2012届英语一轮精品复习导学案：Unit3《The world of colours and light》（译林牛津版选修8）

2012届英语一轮精品复习导学案：Unit3《The world of colours and light》（译林牛津版选修8）
一、知识复习
（一）词汇部分
1.【原句再现】 This painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate what its price would be … (P 34)
【知识要点】calculate的用法
【诊断练习】根据汉语提示完成下列句子（每空词数不限）。
①他们已经计算了旅行费用。
They __________the cost of the trip.
②我们预计将有100人参加会议。
We _________ a hundred people attending the meeting.
③我估计我们将六点钟到达。
I______ that we would arrive at 6.00 p.m.
2. 【原句再现】Besides the works of da Vinci, the Louvre Museum has more than 6,000 other European paintings, ranging from the 13th century to the 19th century. (P 34)
【知识要点】range的用法
【诊断练习】汉译英。
温度在摄氏三十度与四十度之间。
_____________________________________________________________________________
②交流学生的年龄从11至16岁不等。
_____________________________________________________________________________
③他的讲座涉及许多话题。
_____________________________________________________________________________
④卡片以字母顺序排列。
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. 【原句再现】… tried hard to sell and distribute van Gogh’s paintings to buyers, but he was never able to negotiate a successful sale. (P 35)
【知识要点】（1）distribute /divide/assign辨析
【诊断练习】选词填空：assign, distribute, divide
①The organization ________________ food and blankets to the earthquake victims.
②He ________________ his energies between politics and business.
③The teacher has ________________ each of us a holiday task.
【知识要点】（2）negotiate的用法
【诊断练习】选择能填入题干空白处的最佳答案。
④（2011湖北高考27）The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never_______ with criminals.”
A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult
4. 【原句再现】There have been many great European painters, but it is subjective to say who was actually the best. (P 37)
【知识要点拓展】subject的用法
【诊断练习】指出下列句子中subject的词性和含义。
① Subjects covered in this chapter are exercise and nutrition.
② Kate is subject to the feeling of depression.
③ The Roman Empire subjected most of Europe to its rule.
5. 【原句再现】 In fact, he abandoned them and start from scratch. (P 37)
【知识要点】abandon的用法
【诊断练习】根据汉语提示完成下列句子（每空词数不限）。
①During the unrest situation, many people chose to ________________( 离开家乡)and moved to other places. Because of the pressure on them, some became negative and even ② _________________(放弃了生活的希望)and therefore ③________________(沉迷于)gambling or taking drugs. But some insisted and lived a better and better life.
6. 【原句再现】 … and considering his later fame, they got a real bargain. (P 43)
【知识要点】considering的用法
【诊断练习】用consider的适当形式填空。
①All things ________ (consider), they should be given another chance.
②You managed the project well, ________ (consider) your inexperience.
③That is not so bad, ________ (consider) the circumstances.
④That is not so bad, circumstances________ (consider).
⑤________ (consider) that he's only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.
⑥ John did quite well in his exams, ________ (consider) how little he studied.
7.【原句再现】In 1983, he was admitted to the Beijing School of art. (P 43)
【知识要点】admit的用法
【诊断练习】选择能填入题干空白处的最佳答案。
①He was not _____ to the club because he wasn’t a member.（2011天津模拟）
A. allowed B. admitted C. permitted D. approved
（二）句型部分
1.【原句再现】Hardly had I got to Amsterdam when it began to snow. (P40)
【知识要点】hardly／scarcely… when … 和no sooner … than …
【诊断练习】选择能填入题干空白处的最佳答案。
_____ had we entered the room when the telephone rang.　　
①A. Almost 　　B. No sooner 　　C. Hardly 　　D. Just
二、词汇识记
（一）单词部分
1.建筑师_______________ 2. 计算n. ________________
3. 几何_______________ 4. 印象n. ________________
5. 主观的_______________ 客观的_______________
6. 援助n. _______________ 助手_______________
7. 预订，保留n. _______________ 自然保护区_______________
8. 探索 v. _______________ 9. 学者_______________ 奖学金_______________
10. 重复n. _______________ 11.毕业生_______________
12.角度_______________ 天使_______________
（二）词块部分
1. 尝试做…… _____________________ 2. 白手起家 _____________________
3. 预订 _____________________ 4. 在……帮助下 _____________________
5. 静物 _____________________ 6. 有才华的艺术家 _____________________
7. 与某人就某事讨价还价 ____________ 8. 坚持 _____________________
9. 喜爱，渴望 _____________________ 10. 由……制成 _____________________
三、巩固练习
（一）单项填空：选择能填入题干空白处的最佳选项。（30分）
1. --- Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree
--- No, it's out of________.
A. range B. reach C. control D. distance
2. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A. temper B. appearance C. talent　 D. character
3. Rather than ________ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride　　C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
4. --- Did you catch what I’ve said
--- No, it’s too ____. Please give me an example of it.
A. analytical B. realistic C. creative D. abstract
5. ---How much is the membership ______ ---It is 200 yuan.
A. cost B. fare C. fee D. price
6. I was just talking to Marie when Jackson ______.
A. cut out B. cut down C. cut in D. cut up
7. Shaohua was chosen to ______ the company at the annual conference.
A. bear B. stand C. on behalf of D. represent
8. Much to my disappointment, only one of the books in his small study ______.
A. worth to read B. is worth being read C. worth of reading D. is worth reading.
9. --- What is the cost of your shirts here, sir
--- It depends on which fashion you want to buy, and the prices _____ from 100 dollars to 500 dollars.
A. increase B. range C. reach D. different
10. My duties ______ cleaning the office room every morning.
A. include B. contain C. includes D. contains
11. His son, _______, was living abroad.
A. to whom he has been devoted B. to him he had been devoted
C. to whom he had devoted D. to whom he had been devoted
12. He is a good student _______ he is occasionally careless.
A. apart from B. except for C. except that D. except when
13. Some cold-blooded animals, _______ the cat, the dog, or the wolf do not need to hibernate.
A. for example B. like C. namely D. that is
14. ---How would you like your drink
---______.
A. As it comes, please B. I don’t like drinks
C. Quite by chance D. on the table
15. Of the 2,000 stock investors______ last month, 90% was found ______ in financial
knowledge.
A. surveyed; lacking B. having been surveyed; to lack
C. surveyed; lacked D. to have been surveyed; lack
16.______, his idea was accepted but all the people at the meeting.
A. Sound as it might strange B. As it might sound strange
C. Strange as it might sound D. Strangely as it might sound
17.---Have you ever seen Peter recently
---Yes . He ______ me to ask you how you ______ along with your new job these days.
A. has asked ; have been getting B. asked ; were getting
C. often asks ; are getting D. asked ; are getting
18. We really hate ______ if you treat your roommates so rudely.
A. that B. this C. it D. which
19. However, at times this balance in nature is _____, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
A. troubled B. disturbed C. confused D. puzzled
20. Mr. Black forgot to tell us _______.
A. what time to start off B. what time we start off
C. what time do we start off D. what time would we start off
（二）完形填空：根据短文内容选择能填入短文空白处的最佳选项。（30分）
Proper street behavior in the United States requires a nice balance of attention and inattention. You are supposed to look at a _1_ just enough to show that you’re _2_ of his presence. If you look too little, you appear haughty (目中无人的) or furtive (鬼鬼祟祟的), too much _3_ you’re inquisitive. Usually what happens is that people _4 each other until they are about eight feet 5 , at which point both cast down their eyes. Sociologist Erving Goffman 6 this as “a kind of dimming of lights.”
Much of eye behavior is so 7 that we react to it only on the intuitive（直觉的）level. The next time you have a 8 with someone who makes you feel liked, notice what he does with his eyes. 9 are he looks at you more often than is usual with 10 a little longer than the normal. You interpret this as a sign— a polite one — 11 he is interested in you as a person 12 just in the topic of conversation. Probably you also feel that he is both 13 and sincere.
All this has been demonstrated in elaborate (carefully prepared) 14 . Subjects sit and talk in the psychologist’s laboratory, 15 of the fact that their eye behavior is being 16 from a one-way vision screen. In one fairly typical experiment, 17 were induced to cheat while performing a task, then were 18 and observed. It was found that those who had 19 met the interviewer’s eyes less often than was 20 , an indication that “shifty eyes” —to use the mystery writers’ stock phrase—can actually be a tip-off (hint or warning) to an attempt to deceive or to feelings of guilt.
1. A. friend B. foreigner C. passerby D. stranger
2. A. aware B. curious C. ignorant D. uneasy
3. A. so B. or C. and D. but
4. A. look B. stare C. gaze D. eye
5. A. aside B. apart C. away D. ahead
6. A. demonstrates B. describes C. infers D. points
7. A. vague B. hidden C. subtle D. uncertain
8. A. discussion B. communication C. greeting D. conversation
9. A. Chances B. Possibilities C. Opportunities D. Expectations
10. A. glances B. touches C. talks D. sights
11. A. why B. which C. when D. that
12. A. other than B. rather than C. better than D. less than
13. A. self-confident B. self-conscious C. self-contented D. self-centered
14. A. surveys B. observations C. experiments D. interviews
15. A. conscious B. innocent C. suspicious D. indifferent
16. A. noticed B. analyzed C. interpreted D. observed
17. A. interviewers B. applicants C. subjects D. psychologists
18. A. inquired B. interviewed C. investigated D. interfered
19. A. persuaded B. cheated C. distracted D. realized
20. A. common B. average C. ordinary D. normal
（三）任务型阅读：根据短文内容填空，每空一词。（20分）
An Event of Imagination
The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.
On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a massive explosion.
About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the seabed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.
Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina.
Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won't escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, and temperature around the world falls to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won't be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million remain alive.
Could it really happen In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs (恐龙) were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end
Reasons Results
One piece hits the South Atlantic at 200 times 1 2 the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the seabed. A tsunami(海啸) hits southern Africa, 3 cities on the African coast, and 4 millions of people.
A 5 6 happens when the four-kilometer-wide piece of comet enters the Earth's 7 . The sun is hidden by clouds of dust and the temperature falls to almost zero, 8 crops. Wars break out for food and only 10 million people remain. The human beings are 9 the danger of 10 out.
（四） 单词拼写：根据所给句子及汉语注释或首字母拼写单词。（20分）
1. It is very difficult to c___________ what effects all these changes will have on this school.
2. Robert and his classmates e_________ by putting oil and water together, and they saw that they didn’t mix.
3. In the streets, there are many workers _________(讨价还价) for better pay.
4. They tried to n_________ with the Japan’s delegation, but failed to reach an agreement.
5. He lost all his possessions in the earthquake and had to start from s________.
6. She devoted all her time to ________ stars（追星）which nearly ruined her family.
7. Friendship is an ________（抽象的）concept, but the writer is able to make it concrete to readers.
8. If you see a ________（布满星星的）night, you can know it will be fine the next day.
9. The discoveries in the field of ________（天文学）made it possible for us to explore space.
10. This oil painting ________（反映）Tai Lake in the sunset with several boats floating on the surface.
一、知识复习
（一）词汇部分
1.【参考答案】①have calculated ②calculate upon ③calculated
【点拨拓展】（1）calculate v. ①计算、核算
例：Oil prices are calculated in dollars.（油价以美元计算。）
②预测、推测
例：I calculate that Aunt Li will arrive at 8:00 p.m.
It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her life.
it is/was calculated that据估算
例：It has been calculated that at least 47000 jobs were lost last year. （据估算, 去年至少失去了47000个工作。）
（2）calculated adj. 精心策划的
例：be calculated for为适合……而设计，适合于……
be calculated to 打算做, 可能做
This sort of life isn’t calculated to appeal to a young man of 20. （这种生活对于一个20岁的年轻小伙子不大可能有吸引力。）
（3）calculation n. 计算
（4）calculator n. 计算器、计算机
（5）calculative adj. 计算的，精于计算的，精明的
2.【参考答案】①The temperature ranges between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade.
②The ages of the exchange students range from 15 to 22.
③His lectures ranged widely over a variety of topics.
④The cards were ranged in alphabetical order.
【点拨拓展】（1）range作不及物动词：① (在一定范围内) 变动；② (范围) 涉及range over。例：His interests ranged from chess to canoeing.（他的爱好从下国际象棋到划独木舟，范围很广。）
The professor has achieved great success in the research ranging over a number of fields.（这位教授在涉及若干领域的研究中已经取得了很大成功。）
（2）作及物动词：排列, 将……排成行；②使进入行列。例：
The chemist ranged the medicines according to their use.（药剂师根据药品的使用来将其分类摆放。）
（3）作名词：①(变化等的) 幅度，(知识等的) 范围，区域[U][S1]；②排、行，一系列[C]；③级别、等级，阶层、类别[C]
例：The houses are sold out within this price range. （在这个价位范围之内的房子已售完。）
The library has ranges of books in perfect order. （这个图书馆的书一排一排放得井井有条。）
This store sells a wide range of TV sets.（这家商店出售各种型号的彩色电视机。）
例：2011江苏高考完形填空中选项中出现range的名词辨析题：
He stood on tiptoe, 39 (stretching) as high as he could , but even at his tallest 40 he was unable to touch it.
40. A. strength B. length C. range D. height
3.【参考答案】（1）① distributed ② divides/divided ③ assigned
【点拨拓展】下列动词均含“分配，分发”之意。
assign：指按照某种原则进行的硬性分配，也不一定是很公平的。
例：They have assign me a small room.（他们已给我分配了一个小房间。）
distribute：通常指以整体或定量分为若干份来分配。
例：During the war, all foods were distributed in a planned way.（在战争中, 所有的食品都按计划分配。）
divide：普通用词，侧重将某物分成若干份分配给他人，当某物一分为二时，含平均分配之意。
例：This class is too large, we shall have to divide it.（这个班太大了, 我们得把它分一分。）
【参考答案】（2）④A
【点拨拓展】negotiate作不及物动词，谈判、协商、洽谈[+with sb. about/over sth.]；作及物动词，通过谈判达成，谈成。例：
We negotiated with the school master about the tuition increase.（我们和校长就学费增长问题谈判。）
They finally negotiated a peace treaty. （他们最终谈判达成了一个和平条约。）
名词形式：negotiation谈判，协商
例：The issue is still under negotiation. （这个问题还在商讨中。）
The price is generally open to negotiation. （一般来说，价格可以商量。）
4.【参考答案】①subject n. “主题、话题”； ②subject adj. “易受……的影响、易患……的”； ③subject v. subject sth. to sth. “使顺从”。
【点拨拓展】
subject n.“主题、话题”；例：
change the subject 改变话题
get off / onto the subject 偏离……/谈到……
on the subject of 关于……
② subject adj. “易受……的影响、易患……的”； 例：areas subject to strong winds
③ subject v. subject sth. to sth. “使顺从”。例：She was repeatedly subjected to abuse.（她不断受到辱骂。）
5. 【参考答案】①abandon their hometowns，abandon the hope of living，abandoned themselves to
【点拨拓展】abandon作为及物动词，意思是“抛弃、放弃”。
例：The baby had been abandoned by his mother.
By 1930 he had abandoned his Marxist principles. （到1930年他放弃了马克思主义信念。）
重要短语：abandon oneself to sth 陷入、沉湎于
例：He abandoned himself to despair.
形容词：abandoned 被抛弃的、堕落的
例：an abandoned car
6. 【参考答案】① considered ②considering(考虑到你缺乏经验，对你来说，这个方案你已处理得很好了。) ③considering ④considered ⑤Considering ⑥ considering
【点拨拓展】considering ① prep. 就……而论，考虑到
Considering something/somebody, … 考虑到某事/某人
conj. 就……而论，考虑到
Considering that/wh-词+从句, … 考虑到……，鉴于……
例：Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. （考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。）
7. 【参考答案】①B
【点拨拓展】admit作为动词，须掌握下列用法和短语：
① 承认、供认
admit sth 承认/供认某事
admit doing sth = admit having done sth 承认做过某事
admit to (doing) sth 供认（做过）某事
admit sb/sth (to be) + 名词/形容词等 承认某人/物是……
admit that从句 承认/供认……
② 允许进入/加入...
admit sb/sth into/to... 允许某人/物进入（某处）/加入（某活动/组织）
③ 容纳
④ 容许 admit (of) sth
（二）句型部分
1. 【参考答案】①C
【点拨拓展】固定搭配为hardly/scarcely…when或no sooner…than，不可混用。另外，当hardly或no sooner被置于句首时，要用倒装句型。
二、词汇识记
（一）单词部分
1. architect 2. calculation 3. geometry 4. impression 5. subjective; objective
6. assistance; assistant 7. reservation; nature reserve 8. explore 9. scholar; scholarship
10. repetition 11. graduate 12. angle; angel
（二）词块部分
1. have a go at 2. start from scratch 3. make a reservation
4. with the assistance of 5. still life 6. a talented artist
7. bargain with sb about sth 8. stick to 9. have an appetite for 10. be made out of
三、巩固练习
（一）1. A out of range 在射程外；out of reach 在（手等）可触及的范围之外；out of control 脱离了/不受控制；out of distance (from) 离...太远, 达不到。
2. D
3. C 熟练掌握与rather搭配的短语用法，是解这道题的突破口。为了增加试题的难度与答案的隐蔽性，题干采用了倒装句这一语法现象。一旦掌握了prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 这一句型结构,便很容易选出C为正确答案。
4. D
5. C fee表示学费、医生、律师等酬金及会员费 fare常指各种车费及航空费。
6. C cut in插嘴，cut out删掉、剪下来，cut down削减、砍倒，cut up破碎、切碎。
7. D represent “代表”，动词。
8. D be worth doing。
9. B
10. A 清扫办公室是我值职里的一部分。include有包含之意，但侧重指包含整体内容的一部分或要素，把……包括在某个范围内。contain包含，通常指包含整个内容或成分，或在某一范围、容器内能容纳。
11. D be devoted to及时态上考虑。
12. C except that接陈述性从句。
13. B 列举一些例子用like和such as；for example一般拿一个例子出来讲，可置句首、句中、句尾；namely全部列举出来；that is也就是说，相当于同位语。
14. A As it comes, please 表示随便怎样都行。
15. A be lacking in固定搭配。
16. C 让步状语从句的前置结构 adi as s+v; n as s+v; adv as s +v; v as s +did/may/might。
17. D 交代已知事实的原委通常用一般过去时，因此第一个空应该填asked。these days包含说话时，故第二个空白用现在进行时。
18. C hate（like，see，take） it when是一个习惯用法。
19. B
20. A 疑问词+动词不定式充当宾语，其他有时态或语序错误。
（二）1-5 CACDB 6-10 BCDAA 11-15 DBACB 16-20 DCBBD
（三）1. faster 2. than 3. destroying 4. drowning 5. massive
6. explosion 7. atmosphere 8.ruining 9. facing 10. dying
（四）1. calculate 2. experimented 3. bargaining 4. negotiate 5. scratch
6. adoring 7. abstract 8. starry 9. astronomy 10. reflects