中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
Unit
4
重点单词词组复习
+
不定式用法
)
?Unit
Four
语言点复习
1.
fast-food
restaurant
快餐店
?2.reasons
for
success成功的理由
3.give
some
advice
on
sth.提建议
4.on
the
opening
day
在开幕当天
5.start
a
business
开始做生意
6.one
small
drive-in
hamburger
stand
一家小型“免下车”汉堡铺
7.car
park
停车场
8.be
opened
for
business
开张营业
9.be
filled
with
customers
挤满了顾客
10.look
up
at
sth.
抬头看
11.set
up
more
outlets
建立更多的店铺
12.expand
further
进一步扩张
13.launch
branches
开分店
14.the
biggest
fast-food
company
最大的快餐公司
15.take
over
complete
ownership
of
the
business
接受这家企业的全部产权
16.be
introduced
into
some
place
被引进到某地
17.adopt
the
motto
采用这个口号
18.pay
great
attention
to
detail
特别注意细节
19.years
of
planning
多年的筹划
20.establish
the
largest
ever
restaurant
建立迄今最大的一家餐厅
21.achieve
the
right
quality
达到良好的质量标准
22.be
imported
into
Russia
进口到俄罗斯
23.the
best
training
programs
最好的培训计划
24.top
personnel
高层管理人员
25.learn
management
and
customer
service
skills
学习管理和客户服务技能
26.on
the
moon
在月亮上
27.no
doubt
毫无疑问
28.stand
for
代表
29.be
appointed
head
of
the
company
被任命为公司首领
30.in
excess
of
超过
31.fast-food
restaurant
chain
快餐连锁
32.the
last
few
years
在刚过去的几年中
33.chain
store
连锁店
34.convenience
store
便利店
35.pop
into
some
place
急急走进某地?
突然进入
36.celebrate
with
friends
和朋友一起庆祝
37.a
Little
Sheep
Hotpot
Restaurant
小绵羊火锅店
38.GoMe
Appliances
国美电器
39.meet
one’s
needs
满足要求
40.in
convenient
locations
便利的位置
41.underground
stations
地铁站
42.offer
a
wide
range
of
products
提供选择面很宽的产品
43.in
a
clean,
well-lit
and
relaxing
environment
在一个干净，明亮和气氛放松的环境里
44.It
seems
that
看起来
45.a
welcome
development
可喜的发展
46.
be
impressed
by
[at,
with]被深深打动[感动]
47.in
detail
详细地
48.be
likely
to
do
something很可能做某事
49.
to
operate
a
factory开工厂operate
a
machine
操作机器
不定式用法梳理
非谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。其特点是：
1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。
2．它们具有各种形态：一般式、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。
形式
语态
时态
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
进行式
to
be
doing
完成进行式
to
have
been
doing
1.完成式
不定式的一般形式所表示的动作,
通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,
或是在它之后发生.
假如不定式所表示的动作,
在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生,
就用不定式的完成式.
I
am
glad
to
have
seen
your
mother
(=
I
am
glad
I
have
seen
your
mother).
(比较:
I
am
glad
to
see
you.)
He
is
said
to
have
written
a
new
book
about
workers.
He
pretended
not
to
have
seen
me.
2.进行式
如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时,
不定式表示的动作正在进行,
这时要用不定式的进行式.
You
are
not
supposed
to
be
working.
You
haven’t
quite
recovered
yet.
We
didn’t
expect
you
to
be
waiting
for
us
here.
He
pretended
to
be
listening
attentively.
3.完成进行式
在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作,
就要用不定式的完成进行式.
The
struggle
was
known
to
have
been
going
for
twenty
years.
We
are
happy
to
have
been
working
with
you.
4.被动式
当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,
不定式一般要用被动形式.
It
is
an
honor
for
me
to
be
asked
to
speak
here.
She
hated
to
be
flattered.
He
wanted
the
letter
to
be
typed
at
once.
【例】Sir
Denis,
who
is
78,
has
made
it
known
that
much
of
his
collection
______
to
the
nation.
A)
has
left
B)
is
to
leave
C)
leaves
D)
is
to
be
left
结合选项来看，全句的意思：“78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。收藏品是"被留给国家”，因此需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D)
is
to
be
left。
（二）句法功能
1.不定式做主语
【例】It
is
not
unusual
for
workers
in
that
region
_________.
A)
to
be
paid
more
than
a
month
later
??????B)
to
be
paid
later
than
more
a
month
C)
to
pay
later
than
a
month
more
????
D)
to
pay
later
more
than
a
month
it
在句中作形式主语。
而不定式to
be
paid
more
than
a
month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”，答案是A)。
2.不定式做宾语
大部分动词可加不定式做宾语。如：We
are
planning
to
build
a
reservoir
here.
【例】There
is
a
man
at
the
reception
desk
who
seems
very
angry
and
I
think
he
means
_________
trouble.
A)
making
B)
to
make C)
to
have
made
D)
having
made
动词mean在本句中的意思是“打算”，后面只能接动词不定式做宾语。所以答案是B)
to
make。动词mean后面接名词和动名词时，意思是“表示……的意思、意味着”，所以选项A
和
D错误。
★
必背：常见带to的动词:
afford担得起
want想要
aim目标是
appear好像
claim宣称
decide决定
desire渴求
determine决心
fail不能
happen碰巧
hesitate犹豫
agree同意
intend打算
choose选择
prefer
宁愿
expect期待
manage设法
offer主动愿意
pretend假装
promise答应
attempt尝试
refuse拒绝
seek寻求
plan
计划
3.
不定式做补足语
补语用于补充说明主语或宾语。
（1）不定式做主语补足语
【例】The
ancient
Egyptians
are
supposed
_________
rockets
to
the
moon.
A)
to
send
B)
to
be
sending
C)
to
have
sent
D)
to
have
been
sending
在本句中，句首表示时间概念的ancient表明不定式动作在句子谓语动作之前，不定式要用完成式，
因而答案是C)。在本句中，该不定式完成式to
have
sent作主语补足语。
（2）不定式做宾语补足语
这样的动词有：advice,
allow,
announce,
ask,
cause,
enable,
encourage,
forbid,
force,
get,
inspire,
instruct,
invite,
lead,
oblige,
order,
permit,
persuade,
tell,
urge,
want,
warn,
wish。
【例】They
are
going
to
have
the
serviceman
__________
an
electric
fan
in
the
office
tomorrow.
A)
install
B)
to
install
C)
to
be
installed
D)
installed
全句的意思是：“他们准备让服务人员明天在办公室里装一台电扇”。"have
sb.
do
sth."句型的主动语态，因此，have
后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，所以答案是A)
install。
4.不定式做表语
One
of
our
main
tasks
now
is
to
mechanize
agriculture.
5.不定式做定语
不定式做定语时，不定式修饰中心词或者不定式短语末的介词与中心词组成介词短语，修饰中心词（下面例1）。这些动词不定式可能是及物的（带宾语），也可能是不及物的。要特别注意如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则不定式后要加介词，因为此时不定式与其修饰的名词实质上有动宾关系。
很多名词后可接不定式做定语，如ability,
ambition,
anxiety,
attempt,
campaign,
chance,
courage,
decision,
determination,
drive（动力）,
effort,
force,
inclination,
intention,
method,
motive,
movement,
need,
opportunity,
pressure,
reason,
right（权利）,
struggle,
tendency,
wish,
anything,
anyone,
everything,
everyone,
nothing,
no
one,
something,
some
one等。
这类名词通常表示抽象概念，后面用动词不定式做定语，表示该名词的具体内容，解释前面中心名词（例2）在这种结构中，不能用分词形式。
【例1】Could
you
find
someone________？
A)
for
me
to
play
tennis
with
B)
for
me
to
play
tennis
C)
play
tennis
with
D)
playing
tennis
请你找个人来和我打网球。答案是A。
【例2】The
pressure
________causes
Americans
to
be
energetic,
but
it
also
puts
them
under
a
constant
emotional
strain.
A)
to
compete
C)
to
be
competed
B)
competing
D)
having
competed
结合选项看，全句的意思是：“竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛，但也使他们的精神始终处于紧张状态。”名词pressure后应加不定式做定语，说明"pressure"的内容。
6.不定式做状语
不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果等。
They
stood
by
the
roadside
to
talk
about
the
plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)?
His
family
was
too
poor
to
support
him．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)?
We
are
glad
to
hear
the
news．我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)?
（三）、动词不定式不带to的情形
1.
在“动词+
宾语+不定式”结构中,
如果动词是表示感觉意义的see,
hear,
watch,
smell,
feel,
notice等,
或是表示“致使”意义的
have,
make,
let等,
其后的不定式结构不带to.
John
made
her
tell
him
everything.
这类结构转换为被动语态时,
后面的不带to
的不定式一般还原为带to
的不定式.
She
was
made
to
tell
him
everything.
2.
在
had
better,
had
best,
would
rather,
would
sooner,
would
just
as
soon,
might
(just)
as
well,
cannot
but
等搭配之后,
动词不定式也不带to.
I’d
rather
not
have
eggs
and
bacon
for
breakfast.
They
cannot
but
accept
his
term.
3.
在介词except,
but
之后,
如果其前有动词do的某种形式,
不定式一般不带to,
反之带to.
There
is
nothing
to
do
except
wait
till
it
stops
raining.
Smith
will
do
anything
but
work
on
a
farm.
There’s
no
choice
but
to
wait
till
it
stops
raining.
4.
连词
rather
than,
sooner
than
置于句首时,
其后的不定式不带to；出现在句中其他位置时,
其后的不定式有时带to,
有时不带to。
Rather
than
push
the
book
back
as
he
wanted
to
do,
he
forced
himself
to
pick
it
up.
He
decided
to
write
rather
than
telephone.
The
manager
believes
it
is
important
to
invest
in
new
machinery
rather
than
to
increase
wages.
5.用作表语的动词不定式,
如果主语是由“all
+
关系分句”，“thing
+关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing
+不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.
What
he
will
do
is
(to)
spoil
the
whole
thing.
All
you
do
now
is
complete
the
form
The
only
thing
I
can
do
now
is
go
on
by
myself.
The
thing
to
do
now
is
clear
up
this
mess.
（四）、不定式的省略
1.
同一结构并列由and或or连接。
I
want
to
finish
my
homework
and
(to
)go
home.
I’m
really
puzzled
what
to
think
or
(to)say.
特例：To
be
or
not
to
be,this
is
a
question.
He
is
better
to
laugh
than
to
cry.(表示对比)
不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。
What
he
did
was(to)
lose
the
game.
句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such
as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。
Don’t
do
anything
silly,
such
as
marry
him.
比较：have
nothing
to
do
but
do
/have
nothing
but
to
do
have
no
choice
but
to
do
/can’t
(help)
but
do
主句含有不定式，后面有rather
than,
rather
than后省to。
Why
not、had
better、would
rather、can’t
but等词后省to。如：
He
could
not
but
walk
home.
(五)、不定式的替代
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：
Susan
is
not
what
she
used
to
be.
—You
came
late
last
night.
You
ought
to
have
finished
your
homework.
—I
know
I
ought
to
have.
常见的有：I’d
like
/
love
/
be
happy
to.
(六)、不定式的其他用法
1.
too…to
结构通常表示否定意义:
She
was
too
young
to
understand
all
that.
not
too,
but
too,
all
too,
only
too等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义:
He’s
only
too
pleased
to
help
her.
2.不定式的逻辑主语
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,
可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语:
It
is
not
hard
for
one
to
do
a
bit
of
good.
It
is
a
great
honour
for
us
to
be
present
at
this
rally.
在以某些形容词(如
kind,
good,
nice,
wise,
unwise,
clever,
silly,
wrong,
right,
foolish,
stupid,
careless,
considerate,
rude,
naughty,
impolite等)作表语时,
不定式前可加一个of引起的短语,
来说明不定式指的是谁的情况:
It’s
kind
of
you
to
think
so
much
of
us.
It’s
unwise
of
them
to
turn
down
the
proposal.
3.
不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
The
novel
was
said
to
have
been
published.
I
regret
to
have
been
with
you
for
so
many
years.
seem、appear、be
said、be
supposed、be
believed、be
thought、be
known、be
reported等动词常用于上面句型。
此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。
I’m
sorry
___________________
for
a
minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）
I’m
sorry
_______________________for
so
long.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。
（A）should
like
to
/
would
like
to
/
would
love
to
+
不定式的完成时。
（B）was
/
were
to
或was/were
about
to+
不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。
（C）expect
/
hope
/
mean
/
promise
/
suppose
/
think
/
want/
wish
+
不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
高考高频词汇精选背诵（H字母）
handle
honour
harbour
hike
harmony
hook
hardship
harvest
headquarters
horizon
hatch
hostile
heal
hostage
holy
handicap
heap
household
hatch
haunt
helicopter
humble
hurricane
hazard
hesitate
heritage
horrible
hatred
highlight
hammer
haste
horn
hint
helmet
hemisphere
high-rise
hostess
heroine
hell
hibernation
单句语法填空（注意不定式用法）
1.
_______
(catch)
the
train,
we'd
better
hurry
to
the
station
by
taxi.
2.
I
meant
__________
(finish)
my
work
last
night,
but
I
didn't
feel
very
well.
3.
It
has
been
an
honor
for
me____________
(invite)
to
your
country.
4.
It
happened______________
(rain)
when
I
got
there.
5.The
crowd
cheered
wildly
at
the
sight
of
Liu
Xiang,
who
was
reported
________
(break)
the
world
record
in
the
110-meter
hurdle
race.
6.
When
mother
entered
the
room
last
night,
I
pretended
____________
(work)
on
the
computer.
7.
She
was
the
first
woman
____________
(elect)
to
such
a
post.
8.Energy
drinks
are
not
allowed
___________
(make)
in
Australia
but
are
brought
in
from
New
Zealand.
9.____________
that
task
in
such
a
short
time
is
really
a
challenge.（主语/形式主语）
10.
He
managed______________
(solve)
the
complicated
problem.
宾语）
11.
I
feel
it
a
great
honor
__________
(invite)
to
speak
at
the
meeting
before
so
many
students.
（形式宾语）
12.
His
wish
is
_____________
(become)
an
astronaut.
（表语）
13.
On
Sundays,
he
always
has
a
lot
of
letters
__________
(write).
（定语）
14.
She
raised
her
voice____________
(hear)
well.
（状语）
15.
The
teacher
encouraged
the
students
_________
(take)
active
part
in
some
outdoor
activities.
(ask/tell/order/advise
sb.
to
do
sth.)
（补语）
参考答案：
To
catch
2.
to
have
finished
3.
to
have
been
invited
4.
to
be
raining
5.
to
have
broken
6.
to
be
working
7.
to
be
elected
8.
to
be
made
9.
To
finish
(finish)
10.
to
solve
11.
to
be
invited
12.
to
become
13.
to
write
14.
to
be
heard
15.
to
take
用不定式补全下列句子
1.
爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。
_______________
are
both
great
happiness.
2.
中国人民决不会征服。
The
Chinese
people
refuse
_______________
3.
他们获悉他已被警方逮捕。
They
knew
him
____________
(arrest)
by
the
police.
4.
根据报道他们已安全到达。
They
are
reported
____________________.
5.
我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。
I
want
this
bike
_________________________.
6.
玛利仿佛已经被告之这件事了。
Mary
seemed
____________________________.
7.
众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。
He
is
known
________________
a
gold
medal
at
the
Olympic.
8.
为了周游世界，他需要学习一些外语。
_________________,
he
needs
to
learn
some
foreign
languages.
9.
这是由中国工程师首次设计工程项目。
It
is
____________
by
Chinese
engineers.
10.
信息技术发展如此之快，很难预测在将来的二十年计算机能够做什么。
The
IT
technology
is
developing
so
fast
that
_____
in
the
next
20
years.
补全句子参考答案：
1.
To
love
and
to
be
loved
2.
to
give
in/to
be
conquered.
3.
to
have
been
arrested
4.
to
have
arrived
safely.
5.
to
be
repaired
at
once.
6.
to
have
been
told
about
it.
7.
to
have
been
given/awarded
8.
In
order
to/To
travel
around
the
world
9.
the
first
such
project
to
be
designed
10.
it
is
difficult
to
predict
what
computers
can
do
汉译英
（注意不定式的使用）
1.
那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘它的美丽。（It
……）（2003上海高考）
2.
我发现很难与那些固执己见的人合作。（…it…）（2004上海高考）
3.
这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。(too
…
to)
(2004上海高考)
4.
你最好乘出租车去电影节的开幕式，不然就要迟到了。
(2005上海高考)
5.
这款手机样式新颖、携带方面，深受年轻人的欢迎。
(2005上海高考)
6.
为了保持健康，我们经常参加体育锻炼。(To…)
（2006上海春考）
7.
物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail)
（2006上海春考）
8.
我忘了提醒他面试的时间。(remind)
（2007上海高考）
9.
他设法把游客及时送到了机场。
(manage)
（2008上海高考）
10.
你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会?
(possible)
（2008上海高考）
汉译英参考答案：
1.
It’s
very
hard
for
those
who
haven’t
been
to
the
small
village
to
describe
its
beauty.
2.
I
find
it
(is)
hard
to
cooperate
with
those
who
always
stick
to
their
own
opinions.
3.
The
rule
of
the
game
is
too
complicated
to
explain/be
explained
in
a
few
words.
4.
You’d
better
go
to
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
Film
Festival
by
taxi,
or
you’ll
be
late.
5.
The
mobile
phone
is
fashionable
in
style
and
convenient
to
carry,
so
it
is
very
popular
with
youngsters.
6.
To
keep
fit,
we
often
take
part
in
physical
exercises.
7.
In
the
physics
class,
he
failed
to
understand
what
Professor
Wang
was
talking
about.
8.
I
forgot
to
remind
him
of
the
time
for
the
interview.
9.
He
managed
to
send
the
tourists
to
the
airport
in
time.
10.
Is
it
possible
for
you
to
attend
my
birthday
party
this
evening?
高考核心词汇检测
I
have
formed
the
_________of
jogging
every
early
morning.
A.
hall
B.
handle
C.
habit
D.
hobby
I
didn’t
____
for
a
moment
about
taking
the
job.
A.
beg
B.
hesitate
C.
desire
D.
hunt
The
lorry
driver
was
badly
_____
when
his
lorry
crashed
into
a
wall.
A.
harvested
B.
hit
C.
hurt
D.
hurried
It
was
a
long
time
before
the
cut
on
my
hand
_____
completely.
A.
healed
B.
hooked
C.
improved
D.
recovered
Please
remember
the
_____moment
when
he
came
back
to
mainland
after
60
years.
A.
holy
B.
historic
C.humble
D.
honorable
At
the
__________
of
four
miles,
the
air
becomes
too
thin
to
breathe.
A.
headline
B.
horizon
C.
height
D.
hovercraft
The
match
is
likely
to
be
one
of
the
________
of
the
tournament.
headlines
B.
highlights
C.
deadlines
D.
hints
Under
the
pressure
from
society,
the
terrorists
released
the
_________
at
last.
A.
gossips
B.
hostages
C.
harbours
D.
housewives
He
spoke
_________
of
the
novel
and
he
almost
worshipped
the
ground
the
author.
A.
heavily
B.
lightly
C.
highly
D.
luckily
He
did
so
badly
in
this
exam
that
he
decided
to
_________
the
score
form
his
parents.
A.
grant
B.
hire
C.
hold
D.
hide
She
won
the
first
winter
Olympic
gold
medal
for
our
motherland.
What
a
_____it
was!
A.
honour
B.
humour
C.
horror
D.
heaven
We
must
try
to
live
in
peace
and
_________
with
ourselves
and
those
around
us.
A.
haste
B.hibernation
C.
horizon
D.
harmony
Drinking
may
make
a
person
feel
relaxed
and
happy,
or
it
may
make
her
_________,
violent,
or
depressed.
A.
handicapped
B.hollow
C.
hostile
D.
hospitable
Many
companies
have
their
_________
in
New
York.
A.hardships
B.headquarters
C.
highlights
D.
hurricanes
They
went
on
a
ten-mile
________
through
the
forest.
A.hike
B.hostess
C.
helmet
D.
heroine
1~5
CBCAB
6~10
BBBBD
11~15.
CDCBA
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Reading
involves
looking
at
illustrative
symbols
and
expressing
mentally
the
sounds
and
ideas
they
represent.
Concepts
of
reading
have
changed
50
over
the
centuries.
During
the
1950’s
and
1960’s
especially,
increased
attention
has
been
devoted
to
51
the
reading
process.
Although
experts
agree
that
reading
52
a
complex
organization
of
higher
mental
53
,
they
disagree
about
the
exact
nature
of
the
process.
Some
experts,
who
regard
language
primarily
as
a
code
using
symbols
to
represent
sounds,
54
reading
as
simply
the
decoding（解码）of
symbols
into
the
sounds
they
stand
for.
These
authorities
55
that
meaning,
being
concerned
with
thinking,
must
be
taught
independently
of
the
decoding
process.
Others
maintain
that
reading
is
inexplainably
related
to
thinking,
and
that
a
child
who
pronounces
sounds
without
56
their
meaning
is
not
truly
reading.
The
reader,
57
some,
is
not
just
a
person
with
a
theoretical
ability
to
read
but
one
who
58
reads.
Many
adults,
although
they
have
the
ability
to
read,
have
never
read
a
book
in
its
59
.
By
some
experts
they
would
not
be
60
as
readers.
Clearly,
the
philosophy,
objectives,
methods
and
materials
of
reading
will
depend
on
the
definition
one
use.
By
the
most
61
and
satisfactory
definition,
reading
is
the
ability
to
62
the
sound-symbols
code
of
the
language,
to
interpret
meaning
for
various
63
,
at
various
rates,
and
at
various
levels
of
difficulty,
and
to
do
so
widely
and
enthusiastically.
64
,
reading
is
the
interpretation
of
ideas
through
the
use
of
symbols
representing
sounds
and
ideas.
50.
A.
specifically
B.
dramatically
C.
abstractly
D.
ridiculously
51.
A.
understanding
B.
translating
C.
defining
D.
substituting
52.
A.
involves
B.
concentrates
C.
specializes
D.
analyzes
53.
A.
opinions
B.
effects
C.
manners
D.
functions
54.
A.
view
B.
look
C.
reassure
D.
agree
55.
A.
support
B.
argue
C.
attempt
D.
compete
56.
A.
interpreting
B.
saying
C.
reciting
D.
reading
57.
A.
in
addition
to
B.
for
example
C.
according
to
D.
such
as
58.
A.
completely
B.
carefully
C.
publically
D.
actually
59.
A.
part
B.
whole
C.
standard
D.
straight
60.
A.
applied
B.
granted
C.
classified
D.
graded
61.
A.
instructive
B.
doubtful
C.
certain
D.
complicated
62.
A.
strike
B.
illustrate
C.
define
D.
unlock
63.
A.
purposes
B.
degrees
C.
stages
D.
steps
64.
A.
On
the
other
hand
B.
In
short
C.
By
the
way
D.
So
far
50—54
BCADA
55—59
BACDB
60—64
CCDAB
Section
B
Over
the
past
century,
all
kinds
of
unfairness
and
discrimination
have
been
condemned
or
made
illegal.
But
one
evil
form
continues
to
thrive：
alphabetism.
This,
for
those
as
yet
unaware
of
such
a
disadvantage,
refers
to
discrimination
against
those
whose
surnames
begin
with
a
letter
in
the
lower
half
of
the
alphabet.
It
has
long
been
known
that
a
taxi
firm
called
A
AAA
cars
has
a
big
advantage
over
Zodiac
cars
when
customers
thumb
through
their
phone
directories.
Less
well
known
is
the
advantage
that
Adam
Abbott
has
in
life
over
Zoe
Zysman.
English
names
are
fairly
evenly
spread
between
the
halves
of
the
alphabet.
Yet
a
suspiciously
large
number
of
top
people
have
surnames
beginning
with
letters
between
A
and
K.
Thus
the
American
president
and
vice-president
have
surnames
starting
with
B
and
C
respectively;
and
26
of
George
Bush’s
predecessors
(including
his
father)
have
surnames
in
the
first
half
of
the
alphabet
against
just
16
in
the
second
half.
Even
more
striking,
six
of
the
seven
heads
of
government
of
the
G7
rich
countries
are
alphabetically
advantaged
(Berlusconi,
Blair,
Bush,
Chirac,
Chretien
and
Koizumi).
The
world’s
three
top
central
bankers
(Greenspan,
Duisenberg
and
Hayami)
are
all
close
to
the
top
of
the
alphabet,
even
if
one
of
them
really
uses
Japanese
characters.
As
are
the
world’s
five
richest
men
(Gates,
Buffett,
Alien,
Ellison
and
Albrecht).
Can
this
merely
be
coincidence?
One
theory,
dreamt
up
in
all
the
spare
time
enjoyed
by
the
alphabetically
disadvantaged,
is
that
the
rot
sets
in
early.
At
the
start
of
the
first
year
in
infant
school,
teachers
seat
pupils
alphabetically
from
the
front,
to
make
it
easier
to
remember
their
names.
So
short-sighted
Zysman
junior
gets
stuck
in
the
back
row,
and
is
rarely
asked
the
improving
questions
posed
by
those
insensitive
teachers.
At
the
time
the
alphabetically
disadvantaged
may
think
they
have
had
a
lucky
escape.
Yet
the
result
may
be
worse
qualifications,
because
they
get
less
individual
attention,
as
well
as
less
confidence
in
speaking
publicly.
The
humiliation
continues.
At
university
graduation
ceremonies,
the
ABCs
proudly
get
their
awards
first；by
the
time
they
reach
the
Zysmans
most
people
are
literally
having
a
ZZZ.
Shortlists
for
job
interviews,
election
ballot
papers,
lists
of
conference
speakers
and
attendees：
all
tend
to
be
drawn
up
alphabetically,
and
their
recipients
lose
interest
as
they
plough
through
them.
63.
What
does
the
author
intend
to
show
with
AAAA
cars
and
Zodiac
cars?
A.
An
example
of
competition
of
two
kinds
of
cars.
B.
Some
advantages
of
AAAA
cars
in
the
taxi
firm.
C.
An
example
of
unfairness
caused
by
alphabetism.
D.
Some
disadvantages
of
Zodiac
cars
in
the
taxi
firm.
64.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
first
three
paragraphs?
A.
The
alphabet
is
to
blame
for
the
failure
of
Zoe
Zysman.
B.
In
both
East
and
West,
names
are
important
to
success.
C.
Customers
often
pay
a
lot
of
attention
to
companies’
names.
D.
The
discrimination
in
alphabetism
can
be
found
in
many
areas.
65.
What
does
the
author
mean
by
“most
people
are
literally
having
a
ZZZ”?
A.
They
are
getting
impatient.
B.
They
are
noisily
dozing
off.
C.
They
are
feeling
humiliated.
D.
They
are
busy
with
word
puzzles.
66.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
VIPs
in
the
Western
world
gain
a
great
deal
from
alphabetism.
B.
People
with
surnames
beginning
with
N
to
Z
are
often
misunderstood.
C.
Putting
things
alphabetically
may
lead
to
unintentional
unfairness.
D.
The
movement
to
get
rid
of
alphabetism
still
has
a
long
way
to
go.
63-66:
CDBC
Section
C
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
A.
This
phenomenon
is
often
missing
from
development
projects
promoted
as
green
or
sustainable.
B.
This
phenomenon
has
variously
been
called
environmental,
eco-or
green
gentrification.
C.
Greening
and
environmental
cleanup
do
not
automatically
or
necessarily
lead
to
gentrification.
D.
This
creates
pressure
to
rezone
industrial
land
for
residential
towers
or
profitable
commercial
space,
in
exchange
for
developer-funded
cleanup.
E.
But
it
can
drive
up
real
estate
prices
and
displace
low-
and
middle-income
residents.
F.
Environmental
gentrification
naturalizes
the
disappearance
of
manufacturing
and
the
working
class.
Sustainable
Cities
Need
More
Than
Parks,
Cafes
and
a
Riverwalk
There
are
many
standards
that
aim
to
rank
how
green
cities
are.
But
what
does
it
actually
mean
for
a
city
to
be
green
or
sustainable?
We’ve
written
about
what
we
call
the
“parks,
cafes
and
a
riverwalk”
model
of
sustainability,
which
focuses
on
providing
new
green
spaces,
mainly
for
high-income
people.
This
vision
of
shiny
residential
towers
and
waterfront
parks
has
become
a
widely-shared
conception
of
what
green
cities
should
look
like.
67
Gentrification(住宅高档化)
has
become
a
catch-all
term
used
to
describe
neighborhood
change,
and
is
often
misunderstood
as
the
only
path
to
neighborhood
improvement.
In
fact,
its
defining
feature
is
displacement.
Typically,
people
who
move
into
these
changing
neighborhoods
are
wealthier
and
more
educated
than
residents
who
are
displaced.
A
recent
flood
of
new
research
has
focused
on
the
displacement
effects
of
environmental
cleanup
and
green
space
initiatives.
68
Land
for
new
development
and
resources
to
fund
extensive
cleanup
of
poisonous
sites
are
scarce
in
many
cities.
69
And
in
neighborhoods
where
gentrification
has
already
begun,
a
new
park
or
farmers
market
can
worsen
the
problem
by
making
the
area
even
more
attractive
to
potential
high-income
people
and
pricing
out
long-term
residents.
In
some
cases,
developers
even
create
temporary
community
gardens
or
farmers
markets
or
promise
more
green
space
than
they
eventually
deliver,
in
order
to
market
a
neighborhood
to
buyers
looking
for
green
pleasantness.
70
It
makes
deindustrialization
seem
both
inevitable
and
desirable,
often
by
quite
literally
replacing
industry
with
more
natural-looking
landscapes.
When
these
neighborhoods
are
finally
cleaned
up,
after
years
of
activism
by
longtime
residents,
those
advocates
often
are
unable
to
stay
and
enjoy
the
benefits
of
their
efforts.
答案：67-70
EBDF
Section
D
【不定式过关练习】
1.
In
the
eastern
Chinese
city
of
Suzhou,
____
people
swarm（云集）
during
Mid-Autumn
Festival
and
the
National
Day
holiday
____
(buy)
Yangcheng
Lake
crabs,
a
luxurious
delicacy
that
always
serve
as
the
best
holiday
gift
for
government
officials,
crab
sellers
are
worried
they
will
not
attract
enough
customers
this
year.
Where;
to
buy
2.
_______(keep)
up
their
work,
they
must
read
letters,
reports,
newspapers.......In
getting
a
job
or
advancing
in
one,
the
ability______
(read)
and
comprehend
quickly
can
mean
the
difference
between
success
and
failure.
To
keep;
to
read
3.
Columbus
first
set
sail
in
1492,
when
working
for
the
King
and
Queen
of
Spain.
His
goal
was
_______(discover)
a
passage
to
Asia.
To
discover
4.
The
U.S.
Market
for
“advanced
remote
patient
monitoring”,
______
includes
not
just
video
conferencing,
but
also
the
ability
_______(monitor)
patient
care
remotely
and
link
to
a
March
report
by
Kalorama
Information.
Which;
to
monitor
5.
The
play
____________
(produce)next
month
aims
mainly
to
reflect
the
local
culture.
to
be
produced
6.
现在在会议上讨论的问题过两周表决(vote)。(be
to
do)
The
problem
being
duscussed
at
the
meeting
now
is
to
be
voted
in
two
weeks’
time.
7.
你觉得我们队有赢这场篮球比赛的可能吗？(expect)
Do
you
expect
there
to
be
a
possibility
of
our
team’s
winning
the
basketball
game?
8.
这些广告旨在吸引消费者购买商品。（appeal）
The
aim
of
these
advertisements
is
to
appeal
to
customers
to
buy
goods./
These
advertisements
aim
at
appealing
to
customers
to
buy
goods.
发现学生下午昏昏欲睡的样子，老师竭尽所能来激发他们的兴趣。（arouse）
Finding
students
sleepy
in
the
afternoon,
the
teacher
did
everything
he
could
to
arouse
their
interest.
为了拯救那些禽流感患者，医生们日夜工作，废寝忘食。（bird
flu）
In
order
to
save
those
who
suffered
from
bird
flu,
the
doctors
worded
day
and
night,
forgetting/
neglecting
their
meals
and
sleep.
21世纪教育网
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
Unit
4
重点单词词组复习
+
不定式用法
)
?Unit
Four
语言点复习
1.
fast-food
restaurant
快餐店
?2.reasons
for
success成功的理由
3.give
some
advice
on
sth.提建议
4.on
the
opening
day
在开幕当天
5.start
a
business
开始做生意
6.one
small
drive-in
hamburger
stand
一家小型“免下车”汉堡铺
7.car
park
停车场
8.be
opened
for
business
开张营业
9.be
filled
with
customers
挤满了顾客
10.look
up
at
sth.
抬头看
11.set
up
more
outlets
建立更多的店铺
12.expand
further
进一步扩张
13.launch
branches
开分店
14.the
biggest
fast-food
company
最大的快餐公司
15.take
over
complete
ownership
of
the
business
接受这家企业的全部产权
16.be
introduced
into
some
place
被引进到某地
17.adopt
the
motto
采用这个口号
18.pay
great
attention
to
detail
特别注意细节
19.years
of
planning
多年的筹划
20.establish
the
largest
ever
restaurant
建立迄今最大的一家餐厅
21.achieve
the
right
quality
达到良好的质量标准
22.be
imported
into
Russia
进口到俄罗斯
23.the
best
training
programs
最好的培训计划
24.top
personnel
高层管理人员
25.learn
management
and
customer
service
skills
学习管理和客户服务技能
26.on
the
moon
在月亮上
27.no
doubt
毫无疑问
28.stand
for
代表
29.be
appointed
head
of
the
company
被任命为公司首领
30.in
excess
of
超过
31.fast-food
restaurant
chain
快餐连锁
32.the
last
few
years
在刚过去的几年中
33.chain
store
连锁店
34.convenience
store
便利店
35.pop
into
some
place
急急走进某地?
突然进入
36.celebrate
with
friends
和朋友一起庆祝
37.a
Little
Sheep
Hotpot
Restaurant
小绵羊火锅店
38.GoMe
Appliances
国美电器
39.meet
one’s
needs
满足要求
40.in
convenient
locations
便利的位置
41.underground
stations
地铁站
42.offer
a
wide
range
of
products
提供选择面很宽的产品
43.in
a
clean,
well-lit
and
relaxing
environment
在一个干净，明亮和气氛放松的环境里
44.It
seems
that
看起来
45.a
welcome
development
可喜的发展
46.
be
impressed
by
[at,
with]被深深打动[感动]
47.in
detail
详细地
48.be
likely
to
do
something很可能做某事
49.
to
operate
a
factory开工厂operate
a
machine
操作机器
不定式用法梳理
非谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。其特点是：
1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。
2．它们具有各种形态：一般式、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。
形式
语态
时态
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
进行式
to
be
doing
完成进行式
to
have
been
doing
1.完成式
不定式的一般形式所表示的动作,
通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,
或是在它之后发生.
假如不定式所表示的动作,
在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生,
就用不定式的完成式.
I
am
glad
to
have
seen
your
mother
(=
I
am
glad
I
have
seen
your
mother).
(比较:
I
am
glad
to
see
you.)
He
is
said
to
have
written
a
new
book
about
workers.
He
pretended
not
to
have
seen
me.
2.进行式
如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时,
不定式表示的动作正在进行,
这时要用不定式的进行式.
You
are
not
supposed
to
be
working.
You
haven’t
quite
recovered
yet.
We
didn’t
expect
you
to
be
waiting
for
us
here.
He
pretended
to
be
listening
attentively.
3.完成进行式
在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作,
就要用不定式的完成进行式.
The
struggle
was
known
to
have
been
going
for
twenty
years.
We
are
happy
to
have
been
working
with
you.
4.被动式
当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,
不定式一般要用被动形式.
It
is
an
honor
for
me
to
be
asked
to
speak
here.
She
hated
to
be
flattered.
He
wanted
the
letter
to
be
typed
at
once.
【例】Sir
Denis,
who
is
78,
has
made
it
known
that
much
of
his
collection
______
to
the
nation.
A)
has
left
B)
is
to
leave
C)
leaves
D)
is
to
be
left
结合选项来看，全句的意思：“78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。收藏品是"被留给国家”，因此需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D)
is
to
be
left。
（二）句法功能
1.不定式做主语
【例】It
is
not
unusual
for
workers
in
that
region
_________.
A)
to
be
paid
more
than
a
month
later
??????B)
to
be
paid
later
than
more
a
month
C)
to
pay
later
than
a
month
more
????
D)
to
pay
later
more
than
a
month
it
在句中作形式主语。
而不定式to
be
paid
more
than
a
month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”，答案是A)。
2.不定式做宾语
大部分动词可加不定式做宾语。如：We
are
planning
to
build
a
reservoir
here.
【例】There
is
a
man
at
the
reception
desk
who
seems
very
angry
and
I
think
he
means
_________
trouble.
A)
making
B)
to
make C)
to
have
made
D)
having
made
动词mean在本句中的意思是“打算”，后面只能接动词不定式做宾语。所以答案是B)
to
make。动词mean后面接名词和动名词时，意思是“表示……的意思、意味着”，所以选项A
和
D错误。
★
必背：常见带to的动词:
afford担得起
want想要
aim目标是
appear好像
claim宣称
decide决定
desire渴求
determine决心
fail不能
happen碰巧
hesitate犹豫
agree同意
intend打算
choose选择
prefer
宁愿
expect期待
manage设法
offer主动愿意
pretend假装
promise答应
attempt尝试
refuse拒绝
seek寻求
plan
计划
3.
不定式做补足语
补语用于补充说明主语或宾语。
（1）不定式做主语补足语
【例】The
ancient
Egyptians
are
supposed
_________
rockets
to
the
moon.
A)
to
send
B)
to
be
sending
C)
to
have
sent
D)
to
have
been
sending
在本句中，句首表示时间概念的ancient表明不定式动作在句子谓语动作之前，不定式要用完成式，
因而答案是C)。在本句中，该不定式完成式to
have
sent作主语补足语。
（2）不定式做宾语补足语
这样的动词有：advice,
allow,
announce,
ask,
cause,
enable,
encourage,
forbid,
force,
get,
inspire,
instruct,
invite,
lead,
oblige,
order,
permit,
persuade,
tell,
urge,
want,
warn,
wish。
【例】They
are
going
to
have
the
serviceman
__________
an
electric
fan
in
the
office
tomorrow.
A)
install
B)
to
install
C)
to
be
installed
D)
installed
全句的意思是：“他们准备让服务人员明天在办公室里装一台电扇”。"have
sb.
do
sth."句型的主动语态，因此，have
后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，所以答案是A)
install。
4.不定式做表语
One
of
our
main
tasks
now
is
to
mechanize
agriculture.
5.不定式做定语
不定式做定语时，不定式修饰中心词或者不定式短语末的介词与中心词组成介词短语，修饰中心词（下面例1）。这些动词不定式可能是及物的（带宾语），也可能是不及物的。要特别注意如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则不定式后要加介词，因为此时不定式与其修饰的名词实质上有动宾关系。
很多名词后可接不定式做定语，如ability,
ambition,
anxiety,
attempt,
campaign,
chance,
courage,
decision,
determination,
drive（动力）,
effort,
force,
inclination,
intention,
method,
motive,
movement,
need,
opportunity,
pressure,
reason,
right（权利）,
struggle,
tendency,
wish,
anything,
anyone,
everything,
everyone,
nothing,
no
one,
something,
some
one等。
这类名词通常表示抽象概念，后面用动词不定式做定语，表示该名词的具体内容，解释前面中心名词（例2）在这种结构中，不能用分词形式。
【例1】Could
you
find
someone________？
A)
for
me
to
play
tennis
with
B)
for
me
to
play
tennis
C)
play
tennis
with
D)
playing
tennis
请你找个人来和我打网球。答案是A。
【例2】The
pressure
________causes
Americans
to
be
energetic,
but
it
also
puts
them
under
a
constant
emotional
strain.
A)
to
compete
C)
to
be
competed
B)
competing
D)
having
competed
结合选项看，全句的意思是：“竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛，但也使他们的精神始终处于紧张状态。”名词pressure后应加不定式做定语，说明"pressure"的内容。
6.不定式做状语
不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果等。
They
stood
by
the
roadside
to
talk
about
the
plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)?
His
family
was
too
poor
to
support
him．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)?
We
are
glad
to
hear
the
news．我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)?
（三）、动词不定式不带to的情形
1.
在“动词+
宾语+不定式”结构中,
如果动词是表示感觉意义的see,
hear,
watch,
smell,
feel,
notice等,
或是表示“致使”意义的
have,
make,
let等,
其后的不定式结构不带to.
John
made
her
tell
him
everything.
这类结构转换为被动语态时,
后面的不带to
的不定式一般还原为带to
的不定式.
She
was
made
to
tell
him
everything.
2.
在
had
better,
had
best,
would
rather,
would
sooner,
would
just
as
soon,
might
(just)
as
well,
cannot
but
等搭配之后,
动词不定式也不带to.
I’d
rather
not
have
eggs
and
bacon
for
breakfast.
They
cannot
but
accept
his
term.
3.
在介词except,
but
之后,
如果其前有动词do的某种形式,
不定式一般不带to,
反之带to.
There
is
nothing
to
do
except
wait
till
it
stops
raining.
Smith
will
do
anything
but
work
on
a
farm.
There’s
no
choice
but
to
wait
till
it
stops
raining.
4.
连词
rather
than,
sooner
than
置于句首时,
其后的不定式不带to；出现在句中其他位置时,
其后的不定式有时带to,
有时不带to。
Rather
than
push
the
book
back
as
he
wanted
to
do,
he
forced
himself
to
pick
it
up.
He
decided
to
write
rather
than
telephone.
The
manager
believes
it
is
important
to
invest
in
new
machinery
rather
than
to
increase
wages.
5.用作表语的动词不定式,
如果主语是由“all
+
关系分句”，“thing
+关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing
+不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.
What
he
will
do
is
(to)
spoil
the
whole
thing.
All
you
do
now
is
complete
the
form
The
only
thing
I
can
do
now
is
go
on
by
myself.
The
thing
to
do
now
is
clear
up
this
mess.
（四）、不定式的省略
1.
同一结构并列由and或or连接。
I
want
to
finish
my
homework
and
(to
)go
home.
I’m
really
puzzled
what
to
think
or
(to)say.
特例：To
be
or
not
to
be,this
is
a
question.
He
is
better
to
laugh
than
to
cry.(表示对比)
2.不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。
What
he
did
was(to)
lose
the
game.
3.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such
as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。
Don’t
do
anything
silly,
such
as
marry
him.
比较：have
nothing
to
do
but
do
/have
nothing
but
to
do
have
no
choice
but
to
do
/can’t
(help)
but
do
4.主句含有不定式，后面有rather
than,
rather
than后省to。
5.
Why
not、had
better、would
rather、can’t
but等词后省to。如：
He
could
not
but
walk
home.
(五)、不定式的替代
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：
Susan
is
not
what
she
used
to
be.
—You
came
late
last
night.
You
ought
to
have
finished
your
homework.
—I
know
I
ought
to
have.
常见的有：I’d
like
/
love
/
be
happy
to.
(六)、不定式的其他用法
1.
too…to
结构通常表示否定意义:
She
was
too
young
to
understand
all
that.
not
too,
but
too,
all
too,
only
too等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义:
He’s
only
too
pleased
to
help
her.
2.不定式的逻辑主语
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,
可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语:
It
is
not
hard
for
one
to
do
a
bit
of
good.
It
is
a
great
honour
for
us
to
be
present
at
this
rally.
在以某些形容词(如
kind,
good,
nice,
wise,
unwise,
clever,
silly,
wrong,
right,
foolish,
stupid,
careless,
considerate,
rude,
naughty,
impolite等)作表语时,
不定式前可加一个of引起的短语,
来说明不定式指的是谁的情况:
It’s
kind
of
you
to
think
so
much
of
us.
It’s
unwise
of
them
to
turn
down
the
proposal.
3.
不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
The
novel
was
said
to
have
been
published.
I
regret
to
have
been
with
you
for
so
many
years.
seem、appear、be
said、be
supposed、be
believed、be
thought、be
known、be
reported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。
I’m
sorry
___________________
for
a
minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）
I’m
sorry
_______________________for
so
long.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。
（A）should
like
to
/
would
like
to
/
would
love
to
+
不定式的完成时。
（B）was
/
were
to
或was/were
about
to+
不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。
（C）expect
/
hope
/
mean
/
promise
/
suppose
/
think
/
want/
wish
+
不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
高考高频词汇精选背诵（H字母）
handle
honour
harbour
hike
harmony
hook
hardship
harvest
headquarters
horizon
hatch
hostile
heal
hostage
holy
handicap
heap
household
hatch
haunt
helicopter
humble
hurricane
hazard
hesitate
heritage
horrible
hatred
highlight
hammer
haste
horn
hint
helmet
hemisphere
high-rise
hostess
heroine
hell
hibernation
单句语法填空（注意不定式用法）
1.
_______
(catch)
the
train,
we'd
better
hurry
to
the
station
by
taxi.
2.
I
meant
__________
(finish)
my
work
last
night,
but
I
didn't
feel
very
well.
3.
It
has
been
an
honor
for
me____________
(invite)
to
your
country.
4.
It
happened______________
(rain)
when
I
got
there.
5.The
crowd
cheered
wildly
at
the
sight
of
Liu
Xiang,
who
was
reported
________
(break)
the
world
record
in
the
110-meter
hurdle
race.
6.
When
mother
entered
the
room
last
night,
I
pretended
____________
(work)
on
the
computer.
7.
She
was
the
first
woman
____________
(elect)
to
such
a
post.
8.Energy
drinks
are
not
allowed
___________
(make)
in
Australia
but
are
brought
in
from
New
Zealand.
9.____________
that
task
in
such
a
short
time
is
really
a
challenge.（主语/形式主语）
10.
He
managed______________
(solve)
the
complicated
problem.
宾语）
11.
I
feel
it
a
great
honor
__________
(invite)
to
speak
at
the
meeting
before
so
many
students.
（形式宾语）
12.
His
wish
is
_____________
(become)
an
astronaut.
（表语）
13.
On
Sundays,
he
always
has
a
lot
of
letters
__________
(write).
（定语）
14.
She
raised
her
voice____________
(hear)
well.
（状语）
15.
The
teacher
encouraged
the
students
_________
(take)
active
part
in
some
outdoor
activities.
(ask/tell/order/advise
sb.
to
do
sth.)
（补语）
用不定式补全下列句子
1.
爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。
_______________
are
both
great
happiness.
2.
中国人民决不会征服。
The
Chinese
people
refuse
_______________
3.
他们获悉他已被警方逮捕。
They
knew
him
____________
(arrest)
by
the
police.
4.
根据报道他们已安全到达。
They
are
reported
____________________.
5.
我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。
I
want
this
bike
_________________________.
6.
玛利仿佛已经被告之这件事了。
Mary
seemed
____________________________.
7.
众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。
He
is
known
________________
a
gold
medal
at
the
Olympic.
8.
为了周游世界，他需要学习一些外语。
_________________,
he
needs
to
learn
some
foreign
languages.
9.
这是由中国工程师首次设计工程项目。
It
is
____________
by
Chinese
engineers.
10.
信息技术发展如此之快，很难预测在将来的二十年计算机能够做什么。
The
IT
technology
is
developing
so
fast
that
_____
in
the
next
20
years.
汉译英
（注意不定式的使用）
1.
那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘它的美丽。（It
……）（2003上海高考）
2.
我发现很难与那些固执己见的人合作。（…it…）（2004上海高考）
3.
这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。(too
…
to)
(2004上海高考)
4.
你最好乘出租车去电影节的开幕式，不然就要迟到了。
(2005上海高考)
5.
这款手机样式新颖、携带方面，深受年轻人的欢迎。
(2005上海高考)
6.
为了保持健康，我们经常参加体育锻炼。(To…)
（2006上海春考）
7.
物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail)
（2006上海春考）
8.
我忘了提醒他面试的时间。(remind)
（2007上海高考）
9.
他设法把游客及时送到了机场。
(manage)
（2008上海高考）
10.
你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会?
(possible)
（2008上海高考）
高考核心词汇检测
I
have
formed
the
_________of
jogging
every
early
morning.
A.
hall
B.
handle
C.
habit
D.
hobby
I
didn’t
____
for
a
moment
about
taking
the
job.
A.
beg
B.
hesitate
C.
desire
D.
hunt
The
lorry
driver
was
badly
_____
when
his
lorry
crashed
into
a
wall.
A.
harvested
B.
hit
C.
hurt
D.
hurried
It
was
a
long
time
before
the
cut
on
my
hand
_____
completely.
A.
healed
B.
hooked
C.
improved
D.
recovered
Please
remember
the
_____moment
when
he
came
back
to
mainland
after
60
years.
A.
holy
B.
historic
C.humble
D.
honorable
At
the
__________
of
four
miles,
the
air
becomes
too
thin
to
breathe.
A.
headline
B.
horizon
C.
height
D.
hovercraft
The
match
is
likely
to
be
one
of
the
________
of
the
tournament.
headlines
B.
highlights
C.
deadlines
D.
hints
Under
the
pressure
from
society,
the
terrorists
released
the
_________
at
last.
A.
gossips
B.
hostages
C.
harbours
D.
housewives
He
spoke
_________
of
the
novel
and
he
almost
worshipped
the
ground
the
author.
A.
heavily
B.
lightly
C.
highly
D.
luckily
He
did
so
badly
in
this
exam
that
he
decided
to
_________
the
score
form
his
parents.
A.
grant
B.
hire
C.
hold
D.
hide
She
won
the
first
winter
Olympic
gold
medal
for
our
motherland.
What
a
_____it
was!
A.
honour
B.
humour
C.
horror
D.
heaven
We
must
try
to
live
in
peace
and
_________
with
ourselves
and
those
around
us.
A.
haste
B.hibernation
C.
horizon
D.
harmony
Drinking
may
make
a
person
feel
relaxed
and
happy,
or
it
may
make
her
_________,
violent,
or
depressed.
A.
handicapped
B.hollow
C.
hostile
D.
hospitable
Many
companies
have
their
_________
in
New
York.
A.hardships
B.headquarters
C.
highlights
D.
hurricanes
They
went
on
a
ten-mile
________
through
the
forest.
A.hike
B.hostess
C.
helmet
D.
heroine
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Reading
involves
looking
at
illustrative
symbols
and
expressing
mentally
the
sounds
and
ideas
they
represent.
Concepts
of
reading
have
changed
50
over
the
centuries.
During
the
1950’s
and
1960’s
especially,
increased
attention
has
been
devoted
to
51
the
reading
process.
Although
experts
agree
that
reading
52
a
complex
organization
of
higher
mental
53
,
they
disagree
about
the
exact
nature
of
the
process.
Some
experts,
who
regard
language
primarily
as
a
code
using
symbols
to
represent
sounds,
54
reading
as
simply
the
decoding（解码）of
symbols
into
the
sounds
they
stand
for.
These
authorities
55
that
meaning,
being
concerned
with
thinking,
must
be
taught
independently
of
the
decoding
process.
Others
maintain
that
reading
is
inexplainably
related
to
thinking,
and
that
a
child
who
pronounces
sounds
without
56
their
meaning
is
not
truly
reading.
The
reader,
57
some,
is
not
just
a
person
with
a
theoretical
ability
to
read
but
one
who
58
reads.
Many
adults,
although
they
have
the
ability
to
read,
have
never
read
a
book
in
its
59
.
By
some
experts
they
would
not
be
60
as
readers.
Clearly,
the
philosophy,
objectives,
methods
and
materials
of
reading
will
depend
on
the
definition
one
use.
By
the
most
61
and
satisfactory
definition,
reading
is
the
ability
to
62
the
sound-symbols
code
of
the
language,
to
interpret
meaning
for
various
63
,
at
various
rates,
and
at
various
levels
of
difficulty,
and
to
do
so
widely
and
enthusiastically.
64
,
reading
is
the
interpretation
of
ideas
through
the
use
of
symbols
representing
sounds
and
ideas.
50.
A.
specifically
B.
dramatically
C.
abstractly
D.
ridiculously
51.
A.
understanding
B.
translating
C.
defining
D.
substituting
52.
A.
involves
B.
concentrates
C.
specializes
D.
analyzes
53.
A.
opinions
B.
effects
C.
manners
D.
functions
54.
A.
view
B.
look
C.
reassure
D.
agree
55.
A.
support
B.
argue
C.
attempt
D.
compete
56.
A.
interpreting
B.
saying
C.
reciting
D.
reading
57.
A.
in
addition
to
B.
for
example
C.
according
to
D.
such
as
58.
A.
completely
B.
carefully
C.
publically
D.
actually
59.
A.
part
B.
whole
C.
standard
D.
straight
60.
A.
applied
B.
granted
C.
classified
D.
graded
61.
A.
instructive
B.
doubtful
C.
certain
D.
complicated
62.
A.
strike
B.
illustrate
C.
define
D.
unlock
63.
A.
purposes
B.
degrees
C.
stages
D.
steps
64.
A.
On
the
other
hand
B.
In
short
C.
By
the
way
D.
So
far
Section
B
Over
the
past
century,
all
kinds
of
unfairness
and
discrimination
have
been
condemned
or
made
illegal.
But
one
evil
form
continues
to
thrive：
alphabetism.
This,
for
those
as
yet
unaware
of
such
a
disadvantage,
refers
to
discrimination
against
those
whose
surnames
begin
with
a
letter
in
the
lower
half
of
the
alphabet.
It
has
long
been
known
that
a
taxi
firm
called
A
AAA
cars
has
a
big
advantage
over
Zodiac
cars
when
customers
thumb
through
their
phone
directories.
Less
well
known
is
the
advantage
that
Adam
Abbott
has
in
life
over
Zoe
Zysman.
English
names
are
fairly
evenly
spread
between
the
halves
of
the
alphabet.
Yet
a
suspiciously
large
number
of
top
people
have
surnames
beginning
with
letters
between
A
and
K.
Thus
the
American
president
and
vice-president
have
surnames
starting
with
B
and
C
respectively;
and
26
of
George
Bush’s
predecessors
(including
his
father)
have
surnames
in
the
first
half
of
the
alphabet
against
just
16
in
the
second
half.
Even
more
striking,
six
of
the
seven
heads
of
government
of
the
G7
rich
countries
are
alphabetically
advantaged
(Berlusconi,
Blair,
Bush,
Chirac,
Chretien
and
Koizumi).
The
world’s
three
top
central
bankers
(Greenspan,
Duisenberg
and
Hayami)
are
all
close
to
the
top
of
the
alphabet,
even
if
one
of
them
really
uses
Japanese
characters.
As
are
the
world’s
five
richest
men
(Gates,
Buffett,
Alien,
Ellison
and
Albrecht).
Can
this
merely
be
coincidence?
One
theory,
dreamt
up
in
all
the
spare
time
enjoyed
by
the
alphabetically
disadvantaged,
is
that
the
rot
sets
in
early.
At
the
start
of
the
first
year
in
infant
school,
teachers
seat
pupils
alphabetically
from
the
front,
to
make
it
easier
to
remember
their
names.
So
short-sighted
Zysman
junior
gets
stuck
in
the
back
row,
and
is
rarely
asked
the
improving
questions
posed
by
those
insensitive
teachers.
At
the
time
the
alphabetically
disadvantaged
may
think
they
have
had
a
lucky
escape.
Yet
the
result
may
be
worse
qualifications,
because
they
get
less
individual
attention,
as
well
as
less
confidence
in
speaking
publicly.
The
humiliation
continues.
At
university
graduation
ceremonies,
the
ABCs
proudly
get
their
awards
first；by
the
time
they
reach
the
Zysmans
most
people
are
literally
having
a
ZZZ.
Shortlists
for
job
interviews,
election
ballot
papers,
lists
of
conference
speakers
and
attendees：
all
tend
to
be
drawn
up
alphabetically,
and
their
recipients
lose
interest
as
they
plough
through
them.
63.
What
does
the
author
intend
to
show
with
AAAA
cars
and
Zodiac
cars?
A.
An
example
of
competition
of
two
kinds
of
cars.
B.
Some
advantages
of
AAAA
cars
in
the
taxi
firm.
C.
An
example
of
unfairness
caused
by
alphabetism.
D.
Some
disadvantages
of
Zodiac
cars
in
the
taxi
firm.
64.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
first
three
paragraphs?
A.
The
alphabet
is
to
blame
for
the
failure
of
Zoe
Zysman.
B.
In
both
East
and
West,
names
are
important
to
success.
C.
Customers
often
pay
a
lot
of
attention
to
companies’
names.
D.
The
discrimination
in
alphabetism
can
be
found
in
many
areas.
65.
What
does
the
author
mean
by
“most
people
are
literally
having
a
ZZZ”?
A.
They
are
getting
impatient.
B.
They
are
noisily
dozing
off.
C.
They
are
feeling
humiliated.
D.
They
are
busy
with
word
puzzles.
66.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
VIPs
in
the
Western
world
gain
a
great
deal
from
alphabetism.
B.
People
with
surnames
beginning
with
N
to
Z
are
often
misunderstood.
C.
Putting
things
alphabetically
may
lead
to
unintentional
unfairness.
D.
The
movement
to
get
rid
of
alphabetism
still
has
a
long
way
to
go.
Section
C
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
A.
This
phenomenon
is
often
missing
from
development
projects
promoted
as
green
or
sustainable.
B.
This
phenomenon
has
variously
been
called
environmental,
eco-or
green
gentrification.
C.
Greening
and
environmental
cleanup
do
not
automatically
or
necessarily
lead
to
gentrification.
D.
This
creates
pressure
to
rezone
industrial
land
for
residential
towers
or
profitable
commercial
space,
in
exchange
for
developer-funded
cleanup.
E.
But
it
can
drive
up
real
estate
prices
and
displace
low-
and
middle-income
residents.
F.
Environmental
gentrification
naturalizes
the
disappearance
of
manufacturing
and
the
working
class.
Sustainable
Cities
Need
More
Than
Parks,
Cafes
and
a
Riverwalk
There
are
many
standards
that
aim
to
rank
how
green
cities
are.
But
what
does
it
actually
mean
for
a
city
to
be
green
or
sustainable?
We’ve
written
about
what
we
call
the
“parks,
cafes
and
a
riverwalk”
model
of
sustainability,
which
focuses
on
providing
new
green
spaces,
mainly
for
high-income
people.
This
vision
of
shiny
residential
towers
and
waterfront
parks
has
become
a
widely-shared
conception
of
what
green
cities
should
look
like.
67
Gentrification(住宅高档化)
has
become
a
catch-all
term
used
to
describe
neighborhood
change,
and
is
often
misunderstood
as
the
only
path
to
neighborhood
improvement.
In
fact,
its
defining
feature
is
displacement.
Typically,
people
who
move
into
these
changing
neighborhoods
are
wealthier
and
more
educated
than
residents
who
are
displaced.
A
recent
flood
of
new
research
has
focused
on
the
displacement
effects
of
environmental
cleanup
and
green
space
initiatives.
68
Land
for
new
development
and
resources
to
fund
extensive
cleanup
of
poisonous
sites
are
scarce
in
many
cities.
69
And
in
neighborhoods
where
gentrification
has
already
begun,
a
new
park
or
farmers
market
can
worsen
the
problem
by
making
the
area
even
more
attractive
to
potential
high-income
people
and
pricing
out
long-term
residents.
In
some
cases,
developers
even
create
temporary
community
gardens
or
farmers
markets
or
promise
more
green
space
than
they
eventually
deliver,
in
order
to
market
a
neighborhood
to
buyers
looking
for
green
pleasantness.
70
It
makes
deindustrialization
seem
both
inevitable
and
desirable,
often
by
quite
literally
replacing
industry
with
more
natural-looking
landscapes.
When
these
neighborhoods
are
finally
cleaned
up,
after
years
of
activism
by
longtime
residents,
those
advocates
often
are
unable
to
stay
and
enjoy
the
benefits
of
their
efforts.
Section
D
【不定式过关练习】
1.
In
the
eastern
Chinese
city
of
Suzhou,
____
people
swarm（云集）
during
Mid-Autumn
Festival
and
the
National
Day
holiday
____
(buy)
Yangcheng
Lake
crabs,
a
luxurious
delicacy
that
always
serve
as
the
best
holiday
gift
for
government
officials,
crab
sellers
are
worried
they
will
not
attract
enough
customers
this
year.
2.
______(keep)
up
their
work,
they
must
read
letters,
reports,
newspapers.......In
getting
a
job
or
advancing
in
one,
the
ability_____
(read)
and
comprehend
quickly
can
mean
the
difference
between
success
and
failure.
3.
Columbus
first
set
sail
in
1492,
when
working
for
the
King
and
Queen
of
Spain.
His
goal
was
_______(discover)
a
passage
to
Asia.
4.
The
U.S.
Market
for
“advanced
remote
patient
monitoring”,
______
includes
not
just
video
conferencing,
but
also
the
ability
_______(monitor)
patient
care
remotely
and
link
to
a
March
report
by
Kalorama
Information.
5.
The
play
____________
(produce)next
month
aims
mainly
to
reflect
the
local
culture.
6.
现在在会议上讨论的问题过两周表决(vote)。(be
to
do)
7.
你觉得我们队有赢这场篮球比赛的可能吗？(expect)
这些广告旨在吸引消费者购买商品。（appeal）
发现学生下午昏昏欲睡的样子，老师竭尽所能来激发他们的兴趣。（arouse）
为了拯救那些禽流感患者，医生们日夜工作，废寝忘食。（bird
flu）
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