Unit
4
History
and
traditions
介绍一个地方
描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方总体上属于介绍事物的说明文。它的要点内容可包括：地理位置、面积、人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。
时态应以现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。
[基本框架]
开头：介绍该地方的基本信息(位置，面积等)；
主体：描述该地方的一些具体信息(著名的地方，与众不同之处)；
结尾：作者对此地点的感受或总结陈述以吸引读者去旅游。
[常用词块]
1．...is/lies/is
located/is
situated＋地点状语 某地位于……
2．...is/lies＋数词＋metres
above
sea
level某地海拔为……
3．...is
surrounded
by...……周围被……环绕
4．...be
very/quite/extremely
cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/rainy/mild...all
the
year
round某地气候终年寒冷/炎热/温暖/干燥/潮湿/日光充足/多雨/温和……
5．...is
rich
in...，like/such
as...……盛产/富于……例如/像……
6．...is
famous/well?known
for...……以……著名
7．...has
a
(long)history
of...……有……年的(悠久)历史
8．...dates/goes
back
to...……可追溯到……
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．It
is
located/lies
in...，with
an
area
of...
2．It
covers
an
area
of...，with
a
history
of...
3．...，located
in...and
covering
an
area
of...，is
one
of
China's
most
famous
scenic
spots.
4．The
history
of...dates
back
to...
5．It
has
become
the
most
popular
tourist
attraction
since...
★正文佳句
1．There
are
many
places
of
interest，such
as...
2．You
can
enjoy...，which
has
a
high
reputation
both
at
home
and
abroad.
3．With...，...is/are
attracting
more
and
more
tourists.
4．An
interesting
feature
of...is...
5．With
its
pleasant
climate，rich
natural
resources
and
beautiful
scenery，...is
one
of
China's
major
tourist
cities.
6．A
trip
along...will
enable
you
to
get
to
know...
★余味结尾
1．...is
well
worth
visiting.
2．...is
a
place
you
have
to
visit
and
the
extraordinary
view
will
make
you
unwilling
to
leave.
假定你是英国学生Harry，有一位中国笔友Li
Hua想了解一下你的家乡爱丁堡，请你根据提示回复一封电子邮件。
爱丁堡
苏格兰(Scotland)的首府，政治和文化中心
人口
约50万
面积
260平方千米(square
kilometres)
地理位置
苏格兰的东南部
交通
公共交通十分便利
天气
气候温和(mild
climate)
旅游
最受欢迎的旅游城市之一；古老建筑众多
注意：词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
Li
Hua，
Today
I'm
writing
to
tell
you
something
about
Edinburgh
which
you
asked
about
in
the
last
e?mail.
Yours
faithfully，
Harry
[参考范文]
Dear
Li
Hua，
Today
I'm
writing
to
tell
you
something
about
Edinburgh
which
you
asked
about
in
the
last
e?mail.
Edinburgh，located
in
the
southeast
of
Scotland，is
the
capital
of
Scotland
as
well
as
its
political
and
cultural
centre.It
covers
an
area
of
260
square
kilometres
with
a
small
population
of
about
five
hundred
thousand.In
the
city,
you
can
easily
get
wherever
you
are
going，using
public
transport.Close
to
seaside，Edinburgh
has
a
mild
climate，which
makes
it
one
of
the
most
popular
tourism
cities
in
the
UK.What's
more，what
makes
it
unique
is
its
splendid
ancient
buildings
standing
along
streets.
I
would
be
happy
to
guide
you
around
our
city
if
you
would
arrange
a
visit
here.
Yours
faithfully，
Harry
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
4
History
and
traditions
名言潮语1.Road
is
stepped
out，history
is
written.Every
step
of
man
is
writing
his
own
history.路是脚踏出来的，历史是人写出来的。人类的每一步都在书写自己的历史。2.Few
will
have
the
greatness
to
bend
history
itself；but
each
of
us
can
work
to
change
a
small
portion
of
events，and
in
the
total；of
all
those
acts
will
be
written
the
history
of
this
generation.很少有人能够改变历史本身，但我们每个人都能努力改变一小部分事件，而且总的来说，所有这些行为都将被书写成这一代人的历史。3.History，showing
us
the
life
of
nations，has
nothing
to
record
save
wars
and
revolutions：the
peaceful
years
appear
only
as
brief
pauses
or
interludes，scattered
here
and
there.
—Schopenhauer历史告诉我们一些国家的生活，它除了记载战争和革命之外别无其他。和平年代仅是出现在各地的短暂间歇。
——叔本华4.The
value
of
culture
is
its
effect
on
character.It
avails
nothing
unless
it
ennobles
and
strengthens
that.Its
use
is
for
life.Its
aim
is
not
beauty
but
goodness.(Somerset
Maugham，British
novelist
and
dramatist)文化的价值在于它对人类品性的影响。它一无是处，除非文化能使品性变为高尚、有力。文化的作用在于裨益人生，它的目标不是美，而是善。(英国小说家和戏剧家 毛姆)5.The
triumph
of
culture
is
to
overpower
nationality.—Emerson文化的胜利在于超越了国籍。
——爱默生
诗歌赏读On
changesIrene
DunlapChange
is
the
only
absolutein
the
world，the
only
thingthat
you
can
depend
on.Nothing
stays
the
same.Tomorrow
will
come，bringing
with
itnew
beginnings
and
sometimesunexpected
endings.You
can
hold
on
to
the
pastand
get
left
in
the
dust；or，you
can
choose
tojump
on
the
ride
of
lifeand
live
a
new
adventurewith
perseveranceand
an
open
mind.论变化艾琳·邓莱普变化是世界上唯一绝对的东西，是唯一你能相信的事情。没有什么能一成不变，明天将来临，它会带来新的开始，并且有时还会带来意想不到的结局。你可以抓住过去，蒙受遗弃；或者，你可以选择跃上生命之车进行一次新的冒险，凭借坚持不懈和广阔的胸怀。
美文欣赏The
Polish
take
great
pride
in
their
culture.Our
culture
has
many
different
customs
and
traditions.I
will
discuss
three
of
these
traditions
and
customs.The
Polish
will
say“Dziekuje”(“thank
you”)only
after
receiving
their
change.What
I
mean
by
this
is
that
when
you
are
in
Poland，you
should
wait
to
say“thank
you”until
after
you
have
been
given
your
change
back.If
you
do
not，you
are
telling
cashiers(收银员)that
they
can
“keep
the
change”．Often，people
visiting
Poland
will
feel
that
things
are
very
expensive，until
they
learn
that
they
are
giving
the
store
clerk
permission
to
keep
the
money
that
would
have
been
given
back.Polish
people
break“bread”with
their
families
during
their
Christmas
Eve
meal.The
Christmas
Eve
celebration
starts
with
the
breaking
of
the
Oplatek，which
is
a
thin
piece
of“bread”．In
my
family，the
eldest
in
the
family
(my
grandfather)takes
the
big
Oplatek
and
breaks
it
into
large
pieces
that
he
then
hands
down
to
each
of
his
four
children
(my
aunt，uncles，and
father).Then，these
family
members
break
their
pieces
into
smaller
sizes
and
pass
them
out
to
their
own
children.Once
the
last
piece
is
passed
down
to
the
youngest，we
say
a
prayer(做祷告)and
eat
the
piece
of
thin
bread.Polish
people
celebrate“Imieniny”，or
Name's
Day.This
day
is
more
important
than
one's
birthday.They
often
name
their
children
after
a
saint(圣徒)whose
day
is
closest
to
the
date
that
they
were
born
on.Then
their
saint's
day
that
they
were
named
after
becomes
their“new”birthday.On
Name's
Day，families
and
friends
gather
together
and
enjoy
a
variety
of
food，drinking，and
dancing.As
you
can
see，Poland
has
a
few
very
unique
traditions
and
customs.I
honor
my
Polish
culture
and
will
pass
it
on
to
my
own
children
because
it
is
important
to
know
one's
own
culture.
[探索发现]1.Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
passage.
2.Find
out
who
will
give
author
“bread”．
3.Find
out
what
the
author
thinks
of
Polish
traditions
and
customs.
[答案] 1.Three
traditions
and
customs
of
Poland.2.His
father.3.He
feels
proud
of
them.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
4
History
and
traditions
阅读“Reading
2”中的材料，选出最佳选项。
1．What
makes
the
Irish
countryside
exciting
and
inspiring?
A.Its
long
history.
B．Its
great
literature.
C．Its
different
senses.
D．Its
true
feast.
2．The
peaceful
landscape
of
the
“Emerald
Isle”
is
．
A．pleasing
to
the
eyes
B．exciting
to
the
ears
C．pleasing
to
the
mouths
D．exciting
to
the
noses.
3．Where
can
you
enjoy
Irish
strong
traditions?
A．In
the
library.
B．In
a
village
pub.
C．By
the
sea.
D．On
the
coast.
4．What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A．Ireland's
beautiful
countryside.
B．Irish
traditions
and
culture.
C．Irish
great
writers
and
poets.
D．Ireland's
folk
music
and
dancing.
[答案] 1－4 CABB
Words
And
Phrases
charge
n．收费；指控；主管
vt.收费；控告；充电
(教材P42)Judy
and
I
had
our
car
parked
in
an
underground
car
park
near
Trafalgar
Square，where
we
could
get
our
car
battery
charged.
朱迪和我把我们的汽车停在特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。
[例1] The
man
who
had
taken
charge
of
the
company
was
charged
with
taking
drugs.
曾经掌管这家公司的那个人被指控吸毒。
[例2] Children
are
free
of
charge
during
festivals.
节日期间儿童免费。
[造句]她向我收取2美元的上网费。
She
charged
me
two
dollars
for
surfing
the
Internet.
[知识拓展]
(1)charge
sb.
money
for(doing)sth.
因(做)某事向某人收取费用
charge
sb.
with
(doing)sth.
控告某人(做)某事
(2)free
of
charge
免费
take
charge
of
主管/负责……
in
charge
of
负责/掌管……
in
the
charge
of
由……负责
[即学即练]
单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'm
not
going
there
again，because
they
charged
me
1
pound
for
a
cup
of
coffee!
②She
takes
charge
of
the
day?to?day
running
of
the
business.
③You're
responsible
to
whoever
is
in
charge
of
sales.
④Our
class
is
in
the
charge
of
our
class
teacher.
我们班由班主任管理。
amount
n．金额；数量
(教材P42)We
found
ourselves
very
surprised
by
the
large
number
of
visitors
and
the
amount
of
noise
at
the
entrance
of
the
National
Gallery.
我们发现自己对国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和噪音感到非常惊讶。
[例1] A
large
amount
of
money
is
spent
on
tobacco
every
year.
每年在烟草上花大量的钱。
[例2] Your
monthly
salary
amounts
to
$1，500.
你的月薪总计一千五百美元。
[造句]大笔的钱用在了这座桥上。
Large
amounts
of
money
were
spent
on
the
bridge.
[知识拓展]
(1)a/an(large/good)amount
of＋不可数名词
许多……
作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式
(large)amounts
of＋不可数名词
许多……
作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
the
amount
of
……的数量
(2)amount
to
总计为；相当于
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①Joe
has
spent
quite
an
amount
of
energy
on
his
English.
②A
large
amount
of
water
is
wasted
every
day.
③Large
amounts
of
money
have(have)been
wasted.
approach
n．方法；途径；接近
vt.接近；接洽；着手处理
vi.靠近
(教材P42)It
was
hard
to
approach
the
painting
as
there
were
so
many
people
around.
周围有那么多人，所以很难接近那幅画。
[例1] We
heard
the
sound
of
an
approaching
car/a
car
approaching.
我们听见一辆小汽车驶近的声音。
[例2] What's
the
best
way
of
approaching
this
problem?
什么是处理这个问题的最佳方式？
[造句]他鼓励我们找到问题的解决办法。
He
inspired
us
to
find
the
approach
to
solving
the
problem.
[知识拓展]
(1)make
an
approach
to
与……进行首次商谈
(2)the
approach
to(doing)sth.
(做)某事的方法/途径
(3)the
approach
of
sth.
某事的来临
at
one's
approach
在某人快到时
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①Approaching(approach)the
city
centre，we
saw
a
stone
statue
of
about
10
meters
in
height.
②Facing
up
to
your
problems
is
the
best
approach
to
working(work)things
out.
③People
are
busy
shopping
at
the
approach
of
the
Christmas
Day.
④Absorbed
in
painting，John
didn't
notice
evening
approaching(approach).
eager
adj.热切的；渴望的
(教材P43)I
was
eager
to
see
that...
我很想看到……
[例1] He
is
always
eager
for
new
experiences
and
ever?willing
to
experiment.
他总是渴望拥有新的经历，而且永远愿意尝试。
[例2] They
were
only
too
eager
to
help
us.
他们急切地想帮助我们。
[造句]他热切希望你见见他的朋友。
He
is
eager
for
you
to
meet
his
friends.
[知识拓展]
be
eager
for/about/after
渴望；渴求；争取
be
eager
(for
sb.)to
do
sth.
急欲或渴望(某人)做某事
[即学即练]
单句语法填空/同义句改写
①Now
she
was
back，and
eager
to
see(see)her
friends.
②I
am
eager
for
the
performance
to
begin(begin).
③The
head
is
eager
that
all
the
workers
should
come
in
time.
→The
head
is
eager
for
all
the
workers
to
come
in
time.
greet
vt.问候；迎接
(教材P44)On
a
quiet
morning
in
the
mountains，feel
the
sun
on
your
skin，and
breathe
in
the
sweet
scent
of
fresh
flowers
while
birds
greet
the
new
day
with
their
morning
song.
在山中一个安静的早晨，太阳照在你的皮肤上，呼吸清新的花香，鸟儿用他们的晨歌迎接新的一天。
[例1] The
movie
star
was
greeted
with
cheers
from
his
fans.
这位电影明星迎来了粉丝们的欢呼。
[例2] People
greeted
to
the
heroes
with
flowers
in
their
hands.
人们手持鲜花向英雄们致敬。
[造句]客人到达时他都热情招待。
He
greeted
all
the
guests
warmly
as
they
arrived.
[知识拓展]
(1)greet
(to)sb.
with
sth.
以……向某人问候；以……向某人致敬
(2)greeting
n.
问候；致意；祝贺；迎接
wave
greeting
挥手致意
(3)be
greeted
as
被当作……欢迎
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①Greeting(greet)cards
are
easily
made
at
home
by
using
pen
and
paper
or
software.
②There
are
many
different
ways
to
greet(greet)someone
using
words.
③She
was
greeted
as
a
hero.
④His
speech
was
greeted(greet)with
a
storm
of
applause.
⑤He
nodded
greetings(greet)to
Ann
and
Michael
and
shook
hands
with
Burke.
crowd
n．人群；一群人；民众
vt.挤满；使……拥挤
(教材P46)Dave
could
not
find
a
seat
in
the
room.It
was
very
crowded.
戴夫在房间里找不到座位。那里非常拥挤。
[例1] After
seeing
the
report，problems
about
the
company
crowded
into
my
head/crowded
in
on
me.
看了这份报告后，很多有关公司的问题涌上我的心头。
[例2] People
crowded
into
the
newly?opened
supermarket
to
go
shopping.
人们涌入那家新开的超市去购物。
[造句]公共汽车上挤满了乘客。
The
bus
was
crowded
with
passengers.
[知识拓展]
(1)crowd
in
(想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd
into
one's
mind/head＝
crowd
in
on
sb.
涌上心头；涌入脑海
a
crowd
of
一群……
crowd
into...
涌入/挤进……
(2)crowded
adj.
拥挤的；挤满的；塞满的
be
crowded
with
挤满了
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①When
I
saw
the
terrible
scene，many
problems
crowded
into
my
mind.
②They
noticed
a
crowd
of
sharks
swimming
in
the
sea.
③It
is
always
crowded
with
customers
at
meal
time.
[小片段填空]
The
crowd
crowded
into
the
crowded
town
hall.
人群涌入了拥挤的市政大厅。
Sentence
Pattern
with复合结构
(教材P44)The
peaceful
landscape
of
the
“Emerald
Isle”
and
its
many
green
counties
is
a
true
feast
for
the
eyes，with
its
rolling
green
hills
dotted
with
sheep
and
cattle．
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
[句式分析]
with复合结构由“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”组成，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情形：
with＋名词(或代词)＋
[例1] He
placed
a
fixed
sun
at
the
centre
of
the
solar
system
with
the
planets
going
round
it
and
only
the
moon
still
going
round
the
earth.(伴随状语)
他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。
[例2] With
so
many
people
absent，the
meeting
has
to
be
postponed.
既然这么多人没有来，会议只好延期了。(原因状语)
[造句]有许多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。
With
a
lot
of
work
to
do，he
wasn't
allowed
to
go
out.
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①With
winter
coming(come)on，it's
time
to
buy
warm
clothes.
②With
all
the
things
she
needed
bought(buy)，she
went
home
happily.
③With
nothing
to
do(do)，Tom
sleeps
at
home.
④With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
to
settle(settle)，the
manager
feels
very
worried.
⑤All
the
day
she
studied
with
the
door
closed(close).
读图(Read
a
map)
阅读时通过读图可以从其中获取相关的信息，了解某方面的情况。读图时要注意分析其中的细节，找出所设题的答案。
[例题分析]
Arriving
in
New
YorkThere
are
three
airports
in
New
York.When
you
arrive
at
one
of
them，you
can
take
a
bus
or
a
taxi
to
any
place
in
New
York.
Eating
outThere
are
many
kinds
of
food
in
New
York.And
you
shouldn't
eat
at
McDonald's
every
day.There
are
good
restaurants
in
Little
Italy
and
Chinatown，for
example.
HotelsThere
are
lots
of
good
hotels
in
New
York.The
best
is
the
Plaza
on
the
5th
Avenue，but
you
don't
have
to
spend
a
lot
in
the
city，there
are
lots
of
smaller
hotels
and
the
YMCA
near
the
Central
Park
is
great
for
young
people.
Public
TransportIn
New
York，there's
a
good
bus
and
subway
service.If
you
are
planning
to
use
the
subway
a
lot，you
should
buy
a
subway
ticket
for
the
journey
because
it's
cheaper.But
you
don't
have
to
use
the
public
transport—there
are
lots
of
places
you
can
go
to
on
foot，such
as
the
Empire
State
Building,
the
5th
Avenue
and
the
Central
Park.The
New
Taxis
are
a
part
of
the
city
experience，so
you
should
take
at
least
one
taxi
during
your
visit！
Places
to
seeFinally，there
are
a
lot
of
places
to
see
in
New
York－the
Times
Square，the
Statue
of
Liberty，and
so
on.And
you
shouldn't
go
home
without
climbing
the
Statue
of
Liberty
to
enjoy
the
scenery
of
the
city.
ShoppingShopping
in
New
York
is
fun.There
are
big
shops
on
the
5th
Avenue.They
are
seven
days
a
week.But
be
careful
when
you
look
at
the
prices；you
have
to
pay
a
special
8%
tax(税)on
everything
you
buy
in
New
York.
方法技巧：
读图时，主要从两方面入手：一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容；二是推敲文、图、画、语言或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。
★When
you
visit
New
York，You
should
．
A．eat
at
McDonald's
every
day
B．take
a
taxi
whenever
you
go
C．stay
at
the
best
hotel
D．climb
the
Statue
of
Liberty
D [细节理解题。根据Places
to
see部分中“And
you
shouldn't
go
home
without
climbing
the
Statue
of
Liberty
to
enjoy
the
scenery
of
the
city.”应该爬爬自由女神像，在那里你能看到整个纽约，故选D。]
[即学即练]
A
famous
magazine，Amusement
Today，does
a
survey
among
park
lovers
every
year
both
in
the
US
and
overseas，based
on
which，“Top
5
List
of
the
Best
Amusement
Parks
in
the
World”has
come
out
as
follows：
Disneyland，California
Disneyland
is
a
theme
park
in
Anaheim，California，the
US.More
than
515
million
guests
have
travelled
to
this
American
landmark
from
around
the
world
since
the
park
first
opened
to
guests
on
July
17，1955.The
park
consists
of
many
world?famous
sections，such
as
Main
Street，Adventure
Land，New
Orleans
Square，and
so
on.
Magic
Kingdom，Disney
World，Florida
Magic
Kingdom
is
a
theme
park
within
the
Walt
Disney
World
Resort
in
Lake
Buena
Vista，Florida,
near
Orlando
opened
on
October
1，1971.It
is
the
most
famous
theme
park
in
Florida.The
park's
design
and
attractions
don't
make
much
difference
from
Disneyland
Park
in
Anaheim.
EPCOT，Disney
World，Florida
EPCOT
is
the
second
theme
park
built
at
the
Walt
Disney
World
Resort
near
Orlando，Florida.The
park
opened
on
October
1，1982，and
was
named
EPCOT
Center
from
1982
to
1993.It
was
the
largest
Disney
theme
park
in
the
world
until
1998，when
Disney's
Animal
Kingdom
opened.
Disney?MGM
Studios，Florida
MGM's
streets
are
the
home
for
some
great
movie?themed
attractions
with
a
history
of
less
than
30
years.With
the
addition
of
the
Twilight
Zone
Tower
of
Terror
and
the
Rock
and
Roller
Coaster，the
park
is
now
home
to
Disney
World's
most
thrilling
rides.
Universal
Studios，Florida
Go
behind
the
scenes，beyond
the
screen
and
jump
right
into
the
action
of
your
favorite
movies
at
Universal
Studios，the
number
one
movie
and
TV
theme
park
in
the
world.
★Which
of
the
following
theme
parks
have
similar
attractions?
A．Disneyland
&
Universal
Studios.
B．EPCOT
&
Disney?MGM
Studios.
C．Disneyland
&
Magic
Kingdom.
D．Magic
Kingdom
&
Universal
Studios.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The
park's
design
and
attractions
don't
make
much
difference
from
Disneyland
Park
in
Anaheim.”并结合其所在段落的标题“Magic
Kingdom，Disney
World，Florida”可知，Disneyland&Magic
Kingdom有相似的景点。故C选项正确。]
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
4
History
and
traditions
1．defend
vt.保护；保卫；为……辩护→defence
n．防御；保卫
2．evident
adj.明显的；明白的→evidence
n．证据；证明
3．achieve
vt.完成；成就；取得→achievement
n．成就；成绩；达到
4．surround
vt.围绕；包围→surrounding
adj.周围的→surroundings
n．周围的事物；环境
5．locate
v．确定……的地点→location
n．地方；地点；位置
6．legal
adj.法律的；合法的→illegal
adj.非法的
7．greet
vt.问候；迎接→greeting
n．问候；迎接
1．individual
adj.单独的；个别的；独特的；与众不同的
n．个人；与众不同的人；有个性的人
①The
competition
is
open
to
both
teams
and
individuals.n.个人
②She
has
her
own
individual
style
of
doing
things.adj.独特的
③A
teacher
can't
give
individual
attention
to
each
pupil
if
his
class
is
large.adj.单独的
2．chief
adj.最重要的；最高级别的；总的；主要的
n．族长；酋长；主管人员；(公司或机构的)首领
①He
married
off
his
daughter
to
the
local
chief.n．首领
②Don
was
appointed
chief
engineer
of
the
project.
adj.总的
③The
chief
reason
for
going
to
school
is
to
learn.adj.主要的
Words
And
Phrases
join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
(教材P40)In
the
16th
century，the
nearby
country
of
Wales
was
joined
to
the
Kingdom
of
England.
16世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。
[例1] The
island
is
joined
to
the
mainland
by
a
bridge.
岛上有座桥与大陆相连。
[例2] How
can
we
join
this
island
and
that
one?
我们怎样才能将这个岛和那个岛连接起来？
[造句]因特网把每个个体和团体都连接起来。
Every
individual
or
group
is
joined
to
the
world
by
the
Internet.
[知识拓展]
join
in
参加；加入
join
sb.
in
(doing)sth.
加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事
join
the
club/army/party
加入俱乐部/参军/入党
join
up(with
sb.)
(与某人)联合，会合
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①We
joined
point
A
to
point
B
in
a
straight
line.
②We
plan
to
join
up
with
the
other
climbers
on
the
other
side
of
the
mountain.
③Everybody
has
to
join
in
the
training.
break
away
(from
sb./sth.)
脱离；背叛；逃脱
(教材P40)Finally，in
the
20th
century，the
southern
part
of
Ireland
broke
away
from
the
UK...
最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国……
[例1] John
broke
away
and
ran
outside，determined
never
to
go
to
another
dance.
约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，决定再也不参加任何舞会了。
[例2] It
was
wrong
for
him
to
break
away
from
all
his
good
friends.
他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。
[造句]犯人挣脱了看守。
The
prisoner
broke
away
from
the
guards.
[知识拓展]
break
down
损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break
in
非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break
into
破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break
off
打断；折断；中断(说话)
break
out
(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发
break
through
冲突；突破
break
up
分解；分裂
[即学即练]
用break的相关短语填空
①The
two
countries
are
going
to
meet
to
break
down
some
barriers
to
trade
between
them.
②We
had
to
break
into
the
house
as
we
had
lost
the
key.
③The
husband
and
wife
are
always
quarreling
and
their
relations
are
breaking
up．
④The
Union
was
consisted
of
several
countries，one
of
which
broke
away
from
it
later
because
of
conflicts.
⑤The
fire
broke
out
during
the
day，and
therefore
almost
no
one
was
injured.
belong
to属于
(教材P40)The
four
countries
that
belong
to
the
United
Kingdom
work
together
in
some
areas.
所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。
[例1] Who
does
this
watch
belong
to?
这块表是谁的？
[例2] China
is
a
developing
country
belonging
to
the
third
world.
中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界。
[造句]我过去是一个青年俱乐部的成员。
I
used
to
belong
to
a
youth
club.
[知识拓展]
(1)belong
in
适于；适宜(放在某处)
(2)belongings
n.
财产；所有物；亲戚
[即学即练]
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①She
packed
her
few
belongings(belong)in
a
bag
and
left.
②However，the
man，to
whom
the
bike
belonged，decided
not
to
keep
it.
③这个袋子是我的。
This
bag
belongs
to
me.
[名师点津]
belong
to用法两注意
belong
to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belonging
to”。
(教材P40)They
use
the
same
flag，known
as
the
Union
Jack，as
well
as
share
the
same
currency
and
military
defence．
像拥有同样的货币和军事防御，他们也使用同一面国旗，即众所周知的英国国旗。
(1)as
well
as
同(一样也)；和；还
[例1] We
can
know
more
about
the
life
of
great
people
as
well
as
history
and
cultures
of
other
countries.
我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
[例2] As
well
as
being
a
photographer，she
is
a
talented
musician.
她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才音乐家。
[造句]除了摔断了腿，他还伤了胳膊。
As
well
as
breaking
his
leg，he
hurt
his
arm.
[知识拓展]
as
well
as连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式等。重点掌握以下要点：
1)as
well
as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代词确定。
2)as
well
as位于句首，相当于besides，in
addition
to，后接动词时，用动名词形式。
3)as
well
as也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和……一样好”，well为副词。
[即学即练]
单句语法填空/同义句改写
①Helen，as
well
as
her
brothers，has
gone(go)abroad
already.
②As
well
as
learning(learn)English，we
want
to
experience
life
in
the
USA.
③Students
should
develop
their
own
interests
as
well
as
do(do)their
schoolwork.
④The
child
is
lively
as
well
as
healthy(health).
⑤He
didn't
perform
as
well(good)as
some
of
his
competitors.
⑥They
visited
some
factories，hospitals
as
well
as
the
school.
→They
visited
not
only
the
school
but
also
some
factories
and
hospitals.
(2)defence
n．防御；保卫
[例1] In
defence
of
our
nation，many
soldiers
lost
their
lives.
为了保卫我们的国家，很多战士献出了生命。
[例2] Most
countries
have
armies
for
their
defence.
大多数国家都有用于防御的军队。
[造句]他搬出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。
He
mentioned
the
name
of
Martin
Luther
King
in
defence
of
his
actions.
[知识拓展]
1)in
defence
(of
...)
为了保卫(……)
2)defend
vt.
保护；保卫；为……辩护
defend...from/against...
保卫……以免受……
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①We
must
see
to
it
that
there
is
no
gap
in
our
defence(defend).
②What
talking
points
can
be
raised
in
defence
of
this
argument?
③All
our
officers
are
trained
to
defend
themselves
against/from
knife
attacks.
(教材P40)Almost
everywhere
you
go
in
the
UK，you
will
be
surrounded
by
evidence
of
four
different
groups
of
people
who
took
over
at
different
times
throughout
history.
几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
(1)surround
vt.围绕；包围
[例1] Jill
was
sitting
on
the
floor
surrounded
by
boxes.
吉尔坐在地板上，周围摆满了箱子。
[例2] If
you're
serious
about
wanting
to
live
a
healthy
life，it's
extremely
important
to
surround
yourself
with
people
who'll
provide
you
with
proper
emotional
support.
如果你真的想过上健康的生活，和能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是尤为重要的。
[造句]对于有些人来说，幸福就是被家人和朋友们包围着。
To
some
people，happiness
is
being
surrounded
by
family
and
friends.
[知识拓展]
1)be
surrounded
by...
被……包围、环绕
2)surround
oneself
with
sb./sth.
和某人/某物在一起
3)surrounding
adj.
周围的；附近的
4)surroundings
n.
环境
[即学即练]
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①When
I
came
to
the
airport，I
saw
that
the
place
was
surrounded(surround)by
police.
②Steve
arrived
and
sat
in
the
front
row，surrounded(surround)by
his
family.
③Standing
on
the
top，we
admired
the
surrounding(surround)scenes.
④She
was
faced
with
a
new
job
in
unfamiliar
surroundings(surrounding).
⑤他喜欢结交幽默的人们。
He
likes
to
surround
himself
with
humorous
people.
[小片段填空]
Once
upon
a
time，a
king
who
was
polite
to
surrounding
countries，lived
in
a
castle
surrounded
by
a
large
forest
and
having
wonderful
surroundings．
从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。
(2)evidence
n．证据；证明
[例1] There's
some
evidence
that
outdoor
activities
are
good
for
us.
有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。
[例2] The
first
signs
of
spring
are
in
evidence.
春天的最初迹象已显而易见。
[造句]目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。
At
present
we
have
no
evidence
of
life
on
other
planets.
[知识拓展]
1)There
is
some/no
evidence
that...
(没)有证据证明……
in
evidence
显眼；显而易见
2)evident
adj.
明显的；明白的
It's
evident
that...
很明显……
3)evidently
adv.
显然；明显地；清楚地
[即学即练]
用evidence的适当形式填空/完成句子
①He
evidently
hated
maths
at
school，so
it's
amazing
he
became
an
accountant!
②It
must
be
evident
to
all
of
you
that
he
has
made
a
mistake.
③A
new
study
has
found
no
evidence
that
sunscreen
actually
increases
the
risk
of
skin
cancer.
④很明显，年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
It
is
evident
that
education
of
the
young
is
vital
to
the
future
of
a
country.
[小片段填空]
His
footprints
were
clearly
evident
in
the
heavy
dust，which
is
the
evidence
that
he
had
come
here
before.
他的脚印在尘土中清晰可见，这就是他先前来过这里的证据。
keep
one's
eyes
open
(for)留心；留意
(教材P41)If
you
keep
your
eyes
open，you
will
be
surprised
to
find
that
you
can
see
both
its
past
and
its
present.如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
[例1] Keep
your
eyes
open
for
a
boy
in
a
red
cap
and
sweater.
你要留心注意一个戴红帽子，身穿红毛衣的小男孩。
[例2] Just
keep
your
eyes
open
and
your
mouth
shut.
请你睁大眼睛，闭上嘴巴。
[造句]警方要求居民留意一切不同寻常的情况。
The
police
asked
the
residents
to
keep
their
eyes
open
for
anything
unusual.
[知识拓展]
keep
an
eye
on
照看，照管；留心注意
look
sb.
in
the
eye(s)
直视别人
have
an
eye
for
对……有判断力/鉴赏力
catch
sb.'s
eye
吸引某人的注意
[即学即练]
完成句子
①We've
asked
the
neighbours
to
keep
an
eye
on
(照看)the
house
for
us
while
we
are
away.
②A
red
pencil?mark
on
the
fifth
page
caught
his
eye(引起了他的注意).
③A
good
artist
must
have
an
eye
for
color(对颜色有判断力).
Sentence
Patterns
everywhere引导地点状语从句
(教材P40)Almost
everywhere
you
go
in
the
UK，you
will
be
surrounded
by
evidence
of
four
different
groups
of
people
who
took
over
at
different
times
throughout
history.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
[句式分析]
句中everywhere
you
go
in
the
UK为everywhere引导的地点状语从句，相当于wherever
you
go
in
the
UK。
[例1] Everywhere
they
looked，nearly
everything
was
destroyed.他们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。
[例2] Everywhere
he
goes，he
will
not
forget
the
terrible
experience.
无论走到哪儿，他永远也忘不了那次可怕的经历。
[造句]无论去哪儿，我都发现同样的事情。
Everywhere
I
go，I
find
the
same
thing.
[知识拓展]
引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。
[即学即练]
完成句子/翻译句子/同义句改写
①Wherever
the
film
star
goes，there
are
crowds
of
people
waiting
to
see
her.
这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
②You
can
go
anywhere
you
like．
你可以去任何你想去的地方。
③有志者，事竟成。
Where
there
is
a
will，there
is
a
way.
④我哪儿也看不到它。
I
can't
see
it
anywhere.
⑤我们所到之处游客人头攒动。
Everywhere
we
went
was
full
of
tourists.
⑥She'll
wear
fine
jewellery
everywhere
she
goes.
→She'll
wear
fine
jewellery
no
matter
where/wherever
she
goes.
the
way后接定语从句
(教材P40－41)They
introduced
the
beginnings
of
the
English
language，and
changed
the
way
people
built
houses．
他们引进了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
[句式分析]
[例1] Do
it
the
way
(that/in
which)you
were
taught.
要按照教你的那样做。
[例2] I
was
impressed
by
the
way
in
which
she
did
it.
她完成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。
[造句]使我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。
What
surprised
me
was
not
what
he
said
but
the
way
he
said
it.
[知识拓展]
(1)the
way
后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(＝in
this
way)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用
that，在较正式的文体里才用
in
which
来引导。
(2)the
way
后不能用
how
引导定语从句，但也可以不用the
way，而直接用
how
引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I
don't
like
the
way
that
you
talk
to
your
mother
and
you
must
change
that
way.
②The
way
which/that
was
thought
of
by
him
of
doing
the
experiment
was
similar
to
the
way
that
you
carried
it
out.
③I
don't
like
the
way(that/in
which)he
speaks
to
his
parents.我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。
④The
way(which/that)
he
explained
to
us
was
quite
simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
1．(教材P40)Almost
everywhere
you
go
in
the
UK，you
will
be
surrounded
by
evidence
of
four
different
groups
of
people
who
took
over
at
different
times
throughout
history.
[分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，everywhere
you
go
in
the
UK为地点状语从句，who
took
over
at
different
times
throughout
history为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people。
[译文] 几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
2．(教材P41)The
capital
city
London
is
a
great
place
to
start，as
it
is
an
ancient
port
city
that
has
a
history
dating
all
the
way
back
to
Roman
times.
[分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，as引导的是一个原因状语从句，that
has
a
history
dating
all
the
way
back
to
Roman
times为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词city，其中现在分词短语dating
all
the
way
back
to
Roman
times作名词history的后置定语。
[译文] 首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
3．(教材P41)If
you
keep
your
eyes
open，you
will
be
surprised
to
find
that
you
can
see
both
its
past
and
its
present.
[分析] 本句是复合句，if引导条件状语从句；that引导宾语从句。
[译文] 如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
教材
高考
1.The
four
countries
that
belong
to
the
United
Kingdom
work
together
in
some
areas.
(2018·浙江卷)By
following
the
basic
rules
of
respecting
others，taking
care
of
what
belongs
to
you，and
taking
pride
in
the
appearance
of
the
neighborhood
in
general，you
will
quickly
become
a
good
neighbor
that
everyone
appreciates.
2.Almost
everywhere
you
go
in
the
UK，you
will
be
surrounded
by
evidence
of
four
different
groups
of
people
who
took
over
at
different
times
throughout
history.
(2019·江苏卷)And
don't
forget：we
are
surrounded
by
a
natural
playground
just
perfect
for
walking，caving，climbing
and
cycling.
3.They
use
the
same
flag，known
as
the
Union
Jack，as
well
as
share
the
same
currency
and
military
defence.
(2019·天津卷)Amy，as
well
as
her
brothers，was
given
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
4.Almost
everywhere
you
go
in
the
UK，you
will
be
surrounded
by
evidence
of
four
different
groups
of
people
who
took
over
at
different
times
throughout
history.
(2019·江苏卷)Scientists
have
obtained
more
evidence
that
plastic
is
finding
its
way
into
the
human
body.
5.According
to
the
text，what
are
two
chief
advantages
of
studying
the
history
of
a
country？
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Tourism
is
now
the
chief
industry
of
Dawson
City—its
present
population
is
762.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．After
she
gave
birth，she
and
her
family
joined
the
others
in
White
Bird
Canyon
to
the
south.
2．The
prisoner
broke
away
from
the
policemen
who
were
holding
him.
3．He
is
a
clerk
belonging
(belong)to
this
company.
4．The
army's
duty
is
to
defend
the
country
against/from
the
enemy
rather
than
to
invade
other
countries.
5．With
the
houses
surrounded(surround)，the
thief
couldn't
escape
and
was
caught
by
the
policemen.
6．It
is
evident(evidence)that
smoking
is
harmful
to
health.
7．I
don't
like
the
way
that
he
laughed
at
me.
8．He，as
well
as
his
sisters，likes(like)singing.
9．Keep(keep)your
eyes
open
and
ask
questions，even
if
they
seem
stupid.
10．The
village
was
used
as
the
location(locate)for
a
popular
TV
series.
Ⅱ.短语填空
join...to...；belong
to；break
away
from；as
well
as；leave
behind；result
in；take
over；date
back
to；keep
one's
eyes
open；be
similar
to
1．As
one
of
the
most
deadly
natural
disasters
in
the
world，earthquakes
often
result
in
many
people
being
injured
or
killed.
2．She
took
over
his
work
after
his
departure.
3．The
island
is
joined
to
the
mainland
by
a
bridge.
4．I
belong
to
a
football
club
and
play
football
every
Saturday.
5．Tom
as
well
as
his
parents
went
to
Hong
Kong
to
spend
the
summer
holiday.
6．Nowadays
many
farmers
want
to
break
away
from
the
land
and
make
a
living
in
cities.
7．If
that
sounds
like
good
news，keep
your
eyes
open
for
your
chance
for
change.
8．My
interest
in
stamp
collecting
dates
back
to
my
schooldays.
9．When
you
go
camping，please
do
not
leave
behind
any
trash.
10．My
teaching
style
is
similar
to
that
of
most
other
teachers.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
According
to
the
British
history，Wales
is
the
first
country
to
be
joined
1.to
the
Kingdom
of
England，which
happened
in
the
16th
century.Later，Scotland
and
Ireland
2.were
added(add)to
create
the
United
Kingdom
of
Great
Britain
and
Ireland.In
the
20th
century，the
southern
part
of
Ireland
3.broke(break)away
from
the
UK，4.which
resulted
in
the
full
name
we
have
today：the
United
Kingdom
of
Great
Britain
and
Northern
Ireland，whose
5.shortened(shorten)name
is
“the
United
Kingdom”
or
“the
UK”．The
four
countries
of
the
UK
use
6.the
same
flag
as
well
as
the
same
currency
and
military
defence.However，they
also
have
some
7.differences(different)，like
different
legal
systems.The
UK's
long
and
interesting
history
can
help
you
understand
much
more
about
the
country
and
its
traditions.Studying
the
history
of
the
UK
will
make
your
visit
much
more
8.enjoyable(enjoy).The
capital
city
London
is
a
great
place
9.to
start(start)，as
it
is
an
ancient
port
city
that
has
a
history
10.dating(date)all
the
way
back
to
Roman
times.There
are
countless
historic
sites
to
explore，and
lots
of
museums
with
ancient
relics
from
all
over
the
UK.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
4
History
and
traditions
速读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．All
people
are
confused
by
what
these
different
names
mean.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．In
the
18th
century，Wales
was
joined
to
the
kingdom
of
England.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．The
Romans
left
towns
and
roads
behind
in
Britain.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．The
Anglo?Saxons
changed
the
way
people
speak
English.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．The
capital
London
dated
back
to
Roman
times.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BBACA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息．
A．that
has
a
history
dating
all
the
way
back
to
Roman
times
B．which
can
help
you
understand
much
more
about
the
country
and
its
traditions
C．which
resulted
in
the
full
name
we
have
today
D．that
belong
to
the
UK
E．who
took
over
at
different
times
throughout
history
F．which
means
the
UK
is
also
often
referred
to
as
Britain
or
Great
Britain
1．In
the
20th
century，the
southern
part
of
Ireland
broke
away
from
the
UK，
．
2．People
from
the
UK
are
called“British”，
．
3．The
four
countries
work
together
in
some
areas.
4．The
UK
has
a
long
history
to
explore，
．
5．Almost
everywhere
you
go
in
the
UK，you
will
be
surrounded
by
evidence
of
four
different
groups
of
people
．
6．London
is
an
ancient
port
city
．
[答案] 1－6 CFDBEA
Ⅲ.表格填空
[答案] (1)are
confused (2)related (3)puzzle (4)were
added (5)broke
away
from (6)belong
to (7)sharing
(8)history (9)traditions (10)dating
细读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.5
A．Explains
the
four
invasions
and
their
influences.B．States
topic
to
be
examined
in
the
reading.C．Studying
the
history
of
the
country
will
make
one's
visit
much
more
enjoyable.D．Explains
what
the
term“Great
Britain”means
and
how
it
came
about.E．Explains
differences
in
the
four
countries.
[答案] 1－5 BDEAC
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What
can
help
us
find
out
the
difference
between
some
different
names
of
the
UK?
A．British
languages.
B．British
history.
C．British
location.
D．British
education.
2．Which
country
is
the
first
to
be
joined
to
the
Kingdom
of
England?
A．Britain.
B．Scotland.
C．Wales.
D．Ireland.
3．What
is
different
for
the
four
countries
of
the
UK?
A．The
flag.
B．The
currency.
C．The
military
defence.
D．The
education
system.
4．Which
of
the
following
is
the
achievement
of
the
Romans?
A．Building
towns
and
roads.
B．Changing
the
way
of
building
houses.
C．Leaving
behind
many
new
vocabulary.
D．Changing
the
legal
system.
5．What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A．The
history
and
traditions
of
the
UK.
B．The
location
and
names
of
the
UK.
C．The
four
countries
of
the
UK.
D．The
capital
city
London.
[答案] 1－5 BCDAA
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——用一句话概括全文
My
husband
received
a
letter
a
month
ago
from
a
young
woman
who
had
been
his
student
when
she
was
in
middle
school.She
was
writing
because
she
wanted
to
thank
for
having
a
great
influence
in
her
life.
In
the
letter
she
wrote，“You
were
the
teacher
who
helped
me
discover
my
talent
for
math.Before
you
came
to
teach
us，I
had
been
terribly
poor
at
math，and
had
never
thought
that
I
would
be
interested
in
it.To
my
surprise，you
magically
showed
me
the
beauty
of
math.I
guess
that
was
the
turning
point
of
my
attitude
towards
it.Gradually
my
interest
in
it
began
to
grow.Thanks
to
your
encouragement,
I
made
continuous
progress
in
math，and
finally
made
up
my
mind
to
study
it
in
the
university.Today
I
am
working
as
an
accountant
at
Valley
Medical
Center
in
California.You
played
an
important
part.Thank
you！”
What
a
wonderful
gift
to
a
retired
teacher！My
husband
has
received
many
letters
from
students
over
the
years.This
one
was
special，for
it
arrived
at
this
time
in
his
life
when
he
is
in
very
poor
health.
1．谁做了什么？(who
did
what？)
①...My
husband
received
a
letter
a
month
ago
from
a
young
woman...
②...she
wanted
to
thank
him
for
his
encouragement.
2．结果怎么样？(what
was
the
result？)
...a
wonderful
gift
to
a
retired
teacher.
3．文章揭示了什么，说明了什么道理？(what
was
the
meaning？)
...a
good
teacher
might
have
a
great
effect
on
his
students.
概要归纳：
The
story
tells
us
that
a
former
student
wrote
to
the
author's
husband
a
thankful
letter，which
meant
a
lot
to
him.From
the
letter，the
author
learnt
that
a
good
teacher
might
have
a
great
effect
on
his
students.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
4
History
and
traditions
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(past
participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加?ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P114－P115)。
[观察例句]
1．Before
the
show，hundreds
of
excited
visitors
waited
in
their
seats
eagerly.
2．Come
and
read
the
poem
written
by
an
eight?year?old
boy!
3．I
felt
myself
often
confused
at
first.
4．She
had
her
painting
boxed
so
it
was
delivered
safely.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a
polluted
river一条被污染的河流
the
watered
flowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen
leaves落叶
the
risen
sun升起的太阳
2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A
watched
pot
never
boils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The
student
dressed
in
white
is
my
daughter.
＝The
student
who
is
dressed
in
white
is
my
daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。
形式
语态
时态
过去分词
被动
完成
现在分词
主动
进行
The
car
belonging
to
my
uncle
was
stolen
last
week.
我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。
The
bridge
built
in
2013
was
designed
by
a
local
company.
2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。
4．难点突破
三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
done
被动的动作已经完成
being
done
被动的动作正在发生
to
be
done
被动的动作将要发生
The
meeting
held
yesterday
is
very
important.
昨天开的会很重要。
All
the
members
of
the
team
have
attended
the
meeting
being
held.
所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It
is
said
that
there
is
a
meeting
to
be
held
in
the
hall
tomorrow.
据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①Some
of
the
people
invited
(invite)to
the
party
can't
come.
②The
room
is
empty
except
for
a
bookshelf
standing
(stand)in
one
corner.
③The
trees
blown
(blow)down
in
the
storm
have
been
moved
off
the
road.
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He
watched
the
TV
set
carried
out
of
the
room.
他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last
year
they
had
the
house
rebuilt.
去年他们让人重建了房子。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①You'd
better
have
your
shoes
mended(mend).
②The
father
wants
his
daughter
taught(teach)the
piano.
2．几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，observe，find，look
at，hear，listen
to，feel，notice，think等。
I
heard
the
song
sung
in
English.
我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
When
we
got
to
school，we
saw
the
door
locked.
当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。
(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。
They
managed
to
make
themselves
understood
by
using
very
simple
English.
他们用了很简易的英语以使别人听懂。
Don't
leave
those
things
undone.
要把那些事情做完。
[名师点津]
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示三种含义：
①表示“让某人做某事”
I'll
have
my
hair
cut
tomorrow.
明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He
had
his
wallet
stolen.
他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I
had
my
house
repaired
last
week.
上周，我修补了房子。
(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，order等。
The
teacher
doesn't
wish
such
questions
(to
be)discussed
in
class.
老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The
police，finding
the
film
unhealthy，ordered
it
banned.
警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①I
saw
an
old
man
knocked(knock)down
by
a
car.
②I'd
like
the
job
done(do)when
I
come
back
from
the
journey.
③The
speaker
raised
his
voice
but
still
couldn't
make
himself
heard(hear).
3．“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With
water
heated，we
can
see
the
steam.
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She
stood
in
front
of
him，with
her
eyes
fixed
on
his
face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
[即学即练4] 单句语法填空
①An
old
man
was
brought
in，with
his
hands
tied(tie)behind
his
back.
②With
all
the
work
done(do)，I
feel
very
relaxed
now.
4．过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen
to；四看：see，notice，observe，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
see＋宾语＋
I
heard
her
sing
an
English
song
just
now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I
heard
her
singing
an
English
song
when
I
passed
by
her
room
yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
To
learn
English
well，we
should
find
opportunities
to
hear
English
spoken
as
much
as
possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make，have为例)：
①make＋宾语＋
He
made
his
workers
work
12
hours
a
day.
他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He
tried
to
make
himself
understood.
他尽量使自己被理解。
②have＋宾语＋
have还可用于have
sth.
to
do结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I
have
something
urgent
to
inform
you.
我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较
with
John
received
an
invitation
to
dinner，and
with
his
work
finished，he
gladly
accepted
it.约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
to
settle，the
newly
elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
[即学即练5] 单句语法填空
①Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing，going
to
hear
it
being
performed(perform)live
is
quite
another.
②The
boy
made
the
baby
laugh(laugh)by
making
a
face
at
him.
③She
fell
asleep
with
the
light
burning(burn).
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
manager
was
satisfied
to
see
many
new
products
developed
(develop)after
great
effort.
2．This
is
the
statue
of
a
brave
soldier
seated
(seat)on
a
horse，with
a
gun
on
his
back.
3．The
cars
being
sold
(sell)at
the
market
now
are
made
in
Shanghai.
4．The
airport
to
be
completed
(complete)next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
5．The
police
will
come
soon
to
take
away
the
damaged
(damage)car.
6．Back
from
his
two?year
medical
service
in
Africa，Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
taken
(take)good
care
of
at
home.
7．The
meeting
is
being
held(hold)now
is
of
great
importance.
8．George
telephoned
a
man
calling
(call)himself
Peter.
9．The
new
books
being
printed
(print)in
the
factory
at
the
moment
are
mainly
intended
for
children.
10．The
young
man，tired
(tire)of
working
for
others，is
determined
to
start
his
own
firm.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
The
Amber
Room
was
given
this
name
because
several
tons
of
amber
were
used
to
make
it.The
1.selected(select)amber
had
2.a
beautiful
yellow?brown
colour
like
honey.The
design
of
the
room
was
3.in
the
fancy
style
popular
in
those
days.It
was
also
a
treasure
4.decorated(decorate)with
gold
and
jewels，5.which
took
the
country's
best
6.artists(artist)about
ten
years
to
make.
Later，Catherine
Ⅱhad
the
Amber
Room
7.moved(move)to
a
palace
outside
St
Petersburg
where
she
spent
her
summers.8.Sadly(sad)，the
Amber
Room
9.considered(consider)one
of
the
wonders
of
the
world，is
now
10.missing(miss).
PAGE
-
1
-( )1.philosophy A．n.港口(城市)
( )2.chief B．n.(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
( )3.military C．n.哲学
( )4.gallery D．adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．
(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
( )5.port E．n.(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
( )6.landscape F．n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
( )7.county G．n.酒吧；酒馆
( )8.pub H．adj.军事的；军用的
( )9.belong to I．留心；留意
( )10.keep your eyes/open(for)
