Unit
1
Tales
of
the
unexplained
DNA
to
unlock
tomb
mystery
河南考古学家说在安阳发现了曹操墓。复旦大学的专家试图作DNA比对以确定真伪。
The
photo
shows
an
unearthed
tomb
in
Anyang，Henan
Province.The
local
government
believes
it
belongs
to
Cao
Cao(AD
155
to
220)，an
ancient
politician.
DNA
tests
may
be
able
to
make
sure
if
the
newly
discovered
tomb
in
central
China's
Henan
Province
housed
the
remains
of
Cao
Cao，a
politician
and
general
from
the
Three
Kingdoms
Period
(AD
220－280)．Scientists
will
take
samples
of
DNA
from
the
tomb
and
from
Cao
Cao's
descendants
to
solve
the
mystery.
The
discovery
of
a
big
tomb
on
Dec.27，2009，which
local
archeologists
said
belongs
to
Cao，had
brought
about
a
debate
among
Chinese
citizens
over
the
evidence
dug
from
the
ancient
tomb，buried
in
a
remote
village
of
Henan
Province.
Archeologists
have
successfully
located
three
places
where
Cao's
descendants
might
live
today.
Experts
with
Fudan
University
are
trying
to
get
DNA
from
Cao's
descendants
and
compare
it
with
the
DNA
from
the
bones
uncovered
in
the
tomb.“Instead
of
waiting
for
volunteers
to
provide
their
DNA
samples，we
decided
to
collect
by
visiting
those
areas
that
are
shown
by
the
archeologists，”
Li
said.
[阅读障碍词]
1．descendant
n．后代
2．archeologist
n．考古学家
3．debate
n．争论；辩论
4．remote
adj.遥远的；偏僻的
5．locate
v．位于；定位
[诱思导读]
阅读文章，回答下面的问题
1．Which
period
does
Cao
Cao
come
from
as
a
politician
and
general?
It
is
called
the
Three
Kingdoms
Period.
2．Why
do
experts
try
to
compare
“Cao's”
DNA
with
his
descendants'?
To
unlock
the
tomb
mystery.
Section
Ⅰ Reading
(Ⅰ)(Welcome
to
the
unit
&
Reading)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.puzzled
A．v.消失；失踪
( )2.incident
B．adj.困惑的，茫然的
( )3.disappear
C．n.目击者，证人
( )4.witness
D．n.发生的事情
( )5.assume
E．n.伤害
( )6.occur
F．n.证据
( )7.evidence
G．vt.假定；认为
( )8.injury
H．vi.发生
[答案] 1－5 BDACG 6－8 HFE
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．播放(激光唱片、磁带等)
B．编造，杜撰
C．弄清楚；查明
D．由于；因为
E．加紧，加强，促进
F．负责，掌管
( )1.A
working
party
has
been
set
up
to
look
into
the
problem.
( )2.He
has
stepped
up
his
training
to
prepare
for
the
race.
( )3.The
project
had
to
be
abandoned
due
to
a
lack
of
government
funding.
( )4.He
made
up
some
excuse
about
his
daughter
being
sick.
( )5.He
took
charge
of
the
farm
after
his
father's
death.
( )6.Do
you
mind
if
I
put
some
music
on?
[答案] 1－6 CEDBFA
Boy
missing，police
puzzled
Police
in
America
have
stepped
up(加紧)
their
search
for
a
fifteen?year?old
boy
who
went
missing
three
days
ago
in
Dover，New
Hampshire①.This
incident(事件)
has
received
great
interest
due
to
reports
of
strange
lights
in
the
sky
and
of
alien(外星人)
visits
around
the
time
the
boy
disappeared②.
Justin
Foster，a
high
school
student，was
last
seen
Friday
night.That
evening
at
8
p．m.，Justin
went
to
play
baseball
with
two
friends，who
both
say
Justin
went
home
after
the
game③.Witnesses(证人)
also
say
they
saw
Justin
walking
towards
his
house
at
10.45
p．m.④Justin's
sister，Kelly，aged
nine，says
she
heard
her
brother
return
home
at
about
11
p.m.
男孩失踪，警方茫然
美国警方现已加紧对一名15岁男孩的搜索，该男孩三天前在新罕布什尔州的多佛市失踪。该事件引起了公众的极大兴趣，原因是有各种关于男孩失踪前后天空中出现奇怪光亮和外星人造访地球的新闻报道。
人们最后一次看见中学生贾斯廷·福斯特是在星期五晚上。
当晚8点，贾斯廷和两个朋友去打棒球，这两个朋友都说贾斯廷打完球就回家了。
目击者也说晚上10点45分他们看到贾斯廷正朝家走去。
贾斯廷的妹妹，9岁的凯莉说大约晚上11点她听到哥哥回到家中。
[助读讲解] ①who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a
fifteen?year?old
boy。②the
boy
disappeared是省略了关系副词when引导的定语从句，修饰time。③who引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two
friends，从句中又含有省略that的宾语从句作say的宾语。④say后省略了that引导的宾语从句。
‘I
was
getting
ready
for
bed，’Kelly
said.‘Justin
went
straight
to
his
room.I
didn't
see
him，but
I
heard
him
put
on
his
favourite
CD.I
went
to
bed，and
was
woken
up
around
midnight
by
a
bright
light
outside
my
window.’
At
first，the
young
girl
thought
it
was
the
light
of
the
full
moon，but
then
she
realized
that
it
was
moving
and
coming
closer⑤.
‘I
pulled
back
the
curtains
and
saw
a
large
spaceship
flying
outside.It
had
blue
lights
all
around
it，and
there
were
many
windows.Standing
inside
were
lots
of
strange
creatures(生物)
with
white
skin
and
large
black
eyes.⑥I
was
frightened！’
“我正准备上床睡觉，”凯莉说，“贾斯廷径直去他的卧室了。我并没有看到他，但我听到他播放自己最喜爱的CD。我上床睡觉了，大约午夜时分我被窗外的亮光弄醒了。”
起初，小姑娘以为是满月的光亮，然而接着她意识到光亮在移动，而且越来越近。
“我拉开窗帘，看到一只巨大的飞船在窗外飞行。
飞船四周是蓝色的光，还有很多窗户。里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。我害怕极了！”
[助读讲解] ⑤that引导宾语从句，在句中作realize的宾语。⑥该句是一个倒装句，正常语序是：Lots
of
strange
creatures
with
white
skin
and
large
black
eyes
were
standing
inside.
Kelly
said
that
the
spaceship
then
moved
around
to
the
side
of
the
house，towards
her
brother's
bedroom⑦.‘There
was
a
flash(闪光)
of
light
and
I
heard
Justin
shout，and
then
the
UFO
just
disappeared.I
haven't
seen
Justin
since.I'm
sure
the
aliens
took
him.’
Kelly
then
ran
and
woke
up
her
mother.However，since
Mrs
Foster
thought
that
Justin
was
spending
the
night
with
a
friend⑧，she
assumed(假定)
that
Kelly
was
having
a
bad
dream，and
sent
her
back
to
bed.Mr
Foster
was
working
that
night
on
his
road
construction(建设)
job，and
was
not
home
when
these
events
occurred(发生)⑨.When
Justin
did
not
show
up(出现)
for
lunch
the
next
day，Mrs
Foster
became
worried
and
told
her
husband
to
call
the
police.
凯莉说飞船接着转到房子的侧面，朝她哥哥的卧室(移去)。“出现一道闪光，我还听到贾斯廷的叫喊，接着飞船就消失了。从那以后我就再没见过贾斯廷。我确定是外星人带走了他。”
凯莉然后跑去叫醒她的妈妈。但是，福斯特夫人以为贾斯廷在一个朋友家过夜了，因此她认为凯莉只是做了个恶梦，于是将她打发回床上。福斯特先生当晚忙于他的道路建设工作，当这些事件发生时他并不在家。第二天午饭时贾斯廷仍未露面，福斯特夫人开始担心了，于是让丈夫打电话报警。
[助读讲解] ⑦that引导宾语从句。⑧since引导原因状语从句，从句中又含有that引导的宾语从句。⑨when引导时间状语从句。
Some
people
in
Dover
also
say
that
they
saw
aliens
that
night.‘It's
happened
to
me！’said
Mrs
Mavis
Wood.‘The
aliens
took
me
aboard
the
UFO
so
that
they
could
do
research
on
me⑩.Luckily，they
returned
me
home
without
any
injuries(伤害)．The
whole
experience
was
terrible！I
haven't
been
sleeping
well
since
I
returned
home?.I
think
Justin
was
taken
away
by
them，too.’
When
asked
about
the
possibility(可能性)
that
Justin
was
taken
by
aliens?，Detective(侦探)
Sam
Peterson，who
has
taken
charge
of(负责)
the
case?，told
journalists，‘Sometimes
people
make
up(编造)
such
amazing(惊奇的)
stories.There's
really
no
hard
evidence(证据)
that
aliens
took
him?.So，while
we
have
not
dismissed(解雇)
the
idea?，we
are
looking
into
other
possibilities
as
well.We
will
not
give
up
until
we
find
out
what
happened?.’
多佛市的一些人也声称当晚看见了外星人。“这种事在我身上就发生过！”梅韦斯·伍德夫人说，“外星人将我带到不明飞行物上，以便他们能在我身上做研究。幸运的是，他们送我回家了，我没有受到任何伤害。整个经历太可怕了！
回家之后我一直睡不好觉。我认为贾斯廷也是被他们劫持走了。”
当被问到贾斯廷被外星人劫持的可能性时，负责此案的侦探萨姆·彼得森告诉记者：“有时人们会编造这类令人感到惊奇的故事。事实上并没有确凿的证据证明是外星人劫持了他。所以，尽管我们不排除这种想法，但是我们也在调查其他的可能性。在查明到底发生了什么事之前，我们是不会放弃的。”
[助读讲解] ⑩so
that引导目的状语从句。?since引导时间状语从句。?when
asked为状语从句的省略；that引导同位语从句，解释说明possibility的内容。?who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Sam
Peterson。?that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的内容。?while意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。?until引导时间状语从句，其中又含有what引导的宾语从句。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P2－3教材课文，选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意。
1．The
main
idea
of
this
passage
is
．
A．that
aliens
took
away
a
boy
B．that
aliens
do
exist
C．that
a
boy
was
murdered
D．about
different
opinions
of
a
missing
boy
2．The
writer's
attitude
toward
the
whole
story
is
．
A．convinced
B．objective
C．enthusiastic
D．indifferent
3．Para.1
A．Evidence
given
by
witnesses
4．Paras.2－8
B．A
detective's
opinion
of
the
case
5．Para.9
C．A
general
introduction
of
the
case
[答案] 1－5 DBCAB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P2－3教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)。
1．Justin
Foster，a
high
school
student，was
last
seen
Wednesday
night.
( )
2．The
witnesses
saw
Justin
walking
home
at
11：00
p．m.
( )
3．Kelly
heard
her
brother，Justin
Foster，put
on
his
favourite
CD
that
night.
( )
4．The
aliens
were
yellow?skinned
with
large
black
eyes.
( )
5．Mrs
Mavis
Wood
said
that
she
had
ever
been
taken
away
by
the
aliens.
( )
[答案] 1－5 FFTFT
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P2－3教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
fifteen?year?old
boy
1.named(name)
Justin
Foster
in
Dover，New
Hampshire
went
missing
three
days
ago.It
was
not
until
the
lunchtime
the
next
day
that
he
was
found
missing.His
mother
became
2.worried
(worry)
and
asked
her
husband
3.to
call
(call)
the
police.People
offered
various
explanations
for
his
4.disappearance
(appearance)．Kelly，his
sister
said
that
Justin
5.did
return
home
the
night
before
and
even
heard
him
put
on
his
favourite
CD，and
just
then
she
happened
to
see
a
large
spaceship
6.flying
(fly)
outside，so
she
thought
Justin
must
7.have
been
taken
(take)
away
by
aliens.Some
people
also
said
that
they
themselves
experienced
this
kind
of
thing.But
Detective
Sam
Peterson，who
took
charge
8.of
the
case，said
that
there
was
really
no
hard
9.evidence
(evident)
that
aliens
took
him
and
that
they
wouldn't
give
up
until
they
found
out
10.what
had
happened.
PAGE
1Unit
1
Tales
of
the
unexplained
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——现在完成时和现在完成进行时
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
①I
haven't
seen
Justin
since.②Detective
Sam
Peterson，who
has
taken
charge
of
the
case，told
journalists，‘Sometimes
people
make
up
such
amazing
stories...’③From
our
recent
survey
of
students，we
have
found
that
53
per
cent
of
the
students
often
play
sports.④For
centuries，people
have
reported
seeing
a
wild
creature
in
the
Himalayas
called
Yeti.⑤Large
tracks
have
also
been
discovered
which
some
people
say
belong
to
the
Wild
Man.⑥This
incident
has
received
great
interest
due
to
reports
of
strange
lights
in
the
sky
and
of
alien
visits
around
the
time
the
boy
disappeared.⑦I've
been
writing
the
composition
for
two
hours，but
I
haven't
finished
it
yet.⑧I
have
been
wanting
to
meet
you
for
a
long
time.
1.句①～⑥中均运用了现在完成时，其谓语动词的构成形式为：have/has＋过去分词。2.句⑦⑧运用了现在完成进行时，其谓语动词的构成形式为：have/has＋been＋现在分词，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。3.现在完成时有两个基本用法：一是表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，如句②③⑤⑥；二是表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去，如句①④。
一、现在完成时
1．现在完成时的用法
(1)表示过去发生的动作产生的结果或对现在造成的影响。动作虽然发生在过去，但落脚点在现在。
I've
forgotten
his
telephone
number.
我忘记了他的电话号码。(没法联系他了)
I
haven't
finished
reading
this
book
yet，so
I
can't
return
it
to
the
library.
这本书我还没有看完，所以不能把它还给图书馆。
(2)表示动作或状态从过去某时开始一直延续到现在，并可能延续下去。常与so
far，by
now，up
to
now，since，for
a
long
time，up
till
now，in
the
past/last
few
years等表示一段时间的状语连用。
He
has
worked
here
for
twenty
years
by
now.
到现在为止，他已经在这儿工作20年了。
Up
to
now，we
have
received
no
letters
from
her.
到现在为止，我们没有收到她一封信。
[名师点津]
(1)该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，不能是非延续性动词或趋向动词。
(2)非延续性动词用于否定句可以表示否定的状态，故可以用来表示状态的持续。
(3)由since引导的时间状语中，since后面的时间名词必须是“时间点”，而不能是“时间段”；而for短语中的时间名词必须是“时间段”(有时for可省去)。
I've
known
him
since
1980.
我从1980年就认识他了。
I
have
learnt
English
(for)
many
years.
我学英语已很多年了。
[即时演练1] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The
price
has
gone
(go)down，but
I'm
not
sure
whether
it
will
remain
so.
②All
the
windows
have
been
painted
(paint)，and
they
look
new.
③I
have
read
(read)many
reports
about
the
UFO
recently.
④In
the
last
few
years，China
has
made
(make)
great
achievements
in
environmental
protection.
⑤His
first
novel
has
received
(receive)
good
reviews
since
it
came
out
last
month.
2．现在完成时的常用句型
(1)It/This
is
the
first/second/...time
that＋主语＋谓语部分(常用现在完成时)
(2)It
has
been＋一段时间＋since...
(3)It/This/That
is
the＋最高级＋名词＋定语从句(定语从句常用现在完成时)
It
is
the
first
time
that
I've
heard
of
the
story
about
Crop
Circles.
这是我第一次听说麦田怪圈的故事。
This
is
the
best
film(that)I've
ever
seen.
这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
3．在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时
If
you
have
done
the
experiment，you
will
realize
the
theory
better.
如果你做过这个实验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。
4．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
时态
区别
例句
现在完成时
重在强调过去的动作或状态对现在的影响，重点在现在。
I
have
lost
my
new
book.
我把新书弄丢了。(现在还未找到)
一般过去时
重在强调某个过去的动作或状态，与现在并无联系。
I
lost
my
new
book
yesterday.
我昨天把新书弄丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没有说明)
[即时演练2] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①clean
We
cleaned
the
classroom
just
now.
We
have
already
cleaned
the
classroom.
②work
I
worked
in
the
factory
for
3
years，now
I
run
a
restaurant.
I
have
worked
in
the
factory
for
3
years.
③—Kevin，you
look
worried.Anything
wrong?
—Well，I
took
(take)
a
test
and
I'm
waiting
for
the
result.
二、现在完成进行时
1．现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，更强调动作的延续性，常与for，since等引出的时间状语连用。
They
have
been
living
here
for
10
years.
他们住在这里10年了。
I
have
been
waiting
for
you
about
half
an
hour.
我等你大概半个小时了。
(2)表示动作的反复性。
They
have
been
discussing
the
matter
several
times
this
year.
他们今年已经数次讨论那件事了。
(3)表示某种感彩。
I
have
been
waiting
to
see
you
for
a
long
time.
长久以来，我一直等着见你。
[名师点津]
表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
我认识他已经好几年了。
I
have
known
him
for
years.
(√)
I
have
been
knowing
him
for
years.
(×)
[即时演练3] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①—Where
is
Peter?
I
can't
find
him
anywhere.
—He
went
to
the
library
after
breakfast
and
has
been
writing
(write)
his
essay
there
ever
since.
②The
girl
has
a
great
interest
in
sports
and
has
been
taking
(take)
badminton
classes
twice
a
week
over
the
last
three
years.
③In
order
to
find
the
missing
child，villagers
have
been
doing
(do)
all
they
can
over
the
past
five
hours.
2．现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
时态
基本语法功能
动作的反复
感彩
现在完成进行时
表示动作的持续
可表示动作的反复
可表示强烈的感彩
现在完成时
表示动作对现在的影响或产生的结果
不表示动作的反复
一般不含有感彩
He
has
written
a
letter.
他写了一封信。(信已写好)
He
has
been
writing
a
letter.
他一直在写一封信。(信尚未完成)
Have
you
met
him
recently?
你最近见过他吗？(现实结果)
Have
you
been
meeting
him
recently?
你最近常和他见面吗？(动作的反复)
My
father
has
lost
his
keys.
我父亲把钥匙丢了。(陈述事实)
My
father
has
always
been
losing
his
keys.
我父亲总是丢钥匙。(“有责怪或无奈”之意)
[即时演练4] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①That
famous
painting
has
been
missing
(miss)
for
two
weeks
now.Police
have
been
looking
(look)
for
it.
②I
have
been
writing
(write)
the
book，but
I
still
haven't
finished
(not
finish)
it.
③They
have
never
learnt
(learn)
to
swim.
④We
have
been
looking
(look)
forward
to
our
summer
vacation.
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Sorry，I'm
full.I
have
had
(have)
supper
already.
2．Maria
has
been
learning
(learn)
English
for
two
years
and
she
does
well
in
it.
3．Li
Ming
went
(go)
abroad
last
year.We
haven't
heard
(not
hear)
from
each
other
since
then.
4．Hello，Tom.I
have
been
looking
(look)
for
you
all
morning.Where
have
you
been?
5．We
have
been
contributing(contribute)to
the
prosperity
of
national
instruments
of
China
with
reasonable
price，professional
standard
and
high
quality
services.
6．How
many
unexplained
stories
have
you
heard
(hear)of?
7．In
the
past
few
days，the
detective
has
looked/has
been
looking
(look)
into
the
case.
8．They
have
been
building
(build)
the
bridge
base
since
last
week.
9．The
boy
has
not
shown
(not
show)
up
since
he
went
missing.
10．Danny
has
worked
(work)
hard
for
long
to
realize
his
dream
and
now
he
is
popular.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．She
lives
in
Beijing
since
she
came
to
China.
lives→has
lived
2．They
are
friends
for
10
years.
are
→have
been
3．In
the
last
ten
years，many
changes
took
place
in
my
hometown.
took→have
taken
4．I
heard
nothing
from
him
up
to
now.
heard前加have
5．His
hands
are
very
dirty，because
he
has
painting
the
door.
painting前加been
6．I
have
been
drunk
five
cups
of
coffee
this
afternoon.
drunk→drinking
7．When
I
saw
him,
he
has
not
eaten
anything
for
two
days.
has→had
8．It
is
five
years
since
Mr
Smith
come
to
teach
in
our
school.
come→came
9．I'm
glad
to
tell
you
that
you
passed
the
exam.
passed前加have
10．The
three
of
us
have
travelled
around
Europe
for
about
a
month
last
summer.
去掉have
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Tales
of
the
unexplained
Section
Ⅴ Reading(Ⅱ)(Project)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.attack
A．vt.检查
( )2.track
B．v.&n.攻击；进攻
( )3.length
C．vi.&vt.生存，挺过(难关)
( )4.examine
D．n.足迹，踪迹
( )5.dozen
E．n.长度
( )6.reserve
F．n.力量，力气
( )7.strength
G．n.(一)打；十二个；十来个
( )8.convince
H．vt.使确信，使相信
( )9.ancestor
I．n.(动植物)保护区；储备
( )10.survive
J．n.祖先，祖宗
[答案] 1－5 BDEAG 6－10 IFHJC
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．属于
B．同……相似
C．漏掉，忽略
D．与……有联系
E．前往，到……去
F．追逐，追求
( )1.He
is
always
running
after
younger
women.
( )2.A
tiger，belonging
to
the
cat
family，is
a
large
fierce
animal.
( )3.Look！Many
children
are
making
their
way
to
the
beach.
( )4.My
teaching
style
is
similar
to
that
of
most
other
teachers.
( )5.He
hadn't
been
asked
to
the
party
and
was
feeling
very
left
out.
( )6.Exposure
to
ultraviolet
light
is
closely
linked
to
skin
cancer.
[答案] 1－6 FAEBCD
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P18教材课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Para.1
A．Descriptions
of
Yetis
in
different
places.
2．Paras.2－3
B．Scientists
hope
to
find
the
truth.
3．Paras.4－5
C．Scientists'
different
opinions
about
Yetis.
4．Para.6
D．Yetis
are
reported
to
have
been
seen
all
over
the
world.
[答案] 1－4 DACB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P18教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．In
1998，an
mountain
climber
said
that
he
saw
a
Yeti
on
the
side
of
the
Himalayas.
A．Australian；American
B．American；Australian
C．Australian；Chinese
D．American；Chinese
2．A
group
of
Chinese
saw
a
Wild
Man
in
the
Nature
Reserve
in
western
Hubei
Province.
A．climbers；Shennongjia
B．engineers；Shennongjia
C．climbers；Himalayas
D．engineers；Himalayas
3．From
the
fourth
paragraph，we
can
see
that
.
A．Yeti
and
Bigfoot
are
both
Wild
Men
B．there're
lots
of
Wild
Men
in
the
Shennongjia
Nature
Reserve
C．people
haven't
begun
to
search
for
such
creatures
D．people
don't
exactly
know
if
Yetis
exist
4．
has
studied
reports
of
Yetis
for
many
years.
A．A
scientist
from
Washington
State
University
B．An
American
mountain
climber
C．An
American
TV
team
D．A
Chinese
engineer
5．According
to
the
passage，we
can
conclude
that
the
article
is
most
likely
to
be
taken
from
a
．
A．newspaper
B．travel
guide
book
C．magazine
D．cinema
bulletin
board
[答案] 1－5 DBDAC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P18教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It
is
said
that
the
Yeti
is
a
large，1.hairy(hair)
animal
that
walks
on
two
feet
like
a
human
being.Some
people
said
they
saw
Yetis
or
their
2.tracks(track)．They
made
copies
of
these
tracks
and
had
them
3.examined
(examine)by
a
scientist.People
believe
that
Bigfoot
lives
in
the
forests
of
the
northwest
of
the
USA.Yeti
and
Bigfoot
are
similar
4.to
a
creature
known
as
the
Wild
Man
of
Shennongjia.
Some
people
say
large
tracks
5.belonging
(belong)
to
the
Wild
Man
have
also
6.been
discovered
(discover).7.However，there
is
still
no
strong
evidence
for
its
8.existence(exist)．Dr
Grover
Krantz
believed
these
creatures
9.are
linked
(link)
to
a
common
ancestor.Scientists
hope
that
10.the
mystery
will
be
solved
one
day.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Tales
of
the
unexplained
Section
Ⅵ Language
points(Ⅲ)(Project)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．The
fish
can
grow
to
a
length(长度)
of
four
feet.
2．Animals
don't
often
attack
(袭击)
humans.
3．Scientists
have
found
out
the
tracks
(足迹)
of
the
missing
tiger.
4．Mother
bought
a
dozen
(一打)
of
fresh
eggs
on
her
way
home.
5．He
built
up
his
strength
to
lift
the
drowning
child.
6．There
is
a
close
link
between
the
two
cases.
7．We
failed
to
convince
him
of
his
mistake.
8．There
are
a
lot
of
natural
reserves
in
my
living
area.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．hair
n．毛发→hairy
adj.多毛的，毛茸茸的
2．examine
vt.检查→examination
n．检查，考试
3．reserve
n．(动植物)保护区；储备vt.预订；保留；储备→reservation
n．预订，保留
4．convince
vt.使确信，使相信→convinced
adj.相信的→convincing
adj.令人信服的
5．survive
vi.&vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survivor
n．幸存者→survival
n．幸存
n.＋?y→adj.
表“预订”的动词
healthy
adj.健康的lucky
adj.幸运的rainy
adj.有雨的
book
vt.预订；登记reserve
vi.预订destine
vt.预定
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．run
after
追赶，追逐；追求(某人)
2．belong
to
属于
3．make
one's
way
to
前往，到……去
4．dozens
of
许多，很多
5．be
linked
to
与……有联系
6．be
known
as
作为……而出名
7．in
one's
opinion
在某人看来
8．leave
out
漏掉；省略
9．have
the
chance
to
do
sth.
有机会做某事
10．be
similar
to
同……相似
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．Success
belongs
to
those
who
do
their
best.
2．In
my
opinion，what
he
did
did
give
us
a
big
surprise.
3．Jackie
made
his
way
to
the
supermarket
but
was
caught
in
the
traffic.
4．Lao
She
was
famous
for
his
Teahouse
and
known
as
a
writer.
5．The
book
is
similar
to
that
one
in
choosing
language
points.
leave＋prep./adv.→动词短语
动词＋宾语＋of→动词短语
leave
aside
不予考虑；搁置一边leave
behind
留下；超过leave
for
动身去
warn
sb.of
sth.警告某人某物remind
sb.of
sth.提醒某人某物cure
sb.of
sth.治愈某人某病inform
sb.of
sth.通知某人某事
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.The
Yeti
is
said
to
be
a
large，hairy
animal
that
walks
on
two
feet
like
a
human
being.据说雪人是一种高大、多毛，像人类一样用双脚走路的动物。
sb./sth.be
said
to
be...“据说某人/物是……”。
She
is
said
to
be
a
beautiful
girl.据说她是一位美丽的女孩。
2.They
made
copies
of
these
tracks
and
had
them
examined
by
a
scientist
in
the
USA.他们复制了这些脚印，并让一位美国科学家对它们进行检查。
have
sth.done“让别人做某事”。
It's
a
good
idea
to
have
your
destination
written
in
Chinese.把你的目的地用汉语写出来是一个不错的主意。
3.Yeti
and
Bigfoot
are
similar
to
a
creature
known
as
the
Wild
Man
of
Shennongjia.雪人和北美野人都和人们知晓的一种生物——神农架野人相似。
句中known
as...为过去分词短语作后置定语。
New
York
is
a
busy
city
known
as
“Big
Apple”
in
the
world.纽约在世界上是一个被称为“大苹果”的繁忙城市。
attack
vt.&vi.&n.攻击；进攻
(教材P18)People
believe
that
Yetis
sometimes
come
down
from
the
mountains
to
attack
villagers.
人们相信雪人有时会下山攻击村民。
a
heart
attack
心脏病发作
make
an
attack
on/against
攻击，袭击
under
attack
遭到袭击
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When
a
student
attacks
a
professor
on
the
social
media，
the
language
used
actually
says
more
about
the
student.当一位学生在社交媒体上攻击一位教授时，所使用的语言实际上更多的是表达该生个人的见解。
②On
the
way
we
were
under
attack
from
enemy
fighter
planes.
途中我们遭到了敌方战斗机的袭击。
③A
young
man
made
an
attack
on/against
a
woman
in
the
street
yesterday.
昨天在大街上一个年轻男子袭击了一位妇女。
reserve
n．(动植物)保护区；储备
vt.预订；保留；储备
(教材P18)There
have
been
dozens
of
reports
that
people
have
seen
a
Wild
Man
in
the
Shennongjia
Nature
Reserve
in
western
Hubei
Province，China.
有很多的报道说，很多人在中国湖北省西部的神农架自然保护区见到一个野人。
(1)reserve
sth.for
sb.
为某人预订某物
reserve
one's
opinion
保留某人自己的意见
(2)reservation
n.
保留；预订
①The
city's
reserve
of
water
is
low.
该市的贮水量不高。
②I'd
like
to
reserve
a
table
for
three
for
eight
o'clock.
我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
③He
said
he
still
reserved(reserve)
his
opinion
on
some
points.
他说，在一些问题上，他仍然保留自己的意见。
strength
n．[U]力量，力气；实力[C]强项，长处
(教材P18)In
one
case，a
group
of
engineers
ran
after
the
creature，which
moved
with
amazing
speed
and
strength.其中一个报道说，当一队工程师追赶这个生物时，它却以惊人的速度和力量奔跑起来。
(1)build
up
one's
strength
强身健体
strengths
and
weaknesses
优缺点
go
from
strength
to
strength
越来越兴旺发达
(2)strengthen
v.
加强
①Everyone
has
his
or
her
strengths
and
weaknesses.
每个人都有自己的优势和劣势。
②Bill
is
doing
a
lot
of
physical
exercise
to
build
up
his
strength.
比尔正在做大量的身体锻炼以增强体力。
[明辨异同] strength，energy，power，force
人或动物的“力气”，人的“优势，强项”，也可指物理学上的强度
“精力，活力，能量”，指人或动物所积蓄的内在或释放的活力，也指物理学上的能量
力的总称，指各种力，如电力、动力或某事物的能力。也可指人所具有的力量、能力、权力及势力等
主要指外力，是推动人或物朝所要求的方向运动或能产生明显效应的力量，也可以指武力
strength，energy，power，force
③Happiness
and
success
often
come
to
those
who
are
good
at
recognizing
their
own
strengths．
④It's
beyond
my
power
to
help
you.
⑤Police
entered
the
room
by
force．
⑥Old
as
he
is，he
is
full
of
energy．
belong
to
属于
(教材P18)Large
tracks
have
also
been
discovered
which
some
people
say
belong
to
the
Wild
Man.
人们也发现过一些巨大脚印，有人称它们属于野人。
(1)belong
to
属于……；是……的成员
(2)belong
vi.
应在(某处)；适应
(3)belongings
n.
所有物；财产，财物
①Have
you
belonged
to
a
political
party?
你加入过什么政党吗？
②China
is
a
country
belonging
(belong)
to
the
Third
World.中国是属于第三世界的国家。
③We
had
to
keep
track
of
our
belongings，and
if
something
was
lost，it
was
not
replaced.我们要了解我们财物的情况，如果某个东西丢了，就没有可替代的了。
[联想助记]
belong
to
既无被动形式，也不能用于进行时，这里to为介词，可跟名词或代词作宾语。其他含介词to的常见短语：
be/get/become
used
to
习惯于
devote
oneself
to
献身于；专心于
be
admitted
to
被……录取，准许进入
be
known
to
为……所知
be
married
to
和……结婚
look
forward
to
希望；盼望
be
adjusted
to适应
be
attached
to
附属于；喜欢，依恋
convince
vt.使确信，使相信
(教材P18)He
became
convinced
they
exist.
他确信它们存在。
(1)convince
sb.of
sth.
使某人确信某事
convince
sb.to
do
sth.
说服某人做某事
convince
sb./oneself
that...
使某人/自己相信……
(2)convinced
adj.
确信的；信服的
(3)convincing
adj.
令人信服的
①I
tried
to
convince
myself
that
the
trouble
was
with
the
problem
itself，not
with
me.
我试图让自己确信，麻烦在于问题本身，而不在于我。
②I
was
convinced(convince)
I
saw
you
there，but
it
must
have
been
someone
else.
我原来真以为看见你在那里，但是那一定是别人。
③I
tried
to
convince
the
judge
of
their
innocence.
我设法使法官相信他们是清白的。
link
vt.&n.联系，关联
(教材P18)He
believed
that
these
creatures
are
linked
to
a
common
ancestor，an
animal
that
lived
in
Asia
some
300，000
years
ago.
他认为，这些生物与一个共同的祖先相关联，该动物生活于约30万年前的亚洲。
be
linked
to
与……有关联，与……有联系
把A与B连接/联系起来
link
up(with...)
与……结合，连接；使连接；使结合
have
a
link
with/between
和……有关联/联系
①Scientific
research
has
proved
a
link
between
smoking
and
lung
cancer.
科学研究已证实了吸烟和肺癌之间的联系。
②Theory
should
be
linked
with
practice.
理论应当与实践相结合。
③What
he
said
doesn't
link
up
with
the
truth.
他说的话与真相没有联系。
[图形助记]
A
chain
is
no
stronger
than
its
weakest
link.
(谚语)一环薄弱，全链易断。
make
one's
way
to
前往，到……去
(教材P18)In
his
opinion，this
animal
made
its
way
to
other
parts
of
the
world...
他认为这种动物迁徙到了世界上的其他地区……
feel
one's
way
(在黑暗中)摸索前行
push
one's
way
(在人群中)向前挤
wind
one's
way
蜿蜒向前
lose
one's
way
迷路
①Look！Many
children
are
making
their
way
to
the
beach.
看！许多孩子正往海滩走去。
②Without
experience，we
have
to
feel
our
way．
由于没有经验，我们只能摸索着前进。
③The
child
lost
his
way
in
the
city
and
cried
loudly
in
the
street.
这个孩子在城里迷路了，在大街上大哭起来。
survive
vi.生存vt.幸存，挺过(难关)；比……活得长
(教材P18)...and
continues
to
survive
even
today.
……并且一直到今天仍然存在。
(1)survive
sth.
(经历事故、战争、疾病等之后)
活下来，幸免于
survive
from...
从……中幸存
survive
on
靠……维持生活
(2)survival
n.
幸存
(3)survivor
n.
生还者，幸存者
①Camels
can
survive
for
many
days
with
no
water.
骆驼不喝水也能生存许多天。
②Many
strange
customs
have
survived
from
earlier
times.
许多奇怪的习俗源远流长。
③Helen
is
the
only
survivor
(survive)
after
the
ship?wreck.
海伦是那次沉船事故中唯一的幸存者。
(教材P18)The
Yeti
is
said
to
be
a
large，hairy
animal
that
walks
on
two
feet
like
a
human
being.
据说雪人是一种高大、多毛，像人类一样用双脚走路的动物。
【要点提炼】 本句中“The
Yeti
is
said
to
be...”属于“sb./sth.＋be＋过去分词＋to
do”结构。
此结构中常用的过去分词有：said，reported，known，thought，believed，suggested等。
同义句型
①Thirteen
is
said
to
be
an
unlucky
number.
＝It
is
said
that
thirteen
is
an
unlucky
number.
＝People
say
that
thirteen
is
an
unlucky
number.
据说13是一个不吉利的数字。
②He
is
believed
to
be
successful
in
his
business.
＝It
is
believed
that
he
will
be
successful
in
his
business.
＝People
believe
that
he
will
be
successful
in
his
business.
人们相信他的事业会很成功。
(教材P18)They
made
copies
of
these
tracks
and
had
them
examined
by
a
scientist
in
the
USA.
他们复制了这些脚印，并让一位美国科学家对它们进行检查。
【要点提炼】 句中“had
them
examined”属于“have
sth.done”结构，过去分词examined作宾补。have
sth.done此处表示“让别人做某事”。
(1)have
sth.done的常见用法：
①遭遇……(do与sth.为动宾关系；do所表示的动作不是主语发出的)
②让别人做某事(do与sth.为动宾关系；do所表示的动作不是主语发出的)
③使某事被做(do与sth.为动宾关系；do所表示的动作可以是别人发出的，也可以是主语发出的)
(2)have构成的其他结构：
①have
sb./sth.doing
sth.让……一直做某事(现在分词作宾补，do所表示的动作由have的宾语发出)
②have
sb./sth.do
sth.让……做某事(不带to的不定式作宾补，do所表示的动作由have的宾语发出)
①He
had
his
legs
broken
in
an
accident.
他的双腿在一次车祸中断了。
②I
had
had
my
children
clean
the
house
before
you
arrived.
在你们到达之前，我让孩子们把屋子打扫干净了。
③I
have
my
hair
cut
every
month.
我每月理一次发。
④I
had
the
student
waiting
for
a
while.
我让那个学生等了一会。
[名师点津]
have
sth.to
do有某事要(自己)做(不定式作后置定语，do与sth.为动宾关系，do所表示的动作由主语发出；不定式虽为主动形式，但表示被动意义)。
(教材P18)He
reported
that
they
looked
like
the
tracks
of
a
similar
creature，called
Bigfoot，which
some
people
believe
lives
in
the
forests
of
the
north?west
of
the
USA.
【分析】 本句是主从复合句。句中reported后接一个由that引导的宾语从句；a
similar
creature后面的called
Bigfoot是后置定语，其后的which引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词creature。
【翻译】 他报告说，它们看起来像一种叫北美野人的类似动物的脚印。有人认为北美野人生活在美国西北部的森林里。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
mountain
village
I
visited
last
week
is
made
up
of
30
families
belonging
(belong)
to
five
nationalities.
2．It
is
said
(say)
that
human
beings
are
naturally
equipped
to
speak.
3．We
collected
dozens(dozen)
of
shells
on
the
beach.
4．This
beautiful
bird
is
small，with
a
total
length
(long)
of
about
three
inches.
5．We
are
convinced
(convince)
that
with
such
a
fine
army
and
with
the
support
of
the
masses，we
can
defeat
any
enemy.
6．Would
you
please
reserve
a
seat
for
this
evening's
concert?
7．China
would
like
to
have
a
friendly
link
with
any
other
country.
8．We're
having
our
car
repaired(repair)．
9．When
he
was
walking
in
a
dark
street，he
was
attacked
(attack)
and
seriously
injured.
10．Known
as
the
most
beautiful
city，Hangzhou
attracts
a
great
many
people
every
year.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．They
sell
the
eggs
by
dozen.
by后加the
2．It's
said
that
the
festival
came
in
existence
more
than
2，000
years
ago.
in→into
3．We
were
sorry
to
hear
that
two
teenagers
carried
out
a
attack
on
a
local
shopkeeper.
a→an
4．You
should
give
some
evidence
to
make
yourself
convincing.
convincing→convinced
5．She
survived
her
husband
for
ten
years.
for→by
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．人们相信很多国家将会高度赞扬中国在帮助世界和平方面所起的作用。
It
is
believed
that
many
countries
will
think
highly
of
China's
role
in
helping
with
the
world's
peace.(believe)
2．在事故中幸存下来的几个人已经被送往医院。
Several
of
those
who
survived
the
accident
have
been
taken
to
hospital.(survive)
3．他们准备把房子粉刷一下。
They're
going
to
have
their
house
painted．(have)
4．练习太极拳不仅可以增强体质，还可以锻炼人的品格。
Practising
Taichi
can
not
only
build
up
one's
strength，but
also
develop
one's
character.(strength)
5．他在森林里迷路了，但是最终他成功走出来了。
He
lost
his
way
in
the
forest，but
he
finally
managed
to
get
through
it.(lose)
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Tales
of
the
unexplained
Section
Ⅶ Writing——数据性调查报告
一、基本结构
数据性调查报告属于图表类作文的一种。图表类作文写作一般分三大步：
第一步，开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题；
第二步，分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写；
第三步，归纳总结或发表评论。(有时第三步可省略)
二、注意事项
具体操作时应注意：
1．首先应仔细研究题目以及提示信息，认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点和关键信息，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。
2．列出各段主题句。考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开做好铺垫。
3．围绕主题句完成段落的展开。尽量做到主题明确、条理清晰、文字简练。
4．图表作文一般采用的时态为一般现在时，但如果图表中给出了具体时间参照，考生则应对时态进行相应的调整。
1．开头常用句式
①As
is
shown
by
the
graph/in
the
table
that...
②As
we
can
see
clearly
from
the
chart
above...(概述图表)
③The
results
of
the
survey
seem
to
suggest
that...(得出结论)
2．主体部分常用句式
①Compared
with...
②There
is
(was)
a
rapid
rise
in...
③The
changes...can
be
explained
for
several
reasons.
④It
is
reported
that
85%
of...
⑤...are
also
the
reason
why
the
number
is
increasing
so
fast.
⑥From
the
increased
number
we
can
get
that...
3．结尾常用句式
①In
conclusion/To
conclude/We
can
draw
the
conclusion
that...
②In
my
opinion/Personally，I...
③It
seems
clear
that/It's
clear
from
the
chart
that...
看到一位老人跌倒在身边，你扶还是不扶？如今这个问题让不少人纠结不已，某报社对此专门就“你是否会第一时间义不容辞地去扶摔倒的老人？”进行了一次调查，结果如图所示。请你写一篇文章向该报社的海外版投稿，描述这一调查结果。要求：
1．简单描述该图反映的问题；
2．分析原因；
3．发表自己的观点。
注意：词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
An
old
man
has
fallen
in
the
street，just
several
steps
away，would
you
help
him
or
just
pass
by？This
simple
question
has
become
a
dilemma
for
many
people.
体裁
调查报告
时态
一般现在时
主题
老人跌倒，扶还是不扶
人称
第三人称和第一人称
结构
第一部分，引入：指出现象并提出问题。第二部分，阐述：1.简单描述图表反映的问题。2.分析产生的原因。第三部分，观点：发表自己的观点，提出解决措施。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．conduct
执行，进行
2．participant
参与者
3．without
hesitation
毫不犹豫地
4．by
contrast
对比
5．definite
明确的，确定的
6．be
accused
of
被控告
7．knock
over
撞倒
8．pretend
假装
9．blackmail
敲诈
10．insurance
保险
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．根据一份报纸的调查，仅仅有百分之六的参与者愿意马上去帮助。(be
willing
to)
According
to
a
survey
conducted
by
a
newspaper，only
6%
of
the
participants
are
willing
to
help
immediately.
2．关于原因，大多数人担心如果他们去帮助老人，有可能会被控告撞倒了他。(as
for；that宾语从句)
As
for
the
reasons，most
worry
that
if
they
go
to
help
the
old
man，they
may
be
accused
of
having
knocked
over
him.
3．有一些人也担心老人会假装摔倒。(pretend
to
have
done)
Some
are
also
concerned
that
the
old
man
may
pretend
to
have
fallen
down．
4．一些老人选择去敲诈帮助他们的人是因为他们没有健康保险来支付他们的治疗。(because引导原因状语从句)
Some
elderly
people
choose
to
blackmail
their
helpers
because
they
don't
have
health
insurance
to
cover
their
treatment．
5．如果政府改善这种状况，我相信没有人会冒生命危险去假装摔倒。(if引导条件状语从句)
If
the
government
can
improve
this
situation，I
believe
no
one
will
risk
their
life
to
pretend
to
fall．
(二)句式升级
6．用短语without
hesitation改写句1
According
to
a
survey
conducted
by
a
newspaper，only
6%of
the
participants
are
willing
to
help
without
hesitation.
7．用there
is
a
possibility
that...句型改写句2
As
for
the
reasons，most
worry
that
if
they
go
to
help
the
old
man，there's
a
possibility
that
they
may
be
accused
of
having
knocked
over
him.
8．用The
reason
why...is
that...句型改写句4
The
reason
why
some
elderly
people
choose
to
blackmail
their
helpers
is
that
they
don't
have
health
insurance
to
cover
their
treatment.
An
old
man
has
fallen
in
the
street，just
several
steps
away，would
you
help
him
or
just
pass
by？This
simple
question
has
become
a
dilemma
for
many
people.
【参考范文】
An
old
man
has
fallen
in
the
street，just
several
steps
away，would
you
help
him
or
just
pass
by？This
simple
question
has
become
a
dilemma
for
many
people．
According
to
a
survey
conducted
by
a
newspaper，only
6%
of
the
participants
are
willing
to
help
without
hesitation.By
contrast，24%
admit
that
they
will
not
do
so.
And
the
rest
don't
have
a
definite
answer.As
for
the
reasons，to
begin
with，most
worry
that
if
they
go
to
help
the
old
man，there
is
a
possibility
that
they
may
be
accused
of
having
knocked
over
him.Second，some
are
also
concerned
that
the
old
man
may
pretend
to
have
fallen
down.
So
what
should
we
do？As
for
me，the
reason
why
some
elderly
people
choose
to
blackmail
their
helpers
is
that
they
don't
have
health
insurance
to
cover
their
treatment.So
if
the
government
can
improve
this
situation，I
believe
no
one
will
risk
their
life
to
pretend
to
fall.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Tales
of
the
unexplained
Section
Ⅳ Language
points(Ⅱ)
(Word
power，Grammar
and
usage
&
Task)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．He
doesn't
know
much
about
the
subject，but
he's
very
enthusiastic
(热情的)．
2．The
jobs
that
are
done
have
been
ticked
(做记号)
off.
3．Do
I
get
a
discount
(折扣)
if
I
buy
a
whole
box
of
wine?
4．Jeans
are
not
appropriate
for
a
formal
party.
5．Tu
Youyou
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
for
Medicine
in
2015.
6．We
only
found
some
blank
paper
under
the
newspapers.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．exist
vi.存在→existence
n．存在
2．state
v．陈述→statement
n．陈述；声明
3．agree
vi.同意→disagree
vi.不同意→agreement
n．协定；协议
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．send
up
发射
2．so
far
迄今为止
3．dream
of
梦想
4．carry
out
完成，实施，履行
5．pick
up
拾起，拿起；学会
6．take
off
脱下衣服；(飞机等)起飞
7．more
than
超过
8．in
return(for)
作为(对……的)回报
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．We'll
carry
out
the
plan
as
soon
as
possible.
2．It
was
the
kind
of
trip
most
of
us
only
dreamed
of．
3．He
picked
up
a
lot
of
Spanish
by
playing
with
native
boys
and
girls.
4．China
has
sent
up
many
satellites.
5．He
wanted
to
do
something
in
return
for
the
kindness
that
she
offered
him.
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Though
he
has
never
met
any
aliens，he
believes
they
do
exist.尽管他从未遇见过任何外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。
do用于谓语动词原形前表示强调。
Do
write
to
me
when
you
get
there.你到那儿后务必给我写信。
2.I'll
get
it
done
today.我今天将把它做完。
get
sth.done“使某事被做”。
You
must
get
your
homework
finished
before
watching
TV.在看电视之前，你必须做完作业。
3.For
example，a
question
like‘Why
was
Stonehenge
built？’is
not
a
good
one
because
not
everyone
knows
what
Stonehenge
is.例如，像“为什么建巨石阵？”这样的问题不是好问题，因为并非每个人都知道巨石阵是什么。
not
everyone表示部分否定。
Not
everyone
likes
this
book，though
it's
very
popular.并非人人都喜欢这本书，尽管它很受欢迎。
pick
up拾起，拿起，捡起；(开车)接人；(偶然或无意间)学会；重新开始；继续；好转，恢复健康
(教材P7)Then
a
tracking
ship
picked
them
up.
紧接着一艘跟踪船把它们接上岸。
写出下列句子中pick
up
的含义
①He
drew
on
his
gloves，picked
up
his
umbrella
and
went
out.
拿起
②I'll
pick
you
up
at
the
gate
tomorrow
morning.
(开车)接人
③I
picked
up
some
Spanish
when
I
was
living
in
Mexico.
(偶然)学会
④He
picked
up
where
he
had
left
the
day
before.
继续
⑤They
won't
let
him
out
of
hospital
until
his
health
has
picked
up
quite
a
lot.
好转
pick
out
挑选出，拣出；辨认出
pick
over
用心挑选
⑥It's
easy
to
pick
him
out
in
a
crowd
because
he
is
very
tall.很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。
[明辨异同] pick，choose，select，elect
pick
挑选，采摘，拾
choose
普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断，从众多对象中进行选择
select
书面用语，具有庄严、正式的感彩，强调精选
elect
按照一定的规章、法律，用投票方式进行的选举
choose，select，pick，elect
⑦I
have
chosen
them
because
of
the
colors.
⑧Then
the
congress
elected
its
secretary.
⑨They
selected
a
diamond
engagement
ring.
⑩The
farmers
are
busy
picking
apples.
enthusiastic
adj.热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
(教材P8)My
friend
Jack
is
enthusiastic
about
travelling.我的朋友杰克热衷于旅游。
(1)be
enthusiastic
about/over
对……热情的；对……感兴趣的
be
enthusiastic
about
doing
sth.
对做某事有热情
(2)enthusiastically
adv.
热情地
(3)enthusiasm
n.
热情，热心；积极性
have/lose
enthusiasm
for(doing)....
有(做)/失去(做)……的热情
be
full
of
enthusiasm
充满热情
①We
received
an
enthusiastic
welcome
when
we
got
there
for
the
first
time.
我们首次到那里时曾受到了热烈的欢迎。
②He
joined
in
the
class
discussion
enthusiastically
(enthusiastic)．
他热情地参加了班级讨论。
③I
can't
say
I
share
your
enthusiasm
for
the
idea.
我可不像你那样，对这个想法那样热心。
base
n．基地，大本营；底部；基础
vt.以……为基础
(教材P8)He
has
just
been
to
Qomolangma
Base
Camp
and
saw
a
Yeti
there.
他刚去过珠穆朗玛峰大本营的营地，并在那儿看见了一个雪人。
(1)be
based
on...
以……为基础
base
sth.on
sth.
把……基于……
(2)basic
adj.
基本的，主要的，基础的
basically
adv.
基本上，主要地，从根本上说
①The
company
has
its
base
in
New
York，and
branch
offices
all
over
the
world.
公司总部设在纽约，分部遍及全世界。
②What
are
you
basing
this
theory
on?
你这种理论的根据是什么？
③As
far
as
I
can
tell，Jason
is
basically
(basic)a
nice
guy.
据我所知，贾森算得上是个好人。
exist
vi.存在
(教材P8)Though
he
has
never
met
any
aliens,
he
believes
they
do
exist.
尽管他从未遇见过任何外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。
(1)exist
in
存在于……之中
exist
on
靠……为生
There
exists/existed...
某地有……；存在……
(2)existence
n.
存在；生存
in
existence
现存的
come
into
existence
产生，出现，开始存在
①If
it
weren't
for
Rachel
Carson，the
environmental
movement
might
not
exist
today.
如果不是雷切尔·卡森，今天不可能存在环保运动。
②It
is
impossible
for
them
to
exist
on
such
a
small
income.
他们靠这么点收入生存是不可能的。
③There
exists
(exist)
a
good
way
to
solve
the
problem.
有一种解决该问题的好方法。
④Please
tell
me
when
the
Great
Wall
came
into
existence
(exist)．
请告诉我长城什么时候开始存在的。
[名师点津]
exist
是不及物动词，不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时。
appropriate
adj.适当的；合适的；正当的
(教材P13)Please
tick
the
appropriate
boxes
(tick
only
one
after
each
question)
or
write
your
answers
in
the
blanks.
请在恰当的方框里打上“√”(只在每个问题后的一个方框里打“√”)或者把答案写在空白处。
(1)be
appropriate
to/for
适合于……
(2)it's
appropriate(for
sb.)to
do...
(对某人来说)做……是合适的
(3)It's
appropriate
that...(should)do
sth.
做某事是合适的
①Sport
clothes
are
not
appropriate
for
such
a
party.
运动服不适合这样的聚会。
②As
a
teacher，it's
appropriate
for
you
to
be
(be)
enthusiastic
about
your
teaching
work.
作为一名教师，对你的教学工作满腔热情是适宜的。
③It's
appropriate
that
we
(should)
be
(be)
present
at
the
meeting.
我们出席会议是合适的。
organize(＝organise)
vt.组织，筹备；安排；建立
(教材P17)For
this
reason，we
suggest
that
we
organize
a
school
basketball
tournament，since
basketball
is
the
most
popular
sport
in
the
school.
为此原因，我们建议我们应当组织一次学校篮球锦标赛，因为篮球是学校中最受欢迎的运动。
(1)organize...into...
组织……成为……
(2)organized
adj.
有组织的
(3)organization
n.
组织，机构
(4)organizer
n.
组织者，筹备者
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The
unwilling
parent
organizes
the
meal
schedule，sends
out
emails，and
collects
money
for
end?of?season
gifts.这位迫不得已的母亲干起了就餐安排、发电子邮件以及为购买赛季末的礼物而募集资金的工作。
②She
organized
the
class
into
four
groups.
她把全班分成四组。
[语境助记]
He
wanted
to
have
an
organization
organized
to
help
those
in
need，whose
organizers
could
make
its
work
well
organized.
他想成立一个组织来帮助那些需要帮助的人，其组织者能够使工作非常有序。
(教材P8)Though
he
has
never
met
any
aliens，he
believes
they
do
exist．
尽管他从未遇见过任何外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。
【要点提炼】 本句中的do用来加强语气，可翻译为“确实，的确”。
(1)do/does用于一般现在时的肯定句中；在一般过去时的肯定句中，用did。
(2)在祈使句中运用“do＋动词原形”常表示强烈的请求或更加客气的语气。意为“一定，务必”。
①He
does
come
here
earlier
than
anyone
else
in
his
class
every
morning.
他的确每天早上比班上其他同学早到这里。
②Do
let
me
know
when
you
have
trouble.
有麻烦时务必让我知道。
③He
did
smoke
two
packs
of
cigarettes
a
day
two
years
ago.两年前他确实每天抽两包烟。
(教材P11)I'll
get
it
done
today.
我今天将把它做完。
【要点提炼】 本句中get
it
done表示使某事发生，使某事完成。
(1)get
sb.to
do/doing
sth.让某人做/一直做某事
get
sb./sth.＋adj.使某人/某物变成某种状态
(2)get与make，have，let都是使役动词，但get后跟不定式作宾补时要带to，而make，have，let后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
①I
will
get
my
TV
set
repaired
this
afternoon.
今天下午我要找人修电视机。
②Peter
got
his
leg
broken(break)
while
playing
football.彼得踢足球时把腿弄伤了。
(教材P12)For
example,
a
question
like
‘Why
was
Stonehenge
built？’
is
not
a
good
one
because
not
everyone
knows
what
Stonehenge
is.
例如，像“为什么建巨石阵？”这样的问题不是好问题，因为并非每个人都知道巨石阵是什么。
【要点提炼】 句中not
everyone意为“并非每一个人”，表示部分否定。
(1)英语中部分否定的常见表达方式：否定副词与表示“全体”概念的词(all，both，every，everywhere，everyone，everything，always等)连用。基本结构为“否定副词＋表示全体概念的词”或“表示全体概念的词＋否定副词(否定副词否定的是谓语)”。
(2)①表示全部否定意义的词(no，none，nobody，nothing，neither等)＋表示肯定意义的谓语
②not/never＋any，anybody，anything，anywhere等不定代词/副词
①Not
all
kids
are
interested
in
drawing.
并非所有的孩子都对画画感兴趣。
②I
won't
tell
anyone
the
secret
you
told
me
yesterday.
我不会把你昨天告诉我的秘密告诉任何人的。
③This
kind
of
tree
is
not
found
everywhere．
这种树并非哪里都能找到。
④As
Mr.Yuan
proves，one
dream
is
not
always
enough.
正如袁先生所证明的，一个梦想并非总是足够的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You
don't
sound
very
enthusiastic
about
the
idea.
2．Many
species
of
animals
which
once
lived
on
the
earth
are
no
longer
in
existence(exist)．
3．The
present
is
not
appropriate
time
to
take
(take)
action
and
we
should
wait
for
some
time.
4．While
we
disagree
with
them，we
will
continue
to
work
with
them
to
resolve
our
differences.
5．The
public
expect
high
standards
from
any
large
organization
(organize)．
6．There
are
a
great
number
of
words
in
the
English
language
based
(base)
on
colors.
7．Before
driving
into
the
city，you
are
required
to
get
your
car
washed
(wash)．
8．The
mayor
awarded
(award)
the
police
officer
a
medal
of
honor
for
his
heroic
deed
in
rescuing
the
earthquake
victims.
9．—Do
you
need
any
help?
—Yes.The
job
is
more
than
I
can
do
myself.
10．He
had
a
wonderful
childhood，traveling
(travel)
with
his
mother
to
all
corners
of
the
world.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．你的儿子的确来过，但什么也没说。
Your
son
did
come，but
said
nothing.(do)
2．成功在于对工作的热情。
Success
exists
in
the
enthusiasm
for
your
work.(exist)
3．你打算到哪里去理发？
Where
are
you
going
to
get/have
your
hair
cut？(get/have)
4．她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。
She
soon
picked
up
French
when
she
went
to
live
in
France.(pick)
5．并不是他们所有的人都知道这个问题的答案。
Not
all
of
them
know
the
answer
to
this
question.
＝All
of
them
don't
know
the
answer
to
this
question.(not)
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Tales
of
the
unexplained
Section
Ⅱ Language
points(Ⅰ)(Welcometo
the
unit
&
Reading)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。
1．Have
you
got
any
further
scientific
evidence
(证据)
to
support
this
view?
2．After
graduation
I
want
to
work
as
a
journalist(记者)．
3．Many
people
want
to
go
to
the
moon
by
spaceship
(宇宙飞船)．
4．She
claims
she
was
unfairly
dismissed
(打发走，开除)
from
her
post.
5．What
were
you
doing
when
the
accident
occurred(发生)?
6．We
witnessed
tremendous
changes
in
the
city.
7．When
I
got
to
the
airport，my
friends
were
all
aboard
the
plane.
8．There
was
a
shooting
incident
near
here
last
night.
9．Alice
read
the
letter
with
a
puzzled
expression
on
her
face.
10．Two
players
are
out
of
the
team
because
of
injury．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。
1．appear
vi.出现，露面→disappear
vi.消失；失踪→appearance
n．出现，露面
2．puzzle
n．&vt.困惑→puzzled
adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzling
adj.令人困惑不解的
3．possible
adj.可能的→possibly
adv.可能地→possibility
n．可能性
4．injure
vt.受伤，伤害→injury
n．伤害→injured
adj.受伤的
5．amaze
vt.使惊奇(惊讶)→amazing
adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed
adj.惊奇(惊叹)的
adj.去e＋?y→adv.
否定前缀dis?
simply
adv.简单地，仅仅terribly
adv.糟糕地gently
adv.温柔地
disagree
v．不同意discover
v．发现disobey
v．不服从
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语。
1．believe
in
相信
2．step
up
加紧，加强，促进
3．due
to
由于，因为
4．get
ready
for
为……准备好
5．put
on
播放；穿上
6．show
up
出现，现身
7．do
research
on
对……进行研究
8．take
charge
of
负责，掌管
9．make
up
编造，杜撰；构成
10．look
into
调查
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1．The
department
was
badly
organized
until
she
took
charge
of
it.
2．We
were
expecting
thirty
people
to
come，but
half
of
them
never
showed
up．
3．They
have
stepped
up
their
efforts，but
the
mystery
hasn't
been
solved
yet.
4．It
is
reported
that
the
police
will
soon
look
into
the
case
of
the
two
missing
children.
5．The
15：30
train
to
Sheffield
has
been
called
off
due
to
situations
beyond
our
control.
动词＋up→动词短语
表“原因”的短语
bring
up
抚养；呕吐come
up
走近；被提出look
up
查阅；向上看
owing
to
因为，由于because
of
因为，由于thanks
to
因为，由于
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Witnesses
also
say
they
saw
Justin
walking
towards
his
house
at
10.45
p．m.目击者也说晚上10点45分他们看到贾斯廷正朝家走去。
句中含“感官动词(see)＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
I
saw
him
going
into
the
restaurant.我看见他正进入那家餐厅。
2.Standing
inside
were
lots
of
strange
creatures
with
white
skin
and
large
black
eyes.里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
该句为倒装句，其结构是“表语＋be＋主语”。
Sitting
at
the
back
of
the
room
was
a
girl
with
two
big
eyes.
坐在房间后面的是一个有双大眼睛的女孩。
3.When
asked
about
the
possibility
that
Justin
was
taken
by
aliens，Detective
Sam
Peterson，who
has
taken
charge
of
the
case，told
journalists...当被问到贾斯廷被外星人劫持的可能性时，负责此案的侦探萨姆·彼得森告诉记者……
When
asked为状语从句的省略形式，省略了he
was。
You
should
stay
where
you
are，unless
(you
are)
asked
to
leave.你应该待在你现在所在的地方，除非别人让你离开。
4.So，while
we
have
not
dismissed
the
idea，we
are
looking
into
other
possibilities
as
well.所以，尽管我们不排除这种想法，但是我们也在调查其他的可能性。
while在句中意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
While
I
am
willing
to
help，I
do
not
have
much
time
available.尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。
puzzled
adj.
困惑的，茫然的
(教材P2)Boy
missing，police
puzzled
男孩失踪，警方茫然
(1)puzzling
adj.
令人迷惑的
(2)puzzled
adj.
感到困惑的；茫然的
be
puzzled
by/over
对……感到困惑
look
puzzled
看上去困惑
be
puzzled
about
对……感到迷惑
(3)puzzlement
n.
迷惑，费解
①The
students
looked
at
the
professor
with
puzzled
looks.
学生们带着困惑的表情看着教授。
②I
explained
the
question
carefully，but
he
still
looked
puzzled
(puzzle)．
我仔细地解释了这一问题，但他看起来还是很困惑。
③John
was
puzzled
about
what
the
question
meant.
约翰不明白那个问题是什么意思。
[名师点津]
以后缀?ing结尾的形容词，多表示主语所具有的特征或属性，可译为“令人……的”；以后缀?ed结尾的形容词，多表示主语所处的状态，一般意为“(本身)感到……的”。
step
up
加紧，加强，促进；走上前去
(教材P2)Police
in
America
have
stepped
up
their
search
for
a
fifteen?year?old
boy
who
went
missing
three
days
ago
in
Dover，New
Hampshire.
美国警方现已加紧对一名15岁男孩的搜索，该男孩三天前在新罕布什尔州的多佛市失踪。
out
of
step
不合拍地
take
steps
to
do
sth.
采取措施做某事
step
by
step
一步一步地，逐渐地
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I
guess
that
there's
probably
some
demanding
work
schedule，or
social
anxiety
around
stepping
up
to
help
for
an
unknown
sport.
我估计站出来促进一项人们不了解的体育运动，一个人很可能要费力地安排好工作或者有社交焦虑。
②He
said
he
would
take
steps
to
correct
(correct)
the
mistakes.
他说他将采取措施来改正那些错误。
③Only
he
is
out
of
step
in
the
whole
line.
整个队列中只有他走得不齐。
assume
vt.
假定；认为
(教材P3)However，since
Mrs
Foster
thought
that
Justin
was
spending
the
night
with
a
friend，she
assumed
that
Kelly
was
having
a
bad
dream，and
sent
her
back
to
bed.
但是，福斯特夫人以为贾斯廷在一个朋友家过夜了，因此她认为凯莉只是做了个恶梦，于是将她打发回床上。
(1)assume
that...
认为……，假定……
assume...to
be＋n./adj.
假设……是……
(2)assuming
that...＝supposing/suppose
that...
假定……(引导条件状语从句)
①We
assumed
that
he
would
like
the
present
we
gave
him.
我们认为他会喜欢我们给他的礼物。
②I
assumed
him
to
be
(be)an
American.
我原以为他是美国人。
③Assuming
(assume)that
it
is
true，what
should
we
do？如果那是真的，我们该怎么办？
[图形助记]
He
assumed
an
air
of
concern.
他装出关心的样子。
occur
vi.发生
(教材P3)Mr
Foster
was
working
that
night
on
his
road
construction
job，and
was
not
home
when
these
events
occurred.
福斯特先生当晚忙于他的道路建设工作，当这些事件发生时他并不在家。
sth.occurs
to
sb.
某人想起某事
It
occurs
to
sb.to
do
sth.
某人想起做某事
It
occurs
to
sb.that...
某人想起……
①
It
occurred
to
me
that
I
should
turn
to
Mr
Li
for
help.
我想到我应该向李老师求助。
②I
was
going
along
the
street
looking
for
a
place
to
park
when
the
accident
occurred
(occur)．
我正沿街寻找停车的地方时，突然发生了事故。
③When
Babbage
was
working
at
Cambridge，a
new
idea
occurred
to
him.
在剑桥工作时，巴贝奇想到了一个新主意。
[名师点津]
occur为不及物动词，因而后面不能跟宾语，也无被动语态。
show
up(＝turn
up/appear)出现，现身，露面，出席，到场
(教材P3)When
Justin
did
not
show
up
for
lunch
the
next
day，Mrs
Foster
became
worried
and
told
her
husband
to
call
the
police.
第二天午饭时贾斯廷仍未露面，福斯特夫人开始担心了，于是让丈夫打电话报警。
(1)show
off
炫耀，卖弄
show
sb.in
领某人进来
show
sb.out
领某人出去
show
sb.around
带某人参观
(2)on
show
在展览
①I
waited
for
almost
an
hour，but
she
didn't
show
up.
我几乎等了一个小时她也没来。
②He
couldn't
help
showing
off
on
the
tennis
court.
他禁不住在网球场上卖弄起来。
③We
showed
them
around
our
school.
我们带领他们参观了我们学校。
aboard
adv.&
prep.在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；上(轮船、飞机、火车等)
(教材P3)The
aliens
took
me
aboard
the
UFO
so
that
they
could
do
research
on
me.
外星人将我带到不明飞行物上，以便他们能在我身上做研究。
go
aboard
上船(飞机等)
All
aboard!
请上船(飞机、火车等)!
Welcome
aboard!
欢迎乘坐！
①The
plane
crashed，killing
all
157
passengers
aboard.
飞机坠毁，机上157名乘客全部遇难。
②They
finally
went
aboard
the
plane.
他们终于登上了飞机。
③Don't
worry;
they
were
all
aboard
the
ship
last
night.
不用担心，昨天夜里他们都在船上。
[明辨异同] aboard，abroad，board，broad
aboard
prep.在(火车、船、飞机等)上
adv.上(火车、船、飞机等)
abroad
adv.在国外，到国外
board
v.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿
n.木板；膳食(费)；董事会
broad
adj.广阔的；宽阔的，广泛的；概括的
aboard，abroad，board，broad
④Tom
and
Mary
have
decided
to
study
abroad．Tom
will
board
the
plane
and
Mary
will
go
aboard
the
ship.After
arriving
there
they
will
prepare
to
board
with
their
friends.While
free，they
will
visit
the
broad
streets
and
high
buildings.
汤姆和玛丽已决定去国外读书。汤姆将乘坐飞机，玛丽将搭乘轮船。到那里之后，他们准备寄宿在朋友家里。空闲时，他们要去看看宽阔的街道和高楼大厦。
injury
n．[C，U]伤害，损害
(教材P3)Luckily，they
returned
me
home
without
any
injuries.
幸运的是，他们送我回家了，我没有受到任何伤害。
(1)do
sb.an
injury＝do
an
injury
to
sb.
使某人受伤害
(2)injure
vt.
伤害，损害
injured
adj.
受伤的
the
injured
伤员(类)
①Take
care，and
not
injure
yourself!
小心，别伤了自己！
②Don't
do
that.You'll
do
yourself
an
injury/do
an
injury
to
yourself.别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。
③The
injured
were
sent
(send)to
hospital
immediately
the
accident
happened.
事故一发生，伤员就被送往了医院。
[明辨异同] injure，hurt，wound，harm
injure
多指在事故中受伤
hurt
是一般用语，多指精神或肉体上的伤害，含有较强烈的“疼痛”意味
wound
主要指刀伤或枪伤
harm
多指给人的健康、权利、事业等带来的伤害
injure，hurt，wound，harm
④David
was
badly
wounded
in
the
war.
⑤He
hurt
his
leg
when
he
fell
off
the
ladder.
⑥Smoking
does
great
harm
to
his
health.
⑦Two
people
have
been
badly
injured
in
the
accident.
(教材P3)Sometimes
people
make
up
such
amazing
stories.
有时人们会编造这类令人感到惊奇的故事。
(1)make
up
编造，杜撰；构成，组成；补上(失去的东西)，弥补(常与for搭配)；化妆；和解
写出下列句中make
up的含义
①They
had
an
argument，but
they
have
already
made
up.
和解
②The
student
made
up
an
excuse
for
his
being
late.
编造
③They
make
up
one?third
of
the
province's
population.
构成
④She
made
up
her
face
to
look
prettier.
化妆
⑤They
made
up
for
their
inexperience
by
careful
preparation
for
each
lesson.
弥补
make
up
for
偿还；弥补
make
sure
of
确信；确定
make
out
辨认出；了解；看清；听清
make
fun
of
sb.
取笑某人
make
it
成功，达到目的
make
ends
meet
量入为出，使收支相抵
make
sense
讲得通；有意义
make
sense
of
理解；明白
⑥How
can
we
make
up
for
what
you
have
suffered?
我们如何才能补偿你所遭受的损害？
⑦He
was
wearing
a
ragged
black
overcoat，but
she
could
make
out
blood
on
his
hands
and
face.
他穿了一件破烂的黑色大衣，但是她能看出他的手上和脸上有血。
[名师点津]
make
up
作“组成，构成”讲，用于主动句中；在被动句中用be
made
up
of，用整体作主语；consist
of
用整体作主语表“包含，含有”。不能用于被动语态。
⑧Five
doctors
and
ten
nurses
make
up
the
medical
team.
＝The
medical
team
is
made
up
of
five
doctors
and
ten
nurses.
＝The
medical
team
consists
of
five
doctors
and
ten
nurses.这个医疗队由5个医生和10个护士组成。
(2)amazing
adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的
(1)amaze
vt.
使吃惊
(2)amazed
adj.
感到吃惊的
be
amazed
at/by
sb./sth.
对某人/某物感到吃惊
be
amazed
to
see/find/learn
...
惊异地看到/发现/获悉……
(3)amazement
n.
惊愕；惊诧
to
one's
amazement
令某人吃惊的是
⑨It
was
the
most
amazing
experience
of
my
life.
它是我生命中最令人惊异的经历。
⑩Anyway，I'm
amazed
at/by
the
progress
you've
made.
不管怎样，我对你取得的进步感到惊讶。
?To
my
amazement(amaze)，he
remembered
me.
使我吃惊的是，他还记得我。
[语境助记]
People
are
amazed
at
Justin's
disappearance，and
to
everyone's
amazement，Kelly
said
some
amazing
things
happened
last
night,
which
amazed
the
police.
人们对贾斯廷的失踪感到吃惊，而且让大家都惊讶的是，凯莉说昨晚发生一些奇怪的事，这让警察感到惊奇。
dismiss
vt.不予考虑；对……不屑一提；解雇；免职；开除；驳回
(教材P3)So，while
we
have
not
dismissed
the
idea，we
are
looking
into
other
possibilities
as
well.
所以，尽管我们不排除这种想法，但是我们也在调查其他的可能性。
dismiss
sb./sth.
(as
sth.
)
对某人或某物不予理会或不屑一提
dismiss
sb.
from...
把某人从……(职位)解雇
dismiss
sb.
for...
因……解雇某人
①She
was
dismissed
as
a
dreamer.
人们认为她是个空想家而不予理睬。
②He
was
dismissed
from
his
job
for
his
careless
mistakes.他由于粗心带来的错误而被解雇了。
③The
case
was
dismissed(dismiss)
because
there
was
no
evidence.由于没有证据，该案被驳回了。
(教材P2)Witnesses
also
say
they
saw
Justin
walking
towards
his
house
at
10.45
p．m.
目击者也说晚上10点45分他们看到贾斯廷正朝家走去。
(1)【要点提炼】 本句中含有“感官动词(see)＋宾语＋宾补”结构：saw
Justin
walking
towards
his
house，宾补由现在分词短语充当。
(1)“感官动词(see)＋宾语＋宾补”结构还有：
see
sb./sth.do
sth.看到某人/某物做了某事(全过程)
see
sb./sth.done看到某人/某事被做
(2)用于“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见感官动词、短语还有：look
at，listen
to，hear，smell，observe，find，watch，notice等
(3)常见宾补形式
①现在分词(强调动作正在进行)
②不带to的不定式(强调动作的全过程，当宾补变为主补时，不定式符号to要加上；但“notice/watch
sb.do”中的宾补不能变为主补，即notice/watch
sb.do没有相应的被动结构)
③过去分词(可表示被动和动作已经完成)
①I
saw
him
practicing
speaking
English
by
the
river
this
morning.
今天早上我看到他正在河边练习说英语。
②She
hid
in
the
dark
and
watched
him
do
(do)the
dangerous
experiment.
她躲在暗处，看他做那个危险的实验。
③I
found
him
tied(tie)
to
a
tree
when
I
visited
him.
当我去拜访他时，发现他被绑在一棵树上。
(2)witness
n．目击者，证人
vt.目击，见证
(1)witness
sth.
为……作证
(2)be
(a)witness
to
sth.
看见某事发生；证明……真实
bear/give
witness
to
sth.
为……作证；证明某事
④China
has
witnessed
great
changes
in
different
areas
of
society
since
1978.自从1978年以来中国见证了很多社会领域的巨大变化。
⑤The
police
are
looking
for
witnesses
to
the
accident.
警方正在寻找该事故的目击者。
⑥Recent
years
have
witnessed(witness)
a
growing
price
of
daily
goods.
近年来日用品价格不断上涨。
[图形助记]
(教材P2)Standing
inside
were
lots
of
strange
creatures
with
white
skin
and
large
black
eyes.
里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
【要点提炼】 本句的主语为lots
of
strange
creatures
with
white
skin
and
large
black
eyes，因为主语过长，为平衡句子结构，本句采用了完全倒装结构。
(1)当作表语的形容词、分词提到be动词前面时，句子用全部倒装，构成“形容词/分词＋
be动词＋主语”结构。
(2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首倒装时，要注意谓语动词与后面主语在人称和数上保持一致。此类谓语动词有：lie，stand，live，sit，be，come，go等。
(3)表示方向、地点和时间的部分副词位于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装结构。此类副词有：away，off，in，out，up，down，then等。
①Present
at
the
meeting
were
the
policemen
who
wanted
to
step
up
their
search
for
the
missing
boy.
参加会议的是想加快寻找失踪男孩的警察。
②At
the
school
gate
sat
some
parents，waiting
to
see
their
children.
一些父母坐在校门口，等着看望他们的孩子。
③In
came
the
boy
with
a
ball
in
his
arms.
那个男孩抱着一个球进来了。
[名师点津]
当句子主语为代词时，只把表示方位或方式的副词提前，主谓不倒装。
(教材P3)When
asked
about
the
possibility
that
Justin
was
taken
by
aliens，Detective
Sam
Peterson，who
has
taken
charge
of
the
case，told
journalists...当被问到贾斯廷被外星人劫持的可能性时，负责此案的侦探萨姆·彼得森告诉记者……
(1)【要点提炼】 本句中When
asked
about
the
possibility...是状语从句的省略，完整的句子是When
Detective
Sam
Peterson
was
asked
about
the
possibility...。
在when，while，if，as
if，although/though，as，until,
once，whether，unless等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语部分含有be动词，而主语为it或主语与主句的主语一致时，则从句的主语和be动词可以一起省略。
①Work
hard
when(you
are)young，or
you'll
regret.
趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
②Don't
come
in
until
(you
are)
asked．
不请你，不要进来。
③While(I
am)reading
a
book，I
often
write
down
some
important
points
in
it.
当我读书时，我经常记下其中一些要点。
(2)take
charge
of
负责，掌管
in
charge(of)
负责(某事)
in
the
charge
of
由……掌管/负责
in
one's
charge
由某人掌管、负责
free
of
charge
免费
④The
secretary
took
charge
of
the
matter
before
her
boss
returned.老板回来之前，这件事由秘书负责。
⑤These
books
were
sent
to
our
school
free
of
charge．
这些书是免费送给我们学校的。
[名师点津]
take
charge
of，in
charge
of，in
the
charge
of都有“负责”之意，但用法不同。take
charge
of为动词短语，在句中一般作谓语；in
charge
of(含有主动意义)与in
the
charge
of(含有被动意义)为介词短语，用于名词后作定语，或者与be动词等连用作谓语。
⑥Mr
Wang
is
taking
charge
of
the
project
at
present.
＝Mr
Wang
is
in
charge
of
the
project
at
present.
＝The
project
is
in
the
charge
of
Mr
Wang
at
present.
目前，王先生负责这项工程。
1．(教材P3)However，since
Mrs
Foster
thought
that
Justin
was
spending
the
night
with
a
friend，she
assumed
that
Kelly
was
having
a
bad
dream，and
sent
her
back
to
bed.
【分析】 本句是主从复合句。句中since引导原因状语从句，其中thought后是一个由that引导的宾语从句。主句中assumed与sent是并列谓语，其中assumed后接一个由that引导的宾语从句。
【翻译】 但是，福斯特夫人以为贾斯廷在一个朋友家过夜了，因此她认为凯莉只是做了个恶梦，于是将她打发回床上。
2．(教材P5)As
we
now
know，the
machine
that
was
found
looked
more
like
something
made
by
a
local
schoolboy
than
anything
that
could
ever
travel
in
space.
【分析】 As
we
now
know...是as引导的定语从句，修饰后面的整个句子，that
was
found是定语从句，修饰the
machine；made
by
a
local
schoolboy是过去分词作定语，修饰something；that
could
ever
travel
in
space是定语从句，修饰anything。
【翻译】 众所周知，被发现的那个机器看起来更像是一个当地学校的男孩制造的东西，而不是能够穿越太空的飞行器。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．While
driving(drive)，he
listens
to
the
radio.
2．He
was
dismissed(dismiss)
because
he
didn't
achieve
the
aim
of
increasing
sales
they
had
set.
3．—Do
you
have
any
plan
for
the
coming
holiday?
—I
thought
I
might
stay
with
my
parents,
but
something
unexpected
has
occurred(occur)．
4．We
all
can
go
out
for
a
picnic
this
afternoon—assuming(assume)
that
the
others
agree.
5．I
was
amazed
that
he
broke
the
world
record
at
an
amazing
speed,
which
also
amazed
the
world.
(amaze)
6．Facing
the
puzzling
situation,
the
sales
manager
looked
puzzled.
(puzzle)
7．The
teacher
was
satisfied
to
see
many
students
studying(study)
hard
in
the
classroom.
8．Standing(stand)
before
the
spaceship
were
two
aliens.
9．The
passengers
aboard
the
flight
MH370
went
missing.
10．There
were
several
incidents(incident)
on
the
frontier.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．When
the
minister
came
to
the
snow?stricken
area,
he
was
happy
to
see
the
disaster
victims
well
take
good
of.
take→taken
2．Assumed
that
the
advice
is
accepted,
when
are
we
going
to
get
the
money？
Assumed→Assuming
3．The
accident
was
due
to
drive
at
high
speed.
drive→driving
4．She
had
a
puzzling
look
on
her
face
when
she
couldn't
work
out
the
maths
problem.
puzzling→puzzled
5．That
occured
to
her
that
she
might
adopt
a
homeless
child.
That→It
6．Take
a
hat
with
you
in
case
of
the
sun
is
very
hot.
去掉of
7．In
my
amazement,
he
actually
refused
to
help
me.
In→To
8．As
far
as
I
see,
it
is
no
possibility
that
he
will
win
the
tennis
match
this
time.
it→there
9．When
he
came
back,
he
saw
the
broken
door
repair.
repair→repaired
10．Among
the
crises
that
face
humans
is
there
the
lack
of
natural
resources.
去掉there
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．他被看到走出了教室。
He
was
observed
to
go
out
of
the
classroom.(go)
2．走在前面的是我们的老师。
Walking
at
the
front
was
our
teacher.(be)
3．博物馆建成后，明年就会对公众开放。
When
completed，the
museum
will
be
open
to
the
public
next
year.(complete)
4．他想到他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
It
occurred
to
him
that
he
had
left
his
keys
in
the
office.(occur)
5．带上伞以防下雨。
Take
an
umbrella
with
you
in
case
it
rains．(case)
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