中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
非谓语动词综合讲练
)
非谓语动词用法梳理
（一）、非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
to
be
doing
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词
一般式
doing
being
done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生
现在分词/动名词
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
一般式
done
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
Many
Chinese
brands，having
developed
their
reputations
over
centuries，are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
There
are
still
many
problems
to
be
solved
before
we
are
ready
for
a
long
stay
on
the
Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。
（二）、非谓语动词作定语
1．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly
a
good
idea
occurred
to
her，but
she
couldn't
find
any
paper
to
write
on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the
last，the
only
等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
He
is
always
the
first
to
arrive
at
the
school
and
the
last
to
leave
the
school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way
等。
And
the
best
way
to
strengthen
willpower
is
to
make
it
into
a
habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The
ability
to
express
an
idea
is
as
important
as
the
idea
itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
(4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，作定语的不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
Have
you
got
anything
to
buy?
你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者)
I
want
to
go
to
Beijing.Do
you
have
anything
to
be
bought?
我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者)
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。
To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution，I'd
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
conducted
in
Australia
in
2012.
为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。
Last
night，there
were
millions
of
people
watching
the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
[名师点津]
非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being
done；表示主动、尚未进行用to
do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to
be
done。试比较：
①The
bridge
built
recently
was
designed
by
a
local
company.
②Today
there
are
more
airplanes
carrying
more
people
than
ever
before
in
the
skies.
③The
bridge
being
built
now
was
designed
by
a
local
company.
④The
question
to
be
discussed
at
tomorrow's
meeting
is
very
important.
（三）、非谓语动词作状语
1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，可用so
as
to/
in
order
to替换，但
so
as
to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
To
make
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us，you'd
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only
to
do；enough
to
do(足够做……)；too...to
do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as
to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom
took
a
taxi
to
the
airport，only
to
find
his
plane
high
up
in
the
sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to
do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed
等。
We
were
astonished
to
find
the
temple
still
in
its
original
condition.
令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
易错警示
语法填空和短文改错中常考查
“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
2．分词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Ordered
over
a
week
ago，the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。
Like
ancient
sailors，birds
can
find
their
way
using
the
sun
and
the
stars.
像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。
[注意] 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：located
(坐落于)，lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried
in(沉溺于)，dressed
in(穿着)，tired
of(厌烦的)，faced
with(面对着)。
Absorbed
in
painting，John
didn't
notice
evening
approaching.
由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally
speaking一般来说；frankly
speaking坦白地说；judging
from/by...根据……来判断；considering.../taking...into
consideration考虑到……；to
tell
you
the
truth说实话；compared
to/with与……相比。
Judging
from
his
accent，he
is
from
Hong
Kong.
从口音判断，他是香港人。
To
tell
you
the
truth，I
am
a
little
tired.
说实话，我有点累。
4．独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构(The
Nominative
Absolute
Construction)。
独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。
独立主格结构的构成：①名词/代词＋名词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
The
test
finished(＝When
the
test
was
finished)，we
began
our
holiday.
考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
The
president
assassinated(＝Because
the
president
was
assassinated)，the
whole
country
was
in
deep
sorrow.
总统被暗杀了，全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。
（四）、非谓语动词作宾语
1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail
(未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen
(碰巧)等。
She
seated
herself
at
a
small
table
in
the
restaurant，waiting
to
be
served.
她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。
2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避开)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel
like，give
up，put
off，object
to，look
forward
to等。此外，have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.；have
fun
(in)
doing
sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。
I
avoided
mentioning
the
subject
in
case
he
should
be
offended.
我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
It's
quite
hot
today.Do
you
feel
like
going
for
a
swim?
今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
I
remembered
to
lock
the
door
before
I
left
the
office，but
forgot
to
turn
off
the
lights.
我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。
—That
would
mean
wasting
a
lot
of
labour.
——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。
—Really？I
don't
mean
to
waste
any
labour.
——是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。
Was
she
worried
about
how
I
would
react
or
that
I
would
stop
buying
the
groceries
if
I
found
out?
她是担忧如果我发现这件事情我的反应还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货呢？
易错警示
(1)动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.?ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find
out
等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether，where，when，who
等。
(3)介词后一般要接v.?ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。
（五）、非谓语动词作宾补
1．不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call
on，depend
on等。
If
we
expect
people
to
give
up
the
habit
of
driving，we
must
give
them
an
alternative
they
can
rely
on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
Having
finished
her
project，she
was
invited
by
the
school
to
speak
to
the
new
students.
完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
(1)有些动词，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用to
be作宾补或主补。
Chinese
people
are
considered
to
be
the
most
hard?working
people
in
the
world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb.be
said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to
do/to
have
done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。
He
is
thought
to
have
acted
foolishly.Now
he
has
no
one
but
himself
to
blame
for
losing
the
job.
大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。
2．分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。
Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
calling
for
help？听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。
Back
from
his
two?year
medical
service
in
Africa，Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
taken
good
care
of
at
home.
李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。
(3)使役动词have，get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have
sth.done＝get
sth.done让别人做某事；②have
sb./sth.doing让……一直做某事；get
sth./sb.doing
使……开始做某事；③have
sb.do
sth.＝get
sb.to
do
sth.让某人做某事。
Before
driving
into
the
city，you
are
required
to
get
your
car
washed.
在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
(4)with的复合结构为：①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动说明动作正在发生或经常发生；②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋to
do表示将要发生的动作。
The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
following
them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With
such
a
short
time
left
before
the
deadline，it
doesn't
seem
likely
that
John
will
finish
the
job.
截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With
a
lot
of
work
to
do，she
wasn't
allowed
to
leave
her
office.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
（六）、非谓语动词作主语和表语
1．不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
No
matter
how
bright
a
talker
you
are，there
are
times
when
it's
better
to
remain
silent.
不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。
(2)不定式作表语时，①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His
wish
is
to
be
a
doctor
in
the
future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What
I
want
to
do
most
in
senior
high
is
(to)
improve
my
English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2．动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's
a
waste
of
time
doing...；It's
no
use/good
doing...；It
is
useless
doing...，There
is
no
doing...等中。
Facing
up
to
your
problems
rather
than
running
away
from
them
is
the
best
approach
to
working
things
out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。
It's
no
use
complaining
without
taking
action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My
job
is
cleaning
the
house
three
times
a
week(＝Cleaning
the
house
three
times
a
week
is
my
job)．
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
(3)remain作连系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to
be
done。
She
remained
standing
though
we
repeatedly
asked
her
to
sit
down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。
It
remains
to
be
seen
whether
the
newly?formed
committee's
policy
can
be
put
into
practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数，这是短文改错中常考的语法点。
（七）、非谓语动词与语法填空
1．对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断所给提示词是否要用其非谓语动词。再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词，如：作主语、宾语用动名词或不定式；作目的状语常用不定式，作伴随状语常用现在分词等。
2．确定要用非谓语动词后，再根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系、动作发生的时间以及句意，判断出该使用何种非谓语动词形式。
高考高频词汇精选背诵（O/P字母）
obesity
overcome
panic
permanent
overlook
occur
participate
persevere
objective
offend
particular
perspective
oblige
opponent
passion
polish
observe
overall
promising
postpone
obstacle
oppose
patent
potential
obtain
oppress
pursuit
primary
outstanding
option
peak
promote
occasional
original
peer
property
occupy
outlook
pension
prospect
单句语法填空（注意非谓语动词用法）
1．I
want
this
precious
opportunity
very
much
_______
(improve)
my
organizational
ability.
2．Imagine
________
(climb)
up
to
the
80th
floor
of
your
office
building
without
an
elevator.
3．Nearly
all
the
people
__________
(interview)
believe
confidence
is
the
key
to
success.
4．The
problems____________
(discuss)
at
the
meeting
tomorrow
are
really
hard
to
solve(solve)．
5．_______
(remind)
myself
of
the
past
pleasant
days，I
have
some
related
photos
pinned
beside
my
desk.
6．The
student
____(absorb)
in
the
games
on
the
smartphone
during
class
did
not
notice
his
teacher
behind
him.
7．In
the
beauty
competition，women
are
asked
________
(perform)
some
of
the
exercises
to
the
music.
8．China
has
strengthened
security
checks
of
government
websites,
________
(hope)
to
clean
up
those
that
are
not
up
to
standard
by
the
end
of
2017.
9．__________
(wait)
for
the
bus
for
thirty
minutes，he
lost
his
patience
and
felt
very
anxious.
10．The
volunteers
are
reminded
of
taking
everything
_________
(belong)
to
them
before
leaving
the
hotel.
参考答案：1.to
improve
2.
climbing
3.
interviewed
4.
to
be
discussed
5.
To
remind
absorbed
7.
to
perform
8.
hoping
9.
Having
waited
10.
belonging
高考核心词汇检测
Parking
in
this
street
is
the
___________
of
the
residents.
A.
privilege
B.
objection
C.
output
D.
obstacle
He
managed
to
get
a
loan
to
________
a
house.
A.
quote
B.
purchase
C.
possess
D.
overlook
He’s
not
easy
to
get
on
with.
He
easily
takes
_______
at
the
slightest
things.
A.
pleasure
B.
offence
C.
profit
D.
occupation
The
designer
applied
for
a
_______
for
his
new
invention.
A.
passport
B.
password
C.
patent
D.
pattern
The
book
gives
a
brief
_______
of
the
course
of
his
research
up
till
now.
A.
outlook
B.
outline
C.
origin
D.outcome
Yesterday
I
received
a
postal
package.
Which
of
the
following
can
replace
the
underlined
word?
A.
baggage
B.
packet
C.
parcel
D.
bag
The
early
_____
had
to
go
through
many
hardships
to
settle
on
the
new
land.
A.
pioneers
B.
physicians
C.
politicians
D.
prisoners
The
_______
is
so
moving
and
perfect
that
it’s
almost
beyond
the
audients’
expectation.
A.
platform
B.
phenomenon
C.
performance
D.
qualification
Linda
was
__________
the
work
of
redecorating
her
house.
A.
occupied
with
B.
obliged
to
C.
peculiar
to
D.
qualified
for
Many
people
think
the
______
of
the
film
is
too
simple
to
attract
the
audience.
A.
plug
B.
plot
C.
portrait
D.
potential
Mr.
Thomason
was
always
_________,
even
when
things
were
at
their
worst.
outgoing
B.
optional
C.
pessimistic
D.
optimistic
Given
the
chance,
John
might
have
become
a
(an)
__________
painter.
A.
outstanding
B.
occasional
C.
precious
D.
pregnant
He’s
very
_____
having
his
breakfast
at
exactly
8
o’clock.
A.
peculiar
to
B.
particular
about
C.
parallel
to
D.
prepared
to
I
waved
my
dog
to
_____into
the
water
to
save
the
child.
A.
plunge
B.
pray
C.
preserve
D.
proceed
On
hearing
the
soft
footsteps
outside
her
room,
she
was
in
a
(an)
______.
A.
orphanage
B.
orchestra
C.
panic
D.
parade
参考答案：
1~5
ABBCB
6~10
CACAB
11~15.
DABAC
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A
Art
of
living
Aristotle
once
wrote
that
“happiness
is
a
state
of
activity”.
In
other
words,
whether
you
are
seeking
lifelong
satisfaction
(31)
______
a
few
moments
of
good
cheer,
you
have
got
to
move
forward.
We’ve
surveyed
the
experts
and
found
four
steps(32)
______
(take)
toward
a
sunny
disposition（性格）.
1.
VALUE
YOUR
RELATIONSHIPS
Over
a
30-year
period,
University
of
Illinois
researchers
asked
nearly
12,000
people
(33)
______
income,
education,
political
participation,
volunteer
activities,
and
close
relationships
affected
their
happiness.
Reported
Newsweek’s
Sharon
Begley
on
the
findings,
“The
highest
level
of
happiness
(34)
______
(find)
with
the
most
stable,
longest,
and
most
contented
relationships.”
2.
EXPRESS
YOURSELF
Singing
aloud,
talking
to
a
stranger,
raising
your
hand:
All
may
increase
a
feeling
of
well-being,
according
to
(35)
______
study
from
Wake
Forest
University.
Participants
tracked
their
moods
for
two
weeks
and
reported
feeling
happier
when
they
were
(36)
______
(outgoing).
3.
SPEND
MONEY
ON
OTHERS
The
editors
of
forbes.com
gave
$5
or
$20
randomly
to
46
strangers.
Half
the
group
was
told
to
spend
money
on
(37)
______,
while
the
other
half
was
told
to
spend
it
on
others.
Those
who’d
shared
the
wealth
felt
much
happier
at
the
end
of
the
day
than
those
who’d
spent
it
on
themselves.
There
was
no
difference
in
happiness
between
those
who
spent
$5
or
$20,
suggesting
that
it’s
not
how
much
money
you
spend,
but
how
you
spend
it,
(38)
______
can
boost
(提升)
the
spirit.
4.
FOCUS
ON
THE
POSITVE
Studies
from
the
University
of
Pennsylvania’s
Positive
Psychology
Center
show
that
negative-minded
people
(39)
______
wrote
down
three
good
things
that
happened
to
them
each
day
for
six
months
reported
an
(40)
______
(improve)
outlook.
31.or
32.
to
take
33.how
34.is
found
35.
a
36.more
outgoing
37.themselves
38.that
39.who
40.improved
Section
B
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
base
B.
presentations
C.
required
D.
determines
E.question
F.
practical
G
generally
H.
received
I.
organized
J.
participation
K.
presentations
Student
41
in
the
classroom
is
not
only
accepted
but
also
expected
of
the
student
in
many
courses.
Some
professors____42
part
of
the
final
grade
on
the
student’s
oral
participation.
Although
there
are
formal
lectures
during
which
the
student
has
a
passive
role
(i.e.,
listening
and
taking
notes),
many
courses
are
____43
around
classroom
discussions,
student
questions,
and
informal
lectures.
In
graduate
discussions
the
professor
had
a
“manager”
role
and
the
students
make
____44
and
lead
discussions.
The
students
do
the
actual
teaching
in
these
discussions.
A
professor’s
teaching
method
is
another
factor
that
___45
the
degree
and
type
of
student
participation.
Some
professors
prefer
to
control
discussions
while
others
prefer
to
guide
the
class
without
controlling
it.
Many
professors
encourage
students
to
____46
their
ideas.
Students
who
object
to
the
professor’s
point
of
view
should
be
prepared
to
prove
their
positions.
In
the
teaching
of
science
and
mathematics,
the
controlling
mode
of
instruction
is
47___
traditional,
with
teachers
presenting
formal
lectures
and
students
taking
notes.
However,
new
educational
trends
have
turned
up
in
the
humanities
and
social
sciences
in
the
past
twenty
years.
Students
in
education,
society,
and
history
classes,
for
example,
are
often
____48
to
solve
problems
in
groups,
design
projects,
make
____49
,
and
examine
case
studies.
Since
some
college
or
university
courses
are
“____50
”
rather
than
theoretical,
they
pay
more
attention
to
“doing”
for
themselves.
41.J
42.A
43.I
44.
B
45.D
46.E
47.G
48.C
9.K
50.
F
Section
C
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
1她的工作效率一点也不高，这常常遭到老板的指责。(which)
2不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(put
off)
3
我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。（it）
4你的词汇量越大，你阅读原版小说会越感到容易。(The
more…the
more)
5那些志愿者做好事的人从来就不图金钱回报，他们认为只有这样才能问心无愧。（in
return）
Translation（only
for
reference）
Her
work
is
far
from
being
efficient,
which
is
often
scolded
by
the
boss.
However
(+a./ad.+
主谓)
late
it
is,
he
never
puts
off
what
must
be
done
today
till
tomorrow.
I
find
it
hard
to
cooperate
with
those
who
always
stick
to
their
own
opinions.
The
larger
your
vocal
bury
is,
the
easier
you
will
find
it
to
read
original
novels.
Those
who
volunteer
to
do
good
deeds
never
ask
for
money
in
return.
They
think
only
in
this
way,
can
they
have
a
clear
conscience.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
and
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Artificial
intelligence
is
technology
designed
to
perform
jobs
that
require
higher-level
thinking
skills,
in
other
words,
skills
like
those
of
human
intelligence.
Artificial
intelligence
systems
are
____51____
in
economics,
to
study
things
like
stock
market
activity.
They
are
also
used
in
medicine---for
example,
to
help
doctors
____52____
disorders,
choose
the
best
treatment,
or
___53___
on
patients.
And
they
are
used
in
the
military,
to
develop
systems
like
self-guiding
vehicles
and
so-called
smart
bombs
that
look
for
their
____54____.
They
can
____55___
monitor
spacecraft.
A
Research
Project
on
Artificial
Intelligence
started
50
years
ago,
in
the
summer
of
1956.
Recently
a
___56___
was
held
in
Dartmouth
College,
and
over
100
scientists
gathered
to
____57____
the
development
in
artificial
intelligence
in
the
next
50
years.
The
research
of
artificial
intelligence
is
based
on
the
theory
that
every
part
of
____58____
intelligence
could
be
described
in
____59____
detail
that
a
machine
could
be
made
to
copy
it.
It
is
true
that
computers
are
being
built
to
operate
in
some
ways
like
the
____60___.
However,
machines
are
____61____
to
fully
capture
all
human
emotions,
feelings
and
creativity---at
least
not
anytime
soon.
Computers
may
never
____62____
humans,
but
humans
should
expect
to
find
more
and
more
“smart
machines”.
These
devices
could
someday
even
be
____63____
in
the
body.
Yet
progress
with
artificial
intelligence
has
been
____64____
than
what
scientists
fifty
years
ago
expected.
For
example,
scientists
find
it
difficult
to
train
computers
to
freely
use
and
translate
languages.
Using
a
language
correctly
____65____
a
knowledge
of
countless
social
and
cultural
situations
and
conditions.
So
far,
language
is
an
area
where
humans
still
consider
themselves
smarter
than
machines.
A.
created
B.
applied
C.
formed
D.
switched
A.
inform
B.
recognize
C.
reform
D.
search
A.
operate
B.
investigate
C.
perform
D.
relieve
A.
area
B.
purposes
C.
targets
D.
regulations
A.
ever
B.
even
C.
normally
D.
correctly
A.
conference
B.
commitment
C.
connection
D.
contact
A.
plan
B.
invent
C.
engage
D.
devote
A.
high
B.
smart
C.
average
D.
human
A.
much
B.
many
C.
such
D.
so
A.
body
B.
brain
C.
humans
D.
experts
A.
sure
B.
uncertain
C.
likely
D.
unlikely
A.
ruin
B.
substitute
C.
replace
D.
defeat
A.
infused
B.
implanted
C.
grown
D.
transplanted
A.
quicker
B.
slower
C.
better
D.
worse
A.
requires
B.
makes
C.
offers
D.
Changes
51
–
65
BBACB
AADCB
DCBBA
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
your
have
just
read.
（A）
Once
upon
a
time,
a
man
punished
his
5-year-old
daughter
for
using
up
the
family's
only
roll
of
expensive
gold
wrapping
paper.
Money
was
tight,
and
he
became
even
more
upset
when
on
Christmas
Eve,
he
saw
that
the
child
had
pasted
the
gold
paper
so
as
to
decorate
a
shoebox
to
put
under
the
Christmas
tree.
Nevertheless,
the
next
morning
the
little
girl,
filled
with
excitement,
brought
the
gift
box
to
her
father
and
said,
"This
is
for
you,
Daddy!"
As
he
opened
the
box,
the
father
was
embarrassed
by
his
earlier
overreaction.
But
when
he
opened
it,
he
found
it
was
empty
and
again
his
anger
flared.
"Don't
you
know,
young
lady,”
he
said
harshly,
“when
you
give
someone
a
present
there's
supposed
to
be
something
inside
the
package!"
The
little
girl
looked
up
at
him
with
tears
rolling
from
her
eyes
and
said:
"Daddy,
it's
not
empty.
I
blew
kisses
into
it
until
it
was
all
full."
The
father
was
crushed.
He
fell
on
his
knees
and
put
his
arms
around
his
precious
little
girl.
He
begged
her
to
forgive
him
for
his
unnecessary
anger.
An
accident
took
the
life
of
the
child
only
a
short
time
later.
It
is
told
that
the
father
kept
that
little
gold
box
by
his
bed
for
all
the
years
of
his
life.
Whenever
he
was
discouraged
or
faced
difficult
problems
he
would
open
the
box,
take
out
an
imaginary
kiss,
and
remember
the
love
of
this
beautiful
child
who
had
put
it
there.
In
a
very
real
sense,
each
of
us
as
human
beings
have
been
given
an
invisible
golden
box
filled
with
unconditional
love
and
kisses
from
our
children,
family,
friends
and
God.
???????
There
is
no
more
precious
possession
anyone
could
hold.
66.
Father
begged
his
daughter
forgive
him
for
his
unnecessary
anger
when_________.
A.
he
found
his
daughter
used
up
the
family's
only
roll
of
expensive
gold
wrapping
paper
B.
he
opened
the
box
and
found
it
was
empty
C.
his
daughter
told
him
that
box
was
full
of
her
kisses
D.
an
accident
took
the
life
of
the
girl
only
a
short
time
later
67.
When
did
the
daughter
prepared
the
special
gift
for
her
father?
A.
After
Christmas
B.
At
Christmas
C.
Before
Christmas
Eve
D.
After
Christmas
Eve
68.
Which
of
the
following
sentences
was
not
true?
A.
The
father
was
not
angry
at
the
first
sight
of
the
empty
box..
B.
When
the
girl
was
five
years
old,
an
accident
took
her
life.
C.
When
the
father
was
discouraged
or
faced
difficulty,
he
would
miss
his
daughter
and
feel
sad.
D.
From
the
story
we
knew
that
the
father
and
the
daughter
loved
each
other
deeply.
69.
What
is
the
most
precious
possession
that
we
can
hold?
A.
The
gifts
from
our
family
and
friends
B.
The
love
we
enjoy
from
our
family
and
friends
without
any
conditions
C.
The
empty
box
full
of
the
kisses
D.
We
feel
happy
by
exchanging
love
with
our
family
and
friends
66~69:
C
C
A
B
(B)
Science
Adventures
Day
Camp
2011
Science
Adventures
presents
four
exciting
weeks
for
science
camps
in
Summer
2011!
Our
all-new
featured
projects
and
activities
will
engage
and
excite
your
children.
Every
week-long
camp
is
an
adventure
in
learning
and
fun.
GO
WILD!
Leap
into
the
wild
with
Gizabelle
on
wonderful
adventure
to
research
into
extreme
plants
and
animals.
All
campers
will:
Meet
live
animals
face-to-face
Build
a
microscope
Examine
a
bug's
life
Enter
the
world
of
bats
and
birds
Full-day
campers
will:
Go
on
a
dinosaur
hunt
GIZMOS
&
GADGETS
Invent
with
Electronics!
Join
Gizmo
in
his
secret
lab
where
imagination
and
science
mix
to
create
amazing
inventions.
All
campers
will:
Explore
electricity
with
a
hands-on
electronic
kit
Make
ice
cream
without
a
freezer
Full-day
campers
will:
Build
motorized
K'Nex
racers
Design
a
marble
roller
coaster
MYSTERY
OF
THE
PHARAOHS'
TREASURE
Solve
an
Egyptian
mystery!
Journey
to
the
land
of
the
pharaohs
(法老)
to
solve
a
mystery
and
hunt
for
two
treasures!
All
campers
will:
Interpret
hieroglyphics
(象形文字)
Dig
an
ancient
mummy
Take
home
some
gold
treasure
Full-day
campers
will:
Find
three
secret
stones
Build
a
rock
and
crystal
collection
Collect
beautiful
gemstones
(宝石)
SPACE
&
ROCKETRY'
11
Launch
the
Comet
Rocket!
Join
a
mission
through
space
on
an
amazing
journey
to
the
stars.
All
campers
will:
Build
and
launch
the
solid-fueled
Comet
Rocket
Make
a
working
telescope
Build
a
light-up
model
of
our
solar
system
Full-day
campers
will:
Explore
the
secrets
of
Mars
Build
a
motorized
K'Nex
Mars
Rover
Create
a
fiber-optic
constellation
70.
The
passage
is
mainly
written
for
A.
school
children
B.
primary
teachers
C.
parents
D.
School
masters
71.
In
which
of
the
following
projects
can
you
probably
learn
to
make
a
telescope?
A.
GO
WILD
!
B.
GIZMOS
&GADGETS.
C.
MYSTERY
OF
THE
PHARAOHS'
TREASURE.
D.
SPACE
&
ROCKETRY'
11.
72.
Which
one
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
TRUE?
A.
If
you
choose
GO
WILD,
you
can
know
some
knowledge
about
wild
animals.
B.
If
you
choose
GIZMOS
&GADGETS,
you
can
use
some
tools
to
find
out
the
principle
of
the
electricity
C.
If
you
choose
MYSTERY
OF
THE
PHARAOHS'
TREASURE,
you
can
know
the
meaning
of
the
ancient
words
in
Egypt.
D.
If
you
choose
SPACE
&
ROCKETRY'
11,
you
can
know
all
of
the
secrets
of
the
solar
system.
70~72:
C
D
D
（C）
According
to
a
new
study,
a
brief
writing
exercise
can
help
women
in
college
physics
classes
improve
their
academic
performance
and
reduce
some
of
the
well-documented
differences
between
male
and
female
science
students.
In
the
new
study,
Miyake
and
his
colleagues
tested
399
male
and
female
college
students
in
an
introductory
physics
class.
During
the
first
and
fourth
weeks
of
the
class,
the
researchers
asked
a
randomly
selected
group
of
the
students
to
write
about
their
personally
important
values,
such
as
friends
and
family,
for
15
minutes.
Other
students
were
randomly
placed
into
a
control
group
and
asked
to
write
about
their
least
important
values
and
to
explain
why
they
might
be
important
to
other
people.
The
writing
exercise
helped
reduce
the
difference
between
male
and
female
academic
performance
in
the
15-week
physics
class.
More
women
earned
B's
in
the
affirmation
group
than
in
the
control
group—and
more
women
earned
C's
in
the
control
group
than
in
the
affirmation
group.
The
results
of
a
survey
given
to
the
students
indicate
that
the
resulting
academic
improvement
was
most
pronounced
in
women
who
believed
that
men
generally
performed
better
at
physics.
In
the
control
group,
women's
exam
scores
tended
to
decrease
as
their
level
of
endorsement（认可，支持）of
the
stereotype
increased.
But,
this
could
not
be
found
in
the
affirmation
group.
"Although
our
findings
are
promising,
I'd
like
to
caution
that
the
values
affirmation
intervention
is
not
a
silver
bullet
that
magically
makes
the
gender
achievement
gap
disappear
altogether,"
Miyake
concluded.
"The
situation
is
more
complicated
than
that,
and
there
are
many
factors
contributing
to
the
gender
gap
in
some
STEM
(science,
technology,
engineering,
and
mathematics)
disciplines.
But,
this
values
affirmation
intervention
holds
promise
especially
when
it's
combined
with
the
sort
of
educational
reforms
that
are
known
to
improve
all
students'
learning.
Provided
that
we
create
rich
learning
opportunities
for
all
students,
psychological
interventions
like
this
may
help
make
challenging
and
possibly
intimidating
STEM
courses
less
intimidating
and
more
accessible
to
a
larger
fraction
of
the
student
population."
73.
The
main
idea
of
this
essay
is
that
___________________.
A.
brief
writing
exercises
must
be
helpful
for
women
to
improve
their
performance
in
physics
B.
women
can
improve
themselves
in
physics
and
negative
stereotypes
C.
it's
possible
for
women
to
learn
physics
better
by
brief
writing
and
reduce
negative
stereotypes.
D.
the
values
affirmation
intervention
can
magically
make
the
gender
achievement
gap
disappear.
74.
The
best
time
we
use
for
one
brief
writing
exercise
is
_______.
A.
5
minutes
B.
10
minutes
C.
15
minutes
D.
20
minutes
75.
The
new
research
objects
in
this
essay
are
_______.
A.
399
male
and
female
college
students
in
an
physics
class
B.
all
the
high
school
students
C.
the
women
students
in
college
physics
classes
D.
the
women
students
in
Grade
Seven
at
a
public
school
76.
It
can
be
inferred
that
women
who
improve
themselves
in
physics
by
writing
exercises
become
________
than
before
indeed.
A.
more
confident
B.
more
intelligent
C.
more
quick-witted
D.
more
interested
in
physics
73~76:
C
C
A
A
Section
C
Translation
（注意使用非谓语动词）
1．公园里有很多人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。
2．路遥写的书为很多青少年所喜欢。
3．他提醒我别忘了明天的会议。
4．为了通过考试，他经常努力学习到深夜。
5．尽管已经告诉他这个答案几次了，但我不知道他是否能理解。
答案：（only
for
reference）
1.The
park
was
full
of
people，enjoying
themselves
in
the
sunshine.
2.The
books，written
by
Lu
Yao，are
popular
with
many
teenagers.
3.He
reminded
me
not
to
forget
the
meeting
tomorrow.
4.To/In
order
to
pass
the
exam，he
often
worked
hard
deep
into
the
night.
5.Having
told
him
the
answer
several
times，I
didn't
know
whether
he
could
understand.
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
非谓语动词综合讲练
)
非谓语动词用法梳理
（一）、非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
to
be
doing
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词
一般式
doing
being
done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生
现在分词/动名词
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
一般式
done
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
Many
Chinese
brands，having
developed
their
reputations
over
centuries，are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
There
are
still
many
problems
to
be
solved
before
we
are
ready
for
a
long
stay
on
the
Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。
（二）、非谓语动词作定语
1．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly
a
good
idea
occurred
to
her，but
she
couldn't
find
any
paper
to
write
on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the
last，the
only
等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
He
is
always
the
first
to
arrive
at
the
school
and
the
last
to
leave
the
school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way
等。
And
the
best
way
to
strengthen
willpower
is
to
make
it
into
a
habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The
ability
to
express
an
idea
is
as
important
as
the
idea
itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
(4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，作定语的不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
Have
you
got
anything
to
buy?
你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者)
I
want
to
go
to
Beijing.Do
you
have
anything
to
be
bought?
我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者)
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。
To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution，I'd
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
conducted
in
Australia
in
2012.
为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。
Last
night，there
were
millions
of
people
watching
the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
[名师点津]
非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being
done；表示主动、尚未进行用to
do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to
be
done。试比较：
①The
bridge
built
recently
was
designed
by
a
local
company.
②Today
there
are
more
airplanes
carrying
more
people
than
ever
before
in
the
skies.
③The
bridge
being
built
now
was
designed
by
a
local
company.
④The
question
to
be
discussed
at
tomorrow's
meeting
is
very
important.
（三）、非谓语动词作状语
1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，可用so
as
to/
in
order
to替换，但
so
as
to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
To
make
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us，you'd
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only
to
do；enough
to
do(足够做……)；too...to
do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as
to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom
took
a
taxi
to
the
airport，only
to
find
his
plane
high
up
in
the
sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to
do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed
等。
We
were
astonished
to
find
the
temple
still
in
its
original
condition.
令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
易错警示
语法填空和短文改错中常考查
“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
2．分词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Ordered
over
a
week
ago，the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。
Like
ancient
sailors，birds
can
find
their
way
using
the
sun
and
the
stars.
像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。
[注意] 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：located
(坐落于)，lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried
in(沉溺于)，dressed
in(穿着)，tired
of(厌烦的)，faced
with(面对着)。
Absorbed
in
painting，John
didn't
notice
evening
approaching.
由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally
speaking一般来说；frankly
speaking坦白地说；judging
from/by...根据……来判断；considering.../taking...into
consideration考虑到……；to
tell
you
the
truth说实话；compared
to/with与……相比。
Judging
from
his
accent，he
is
from
Hong
Kong.
从口音判断，他是香港人。
To
tell
you
the
truth，I
am
a
little
tired.
说实话，我有点累。
4．独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构(The
Nominative
Absolute
Construction)。
独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。
独立主格结构的构成：①名词/代词＋名词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
The
test
finished(＝When
the
test
was
finished)，we
began
our
holiday.
考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
The
president
assassinated(＝Because
the
president
was
assassinated)，the
whole
country
was
in
deep
sorrow.
总统被暗杀了，全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。
（四）、非谓语动词作宾语
1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail
(未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen
(碰巧)等。
She
seated
herself
at
a
small
table
in
the
restaurant，waiting
to
be
served.
她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。
2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避开)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel
like，give
up，put
off，object
to，look
forward
to等。此外，have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.；have
fun
(in)
doing
sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。
I
avoided
mentioning
the
subject
in
case
he
should
be
offended.
我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
It's
quite
hot
today.Do
you
feel
like
going
for
a
swim?
今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
I
remembered
to
lock
the
door
before
I
left
the
office，but
forgot
to
turn
off
the
lights.
我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。
—That
would
mean
wasting
a
lot
of
labour.
——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。
—Really？I
don't
mean
to
waste
any
labour.
——是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。
Was
she
worried
about
how
I
would
react
or
that
I
would
stop
buying
the
groceries
if
I
found
out?
她是担忧如果我发现这件事情我的反应还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货呢？
易错警示
(1)动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.?ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find
out
等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether，where，when，who
等。
(3)介词后一般要接v.?ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。
（五）、非谓语动词作宾补
1．不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call
on，depend
on等。
If
we
expect
people
to
give
up
the
habit
of
driving，we
must
give
them
an
alternative
they
can
rely
on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
Having
finished
her
project，she
was
invited
by
the
school
to
speak
to
the
new
students.
完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
(1)有些动词，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用to
be作宾补或主补。
Chinese
people
are
considered
to
be
the
most
hard?working
people
in
the
world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb.be
said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to
do/to
have
done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。
He
is
thought
to
have
acted
foolishly.Now
he
has
no
one
but
himself
to
blame
for
losing
the
job.
大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。
2．分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。
Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
calling
for
help？听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。
Back
from
his
two?year
medical
service
in
Africa，Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
taken
good
care
of
at
home.
李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。
(3)使役动词have，get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have
sth.done＝get
sth.done让别人做某事；②have
sb./sth.doing让……一直做某事；get
sth./sb.doing
使……开始做某事；③have
sb.do
sth.＝get
sb.to
do
sth.让某人做某事。
Before
driving
into
the
city，you
are
required
to
get
your
car
washed.
在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
(4)with的复合结构为：①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动说明动作正在发生或经常发生；②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋to
do表示将要发生的动作。
The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
following
them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With
such
a
short
time
left
before
the
deadline，it
doesn't
seem
likely
that
John
will
finish
the
job.
截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With
a
lot
of
work
to
do，she
wasn't
allowed
to
leave
her
office.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
（六）、非谓语动词作主语和表语
1．不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
No
matter
how
bright
a
talker
you
are，there
are
times
when
it's
better
to
remain
silent.
不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。
(2)不定式作表语时，①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His
wish
is
to
be
a
doctor
in
the
future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What
I
want
to
do
most
in
senior
high
is
(to)
improve
my
English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2．动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's
a
waste
of
time
doing...；It's
no
use/good
doing...；It
is
useless
doing...，There
is
no
doing...等中。
Facing
up
to
your
problems
rather
than
running
away
from
them
is
the
best
approach
to
working
things
out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。
It's
no
use
complaining
without
taking
action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My
job
is
cleaning
the
house
three
times
a
week(＝Cleaning
the
house
three
times
a
week
is
my
job)．
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
(3)remain作连系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to
be
done。
She
remained
standing
though
we
repeatedly
asked
her
to
sit
down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。
It
remains
to
be
seen
whether
the
newly?formed
committee's
policy
can
be
put
into
practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数，这是短文改错中常考的语法点。
（七）、非谓语动词与语法填空
1．对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断所给提示词是否要用其非谓语动词。再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词，如：作主语、宾语用动名词或不定式；作目的状语常用不定式，作伴随状语常用现在分词等。
2．确定要用非谓语动词后，再根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系、动作发生的时间以及句意，判断出该使用何种非谓语动词形式。
高考高频词汇精选背诵（O/P字母）
obesity
overcome
panic
permanent
overlook
occur
participate
persevere
objective
offend
particular
perspective
oblige
opponent
passion
polish
observe
overall
promising
postpone
obstacle
oppose
patent
potential
obtain
oppress
pursuit
primary
outstanding
option
peak
promote
occasional
original
peer
property
occupy
outlook
pension
prospect
单句语法填空（注意非谓语动词用法）
1．I
want
this
precious
opportunity
very
much
_______
(improve)
my
organizational
ability.
2．Imagine
________
(climb)
up
to
the
80th
floor
of
your
office
building
without
an
elevator.
3．Nearly
all
the
people
__________
(interview)
believe
confidence
is
the
key
to
success.
4．The
problems____________
(discuss)
at
the
meeting
tomorrow
are
really
hard
to
solve(solve)．
5．_______
(remind)
myself
of
the
past
pleasant
days，I
have
some
related
photos
pinned
beside
my
desk.
6．The
student
____(absorb)
in
the
games
on
the
smartphone
during
class
did
not
notice
his
teacher
behind
him.
7．In
the
beauty
competition，women
are
asked
________
(perform)
some
of
the
exercises
to
the
music.
8．China
has
strengthened
security
checks
of
government
websites,
________
(hope)
to
clean
up
those
that
are
not
up
to
standard
by
the
end
of
2017.
9．__________
(wait)
for
the
bus
for
thirty
minutes，he
lost
his
patience
and
felt
very
anxious.
10．The
volunteers
are
reminded
of
taking
everything
_________
(belong)
to
them
before
leaving
the
hotel.
高考核心词汇检测
Parking
in
this
street
is
the
___________
of
the
residents.
A.
privilege
B.
objection
C.
output
D.
obstacle
He
managed
to
get
a
loan
to
________
a
house.
A.
quote
B.
purchase
C.
possess
D.
overlook
He’s
not
easy
to
get
on
with.
He
easily
takes
_______
at
the
slightest
things.
A.
pleasure
B.
offence
C.
profit
D.
occupation
The
designer
applied
for
a
_______
for
his
new
invention.
A.
passport
B.
password
C.
patent
D.
pattern
The
book
gives
a
brief
_______
of
the
course
of
his
research
up
till
now.
A.
outlook
B.
outline
C.
origin
D.outcome
Yesterday
I
received
a
postal
package.
Which
of
the
following
can
replace
the
underlined
word?
A.
baggage
B.
packet
C.
parcel
D.
bag
The
early
_____
had
to
go
through
many
hardships
to
settle
on
the
new
land.
A.
pioneers
B.
physicians
C.
politicians
D.
prisoners
The
_______
is
so
moving
and
perfect
that
it’s
almost
beyond
the
audients’
expectation.
A.
platform
B.
phenomenon
C.
performance
D.
qualification
Linda
was
__________
the
work
of
redecorating
her
house.
A.
occupied
with
B.
obliged
to
C.
peculiar
to
D.
qualified
for
Many
people
think
the
______
of
the
film
is
too
simple
to
attract
the
audience.
A.
plug
B.
plot
C.
portrait
D.
potential
Mr.
Thomason
was
always
_________,
even
when
things
were
at
their
worst.
outgoing
B.
optional
C.
pessimistic
D.
optimistic
Given
the
chance,
John
might
have
become
a
(an)
__________
painter.
A.
outstanding
B.
occasional
C.
precious
D.
pregnant
He’s
very
_____
having
his
breakfast
at
exactly
8
o’clock.
A.
peculiar
to
B.
particular
about
C.
parallel
to
D.
prepared
to
I
waved
my
dog
to
_____into
the
water
to
save
the
child.
A.
plunge
B.
pray
C.
preserve
D.
proceed
On
hearing
the
soft
footsteps
outside
her
room,
she
was
in
a
(an)
______.
A.
orphanage
B.
orchestra
C.
panic
D.
parade
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A
Art
of
living
Aristotle
once
wrote
that
“happiness
is
a
state
of
activity”.
In
other
words,
whether
you
are
seeking
lifelong
satisfaction
(31)
______
a
few
moments
of
good
cheer,
you
have
got
to
move
forward.
We’ve
surveyed
the
experts
and
found
four
steps(32)
______
(take)
toward
a
sunny
disposition（性格）.
1.
VALUE
YOUR
RELATIONSHIPS
Over
a
30-year
period,
University
of
Illinois
researchers
asked
nearly
12,000
people
(33)
______
income,
education,
political
participation,
volunteer
activities,
and
close
relationships
affected
their
happiness.
Reported
Newsweek’s
Sharon
Begley
on
the
findings,
“The
highest
level
of
happiness
(34)
______
(find)
with
the
most
stable,
longest,
and
most
contented
relationships.”
2.
EXPRESS
YOURSELF
Singing
aloud,
talking
to
a
stranger,
raising
your
hand:
All
may
increase
a
feeling
of
well-being,
according
to
(35)
______
study
from
Wake
Forest
University.
Participants
tracked
their
moods
for
two
weeks
and
reported
feeling
happier
when
they
were
(36)
______
(outgoing).
3.
SPEND
MONEY
ON
OTHERS
The
editors
of
forbes.com
gave
$5
or
$20
randomly
to
46
strangers.
Half
the
group
was
told
to
spend
money
on
(37)
______,
while
the
other
half
was
told
to
spend
it
on
others.
Those
who’d
shared
the
wealth
felt
much
happier
at
the
end
of
the
day
than
those
who’d
spent
it
on
themselves.
There
was
no
difference
in
happiness
between
those
who
spent
$5
or
$20,
suggesting
that
it’s
not
how
much
money
you
spend,
but
how
you
spend
it,
(38)
______
can
boost
(提升)
the
spirit.
4.
FOCUS
ON
THE
POSITVE
Studies
from
the
University
of
Pennsylvania’s
Positive
Psychology
Center
show
that
negative-minded
people
(39)
______
wrote
down
three
good
things
that
happened
to
them
each
day
for
six
months
reported
an
(40)
______
(improve)
outlook.
Section
B
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
base
B.
presentations
C.
required
D.
determines
E.question
F.
practical
G
generally
H.
received
I.
organized
J.
participation
K.
presentations
Student
41
in
the
classroom
is
not
only
accepted
but
also
expected
of
the
student
in
many
courses.
Some
professors____42
part
of
the
final
grade
on
the
student’s
oral
participation.
Although
there
are
formal
lectures
during
which
the
student
has
a
passive
role
(i.e.,
listening
and
taking
notes),
many
courses
are
____43
around
classroom
discussions,
student
questions,
and
informal
lectures.
In
graduate
discussions
the
professor
had
a
“manager”
role
and
the
students
make
____44
and
lead
discussions.
The
students
do
the
actual
teaching
in
these
discussions.
A
professor’s
teaching
method
is
another
factor
that
___45
the
degree
and
type
of
student
participation.
Some
professors
prefer
to
control
discussions
while
others
prefer
to
guide
the
class
without
controlling
it.
Many
professors
encourage
students
to
____46
their
ideas.
Students
who
object
to
the
professor’s
point
of
view
should
be
prepared
to
prove
their
positions.
In
the
teaching
of
science
and
mathematics,
the
controlling
mode
of
instruction
is
47___
traditional,
with
teachers
presenting
formal
lectures
and
students
taking
notes.
However,
new
educational
trends
have
turned
up
in
the
humanities
and
social
sciences
in
the
past
twenty
years.
Students
in
education,
society,
and
history
classes,
for
example,
are
often
____48
to
solve
problems
in
groups,
design
projects,
make
____49
,
and
examine
case
studies.
Since
some
college
or
university
courses
are
“____50
”
rather
than
theoretical,
they
pay
more
attention
to
“doing”
for
themselves.
Section
C
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
1她的工作效率一点也不高，这常常遭到老板的指责。(which)
2不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(put
off)
3
我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。（it）
4你的词汇量越大，你阅读原版小说会越感到容易。(The
more…the
more)
5那些志愿者做好事的人从来就不图金钱回报，他们认为只有这样才能问心无愧。（in
return）
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
and
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Artificial
intelligence
is
technology
designed
to
perform
jobs
that
require
higher-level
thinking
skills,
in
other
words,
skills
like
those
of
human
intelligence.
Artificial
intelligence
systems
are
____51____
in
economics,
to
study
things
like
stock
market
activity.
They
are
also
used
in
medicine---for
example,
to
help
doctors
____52____
disorders,
choose
the
best
treatment,
or
___53___
on
patients.
And
they
are
used
in
the
military,
to
develop
systems
like
self-guiding
vehicles
and
so-called
smart
bombs
that
look
for
their
____54____.
They
can
____55___
monitor
spacecraft.
A
Research
Project
on
Artificial
Intelligence
started
50
years
ago,
in
the
summer
of
1956.
Recently
a
___56___
was
held
in
Dartmouth
College,
and
over
100
scientists
gathered
to
____57____
the
development
in
artificial
intelligence
in
the
next
50
years.
The
research
of
artificial
intelligence
is
based
on
the
theory
that
every
part
of
____58____
intelligence
could
be
described
in
____59____
detail
that
a
machine
could
be
made
to
copy
it.
It
is
true
that
computers
are
being
built
to
operate
in
some
ways
like
the
____60___.
However,
machines
are
____61____
to
fully
capture
all
human
emotions,
feelings
and
creativity---at
least
not
anytime
soon.
Computers
may
never
____62____
humans,
but
humans
should
expect
to
find
more
and
more
“smart
machines”.
These
devices
could
someday
even
be
____63____
in
the
body.
Yet
progress
with
artificial
intelligence
has
been
____64____
than
what
scientists
fifty
years
ago
expected.
For
example,
scientists
find
it
difficult
to
train
computers
to
freely
use
and
translate
languages.
Using
a
language
correctly
____65____
a
knowledge
of
countless
social
and
cultural
situations
and
conditions.
So
far,
language
is
an
area
where
humans
still
consider
themselves
smarter
than
machines.
A.
created
B.
applied
C.
formed
D.
switched
A.
inform
B.
recognize
C.
reform
D.
search
A.
operate
B.
investigate
C.
perform
D.
relieve
A.
area
B.
purposes
C.
targets
D.
regulations
A.
ever
B.
even
C.
normally
D.
correctly
A.
conference
B.
commitment
C.
connection
D.
contact
A.
plan
B.
invent
C.
engage
D.
devote
A.
high
B.
smart
C.
average
D.
human
A.
much
B.
many
C.
such
D.
so
A.
body
B.
brain
C.
humans
D.
experts
A.
sure
B.
uncertain
C.
likely
D.
unlikely
A.
ruin
B.
substitute
C.
replace
D.
defeat
A.
infused
B.
implanted
C.
grown
D.
transplanted
A.
quicker
B.
slower
C.
better
D.
worse
A.
requires
B.
makes
C.
offers
D.
Changes
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
your
have
just
read.
（A）
Once
upon
a
time,
a
man
punished
his
5-year-old
daughter
for
using
up
the
family's
only
roll
of
expensive
gold
wrapping
paper.
Money
was
tight,
and
he
became
even
more
upset
when
on
Christmas
Eve,
he
saw
that
the
child
had
pasted
the
gold
paper
so
as
to
decorate
a
shoebox
to
put
under
the
Christmas
tree.
Nevertheless,
the
next
morning
the
little
girl,
filled
with
excitement,
brought
the
gift
box
to
her
father
and
said,
"This
is
for
you,
Daddy!"
As
he
opened
the
box,
the
father
was
embarrassed
by
his
earlier
overreaction.
But
when
he
opened
it,
he
found
it
was
empty
and
again
his
anger
flared.
"Don't
you
know,
young
lady,”
he
said
harshly,
“when
you
give
someone
a
present
there's
supposed
to
be
something
inside
the
package!"
The
little
girl
looked
up
at
him
with
tears
rolling
from
her
eyes
and
said:
"Daddy,
it's
not
empty.
I
blew
kisses
into
it
until
it
was
all
full."
The
father
was
crushed.
He
fell
on
his
knees
and
put
his
arms
around
his
precious
little
girl.
He
begged
her
to
forgive
him
for
his
unnecessary
anger.
An
accident
took
the
life
of
the
child
only
a
short
time
later.
It
is
told
that
the
father
kept
that
little
gold
box
by
his
bed
for
all
the
years
of
his
life.
Whenever
he
was
discouraged
or
faced
difficult
problems
he
would
open
the
box,
take
out
an
imaginary
kiss,
and
remember
the
love
of
this
beautiful
child
who
had
put
it
there.
In
a
very
real
sense,
each
of
us
as
human
beings
have
been
given
an
invisible
golden
box
filled
with
unconditional
love
and
kisses
from
our
children,
family,
friends
and
God.
???????
There
is
no
more
precious
possession
anyone
could
hold.
66.
Father
begged
his
daughter
forgive
him
for
his
unnecessary
anger
when_________.
A.
he
found
his
daughter
used
up
the
family's
only
roll
of
expensive
gold
wrapping
paper
B.
he
opened
the
box
and
found
it
was
empty
C.
his
daughter
told
him
that
box
was
full
of
her
kisses
D.
an
accident
took
the
life
of
the
girl
only
a
short
time
later
67.
When
did
the
daughter
prepared
the
special
gift
for
her
father?
A.
After
Christmas
B.
At
Christmas
C.
Before
Christmas
Eve
D.
After
Christmas
Eve
68.
Which
of
the
following
sentences
was
not
true?
A.
The
father
was
not
angry
at
the
first
sight
of
the
empty
box..
B.
When
the
girl
was
five
years
old,
an
accident
took
her
life.
C.
When
the
father
was
discouraged
or
faced
difficulty,
he
would
miss
his
daughter
and
feel
sad.
D.
From
the
story
we
knew
that
the
father
and
the
daughter
loved
each
other
deeply.
69.
What
is
the
most
precious
possession
that
we
can
hold?
A.
The
gifts
from
our
family
and
friends
B.
The
love
we
enjoy
from
our
family
and
friends
without
any
conditions
C.
The
empty
box
full
of
the
kisses
D.
We
feel
happy
by
exchanging
love
with
our
family
and
friends
(B)
Science
Adventures
Day
Camp
2011
Science
Adventures
presents
four
exciting
weeks
for
science
camps
in
Summer
2011!
Our
all-new
featured
projects
and
activities
will
engage
and
excite
your
children.
Every
week-long
camp
is
an
adventure
in
learning
and
fun.
GO
WILD!
Leap
into
the
wild
with
Gizabelle
on
wonderful
adventure
to
research
into
extreme
plants
and
animals.
All
campers
will:
Meet
live
animals
face-to-face
Build
a
microscope
Examine
a
bug's
life
Enter
the
world
of
bats
and
birds
Full-day
campers
will:
Go
on
a
dinosaur
hunt
GIZMOS
&
GADGETS
Invent
with
Electronics!
Join
Gizmo
in
his
secret
lab
where
imagination
and
science
mix
to
create
amazing
inventions.
All
campers
will:
Explore
electricity
with
a
hands-on
electronic
kit
Make
ice
cream
without
a
freezer
Full-day
campers
will:
Build
motorized
K'Nex
racers
Design
a
marble
roller
coaster
MYSTERY
OF
THE
PHARAOHS'
TREASURE
Solve
an
Egyptian
mystery!
Journey
to
the
land
of
the
pharaohs
(法老)
to
solve
a
mystery
and
hunt
for
two
treasures!
All
campers
will:
Interpret
hieroglyphics
(象形文字)
Dig
an
ancient
mummy
Take
home
some
gold
treasure
Full-day
campers
will:
Find
three
secret
stones
Build
a
rock
and
crystal
collection
Collect
beautiful
gemstones
(宝石)
SPACE
&
ROCKETRY'
11
Launch
the
Comet
Rocket!
Join
a
mission
through
space
on
an
amazing
journey
to
the
stars.
All
campers
will:
Build
and
launch
the
solid-fueled
Comet
Rocket
Make
a
working
telescope
Build
a
light-up
model
of
our
solar
system
Full-day
campers
will:
Explore
the
secrets
of
Mars
Build
a
motorized
K'Nex
Mars
Rover
Create
a
fiber-optic
constellation
70.
The
passage
is
mainly
written
for
A.
school
children
B.
primary
teachers
C.
parents
D.
School
masters
71.
In
which
of
the
following
projects
can
you
probably
learn
to
make
a
telescope?
A.
GO
WILD
!
B.
GIZMOS
&GADGETS.
C.
MYSTERY
OF
THE
PHARAOHS'
TREASURE.
D.
SPACE
&
ROCKETRY'
11.
72.
Which
one
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
TRUE?
A.
If
you
choose
GO
WILD,
you
can
know
some
knowledge
about
wild
animals.
B.
If
you
choose
GIZMOS
&GADGETS,
you
can
use
some
tools
to
find
out
the
principle
of
the
electricity
C.
If
you
choose
MYSTERY
OF
THE
PHARAOHS'
TREASURE,
you
can
know
the
meaning
of
the
ancient
words
in
Egypt.
D.
If
you
choose
SPACE
&
ROCKETRY'
11,
you
can
know
all
of
the
secrets
of
the
solar
system.
（C）
According
to
a
new
study,
a
brief
writing
exercise
can
help
women
in
college
physics
classes
improve
their
academic
performance
and
reduce
some
of
the
well-documented
differences
between
male
and
female
science
students.
In
the
new
study,
Miyake
and
his
colleagues
tested
399
male
and
female
college
students
in
an
introductory
physics
class.
During
the
first
and
fourth
weeks
of
the
class,
the
researchers
asked
a
randomly
selected
group
of
the
students
to
write
about
their
personally
important
values,
such
as
friends
and
family,
for
15
minutes.
Other
students
were
randomly
placed
into
a
control
group
and
asked
to
write
about
their
least
important
values
and
to
explain
why
they
might
be
important
to
other
people.
The
writing
exercise
helped
reduce
the
difference
between
male
and
female
academic
performance
in
the
15-week
physics
class.
More
women
earned
B's
in
the
affirmation
group
than
in
the
control
group—and
more
women
earned
C's
in
the
control
group
than
in
the
affirmation
group.
The
results
of
a
survey
given
to
the
students
indicate
that
the
resulting
academic
improvement
was
most
pronounced
in
women
who
believed
that
men
generally
performed
better
at
physics.
In
the
control
group,
women's
exam
scores
tended
to
decrease
as
their
level
of
endorsement（认可，支持）of
the
stereotype
increased.
But,
this
could
not
be
found
in
the
affirmation
group.
"Although
our
findings
are
promising,
I'd
like
to
caution
that
the
values
affirmation
intervention
is
not
a
silver
bullet
that
magically
makes
the
gender
achievement
gap
disappear
altogether,"
Miyake
concluded.
"The
situation
is
more
complicated
than
that,
and
there
are
many
factors
contributing
to
the
gender
gap
in
some
STEM
(science,
technology,
engineering,
and
mathematics)
disciplines.
But,
this
values
affirmation
intervention
holds
promise
especially
when
it's
combined
with
the
sort
of
educational
reforms
that
are
known
to
improve
all
students'
learning.
Provided
that
we
create
rich
learning
opportunities
for
all
students,
psychological
interventions
like
this
may
help
make
challenging
and
possibly
intimidating
STEM
courses
less
intimidating
and
more
accessible
to
a
larger
fraction
of
the
student
population."
73.
The
main
idea
of
this
essay
is
that
___________________.
A.
brief
writing
exercises
must
be
helpful
for
women
to
improve
their
performance
in
physics
B.
women
can
improve
themselves
in
physics
and
negative
stereotypes
C.
it's
possible
for
women
to
learn
physics
better
by
brief
writing
and
reduce
negative
stereotypes.
D.
the
values
affirmation
intervention
can
magically
make
the
gender
achievement
gap
disappear.
74.
The
best
time
we
use
for
one
brief
writing
exercise
is
_______.
A.
5
minutes
B.
10
minutes
C.
15
minutes
D.
20
minutes
75.
The
new
research
objects
in
this
essay
are
_______.
A.
399
male
and
female
college
students
in
an
physics
class
B.
all
the
high
school
students
C.
the
women
students
in
college
physics
classes
D.
the
women
students
in
Grade
Seven
at
a
public
school
76.
It
can
be
inferred
that
women
who
improve
themselves
in
physics
by
writing
exercises
become
________
than
before
indeed.
A.
more
confident
B.
more
intelligent
C.
more
quick-witted
D.
more
interested
in
physics
Section
C
Translation
（注意使用非谓语动词）
1．公园里有很多人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。
2．路遥写的书为很多青少年所喜欢。
3．他提醒我别忘了明天的会议。
4．为了通过考试，他经常努力学习到深夜。
5．尽管已经告诉他这个答案几次了，但我不知道他是否能理解。
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