中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
六选四和作文
)
（一）六选四考点
命题特点
衔接手段
做题技巧
体裁：记叙文、说明文和议论文。
考察：对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
选项类型：
主旨概括句
过渡性句子
注释性句子
结构衔接
——根据空格的位置判断
1.若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句或承上启下的过渡句。
2.若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。
3.若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。
逻辑衔接
——根据前后文逻辑关系判断
1.因果关系
(Eg:
As
a
result/
thus/therefore
/so
(such)…)
2.转折关系
(Eg:
However/nevertheless
/though
/yet/nonetheless
/in
spite
of/on
the
contrary
/in
contrast
/by
contrast/
in
comparison/otherwise
/not...but)
3.并列关系
(Eg:
first/second/third/to
begin
with
/to
conclude)
4.递进关系
(Eg:
also/
furthermore/
similarly/
moreover
/
in
addition/what’s
more）
5.例证关系
(Eg:
such
as
/for
examples/One
of
the
examples
is
…)
词汇衔接
——从词汇关系上判断
1.代词
根据选项里代词和空格前后处代词和其单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
2.同义词/反义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。
3.同一范畴词（上下义词）
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
（二）作文
1、万能单词和句型
万能单词
万能句型
apparently
There
is
no
doubt
that...
obviously
There
is
no
denying
that...
undoubtedly
It
goes
without
saying
that...
definitely
It
is
universally
acknowledged
that...
2、高级词组
分类
中文表达
高级表达
积极方面
对...有积极/有利影响
have
a
significant
(positive/tremendous/favourable)
impact
(influence/
effect)
on
有助于
contribute
to
努力做
strive
to
do
spare
no
effort
to
do
make
every
effort
to
do
高度赞扬
sing
high
praise
for/sing
the
praise
of
think/speak
highly
of
重视
lay/put/place
great
emphasis
on
attach
great
importance
to
give
priority
to
the
importance
of
sth
can
never
be
emphasized
more/ignored
有影响，有作用
make
a(n)
significant/enormous/tremendous
difference
起着必不可少的作用
play
an
indispensable
role
in
你应该做
be
supposed
to
do
It
is
beneficial/advisable
for
you
to
do
If
I
were
you,
I
would
do...
Doing
sth
is
highly
recommended
for
you.
你不应该做
On
no
account
/By
no
means
/Under
no
circumstances
should
you…
优点、长处
strength
/
strong
points
/
advantage
/
benefit
/
merit
消极方面
缺点、弱点
weakness
/
weak
points
/
disadvantage
/
drawback
/
defect
对...有消极/不利影响
have
a
negative
(unfavourable)
impact
(influence/
effect)
on;
serve
as
an
obstacle
to
造成危险/威胁
pose
a
danger/threat
to
剥夺某人做某事的权利
deprive
sb
of
sth
修饰词类
重要的
crucial
/vital
/critical
/significant
be
of
great/profound
importance
杰出的
outstanding/distinguished/remarkable/extraordinary
有名望的
renowned/prestigious
必不可少的
indispensable
非常
extraordinarily
/exceedingly
主语类
有关当局/部门
the
authorities/departments
concerned
越来越多人
an
increasing
number
of
people
我们
we
high
school
students
结构类
在我看来
from
my
point
of
view
/as
far
as
I’m
concerned
from
my
perspective
/from
where
I’m
standing
关于
with
regard
to
/in
terms
of
/as
far
as
sth
is
concerned
when
it
comes
to
doing
因此
consequently
/as
a
result
of
which
为了
in
an
effort/attempt
to
do
for
the
sake
of
总之
in
conclusion/
to
sum
up/
to
put
it
in
a
nutshell
3、高级句型
语法
高级句型
例句
定语从句
which引导的非限制性定语从句
Because
of
ads,
we
get
easier
access
to
high-quality
products,
which
help
consumers
make
informed
decisions
when
purchasing.
介词+关系代词
Speaking
and
listening
are
of
great
significance
for
language
learning,
by
which
you
are
sure
to
make
tremendous
progress.
时间和地点名词后加when和where引导的定语从句
I
believe
that
with
joint
efforts,
the
campus
will
be
as
pure
as
paradise
where
we
won’t
get
lost
in
morality
but
will
improve
our
learning
efficiency.
名词性从句
主谓宾结构的句子都可改成What+主+谓
is
that.....
What
we
students
should
pay
attention
to
is
the
mistakes
we’ve
made
in
our
study.
同位语从句
Here
I
am
in
the
hope
that
my
advice
will
add
a
brilliant
touch
to
your
success.
状语从句
原因
It
is
beneficial
for
you
to
make
some
local
friends,
considering
that
it
needs
some
practice
to
learn
a
foreign
language
well.
结果
In
a
word,
social
practice
is
important
to
students
in
their
study,
the
formation
of
their
world
outlook
and
the
development
of
their
personalities,
consequently,
students
should
take
an
active
part
in
social
practice
as
much
as
possible.
让步
Although
the
knowledge
that
we
have
gained
in
class
is
important,
equal
concentration
should
be
laid
on
our
practical
abilities
which
play
an
important
role
in
our
future
career.
比较
The
longer
you
persevere,
the
greater
the
success
you
will
achieve.
Nothing
is
more
important
than
your
own
self-confidence.
强
调
句
It
is...that...
It
is
this
earliest
dream
in
my
life
that
supports
me
to
always
strive
for
my
bright
future.
倒
装
句
Not
only...but
also...
Through
social
practice,
not
only
will
students
be
able
to
communicate
with
more
people
but
also
know
about
deeper
social
problems
and
more
about
themselves.
Only+介词短语/状语从句
Only
in
this
way
can
we
live
in
a
more
harmonious
society.
Only
if
we
take
measures
to
address
the
problem
will
we.......
名词/形容词/副词/动词+as.....(虽然....)
Young
as
we
are,?we
students
should
spare
no
effort
to
devote
ourselves
to
coping
with
this
phenomenon.
So/Such...that....
So
familiar
am
I
with
it
that
I’d
like
to
give
you
a
vivid
and
detailed
introduction.
虚拟语气
It
is
high
time
that
sb
did/should
do
sth
It?is?high
time
that?the?authorities?concerned?took?appropriate
measures?to?resolve?the?traffic?problems.
Without.....,
I
would
never
do/wouldn’t
have
done...
Without
your
selfless
contributions,
I
couldn’t
have
fulfilled
my
aspirations.
语
态
至少用1个被动语态
To
make
our
life
more
enjoyable,
some
practical
suggestions
should
be
put
forward
as
far
as
I’m
concerned.
非
谓
语
动名词作主语
Having
group
activities
in
class
is
such
a
beneficial
teaching
method
as
is
appealing
to
our
teachers
to
have
a
try.
不定式作目的状语
In
an
effort
to
make
our
life
more
enjoyable,
some
practical
suggestions
should
be
put
forward
as
far
as
I’m
concerned.
分词作后置定语
The
boy
motivated
by
the
prospect
of
future
determined
to
study
harder.
分词作时间状语
When
stepping
out
of
the
school,
he
will
probably
be
at
a
loss
in
face
of
the
real
society.
分词作条件状语
Taking
an
active
part
in
activities,
we
will
cultivate
our
capabilities.
分词作原因状语
Buried
in
work,
parents
have
no
time
to
communicate
with
their
children.
分词作结果状语
There
is
no
denying
that
the
interaction
with
the
elderly
and
other
team
members
can
polish
up
your
socializing
skills
as
well
as
raise
your
awareness
to
cooperate
with
strangers,
thus
contributing
to
your
comprehensive
and
coordinated
development.
分词作让步状语
Although
defeated,
he
didn’t
give
up.
分词作伴随状语
All
night
long
he
lay
awake,
thinking
of
the
problem.
with复合结构
With+名词+doing/done
/to
do
With?the?society?developing?rapidly,....
With
the
college
entrance
examination
approaching,....
With
so
many
sporting
facilities
provided
by
the
school,...
插
入
语
在句子主语后插入短语，同位语和定语从句，让句子显得更高级。常用插入语短语有：
to
some/a
large
extent;
needless
to
say
①There
is
no
doubt
that
computer,
directly
or
indirectly,
to
a
large
extent,
influences
our
life
primarily
owing
to
that
computer
can
improve
the
efficiency
of
our
work
and
study.
②Shanghai
Museum,
a
well-known
and
distinguished
museum
both
at
home
and
abroad,
is
more
professional
in
holding
painting
exhibitions.
③The
naughty
boy,
who
was
spoiled
by
his
parents,
always
insists
on
things
he
wants.
比
喻
A
is
to
B
what
C
is
to
D
Just
as
A
is
to
B,
so
is
C
to
D
Just
as
gardeners
are
to
flowers,
so
is
a
teacher
to
his
student.
Reading
is
to
a
man
what
salt
is
to
a
dish.
感
叹
句
How.../What...
How
time
flies!/
What
a
tragedy!
谚
语
背诵各种类型的简单谚语
1.
Missed
chances
will
never
return.
2.
Easier
said
than
done.
3.
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
4.
All
work
and
no
play
makes
Jack
a
dull
boy.
5.
It’s
never
too
old
to
learn.
6.
Rome
was
not
built
in
a
day.
7.
A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.
8.
Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
9.
Action
speaks
louder
than
words.
10.
Every
man
has
his
faults.
11.
No
pains,
no
gains.
12.
Nothing
is
too
difficult
to
a
willing
heart.
Sentence
Filling
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
A.
These
people
are
usually
unwilling
to
try
new
things,
but
are
kind
and
cooperative,
according
to
the
study.
B.
To
compare
the
movement
of
the
planets
and
stars
is
a
brilliant
and
ancient
concept.
C.
Even
today,
it
seems
that
people
are
still
fascinated
with
trying
to
figure
out
people’s
personality
types
based
on
science.
D.
The
study
also
shows
that
there
is
connection
between
personality
type,
gender
and
age.
E.
These
are
people
who
always
finish
the
assigned
task
perfectly
and
in
most
cases
ahead
of
time.
F.
In
this
study,
about
1.5
million
participants
were
asked
to
rate
a
number
of
written
statements.
Since
ancient
Greece,
people
have
used
zodiac
signs
to
judge
a
person’s
character
traits.
___67___
According
to
The
Washington
Post,
a
new
study
published
in
the
journal
Nature
Human
Behavior
on
Sept
17,
could
tell
us
something
more
about
who
we
are.
It
identified
four
personality
types:
reserved,
role
models,
average
and
self-centered.
___68___
All
these
are
related
to
the
five
main
personality
traits
everyone’s
believed
to
possess:
extroversion,
agreeableness,
conscientiousness,
emotional
stability
and
openness.
Researchers,
with
the
aid
of
computer
software
found
that
self-centered
people
scored
higher
on
extroversion,
but
lower
than
average
on
the
other
four
traits.
‘These
are
people
you
don’t
want
to
hang
out
with,’
co-author
William
Revelle,
professor
of
psychology,
told
the
Daily
Mail.
Members
of
the
reserved
group
were
lacking
in
openness
and
extroversion,
but
were
more
agreeable
and
conscientious.___69___
People
defined
as
role
models
scored
well
in
most
traits,
but
were
weak
in
emotional
stability.
‘These
are
people
who
are
dependable
and
open
to
new
ideas,’
Luis
Amaral,
co-director
of
the
Northwestern
Institute
on
Complex
Systems
in
the
US,
told
Newsweek.
‘These
are
good
people
to
be
in
charge
of
things.
In
fact,
life
is
easier
if
you
have
more
dealings
with
role
models.’
Apart
from
these
three
personality
types,
a
totally
new
type
was
found:
average.
This
type
according
to
Science
Daily,
get
average
scores
in
all
traits.
Females
are
more
likely
than
males
to
fall
into
this
type.
___70___For
example,
role
models
are
usually
seniors,
while
the
traits
of
the
self-centered
type
mainly
fall
in
teenage
males.
However,
‘Certain
aspects
are
changing,’
Amaral
told
USA
Today.
‘As
people
mature
and
grow,
their
personality
also
matures
and
grows.
I
think
there
is
a
positive
message
that
people
matures
and
they
move
to
more
desirable
characteristics.’
【Keys】CFAD
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
A.
Think
twice
when
raising
questions.
B.
There’s
no
such
thing
as
a
stupid
question.
C.
It
is
a
good
way
to
get
more
information
of
the
place.
D.
This
perspective
helps
one
to
get
a
sense
of
direction.
E.
Sometimes
though,
planning
less
can
actually
bear
more
fruit.
F.
It
gives
you
less
to
worry
about
and
helps
you
blend
in
(融入).
The
joy
of
travel
comes
in
discovery.
Planting
your
feet
somewhere
you’ve
never
been
brings
with
it
the
rush
of
exploration
and
the
happiness
of
pushing
back
on
the
boundaries
of
your
world.
Follow
these
steps
and
see
the
world
differently.
Get
a
bird’s-eye
view.
_____67____Whether
it’s
from
an
observation
deck
in
a
high-rise,
a
lookout
on
a
hiking
trail,
or
in
the
basket
of
a
hot
air
balloon,
climb
up
as
high
as
you
can
and
look
out
upon
your
new
land.
_____68_____
As
soon
as
your
plane
lands
in
a
new
place,
immediately
start
asking
questions
to
everyone
you
come
across.
The
taxi
driver,
the
hotel
clerk,
the
waitress
--
these
people
are
invaluable
sources
of
knowledge
waiting
to
be
tapped.
Simple
questions
such
as
“What
do
you
think
I
should
do
tomorrow?”
will
allow
you
to
see
the
place
through
their
eyes,
and
you’ll
walk
away
with
a
handful
of
ideas.
Forget
the
big
camera.
Try
switching
to
a
pocket
camera.
_____69_____
It
gets
you
out
of
the
habit
of
observing
and
recording
and
into
participating
and
interacting.
Pull
the
camera
from
your
pocket,
shoot
the
photo
you
want
and
then
conceal
it
again.
Plan
only
one
thing
per
day.
It’s
tempting
to
plan
out
every
inch
of
your
trip
in
order
to
experience
as
much
as
you
can.
_____70_____
Leave
yourself
open
to
recommendations
and
unexpected
things
to
happen.
Try
planning
only
one
activity
a
day
and
let
your
exploration
guide
the
rest.
【Keys】
DBFE
Guided
Writing
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
最近，一位高三语文老师的演讲被广泛流传，“生命很贵，请别浪费”成为励志流行语。请写一篇作文，文章包括：
1．
你对这句话的理解
2．
结合生活实例进行阐述
（注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称）
Recently,
a
quote
from
a
speech
has
gained
wide
attention
online,
in
which
a
teacher
said
"
Life
is
precious,
so
don't
waste
it."
I
couldn't
agree
more.
From
my
perspective,
we
don't
just
simply
"go
through
life"
but
"grow
through
life",
and
the
lessons
we
learn
from
our
experience
is
what
makes
life
so
unique
and
irreplaceable.
Furthermore,
as
a
human,
our
lifespan
is
undoubtedly
short,
which
means
life
is
naturally
limited.
Thus,
every
second
in
life
deserves
cherishing.
Precious
as
life
is,
there
are
still
some
people
who
don't
treasure
it.
Take
one
of
my
classmates
for
example.
He
used
to
study
hard
and
was
a
top
student,
but
after
he
began
to
lose
himself
in
computer
games,
he
idled
away
and
wasted
his
life.
Now
he
even
has
difficulty
graduating
from
middle
school.
How
regretful
he
was！
With
efforts
we
can't
always
get
a
satisfying
end,
but
we
should
still
go
to
all
lengths
to
make
our
life
meaningful
so
that
we
live
up
to
ourselves.
Life
is
delicate.
Please
take
it
to
heart.
（178words）
Sentence
Filling
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
A.
As
for
news
stories
that
make
us
think
the
world
is
an
increasingly
violent
place,
there
is
cause
for
some
optimism
too.
B.
The
rate
of
increase
will
slow
down
in
the
second
half
of
this
century
thanks
to
falling
birth
rates
today.
C.
But
not
all
the
news
is
bad
news,
whatever
the
TV
and
newspapers
might
say.
D.
But
do
the
statistics
support
our
negative
world
view
or
is
the
world
actually
improving?
E.
These
large
families
produced
even
more
children
who
survived
into
adulthood
and
had
their
own
children.
F.
As
poverty
goes
down,
life
expectancy
goes
up,
birth
rates
go
down
because
parents
can
expect
their
existing
children
to
survive.
The
state
of
the
world
If
your
view
of
the
world
comes
from
watching
the
news
and
reading
newspapers,
you
could
be
forgiven
for
lying
awake
at
night
worrying
about
the
future.
Apparently,
rising
violence
and
population
rates
mean
humans
are
both
killing
each
other
in
ever
larger
numbers
and
being
born
at
rates
the
world's
resources
can't
sustain.
To
make
matters
worse,
all
the
wealth
is
concentrated
on
a
handful
of
people
in
the
world's
richest
countries.
People
in
low-income
countries
live
in
poverty
while
the
West
gets
richer.
(72)
________.
In
the
last
two
centuries,
improvements
in
technology
and
health
meant
fewer
children
died
young,
fuelling
rapid
population
growth.
(73)
________.
But
with
the
wider
availability
of
contraception
in
the
1960s,
the
global
average
number
of
babies
per
woman
has
declined
from
six
babies
per
woman
to
as
low
as
two.
In
addition,
the
biggest
factor
in
child
mortality
is
poverty.
If
the
majority
of
the
world's
people
have
money,
international
aid
could
realistically
achieve
the
UN
target
of
eradicating
poverty
by
2030,
thus
stabilizing
global
population.
(74)
________.
Between
the
end
of
World
War
II
and
1990,
there
were
30
wars
that
killed
more
than
100,000
people.
Today
there
are
still
civil
wars,
but
countries
are
mostly
co-existing
more
peacefully
than
in
the
past.
However,
terrorism
has
shot
up
in
the
last
few
years
and,
since
World
War
II,
wars
have
killed
many
more
civilians
than
soldiers.
Even
for
civilians,
though,
the
statistics
are
not
all
bad.
Although
deaths
are
nine
times
more
likely
to
be
a
result
of
violent
crime
than
political
conflict,
the
global
murder
rate
fell
slightly,
from
8
per
100,000
people
in
2000
to
about
5.3
in
2015.
Of
course,
none
of
this
means
the
world
is
perfect,
and
whether
you
personally
are
affected
by
war
and
poverty
is
often
down
to
the
lottery
of
where
you're
born.
Also,
we
still
face
huge
problems
of
our
own
making,
particularly
environmental
ones
like
global
warming,
and
wealth
and
natural
resources
need
to
be
distributed
more
fairly.
(75)
________
【Keys】DEAC
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
A.
Relationships
between
students
in
the
classroom
can
be
cooperative
or
competitive.
B.
Participation
in
the
classroom
is
not
only
accepted
but
also
expected
of
the
student
in
many
courses.
C.
Classrooms
in
the
American
universities
appear
in
different
shapes
and
sizes.
D.
Undergraduate
courses
are
considerable
different
from
graduate
courses.
E.
Self-motivated
students
are
expected
to
compete
for
better
grades
honestly.
F.
The
ideal
student
is
considered
to
be
one
who
is
motivated
to
learn
for
the
sake
of
learning.
There
is
considerable
variety
in
university
classrooms
in
the
United
States.
Because
of
diverse
teaching
methods
and
non-standardized
curricula,
no
two
courses
are
the
same.
_____67_____
The
classroom
atmosphere
in
expensive,
private
universities
may
differ
from
that
in
community
colleges
which
are
free
and
open
to
everyone.
_____68_____
Some
professors
base
part
of
the
final
grade
on
the
student’s
oral
participation.
Although
there
are
formal
lectures
during
which
the
student
has
a
passive
role
(i.e.,
listening
and
taking
notes),
many
courses
are
organized
around
classroom
discussions,
student
questions,
and
informal
lectures.
Many
teachers
believe
that
the
responsibility
for
learning
lies
with
the
student.
If
a
long
reading
assignment
is
given,
instructor
expects
students
to
be
familiar
with
the
information
in
the
reading
even
if
they
do
not
discuss
it
in
class
or
give
an
examination.
(Courses
are
not
designed
merely
for
students
to
pass
exams.)
_____69_____
Ideally,
the
teacher-student
relationship
at
universities
is
characterized
by
trust.
The
honor
system,
put
forward
by
the
teacher
and
the
university
demands
that
the
student
be
honest
in
all
areas
of
schoolwork.
Thus,
cheating
on
tests,
plagiarizing
(抄袭)
in
written
work,
presenting
others’
ideas
as
original,
and
turning
in
homework
completed
by
someone
else
are
all
prohibited.
_____70_____
International
students
should
not
hesitate
to
ask
for
help
if
it
is
needed.
There
are
courses,
however,
where
grades
are
calculated
in
relation
to
other
student’s
scores.
Therefore,
in
classes
where
such
a
grading
curve
is
used,
students
may
be
reluctant
to
share
lecture
notes
or
information
for
fear
that
their
own
grades
will
suffer.
【Keys】DBFA
Guided
Writing
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
你校的校报将新增一个英语版面(an
English
section)，主编Terry向全校同学广泛征求意见。请你以Allen的名义给他写一封邮件，谈谈你希望在该版看到的内容和你的理由。
Dear
Terry,
Learning
that
a
new
English
section
will
be
added
to
the
school
newspaper,
I’
d
like
to
express
some
of
my
ideas.
To
begin
with,
serving
as
a
platform
for
us
students
to
exchange
thoughts
as
well
as
improve
English,
the
section
can
offer
us
a
golden
opportunity
to
advance
writing
skills
when
we
submit
a
piece
of
writing
in
English
to
the
newspaper.
And
I
believe,
seeing
our
own
works
published
will
surely
enhance
our
confidence
and
passion
for
English
study.
What’
s
more,
if
suggestions
on
English
learning
from
some
native
speakers
are
presented
in
this
section,
we
students
can
be
exposed
to
more
authentic
expressions,
more
practical
use
of
daily
English,
and
thus
benefit
us
a
lot.
Last
but
not
least,
we’re
eager
to
get
a
vivid
account
of
the
unique
customs
of
some
western
countries.
With
the
fast
pace
of
globalization,
chances
are
that
we
may
further
our
study
abroad
or
travel
around
the
world
someday.
A
better
grasp
of
different
cultures
will
not
only
eliminate
misunderstanding
but
also
broaden
our
horizons.
As
a
loyal
reader
of
the
school
newspaper,
I
sincerely
hope
to
see
the
new
section
function
well.
Yours,
Allen
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
六选四和作文
)
（一）六选四考点
命题特点
衔接手段
做题技巧
体裁：记叙文、说明文和议论文。
考察：对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
选项类型：
主旨概括句
过渡性句子
注释性句子
结构衔接
——根据空格的位置判断
1.若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句或承上启下的过渡句。
2.若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。
3.若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。
逻辑衔接
——根据前后文逻辑关系判断
1.因果关系
(Eg:
As
a
result/
thus/therefore
/so
(such)…)
2.转折关系
(Eg:
However/nevertheless
/though
/yet/nonetheless
/in
spite
of/on
the
contrary
/in
contrast
/by
contrast/
in
comparison/otherwise
/not...but)
3.并列关系
(Eg:
first/second/third/to
begin
with
/to
conclude)
4.递进关系
(Eg:
also/
furthermore/
similarly/
moreover
/
in
addition/what’s
more）
5.例证关系
(Eg:
such
as
/for
examples/One
of
the
examples
is
…)
词汇衔接
——从词汇关系上判断
1.代词
根据选项里代词和空格前后处代词和其单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
2.同义词/反义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。
3.同一范畴词（上下义词）
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
（二）作文
1、万能单词和句型
万能单词
万能句型
apparently
There
is
no
doubt
that...
obviously
There
is
no
denying
that...
undoubtedly
It
goes
without
saying
that...
definitely
It
is
universally
acknowledged
that...
2、高级词组
分类
中文表达
高级表达
积极方面
对...有积极/有利影响
have
a
significant
(positive/tremendous/favourable)
impact
(influence/
effect)
on
有助于
contribute
to
努力做
strive
to
do
spare
no
effort
to
do
make
every
effort
to
do
高度赞扬
sing
high
praise
for/sing
the
praise
of
think/speak
highly
of
重视
lay/put/place
great
emphasis
on
attach
great
importance
to
give
priority
to
the
importance
of
sth
can
never
be
emphasized
more/ignored
有影响，有作用
make
a(n)
significant/enormous/tremendous
difference
起着必不可少的作用
play
an
indispensable
role
in
你应该做
be
supposed
to
do
It
is
beneficial/advisable
for
you
to
do
If
I
were
you,
I
would
do...
Doing
sth
is
highly
recommended
for
you.
你不应该做
On
no
account
/By
no
means
/Under
no
circumstances
should
you…
优点、长处
strength
/
strong
points
/
advantage
/
benefit
/
merit
消极方面
缺点、弱点
weakness
/
weak
points
/
disadvantage
/
drawback
/
defect
对...有消极/不利影响
have
a
negative
(unfavourable)
impact
(influence/
effect)
on;
serve
as
an
obstacle
to
造成危险/威胁
pose
a
danger/threat
to
剥夺某人做某事的权利
deprive
sb
of
sth
修饰词类
重要的
crucial
/vital
/critical
/significant
be
of
great/profound
importance
杰出的
outstanding/distinguished/remarkable/extraordinary
有名望的
renowned/prestigious
必不可少的
indispensable
非常
extraordinarily
/exceedingly
主语类
有关当局/部门
the
authorities/departments
concerned
越来越多人
an
increasing
number
of
people
我们
we
high
school
students
结构类
在我看来
from
my
point
of
view
/as
far
as
I’m
concerned
from
my
perspective
/from
where
I’m
standing
关于
with
regard
to
/in
terms
of
/as
far
as
sth
is
concerned
when
it
comes
to
doing
因此
consequently
/as
a
result
of
which
为了
in
an
effort/attempt
to
do
for
the
sake
of
总之
in
conclusion/
to
sum
up/
to
put
it
in
a
nutshell
3、高级句型
语法
高级句型
例句
定语从句
which引导的非限制性定语从句
Because
of
ads,
we
get
easier
access
to
high-quality
products,
which
help
consumers
make
informed
decisions
when
purchasing.
介词+关系代词
Speaking
and
listening
are
of
great
significance
for
language
learning,
by
which
you
are
sure
to
make
tremendous
progress.
时间和地点名词后加when和where引导的定语从句
I
believe
that
with
joint
efforts,
the
campus
will
be
as
pure
as
paradise
where
we
won’t
get
lost
in
morality
but
will
improve
our
learning
efficiency.
名词性从句
主谓宾结构的句子都可改成What+主+谓
is
that.....
What
we
students
should
pay
attention
to
is
the
mistakes
we’ve
made
in
our
study.
同位语从句
Here
I
am
in
the
hope
that
my
advice
will
add
a
brilliant
touch
to
your
success.
状语从句
原因
It
is
beneficial
for
you
to
make
some
local
friends,
considering
that
it
needs
some
practice
to
learn
a
foreign
language
well.
结果
In
a
word,
social
practice
is
important
to
students
in
their
study,
the
formation
of
their
world
outlook
and
the
development
of
their
personalities,
consequently,
students
should
take
an
active
part
in
social
practice
as
much
as
possible.
让步
Although
the
knowledge
that
we
have
gained
in
class
is
important,
equal
concentration
should
be
laid
on
our
practical
abilities
which
play
an
important
role
in
our
future
career.
比较
The
longer
you
persevere,
the
greater
the
success
you
will
achieve.
Nothing
is
more
important
than
your
own
self-confidence.
强
调
句
It
is...that...
It
is
this
earliest
dream
in
my
life
that
supports
me
to
always
strive
for
my
bright
future.
倒
装
句
Not
only...but
also...
Through
social
practice,
not
only
will
students
be
able
to
communicate
with
more
people
but
also
know
about
deeper
social
problems
and
more
about
themselves.
Only+介词短语/状语从句
Only
in
this
way
can
we
live
in
a
more
harmonious
society.
Only
if
we
take
measures
to
address
the
problem
will
we.......
名词/形容词/副词/动词+as.....(虽然....)
Young
as
we
are,?we
students
should
spare
no
effort
to
devote
ourselves
to
coping
with
this
phenomenon.
So/Such...that....
So
familiar
am
I
with
it
that
I’d
like
to
give
you
a
vivid
and
detailed
introduction.
虚拟语气
It
is
high
time
that
sb
did/should
do
sth
It?is?high
time
that?the?authorities?concerned?took?appropriate
measures?to?resolve?the?traffic?problems.
Without.....,
I
would
never
do/wouldn’t
have
done...
Without
your
selfless
contributions,
I
couldn’t
have
fulfilled
my
aspirations.
语
态
至少用1个被动语态
To
make
our
life
more
enjoyable,
some
practical
suggestions
should
be
put
forward
as
far
as
I’m
concerned.
非
谓
语
动名词作主语
Having
group
activities
in
class
is
such
a
beneficial
teaching
method
as
is
appealing
to
our
teachers
to
have
a
try.
不定式作目的状语
In
an
effort
to
make
our
life
more
enjoyable,
some
practical
suggestions
should
be
put
forward
as
far
as
I’m
concerned.
分词作后置定语
The
boy
motivated
by
the
prospect
of
future
determined
to
study
harder.
分词作时间状语
When
stepping
out
of
the
school,
he
will
probably
be
at
a
loss
in
face
of
the
real
society.
分词作条件状语
Taking
an
active
part
in
activities,
we
will
cultivate
our
capabilities.
分词作原因状语
Buried
in
work,
parents
have
no
time
to
communicate
with
their
children.
分词作结果状语
There
is
no
denying
that
the
interaction
with
the
elderly
and
other
team
members
can
polish
up
your
socializing
skills
as
well
as
raise
your
awareness
to
cooperate
with
strangers,
thus
contributing
to
your
comprehensive
and
coordinated
development.
分词作让步状语
Although
defeated,
he
didn’t
give
up.
分词作伴随状语
All
night
long
he
lay
awake,
thinking
of
the
problem.
with复合结构
With+名词+doing/done
/to
do
With?the?society?developing?rapidly,....
With
the
college
entrance
examination
approaching,....
With
so
many
sporting
facilities
provided
by
the
school,...
插
入
语
在句子主语后插入短语，同位语和定语从句，让句子显得更高级。常用插入语短语有：
to
some/a
large
extent;
needless
to
say
①There
is
no
doubt
that
computer,
directly
or
indirectly,
to
a
large
extent,
influences
our
life
primarily
owing
to
that
computer
can
improve
the
efficiency
of
our
work
and
study.
②Shanghai
Museum,
a
well-known
and
distinguished
museum
both
at
home
and
abroad,
is
more
professional
in
holding
painting
exhibitions.
③The
naughty
boy,
who
was
spoiled
by
his
parents,
always
insists
on
things
he
wants.
比
喻
A
is
to
B
what
C
is
to
D
Just
as
A
is
to
B,
so
is
C
to
D
Just
as
gardeners
are
to
flowers,
so
is
a
teacher
to
his
student.
Reading
is
to
a
man
what
salt
is
to
a
dish.
感
叹
句
How.../What...
How
time
flies!/
What
a
tragedy!
谚
语
背诵各种类型的简单谚语
1.
Missed
chances
will
never
return.
2.
Easier
said
than
done.
3.
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
4.
All
work
and
no
play
makes
Jack
a
dull
boy.
5.
It’s
never
too
old
to
learn.
6.
Rome
was
not
built
in
a
day.
7.
A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.
8.
Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
9.
Action
speaks
louder
than
words.
10.
Every
man
has
his
faults.
11.
No
pains,
no
gains.
12.
Nothing
is
too
difficult
to
a
willing
heart.
Sentence
Filling
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
A.
These
people
are
usually
unwilling
to
try
new
things,
but
are
kind
and
cooperative,
according
to
the
study.
B.
To
compare
the
movement
of
the
planets
and
stars
is
a
brilliant
and
ancient
concept.
C.
Even
today,
it
seems
that
people
are
still
fascinated
with
trying
to
figure
out
people’s
personality
types
based
on
science.
D.
The
study
also
shows
that
there
is
connection
between
personality
type,
gender
and
age.
E.
These
are
people
who
always
finish
the
assigned
task
perfectly
and
in
most
cases
ahead
of
time.
F.
In
this
study,
about
1.5
million
participants
were
asked
to
rate
a
number
of
written
statements.
Since
ancient
Greece,
people
have
used
zodiac
signs
to
judge
a
person’s
character
traits.
___67___
According
to
The
Washington
Post,
a
new
study
published
in
the
journal
Nature
Human
Behavior
on
Sept
17,
could
tell
us
something
more
about
who
we
are.
It
identified
four
personality
types:
reserved,
role
models,
average
and
self-centered.
___68___
All
these
are
related
to
the
five
main
personality
traits
everyone’s
believed
to
possess:
extroversion,
agreeableness,
conscientiousness,
emotional
stability
and
openness.
Researchers,
with
the
aid
of
computer
software
found
that
self-centered
people
scored
higher
on
extroversion,
but
lower
than
average
on
the
other
four
traits.
‘These
are
people
you
don’t
want
to
hang
out
with,’
co-author
William
Revelle,
professor
of
psychology,
told
the
Daily
Mail.
Members
of
the
reserved
group
were
lacking
in
openness
and
extroversion,
but
were
more
agreeable
and
conscientious.___69___
People
defined
as
role
models
scored
well
in
most
traits,
but
were
weak
in
emotional
stability.
‘These
are
people
who
are
dependable
and
open
to
new
ideas,’
Luis
Amaral,
co-director
of
the
Northwestern
Institute
on
Complex
Systems
in
the
US,
told
Newsweek.
‘These
are
good
people
to
be
in
charge
of
things.
In
fact,
life
is
easier
if
you
have
more
dealings
with
role
models.’
Apart
from
these
three
personality
types,
a
totally
new
type
was
found:
average.
This
type
according
to
Science
Daily,
get
average
scores
in
all
traits.
Females
are
more
likely
than
males
to
fall
into
this
type.
___70___For
example,
role
models
are
usually
seniors,
while
the
traits
of
the
self-centered
type
mainly
fall
in
teenage
males.
However,
‘Certain
aspects
are
changing,’
Amaral
told
USA
Today.
‘As
people
mature
and
grow,
their
personality
also
matures
and
grows.
I
think
there
is
a
positive
message
that
people
matures
and
they
move
to
more
desirable
characteristics.’
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
A.
Think
twice
when
raising
questions.
B.
There’s
no
such
thing
as
a
stupid
question.
C.
It
is
a
good
way
to
get
more
information
of
the
place.
D.
This
perspective
helps
one
to
get
a
sense
of
direction.
E.
Sometimes
though,
planning
less
can
actually
bear
more
fruit.
F.
It
gives
you
less
to
worry
about
and
helps
you
blend
in
(融入).
The
joy
of
travel
comes
in
discovery.
Planting
your
feet
somewhere
you’ve
never
been
brings
with
it
the
rush
of
exploration
and
the
happiness
of
pushing
back
on
the
boundaries
of
your
world.
Follow
these
steps
and
see
the
world
differently.
Get
a
bird’s-eye
view.
_____67____Whether
it’s
from
an
observation
deck
in
a
high-rise,
a
lookout
on
a
hiking
trail,
or
in
the
basket
of
a
hot
air
balloon,
climb
up
as
high
as
you
can
and
look
out
upon
your
new
land.
_____68_____
As
soon
as
your
plane
lands
in
a
new
place,
immediately
start
asking
questions
to
everyone
you
come
across.
The
taxi
driver,
the
hotel
clerk,
the
waitress
--
these
people
are
invaluable
sources
of
knowledge
waiting
to
be
tapped.
Simple
questions
such
as
“What
do
you
think
I
should
do
tomorrow?”
will
allow
you
to
see
the
place
through
their
eyes,
and
you’ll
walk
away
with
a
handful
of
ideas.
Forget
the
big
camera.
Try
switching
to
a
pocket
camera.
_____69_____
It
gets
you
out
of
the
habit
of
observing
and
recording
and
into
participating
and
interacting.
Pull
the
camera
from
your
pocket,
shoot
the
photo
you
want
and
then
conceal
it
again.
Plan
only
one
thing
per
day.
It’s
tempting
to
plan
out
every
inch
of
your
trip
in
order
to
experience
as
much
as
you
can.
_____70_____
Leave
yourself
open
to
recommendations
and
unexpected
things
to
happen.
Try
planning
only
one
activity
a
day
and
let
your
exploration
guide
the
rest.
Guided
Writing
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
最近，一位高三语文老师的演讲被广泛流传，“生命很贵，请别浪费”成为励志流行语。请写一篇作文，文章包括：
1．
你对这句话的理解
2．
结合生活实例进行阐述
（注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称）
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sentence
Filling
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
A.
As
for
news
stories
that
make
us
think
the
world
is
an
increasingly
violent
place,
there
is
cause
for
some
optimism
too.
B.
The
rate
of
increase
will
slow
down
in
the
second
half
of
this
century
thanks
to
falling
birth
rates
today.
C.
But
not
all
the
news
is
bad
news,
whatever
the
TV
and
newspapers
might
say.
D.
But
do
the
statistics
support
our
negative
world
view
or
is
the
world
actually
improving?
E.
These
large
families
produced
even
more
children
who
survived
into
adulthood
and
had
their
own
children.
F.
As
poverty
goes
down,
life
expectancy
goes
up,
birth
rates
go
down
because
parents
can
expect
their
existing
children
to
survive.
The
state
of
the
world
If
your
view
of
the
world
comes
from
watching
the
news
and
reading
newspapers,
you
could
be
forgiven
for
lying
awake
at
night
worrying
about
the
future.
Apparently,
rising
violence
and
population
rates
mean
humans
are
both
killing
each
other
in
ever
larger
numbers
and
being
born
at
rates
the
world's
resources
can't
sustain.
To
make
matters
worse,
all
the
wealth
is
concentrated
on
a
handful
of
people
in
the
world's
richest
countries.
People
in
low-income
countries
live
in
poverty
while
the
West
gets
richer.
(72)
________.
In
the
last
two
centuries,
improvements
in
technology
and
health
meant
fewer
children
died
young,
fuelling
rapid
population
growth.
(73)
________.
But
with
the
wider
availability
of
contraception
in
the
1960s,
the
global
average
number
of
babies
per
woman
has
declined
from
six
babies
per
woman
to
as
low
as
two.
In
addition,
the
biggest
factor
in
child
mortality
is
poverty.
If
the
majority
of
the
world's
people
have
money,
international
aid
could
realistically
achieve
the
UN
target
of
eradicating
poverty
by
2030,
thus
stabilizing
global
population.
(74)
________.
Between
the
end
of
World
War
II
and
1990,
there
were
30
wars
that
killed
more
than
100,000
people.
Today
there
are
still
civil
wars,
but
countries
are
mostly
co-existing
more
peacefully
than
in
the
past.
However,
terrorism
has
shot
up
in
the
last
few
years
and,
since
World
War
II,
wars
have
killed
many
more
civilians
than
soldiers.
Even
for
civilians,
though,
the
statistics
are
not
all
bad.
Although
deaths
are
nine
times
more
likely
to
be
a
result
of
violent
crime
than
political
conflict,
the
global
murder
rate
fell
slightly,
from
8
per
100,000
people
in
2000
to
about
5.3
in
2015.
Of
course,
none
of
this
means
the
world
is
perfect,
and
whether
you
personally
are
affected
by
war
and
poverty
is
often
down
to
the
lottery
of
where
you're
born.
Also,
we
still
face
huge
problems
of
our
own
making,
particularly
environmental
ones
like
global
warming,
and
wealth
and
natural
resources
need
to
be
distributed
more
fairly.
(75)
________
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
A.
Relationships
between
students
in
the
classroom
can
be
cooperative
or
competitive.
B.
Participation
in
the
classroom
is
not
only
accepted
but
also
expected
of
the
student
in
many
courses.
C.
Classrooms
in
the
American
universities
appear
in
different
shapes
and
sizes.
D.
Undergraduate
courses
are
considerable
different
from
graduate
courses.
E.
Self-motivated
students
are
expected
to
compete
for
better
grades
honestly.
F.
The
ideal
student
is
considered
to
be
one
who
is
motivated
to
learn
for
the
sake
of
learning.
There
is
considerable
variety
in
university
classrooms
in
the
United
States.
Because
of
diverse
teaching
methods
and
non-standardized
curricula,
no
two
courses
are
the
same.
_____67_____
The
classroom
atmosphere
in
expensive,
private
universities
may
differ
from
that
in
community
colleges
which
are
free
and
open
to
everyone.
_____68_____
Some
professors
base
part
of
the
final
grade
on
the
student’s
oral
participation.
Although
there
are
formal
lectures
during
which
the
student
has
a
passive
role
(i.e.,
listening
and
taking
notes),
many
courses
are
organized
around
classroom
discussions,
student
questions,
and
informal
lectures.
Many
teachers
believe
that
the
responsibility
for
learning
lies
with
the
student.
If
a
long
reading
assignment
is
given,
instructor
expects
students
to
be
familiar
with
the
information
in
the
reading
even
if
they
do
not
discuss
it
in
class
or
give
an
examination.
(Courses
are
not
designed
merely
for
students
to
pass
exams.)
_____69_____
Ideally,
the
teacher-student
relationship
at
universities
is
characterized
by
trust.
The
honor
system,
put
forward
by
the
teacher
and
the
university
demands
that
the
student
be
honest
in
all
areas
of
schoolwork.
Thus,
cheating
on
tests,
plagiarizing
(抄袭)
in
written
work,
presenting
others’
ideas
as
original,
and
turning
in
homework
completed
by
someone
else
are
all
prohibited.
_____70_____
International
students
should
not
hesitate
to
ask
for
help
if
it
is
needed.
There
are
courses,
however,
where
grades
are
calculated
in
relation
to
other
student’s
scores.
Therefore,
in
classes
where
such
a
grading
curve
is
used,
students
may
be
reluctant
to
share
lecture
notes
or
information
for
fear
that
their
own
grades
will
suffer.
Guided
Writing
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
你校的校报将新增一个英语版面(an
English
section)，主编Terry向全校同学广泛征求意见。请你以Allen的名义给他写一封邮件，谈谈你希望在该版看到的内容和你的理由。
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