高中英语素材-虚拟语气用法归纳（教案）
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虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。
虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。
下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法：
?
条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
had
done
would/could/might/should
have
done
与现在事实相反的假设
did
(was→were)
would/could/might/should
do
与将来事实相反的假设
did
(was→were
)
;
should
do;were
to
do
would/could/might/should
do
通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。
如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could
do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示
1.
If
I
had
seen
you,
I
would
not
be
so
worried
now.
(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
2.
If
you
had
not
watched
television
so
late
last
night,
you
would
not
be
so
sleepy
now.(
从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
3.
If
I
were
you,
I
would
seize
the
chance
to
go
abroad.
(从句和主句都是现在的假设)
4.
Had
you
followed
the
doctor’s
suggestion,
you
would
be
fine
now.(
从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
5.
If
I
had
made
some
money
last
summer,
I
would
go
on
holiday
next
month.(
从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设)
6.
You
didn’t
let
me
drive.
If
we
had
driven
in
turns,
you
wouldn’t
be
so
tired
now.
(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
7.
If
Jack
hadn’t
met
Rose
on
his
voyage,
he
would
be
alive
now.
(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
8.
If
Lily
didn’t
attend
today’s
party,
she
could
not
have
the
chance
to
work
in
the
company
next
week.
(从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)
9.
Had
Father
followed
my
travel
plan
,
our
family
would
not
stay
at
home
now.
(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
10.
If
I
were
your
mother,
I
would
let
you
go
out
this
weekend.
(从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)
虚拟语气在if引导的条件状语从句中，特别注意虚拟语气与倒装的结合，前提是省略if，这种情况多见于过去和将来的假设，具体表现是将if省略，把had,
were,
should之类词语提前构成倒装。例如：
Were
I
you,
I
would
go.
Should
it
happen,
what
should
you
do?
Had
he
recognised
me,
he
would
have
come
over.
虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有without,
but
for,
otherwise,
or等等，此时我们可以从意思上推断出虚拟语气的时间(考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。
But
for
your
encouragement,
I
would
not
have
been
admitted
to
this
university.
（过去）
Without
water,
all
lives
would
die.
（现在）
He
felt
too
tired
yesterday,
or
he
would
have
attended
my
party.
（过去）
I
was
having
a
meeting,
otherwise
I
would
have
come
to
see
you
off.
（过去）
虚拟语气的第二模块就是含有should
+V的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。这一部分的词主要有常见的动词有advise,
suggest,
insist,
order,
require,
recommend,
command以及相关名词等等。记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order,
command)，三个建议(suggest,
advise,
recommend)，四个要求(ask,
require,
demand,
request)。
1.
宾语从句的虚拟语气
He
insisted
that
the
meeting
be
put
off.
The
general
ordered
(that)
all
the
soldiers
(should
)
leave.
He
gives
orders
that
the
soldiers
(should)
leave.
2.
表语从句的虚拟语气
My
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)
stay
here
for
a
rest.
3.
同位语从句的虚拟语气
There
is
no
suggestion
that
she
(should)
resign.
4.
主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况：
It’s
+p.p
+that
；
It’s
+
adj.
+that；
It’s
+
n.
+that
常用的动词recommand,
demand,
desire,
order,
request,
require,
suggest,command
常用的形容词important,
necessary,
right,
advisable,
natural,
strange,
surprising,
regretful,urgent,
vital,
insistent,
essential
常用的名词duty,
pity,
no
surpise,
no
wonder,
shame,
regret
其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思
It’s
important
that
you
should
take
the
medicine.
It’s
a
pity
that
you
should
refuse
the
invitation.
It’s
essential
that
we
should
learn
some
knowledge
about
fist
aid.
It’s
demanded
that
all
the
students
should
go
to
the
playground.
It
was
suggested
that
he
should
join
the
club
activities.
5.
It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句，it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。
I
consider
it
vital
that
he
(should)
think
deeply
before
acting.
We
think
it
necessary
that
the
meeting
(should)
be
put
off.
6.
某些词语如suggest,
insist
等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。
Her
smile
suggested
that
she
was
in
favor
of
the
plan.
We
insisted
that
what
the
boy
did
was
wrong.
虚拟语气的第三大模块指的是虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用。句这些句式使用的虚拟语气与上面的虚拟语气会有所不同，主要有两种情况：
I.
would
rather,
It’s
time…,
for
fear
that…
would
rather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身would
rather可以直接接动词原形，构成would
rather
do
sth.
(than
do
sth.else);
或者would
do
sth.
rather
than
do
sth.else.而虚拟语气的would
rather
是这样使用的would
rather
sb.
did(对现在或将来的假设)/
had
done(对过去的假设)
I
would
rather
he
didn’t
go
now.
They
would
rather
they
hadn’t
attended
the
party.
It’s
(about)
(high)
time
(that)…从句中常用过去式(有时也用should
do),
含建议的意思。汉语的意思为“是该做…的时候了”，也等于It’s
time
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
It’s
high
time
(that)
we
went
home.
It’s
high
time
that
we
(should)
go
home.
It’s
high
time
for
us
to
go
home.
for
fear
that
后面可以接虚拟语气should
do，也可以接其他语气，但依然会有一个情态动词。
I
will
not
make
a
noise
for
fear
that
I
should
/
might
disturd
you.
II.
wish+clause;
as
if/
though+
clause;
If
only这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。
wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式主要有三种wish
sb.
did(对现在的虚拟);
wish
sb.
had
done(对过去的虚拟);
wish
sb.
would
do
(对将来的虚拟).偶尔在对过去的虚拟时，也会出现wish
sb.
would
have
done的情况。
I
wish
I
knew
what
was
going
to
happen.
She
wished
she
had
stayed
at
home.
I
wish
I
would
have
seen
her
last
night.
★此时要注意表示语气很强时用How
sb.
Wish+
clause,
其用法同上。如果要用was依然换成were.
How
I
wish
I
were
a
bird.
as
if/
though出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况：主句+as
if/
though引导的状语从句；
seem/
look/
smell
+as
if/
though引导的表语从句。
主句+as
if/
though引导的状语从句：主句+as
if/
though+主语+did/
were(对现在的假设)；主句+as
if/
though+主语+could/
would
do(对将来的假设)；主句+as
if/
though+主语+had
done(对过去的假设)
seem/
look/
smell等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。
She
talks
as
if
she
knew
everything.
He
behaved
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况
If
only引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。形式为：用过去式或者would/
could
do,
表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；
用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
If
only
he
were
here!
If
only
you
would
listen
to
our
advise!
If
only
I
had
not
been
busy
last
week!
★If
only
也可以用于虚拟条件从句中，如：
If
only
I
had
more
money,
I
could
buy
a
car!
虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。
虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。
下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法：
?
条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
had
done
would/could/might/should
have
done
与现在事实相反的假设
did
(was→were)
would/could/might/should
do
与将来事实相反的假设
did
(was→were
)
;
should
do;were
to
do
would/could/might/should
do
通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。
如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could
do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示
1.
If
I
had
seen
you,
I
would
not
be
so
worried
now.
(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
2.
If
you
had
not
watched
television
so
late
last
night,
you
would
not
be
so
sleepy
now.(
从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
3.
If
I
were
you,
I
would
seize
the
chance
to
go
abroad.
(从句和主句都是现在的假设)
4.
Had
you
followed
the
doctor’s
suggestion,
you
would
be
fine
now.(
从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
5.
If
I
had
made
some
money
last
summer,
I
would
go
on
holiday
next
month.(
从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设)
6.
You
didn’t
let
me
drive.
If
we
had
driven
in
turns,
you
wouldn’t
be
so
tired
now.
(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
7.
If
Jack
hadn’t
met
Rose
on
his
voyage,
he
would
be
alive
now.
(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
8.
If
Lily
didn’t
attend
today’s
party,
she
could
not
have
the
chance
to
work
in
the
company
next
week.
(从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)
9.
Had
Father
followed
my
travel
plan
,
our
family
would
not
stay
at
home
now.
(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
10.
If
I
were
your
mother,
I
would
let
you
go
out
this
weekend.
(从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)
虚拟语气在if引导的条件状语从句中，特别注意虚拟语气与倒装的结合，前提是省略if，这种情况多见于过去和将来的假设，具体表现是将if省略，把had,
were,
should之类词语提前构成倒装。例如：
Were
I
you,
I
would
go.
Should
it
happen,
what
should
you
do?
Had
he
recognised
me,
he
would
have
come
over.
虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有without,
but
for,
otherwise,
or等等，此时我们可以从意思上推断出虚拟语气的时间(考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。
But
for
your
encouragement,
I
would
not
have
been
admitted
to
this
university.
（过去）
Without
water,
all
lives
would
die.
（现在）
He
felt
too
tired
yesterday,
or
he
would
have
attended
my
party.
（过去）
I
was
having
a
meeting,
otherwise
I
would
have
come
to
see
you
off.
（过去）
虚拟语气的第二模块就是含有should
+V的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。这一部分的词主要有常见的动词有advise,
suggest,
insist,
order,
require,
recommend,
command以及相关名词等等。记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order,
command)，三个建议(suggest,
advise,
recommend)，四个要求(ask,
require,
demand,
request)。
1.
宾语从句的虚拟语气
He
insisted
that
the
meeting
be
put
off.
The
general
ordered
(that)
all
the
soldiers
(should
)
leave.
He
gives
orders
that
the
soldiers
(should)
leave.
2.
表语从句的虚拟语气
My
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)
stay
here
for
a
rest.
3.
同位语从句的虚拟语气
There
is
no
suggestion
that
she
(should)
resign.
4.
主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况：
It’s
+p.p
+that
；
It’s
+
adj.
+that；
It’s
+
n.
+that
常用的动词recommand,
demand,
desire,
order,
request,
require,
suggest,command
常用的形容词important,
necessary,
right,
advisable,
natural,
strange,
surprising,
regretful,urgent,
vital,
insistent,
essential
常用的名词duty,
pity,
no
surpise,
no
wonder,
shame,
regret
其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思
It’s
important
that
you
should
take
the
medicine.
It’s
a
pity
that
you
should
refuse
the
invitation.
It’s
essential
that
we
should
learn
some
knowledge
about
fist
aid.
It’s
demanded
that
all
the
students
should
go
to
the
playground.
It
was
suggested
that
he
should
join
the
club
activities.
5.
It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句，it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。
I
consider
it
vital
that
he
(should)
think
deeply
before
acting.
We
think
it
necessary
that
the
meeting
(should)
be
put
off.
6.
某些词语如suggest,
insist
等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。
Her
smile
suggested
that
she
was
in
favor
of
the
plan.
We
insisted
that
what
the
boy
did
was
wrong.
虚拟语气的第三大模块指的是虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用。句这些句式使用的虚拟语气与上面的虚拟语气会有所不同，主要有两种情况：
I.
would
rather,
It’s
time…,
for
fear
that…
would
rather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身would
rather可以直接接动词原形，构成would
rather
do
sth.
(than
do
sth.else);
或者would
do
sth.
rather
than
do
sth.else.而虚拟语气的would
rather
是这样使用的would
rather
sb.
did(对现在或将来的假设)/
had
done(对过去的假设)
I
would
rather
he
didn’t
go
now.
They
would
rather
they
hadn’t
attended
the
party.
It’s
(about)
(high)
time
(that)…从句中常用过去式(有时也用should
do),
含建议的意思。汉语的意思为“是该做…的时候了”，也等于It’s
time
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
It’s
high
time
(that)
we
went
home.
It’s
high
time
that
we
(should)
go
home.
It’s
high
time
for
us
to
go
home.
for
fear
that
后面可以接虚拟语气should
do，也可以接其他语气，但依然会有一个情态动词。
I
will
not
make
a
noise
for
fear
that
I
should
/
might
disturd
you.
II.
wish+clause;
as
if/
though+
clause;
If
only这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。
wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式主要有三种wish
sb.
did(对现在的虚拟);
wish
sb.
had
done(对过去的虚拟);
wish
sb.
would
do
(对将来的虚拟).偶尔在对过去的虚拟时，也会出现wish
sb.
would
have
done的情况。
I
wish
I
knew
what
was
going
to
happen.
She
wished
she
had
stayed
at
home.
I
wish
I
would
have
seen
her
last
night.
★此时要注意表示语气很强时用How
sb.
Wish+
clause,
其用法同上。如果要用was依然换成were.
How
I
wish
I
were
a
bird.
as
if/
though出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况：主句+as
if/
though引导的状语从句；
seem/
look/
smell
+as
if/
though引导的表语从句。
主句+as
if/
though引导的状语从句：主句+as
if/
though+主语+did/
were(对现在的假设)；主句+as
if/
though+主语+could/
would
do(对将来的假设)；主句+as
if/
though+主语+had
done(对过去的假设)
seem/
look/
smell等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。
She
talks
as
if
she
knew
everything.
He
behaved
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况
If
only引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。形式为：用过去式或者would/
could
do,
表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；
用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
If
only
he
were
here!
If
only
you
would
listen
to
our
advise!
If
only
I
had
not
been
busy
last
week!
★If
only
也可以用于虚拟条件从句中，如：
If
only
I
had
more
money,
I
could
buy
a
car!