Unit
9
Wheels
未来汽车的发展趋势是由大变小，小汽车的好处有多少？
Small
cars
Here
are
two
cars
that
may
some
day
take
the
place
of
today's
big
automobiles.If
everyone
drives
such
a
car
in
the
future，there
will
be
less
pollution
in
the
air.There
will
be
more
parking
space
in
the
cities，and
the
streets
will
be
less
crowded.Three
such
cars
can
fit
in
the
space
now
needed
for
one
car
of
the
usual
size.
The
little
cars
will
cost
much
less
to
own
and
to
drive.Driving
will
be
safer，too，as
these
little
cars
can
go
only
65
kilometers
per
hour.
The
cars
of
the
future
will
be
fine
for
getting
round
a
city，but
they
will
not
be
useful
for
long
trips.If
the
car
is
powered
by
electricity，it
will
have
two
batteries，one
for
the
motor
and
one
for
the
horn，signals，etc.Little
cars
which
are
powered
by
gasoline
will
go
450
kilometers
before
needing
to
stop
for
more
gasoline.
If
big
cars
are
still
used
along
with
the
small
ones，two
sets
of
roads
will
be
needed
in
the
future.Some
roads
will
be
used
for
the
big，fast
cars，and
other
roads
will
be
needed
for
the
small，slower
ones.
[阅读障碍词]
1．crowded
adj.
拥挤的
2．power
vt.
提供动力
3．battery
n.
电池
4．horn
n.
喇叭
[诱思导读]
根据短文内容，回答下列问题
1．What's
the
advantage
of
driving
a
little
car?
There
will
be
less
pollution.There
will
be
more
parking
space
in
the
cities.The
streets
will
be
less
crowded.
2．If
big
cars
are
still
used
along
with
the
small
ones，how
many
sets
of
roads
will
be
built?
Two.Some
for
the
big，fast
cars
and
other
roads
for
the
small，slower
ones.
SectionⅠ Reading(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.therefore
A．adv.当然，确实
( )2.pedestrian
B．n.后果，结果
( )3.actually
C．n.贼，小偷
( )4.benefit
D．vt.插入，嵌入
( )5.parking
E．adv.实际地，真实地
( )6.thief
F．vt.逮捕，拘留
( )7.insert
G．n.行人
( )8.indeed
H．adv.所以，因此
( )9.consequence
I．vi.&n.得益；好处
( )10.arrest
J．n.停车场
[答案] 1—5 HGEIJ 6—10 CDABF
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.I'll
have
transportation
problem
to
go
to
work，can
you
give
me
a
lift?
( )2.Thanks
to
your
help，we
accomplished
the
task
ahead
of
schedule.
( )3.They
are
fed
up
with
the
politicians
and
want
to
vote
them
out
of
office.
( )4.You
will
benefit
from
this
experience
in
the
end.
( )5.In
consequence，many
novel
features
presented
themselves.
[答案] 1—5 CDEAB
Return
of
the
white
bikes!
People
have
been
enjoying
the
benefits
of
cycling
in
Amsterdam
for
years.①It
is
a
good
city
for
cycling
because
it
is
flat(平的)
and
therefore
is
convenient(方便的)
for
bikes.There
are
also
plenty
of
places
for
bicycle
parking
and
most
streets
in
the
city
centre
have
a
bicycle
path.Today
some
people
call
Amsterdam
the
“City
of
Bicycles”
because
of
the
convenience
for
bicycles
there.
In
the
1960s，a
group
of
cycling
fans
had
an
idea.They
believed
that
it
would
be
better
for
everybody
if
cars
weren't
allowed
in
the
city
centre
and
only
bicycles
were.②They
were
hopeful
that
this
would
help
to
save
energy，reduce
pollution
and
provide
free
public
transport.The
group
painted
hundreds
of
bicycles
white
and
placed
them
in
lots
of
neighbourhoods
around
Amsterdam
for
people
to
use.Anyone
was
allowed
to
take
them
and
use
them
for
short
journeys.Wherever
someone
finished
a
journey③
they
would
leave
the
bike
there
for
someone
else
to
use.The
problem
was
that
it
didn't
work④—thieves
took
all
the
bicycles
within
weeks！
白色自行车归来！
多年来，在阿姆斯特丹的人们一直享受着骑自行车的好处。这是个骑自行车的好城市，因为它的道路平坦，因此方便(人们)骑自行车。这里还有足够的停放自行车的场地，市中心的大多数街道都有自行车车道。现在有些人把阿姆斯特丹称作“自行车城”，因为它为自行车的使用提供了方便。
在20世纪60年代，一群自行车迷有了一个想法。他们认为如果不让汽车驶入市中心，而只让自行车进入，那对每个人来说会更好。他们希望这样做能够节约能源，减少污染，并且(给大家)提供免费的公共交通工具。他们把数百辆自行车漆成白色，并把它们放在阿姆斯特丹众多街区供人们使用。任何人都可以使用这些自行车进行短途旅行。不管在哪里结束旅途，他们都会把自行车放在那里，以便其他人使用。问题是这种做法行不通——几周内，所有的自行车都被小偷偷走了！
[助读讲解] ①本句使用了现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去。②that引导宾语从句，从句中含有if引导的虚拟条件句；and
only
bicycles
were是省略句。③wherever引导让步状语从句。④that引导表语从句，that只起连接作用，不作句子成分。
However，more
than
thirty
years
later，the
“white
bike”
is
back
in
town—this
time
with
a
computer
chip(集成电路片)
to
record
its
every
move⑤！To
take
a
bicycle⑥，you
have
to
insert
a
special
card.The
new
“white
bike”
is
not
actually
white
but
is
an
unusual
design
with
bright
colours.The
bikes
are
parked
at
special
parking
places
and
people
who
want
to
use
them
have
to
take
them
to
another
special
parking
place
that
has
enough
room⑦.
There
is
already
less
traffic
in
central
Amsterdam，because
both
locals
and
tourists
have
been
using
the
white
bikes.Indeed，thanks
to
the
good
ideas
of
lots
of
people，like
the
cycling
fans
in
the
1960s⑧，many
people
around
the
world
have
been
enjoying
city
centre
streets
without
cars
for
many
years.
Did
you
know?
The
Netherlands
has
14
million
bicycles
among
15
million
people！
然而，30多年后，“白色自行车”又出现在城区中了——这次每辆车上都装有电脑芯片来记录它的“一举一动”！要使用自行车，你必须插入一张特制的卡。新的“白色自行车”实际上并不是白色的，而是一种有着鲜亮颜色的独特设计。那些自行车被放在专门的停车处，想使用自行车的人必须把车停放在另一个有足够空间的专门的停车处。
阿姆斯特丹市中心的交通已经不怎么拥堵了，因为当地人和游客都在使用那些白色自行车。的确，多亏人们献计献策，就像20世纪60年代的自行车迷们那样，世界各地许多人多年以来能在市中心享受没有汽车的环境。
你知道吗？
荷兰的1
500万人拥有1
400万辆自行车！
[助读讲解] ⑤本句是with复合结构，with＋宾语＋不定式。⑥动词不定式To
take
a
bicycle作目的状语。⑦who引导定语从句修饰先行词people；that引导定语从句修饰先行词parking
place。⑧in
the
1960s二十世纪六十年代。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P36教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．Effect
of
white
bikes.
2．Para.2
B．White
bikes
30
years
later.
3．Para.3
C．White
bikes
in
the
1960s.
4．Para.4
D．Why
Amsterdam
is
called
the
“City
of
Bicycles”．
[答案] 1—4 DCBA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P36教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Nowadays
some
people
call
Amsterdam
the
“City
of
Bicycles”
because
．
A．there
are
more
bicycles
there
than
in
other
places
B．it
is
convenient
for
bikes
there
C．all
the
people
there
like
riding
bicycles
D．it
produces
many
bicycles
every
year
2．From
the
text
we
know
that
the
first
“white
bikes”
plan
failed
because
．
A．the
government
disagreed
with
the
idea
B．riding
bikes
was
too
dangerous
C．thieves
stole
all
the
bikes
D．this
idea
was
too
difficult
to
carry
out
3．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
true?
A．Cycling
is
convenient
in
Amsterdam.
B．There
are
plenty
of
bicycle
parking
places
in
Amsterdam.
C．Local
people
stole
all
the
bikes
in
the
neighbourhoods.
D．The
new
“white
bike”
is
an
unusual
design.
4．The
“white
bikes”
have
the
following
effects
except
．
A．saving
energy
B．reducing
pollution
C．making
the
city
more
crowded
D．providing
free
public
transport
5．The
writer's
attitude
towards
the
“white
bikes”
is
．
A．supportive
B．opposed
C．not
stated
D．pessimistic
[答案] 1－5 BCCCA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P36教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
People
1.have
been
enjoying(enjoy)
the
benefits
of
cycling
in
Amsterdam
for
years.It
is
a
good
city
for
cycling
because
it
is
flat
and
therefore
is
2.convenient(convenience)
for
bikes.
In
the
1960s，a
group
of
cycling
fans
had
3.an
idea.They
believed
that
4.it
would
be
better
if
cars
weren't
allowed
in
the
city
centre
and
only
bicycles
were.They
painted
hundreds
of
bicycles
white
and
placed
them
in
lots
of
neighbourhoods
for
people
5.to
use
(use)．Wherever
someone
finished
a
journey
they
would
leave
the
bike
there
for
someone
else
to
use.But
the
problem
was
that
6.thieves(thief)
took
all
the
bicycles
within
weeks!
More
than
thirty
years
7.later(late)，the
“white
bike”
is
back
in
town.The
new
“white
bike”
is
not
8.actually(actual)white
but
is
an
unusual
design
with
bright
colours.Now
there
is
already
9.less(little)
traffic
in
central
Amsterdam.Indeed，thanks
to
the
ideas
of
lots
of
people，like
the
cycling
fans
in
the
1960s，many
people
around
the
world
have
been
enjoying
city
centre
streets
10.without
cars
for
many
years.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
9
Wheels
Section
Ⅱ Language
Points
(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．We
arrived
a
little
earlier.Therefore(因此)
we
could
have
a
rest
before
we
started
our
work.
2．The
buses
transport(运送)
passengers
from
the
bus
station
to
hotels.
3．Will
it
be
convenient(方便的)
for
you
to
start
work
tomorrow?
4．He
was
arrested(逮捕)
for
drunk
driving.
5．Wherever(无论何地)you
go，your
parents
will
care
about
you.
6．I
have
been
fed
up
with
the
heavy
work
and
the
tiring
talk.
7．The
police
are
hopeful
of
finding
more
clues
to
the
traffic
accident.
8．There
will
be
serious
consequences
if
the
cost
of
life
continues
to
rise.
9．Don't
argue
with
me，John.Just
do
what
I
tell
you.
10．I
know
little
about
the
truth
actually．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．actual
adj.实际的；事实上的→actually
adv.实际地，真实地
2．benefit
vi.&
n．得益；好处→beneficial
n．有利的；有益的
3．convenient
adj.方便的，便利的→convenience
n．方便，便利
4．consequent
adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→consequently
adv.因此；所以→consequence
n．后果，结果
5．argue
vi.争辩，争吵→argument
n．说服；辩论
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．in
the
1960s
在20世纪60年代
2．more
than
多余，超过
3．have
an
effect
on
对……有影响
4．in
consequence
结果
5．benefit
from
受益于
6．give
sb.a
lift
让某人搭便车
7．work
out
锻炼身体，做运动
8．by
sea
乘船，走海路
9．thanks
to
由于，幸亏
10．fed
up
不愉快的，厌烦的
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．I
haven't
worked
out
how
much
the
decoration
of
my
new
house
will
cost.
2．I'm
fed
up
with
this
boring
life.
3．Today
thanks
to
the
Internet，you
can
do
all
your
Christmas
shopping
at
home.
4．They
talked
on
the
phone
for
more
than
an
hour.
5．I
dare
say
that
he
benefits
from
the
advice
of
his
friends.
n.＋?ial→adj.
v.＋up→动词短语
financial
财务的；金融的commercial
商业的social
社会的
do
up
整理pull
up
停下hurry
up
快点
1．Wherever
someone
finished
a
journey
they
would
leave
the
bike
there
for
someone
else
to
use.
不管在哪里结束旅途，他们都会把自行车放在那里，以便其他人使用。
[记句式结构]wherever引导让步状语从句
[仿写促落实]这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
Wherever
the
film
star
goes，there
are
crowds
of
people
waiting
to
see
her.
2．The
problem
was
that
it
didn't
work...
问题是这种做法行不通……
[记句式结构]that引导表语从句
[仿写促落实]真正的问题是没有一个人有汽车。
The
real
difficulty
is
that
no
one
has
a
car．
3．A
boy，all
wet，is
coming
out
of
the
pond
in
the
park.
一个男孩浑身湿透了，从公园的池塘里走出来。
[记句式结构]独立主格结构
[仿写促落实]他把毛衣穿反了。
He
put
on
his
sweater，wrong
side
out.
benefit
n．利益；好处
v．(使)受益
(教材P36)People
have
been
enjoying
the
benefits
of
cycling
in
Amsterdam
for
years.
多年来，在阿姆斯特丹的人们一直享受着骑自行车的好处。
(1)benefit
sb./sth. 有益于某人/某物
benefit
from...
从……中受益
(2)for
sb.'s
benefit＝for
the
benefit
of
sb.
为了某人的利益，
为了帮助某人
(3)beneficial
adj.
有益的
be
beneficial
to＝be
of
benefit
to对……有益
①Sunshine
is
beneficial(benefit)
to
plants.
光照对植物有益。
②Regular
exercise
is
of
great
benefit
to
our
health.
定期锻炼对健康有益。
③Some
countries
—
especially
those
in
northern
Europe
—
actually
benefit
from
a
bit
of
warming.
一些国家，特别是北欧国家，实际上从全球小幅变暖中受益。
[图形助记]
benefit
的双向表达
A
B
convenient
adj.方便的，便利的
(教材P36)It
is
a
good
city
for
cycling
because
it
is
flat
and
therefore
is
convenient
for
bikes.
这是个骑自行车的好城市，因为它的道路平坦，因此方便(人们)骑自行车。
(1)if/when
it
is/was
convenient
to/for
sb.
如果某人方便的话/当某人方便时
It
is/was
convenient
for
sb.to
do
sth.
某人方便做某事
(2)convenience
n.
方便，便利
for
convenience 为方便起见
at
one's
convenience 在某人方便的时候
①It
is
not
convenient
for
me
to
ring
him
up.
我现在不方便给他打电话。
②Come
to
see
me
whenever
it
is
convenient
to/for
you.
你什么时候方便就什么时候来看我。
③Please
send
me
an
answer
at
your
convenience(convenient)．
请在你方便时给我回信。
[名师点津]
(1)convenient作表语时，其主语不能是人，一般是sth.或it。类似的词还有：possible/impossible，necessary/unnecessary等。
(2)convenience意为“方便，便利”时，用作不可数名词；意为“便利的事物，便利设施”时，用作可数名词。
in
the
1960s
在20世纪60年代
(教材P36)In
the
1960s，a
group
of
cycling
fans
had
an
idea.在20世纪60年代，一群自行车迷有了一个想法。
(1)表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“in
the＋年份(尾数为0)＋s/'s”。有时年份前还可加修饰词early/middle/late，表示在“某世纪某年代的早期/中期/后期”。
in
the
early
1990s/1990's在20世纪90年代早期
in
the
late
1760s/1760's在18世纪60年代后期
(2)“in
one's＋逢十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十岁的时候”。
in
his
teens 在他十几岁时
in
her
twenties
在她20多岁时
①She
became
a
household
name
in
the
early
1960s.
她在20世纪60年代早期成为家喻户晓的人物。
②My
daughter
preferred
to
dance
when
she
was
in
her
twenties(twenty)．
我女儿在二十几岁时更喜欢跳舞。
more
than多于；超过
(教材P36)However，more
than
thirty
years
later，the
“white
bike”
is
back
in
town—this
time
with
a
computer
chip
to
record
its
every
move!
然而，30多年后，“白色自行车”又出现在城区中了——这次每辆车上都装有电脑芯片来记录它的“一举一动”！
more
than＋数词 超过，多于(相当于over)
more
than
one＋n.
不止一个……(作主语时，谓语用单数)
more
than＋n.
不只是……，不仅仅是……
more
than＋adj./adv./v.
非常/十分……
more
than＋句子(常含can/could)超出……的能力范围
①More
than
one
house
was
burnt(burn)
down
in
the
fire.
不止一所房子在火灾中烧毁。
②Jason
is
more
than
a
lecturer;
he
is
a
writer，too.
杰森不仅是个演讲家，他还是个作家。
fed
up
不愉快的；厌烦的
(教材P36)You
look
fed
up！你看起来不高兴！
对……厌烦
feed...on/with... 用……喂养……
feed
on...
以……为主食；以……当饲料
feed
up...
给……吃营养食物；养肥；使吃饱
feed...to...
把……喂给……
①I
am
fed
up
with
his
laziness
and
carelessness.
我受够了他的懒惰和粗心。
②Owls
feed
on
mice
and
other
small
animals.
猫头鹰以老鼠和其他小动物为食。
③You'd
better
feed
these
fresh
vegetables
to
the
little
boy.
你最好把这些新鲜的蔬菜给那个小男孩吃。
consequence
n．后果；结果
(教材P37)a
past
activity
that
has
some
consequences
in
the
present
过去的行为对现在造成的后果
(1)in
consequence＝as
a
consequence＝as
a
result
因此；所以
in
consequence
of＝as
a
consequence
of＝as
a
result
of 由于
take/accept
the
consequences
of 承担……的后果
of
no
consequence 无关紧要
(2)consequently
adv.
因此，所以
①We
didn't
have
enough
money
to
pay
our
bus
fares，and
in
consequence
we
had
to
walk.
我们没有足够的钱买车票，所以只能步行。
②In
consequence
of
your
bad
work，I
am
forced
to
dismiss
you.
你工作不好，我只能解雇你。
work
out锻炼身体，做运动；计算出；制定出；被证明有效/切实可行；进展
(教材P37)work
out
in
the
gym
在健身房锻炼身体
写出下列句中work
out的含义
①He
works
out
with
weights
twice
a
week.锻炼，健身
②The
situation
worked
out
quite
well.结果是
③I
can't
work
out
this
problem.解决(问题)
④We
have
to
work
out
how
much
food
we'll
need
for
the
party.计算出(数量、价格、答案等)
work
at
从事；致力于，钻研
work
for 为……工作，为……做事
work
off 除去；解除
work
on 继续工作；影响；从事
work
over 检查；研究
work
with 与……共事，与……合作
⑤I
have
had
to
work
for
every
single
penny
I
earned.
我挣的每一便士都是辛苦工作得来的。
⑥I
spent
some
time
(in)
working
over
these
books.
我花了一些时间去好好研究这些书籍。
argue
vi.争辩，争吵；论证；证明
(教材P37)argue
with
someone与某人争辩/吵
(1)argue
with
sb.about/over
sth. 与某人争论某事
argue
for/against
sth.
为支持/反对某事而辩论
argue
sb.into/out
of
doing
sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
(2)beyond
argument 无需争论
have
an
argument
with...over/about就……和……争论
get
into
an
argument
with 和……争论
①They
argued
for
the
right
to
strike.
他们据理力争罢工权利。
②It's
no
use
arguing
about
the
question
with
him
for
he
won't
change
his
opinion.
关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变自己的观点的。
③They
argued
him
into
cycling(cycle)
instead
of
driving
there.他们说服他骑自行车而不是开车去那里。
(教材P36)Wherever
someone
finished
a
journey
they
would
leave
the
bike
there
for
someone
else
to
use.
不管在哪里结束旅途，他们都会把自行车放在那里，以便其他人使用。
【要点提炼】 wherever“无论在哪里”，引导让步状语从句。
(1)wherever，whenever，however，whoever，whichever，whatever
等引导让步状语从句，相当于“no
matter＋疑问词”。
(2)whoever，whichever，whatever
等也可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone
that
或anything
that，但是“no
matter＋疑问词”不能引导名词性从句。
①Whoever(＝No
matter
who)
leaves
the
room
last
must
make
sure
that
the
windows
are
closed.
不管谁最后离开房间，必须确保关上窗户。
②Whenever
and
wherever(＝No
matter
when
and
where)he
comes
across
his
students，the
teacher
says
hello
to
them.
不管什么时候在什么地方碰到自己的学生，这位老师都会和他们打招呼。
③Tell
whoever
you
like—it
makes
no
difference
to
me.(＝Tell
anyone
that
you
like—it
makes
no
difference
to
me.)
你想告诉谁就告诉谁吧，我无所谓。
[解构长句难句]
(教材P36)They
believed
that
it
would
be
better
for
everybody
if
cars
weren't
allowed
in
the
city
centre
and
only
bicycles
were.
【分析】 本句为主从复合句。主句为They
believed，that引导宾语从句。该宾语从句又是一个主从复合句，含有if引导的条件状语从句。
【翻译】 他们认为如果不让汽车驶入市中心，而只让自行车进入，那会每个人来说会更好。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She
has
never
benefited
from
all
that
experience.
2．By
the
way，will
it
be
convenient
to
see
the
room
now?
3．Thanks
to
the
bad
weather，the
match
had
been
cancelled.
4．The
basketball
players
are
working
out
at
the
gym.
5．Whenever(when)I
hear
the
story，I
cannot
help
crying.
6．As
a
consequence
of
smoking，my
father
coughs
frequently.
7．I
am
fed(feed)
up
with
waiting
for
her
to
telephone.
8．Fresh
air
and
good
food
are
beneficial(benefit)
to
the
health.
9．We
came
to
an
understanding
after
the
argument(argue)．
10．Actually(actual)
I
have
been
taught
history
for
five
years.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Did
you
benefit
the
new
way
of
doing
business？benefit后加from
2．He
is
very
convenient
to
pay
by
credit
card.He→It
3．In
the
twenties，Charles
began
to
write
and
soon
became
famous.the→his
4．As
a
consequence
of，the
country
declined
into
poverty
and
ignorance.去掉of
5．He
was
very
tired，therefore
he
didn't
give
the
market
report.therefore前加and
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．She
is
willing
to
help
you，however
busy
she
is．
无论多忙，她都愿意帮助你。
2．As
a
consequence
of
the
development
of
technology，it
is
convenient
for
us
to
enjoy
reading
on
the
Internet
and
phone.
由于科技的发展，我们可以很方便地在网络、手机上享受阅读。
3．I
often
argue
with
my
family
about
which
kind
of
books
to
read.
我经常因为看哪类书和我家人争辩。
4．It's
well
known
that
we
benefit
a
lot
from
reading．
众所周知，读书使我们受益匪浅。
5．Internet
makes
it
convenient
for
us
to
get
in
touch
with
each
other．
因特网使我们相互之间联系更便利。
现在完成进行时
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.People
have
been
enjoying
the
benefits
of
cycling
in
Amsterdam
for
years.2.Many
people
around
the
world
have
been
enjoying
city
centre
streets
without
cars
for
many
years.3.He
has
been
fighting
with
a
friend.4.I
have
been
looking
for
a
job
for
three
months.5.I
have
been
writing
letters
all
this
evening
and
I've
just
finished
them.6.You
haven't
been
doing
your
homework
those
days.
以上六句时态结构一致，都是have/has＋been＋doing结构，这种时态结构被称作现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去发生一直持续到现在，可能仍会进行下去。
一、意义
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。
二、构成
肯定形式：have/has＋been
doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have)
I
have
been
waiting
for
you.我一直在等你。
否定形式：have/has＋not＋been
doing
He
hasn't
been
using
the
car
for
the
last
two
months.
过去两个月他一直没用车。
三、用法
1．表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。
It
has
been
snowing
for
three
hours.
雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下)
2．表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
Her
eyes
are
red.It's
obvious
that
she
has
been
crying
for
a
long
time.
她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。
3．强调动作延续时间的长久或带感彩。
She
has
always
been
working
hard.
她工作一直很努力。
4．表示这段时间反复发生的事情。
I
have
been
visiting
some
cities
of
China
this
month.
这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。
[名师点津]
不能用于进行时的动词如表示心理活动、属性、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。
I
have
been
having
a
cold
for
two
weeks.(×)
I
have
had
a
cold
for
two
weeks.(√)
我已经感冒两周了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You
should
go
to
bed.You
have
been
watching(watch)
TV
for
5
hours.
2．I
have
been
writing(write)
letters
since
6
o'clock.
3．I
have
been
working(work)
in
this
school
since
I
graduated
from
college.Now
I
am
still
working
here.
4．You
know，I
have
been
looking(look)
for
a
job
for
three
months，and
this
is
my
first
formal
interview.
5．The
little
boy
is
dirty
all
over
because
he
has
been
playing/has
played(play)
in
the
mud
all
the
morning.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It
has
been
rained
since
last
Sunday.
rained→raining
2．She
is
very
tired.She's
been
typed
letters
all
day.
typed→typing
3．I
have
waiting
for
two
hours.have后加been
4．His
eyes
are
red.He
have
been
working
too
hard
recently.have→has
5．We've
been
stayed
in
a
hotel
since
we
came
here.
stayed→staying
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
9
Wheels
Section
Ⅲ Reading(Ⅱ)
(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.grey
A．n.操作人员，接线员
( )2.vocabulary
B．n.大使
( )3.timetable
C．adj.禁止吸烟的
( )4.platform
D．n.时间表
( )5.baggage
E．n.译员，口译者
( )6.non?smoking
F．n.女主人
( )7.ambassador
G．n.词汇，词汇量
( )8.interpreter
H．adj.愚蠢的
( )9.foolish
I．n.行李
( )10.hostess
J．adj.灰色的，灰白的
( )11.operator
K．n.站台，月台
[答案] 1—5 JGDKI 6—11 CBEHFA
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.We
are
sensitive
to
the
needs
and
expectations
of
our
customers.
( )2.I've
been
thinking
about
that
all
the
time.
( )3.The
same
changes
took
place
again
and
again.
( )4.The
cab
pulled
up
and
the
driver
jumped
out.
( )5.I
can't
do
it
all
on
my
own
and
I
must
rely
on
everyone
for
help.
[答案] 1—5 CDAEB
Solar(太阳的)
Car
Racing
Solar
racers
have
been
coming①
to
Australia
for
years
for
the
World
Solar
Car
Challenge.We
interviewed
Marie
Logan
from
Brisbane.
Q：Well，the
first
question
I
have
for
you②
is
simple.What
is
a
solar
car?
A：Solar
cars
are
cars
that
use
the
sun's
energy
for
power③.That
means
they
don't
use
petrol(汽油)，gas
or
any
other
fuel(燃料)，just
the
sunlight.
Q：And
why
are
people
interested
in
solar
cars?
A：People
have
been
worried
about
pollution
caused
by
fuels
like
petrol
and
gas④
for
a
long
time
now.Solar
cars
are
clean
and
safe，so
there
is
a
lot
of
interest
in
them.
Q：You've
been
designing
solar
racing
cars
for
a
long
time.When
did
you
start?
A：Well，I've
been
interested
in
cars
since
kindergarten(幼儿园)．When
I
was
at
university，I
started
designing
my
car.I've
designed
five
or
six
different
cars
so
far⑤.And
I've
been
taking
part
in
races
for
about
four
years.
Q：How
many
races
have
you
taken
part
in?
A:
Let
me
think.Six.We've
won
two
of
them！
太阳能汽车赛
多年来，太阳能汽车赛车手一直来澳大利亚参加世界太阳能汽车挑战赛。我们采访了来自布里斯班的玛丽·洛根。
问：嗯，我要问你的第一个问题很简单，什么是太阳能汽车？
答：太阳能汽车就是以太阳能为能源的汽车，也就是说，这种汽车不用汽油、煤气或其他任何燃料，只用阳光。
问：人们为什么对太阳能汽车感兴趣呢？
答：人们一直为汽油、煤气等燃料带来的污染担忧。太阳能汽车既干净又安全，因此人们才会对它们很感兴趣。
问：你已经从事太阳能赛车设计很长时间了。你是从什么时候开始的呢？
答：嗯，我从上幼儿园开始就对汽车感兴趣。上大学的时候我开始设计我的汽车。迄今为止，我已经设计了五六款不同的汽车。我参加(汽车)比赛也大概四年了。
问：你参加过多少场比赛？
答：让我想想。六次，而且我们赢过两场比赛！
[助读讲解] ①have
been
coming是现在完成进行时态。②I
have
for
you是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰the
first
question。③that引导定语从句，修饰先行词cars。④caused
by
fuels
...是过去分词短语作定语，修饰pollution。⑤so
far表示“迄今为止”常和现在完成时连用。
Q：Where
do
these
races
take
place?
A：Well，the
one
I
like
best⑥
crosses
the
whole
of
Australia
from
northwest
to
southeast.It's
about
4，500
km
long!
Q：Wow!
How
long⑦
does
that
take?
A：These
days
the
fastest
cars
can
do
it
in
six
days.
Q：And
what
have
you
been
doing
recently?
A：I've
been
building
a
new
car
with
a
team
from
Queensland
University.We've
done
a
lot
of
work
on
it，but
we
haven't
finished
yet.
Q：And
you've
been
writing
a
book
about
solar
cars.
A：Well，so
far
I've
only
written
the
first
few
chapters(章节)!
I
want
people
to
have
a
good
impression(印象)
of
solar
cars.
Q：But
a
lot
of
people
think
that
solar
cars
are
too
slow
or
not
very
reliable(可靠的)．How
can
you
persuade
them
of
the
advantages
of
solar
cars?
A：Solar
cars
are
getting
better
all
the
time⑧.They
have
reached
speeds
of
nearly
80
k．p.h.In
tests，one
car
we
built⑨
has
averaged
over
40
k．p.h.，even
in
cloudy
weather.
Q：You've
been
working
hard—good
luck
in
the
race!
A：Thanks
a
lot.
问：这些比赛是在哪儿举行的？
答：哦，我最喜欢的是从西北到东南横穿整个澳大利亚、行程4
500公里的那场比赛！
问：哇！那要花费多长时间？
答：现在最快的车六天就可以跑完全程。
问：那你最近在做什么？
答：我正在和来自昆士兰大学的一个团队一起制造一款新车。我们已经为此做了很多工作，但还没有完成。
问：而且你一直在写一本关于太阳能汽车的书。
答：哦，目前我刚写完前几章。我想让人们对太阳能汽车有个好印象。
问：但很多人认为太阳能汽车既慢又不很可靠。你怎样才能说服他们相信太阳能汽车的长处呢？
答：太阳能汽车(的性能)越来越好。现在它们的时速已经将近80公里。在测试中，我们制造的一辆太阳能汽车的平均速度已达每小时40多公里，即使是在多云天气里(也能达到这样的速度)。
问：你一直工作非常努力——祝你比赛好运！
答：非常感谢。
[助读讲解] ⑥I
like
best是定语从句，省略了关系代词。⑦How
long...“……多久”。⑧all
the
time一直；自始至终。⑨we
built是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰one
car。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P40教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1.
Marie
Logan
began
designing
cars
after
she
graduated.( )
2．Marie
has
designed
seven
different
cars
so
far.( )
3．The
team
has
nearly
finished
building
“Rainbow”．( )
4．Marie
has
written
a
book
about
solar
energy.( )
5．Solar
cars
can
work
even
in
cloudy
weather.( )
[答案] 1－5 FFFFT
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P40教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
Marie
Logan?
A．She
is
an
Australian.
B．She
got
interested
in
solar
cars
when
in
kindergarten.
C．She
began
taking
part
in
car
races
when
she
was
at
university.
D．She
was
always
the
winner
in
the
car
races
she
took
part
in.
2．The
race
crossing
the
whole
of
Australia
．
A．can
be
done
within
a
week
B．is
longer
than
the
Changjiang
River
C．is
Marie
Logan's
favourite
because
she
was
once
the
winner
in
it
D．travels
around
the
country
3．Marie
Logan
writes
the
book
about
solar
cars
．
A．to
make
a
living
B．to
tell
people
how
to
design
a
car
C．to
get
people
to
know
more
about
solar
cars
D．to
persuade
people
to
buy
solar
cars
4．From
the
conversation，we
can
infer
that
．
A．Marie
Logan's
book
will
be
popular
B．solar
cars
will
be
popular
C．solar
cars
can
run
faster
than
usual
cars
D．weather
can
influence
a
solar
car's
speed
5．All
the
facts
are
mentioned
EXCEPT
that
．
A．solar
cars
will
not
pollute
the
environment
B．a
lot
of
people
haven't
realized
the
potential
of
solar
cars
C．solar
cars'
speed
is
becoming
faster
D．solar
cars'
shapes
are
special
[答案] 1－5 AACDD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P40教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Marie
Logan
has
been
interested
in
cars
since
kindergarten.1.When
she
was
at
university，she
started
designing
her
cars.She
2.has
designed(design)
five
or
six
different
cars
so
far，and
she
has
been
taking
part
3.in
races
for
about
four
years.She
has
won
two
of
the
six
races
and
the
one
she
likes
4.best(good)
took
place
across
the
whole
of
Australia
from
northwest
to
southeast.These
years
Marie
Logan
has
been
designing
solar
racing
cars.Solar
cars
are
cars
5.that/which
use
the
sun's
energy
for
power.6.They
are
clean
and
safe.Marie
Logan
has
also
been
writing
7.a
book
about
solar
cars.She
has
only
finished
the
first
few
chapters
of
the
book.She
wants
people
to
have
a
good
8.impression(impress)
of
solar
cars.Solar
cars
are
getting
9.better
(good)
all
the
time.In
tests，one
car
she
built
has
averaged
over
40
k．p.h.，even
in
10.cloudy(cloud)
weather.They
will
be
popular
among
people
all
over
the
world.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
9
Wheels
Section
Ⅳ Language
Points(Ⅱ) (Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．There
are
three
chapters
(章节)
of
this
book
at
most.
2．The
contents
of
the
letter
were
quite
disappointing.
3．Most
kindergartens
(幼儿园)
teach
children
how
to
speak
English
nowadays.
4．I
wrote
him
a
letter
to
show
my
appreciation
of
his
thoughtfulness.
5．I
have
the
impression
(印象)
that
I've
seen
the
air
hostess
before.
6．An
officer
climbed
on
to
the
platform
(平台)
and
spoke
to
him.
7．The
pilot
of
the
plane
is
responsible
for
the
passengers'
safety.
8．The
horse
kicked
out
at
them
fiercely．
9．We
all
know
that
the
sun
is
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.
10．The
morning
sunlight
flooded
into
the
room.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．sense
n．意义；感官→sensitive
adj.善解人意的；敏感的→sensible
adj.意识到的；明智的
2．gentle
adj.和善的，温和的→gently
adv.温柔地，温和地→gentleness
n．温和；文雅
3．fierce
adj.残忍的，凶猛的→fiercely
adv.猛烈地，厉害地
4．responsible
adj.负责任的，有责任的→responsibly
adv.负责任地，可依赖地→responsibility
n．负责，责任，职责
5．rely
v．依赖，依靠→reliable
adj.可靠的
6．impress
v．给……深刻的印象；使铭记→impression
n．印象，感觉
7．appreciate
vt.感谢，鉴赏→appreciation
n．欣赏，感激
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．pull
out
(火车)驶离车站，出站
2．rely
on
依赖，依靠
3．all
the
time
一直
4．take
part
in
参加
5．so
far
迄今为止
6．take
place
举行；发生
7．be
impressed
on
对……有印象
8．pull
up
(车辆)停止，停车
9．be
sensitive
to
对……敏感
10．be
content
with
对……满足
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Are
you
content
with
your
relationships，work，health?
2．The
dying
man's
words
were
impressed
on
my
memory，though
I
could
not
understand
them.
3．Three?quarters
of
the
country's
workers
took
part
in
the
strike.
4．We
become
friends
and
we
call
each
other
on
the
phone
all
the
time．
5．So
far
we
haven't
been
able
to
find
anything，but
we're
still
researching.
v.＋?able→adj.
v.＋on→复合短语
adjustable
可调节的exchangeable
可交换的；可兑换的classifiable
可分类的
concentrate
on
聚精会神，全神贯注count
on
指望，依赖decide
on
对……做出决定，选定
1.
Solar
cars
are
cars
that
use
the
sun's
energy
for
power.
太阳能汽车就是以太阳能为能源的汽车。
[记句式结构]that引导定语从句
[仿写促落实]有关此事，凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
Please
tell
me
anything
that
you
know
about
the
matter．
2.
People
have
been
worried
about
pollution
caused
by
fuels
like
petrol
and
gas
for
a
long
time
now.
人们一直为汽油、煤气等燃料带来的污染担忧。
[记句式结构]过去分词作定语
[仿写促落实]保安人员跟着的那个人是我们的主席。
The
man
followed
by
security
guards
is
our
chairman.
sensitive
adj.敏感的；能理解的
(教材P118)Mary，the
American
ambassador
is
a
sensitive
woman
who
is
very
friendly
and
gets
on
well
with
people.
玛丽，那位美国大使是一位非常善解人意的女士，她非常友好，与人相处融洽。
(1)be
sensitive
about/to... 对……敏感的
be
sensitive
of...
意识到；认识到
It
is
sensitive
of
sb.to
do
sth.
某人做某事是正确的
(2)sensible
adj.
明智的
①People
must
be
sensitive
to
this
possibility
when
they
make
volunteer
activities
a
must.
当人们把志愿者工作当作必须做的事情时，他们一定对这种可能性很敏感。
②She
is
very
sensitive
about/to
her
appearance.
她对外表很在乎。
③I
think
the
suggestion
is
sensible(sense)．
我认为这个建议很明智。
likely
adj.可能的
(教材P118)
“He's
most
likely
still
in
bed，”
thinks
Mary.
“他很可能还在睡觉，”玛丽想。
sb./sth.be
likely
to
do
sth.某人/某物极有可能做某事
It
is
likely
that...
……是可能的
①Women
are
less
likely
to
have(have)
high
blood
pressure
or
to
die
from
heart
attacks.
妇女患高血压或死于心脏病的可能性要小。
②The
weather
is
likely
to
be
fine.
＝It's
likely
that
the
weather
will
be
fine.
天气可能会好转。
responsibility
n．负责，责任，职责
(教材P118)“I'd
better
take
more
responsibility
for
my
own
life，”she
thinks.
“我最好还是为我自己的生活多承担点责任”，她想。
(1)a
sense
of
responsibility 责任感
take/have
responsibility
for...
对……负责任
It's
one's
responsibility
to
do
sth.
做某事是某人的责任
(2)responsible
adj.
负责的
be
responsible
for
对……负责
①His
son
will
take
responsibility
for
the
company
after
he
retires.在他退休之后，他儿子将负责公司业务。
②It's
my
responsibility
to
take(take)
good
care
of
my
parents
and
children.照顾好父母和孩子是我的责任。
③Who
do
you
think
should
be
responsible
for
the
car
accident？你认为谁应该对这起事故负责？
rely
on(＝depend
on)
依赖，依靠；信任，信赖
(教材P118)I
rely
on
Hao
Qi
too
much!
我太依赖郝奇了！
(1)rely
on
sb./sth.to
do
sth./rely
on
sb./sth.doing
sth. 指望某人/某物做某事
rely
on
it
that...
依靠/信赖/指望……
(2)reliable
adj.
可靠的
(3)reliance
n.
可靠性
①Don't
rely
on
me
to
go
to
London.
＝Don't
rely
on
me
going(go)
to
London.
不要指望我去伦敦。
②You
may
rely
on
it
that
he
will
come
to
see
you.
放心好了，他会来见你的。
pull
up(车辆)停止；训斥(某人)
(教材P39)She
pulled
up
suddenly
at
the
traffic
lights.
她突然把车在交通灯前停下来。
pull
down 拉下(遮帘、帘子等)；拆毁，拆掉(建筑物)
pull
in (列车)到达，进站；(船、车)靠向一边，停靠
pull
out 驶离路边；驶出
pull
through 渡过难关，摆脱危难
pull
over
向路边停靠
①The
cinema
she
used
to
visit
had
been
pulled
down．
她过去常去的那家电影院已经被拆掉了。
②The
train
pulled
in
exactly
on
time.火车准时进站。
③The
policeman
signaled
him
to
pull
over．
警察示意他把车停在路边。
④With
the
help
of
neighbours，the
old
man
pulled
through
the
cold
winter.
在邻居的帮助下，那位老人度过了寒冬。
content
n．内容
vt.使满意，使满足
adj.满意的，满足的
(教材P39)contents
of
your
luggage
你行李中的东西
be
content
to
do
sth.＝be
willing/ready
to
do
sth.
乐意做某事；满足于做某事
be
content
with
sth.＝be
satisfied/pleased
with
sth.
对某事满意/满足
content
oneself
with
sth.
满足于……；对……感到满意
①That
rich
man
is
tired
of
city
life，so
he
is
content
to
live
in
the
country.
那位富人厌倦了城市生活，于是他愿意生活在乡下。
②To
be
honest，I'm
very
content
with
my
life
at
present.
说实话，我对目前的生活心满意足。
③Martina
contented
herself(her)
with
a
bowl
of
soup.
马丁娜喝了一碗汤就心满意足了。
[图形助记]
so
far
迄今为止
(教材P40)I've
designed
five
or
six
different
cars
so
far.
迄今为止，我已经设计了五六款不同的汽车。
up
to
now＝so
far 到现在为止
as/so
far
as
远到；就……所……；就……而言
far
from
远离，远远不；完全不
by
far
……得多；最
far
away
from
远离
①As
far
as
I
know，she
has
been
abroad.
就我所知，她已经出国了。
②Conditions
are
still
far
from
satisfaction.
条件依然不能令人满意。
③The
last
of
these
reasons
is
by
far
the
most
important.这些理由中最后一条比其他的重要得多。
[名师点津]
so
far在句中用作时间状语，表示从过去某时到“现在”(即说话时)的一段时间，相当于until
now，因此常与现在完成时连用。它在句中的位置较为灵活，既可位于句首，也可位于句末。
take
place
发生
(教材P40)Where
do
these
races
take
place?
这些比赛是在哪儿举行的？
in
place 在恰当的位置
in
place
of
代替
take
the
place
of
取代，代替
take
sb.'s
place
坐某人的座位；代替某人的位置
give
place
to
让位于
①They
put
in
place
the
tools
of
my
new
business.
他们把我干这一新行当所需要的工具安放得井井有条。
②By
and
by
electricity
will
take
the
place
of
coal.
不久以后，电将取代煤。
[名师点津]
take
place为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。类似词语还有：happen，occur，break
out，come
about，turn
out等。
impression
n．印象，感觉
(教材P40)I
want
people
to
have
a
good
impression
of
solar
cars.
我想让人们对太阳能汽车有个好印象。
(1)have/get
a
good/bad/deep
impression
on
对……有好的/坏的/深刻的印象
leave/make
a
good/bad/deep
impression
on
给……留下好的/坏的/深刻的印象
(2)impress
vt.
给……留下印象；印上
impress
sb.with
sth.
使某人铭记某事；用……打动
be
impressed
with...
对……印象深刻
impress
sth.on
sth./sb./one's
mind
把某物印在某物上/使某人铭记某事
(3)impressive
adj.
令人印象深刻的
①We
left/made
the
impression
on
audience
that
we
were
determined
to
win.
我们给观众留下了这样一种印象——我们志在必得。
②He
impressed
her
with
his
honesty.
他的诚实打动了她。
③Our
teacher
impressed
the
importance
of
knowledge
on
us.
老师使我们铭记知识的重要性。
④The
general
is
an
impressive(impress)
man.
这位将军是个令人肃然起敬的人物。
appreciate
v．欣赏，鉴赏；感激，感谢；察觉到，意识到
(教材P41)She'll
appreciate
it.
她会喜欢上它的。
(1)appreciate
doing... 感激……
I
would
appreciate
it
if...
如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation
n.
欣赏；感激，感谢
①I
would
appreciate
your
keeping(keep)
it
a
secret.
要是你能保守秘密，我将感激不尽。
②He
appreciated
it
when
you
telephoned
him.
你给他打电话，他很感激。
[名师点津]
(1)appreciate表示“感谢”时，宾语为物(help，kindness等)；thank的宾语则为人。
(2)appreciate，like，hate，depend
on等后接宾语从句时，需要在从句前加it。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She
is
quite
content
with
her
job
as
a
secretary.
2．The
car
pulled
up
on
the
parking
lot
outside
the
station.
3．You
may
rely
on
it
that
the
work
will
be
finished
ahead
of
time.
4．The
market
is
very
sensitive
to
the
result
of
the
election.
5．The
books，written
(write)
by
Mo
Yan，are
popular
with
many
Chinese
people.
6．I'd
appreciate
it
if
you
will
turn
out
the
light.
7．We
were
impressed
by
the
pianist's
wonderful
execution.
8．So
far
we
have
received(receive)
no
reply
from
them.
9．Studies
show
that
people
are
more
likely
to
suffer(suffer)
from
back
problems
if
they
always
sit
before
computer
screens
for
long
hours.
10．The
enemy
attacked
fiercely(fierce)，but
the
line
held
firm.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I
would
appreciate
if
you
can
help
me
to
solve
the
technical
problem.if前加it
2．The
collision
took
the
place
in
the
busiest
shipping
lanes
in
the
world.去掉第二个the
3．So
far
no
one
admitted
planting
the
bomb.one后加has
4．You
should
not
content
you
with
book
knowledge
only.第二个you改为yourself
5．Some
people's
teeth
are
highly
sensitive
of
cold.of→to
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．The
meeting，attended
by
one
thousand
students，was
a
great
success.
这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。
2．You
should
take
responsibility
for
what
you
said．
你必须为你所说的负责。
3．We
rely
on
them
to
be
careful
in
doing
experiments.
我们相信他们在做实验的时候是非常谨慎的。
4．So
far
50
people
have
died
in
the
fighting．
到现在为止，已有50人在战斗中丧生。
5．I
appreciate
your
giving
me
so
much
of
your
time.
我非常感谢你花这么多时间帮助我。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.People
have
been
worried
about
pollution
caused
by
fuels.2.You've
been
designing
solar
racing
cars
for
a
long
time.3.I've
been
interested
in
cars
since
kindergarten.4.I've
designed
five
or
six
different
cars
so
far.5.I've
been
taking
part
in
races
for
about
four
years.6.Well，so
far
I've
only
written
the
first
few
chapters.
以上六句话都表示过去开始的动作，延续到现在的过程。其中例句1、3、4、6的结构为：have/has＋过去分词，是现在完成时；例句2、5的结构为：have/has＋been＋现在分词，是现在完成进行时。
一、基本用法
1．现在完成时由“have/has＋过去分词”构成。表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响或结果。
2．现在完成进行时由“have/has
been＋现在分词”构成。表示某一动作在过去某一时间发生，一直延续到现在，有可能到此为止，也有可能继续下去。现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者基本特点的时态。
二、区别
1．现在完成时常表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，强调动作已完成；而现在完成进行时强调动作仍然在继续或动作的重复性。
He
has
written
a
letter.
他写了一封信。(已经写好)
He
has
been
writing
a
letter.
他一直在写一封信。(仍在写)
2．现在完成时强调“结果”；而现在完成进行时强调“动作”，有时还含有喜悦、愤怒、不满、厌恶等感彩。
I
have
waited
for
you
for
two
hours.
我已经等了你两个小时。(说明一个结果)
I
have
been
waiting
for
you
for
two
hours.
我一直等了你两个小时。(强调动作的持续性或不满意)
3．不可用于进行时的动词，不能用于现在完成进行时，但却可以用于现在完成时。
I
haven't
been
seeing
him
recently.(×)
I
haven't
seen
him
these
days.(√)
最近我没有见过他。
4．一些表示静态的动词往往用现在完成进行时。这样的静态动词主要有lie，stand，sit，wait等。
She
has
been
lying
in
bed
for
a
week.
她已经卧床一周了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In
order
to
find
the
missing
child，villagers
have
been
doing(do)
all
they
can
over
the
past
five
hours.
2．—Alvin，are
you
coming
with
us?
—I'd
love
to，but
something
unexpected
has
come(come)
up.
3．—I
remember
you
were
a
talented
pianist
at
college.Can
you
play
the
piano
for
me?
—Sorry，I
haven't
played(not，play)
the
piano
for
years.
4．—Look!
Somebody
has
cleaned(clean)
the
sofa.
—Well，it
wasn't
me.I
didn't
do
it.
5．The
manager
has
been
telling(tell)
the
workers
how
to
improve
the
program
since
9
am.
6．Tom
has
been
working(work)
in
the
library
every
night
over
the
last
three
months.
7．In
the
last
few
years
thousands
of
films
have
been
produced(produce)
all
over
the
world.
8．I'm
sure
you
will
do
better
in
the
test
because
you
have
been
studying(study)
so
hard
this
year.
9．His
first
novel
has
received(receive)
good
reviews
since
it
came
out
last
month.
10．It
is
the
most
instructive
lecture
that
I
have
attended(attend)
since
I
came
to
this
school.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I
had
grown
not
only
physically，but
also
mentally
in
the
past
few
years.had→have
2．Lots
of
studies
have
been
shown
that
global
warming
has
already
become
a
very
serious
problem.去掉been
3．The
early
morning
barking
have
been
disturbing
us
as
we
are
often
up
all
night
with
the
baby.have→has
4．Hard
work
have
made
him
very
ill.have→has
5．I
have
been
missing
you
very
much
after
I
went
to
college
a
year
ago.after→since
6．Unfortunately，by
the
time
I
got
back，they
have
finished
the
scene
and
the
actor
couldn't
be
seen
anywhere.have→had
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
9
Wheels
Section
Ⅴ Reading
(Ⅲ)
(Lesson
4
&Communication
Workshop)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.construction
A．adv.无处，任何地方都不
( )2.amount
B．prep.加，加上
( )3.physical
C．n.交叉路口，人行横道
( )4.figure
D．vt.适合
( )5.somehow
E．vt.&n.损害，损失
( )6.whichever
F．n.数字，数目
( )7.suit
G．n.票价，车费
( )8.damage
H．n.数量
( )9.nowhere
I．adj.身体的；物质的
( )10.crossing
J．adv.以某种方式
( )11.plus
K．n.建筑；建筑物
( )12.fare
L．pron.无论哪个
[答案] 1—5 KHIFJ 6—10 LDEAC
11—12 BG
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.I
need
a
vacation.I'm
really
stressed
out.
( )2.I
know
a
lot
of
people
who
are
addicted
to
smoking.
( )3.We
sit
around
a
campfire
at
night.
( )4.After
school，I
had
picked
up
Nick
and
Ted.
( )5.In
conclusion，more
theoretical
and
experimental
research
must
be
conducted.
[答案] 1—5 DEBAC
The
Road
to
Destruction
“This
morning
it
took
me
forty
minutes
to
get
to
work①.More
road
construction
works
on
the
A10！”
“Oh
really?
It
took
me
over
an
hour.There
was
an
accident
on
the
M11.”
“You're
both
lucky.It
took
me
two
hours!
You
don't
have
to
use
the
M25.”
How
often
have
you
heard
these
conversations?
How
often
do
we
get
stuck
in②
traffic
jams(塞车)?
How
often
do
we
arrive
at
work
or
school
stressed
out，tired
and
angry③？
For
many
people
in
Britain，the
answer
is
every
day.But
anger
and
stress
are
nothing
compared
to④
the
real
costs
of
the
motor(发动机)
car.Here
are
some
figures：
·In
the
last
ten
years⑤，the
number
of
cars
on
the
roads
in
Britain
has
gone
up
by
30%.
·There
are
now
25
million
cars
in
this
country.
·Over
three
thousand
people
die
every
year
in
road
accidents
in
Britain.
·In
London，car
engines(发动机，引擎)
produce
99%
of
all
carbon
monoxide(一氧化碳)
in
the
atmosphere.
·Twenty?five
thousand
deaths
per
year
are
caused
by
air
pollution.
·Some
types
of
cancer
are
related
to
traffic
pollution.
·Traffic
is
one
of
the
major
causes
of
global
warming
and
climate
change.The
average
global
temperature
is
about
0.5
degrees
centigrade(摄氏度)
higher
than
it
was
100
years
ago.
毁灭之路
“今天早上，我花了40分钟才到上班的地方。A10公路上多处施工！”“噢，真的吗？我用了一个多小时。M11公路上发生了一起交通事故。”
“你们俩真幸运，我用了两个小时！你们都不用走M25这条路。”
你多久听到一次这些对话？我们有多少次遇到塞车？有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校？对很多在英国的人来说，答案是天天如此。但是比起汽车的实际代价，紧张和恼怒还是微不足道的。这里有一些数据：
·在过去10年中，英国路上行驶的汽车数量上升了30%。
·现在英国有2
500万辆汽车。
·英国每年有3
000多人死于车祸。
·伦敦大气中99%的一氧化碳是汽车发动机排放的。
·每年有25
000人死于空气污染。
·有些类型的癌症和交通污染有关。
·交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一。全球平均温度比100年前高0.5摄氏度。
[助读讲解] ①it
takes/took
sb.some
time
to
do
sth.花费某人……做某事。②get
stuck
in陷入……中，卡住。③stressed
out，tired
and
angry是形容词短语作状语。④compared
to...和……相比。⑤in
the
last
ten
years在过去十年里；一般和现在完成时连用。
We
know
that
cars
are
bad
for
us.So
why
do
we
carry
on
using
our
cars
so
much?
We
all
make
excuses：“The
buses
are
terrible.”
“The
trains
are
always
late！”“I
haven't
got
time
to
walk.”
I'm
talking
about
myself，too.I
admit(承认)：I'm
addicted(沉溺于……的)
to
my
car.When
I
asked
Jenny
Trowe
of
Greenpeace
for
advice
about
how
to
give
up，she
told
me
six
things：
1．Use
your
legs.Over
25%
of
car
journeys
are
under
two
miles—short
journeys
we
could
easily
walk
or
cycle.Leg
power
can
save
you
money，keep
you
fit
and
help
you
live
longer.And
regular
exercise
cuts
the
risk
of
heart
disease
by
50%!
2．Use
public
transport.On
average，about
forty
people
travel
in
one
bus，while
the
same
number
occupy
thirty?three
cars⑥.Sometimes
it
can
take
a
little
bit
longer，but
so
what？You
can
relax
on
the
bus
or
train，read
a
book，talk
to
someone，meet
the
love
of
your
life—who
knows?
3．Think
before
you
go.Do
you
really
have
to
go
to
that
shopping
centre
on
the
other
side
of
town？What
about
the
shops
around
the
corner？Before
you
get
into
your
car，think
about
whether
you
really
need
to
make
that
journey⑦.
4．Share
cars.If
you've
really
got
to
use
a
car，share
journeys
with
someone
else.It
is
much
cheaper
and
kinder
to
the
environment.
5．Don't
believe
advertisements!
Nearly
a
quarter
of
all
the
advertisements
on
TV
are
about
cars.You
see
an
attractive
man
or
woman
driving
a
fast
car
through
beautiful
countryside.⑧It's
not
true!
That
new
car
won't
make
you
more
attractive.And
you
won't
be
driving
on
an
empty
country
road.You'll
be
stuck
in
a
traffic
jam
in
a
city
or
on
a
highway(公路)!
6．Take
action
somehow！We
often
think
there
is
nothing
we
can
do
about
the
noise，pollution
and
danger
of
traffic⑨.There
is.If
your
street's
full
of
heavy
traffic，talk
to
your
neighbours
about
it.Write
to
the
papers.Go
to
the
city
government.Ask
for
a
speed
limit.Ask
for
a
pedestrian
area.Do
whichever
of
these
things
that
suit
you⑩.Don't
just
sit
around
and
complain!
All
quite
simple，isn't
it?
Six
easy
ways
to
improve
our
environment.Well，I'm
sorry
I
must
finish
this
article.I've
got
to
pick
up
my
daughter
from
school
at
four
o'clock.Then
I've
got
to
drive
to
Sainsbury's
to
do
the
shopping.After
that
I
have
to
take
my
son
to
a
party.And
tomorrow
we're
driving
over
to
see
my
mother.The
traffic's
going
to
be
awful，but
what
can
we
do？
(既然)我们知道汽车对我们有害，为什么我们还要继续频繁地使用汽车呢？我们会找出种种借口：“公共汽车让人难以忍受。”“火车总是晚点！”“我没时间步行”。(其实)我也是在说我自己。我承认：我沉迷于汽车难以自拔。我曾向绿色和平组织的珍妮·托沃请教如何放弃(使用汽车)，她给我提了6条建议：
1．步行。25%以上的行车路程不到两英里——这么短的路程步行或骑自行车都很容易到。步行可以省钱，使你保持健康，又有助于长寿。而且定期运动可以使患心脏病的几率降低50%!
2．用公共交通工具。平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。有时乘公共交通工具可能会多花一点时间，但这又有什么关系呢？你可以在公共汽车或火车上休息、读书、和人聊天，遇到你生命中的挚爱——谁知道会发生什么事呢？
3．出发前想一下。你真的需要到城镇另一边的购物中心去吗？到拐角处的那家商店购物如何？上车前，考虑一下你是否真的需要走那一趟。
4．共用汽车。如果你真的需要开车，和别人开一辆车去。这样更便宜，更有益于环境。
5．不要相信广告！几乎1/4的电视广告是有关汽车的。你看见一位俊男或靓女开车疾驰在风景秀丽的乡间，这并不真实！那辆新车不会使你更具吸引力。你也不会在空旷的乡间路上开车。你将被困于城市中或公路上堵塞的交通中！
6．设法采取行动！我们常常认为自己对交通产生的噪音、污染和危险无能为力。其实不然。如果你居住的街道交通繁忙，你可以和邻居谈谈，给报纸写封信，去市政府(申诉)，请求限速，申请划出步行区。做这些事中任何适合你的。不要只是坐在那里抱怨！
这些办法都很简单，不是吗？(这是)6种简单易行的改善我们的环境的方法。噢，遗憾的是，我必须停笔了。我4点钟得去学校接女儿，然后开车去塞恩斯伯里购物，接着还得送儿子去参加聚会。明天我们要开车去看望我的母亲。交通肯定会很糟，但又有什么办法呢？
[助读讲解] ⑥while为并列连词，表示“而，然而”。⑦whether引导宾语从句，作about的宾语。⑧现在分词driving...作宾语补足语。此处是see
sb.doing
sth.结构。⑨此处是定语从句，修饰先行词nothing，省略了关系代词。⑩whichever引导宾语从句；从句中that
suit
you作定语。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P42－43教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Over
75%
of
car
journeys
are
under
two
miles.( )
2．Regular
exercise
cuts
the
risk
of
heart
disease
by
50%.( )
3．The
people
make
excuses
because
they
want
to
continue
using
their
cars.( )
4．The
car
adverts
present
a
true
picture
of
driving
cars.( )
5．From
the
article
we
can
see
that
the
author
cannot
do
without
a
car.( )
[答案] 1－5 FTTFT
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P42－43教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．We
can
infer
from
the
passage
that
．
A．the
number
of
cars
on
the
roads
in
London
has
risen
by
30%
in
the
past
10
years
B．more
than
8
people
die
every
day
in
road
accidents
in
Britain
C．there
are
25
million
cars
in
London
D．twenty?five
thousand
deaths
are
caused
by
pollution
every
year
2．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
the
advantage
of
using
your
legs?
A．It
can
keep
you
fit.
B．It
can
save
you
money.
C．It
can
save
you
time.
D．It
can
help
you
live
longer.
3．Jenny
Trowe
thinks
the
car
advertisements
on
TV
are
．
A．interesting
B．attractive
C．untrue
D．reliable
4．What
can
you
do
to
deal
with
the
pollution
and
danger
of
traffic?
A．Complain
to
your
neighbours.
B．Write
to
your
neighbours.
C．Ask
the
government
for
a
speed
limit.
D．Forbid
others
to
use
cars.
[答案] 1－4 BCCC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P42－43教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Take
1.action(active)
somehow!
We
often
think
there
is
nothing
we
can
do
about
the
noise，2.pollution(pollute)
and
danger
of
traffic.There
is.If
your
street's
full
3.of
heavy
traffic，talk
to
your
neighbours
about
it.Write
to
the
papers.Go
to
the
city
government.Ask
for
4.a
speed
limit.Ask
for
a
pedestrian
area.Do
5.whichever(which)
of
these
things
that
suit
you.Don't
just
sit
around
and
complain!
All
quite
simple，isn't
it?
Well，I'm
sorry
I
must
finish
this
article.I've
got
to
pick
6.up
my
daughter
from
school
7.at
four
o'clock.Then
I've
got
to
drive
to
Sainsbury's
to
do
the
8.shopping(shop)．After
9.that
I
have
to
take
my
son
to
a
party.And
tomorrow
we're
driving
over
10.to
see(see)
my
mother.The
traffic's
going
to
be
awful，but
what
can
we
do?
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
9
Wheels
Section
Ⅶ Writing——图表类调查报告
图表类作文要求学生通过图表中的数据和提示内容写一篇短文。
写作时要注意以下三个方面：
1．认真读图表，明确图表所体现的信息。
2．学会看数据、看趋势、找规律，从整体上看图表各数据之间有何不同、有何变化，找出特点、规律。
3．合理、科学地使用图表中的信息，使文章“由图而发，由表而来”，有理有据。
1．We
have
made
a
survey
about...
我们做了一个关于……的调查。
2．In
order
to
work
out/find
out/...we
made
a
survey...为了查明……我们做了一个调查。
3．The
survey
we
made
recently
shows
that...
我们最近做的调查表明……
4．Recently
we
have
conducted
a
survey...
最近我们做了一个调查……
5．We
can
see
from
the
graph
that...
从示意图我们可以看出……
6．As
can
be
seen
from
the
chart...
从图表我们可以看出……
7．As
far
as
I
am
concerned，I
hold
the
point
of
view
that...依我看来，我坚持的观点是……
8．We
can
make
a
conclusion
that...
我们可以得出一个结论……
[满分佳作构建]
下面是某高中对150名高三学生睡眠时间不足及其原因所做调查的结果。请根据图1提供的信息描述高三学生的睡眠情况，并针对图2中任何一个数据所反映的情况分析原因，并提出你的看法。
参考词汇：图表chart
高三学生每天的睡眠情况
图1
高三学生睡眠不足的原因所占比例
图2
体裁
调查报告
时态
一般现在时为主
主题
高三学生睡眠情况
人称
第一人称为主
结构
首段：分析图片；第二段：发表自己的看法。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．make
a
survey
做调查
2．have
enough
sleep
有足够睡眠
3．stay
up
late
studying
hard
熬夜学习
4．feel
more
refreshed
感到更清醒
5．make
the
best
of
daytime
充分利用白天时间
6．in
an
effective
way
用更有效的方式
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．We
have
made
a
survey
recently
about
how
much
time
Senior
3
students
can
sleep
every
day
among
150
students
in
a
senior
high
school.
我们对一所高中的150名高三学生进行了关于每天能睡眠多长时间的调查。
2．I
think
we
should
sleep
well
at
night
and
wake
up
feeling
more
refreshed．
我认为我们晚上应该睡好，醒来感到更精神。
(二)句式升级
3．The
result
shows
that
sixty?two
percent
of
the
students
sleep
for
just
less
than
seven
hours
each
day.Thirty?seven
percent
of
them
can
sleep
for
seven
to
eight
hours.(用适当的连词合并句子)
The
result
shows
that
sixty?two
percent
of
the
students
sleep
for
just
less
than
seven
hours
each
day，while
thirty?seven
percent
of
them
can
sleep
for
seven
to
eight
hours.
4．We
can
learn
the
reason.Most
Senior
3
students
don't
have
enough
sleep
for
the
reason.(用定语从句合并句子)
We
can
learn
the
reason
why
most
Senior
3
students
don't
have
enough
sleep.
【参考范文】
We
have
made
a
survey
recently
about
how
much
time
Senior
3
students
can
sleep
every
day
among
150
students
in
a
senior
high
school.It
shows
that
sixty?two
percent
of
the
students
sleep
for
less
than
seven
hours
each
day，while
thirty?seven
percent
of
them
can
sleep
for
seven
to
eight
hours.However，only
one
percent
over
eight
hours.We
can
conclude
most
of
Senior
3
students
don't
have
enough
sleep.
From
the
chart，we
learn
the
reasons.One
is
that
thirty?five
percent
of
the
students
stay
up
late
studying
hard.I
think
we
should
sleep
well
at
night
and
wake
up
feeling
more
refreshed.So
we
can
make
the
best
of
daytime
and
study
better.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
9
Wheels
【导读】 《一个干净明亮的地方》是海明威的早期作品，是一部典型的虚无主义小说，具有典型的海明威风格：文章以虚无思想为主题并大量使用简洁句。
A
Clean，Well?lighted
Place(excerpt)
It
was
very
late
and
everyone
had
left
the
cafe
except
an
old
man
who
sat
in
the
shadow
the
leaves
of
the
tree
made
against
the
electric
light.In
the
day
time
the
street
was
dusty，but
at
night
the
dew
settled
the
dust
and
the
old
man
liked
to
sit
late
because
he
was
deaf
and
now
at
night
it
was
quiet
and
he
felt
the
difference.The
two
waiters
inside
the
cafe
knew
that
the
old
man
was
a
little
drunk，and
while
he
was
a
good
client
they
knew
that
if
he
became
too
drunk
he
would
leave
without
paying，so
they
kept
watch
on
him.
“Last
week
he
tried
to
commit
suicide，”
one
waiter
said.
“Why？”
“He
was
in
despair.”
“What
about？”
“Nothing.”
“How
do
you
know
it
was
nothing？”
“He
has
plenty
of
money.”
They
sat
together
at
a
table
that
was
close
against
the
wall
near
the
door
of
the
cafe
and
looked
at
the
terrace
where
the
tables
were
all
empty
except
where
the
old
man
sat
in
the
shadow
of
the
leaves
of
the
tree
that
moved
slightly
in
the
wind.A
girl
and
a
soldier
went
by
in
the
street.The
street
light
shone
on
the
brass
number
on
his
collar.The
girl
wore
no
head
covering
and
hurried
beside
him.
“The
guard
will
pick
him
up，”one
waiter
said.
“What
does
it
matter
if
he
gets
what
he's
after？”
“He
had
better
get
off
the
street
now.The
guard
will
get
him.They
went
by
five
minutes
ago.”
The
old
man
sitting
in
the
shadow
rapped
on
his
saucer
with
his
glass.The
younger
waiter
went
over
to
him.
“What
do
you
want？”
The
old
man
looked
at
him.“Another
brandy，”
he
said.
“You'll
be
drunk，”
the
waiter
said.The
old
man
looked
at
him.The
waiter
went
away.
“He'll
stay
all
night，”
he
said
to
his
colleague.
“I'm
sleepy
now.I
never
get
into
bed
before
three
o'clock.He
should
have
killed
himself
last
week.”
The
waiter
took
the
brandy
bottle
and
another
saucer
from
the
counter
inside
the
cafe
and
marched
out
to
the
old
man's
table.He
put
down
the
saucer
and
poured
the
glass
full
of
brandy.
“You
should
have
killed
yourself
last
week，”he
said
to
the
deaf
man.The
old
man
motioned
with
his
finger.“A
little
more，”he
said.The
waiter
poured
on
into
the
glass
so
that
the
brandy
slopped
over
and
ran
down
the
stem
into
the
top
saucer
of
the
pile.“Thank
you，”
the
old
man
said.The
waiter
took
the
bottle
back
inside
the
cafe.He
sat
down
at
the
table
with
his
colleague
again.
“He's
drunk
now，”
he
said.
“He's
drunk
every
night.”
“What
did
he
want
to
kill
himself
for？”
“How
should
I
know.”
“How
did
he
do
it？”
“He
hung
himself
with
a
rope.”
“Who
cut
him
down？”
“His
niece.”
“Why
did
they
do
it？”
“Fear
for
his
soul.”
“How
much
money
has
he
got？”
“He's
got
plenty.”
“He
must
be
eighty
years
old.”
“Anyway
I
should
say
he
was
eighty.”
“I
wish
he
would
go
home.I
never
get
to
bed
before
three
o'clock.What
kind
of
hour
is
that
to
go
to
bed？”
“He
stays
up
because
he
likes
it.”
一个干净明亮的地方(节选)
时间很晚了，大家都离开餐馆，只有一个老人还坐在树叶挡住灯光的阴影里。白天，街上尽是尘埃，到了晚上，露水压住了尘埃。这个老人喜欢坐得很晚，因为他是个聋子，现在是夜里，十分寂静，他感觉得到跟白天的不同。待在餐馆里的两个侍者知道这老人有点儿醉了，他虽然是个好主顾，可是，他们知道，如果他喝得太醉了，他会不付账就走，所以他们一直在留神他。
“上个星期他想自杀，”一个侍者说。
“为什么？”
“他绝望啦。”
“干嘛绝望？”
“没事儿。”
“你怎么知道是没事儿？”
“他有很多钱。”
他们一起坐在紧靠着餐馆大门墙边的桌旁，眼睛望着平台，那儿的桌子全都空无一人，只有那个老人坐在随风轻轻飘拂的树叶的阴影里。有个少女和一个大兵走过大街。街灯照在他那领章的铜号码上。那个少女没戴帽子，在他身旁匆匆走着。
“警卫队会把他逮走，”一个侍者说。
“如果他到手了他要找的东西，那又有什么关系呢？”
“他这会儿还是从街上溜走为好。警卫队会找他麻烦，他们五分钟前才经过这里。”
那老人坐在阴影里，用杯子敲敲茶托。那个年纪比较小的侍者走到他那儿。
“你要什么？”
老人朝他看了看。
“再来杯白兰地，”他说。
“你会喝醉的，”侍者说。老人朝他看了一看。侍者走开了。
“他会通宵待在这里，”他对他的同事说。
“我困了。我从来没有在三点钟以前睡觉过。他应该在上星期就自杀了。”
侍者从餐馆里的柜台上拿了一瓶白兰地和另一个茶托，大步走了出来，送到老人桌上。他放下茶托，把杯子倒满了白兰地。
“你应该在上星期就自杀了，”他对那个聋子说。老人把手指一晃。
“再加一点，”他说。侍者又往杯子里倒酒，酒溢了出来，顺着高脚杯的脚流进了一叠茶托的第一只茶托。“谢谢你，”老人说。侍者把酒瓶拿回到餐馆去。他又同他的同事坐在桌旁。
“他这会儿喝醉了，”他说。
“他每天晚上都喝醉。”
“他干嘛要自杀呀？”
“我怎么知道。”
“他上次是怎样自杀的？”
“他用绳子上吊。”
“谁把他放下来的？”
“他侄女。”
“干嘛要把他放下来？”
“为他的灵魂担忧。”
“他有多少钱？”
“他有很多钱。”
“他准有八十岁喽。”
“不管怎样，我算准他有八十岁。”
“我真希望他回家去。我从来没有在三点钟以前睡觉过。那是个什么样的睡觉时间呀？”
“他因为不喜欢睡觉所以才不睡觉。”
“他孤孤单单。我可不孤单。我有个老婆在床上等着我呢。”
“他从前也有过老婆。”
“这会儿有老婆对他可没好处。”
“话可不能这么说。他有老婆也许会好些。” “He's
lonely.I'm
not
lonely.I
have
a
wife
waiting
in
bed
for
me.”
“He
had
a
wife
once
too.”
“A
wife
would
be
no
good
to
him
now.”
“You
can't
tell.He
might
be
better
with
a
wife.”
“His
niece
looks
after
him.You
said
she
cut
him
down.”
“I
know.”
“I
wouldn't
want
to
be
that
old.An
old
man
is
a
nasty
thing.”
“Not
always.This
old
man
is
clean.He
drinks
without
spilling.Even
now，drunk.Look
at
him.”
“I
don't
want
to
look
at
him.I
wish
he
would
go
home.He
has
no
regard
for
those
who
must
work.”
The
old
man
looked
from
his
glass
across
the
square，then
over
at
the
waiters.
“Another
brandy，”
he
said，pointing
to
his
glass.The
waiter
who
was
in
a
hurry
came
over.
“Finished，”he
said，speaking
with
that
omission
of
syntax
stupid
people
employ
when
talking
to
drunken
people
or
foreigners.“No
more
tonight.Close
now.”
“Another.”said
the
old
man.
“No.Finished.”The
waiter
wiped
the
edge
of
the
table
with
a
towel
and
shook
his
head.
The
old
man
stood
up，slowly
counted
the
saucers，took
a
leather
coin
purse
from
his
pocket
and
paid
for
the
drinks，leaving
half
a
peseta
tip.
The
waiter
watched
him
go
down
the
street，a
very
old
man
walking
unsteadily
but
with
dignity.
“他侄女会照料他。你刚才说是她把他放下来的。”
“我知道。”
“我才不要活得那么老。老人邋里邋遢。”
“不一定都是这样。这个老人干干净净。他喝啤酒并不滴滴答答往外漏。哪怕这会儿喝醉了。你瞧他。”
“我才不想瞧他。我希望他回家去。他并不关心那些非干活不可的人。”
那老人从酒杯上抬起头来望望广场，又望望那两个侍者。
“再来杯白兰地，”他指着杯子说。那个着急的侍者跑了过去。
“没啦，”他不顾什么句法地说，蠢汉在对醉汉或外国人说话时就这么说法。“今晚上没啦。打烊啦。”
“再来一杯，”那老人说。
“不，没啦，”侍者一边拿块毛巾揩揩桌沿，一边摇摇头。
老人站了起来，慢慢地数着茶托，从口袋里摸出一只装硬币的皮夹子来，付了酒账，又放下半个比塞塔作小费。
那个侍者瞅着他顺着大街走去，这个年纪很大的人走起路来，虽然脚步不挺稳，却很有神气。
[知识积累]
1．keep
watch
on
注意
2．in
despair
绝望地
3．march
out
to
出发去……
4．have
no
regard
for
不尊重；不重视
[文化链接]
《一个干净明亮的地方》内容概要
这篇小说所描述的是一位老人和两位侍者的故事，其中老人这一人物形象看似微不足道，但从他自杀和饮酒的两个选择行为来分析，他是个展现了重压之下的优雅风度和精神不败的尊严感的海明威式主人公。两位侍者之间的对话引出了“虚无”这一主题，表明“虚无是对存在的体验，人类只有在内心保持一片干净明亮的地方才能抵御虚无。”
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
9
Wheels
Section
Ⅵ Language
Points(Ⅲ)(Lesson
4，Communication
Workshop，Culture
Corner
&Bulletin
Board)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Enemy
troops
occupied(占领)
the
country.
2．He
managed
to
pass
all
his
exams
somehow(以某种方式)．
3．By
2012，this
figure(数字)
has
risen
to
14
million.
4．When
walking
in
the
street，we
should
walk
on
the
pavement(人行道)．
5．I
saw
his
white
car
rolling
alone
the
highway(公路)．
6．Bill
was
doing
a
lot
of
physical
exercise
to
build
up
his
strength.
7．The
color
of
the
hair
suits
your
skin.
8．Every
time
I
try
to
start
the
engine，there's
a
strange
knocking
sound.
9．The
damage
the
storm
caused
was
beyond
repair.
10．There
are
frequent
contacts
between
the
peoples
of
the
two
countries.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．admit
vt.承认，供认→admission
n．承认；入场费
2．addict
vt.使沉溺，使上瘾→addicted
adj.沉溺于……的→addiction
n．沉溺；上瘾
3．occupy
vt.占用(空间、面积、时间等)
→occupation
n．职业；占用
4．frequent
adj.时常发生的→frequently
adv.频繁地，经常地→frequency
n．频率；频繁
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．go
up
上升
2．be
compared
with
与……相比
3．stressed
out
焦虑不安；心力憔悴
4．pick
up
捡起；开车接人
5．be
addicted
to
对……上瘾
6．sit
around
坐在周围
7．have
an
effect
on
对……有影响
8．get
stuck
in
陷入……中，困在……中
9．base...on
以……为根据地；把……的基础建立在
10．close
down
关闭
11．afford
to
支付得起；担负得起
12．in
conclusion
总之，最后
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．In
conclusion，I
sincerely
wish
this
forum
full
success!
2．If
you
get
stuck
in
the
elevator，use
the
intercom
to
contact
someone
outside
and
wait
for
rescue.
3．How
many
companies
will
close
down?
4．I
am
sure
that
it
will
have
an
effect
on
our
natural
environment.
5．I
went
through
about
four
years
of
being
addicted
to
video
games.
adj.＋?cy→n.
v.＋around
→动词短语
accuracy 精确度，准确性adequacy
足够；适当；妥善性efficiency
效率；效能；功效
bring
around 使苏醒；带某人串门come
around
苏醒；顺便
来访；被别人说服get
around
规避；说服；争
取；花时间和精力去做
1．How
often
do
we
arrive
at
work
or
school
stressed
out，tired
and
angry?
有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校？
[记句式结构]形容词作状语
[仿写促落实]他又冷又饿地上床睡了。
He
went
to
bed
cold
and
hungry．
2．Sometimes
it
can
take
a
little
bit
longer，but
so
what?
有时乘公共交通工具可能会多花一点时间，但这又有什么关系呢？
[记句式结构]So
what?
[仿写促落实]——她会尽可能快地搬出去住。
——那又怎样？
—She'll
move
out
as
soon
as
she
can.
—So
what?
3．Before
1908，when
Ford's
cars
became
available
to
the
public，it
was
only
the
very
rich
who
could
afford
to
own
a
car.
1908年福特汽车问世以前，只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。
[记句式结构]强调句
[仿写促落实]在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗？
Was
it
your
brother
that
you
met
in
the
street?
4．You
can
design
your
ideal
cars
and
post
them
on
the
Bulletin
Board，if
possible，with
drawings
too.
你可以设计你理想中的汽车并将它们张贴在布告牌上，如果可能的话，也可带有图片。
[记句式结构]省略句
[仿写促落实]如果叫他来，他就来。
He
will
come
if
asked.
amount
n．数量
vt.&
vi.合计；总计
(教材P42)Amount
of
TV
advertising
电视广告的数量
a
certain/fair
amount
of 相当多的
in
large/small
amount 大量地/少量地
①A
large
amount
of
money
has
been
spent(spend)
on
this
project
so
far.
到目前为止，在这个工程上已经耗费了大量资金。
②Large
amounts
of
food
and
medicine
have
been
sent(send)
to
the
earthquake?hit
areas.
大量的食物和药品被送往地震灾区。
[名师点津]
(1)amount构成的短语“大量的”修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词取决于amount的单复数。
(2)amount指“量”，与不可数名词连用；number指“数”，与可数名词连用。
figure
n．数字；身材；人物；图画
vt.计算；估计；想出
(教材P42)Here
are
some
figures：
这里有一些数据：
写出下列句子中figure的含义
①These
figures
indicate
why
the
Negroes
live
in
such
deep
poverty.数字
②She
had
an
excellent
figure
and
walked
with
an
air.身材
③Mclean
had
become
a
figure
known
to
everyone
so
far.人物
④Figure
the
situation
for
yourself.What
could
I
do？想象
figure
out 计算出；想出；理解
figure
on
指望；打算
figure
that...
认为……
⑤Have
you
figured
out
how
much
the
trip
will
cost?
旅行要花多少费用你算出来没有？
⑥He
figured
on
some
help
from
his
brother.
他指望从他哥哥那里得到些帮助。
go
up(价格、气温等)上升，增加；升起；被兴建
(教材P42)In
the
last
ten
years，the
number
of
cars
on
the
roads
in
Britain
has
gone
up
by
30%.
在过去10年中，英国路上行驶的汽车数量上升了30%。
go
by 经过，过去
go
over
复习，检查
go
with
与……搭配
go
in
for
对……感兴趣，喜欢
go
down
下降，下落
go
against
反对，对着，违背
go
through 浏览，翻阅
go
after
追赶，追求
①He
would
not
go
against
his
parent's
wishes.
他不会违背父母的意愿。
②We
are
both
going
after
the
same
job.
我们俩在谋求同一份工作。
③I
always
start
the
day
by
going
through
my
mail.
我总是每天一早就查阅我的邮件。
(教材P43)I
admit：I'm
addicted
to
my
car.
我承认：我沉迷于汽车难以自拔。
(1)admit
vt.承认，供认；容纳；接受
(1)admit(that) 承认……
admit
doing
sth./to
sth.
承认做过……
admit
sb.to/into
允许某人进入……；被……录取
(2)admission
n.
承认，供认；允许进入/加入；入场费
①You
may
not
like
her，but
you
have
to
admit
that
she
is
good
at
her
work.
你可能不喜欢她，但你得承认她工作很出色。
②China
was
admitted
to/into
the
WTO
in
December
11，2001.
中国于2001年12月11日加入世贸组织。
③I
admitted
breaking/having
broken(break)the
window.
我承认打破了窗户。
(2)addicted
adj.沉溺于……的
(1)be/get/become
addicted
to 沉溺于……；对……上瘾(to为介词)
(2)addict
vt.
使沉溺；使入迷；使上瘾
n.
瘾君子；对……入迷的人
addict
oneself
to 沉溺于……(to为介词)
(3)addictive
adj.
上瘾的
addiction
n.
吸毒成瘾，沉溺
①Many
stars
are
addicted
to
drugs，and
can't
give
up.
许多明星沉溺于毒品而无法戒掉。
②The
young
man
addicted
himself(him)
to
alcohol
after
the
failure
of
his
marriage.
自从婚姻失败后，那个年轻人沉溺于酒精难以自拔。
occupy
vt.占领，占据；占用(时间、空间、面积等)；使忙于；(使)全神贯注
(教材P43)On
average，about
forty
people
travel
in
one
bus，while
the
same
number
occupy
thirty?three
cars.
平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。
(1)occupy
oneself
with/in
sth. 使自己忙于某事
(2)occupied
adj.
(人)无暇的；忙碌的；
(物)在使用中；已占用；不空闲
be
occupied
with
sth./in
doing
sth.
忙于(做)某事
(3)occupation
n.
职业
①A
teacher
should
occupy
himself
with
education
as
well
as
with
teaching.
教师不仅要专心于教书还要育人。
②Occupied
(occupy)
in
looking
after
three
children
at
home，she
no
longer
has
time
to
enjoy
the
various
activities
in
the
club.
忙于在家照顾三个孩子，她再也无暇去俱乐部进行娱乐活动。
③Please
fill
in
the
form
stating
your
occupation(occupy)．
请在表格中填入你的职业。
suit
vt.适合
(教材P43)Do
whichever
of
these
things
that
suit
you.
做这些事中任何适合你的。
(1)suit
sth.to
sb./sth. 使某物适合某物(人)
be
suited
to/for 适合于……，适宜于……
suit
one's
needs 适合某人需要
a
suit
of
clothes 一套衣服
(2)suitable
adj.
合适的，适宜的
be
suitable
for/to 适合于……
①Her
speech
was
well
suited
to
the
occasion.
她的讲话在这个场合十分得体。
②The
house
is
not
really
suitable
for
a
large
family.
这个房子真的不适合一个大家庭。
base
n．底部；基地
vt.以……作基础
(教材P46)Some
of
the
car
companies，like
Cadillac，based
their
designs
on
airplanes.
有些汽车公司，如凯迪拉克，是以飞机为蓝本设计汽车的。
be
based
on 以……为基础
base...on 以……为根据地；把……的基础建立在
base...in 把……作为……的据点/总部
①He
bases
his
designs
on
Roman
mosaics.
他以罗马镶嵌画作为自己设计的基础。
②Our
parent
company
is
based(base)
in
Osaka.
我们的公司总部设在奥萨卡。
(教材P42)How
often
do
we
arrive
at
work
or
school
stressed
out，tired
and
angry?
有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校？
【要点提炼】
句中stressed
out，tired
and
angry作状语，用来说明主语we的状态。tired为过去分词形式的形容词。
形容词在句中作状语，其功能在于说明主语的特征或状态。可以作伴随、原因、让步状语。
①Afraid
of
being
caught，the
thief
hid
himself
in
the
corner.
由于害怕被抓住，这个小偷藏在角落里。(表原因)
②Ripe，these
apples
are
very
sweet.
熟了时，这些苹果是很甜的。(表时间)
③The
rabbit
turned
over，dead.
这只兔子翻了个身，死了。(表结果)
④Hopeless(hope)，we
watched
half
a
year's
food
destroyed
before
us.
我们毫无办法，眼睁睁地看着半年的粮食在我们面前毁掉了。(表伴随)
(教材P46)Before
1908，when
Ford's
cars
became
available
to
the
public，it
was
only
the
very
rich
who
could
afford
to
own
a
car.
1908年福特汽车问世以前，只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。
【要点提炼】 句中的it
was...who...是强调句型，强调only
the
very
rich。
强调句型是用来对句中某一成分加以强调的，其一般句型为“It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”。
需要注意的几点是：
(1)强调句和其他句型最明显的区别是：强调句的判断标志是去掉it
is/was和that，适当调整后仍然是个完整的句子。
(2)此句型不可强调谓语动词，如要强调谓语动词，可在动词前加do，does或did。
(3)not...until...的强调句式是：It
is/was
not
until...that＋其他成分。
(4)该句型可以强调because引导的原因状语从句，但不能强调由as，since等引导的原因状语从句。
(5)如果强调的是主语或宾语且是指人时，则可用who或that；如果被强调的部分是其他成分时，须用that。
①It
was
yesterday
that
we
had
an
English
examination.
是在昨天我们进行的英语测试。
②It
was
with
the
help
of
the
local
guide
that
the
mountain
climber
was
rescued.
是在当地向导的帮助下，登山者才被营救出来。
③It
was
not
until
I
came
here
that
I
realised
this
place
was
famous
for
not
only
its
beauty
but
also
its
weather.
直到我来到这儿才意识到，这个地方不仅以它的美丽而且以它的天气出名。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
admitted
cheating(cheat)
in
the
exam.
2．As
is
reported，unemployment
has
gone
up
again
since
2013.
3．Large
amounts
of
relief
material
were
conveyed(convey)
to
the
flood
area.
4．Compared(compare)
with
a
quite
ordinary
star，like
the
sun，the
earth
is
small
indeed.
5．They
wanted
to
figure
out
what
made
the
difference.
6．Now
many
kids
are
addicted
to
playing(play)
computer
games.
7．On
average，12
newborns
will
be
given
to
the
wrong
parents
daily.
8．Why
are
you
interested
in
this
occupation(occupy)?
9．The
recommendations
that
they
present
are
suitable
for
every
place.
10．After
the
long
journey，three
of
them
went
back
home，tired(tiring)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Comparing
with
the
old
ones，it
is
much
better.Comparing→Compared
2．She's
fully
occupied
in
look
after
three
small
children.look→looking
3．He
admitted
took
the
money
but
promised
never
to
do
it
again.took→taking
4．Don't
addict
you
to
such
foolish
things
any
longer.you→yourself
5．The
dress
is
large
for
me.In
other
words，it
doesn't
suit
me.suit→fit
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He
returned
from
war，safe
and
sound．
他安然无恙地从战争中归来。
2．Is
it
because
he
is
ill
that
he
can't
come?
是因为生病他才没有来吗？
3．Compared
with
many
people，she
is
lucky
indeed.
和许多人比起来她确实是很幸运的。
4．He
admitted
having
done
wrong．
他承认做错了。
5．He
was
occupied
in
writing
letters．
他忙着写信。
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