Unit
4
Law
and
order
随着垃圾邮件的泛滥，利用法律来保护网络用户的呼声越来越高了。
Stop
Spam!
When
I
first
got
an
e?mail
account
ten
years
ago，I
received
communications
only
from
family，friends，and
colleagues.Now
it
seems
that
every
time
I
check
my
e?mail，I
have
an
endless
series
of
advertisements
and
other
correspondence
that
do
not
interest
me
at
all.If
we
want
e?mail
to
continue
to
be
useful，we
need
specific
laws
that
make
spamming(发送垃圾邮件)a
crime.
If
lawmakers
do
not
do
something
soon
to
prohibit
spam，the
problem
will
certainly
get
much
worse.Computer
programs
allow
spammers
to
send
hundreds
of
millions
of
e?mails
almost
instantly.As
more
and
more
advertisers
turn
to
spam
to
sell
their
products，individual(个人的)e?mail
boxes
are
often
flooded
with
spam
e?mails.Would
people
continue
to
use
e?mail
if
they
had
to
deal
with
an
annoying
amount
of
spam
each
time?
This
problem
is
troubling
for
individuals
and
companies
as
well.Many
spam
e?mails
contain
computer
viruses
that
can
shut
down
the
entire
network
of
a
company.Companies
rely
on
e?mail
for
their
employees
to
communicate
with
each
other.Spam
frequently
causes
failures
in
their
local
communications
networks，and
their
employees
are
thus
unable
to
communicate
effectively.Such
a
situation
results
in
a
loss
of
productivity
and
requires
companies
to
repeatedly
repair
their
networks.These
computer
problems
raise
production
costs
of
companies，which
are，in
the
end，passed
on
to
the
consumer.
For
these
reasons，I
believe
that
lawmakers
need
to
legislate(立法)
against
spam.Spammers
should
be
fined，and
perhaps
sent
to
prison
if
they
continue
to
disturb
people.E?mail
is
a
tool
which
helps
people
all
over
the
world
to
communicate
conveniently，but
spam
is
destroying
this
convenience.
[诱思导读]
1．What
does
the
underlined
word
“correspondence”in
Paragraph
1
probably
mean?
2．According
to
the
text，what
is
the
major
cause
of
the
flooding
spam?
【答案】 1.Messages. 2.More
advertisers
begin
to
promote
sales
through
spam.
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．delete
A．to
make
a
judgement
about
the
nature
or
quality
of
sb./sth.
2．assess
B．to
remove
sth.that
has
been
written
or
printed
3．ripe
C．a
rough
written
version
of
sth.that
is
not
yet
in
its
final
form
4．firm
D．a
business
or
company
5．leak
E．to
allow
liquid
or
gas
to
get
inor
out
through
a
small
hole
or
crack
6．suspect
F．to
try
to
reach
an
agreement
by
formal
discussion
7．draft
G．fully
grown
and
ready
to
be
eaten
8．negotiate
H．to
have
an
idea
that
sth.is
probably
true
or
likely
to
happen，especially
sth.bad，but
without
having
definite
proof
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.G 4.D 5.E 6.H 7.C 8.F
Ⅱ.短语填空
as
well；relate
to；in
the
end；break
into；keep
up
with；
refer
to；prevent...from；in
addition
1．We
are
going
to
take
part
in
the
party
tonight，why
don't
you
come
？
2．Lung
cancer
is
often
smoking.
3．
，he
overcame
all
the
difficulty
he
met
with.
4．Work
harder，and
you'll
your
classmates.
5．He
found
his
house
when
he
got
home
yesterday.
6．The
heavy
rain
him
going
to
the
cinema.
【答案】 1.as
well 2.related
to 3.In
the
end
4．catch
up
with 5.broken
into 6.prevented；from
Ⅲ.背诵下列教材中出现的句型，体会黑体部分的用法
1．A
survey
conducted
in
2010
by
the
Computer
Security
Institute，a
private
organization
in
the
USA，showed
that
45.6
per
cent
of
the
351
biggest
companies
and
government
agencies
had
had
their
security
systems
broken
into
in
the
previous
year.
一项由美国私人组织“计算机安全协会”在2010年进行的调查表明，351家最大的公司和政府机构中，45.6%的安全系统在前一年遭到入侵。
2．Considering
how
bad
the
situation
with
cybercrime
against
companies
has
become，many
people
wonder
why
so
little
is
known
about
this.
考虑到针对公司的网络犯罪的情况很恶劣，许多人质疑为什么我们对于这些犯罪知之甚少。
3．The
only
answer
to
this
problem
is
international
cooperation.
这个问题唯一的答案就是国际合作。
Ⅰ.从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Which
of
the
following
is
right?
A．Cybercriminals
are
more
interested
in
getting
money
from
large
companies.
B．Fraud
against
individuals
is
more
serious.
C．Receiving
e?mails
promising
money
or
cheques
shows
that
you're
lucky.
2．Which
one
of
the
measures
will
NOT
be
taken
to
prevent
online
crimes?
A．Educating
people
who
use
computers.
B．Seeking
international
cooperation.
C．Preventing
people
from
using
the
Internet.
3．Little
is
known
about
cybercrime
because
.
A．the
situation
is
really
too
bad
B．many
companies
are
unwilling
to
report
the
cases
C．they
fear
they
will
lose
customers
【答案】 1.A 2.C 3.B
Ⅱ.完成下列表格
Fight
against
cybercrime
Four
1.
of
cybercrime
Cybercrime
refers
to
any
2.
related
to
the
Internet.It
was
3.
four
categories.1.It
means
crimes
related
to
a
lack
of
proper
Internet
security
and
spreading
computer
viruses.2.It
refers
to
crimes
that
can
be
committed
with
or
without
a
computer.3.It
is
some
websites
with
offensive
content
or
encouraging
4.
.4.It
means
those
offence
relating
to
breaking
intellectual
property
and
copyright
laws.
The
5.
of
cybercrime
All
Internet
users
are
affected
by
Cybercrime
directly
or
indirectly.Some
people's
money
is
stolen
by
6.
.Worse
still，many
large
companies
are
faced
with
a
bigger
problem.Hundreds
of
billions
of
dollars
was
lost
every
year
because
of
cybercrime.
The
reasonsof
cybercrime
1.Many
companies
fear
they
will
7.
if
they
report
the
cases
of
cybercrime.2．Cybercrime
is
so
new
that
many
governments
have
not
yet
passed
laws
against
it.3．Most
countries
don't
have
arrangements
for
dealing
with
8.
from
other
countries
who
may
have
committed
cybercrime.
The
solution
to
cybercrime
The
only
solution
to
this
problem
is
9.
.In
addition，it
is
very
important
to
draft
new
laws
and
10.
international
standard
for
fighting
cybercrime.
【答案】 1.categories 2.criminal
offence
3．classified
into 4.hatred
or
violence 5.effect
6．e?mail 7.lose
customers 8.suspects
9．international
cooperation 10.negotiate
Ⅲ.完成下面课文缩写
With
the
Internet
1.
(expand)
in
recent
years,
cybercrime
has
become
a
tough
problem.
The
council
of
Europe
has
classified
it
2.
four
categories:
we
know
that
all
Internet
users
are
affected
by
cybercrime
in
one
way
or
3.
.Most
people
have
received
computer
viruses
and
many
have
been
the
targets
of
e?mails.
Although
there
are
an
4.
(increase)
number
of
such
cases
against
people,
crime
against
large
companies
is
a
5.
(big)
problem.Many
companies
and
government
agencies
had
had
their
security
systems
6.
(break)
into
in
2010,
7.
(cause)
hundreds
of
billions
of
dollars'
loss
worldwide.
The
main
reason
of
cybercrime
is
that
most
cybercrime
is
not
reported
and
some
countries
have
no
laws
against
it.
Besides,
most
countries
do
not
have
8.
(arrangement)
for
dealing
with
suspects
from
other
countries
9.
may
have
committed
cybercrime.
The
only
answer
to
this
problem
is
international.
Vinton
Cerf,
10.
of
the
fathers
of
the
Internet
also
agrees
that
teamwork
is
a
key
to
dealing
with
cybercrime.
【答案】 1.expanding 2.into 3.another
4．increasing 5.bigger 6.broken 7.causing
8．arrangements 9.who 10.one
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
4
Law
and
order
1．(教材P50)Ladies
and
gentlemen，as
the
Internet
has
expanded
in
recent
years，the
opportunities
for
crime
have
expanded
as
well.
女士们，先生们，近几年来因特网迅速扩张，犯罪的机会也同样随之增加。
(1)expand
v．展开；张开(帆、翅等)；使膨胀；使扩张；扩大；扩充；详述
The
eagle
expanded
its
wings
and
flew
into
the
sky.
雄鹰展开翅膀飞向天空。
He
is
thinking
of
expanding
his
business.
他正考虑扩大他的生意。
Water
expands
when
it
freezes.
水结冰时体积膨胀。
In
ten
years
the
city's
population
expanded
by
12%.
十年之中，该城人口增加了百分之十二。
(1)expand
sth.
扩大，扩展某物
expand
on/upon
sth.
详述；充分叙述；详细阐明
(2)expandable
adj.
扩张的；可扩充的
(3)expansion
n.
扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀
an
expansion
of
sth.
……的扩大/膨胀；……的详述/展开
They
have
expanded
my
view
on
the
question.
他们已更充分地阐明了我对这个问题的观点。
Could
you
expand
on
that
point，please?
请你把这一点详细说明一下好吗？
完成句子
①你曾提到需要一笔额外资金，你详细地谈谈好吗？
You
mentioned
the
need
for
extra
funding.Would
you
that?
②这本书是他以前写的剧本的扩充。
This
book
is
the
play
he
wrote
before.
【答案】 ①expand
on ②an
expansion
of
(2)as
well
也
I
am
going
to
London
and
my
sister
is
going
as
well(＝going，too)．我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。
My
little
brother
can
speak
English
and
French
as
well.我弟弟会说英语，也会说法语。
(1)as
well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无须用逗号把其与句子分开。
(2)as
well用在口语中也可用于句中，作“也好；也行”或“倒不如”解，用来缓和语气。用于may/might
as
well
do
sth.句型。
(3)as
well可以直接用于just后，用作应答语(可视为It's
just
as
well.的省略)，作“幸亏；幸而；无妨；没关系”解。
You
may
as
well
have
a
try.你不妨试一下。
The
weather
was
so
bad
that
we
might(just)as
well
have
stayed
at
home.
天气太坏了，早知道如此，倒不如待在家里为好。
—We
were
too
late
to
see
the
film.
我们去得太晚了，没有看上电影。
—Just
as
well，I
hear
it
isn't
very
good.
不必遗憾，我听说电影也不怎么样。
完成句子
③我唱自己谱曲的歌，也弹吉他。
I
write
my
own
songs
and
I
play
the
guitar
.
④我们不妨从运动场上穿过去。
We
cut
across
the
playground.
【答案】 ③as
well ④may
as
well
2．face
v．面向；正对；使面对；面临；勇敢地对付；正视；覆盖
n.
脸；面容；外观
(教材P50)We
are
facing
criminals
who
realize
that
they
can
make
money
with
little
risk
of
being
caught.
我们正面临着这些以为这样做可以挣钱而几乎没有被捕风险的犯罪分子。
He
laid
the
card's
face
down
on
the
table.
他将纸牌的正面朝下放在桌上。
(1)be
faced
with
面临……
face
up/down
面朝上/下
(3)make
a
face/faces
做鬼脸
save
one's
face
保全面子
lose
one's
face
丢面子
on
the
face
of...
从……的外表判断
England
saved
their
face
by
getting
a
goal
in
the
last
minute
to
draw
the
match.
英格兰队在最后一分钟进了一球，把比赛扳成平局，从而挽回了面子。
The
front
of
the
house
was
faced
with
concrete.
房屋正面涂着一层混凝土。
[明辨异同] face/look/appearance
face
脸，面孔；表示“在脸上”时多用on
look
脸色，神气，外表；复数指面容
appearance
外表，外貌；用单数时，着重指人，往往包括衣着
选词填空(face/look/appearance)
①She
came
in
with
a
big
smile
on
her
.
②He
gave
me
an
angry
when
he
heard
the
news.
③Don't
judge
a
man
only
by
his
.
【答案】 ①face ②look ③appearance
单句语法填空
④The
children
sat
at
the
window
(make)
faces
at
the
passers?by.
⑤On
the
face
it,
artificial
life
looks
like
a
wonderful
thing.
⑥If
you
don't
want
(lose)
face,
the
gifts
should
not
be
too
cheap.
【答案】 ④making ⑤of ⑥to
lose
3．offence
n．犯罪；冒犯；罪过
(教材P50)Cybercrime
refers
to
any
criminal
offence
related
to
the
Internet.
网络犯罪指任何与电脑相关的犯罪。
They
didn't
pardon
him
for
his
first
offence
against
the
law.
他们没有宽恕他初次犯法。
I'm
sure
he
meant
no
offence
when
he
said
that.
我相信他那么说并无冒犯的意思。
(1)cause/
give
offence
冒犯；得罪；伤感情
commit/give
offence(against)
违背；违反；破坏
mean
no
offence
没有冒犯你的意思；不要见怪
take
offence
at
对……生气；因……动怒
(2)offend
v.
得罪；冒犯；违背；有悖于
offend
sb.
得罪某人
offend
against
有悖于……
be
offended
with/by/at
对……感到生气
I
was
offended
at
his
words.
我对他的话感到生气。
They
were
offended
with
her
for
her
conduct.
他们因她的行为而对她生气。
完成句子
①开车没有执照就是一项犯罪。
Driving
without
a
licence
is
.
②你的所作所为有悖于他们的宗教信仰。
What
you
did
their
religious
beliefs.
【答案】 ①an
offence ②offended
against
4．(be)related
to
与……相联系；与……有关；与……有亲戚关系
(教材P50)Last
of
all，it
names
those
offences
related
to
intellectual
property.
最后，它定义与知识产权相关的犯罪。
His
fear
of
people
is
related
to
his
unhappy
childhood.
他对人的畏惧和他不幸的童年有关系。
(1)relate
vt.
联系；关联；叙述；讲述；vi.涉及；有关；
符合
be
related
to...
和……有关系/联系
(2)relative
n.
亲属/戚adj.有关系的；有关的
(3)relation
n.
关系；联系；亲属
in
relation
to
和……联系起来；关于；涉及
This
paragraph
relates
to
the
international
situation.
这一段讲的是国际形势。
It
is
difficult
to
relate
the
two
cases.
这两个案件很难扯上关系。
He
related
the
story
at
length.
他把故事详详细细地叙述了一遍。
Strange
to
relate，I
once
met
Smith
in
Paris.
说起来奇怪，有一次我在巴黎遇见了史密斯。
完成句子
①他因病丧失了记忆。
He
suffered
with
memory
loss
his
disease.
②他和我家有亲戚关系。
He
my
family.
【答案】 ①related
to ②is
related
to
5．affect
vt.影响；对……发生作用；使感动；使震动；(病)侵袭；罹患
(教材P50)All
Internet
users
are
affected
by
cybercrime
in
one
way
or
another.
所有的因特网用户都这样或那样地受到影响。
Her
kidneys
had
become
affected.
她的肾脏受到了感染。
The
amount
of
rain
affects
the
growth
of
crops.
雨量影响作物的生长。
(1)be
greatly/deeply
affected 很/深受感动
be
affected
by
heat/cold
中暑/着凉
be
affected
with
high
fever
发高烧
(2)effect
n.
影响
have
an
effect
on
对……产生影响
The
south
of
the
country
was
worst
affected
by
the
drought.
该国南方旱情最严重。
They
were
deeply
affected
by
the
news
of
her
death.
她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。
完成句子
①她父亲去世的消息使她深受震动。
She
the
news
of
her
father's
death.
②电视对年轻人有影响，这使许多老师很担心。
Television
young
people，which
many
teachers
worry
about.
【答案】 ①was
deeply
affected
by ②has
an
effect
on
6．in
the
end最后；终于
(教材P50)The
people
receiving
these
e?mails
are
asked
to
supply
information
about
their
bank
accounts，and
in
the
end，their
money
is
stolen.
收到这些电子邮件的人被要求提供他们的银行账户，结果他们的钱被盗了。
Everything
will
be
all
right
in
the
end.
最终一切都会好的。
[明辨异同] in
the
end/by
the
end
of.../at
the
end
(of...)
in
the
end
意为“终于，最后”，在句中修饰整个句子。
by
the
end
of...
意为“到……为止”。常与完成时态连用。若of后面跟的是将来时间，句子则用将来完成时；若of后面跟的是过去时间则句子要和过去完成时连用。
at
the
end
(of...)
意为“在(……的)末端、在……后期”，of后面若接时间，则表示某一时间点，句子的时态要根据句子的意思而定。
In
the
end，it
was
more
than
he
could
bear.
最后，他再也忍不住了。
By
the
end
of
last
week，we
had
learnt
three
units.
到上个星期为止，我们已学了三个单元。
At
the
end
of
this
month，I'll
pay
back
your
money.
这个月底我将还你的钱。
用end的相关词语完成下列小片段
①
the
meeting，the
general
manager
said
in
a
loud
voice，“We've
tried
hard
to
solve
the
financial
problem，and
②
we've
succeeded.So
③
next
week，everything
will
be
all
right.”
【答案】 ①At
the
end
of ②in
the
end ③by
the
end
of
7．(教材P50)A
survey
conducted
in
2010
by
the
Computer
Security
Institute，a
private
organization
in
the
USA,
showed
that
45.6
per
cent
of
the
351
biggest
companies
and
government
agencies
had
had
their
security
systems
broken
into
in
the
previous
year.
美国的一家私人机构即电脑安全协会，在2010年进行的一项调查表明，在被调查的351家最大的公司和政府部门中，有45.6%的单位的电脑安全系统在前一年遭到入侵。
(1)conduct
n．行为；举止；举动；品行；处理；经营方式；管理方法v.行为；举止；为人；表现；处理；经营；引导；实施；导游；指挥(乐队)；导电；导热
His
conduct
disagrees
with
his
words.
他言行不一致。
The
headmaster
conducted
us
round
the
school.
校长带领我们在学校里参观了一圈。
conduct...to/into...
领着(某人)到……
conduct
oneself
表现；举止
conduct
of
sth.
……的经营方式/管理方法
Your
children
conduct
themselves
well.
你的孩子们表现甚佳。
There
was
growing
praise
of
his
conduct
of
the
company.
他对公司的管理方式受到越来越多人的表扬。
完成句子
①他表现得比预料的要好得多。
He
than
expected.
②我们对谈判的进展感到不满。
We
are
not
satisfied
with
the
negotiations.
【答案】 ①conducted
himself
far
better ②the
conduct
of
(2)break
into强行闯入；撬开；突然开始(笑、唱)
They
have
had
their
house
broken
into.
有人闯进了他们家。
As
the
singer
walked
onto
the
stage，the
audience
broke
into
loud
applause.
当歌手走上舞台时，观众中爆发出热烈的掌声。
break
away(from)
脱开；离开；逃脱
break
down
破坏；拆散(机器)；损坏；失败；破
裂；精
神崩溃；失去控制
break
in
强行闯入；打断；插嘴
break
off
中断谈话；停顿；断裂
break
out
(战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发
break
through
突破；打破
break
up
分裂；结束；解散；(学校)开始放假；
使
发笑；逗乐；使苦恼
The
war
broke
out
when
he
was
born.
他出生时战争爆发了。
She's
just
broken
up
with
her
boyfriend.
她刚刚和男朋友分手。
Finally
the
country
broke
up
into
three
countries.
最后，这个国家分裂为三个国家。
完成句子
③A
bank
was
(闯进)
last
night.
④Firefighters
had
to
(打倒，破坏)the
door
to
reach
the
people
trapped
inside.
⑤Scientists
think
they
are
beginning
to
(取得突破)in
the
fight
against
cancer.
⑥They
decided
to
(结束)the
partnership.
【答案】 ③broken
into ④break
down ⑤break
through ⑥break
up
8．considering
prep.考虑到
(教材P51)Considering
how
bad
the
situation
with
cybercrime
against
companies
has
become,
many
people
wonder
why
so
little
is
known
about
this.
考虑到针对公司的网络犯罪的情况很恶劣，许多人质疑为什么我们对于这些犯罪知之甚少。
Considering
the
weather，we
got
here
quite
quickly.
考虑到天气，我们很快到达了这儿。
(3)sb.is
considered
to
have
done
sth.
某人被认为已做某事
(4)take...into
consideration
把……考虑在内
Competition
is
tough，so
job
seekers
must
carefully
consider
.
竞争非常激烈，因此求职者必须仔细考虑他们的个人选择。
I
had
always
considered
myself
a
strong
competent
woman.
我曾一直以为自己是一个坚强能干的女人。
单句语法填空
①Do
you
consider
wise
to
interfere?
②Taking
everything
into
(consider)，the
result
is
better
than
I
expected.
【答案】 ①it ②consideration
9.
(教材P51)All
of
this
is
made
more
difficult
by
the
legal
situation
regarding
cybercrime.
有关网络犯罪的法律状况使形势更加复杂。
(1)situation
n.
形势；情况
The
economic
situation
in
China
today
is
very
promising.如今中国的经济发展形势非常好。
He
is
in
a
difficult
situation.
他的处境很困难。
as/if/when
the
situation
arises/when
it
happens
如果/当出现这种情况时
be
in/out
of
a
situation
有/失去职业
save
the
situation
解救危机，挽回局势
social
situations
社交场合
sb.'s
situation
某人的境遇
We'll
have
to
deal
with
overcrowding
as
the
situation
arises.
当这种情况出现时，我们得应对过度拥挤的问题。
Social
situations
always
make
me
nervous.
社交场合总是让我感到紧张。
[名师点津]
situation后的定语从句(如果situation在定语从句中做状语)常用where/in
which引导，这类词还有point，case，system，stage，position等。
They
have
reached
the
point
where
they
have
to
separate
with
each
other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
完成句子
①他以前独自一人离开过家吗？
Has
he
ever
been
when
he's
been
out
on
his
own?
②每次你在社交场合遇到人时，把精力集中在他身上四分钟。
Every
time
you
meet
someone
，
give
him
your
undivided
attention
for
four
minutes.
【答案】 ①in
a
situation ②in
a
social
situation
(2)regarding
prep.关于；至于(比about正式)
I
wrote
a
letter
regarding
my
daughter's
school
examinations.我写了一封关于我女儿学校考试的信。
He
knew
nothing
regarding
the
case.
关于这个案子他一无所知。
(1)regardless
adv.
无论如何；不管怎样
regardless
of
不管；不顾
(2)regard
v．&
n.
认为；注意
regard...as...
把……当作……
with/in
regard
to
关于；至于
The
boy
went
swimming
in
the
deep
lake
regardless
of
his
mother's
fears
for
his
safety.那个男孩不顾母亲对他安全的担心，到深湖中去游泳了。
I
regard
him
as
a
friend.
我当他是朋友。
The
teacher
wishes
to
speak
to
you
in
regard
to
your
being
late.
老师要和你谈谈关于你迟到的问题。
完成句子
③关于价格，我们认为它太高了。
We
consider
it
too
high
the
price.
④她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。
She
is
determined
to
do
it
all
consequences.
【答案】 ③with
regard
to ④regardless
of
10．applicant
n．申请者
(教材P53)Information
related
to
applicants，staff
and
the
administration
of
our
company
is
private
and
confidential.
我们公司的申请者、员工和管理相关的信息是私密和机密的。
The
applicant
is
an
importer
of
fruit.
申请人是一个水果进口商。
The
agent
must
answer
all
the
questions
in
item
5
for
the
applicant.
代理人必须为申请人回答第5项所有问题。
(1)application
n．
申请；申请书/表；实施；应用；实用
性；用功；专心
(2)apply
vi.
申请；请求；有关；涉及
vt.
使用；应用；涂；敷
apply
(to
sb.)
for
sth.
(向某人)申请某物
apply
sth.(to
sth.)
将某物应用于某物
apply
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
专心于……；致力于……
apply
to
do
sth.
申请去做某事
完成句子
①贫穷的学生们申请免费上学。
The
poor
students
go
to
school
for
free.
②护士用绷带包扎伤口。
The
nurse
to
the
wound.
【答案】 ①applied
to
②applied
the
bandage
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
4
Law
and
order
1．(教材P54)A
detective
may
also
be
needed
to
search
for
the
person
responsible
for
the
crime.
有可能需要一位侦探来搜查这次罪行的责任人。
(1)search
vt.&
vi.搜查；在……中搜寻(＋for)，细看；仔细检查
Police
searched
everyone
present
at
the
scene
of
crime.
警察搜查了在犯罪现场的每一个人。
He
searched
every
room
in
the
house.
他搜查了这房子的每一个房间。
He
searched
for
work
at
the
various
stores.
他在各家商店寻找工作。
search
sb.
搜某人的身
search
somewhere
搜查某地方；在……中搜查
search
for
寻找(指搜寻某个特定的目标，相当于
look
for)
search...for
搜查某人或某场所以寻找某物
in
search
of
寻找(是介词短语，常作目的状语)
make
a
search
for
搜索；寻求；追求
They
made
a
long
search
for
the
lost
child.
他们花了很长时间去找失踪的孩子。
完成句子
①他去森林为他生病的妻子找草药。
He
went
to
the
forest
medicinal
herbs
for
his
sick
wife.
②他们寻找了一天这个丢失的孩子。
For
a
whole
day
they
the
lost
child.
③我没拿你的书，但我愿意帮你找。
I
will
your
book,
though
I
don't
think
I
have
taken
it.
【答案】 ①in
search
of ②searched
for ③make
a
search
for
(2)responsible
adj.需负责任的；承担责任的(＋for/to)；作为原因的(＋for)；认真负责的；可信赖的；责任重大的；重要的
We
should
give
the
job
to
a
responsible
person.
我们应将该工作委托给一个有责任心的人。
Mr.March
held
a
responsible
position.
马奇先生担任过要职。
(1)be
responsible
for
sth.
对某事负责
be
responsible
for
doing
sth.
负责做某事
be
responsible
to
sb.
对某人负责
(2)responsibility
n.
负责；责任；义务；职责
have
responsibility
for
负责……
take
responsibility
for
对……负责
assume/accept
responsibility
for
承担……的责任
sense
of
responsibility
责任感
Bad
weather
is
responsible
for
the
poor
crop.
坏天气是收成不好的原因。
完成句子
我决不对发生的事情负责。
④In
no
way
what
has
happened.
【答案】 am
I
responsible
for
2．(教材P54)They
may
interview
people
as
well
to
find
out
if
anyone
saw
something
suspicious
or
was
a
witness
to
the
crime.他们也有可能会见一些人，来发现是否有人看见值得怀疑的东西或者是这次罪行的目击证人。
(1)【要点提炼】 if
anyone
saw
something
suspicious
or
was
a
witness
to
the
crime作find
out的宾语
if和whether引导动词的宾语从句时，两者可以互换。但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，介词的宾语从句以及discuss所带的宾语从句时只能用whether。
Whether
she
will
attend
the
meeting
is
still
under
consideration.她是否参加会议仍在考虑中。(主语从句)
The
problem
whether
he
will
be
given
the
job
has
not
been
decided.他是否能得到这份工作的问题还没决定呢。(同位语从句)
He
asked
me
if
(whether)I
would
attend
the
meeting.他问我是否参加会议。(宾语从句)
The
question
is
whether
he
will
come.
问题是他是否会来。(表语从句)
We
discussed
whether
Mary
could
join
us.
我们讨论了玛丽是否可以加入到我们当中来。(discussed后的宾语从句)
It
depends
on
whether
she
is
coming
or
not.
那要看她是否要来。(介词宾语从句)
[名师点津]
①宾语从句若是否定句，不宜用whether，要用if。与or
not紧贴着连用时，要用whether。
你是否知道他将要来？
②用于不定式之前的“是否”和引导让步状语从句要用whether。
I
don't
know
whether
to
go
there.
我不知道是否去那儿。
Whether
you
like
it
or
not，you
must
go
with
us.
不管你愿不愿意，你必须与我们一起去。
③如果在有些语境情况下，if引导从句会造成歧义，那么就要用whether。
Please
let
me
know
if
he
is
coming.
如果他要来请告诉我。
Please
let
me
know
whether
he
is
coming.
请告诉我他是否要来。
翻译句子
①是否给她这份工作仍在讨论中。
②我怀疑我们是否能赢得这场比赛。
【答案】 ①Whether
she
will
be
given
this
job
is
still
under
discussion. ②I
doubt
if/whether
we
will
win
the
match.
(2)witness
n．目击者；见证人v.目击；作……的证人；为……作证；是……的发生地点(时间)
I
was
a
witness
to
the
argument.
我是那场争论的见证人。
She
was
punished
for
giving
false
witness.
她因作伪证受到惩罚。
witness
an
accident/a
quarrel
目击，见证一事故/一场争吵
witness
to
sth./doing
sth.
(在法庭等上)为……作证
bear/give
witness
(to
sth.)
为……作证，证明
be
(a)
witness
to
sth.
目击(某事发生)，证明……真实
I
witnessed
the
traffic
accident.
我目睹了那次交通事故。
The
year
1849
witnessed
a
great
war
in
Hungary.
一八四九年匈牙利发生了一场大战。
These
facts
are
witness
to
his
carelessness.
这些事实证明了他的粗心。
完成句子
③The
driver
(作证说看见了)the
man
enter
the
building.
④I
(为……作证)his
innocence.
【答案】 ③witnessed
to
having
seen ④bore
witness
to
3．charge
n．负责；管理；收费；指控；罪名v.收(费)；索(价)；控告；指控；使充满
(教材P54)If
the
police
have
enough
evidence
to
prove
that
the
person
is
guilty，the
person
will
be
charged
with
the
crime，and
then
must
go
to
court
for
a
trial.
如果警察有足够的证据来证明这人就是罪犯，他们就会控告这人有罪，并且这个嫌疑犯必须去法庭接受审判。
What
is
the
charge
for
a
day
at
the
hotel?
旅馆费一天要多少？
How
much
do
you
charge
for
this?
这个你要多少钱？
He
was
charged
with
stealing.
他被指控偷盗。
(1)charge
sb.for
sth.
收费；要价
charge
sb.with
sth./doing
sth.
指控；起诉；指责
(2)free
of
charge
免费
in
charge
of
主管；负责
in
the
charge
of
由……负责/掌管
take
charge
of
主管，负责
They
charged
me
$5
for
a
cup
of
coffee.
他们一杯咖啡向我要(价)5美元。
Soon
he
will
take
charge
of
the
department.
他很快会来主管这个部门。
[明辨异同] in
charge
of/in
the
charge
of
in
charge
of
表示“负责，管理”
in
the
charge
of
表示“由……负责/管理”。in
the
charge
of
sb.＝in(under)sb.'s
charge由某人管理、照看
Mr.Smith
is
in
charge
of
our
class./Our
class
is
in
the
charge
of
Mr.Smith.
我们班由史密斯先生负责。
完成句子
①这个婴儿由玛丽照看。
The
baby
is
.
②当老板不在时由汤姆负责公司业务。
The
company
is
when
the
boss
is
away.
③他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
He
murder.
④父亲去世后他掌管了农场。
He
the
farm
after
his
father's
death.
【答案】 ①in/under
Mary's
charge ②in
the
charge
of
Tom/in
Tom's
charge ③was
charged
with ④takes
charge
of
4．(教材P57)Visitors
are
politely
requested
to
keep
their
voices
down
at
all
times.
游客们总是被客气地要求压低他们的声音。
(1)request
vt.要求；请求；请求给予
I
requested
him
to
come
before
ten.
我要求他十点以前来。
They
requested
a
loan
from
the
bank.
他们要求银行给他们一笔贷款。
He
requested
that
she(should)have
dinner
with
him.
他邀请她一起吃饭。
(1)request
sb.to
do
请求某人做……
request
sth.of/from
sb.
向某人要求某物
request
that
从句[虚拟语气
(should)＋v.]
请求……
It
is
requested
that...
要求……
request
后接同位语从句或表语从句，从句的
谓词用虚拟语气should＋v.，should
可省
略。
(2)request
n.
请求；要求；请求的事；需要；需求
at
one's
request
应某人的邀请
make
a
request
for/that
从句 要求……
Mr.Paine
made
a
request
that
I
should
help
him.
佩恩先生要求我帮助他。
All
my
requests
were
granted.
我所请求的事情全都得到答应了。
完成句子
①They
(要求)further
aid.
②She
requested
her
mother
(把她母亲马上送去医院)．
【答案】 ①made
a
request
for ②should
be
sent
to
hospital
at
once
(2)at
all
times无论何时；随时；一直
We
must
be
ready
at
all
times
to
start
off.
我们必须随时都准备出发。
at
times
有时；不时
at
a
time
每次；一次
at
one
time
曾经；一度
at
the
same
time
同时
at
no
time
决不
at
this/that
time
就在这个/那个时刻
He
can
be
really
bad?tempered
at
times.
他有时候脾气可真不好。
We
had
to
go
and
see
the
principal
one
at
a
time.
我们得逐一去见校长。
完成句子
③这个人曾被告上了法庭。
The
man
was
taken
to
court
.
④昨天这个时候你在干什么？
What
were
you
doing
yesterday?
【答案】 ③at
one
time ④at
this
time
英语的文体
英语有很多不同的文体，应使用何种英语文体取决于具体情境。最重要的区别是英语的口语形式与书面形式的不同，而在这其中还有正式文体和非正式文体的区别。
正式
非正式
书面语
散文报告申请信函
给朋友或家人的信电子邮件短信
口语
正式演说对陌生人说话
与熟悉的人交谈(家人和朋友)
1．正式文体
(1)我们经常发现复杂的句子结构，包括被动语态和从句。
Ordinary
citizens
are
aware
of
the
frequent
computer?related
crimes
that
happen
since
many
computer
users
are
affected
by
computer
viruses.
普通市民意识到自从一些计算机用户被电脑病毒侵袭后与电脑相关的犯罪就频繁地发生。
在这个句子中含有一个定语从句，并且在定语从句中还含有一个时间状语从句。
(2)我们也会发现较多的抽象名词。
There
has
been
an
increase
in
the
incidence
of
crime.犯罪率有所上升。
(3)我们常常使用正式英语词汇和表达形式。
I
regret
to
inform
you
that
you
haven't
been
admitted
into
the
university.
很遗憾地通知你：你没有被大学录取。
2．非正式文体
(1)我们常常使用简单句结构。
People
are
worried
about
computer
viruses.
人们担心电脑病毒。
(2)我们常常使用主动语态。
Well，Katie，first
you
should
go
to
the
police
station
and
talk
to
the
detective
in
charge.
凯蒂，你应该去派出所并向主管的警探说清楚。
(3)我们也会见到口语的缩略形式。
We've
heard
lots
of
reports
of
financial
fraud.
我们听说过很多经济犯罪的报道。
(4)我们常常使用非正式英语词汇和表达形式。
I'm
sorry
to
say
that
you
haven't
been
admitted
into
the
university.
很抱歉地告诉你你没有被大学录取。
3．常用正式英语和非正式英语词汇
Formal
English
Informal
English
a
large
amount/number
of
a
lot
of
arrange
sort
out
child
kid
discard
throw
away
I
regret
to
inform
you...
I'm
sorry
to
say...
immediately
right
away
in
addition
plus
it
is
my
hope...
hope...
prevent
stop
purchase
buy
reply
answer
speak
to
have
a
word
with
take
my
concerns
into
consideration
think
about
it
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
4
Ⅰ.从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true
according
to
the
passage?
A．The
WIPO
recognizes
intellectual
property
as
ideas
that
belongs
to
only
a
person.
B．Laws
have
been
passed
to
protect
intellectual
property
in
all
countries.
C．Generally
speaking，ideas
are
more
valuable
than
many
things
in
the
physical
world.
2．Why
is
it
considered
necessary
to
protect
intellectual
property
rights？Because
.
A．if
someone
creates
something，he
or
she
deserves
to
be
paid
for
this.
B．to
protect
intellectual
property
rights
does
good
to
knowledge.
C．it
can
let
us
download
more
videos
free
from
the
Internet.
3．Who
are
most
likely
to
be
breaking
intellectual
property
laws?
A．People
with
advanced
technical
skills.
B．People
with
no
technical
skills
about
computers.
C．Ordinary
people
who
never
surf
on
the
Internet.
【答案】 1.C 2.A 3.A
Ⅱ.判断正(T)误(F)
1．Xu
Jin
wrote
to
Miss
Li
to
apologize
to
her
for
him
not
studying
hard.
( )
2．Xu
Jin
and
his
friend
went
to
the
Internet
cafe
to
play
computer
games
every
day.
( )
3．Once
Xu
Jin
stole
money
from
the
tin
on
the
class
monitor's
desk.
( )
【答案】 1.F 2.F 3.T
1．(教材P58)How
do
you
know
it
was
me？It
could
have
been
anyone.你怎么知道是我？有可能是别人呀！
【要点提炼】 could
have
done在此处表示对过去所发生的事情的推测，意为“有可能做过某事”。could
have
done用法如下：
(1)表示对过去的推测(可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句)，当用在疑问句或陈述句中时，其意为“可能做过某事……”；当用在否定句中时，意为“不可能做过某事”，此时能与can't
have
done互换。
He
couldn't
have
told
her
about
it.
他不可能把这事告诉她了。
(2)表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为“本来能够做却没有……”，含有委婉地责备某人之意。
You
could
have
come
here
a
little
earlier.
你本该早点来的。
(3)表示“差点儿就要”。
I
could
have
died
laughing.
我差点儿就要笑死了。
should/ought
to
have
done
表示过去本应该做某事而没有做
shouldn't/ought
not
to
have
done
表示本不应该做某事实际上却做了
must/may/might
have
done
表示一定做了或可能已经做了某事(must语气最肯定，只用于肯定句，否定形式用can't
have
done。)
needn't
have
done
表示本没有必要做某事而实际上却做了
would
have
done表示过去本会发生某事而没有发生
wouldn't
have
done表示过去本来不会发生某事却发生了
It
must
have
rained
last
night，for
the
road
was
quite
muddy.
昨晚一定下过雨了，因为地面很泥泞。
You
shouldn't
have
let
out
the
secret.
你不该泄露这个秘密的。
Mr.Smith
can't
have
gone
to
Beijing，for
I
saw
him
in
the
library
just
now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆看见他。
完成句子
①史密斯夫人不可能错过火车。
Mrs.Smith
the
train.
②你本来应该先征得我的同意。
You
my
permission
first.
③昨天肯定下雪了。
It
yesterday.
【答案】 ①can't/couldn't
have
missed
②should/ought
to
have
asked
③must
have
snowed
2．pay
sb./sth.back还钱，还债；报仇，报复
(教材P59)I
know
it
is
a
lame
excuse，but
I
thought
I
would
be
able
to
pay
it
back.
我知道这不是一个充分的借口，但我想我会还钱的。
Can
you
lend
me
some
money？I
can
pay
you
back
tomorrow.
你能借给我点儿钱吗？我明天就可以还给你。
He'll
pay
you
back
for
making
him
look
like
a
fool
in
front
of
everybody.
你让他当众出丑，他不会放过你的。
pay
for
付款；支付费用；偿还
pay
off
还清；偿清；报复；偿还；结清工资
解雇(某人)；成功
pay
out
付巨款；放松(绳子)；放出
pay
up
(不情愿地)付清；还清(债务)
I
paid
five
dollars
for
the
books.
我花了五美元买这些书。
After
all
these
years，we've
at
last
paid
off
all
our
debts.
经过这么多年，我们总算把债还清了。
完成句子
①他答应明天还。
He
promised
to
me
tomorrow.
②你必须还清旧债，才能重新贷款。
You'll
have
to
your
old
loan
before
being
allowed
a
new
one.
【答案】 ①pay；back ②pay
off
3．(教材P62)If
someone
spends
his
or
her
time，effort
and
money
writing
a
book，for
example，he
or
she
deserves
to
be
paid
for
it.
例如，如果有人花了他或她的时间、精力和金钱来写一本书，他或她也值得他人为此付费。
(1)spend...花费……做……
He
has
spent
two
yuan
on
sweets.
买糖果他已用去了2元钱。
He
spent
half
a
year
(in)
writing
a
short
play.
他花了半年的时间写了一个短剧。
[明辨异同] spend/cost/pay/take
spend
多指花费时间、金钱和精力，它的主语必须是人。常用sb.spend...on
sth./(in)doing
sth.结构。
cost
常指花费金钱、精力、劳力、生命、健康等，一般不用于花费时间。其主语必须是“事或物”，不以人作主语，它可以接一个宾语，也可接双宾语。结构为：sth.cost
money，sth.cost
sb.money/energy/life/health。
pay
主语是人，宾语可以是人或金钱等，与介词for搭配。常用sb.pay(...)for
sth.结构。
take
作“花费”讲时，可用来指花费时间、精力；take意为(need/require)需要，后可接勇气，想象力等，主语常用it，可以是“事情”，有时也可以是人。常用于It
takes
sb.some
time
to
do
sth.；It
takes
some
time
for
sb.to
do
sth.或sb.takes
some
time
to
do
sth.结构。
Mary
spends
all
her
free
time
painting.
玛丽把所有的时间都用来绘画。
A
full
day's
activities
will
cost
you
￡45.
全天的活动花费为45英镑。
It
took
me
one
hour
to
drive
from
the
village
to
the
town.驾车从村子到小镇花了我一个小时的时间。
用take/spend/cost/pay的适当形式填空
①Every
morning
he
half
an
hour
on
English.
②He
a
lot
of
money
in
buying
a
new
car.
③Making
experiments
like
this
much
time
and
labour.
④He
had
to
50,000
yuan
for
his
new
house.
⑤It
the
professor
three
years
to
carry
out
the
experiment.
【答案】 ①spends ②spent ③cost ④pay ⑤took
(2)deserve
vt.应受；该得
They
deserved
to
have
a
good
rest.
他们应该好好休息一下。
He
deserves
this
glory.
他应该得到这一荣誉。
The
article
deserves
careful
study.
这篇文章值得仔细研究。
deserve
to
do
应该做；值得做
deserve
doing/to
be
done
值得(被)做
deserve
consideration/attention
值得考虑/关注
He
deserves
to
be
praised
for
what
he
did.＝He
deserves
praising
for
what
he
did.
他的所作所为值得赞扬。
完成句子
⑥她应该赢，因为她是最好的。
She
because
she
was
the
best.
⑦她工作做得很好，应当受到赞扬。
She
did
a
good
job,
and
so
she
.
＝She
did
a
good
job,
and
so
she
.
【答案】 ⑥deserved
to
win ⑦deserved
to
be
praised;
deserved
praising
4．product
n．用作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。产品；产物；产量；出产；结果；成果
(教材P62)In
the
same
way，if
a
company
spends
money
researching
and
developing
new
products，that
company
should
be
paid
for
its
work.
同样的是，如果一家公司花了金钱研究和开发新产品，那么该公司也应该为此得到报酬。
They
came
here
in
search
of
new
markets
for
their
products.
他们来这儿为他们的产品寻找新市场。
The
plan
was
the
product
of
many
days
of
careful
thought.
这个计划是许多天仔细考虑的成果。
[明辨异同] produce/product/production
produce
(不可数)和product(可数)在表示“产品”时，都可以表示农产品、工业品、天然产品等，两者常可换用。但produce多指“农产品”，product则多指“工业产品”。
production
也可表示“产品”(可数)，但主要指“艺术作品”，此时也可用product，但不如前者常用。
选词填空(product/produce/production)
①The
farmers
brought
their
to
town
early
each
Saturday
morning.
②Our
car
is
a
of
that
factory.
③The
company
is
famous
for
the
of
small
cars.
【答案】 ①produce ②
product ③production
5．valuable
adj.贵重的；有价值的；宝贵的；珍贵的
(教材P62)．..and
ideas
are
more
valuable
than
many
things
in
the
physical
world.
在物质世界里想法要比许多其他东西更有价值。
I
won't
waste
any
more
of
your
valuable
time.
我不再浪费你的宝贵时间了。
[明辨异同] valuable/invaluable/valueless/priceless
valuable
有价值的，值钱的，宝贵的(＝of
great
value)。比它语气更强的是priceless，意为“无价的；极贵重的”(＝of
such
a
high
value
that
it
can't
be
calculated)。
invaluable
无价的，非常宝贵的(＝very
valuable)。在现代英语中，它一般不用来谈论价格(price)或钱(money)，而是指“极其有用的”(＝very
useful
indeed)。
valueless
不值钱的，无用的(＝without
value)，同义词是worthless。
priceless
无价的，极珍贵的。
This
ancient
gold
coin
isn't
just
valuable；it's
priceless.
这枚古金币不只是有价值，而且是无价之宝。
Your
assistance
has
been
invaluable.
你的帮助的确是太有用了(或无法估价)。
The
metal
looked
like
gold，but
in
fact
it
was
valueless/worthless.
这块金属看起来像黄金，但实际上是不值钱的。
Our
family
photos
are
priceless.
我们的家庭照片是极其珍贵的。
选词填空(valuable/invaluable/valueless/priceless)
①A
dictionary
is
an
aid
in
learning
a
new
language.
②He
bought
me
a
diamond
ring
as
a
birthday
present.
③The
vase
is
，
so
he
sold
it
at
a
low
price.
④The
painting
was
her
great
treasure.
【答案】 ①invaluable ②valuable ③valueless ④priceless
6．(教材P62)To
help
control
such
problems
and
smooth
the
progress
of
international
trade，the
World
Trade
Organization(WTO)was
formed.
为帮助控制这样的问题和促进国际贸易平稳发展，世界贸易组织(WTO)成立了。
(1)control
vt.控制；管理
Control
yourself；don't
get
angry.
你要克制自己，不要发火。
Who
controls
the
factory?
谁管理这个工厂？
control
n．
控制；支配；管理；调节；抑制
have
control
of/over
有……控制权
in
control
of
控制；负责
in
the
control
of
被……控制/管理
under
control
在控制中；得到控制
under
the
control
of
在……控制/支配之下
out
of
control
不受控制/支配
lose
control
(of)
失去(对……的)控制
beyond/outside
sb's
control
无法/不受某人的控制
take/gain
control
(of)
得到/取得(对……的)控制
She's
a
good
teacher
who
has
control
of
her
class.
她是个优秀的教师，能够管理好课堂纪律。
He
was
in
control
of
the
car.他负责这辆小汽车。
The
fire
got
out
of
control.火势变得无法控制。
完成句子
①A
new
advance
has
been
made
(在控制……方面)malaria.
②I
was
so
furious
that
I
(不能控制自己)and
I
hit
him.
【答案】 ①in
control
of ②couldn't
control
myself
(2)smooth
v．使光滑；使平滑；把……弄平；变平静；变缓和；使(脸部表情)平和下来；引申为“消除困难、障碍”等。
She
smoothed
her
dress
with
an
electric
iron.
她用电熨斗烫平她的连衣裙。
Things
have
smoothed
down.
事情已经缓和下来。
(1)smooth
down
弄平整；弄平坦
smooth
away
摆脱(困难)；排除(困难)
smooth
out
(用手)弄平；把……弄平整
smooth
over
缓和；调解(困难等)
(2)smooth
adj.
平滑的；平坦的；平静的；(事情)进
行顺利
的；(性情等)平和的
That
road
is
smooth.那是一条平坦的路。
The
old
man
has
a
smooth
temper.老人性格温和。
完成句子
③几个组之间的所有分歧很快消除了。
Any
differences
between
groups
were
soon
.
④她和争执双方谈话，试图进行调解。
She
spoke
to
both
sides
in
the
dispute
in
an
attempt
to
things
.
【答案】 ③smoothed
away ④smooth；over
7．alone
adj.独自的；单独的adv.独自；单独；仅仅
(教材P63)In
2005
alone，film
companies
in
Hollywood
lost
around$3
to
$4
billion
because
of
illegal
copying
and
downloading
from
the
Internet.
仅2005年一年中，由于非法复制和网络非法下载，好莱坞的电影公司就损失了大约30至40亿美元。
(1)用作形容词时，一般作表语。
He
is
alone.他独自一人。
We
are
not
alone
in
thinking
that
he
is
a
cheat.
不仅是我们认为他是骗子。
(2)用作副词时，除表示“独自”外，还可表示“仅仅”，注意要放在有关的词语之后。
He
alone
can
do
it.只有他才做得了。
He
wants
to
be
alone
with
her.他想同她单独在一起。
(3)可用all，much，very
much等修饰。
He
is
all/much/very
much
alone.
他孤身一人。
(4)按传统英语alone通常表示客观上的一个人或没有外人，一般不表示主观上的“孤寂”，但在现代英语中，alone有时也可表示此意。lonely另有“荒凉的”意思。
He
felt
terribly
alone
when
Jane
left.
简离开后他感到很寂寞。
选词填空(alone/lonely)
①He
has
so
few
friends
that
his
life
is
.
②She
spends
more
and
more
time
in
her
room.
【答案】 ①lonely ②alone
8．challenge
n.
用作名词，意为“挑战；邀请比赛；艰巨的事；指责”vt.用作动词，意为“向……挑战；对……提出异议；怀疑；反对；需要；刺激；激发”
(教材P63)At
present，pirated
music
and
software
are
a
serious
challenge
to
the
music
and
software
industries.目前，盗版音乐和软件给音乐和软件这两个产业带来了严重的挑战。
To
build
a
road
in
the
mountainous
area
was
a
real
challenge.在山区修筑公路的确是件艰巨的事。
challenge
sb.to
(do)
sth.
向某人挑战(做)某事
face/meet/(rise
to)
challenge
迎接挑战
I
challenged
him
to
show
his
proof.
我要他拿出证据。
He
challenged
my
view
on
that
matter.
他就我对那件事的看法提出异议。
完成句子
①那个新职位激发他在业余时间更加努力学习。
The
new
position
still
harder
during
his
spare
time.
②更新传统观念以迎接挑战。
Traditional
values
are
redefined
to
.
【答案】 ①challenged
him
to
study
②meet
challenges
如何进行概要写作
概要写作(summary
writing)是一种控制性的作文形式，要求学生“基于提供的一篇350词以内的短文，写出一篇60词左右的内容概要”。概要写作要求阅读者在忠实于原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精炼的语言来概括文章的主旨与主要内容。
进行概要写作，学生必须具备以下六种能力：
1．提取段落主题句
2．提取关键信息
3．提炼、压缩段落主题句
4．整合、概括关键信息
5．改造、转换段落主题句
6．添加过渡词语，使行文衔接连贯
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Cyberspace(网络空间)
has
given
rise
to
a
new
social
change
where
people
make
friends
from
across
the
world，but
know
little
about
their
next?door
neighbors.This
worries
critics(批评家)．Take
Bob
for
example.He
thinks
his
neighbor
doesn't
know
anything
about
gardening，but
his
net
friend
Gr33nThum
does.Besides，Gr33nThum
doesn't
do
that
annoying
sound
when
he
talks.Those
people
like
Bob
have
long
been
criticized
for
their
lack
of
necessary
social
skills.Critics
think
people
almost
forget
how
to
naturally
communicate
with
their
neighbors，creating
a
social
network
of
strangers.
However，a
report
entitled“The
Strength
of
Internet
Ties”provides
a
different
opinion.It
suggests
that
the
Internet
helps
develop
social
networks
and
make
use
of
them
when
it
matters
most.
Friends
often
move.As
kids，our
friends'
parents
move
away.As
adults，we
move
away
to
college
or
for
work.Communicative
tools
have
made
losing
touch
the
result
of
laziness，not
distance.“The
larger
and
the
more
diverse(多样的)
a
person's
network
is，the
more
important
e?mail
is，”argues
Jeffrey
Boase，who
co?authored
the
report.“You
can't
make
phone
calls
or
personal
visits
to
all
your
friends
very
often，but
you
can
keep
in
touch
with
them
regularly
with
the
help
of
the
Internet.That
turns
out
to
be
very
important.”
In
addition
to
expanding
and
strengthening
the
social
ties
people
keep
in
the
offline
world，Internet
and
e?mail
provide
a
social
and
informational
support
group
that
helps
people
make
difficult
decisions
and
face
challenges.“Internet
use
provides
online
users
with
a
path
to
resources，such
as
access
to
people
who
may
have
the
right
information
to
help
deal
with
family
health
problems
or
find
a
new
job，”says
John
Horrigan，author
of
the
report.“The
Internet
creates
a
new
basis
for
community.Rather
than
relying
on
a
single
community
for
social
support，people
often
must
actively
seek
out
a
variety
of
appropriate
people
and
resources
for
different
situations，”says
co?author
Barry
Wellman.
【参考范文】
Some
critics
worry
that
cyberspace
will
rob
the
Internet
users
of
necessary
social
skills.(要点1)However，a
report
suggests
that
the
Internet
can
be
of
benefit
to
social
networks.(要点2)It
can
serve
as
a
tool
to
help
people
stay
in
regular
touch
with
friends.(要点3)Besides，it
supplies
people
with
social
and
informational
resources
when
they
are
faced
with
difficult
situations.(要点4)
PAGE
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1
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4
单元尾核心要点回扣
Ⅰ.重点单词
根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词及派生词
1．
n．理论→
adj.理论的
2
vt.删去；删除→
n．删除；删除的部分
3．
n．犯罪；冒犯→
adj.冒犯的；极其讨厌的
4．
v．憎恶→
n．仇恨
5．
vt.评估；估算→
n．估量；评定
6．
adj.时机成熟的；适宜的；熟的→
vt.使成熟
7．
vt.&
vi.商定；谈判→
n．协商；谈判
8．
v．仔细考虑；认为→
adj.体贴的；为他人着想的
9．
vt.使顺利；使光滑→
adv.平滑地
【答案】 1.theory；theoretical 2.delete；deletion 3.offence；offensive 4.hate；hatred 5.assess；assessment 6.ripe；ripen 7.negotiate；negotiation 8.consider；considerate 9.smooth；smoothly
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．
又；也
2．
与……相联系；与……有关
3．
最后；终于
4．
强行闯入
5．
跟上
6．
keep
down
7．
at
all
times
8．
put
into
effect
9．
pay
back
10．
for
example
【答案】 1.as
well 2.relate
to 3.in
the
end
4．break
into 5.keep
up
with... 6.控制；抑制(某物以防止其增长) 7.总是 8.使生效；实施 9.偿还；回报 10.例如；举例来说
Ⅲ.重点句式
根据所给提示补全下列教材原句
1．A
survey
conducted
in
2012
by
the
Computer
Security
Institute，a
private
organization
in
the
USA，showed
that
45.6
per
cent
of
the
351
biggest
companies
and
government
agencies
had
(它们的安全系统崩溃)
in
the
previous
year.
2．
(考虑到那么糟糕的情况)
with
cybercrime
against
companies
has
become，many
people
wonder
why
so
little
is
known
about
this.
3．They
may
interview
people
as
well
to
find
out
(如果有人看到怀疑的东西)
or
was
a
witness
to
the
crime.
4．How
do
you
know
it
was
me？It
(可能是其他任何人)．
【答案】 1.had
their
security
systems
broken
into 2.Considering
how
bad
the
situation 3.if
anyone
saw
something
suspicious 4.could
have
been
anyone
PAGE
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