反义疑问句
It
looks
like
rain,
doesn’t
it?
He
doesn’t
need
to
work
so
late,
does
he?
This
is
a
dictionary,
isn’t
it?
Those
are
shelves,
aren’t
they?
There
once
was
a
man
named
Saint
Nicholas,
wasn’t
there?
I
am
very
interested
in
learning
English,
aren’t
I?
4)陈述句的主语是动词不定式,动词的-ing形式或从句时,疑问部分的主语多用it来体现。如:
Taking
care
of
our
environment
is
very
important,
isn’t
it?
What
he
said
is
right,
isn’t
it?
5)陈述句中含有not,
no,
hardly,
neither,
never,
few,
little,
too
…to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时,疑问部分常用肯定形式。如:
Few
people
knew
the
news,
did
they?
Tom
has
never
been
to
England
,
has
he?
She
is
unhappy,
isn’t
she?
No
one
knows
him,
do
they?
Someone
is
waiting
for
you,
isn’t
he?
Nobody
says
a
word
about
the
accident,
do
they?
Everything
seems
all
right,
doesn’t
it?
7)陈述句是主从复合句时,如果主句的谓语动词是think,
believe,
expect,
feel,
guess等词,且主语是第一人称I或we时,反意疑问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致,同时还要考虑到否定的转移(否定前移)。如:
I
believe
that
the
boy
can
get
a
ticket
for
you,
can’t
he?
I
don't
think
he
is
bright,
is
he?
We
believe
she
can
do
it
better,
can't
she?
若是第二第三人称的话,反义疑问句应该看主句:She
thought
it
is
meaningless,didn't
she?
如果是转述的要注意:He
said
that
you
were
in
hospital,weren't
you?(这里是对着那个you说的)
8)祈使句的反义疑问句中:let's
的要用shall
we;let
us
的要用will
you;其他形式的都用will
you。如:Go
and
get
it
for
me,
won't
you?去帮我取个东西,好吗?
Let's
meet
at
the
airport,
shall
we
?
我们在机场碰头,行不行?
Have
a
little
more
wine,
will
you
?
喝点儿酒,好吗?
9)must的反义疑问句:陈述部分有must
的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
A.must表示“应该”,其疑问部分用mustn't(不应该),如:
You
must
work
hard
next
term,
mustn't
you
?
下学期你应该努力学习,对吗?
B.must表示“必须”,其疑问部分用needn't(不必),如:
They
must
finish
the
work
today,
needn’t
they?
他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?
C.陈述部分含情态动词mustn't,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用must或may,如:
You
mustn’t
stop
your
car
here,
must
you?
(may
we?)你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
D.must表示推测
,其疑问部分必须与must
后面的主要动词相呼应。如:
①对现在动作或存在的情况的推测
:
You
must
know
the
answer
to
the
exercise,
don't
you?
你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是?
That
must
be
your
bed,
isn't
it?
那一定是你的床,是吗?
②对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时疑问部分中的动词就用现在完成时。(haven’t
/
hasn’t
+
主语)
You
must
have
told
her
about
it,
haven’t
you?
你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?
10)have作为动词的反义疑问句:
①have
to
的短语,且只充当一般动词的作用,助动词为do,does,和普通的一般疑问句没有任何差别,提问还是用do,does引导。
We
have
to
finish
it
,don't
we?
②当用have,has做助动词的时候,疑问句才用它们引导,如:
She
has
seen
it,hasn't
she?这里的助动词就是has
③当陈述部分有had
better,或其中的have表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadn’t等开头:
You’d
better
get
up
early,
hadn’t
you?
④其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头;如have表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:do或
have
He
has
two
sisters,doesn't
he?
=He
has
two
sisters,hasn't
he?
He
doesn't
have
any
sisters,
does
he?
⑤当must+have
done表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”;
如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。
She
must
have
read
the
novel
last
week,didn't
she?
她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗?
You
must
have
told
her
about
it,
haven't
you?你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?
11)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用
need
(dare
)
+主语。
We
need
not
do
it
again,
need
we
?
He
dare
not
say
so,
dare
you?
当dare,
need
为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do
+
主语。
She
doesn't
dare
to
go
home
alone,
does
she?
12)感叹句中,疑问部分用be
+主语。
What
colours,
aren't
they?
What
a
smell,
isn't
it?
13)陈述部分由neither…
nor,
either…
or
连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither
you
nor
I
am
engineer,
are
we?
14)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may
+主语。
I
wish
to
have
a
word
with
you,
may
I?
15)
含有ought
to
的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't
/
oughtn't
+主语。
He
ought
to
know
what
to
do,
oughtn't
he?
/
shouldn't
he?
16)
陈述部分的谓语是used
to
时,疑问部分用didn't
+主语或
usedn't
+主语。
He
used
to
take
pictures
there,
didn't
he?
/
usedn't
he?
17)
陈述部分有would
rather
+v.,疑问部分多用
wouldn't
+主语。
He
would
rather
read
it
ten
times
than
recite
it,
wouldn't
he?
18)
陈述部分有You'd
like
to
+v.
疑问部分用wouldn't
+主语。
You'd
like
to
go
with
me,
wouldn't
you?
对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。
例
---He
likes
playing
football,
doesn’t
he?
他喜欢踢足球,是吗?
---Yes,
he
does.
/
No,
he
doesn’t.
是的。/
不是。
---His
sister
didn’t
attend
the
meeting,
did
she?
他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?
---Yes,
she
did.
/
No,
she
didn’t.
不,她参加了。/
是的,她没参加。
反意疑问句的练习
1.
You’d
rather
watch
TV
this
evening,
______?
a.
isn’t
it
b.
hadn’t
you
c.
wouldn’t
you
d.
won’t
you
2.
I
suppose
you’re
not
going
today,
______?
a.
are
you
b.
do
you
c.
don’t
you
d.
aren’t
you
3.
I
wish
to
shake
hands
with
you,
______?
a.
shall
b.
may
I
c.
do
I
d.
will
I
4.
Three
hours
ought
to
be
enough
time,
______?
a.
oughtn’t
three
hours
b.
didn’t
they
c.
shouldn’t
it
d.
shouldn’t
three
hours
5.
They
have
to
study
a
lot,
______?
a.
don’t
they
b.
haven’t
they
c.
did
they
d.
hadn’t
they
6.
When
the
car
crashed,
your
brother
escaped
being
hurt,
______
?
a.
didn’t
he
b.
did
he
c.
did
it
d.
didn’t
it
7.
I'm
sure
dirty,
______?
a.
am
I
b.
isn’t
I
c.
aren’t
I
d.
am
not
I
8.
You
seem
to
be
dissatisfied
with
your
present
post.
I
don’t
think
you
judged
your
ability
objectively
when
you
applied
for
it,
______
you?
a.
do
b.
did
c.
don’t
d.
didn’t
9.
That’s
the
sort
of
the
book
you
want,
______?
a.
is
it
d.
isn’t
that
c.
is
that
d.
isn’t
it
10.
All
these
dictionaries
are
a
great
help
to
you,
______?
a.
are
they
b.
aren’t
they
c.
are
all
these
dictionaries
d.
aren’t
all
these
dictionaries
反意疑问句的用法
核心提示:反意疑问句又称附加疑问句,是疑问句的一种,是初中英语语法的重要知识点之一,通过本文提供的大量例句及反意疑问句特殊用法总结,您将对反意疑问句的基本构成以及结构用法有更进一步的了解。
一.反意疑问句的定义
反意疑问句(The
Disjunctive
Questions
)是疑问句的一种,它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问,形式上是个省略句,附在陈述部分之后,并用逗号与陈述部分隔开(主语一般用相应的代词;有时这种问句并没有反意疑问句的意味,而是提出一个事实上听话人承认的问题。所以,人们统称为附加疑问句(Tag
Questions
)。
附加疑问句主要是由“陈述句
+
附加疑问”构成,附加疑问部分的动词一般要与陈述部分的动词相对应,附加疑问部分的主语要与陈述部分的主语相对应,如果陈述部分的主语是名词词组,则附加疑问部分用相应的代词表示。
二.附加疑问句的类型
附加疑问句的类型为:陈述句
+
反意附加疑问。该类型又可以分为以下两种情况阐述:
①
当陈述句为肯定式时,附加疑问句用否定形式,即肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句。
例句:
It's
very
hot
today,
isn't
it
?
Yes,
it
is
.
今天天气很热,是不是?
是的,很热。
That
clock
is
slow
,isn't
it?
Yes,
it
is.
这钟是缓慢的,不是吗?是的,它是。
You
want
to
get
your
TV
set
back
,
don't
you
?
Yes
,
I
do.
你想您的电视机回来,不是吗?是的,我是这样想的。
②
当陈述句用否定式时,附加疑问句用肯定形式,即否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句。
例句:
It
isn't
very
hot
today,
is
it
?
今天不是很热,是吗?
That
clock
isn't
slow
,is
it
?
这钟不是缓慢的,
是吗?
注意这一类型的附加疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就要用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no,这与汉语不一样,应特别注意。
例句:
She
isn't
a
teacher
,
is
she?
她不是教师,是吗?
Yes
,
she
is.
不,她是。
No,
she
isn't
.是的
,
她不是。
三.附加疑问句的构成
1.当陈述部分的主语是everybody,
everyone
,someone,
no
one,
nobody,
somebody
等指人的合成词时,附加疑问部分的主语在正式语体中通常用he,在非正式文体中则往往用they。
例句
Nobody
likes
to
lose
money
,
does
he?
没有人愿意赔钱,那么他呢?
Everyone
enjoyed
the
party,
didn't
they
/he
?
每个人都很喜欢这个舞会,他们不是吗?
2.当陈述部分的主语是everything
,anything,
something,
nothing
等指物的合成词时,附加疑问部分的主语只能用
it。
例句
Nothing
is
difficult
,
is
it
?
没什么难的事情,不是吗?
Everything
seems
all
right
,
doesn't
it
?
所有的事情都好了,不是吗?
3.当陈述部分是there
引起的句时,附加疑问部分的主语也用there。
例句
There
is
a
boat
on
the
river,
isn't
there?
河上有一只船,
不是吗?
There
stands
a
house
and
a
lot
of
trees
,
doesn't
there?
那有一座房子还有一些树,不是吗?
4.当陈述部分含有seldom
,
hardly,
scarely,
no,
not,never,
rarely,few,
little,
nothing,
nobody
,
nowhere
等否定词或半否定词,附加疑问部分采用肯定形式。
例句
Nobody
phoned
while
I
was
out
,did
they
?
当我在外面的时候没有人来电话,是吗?
Few
people
know
him
,do
they
?
几乎没有人认识他,是吗?
He
has
never
been
to
Beijing
,has
he?
他从来没有去过北京,是吗?
5.当陈述部分含有un-
,in-
,im-,
il-,
ir-,
dis-等否定前缀或less等否定后缀构成的派生词时,附加疑问则用否定形式。
例句
It's
unfair,
isn't
it
?
那不公平,不是吗?
She
dislikes
it
,
doesn't
she?
她不喜欢它,不是吗?
6.当陈述部分含有no
one
,
nobody
,
none
,nothing
,neither等作动词的宾语时,附加疑问部分采用肯定形式。
例句
He
has
nothing
to
say
,does(n't)
he?
他没什么可说的,是吗?
You
got
nothing
from
him,
did(n't)
you?
你从他那什么都没得到,是吗?
四.18种特殊的反意疑问句语法总结
祈使句:祈使句后一般加上will
you
或won't
you
构成反意疑问句,用will
you
多表示“请求”,用won't
you多表示提醒对方注意。
感叹句:感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be
的一般现在时态的否定形式。
当陈述部分谓语动词是need
,
dare,
used
to
且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do
的适当形式。
陈述部分主、谓语是I
am
…
时,反意疑问句用aren’t
I
或ain’t
I,
而不是am
not
I
(可用am
I
not
)。
陈述部分的主语是everything
,nothing,anything
或something时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it
。
陈述部分的主语是everybody,
everyone,
anybody,
anyone,
somebody,
someone
,nobody,
no
one,
none,
neither时,其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they
。
陈述部分的主语是指示代词this
或that
时,反意疑问句的主语用it
,
当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these
或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they
。
陈述部分的主语是不定代词one
时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可以用you
(美式英语用he
)。
当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few,
little,
seldom,
hardly,
never,
not
,
no,
no
one
,
nobody
,nothing
,none,
nether等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。
当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然有否定结构。
含有否定含意的词在陈述部分做动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可用否定结构。
当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing
形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。
当陈述部分含I
think
(believe
,suppose…)that…结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。
have(has)
不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do,
does,
did。
陈述部分有have
to
时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。
陈述部分是there
be
句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there
.
陈述部分有had
better
时,其反意疑问句要用hadn’t.
当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们最好分析一下must的含义。如果must作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn’t或needn’t;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选相应的形式。