Unit
8
Adventure
瞬间刺激的冒险运动有很多，蹦极就是一个不错的选择！为什么那么多人喜欢体验蹦极呢？
Bungee
Jumping
Around
the
world
more
and
more
people
are
taking
part
in
dangerous
sports
and
activities.Of
course，there
have
always
been
people
who
have
looked
for
adventure—those
who
have
climbed
the
highest
mountain，explored
unknown
parts
of
the
world
or
sailed
in
small
boats
across
the
greatest
ocean.Now，however，there
are
people
who
seek
an
immediate
thrill
from
a
risky
activity
which
may
only
last
a
few
minutes
or
even
seconds.
I
would
consider
bungee
jumping
to
be
a
good
example
of
such
an
activity.You
jump
from
a
high
place(perhaps
a
bridge
or
a
hot?air
balloon)200
meters
above
the
ground
with
an
elastic
rope
tied
to
your
ankles.You
fall
at
up
to
150
kilometers
an
hour.
It
is
estimated
that
2
million
people
around
the
world
have
now
tried
bungee
jumping.Other
activities
which
most
people
would
say
are
as
risky
as
bungee
jumping
involve
jumping
from
tall
buildings
and
diving
into
the
sea
from
the
top
of
high
cliffs.
[阅读障碍词]
1．explore
vt.
探索
2．seek
vt.
寻求
3．elastic
adj.
有弹性的
4．estimate
vt.
估计
5．cliff
n.
悬崖
[诱思导读]
阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．More
and
more
people
are
taking
part
in
dangerous
sports
and
activities.(T)
2．People
jump
from
a
high
place
with
an
elastic
rope
tied
to
their
waist.(F)
3．It
is
estimated
that
2
million
people
in
China
have
now
tried
bungee
jumping.(F)
SectionⅠ Reading(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.adventure
A．n.住所，住处
( )2.hike
B．n.地平线
( )3.wild
C．adj.可选择的，非强制的
( )4.extra
D．adj.最大的，最多的
( )5.optional
E．adj.野生的；狂热的
( )6.horizon
F．adj.特别的；额外的
( )7.route
G．v.&n.徒步旅行，远足
( )8.luggage
H．n.行李
( )9.accommodation
I．n.奇遇，冒险的经历
( )10.maximum
J．n.路程，路线
[答案] 1－5 IGEFC 6－10 BJHAD
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.They
visited
some
factories，hospitals
as
well
as
the
school.
( )2.She
watched
open?eyed
as
the
plane
took
off.
( )3.Mick
wants
to
see
you
in
his
office
right
away.
( )4.Crime
has
gone
down
70
percent.
( )5.I
tried
to
think
about
all
the
problems
that
were
ahead
of
me
tomorrow.
[答案] 1—5 DAECB
Adventure
In
The
Himalayas
Just
imagine.You
are
walking
along
a
mountain
path
in
the
Himalayas.You
are
feeling
tired.You
are
thinking
about
how
far
there
is
to
go.Then，suddenly
you
are
there!
And
the
amazing
Mount
Qomolangma
is
on
the
horizon.It
looks
great.A
few
minutes
later，you
arrive
at
the
camp.The
food
cooking
on
the
fire
smells
great
and
while
you
are
having
a
hot
cup
of
tea，you
relax
and
watch
the
sun
go
down.①At
dinner，the
food
tastes
fantastic.You
talk
with
other
people
in
the
group
about
everything
you
have
seen
and
done
during
your
day's
hiking②.If
you
are
looking
for
experiences
like
this，Adventure
2000
is
the
organisation(团体)
for
you.
A
lot
of
hiking
holidays
sound
exciting，but
the
reality
is
often
very
different.Hiking
trips
can
be
uncomfortable(不舒服的)
and
even
dangerous.However，at
Adventure
2000
we
feel
that
we
understand
the
needs
of
hikers.All
our
guides
have
several
years
of
experience
in
leading
hiking
trips
in
the
Himalayas.They
know
all
the
best
routes(路线)
and
best
places
to
camp.We
also
realise
that
hiking
can
be
hard
work
and
believe
that
hikers
need
all
our
help.As
well
as
the
group
guide，all
teams
have
cooks
and
porters(行李搬运工)．While
on
a
hiking
trip③，our
cooks
prepare
delicious
meals.And
our
porters
carry
your
luggage，which
means
that
you
can
simply
enjoy
the
experience④.
喜马拉雅探险
设想一下，你正走在喜马拉雅山的一条山路上，感到疲惫。你正在想还要走多远，然后突然发现自己已经在那儿了！令人惊叹的珠穆朗玛峰就在地平线上，它看起来很壮观。几分钟后，你到达营地。火上烧烤着的食物闻起来非常棒，你喝着一杯热茶，全身放松，欣赏日落。晚饭时，食物尝起来好极了，你和小组内其他成员谈论着在你一天的旅行中所见及所做的一切。如果你正在寻找像这样的经历，“探险2000”是适合你的团体。
很多徒步旅行听起来令人兴奋，但通常事实并非如此。徒步旅行可能会不舒服，甚至会很危险。然而，在“探险2000”中，我们认为我们了解徒步旅行者的需求。我们所有的向导都有多年在喜马拉雅山上带领徒步旅行者旅行的经验。他们熟知所有最佳的路线及最好的宿营地。我们也认识到徒步旅行可能会很艰难，并且确信徒步旅行者需要我们所有的帮助。所有的登山队都配有厨师、搬运工和向导。在徒步旅行过程中，厨师会备好美味的食物。有搬运工为你搬运行李，这意味着你能尽情享受旅行。
[助读讲解] ①and连接两个并列句，第一个分句是主系表结构的简单句，现在分词cooking
on
the
fire作后置定语，修饰The
food；第二个分句含有while引导的时间状语从句。②本句是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。③while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，此句是省略句，省略了主语和be。④which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。
At
Adventure
2000
we
also
think
that
good
travel
arrangements
are
important.We
organise
all
the
flights
for
you：from
London
to
Beijing，from
Beijing
to
Lhasa
and
bus
travel
in
Tibet.
Accommodation
is
in
comfortable
hotels
in
Beijing
and
Lhasa，hostels
on
the
hiking
trip，and
one?or
two?person
tents
for
camping.
There
are
also
special
offers
for
people
who
don't
want
to
go
straight
home
afterwards.If
you
like
history，there
is
a
trip
to
Western
China.For
people
who
prefer
to
spend
some
time
on
the
coast⑤，we
can
organise
your
travel
and
accommodation
too.
This
is
a
Class
A
hike—you
have
to
be
fit.There
are
walks
of
6?8
hours
most
days，with
a
maximum
altitude(海拔)
of
5，545
metres.Class
B
and
C
hikes
are
easier，so
you
don't
need
to
be
so
fit.
The
hike
costs
￡2，500
including
all
flights
and
accommodation⑥.Maximum
group
size
is
15
people.Hikes
are
between
October
and
May.
在“探险2000”中，我们认为恰当的旅行安排也是非常重要的。我们会为你安排所有航班：从伦敦飞往北京，从北京飞往拉萨，以及乘车在西藏旅游。
在北京和拉萨时，食宿均在舒适的宾馆里；旅行途中则住在旅馆里，露营时则备有单双人帐篷。
我们还为那些旅行后不想直接回家的游客提供特殊的服务。如果你喜欢历史，我们有去中国西部的旅行。对于想在海边停留些日子的人，我们也可以为你安排旅程和食宿。
这是A类跋涉旅行——你得身强力壮才行。大多数日子里，你都要在海拔最高为5
545米的高原上步行6至8个小时。B类和C类旅行要容易一点，所以你不一定非得具备那么强健的体魄。
旅行费用为2
500英镑，其中包括所有机票和食宿。每组最多15人。徒步旅行的时间在十月和次年五月之间。
[助读讲解] ⑤who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。⑥including
all
flights
and
accommodation＝all
flights
and
accomodation
included。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P22教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．Difficulty
of
hikes.
2．Para.2
B．Accommodation.
3．Para.3
C．Extra
offers.
4．Para.4
D．Prices
and
dates.
5．Para.5
E．Experiences
of
a
hike.
6．Para.6
F．Flight
arrangements.
7．Para.7
G．Organization
of
hikes.
[答案] 1—7 EGFBCAD
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P22教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Who
do
you
think
writes
the
text?
A．The
hiker.
B．Local
government.
C．The
organiser
of
Adventure
2000.
D．The
guide
near
the
Himalayas.
2．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE?
A．If
you
attend
a
Class
A
hike，you
can
climb
on
the
top
of
the
Mount
Himalayas.
B．You
have
to
live
in
tents
in
Tibet.
C．Adventure
2000
is
a
travelling
program.
D．Climbing
the
Mount
Himalayas
is
cold，so
you'd
better
go
there
in
July.
3．The
main
purpose
of
the
passage
is
．
A．to
make
people
know
more
about
hiking
B．to
tell
people
how
to
choose
travelling
program
C．to
call
on
people
to
attend
Adventure
2000
D．to
tell
people
adventure
in
Himalayas
is
exciting
and
attractive
4．What
information
is
NOT
included
in
the
passage?
A．How
much
you
will
spend.
B．When
you
can
start
your
trip.
C．What
you
should
take
with
you.
D．What
services
you
will
be
offered.
5．This
passage
is
．
A．an
advertisement
B．a
news
report
C．a
story
D．a
novel
[答案] 1－5 CCCCA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P22教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
With
food
1.cooking(cook)
on
the
fire
and
a
hot
cup
of
tea
in
your
hand，you
relax
and
watch
the
sun
go
down
the
2.amazing(amaze)
Mount
Qomolangma.
If
you're
looking
for
experiences
like
this，Adventure
2000
is
3.the
organisation
for
you.We
have
4．experienced(experience)
guides
to
make
sure
the
hiking
trip
is
5.comfortable(comfort)
and
safe.As
well
as
the
group
guide，we
have
cooks
and
porters，6.which
means
that
you
can
simply
enjoy
the
experience.
Good
travel
7.arrangements(arrange)
are
also
important.We
organise
all
the
8.flights(flight)
and
accommodation
for
you.9.If
you
don't
want
to
go
straight
home
afterwards，there're
special
offers
for
you！The
hike
costs
￡2，500
10.including(include)
all
flights
and
accommodation.Maximum
group
size
is
15
people.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
8
Adventure
Section
Ⅱ Language
Points
(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Passengers
are
reminded
not
to
leave
their
luggage(行李)
unattended.
2．The
absolute
altitude(海拔)
of
our
place
is
just
100
metres，which
can
never
compare
with
that
of
the
Tibetan
Plateau.
3．You
may
have
noticed
that
the
sun
on
a
winter's
afternoon
is
low
on
the
horizon(地平线)．
4．Justin
is
writing
a
book
about
his
adventures(奇遇)
in
Tibet.I
hope
he
can
find
a
good
publisher
when
it
is
finished.
5．They
made
maximum(最多的)
use
of
the
resources
available.
6．People
differ
from
one
another
in
their
ability
to
handle
stress.
7．I'm
afraid
we'll
have
to
work
extra
hours，for
there
are
still
some
problems
remaining
to
be
settled.
8．We're
looking
forward
to
the
holidays
when
we'll
be
travelling
on
camels
through
the
Sahara
Desert．
9．The
lack
of
eco?friendly
habits
among
the
public
is
thought
to
be
a
major
cause
of
global
climate
change.
10．The
bad
news
made
us
more
anxious
for
the
matter.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．desert
n．沙漠，荒原→deserted
adj.废弃的；被遗弃的
2．organise
vt.组织；安排→organisation
n．团体，组织，机构
3．comfort
vt.安慰；慰藉→comfortable
adj.舒服的；舒适的→uncomfortable
adj.不舒服的，不自在的
4．accommodate
vt.提供住宿；使适应→accommodation
n．住所，住处
5．anxious
adj.忧虑的，担心的→anxiety
n．担心；焦虑
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．go
down
下降；落下
2．as
well
as
也；和……一样好
3．right
away
立刻；马上
4．feel
anxious
感到焦虑
5．take
off
起飞
6．on
the
horizon
在地平线上
7．look
for
寻找
8．think
about
考虑
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．We
all
need
to
look
for
ways
to
reduce
our
carbon
footprint.
2．You
don't
look
well.You'd
better
go
and
see
a
doctor
right
away．
3．The
plane
is
taking
off．
4．We
can
now
see
the
light
of
dawn
on
the
horizon．
5．The
old
people
as
well
as
the
children
like
this
film.
n.＋?ed→adj.
as＋...＋as→复合短语
bearded 有胡子的mooned
新月形的waisted
腰状的
as
far
as
就……而言；远到……as
long
as
只要；和……一样长as
good
as
和……几乎一样
1．While
on
a
hiking
trip，our
cooks
prepare
delicious
meals.
在徒步旅行过程中，厨师会备好美味的食物。
[记句式结构]状语从句的省略
[仿写促落实]遇到麻烦时，我总是找同学帮忙。
When
(I
am)
in
trouble，I
always
turn
to
my
classmates
for
help.
2．And
our
porters
carry
your
luggage，which
means
that
you
can
simply
enjoy
the
experience.
有搬运工为你搬运行李，这意味着你能尽情享受旅行。
[记句式结构]which引导非限定性定语从句
[仿写促落实]玛丽错过了最后一班公交，这使得她上课迟到。
Mary
missed
the
last
bus，which
let
her
late
for
the
class．
3．The
hike
costs
￡2，500
including
all
flights
and
accommodation.
旅行费用为2
500英镑，其中包括所有机票和食宿。
[记句式结构]现在分词作定语
[仿写促落实]他们修了一条通往山里的公路。
They
built
a
high
way
leading
into
the
mountains.
tiring
adj.令人疲劳的
(教材P21)Yes，but
I
think
that
travelling
around
for
weeks
would
be
quite
tiring.
是的，但我想四处旅行数个星期会很疲劳。
(1)tire
v．
使疲倦；使厌烦
tire
sb.out
使某人累极了
(2)tired
adj.
累的，疲倦的；厌烦的
be
tired
out
感到累极了
be
tired
of
厌烦……
be
tired
with/from
因……而累
①My
eyes
were
tired
from
reading
in
a
poor
light.
因在不良的光线下阅读，我的眼睛很疲劳。
②I
am
not
really
tired
of
being
a
teacher，but
I
am
actually
tired
from
it.
我不厌烦当老师，但是当老师确实使我很累。
as
well
as
不但……而且……；和……一样；又，也
(教材P22)As
well
as
the
group
guide，all
teams
have
cooks
and
porters.
所有的登山队都配有厨师、搬运工和向导。
(1)as
well
as是并列连词，意为“不仅……而且……，既……又……”，用于连接两个并列的成分。
(2)A
as
well
as
B的意思是“不但B，而且A”，其重点在前者，而不是在后者；而not
only
A
but
also
B则强调后者，意为“不但A，而且B”。
(3)as
well
as连接两个动词不定式时如果第一个带to，第二个就不带to。
(4)as
well
as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与前面的那个名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
①He
can
speak
English
as
well
as
I
do.
他说英语说得和我一样好。
②He
gave
me
not
only
advice
but
also
some
books.
他不仅给我提了些建议，而且还给了我一些书。
③The
teacher，as
well
as
the
students，has
seen(see)
the
film.
老师，还有学生都看过这部电影。
prefer
vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
(教材P22)For
people
who
prefer
to
spend
some
time
on
the
coast，we
can
organise
your
travel
and
accommodation
too.
对于想在海边停留些日子的人，我们也可以为你安排旅程和食宿。
prefer
doing/to
do
sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer(doing)A
to(doing)B 比起(做)B更喜欢(做)A
prefer
to
do
A
rather
than(to)do
B
宁愿做A也不做B(rather
than位于句首时，其后的to必须去掉)
prefer
sb.to
do
sth.
宁愿某人做某事
prefer
that...
宁愿……(从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省去)
①Most
people
prefer
trains
to
buses.
大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐公共汽车。
②I
prefer
writing
a
term
paper
to
taking(take)
an
examination.
我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。
③He
prefers
to
rent(rent)
one
rather
than(to)buy
a
car
of
his
own.(＝Rather
than
buy
a
car
of
his
own，he
prefers
to
rent
one.)
他宁愿租一辆车，也不愿买一辆属于自己的。
[名师点津]
英语表达中还有很多固定的结构表示“喜欢”、“宁愿……也不……”，如would
like
to
do...，feel
like(doing)sth.，would
do...rather
than
do...(＝would
rather
do...than
do...)等。
differ
vi.不同；相异
(教材P23)How
do
the
tourists
differ
from
local
people?
旅行的人和当地的人有什么不同？
(1)differ
from 不同于；和……不同
differ
in 在……方面不同
(2)difference
n.
不同；区别
make
a
difference 有差别，有影响
tell
the
difference
between
A
and
B
分清A和B
(3)different
adj.
不同的
be
different
from...in...
在……方面与……不同
①The
specific
expression
of
anger
also
differs
from
person
to
person
based
on
biological
and
cultural
forces.
基于生物和文化的影响，愤怒的特定表情也因人而异。
②They
differ
widely
in
their
opinions.
他们的意见分歧很大。
③There
are
many
differences(differ)between
living
in
the
city
and
living
in
the
country.
住在城市和住在乡下有很多不同之处。
anxious
adj.不安的；渴望的(非正式)；使人焦虑或担心的
(教材P23)From
that
moment
they
started
to
feel
anxious
and
they
slept
badly
that
night.
从那时起，他们开始感到担心，并且那天晚上他们睡得很不好。
(1)be
anxious
about 为……担心/忧虑
be
anxious
for
sth.
渴望某事
be
anxious
to
do
sth.
渴望做某事
be
anxious
for
sb.to
do
sth.
渴望某人做某事
be
anxious
that
sb.(should)do
sth.
渴望某人做某事
(2)anxiety
n.
忧虑，担忧
with
anxiety 焦虑地
①Jack
still
can't
help
being
anxious
about
his
job
interview.
杰克还是不由自主地担心他的工作面试。
②Peggy
is
anxious
to
show(show)
that
she
can
cope
with
extra
responsibility.
佩吉急切地想表明她能承担额外的责任。
③He
was
anxious
that
they
(should)
have(have)
all
they
want.
他渴望他们拥有所有想要的东西。
[语境助记]
My
daughter
studies
very
hard，because
she
is
anxious
to
go
to
college.But
she
is
anxious
about
not
passing
the
entrance
exam.I
am
really
anxious
that
she
should
get
rid
of
anxiety.
我的女儿学习很努力，因为她渴望上大学。但她又担心不能通过大学入学考试。我真希望她能够消除忧虑。
take
off
起飞；脱下(衣服)；休息；移去；休假；受欢迎等
(教材P116)I've
been
on
planes
lots
of
times
and
it
always
feels
great，especially
when
you
take
off!
我曾经坐过很多次飞机，那种感觉好极了，特别是在起飞的时候！
写出下列句子中take
off的含义
①He
took
off
at
once
and
headed
for
the
hotel.匆匆离去；走开
②They
took
off
their
hats
to
show
their
respect
for
the
volunteers.脱下；摘掉
③She
took
two
days
off
(work)．休假；请假
④On
a
clear
day
we
can
distinguish
the
letters
on
the
airlines
as
they
take
off.起飞
take
down 写下；拆除
take
over
接替；接收
take
after
与……相像
take
away
带走；拿走
take
back
带回；收回
take
in
吸收；留宿；欺骗；领会
take
up
学着做，开始做；占用；继续
take
on
呈现；反抗
⑤In
his
easy?going
character，Tom
seems
to
take
after
his
father.
汤姆随和的性格看起来像他的父亲。
⑥Please
take
away
all
the
things
you
do
not
need
any
more.请把所有你不再需要的东西拿走。
major
adj.较重要的；较严重的
(教材P116)The
presenter
went
round
the
world
visiting
all
the
major
capitals.
节目主持人走遍世界参观了所有的重要的首都。
(1)major
vi. 主修；专攻
n.
主修课程；专业学生；成年人
major
in...
主修；专攻……
major
on...
专门研究
(2)majority
n.
大多数
in
the
majority 占多数
①I
decided
to
major
in
French.
我决定主修法语。
②He
believes
that
his
supporters
are
in
the
majority.
他相信支持他的人占多数。
(教材P22)While
on
a
hiking
trip，our
cooks
prepare
delicious
meals.
在徒步旅行过程中，厨师会备好美味的食物。
【要点提炼】 While
on
a
hiking
trip为状语从句的省略。
在when，while，unless，if等引导的状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且谓语含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语及be动词。
常见的结构：
(1)连词＋＋主句
(2)在if
it
is
possible，when
it
is
necessary等类似结构中，it
is常可省略。
①If
(it
is)
possible，I
would
change
my
lifestyle.
如果可能的话，我将会改变我的生活方式。
②You
must
attend
the
meeting
unless
inconvenient(convenient)
to
you.
除非情况对你来说不方便，否则你必须出席这次会议。
③If
accepted(accept)
for
the
job，you'll
be
informed
soon.
如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你将会很快接到通知。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．E?mail，as
well
as
telephones，is
playing(play)
an
important
part
in
daily
communication.
2．In
that
school，English
is
compulsory
(必修的)
for
all
students，but
French
and
Russian
are
optional(option)．
3．He
fell
asleep
while
studying(study)
his
grammar.
4．He
had
no
option
but
to
go(go)
out.
5．The
accident
happened
when
his
writing
career
really
took
off．
6．—Why
were
you
so
late?
—I
had
a
hard
time
hiking(hike)
here
this
morning.
7．While
he
was
in
the
office
he
preferred
doing
something
to
doing
nothing.
8．Old
English
differs
from
the
English
we
speak
now.
9．The
accommodation(accommodate)
in
the
town
is
satisfactory.
10．When
he
was
deeply
absorbed
in
work，which
he
often
was，he
would
forget
all
about
eating
and
sleeping.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Mr.Lee
said
he
would
major
on
history.on→in
2．I
am
always
tiring
when
I
come
home
from
work.tiring→tired
3．He
as
well
as
I
am
satisfied
with
the
result.am→is
4．He
was
anxious
that
she
could
meet
his
family.could→should
5．He
prefers
to
stay
at
home
rather
than
going
to
the
movies.going→go
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．While
waiting，I
was
reading
some
magazines.
我一边看杂志，一边等。
2．The
first
time
I
traveled
by
air，I
felt
anxious．
第一次乘坐飞机，我感觉有些紧张。(anxious)
3．He
said
that
he
had
never
seen
her
before，which
was
not
true．
他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
4．The
captain
as
well
as
the
other
players
was
too
tired．
队长和其他队员都很累。
5．Both
sides
were
anxious
that
the
agreement
should
be
signed
as
quickly
as
possible.
双方都渴望能尽快签署协议。
动词
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.You
are
thinking
about
how
far
there
is
to
go.2.It
looks
great.3.A
few
minutes
later，you
arrive
at
the
camp.4.They
know
all
the
best
routes
and
best
places
to
camp.5.We
also
think
that
good
travel
arrangements
are
important.6.While
on
a
hiking
trip，our
cooks
prepare
delicious
meals.
1.例句1中的think用于进行时态，为动作动词；例句5中的think表达心理和情感的变化，为状态动词。2.例句2中的look表示感官感觉的动作，为状态动词。例句3中的arrive和例句6中的prepare表示动作活动，为动作动词。
英语动词按其是否可以用于进行时态的语义特征，分为动作动词和状态动词。大部分的动词是表示动作的，可以用于进行时态。有一些动词是表示状态的，不能用于进行时态。还有不少动词，兼有动作与状态两种特性，而其含义是不同的。
一、动作动词
1．延续性动词
表示延续性动作的动词有work，drink，eat，read，write，walk，run，play，talk，carry，fly，watch
等，该类动词用一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的动作；用现在进行时表示目前或者现在正在进行的动作。
He
reads
English
in
the
garden
at
5：30
every
morning.
他每天早晨5点半都在花园里读英语。
He
is
watching
a
football
match
on
TV.
他正在看电视上的足球赛。
2．非延续性动词
表示短暂性动作的动词有break，open，close，join，jump，hit，knock
等，该类动词用非进行时态表示一次动作；若用进行时态则表示此短暂动作的多次重复。短暂性动词又称非延续性动词，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。
She
jumped
up
into
the
chair.
她跳起来坐到椅子上。
Listen！Someone
is
knocking
at
the
front
door.
听！有人在敲前门。
3．表示转变或移动的动词
表示转变或移动的动词有arrive，change，come，go，leave，start，land
等，该类动词用一般现在时表示按时间表或者日程安排的将来；用现在进行时表示按计划、打算的将来。
The
train
leaves
at
nine.火车9点离开。
My
uncle
is
coming.我舅舅就要来了。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①He
always
takes(take)
a
walk
after
supper.
②The
coat
matches(match)
the
dress.
③I
am
leaving(leave)
tonight.I've
got
my
ticket.
二、状态动词
状态动词表示非活动性的静止状态，不用于进行时态。但有些状态动词如果转义成为动作动词，又可以用于进行时态。状态动词还可分为：
1．表示感觉、感知的动词
表示感觉、感知的动词有
feel，see，taste，smell，hear，sound，seem
等。
The
old
man
doesn't
hear
very
well.
那位老人听觉不太好。
The
meat
tastes
delicious.这肉味道真好。
2．表示心理状态、喜好的动词
表示心理状态、喜好的动词有understand，think，suppose，believe，know，want，forget，remember，hate，admire，fear，care，like，prefer，regret，hope，object
等。
He
does
not
believe
in
Howard's
honesty.
他不相信霍华德为人真诚。
I
think
it
would
make
her
feel
better.
我想它会使她觉得好受些。
3．表示拥有或者所属等关系的动词或动词词组
表示拥有或者所属等关系的动词或动词词组有belong
to，consist
of，contain，cost，include，involve，lack，have，matter，need，want，possess，measure
等。
The
islands
belong
to
Spain.
这些岛屿隶属西班牙。
The
team
consists
of
10
members.
这个小组由10名成员组成。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①The
cloth
feels(feel)
good，but
it
washes(wash)
well.
②I
own
this
company，so
it
belongs(belong)
to
me.
三、动作动词与状态动词的区别
1．动作动词可用于进行时态，而状态动词却不可。这是这两种动词最根本的区别。
John
is
writing
to
his
father.
约翰正在给他的父亲写信。
John
resembles
his
father.约翰长得像他的父亲。
[名师点津]
有些动词可兼作两类动词，但意思不同，如动词hold的句子主语是人，作“握住、举行”讲，是个动作动词；句子主语是处所，则作“容纳”讲，是个状态动词。
The
top
leaders
of
the
two
countries
are
holding
talks
in
a
friendly
atmosphere.
这两个国家的最高领导人正在友好的氛围中进行会谈。
The
concert
hall
can
hold
2，000
people.
这个音乐厅可容纳2
000人。
2．有些状态动词可以充当动作动词，用于进行时态，表示委婉的口气。
I'm
wondering
if
you
can
tell
me
the
password.
我不知你可否告诉我密码是什么。
3．在现代英语中，有越来越多地使用进行时态的趋势，包括状态动词用于进行时态，表示“惊讶、责备、抱怨、批评”等感彩。
Why
are
you
always
complaining？你怎么总是抱怨？
4．动作动词大多可用于祈使句，状态动词则不可。
Keep
the
house
clean
and
tidy！保持房子整齐清洁！
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Look
at
the
plane!
How
high
it
is
flying(fly)!
2．This
book
includes(include)
10
chapters.
3．The
girl
saw(see)
a
black
dog
beside
the
door
when
she
arrived
at
her
uncle's.
4．It
was
snowing(snow)
when
we
got
on
the
train.
5．On
Monday
mornings
it
usually
takes(take)
me
an
hour
to
drive
to
work
although
the
actual
distance
is
only
20
miles.
6．Hurry
up，kids!
The
school
bus
is
waiting(wait)
for
us!
7．The
house
he
is
living
in
belongs(belong)
to
his
brother.
8．This
bike
costs(cost)
him
200
dollars.
9．It
seems(seem)
that
you
are
right
in
some
ways.
10．Jane
has
been
married
to(marry)
Harry
for
a
long
time.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Just
as
I
got
to
the
school
gate，I
realized
I
have
left
my
book
in
the
cafe.
have→had
2．You'd
better
write
down
her
phone
number
before
you
forgets
it.
forgets→forget
3．We
were
left
very
early
so
we
packed
the
night
before.
left→leaving
4．A
Midsummer
Night's
Dream
opened
at
the
Theatre
Royal
on
19th
June
and
then
tours
throughout
Scotland.
opened→opens
5．Food
supplies
in
the
flood?stricken
area
are
running
out
of.We
must
act
immediately
before
there's
none
left.去掉of
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
8
Adventure
Section
Ⅲ Reading(Ⅱ)
(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.extreme
A．n.燃料
( )2.exactly
B．n.量，数量
( )3.risk
C．vt.使困惑
( )4.various
D．n.口述；听写
( )5.flow
E．n.陈述
( )6.dull
F．vt.冒……的危险
( )7.amaze
G．adj.暗淡的；迟钝的
( )8.confuse
H．adv.确切地，精确地
( )9.dictation
I．vi.流动，涌出
( )10.statement
J．vt.使惊愕(惊奇)
( )11.quantity
K．adj.极度的，极端的
( )12.fuel
L．adj.不同的，各种各样的
[答案] 1—5 KHFLI 6—10 GJCDE
11—12 BA
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.Love
is
something
we
can
get
across
without
words.
( )2.How
can
you
stand
by
and
watch
the
country
go
to
ruin?
( )3.Everything
seemed
quite
regular
when
the
fire
broke
out.
( )4.He
has
not
turned
up
ever
since
we
lent
him
money.
( )5.He
asked
each
of
them
in
turn
three
questions.
[答案] 1—5 DCEAB
Marco
Polo
and
His
Travels
Marco
Polo
was
born
in
Italy
in
1254.When
he
was
17
years
old，he
travelled
across
Europe
and
Asia
with
his
father，who
wanted
to
do
trade
with
the
Chinese.①Eventually(最终)，they
arrived
in
Beijing.At
that
time，China
was
ruled
by
the
Yuan
Dynasty
Emperor(皇帝)，Kublai
Khan.
Kublai
Khan
welcomed
Marco
and
his
father.He
was
very
happy
to
meet
two
foreigners
and
wanted
to
learn
all
about
Europe.Marco
and
his
father
were
guests
at
the
Emperor's
Palace.Although
Marco
was
young，he
was
very
clever
and
could
already
speak
four
languages.The
Emperor
was
impressed
by
him
and
they
became
friends.He
asked
Marco
to
serve
in
his
court
and
sent
him
to
do
many
important
tasks
across
the
country.
Marco，in
turn②，was
amazed
by
how
beautiful
and
powerful
China
was.He
was
very
impressed
by
Beijing
and
the
Emperor's
Palace，especially
the
Summer
Palace
which
he
described
as
“The
greatest
palace
that
ever
was...③The
walls
were
covered
in
gold
and
silver
and
the
Hall
was
so
large
it
could
easily
seat
6，000
people
for
dinner④.”
马可·波罗和他的旅行
马可·波罗于1254年出生于意大利。他17岁的时候，和想同中国人做生意的父亲一起穿越欧亚大陆。最后，他们到达了北京。那时元朝的元世祖忽必烈正统治着中国。
元世祖忽必烈欢迎马可父子的到来。他很高兴见到两位外国人，并想向他们了解欧洲的一切。马可和他的父亲成了皇宫的客人。尽管马可很年轻，但他非常聪明，并且已经会讲四种语言。他给皇帝留下了深刻的好印象，并且他们成为了朋友。皇帝让马可在朝中任职，并派他到全国各地完成多项重要的任务。
马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。北京和皇宫给他留下了非常深刻的印象，尤其是夏宫，他描述道：“(它是)迄今最伟大的宫殿……它的墙上镀有金银，宫殿大得可以轻易地容纳6
000人进餐。”
[助读讲解] ①when引导时间状语从句；who引导定语从句修饰先行词his
father。②in
turn相应地；反过来。③which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
Summer
Palace，that引导定语从句修饰The
greatest
palace。④此处是省略了that引导的结果状语从句。
There
were
inventions
and
developments
in
China
which
were
not
available
in
Europe
at
that
time⑤.Marco
was
surprised
to
see
Chinese
people
using
paper
money
in
the
markets.In
Europe，people
paid
for
goods
with
gold
or
silver.He
could
not
understand
how
people
could
pay
for
food
and
valuable
things
with
paper!
He
was
also
confused
by
the
black
stones
people
used
to
burn
for
fuel⑥.The
black
stones
were
coal，but
Marco
had
never
seen
coal
before!
In
1291，after
17
years
of
service
to
the
Emperor，Marco
returned
to
Italy.He
was
now
a
very
wealthy(富有的)
man.Not
long
after
his
return，a
local(当地的)
war
broke
out
near
his
town.During
the
war，Marco
was
the
captain
of
a
warship
but
was
caught
by
the
enemy
and
put
into
prison.However，Marco
was
lucky
enough
to
meet
another
prisoner
who
enjoyed
listening
to
his
stories
about
China.The
prisoner
was
an
author
and
he
took
dictation
while
Marco
told
all
his
stories
to
him⑦.The
prisoner
then
wrote
the
stories
in
a
book
called
The
Description
of
the
World，which
became
one
of
the
best?selling
books
in
Europe⑧.
Although
people
enjoyed
reading
his
book，many
of
them
thought
that
Marco's
stories
about
China
were
too
fantastic
to
be
true.But
Marco
always
stood
by
his
tales.Just
before
he
died，aged⑨
70，Marco
was
asked
the
question，“Was
it
all
true？”，to
which
he
replied，“I
have
only
told
a
half
of
what
I
saw！”
那时，中国的许多发明和发展都是欧洲没有的。马可惊奇地发现中国市场上流通的是纸币，在欧洲，人们用金银购买商品。他不明白人们怎么可以用纸来购买食物和值钱的东西！他也对人们用黑色的石头作燃料感到困惑。这种黑色的石头是煤，但马可过去从没有见过煤！
1291年，在为皇帝效力17年后，马可返回了意大利。那时，他已经很富有了。他返回之后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。在战争期间，马可是一艘军舰的舰长，但他被敌人俘虏并被送入了监狱。然而，马可是足够幸运的，他遇到了另一个喜欢听他讲关于中国的故事的囚徒。那个囚徒是位作家，马可把自己所有的故事讲给他听时，他记录了下来。之后那个囚徒把这些故事写成了《马可·波罗游记》，这本书成为(当时)欧洲的畅销书之一。
虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。但马可总是坚持他所讲的故事是真的。马可在70岁时去世，临终前，有人问他：“你所讲的都是真的吗？”马可答道：“我讲的只是我所看到的一半！”
[助读讲解] ⑤which引导定语从句修饰先行词inventions
and
developments。⑥people
used
to
burn
for
fuel是定语从句，省略了关系代词that或which。⑦while引导时间状语从句。⑧called...作定语，修饰book；which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词The
Description
of
the
World。⑨aged
adj.……岁。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P26教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．Marco
Polo's
early
life.
2．Para.2
B．Marco
returned
to
Italy.
3．Para.3
C．Inventions
and
developments
in
China.
4．Para.4
D．Kublai
Khan
welcomed
Marco.
5．Para.5
E．Marco
was
amazed
at
China.
6．Para.6
F．People's
reaction
to
Marco's
stories.
[答案] 1—6 ADECBF
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P26教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Marco
was
sent
to
do
many
important
tasks
．
A．because
he
was
Kublai
Khan's
friend
B．so
that
he
could
learn
to
speak
more
languages
C．and
then
he
gave
Kublai
Khan
a
good
impression
D．because
he
was
clever
enough
to
be
an
official
2．What
hadn't
Marco
seen
before
he
came
to
China?
A．Gold.
B．Large
halls.
C．Paper
money.
D．Silver.
3．
seemed
strange
to
Marco.
A．That
the
Hall
could
be
large
enough
to
seat
6，000
people
B．That
people
paid
for
goods
with
gold
and
silver
C．That
people
used
something
he
didn't
know
to
burn
for
fuel
D．That
the
Summer
Palace
could
be
so
beautiful
4．After
leaving
China，Marco
．
A.
became
a
poor
man
B．fought
in
a
war
C．declared
a
war
D．joined
the
army
and
became
a
soldier
5．By
saying
“I
have
only
told
a
half
of
what
I
saw！”，Marco
meant
．
A．he
could
only
remember
half
of
what
he
saw
B．he
didn't
want
to
tell
people
the
whole
truth
about
China
C．he
wanted
to
keep
another
half
of
what
he
saw
a
secret
D．what
he
told
in
the
book
was
really
true
[答案] 1－5 DCCBD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P26教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Marco
travelled
across
Europe
and
Asia
with
his
father，1.who
wanted
to
do
trade
2.with
the
Chinese.The
Emperor
3.was
impressed(impress)
by
Marco's
4．cleverness(clever)
and
they
became
friends.Marco
was
5.amazed(amaze)
by
how
beautiful
and
6.powerful(power)
China
was.Marco
was
surprised
at
Chinese
7．inventions(invent)
and
developments.Marco
was
put
into
prison
when
he
returned
to
Italy.The
prisoner
who
enjoyed
8.listening(listen)to
his
stories
about
China，wrote
a
book
9.called(call)
The
Description
of
The
World.People
enjoyed
his
book
10.but
some
didn't
believe
his
stories
about
China.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
8
Adventure
Section
Ⅳ Language
Points(Ⅱ)(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．We
would
experience
extreme(极度的)
weather
if
the
glaciers
in
the
Poles
melted.
2．It's
here
that
the
rivers
flow(流淌)
down
into
the
ocean.
3．After
the
police
looked
at
the
picture，he
was
amazed(吃惊的)
to
find
that
the
big
cat
turned
out
to
be
a
puma.
4．After
years
of
goods(货物)
getting
cheaper，consumers
may
have
to
start
getting
used
to
everyday
higher
prices.
5．It
strikes
me
that
what
they
lack
in
quantity(数量)，they
make
up
in
quality.
6．I'm
worried
about
him.He
hasn't
yet
understood
that
all
work
and
no
play
makes
Jack
a
dull
boy.
7．No
nation，however
large
or
small，wealthy
or
poor，can
escape
the
impact
of
climate
change.
8．The
more
we
find
out
about
the
universe，the
more
confused
we
seem
to
become.
9．He
is
the
author
of
three
books
on
art.
10．Young
people
enjoy
ball
games，while
older
people
like
jogging
and
mountain?climbing.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．similar
adj.相似的；类似的→similarity
n．相似性，类似性
2．excite
vt.使兴奋；使激动→excited
adj.兴奋的；感到激动的→exciting
adj.令人兴奋的；使人激动的→excitement
n．兴奋，激动
3．vary
vi.改变；变化→various
adj.不同的，各种各样的→variety
n．种类；多样化
4．equip
vt.装备；具备→equipment
n．配备，设备
5．prefer
vt.宁可；较喜欢→preference
n．较喜欢的东西，偏爱
6．amaze
vt.使惊愕(惊奇)→amazed
adj.吃惊的；惊愕的→amazing
adj.令人惊异的→amazement
n．惊讶；惊异
7．confuse
vt.使困惑→confused
adj.迷惑的；混乱的→confusing
adj.使人困惑的；令人费解的→confusion
n．混淆；混乱
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．in
order
to
目的是，以便
2．upside
down
颠倒地，倒置地
3．turn
up
出现，到场
4．in
turn
轮流
5．get
across
使理解(某事)
6．break
out
发生；爆发
7．stand
by
坚持(某种说法)
8．back
out
决定不履行(允诺的事)
9．put...into
prison
把……关进监狱
10．do
trade
with
与……做生意
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．There
has
not
been
much
publicity
about
this
activity，therefore
few
people
turned
up
in
the
hall
yesterday.
2．Even
when
it
rains
the
sloth(树懒)
hangs
upside
down
in
the
tree.
3．I
had
created
a
way
to
get
my
message
across
by
using
as
few
words
as
possible.
4．He
has
decided
not
to
play
football
in
order
to
focus
on
his
schoolwork.
5．He
agreed
to
help
but
backed
out
when
he
found
how
difficult
it
was.
v.＋?ence→n.
v.＋out→复合短语
difference
差异；不同；争执existence
存在，实在
presence
存在；出席
stand
out
引人注目；杰出，出色turn
out
关掉(收音机等)；生产，制造；驱逐wipe
out
彻底摧毁，消灭
1.
When
I
turned
up
for
my
first
jump
I
was
so
nervous
that
I
tried
to
back
out，but
my
friends
persuaded
me
to
go
through
with
it.
我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我。
[记句式结构]so...that...如此……以至于……
[仿写促落实]当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。
When
the
football
fans
saw
Beckham，they
got
so
excited
that
they
cried
out．
2.
But
it
is
worth
waiting
for.
但这是很值得的。
[记句式结构]be
worth
doing...值得做……
[仿写促落实]他决定去瞧瞧那座房子，看是否值得买下。
He's
decided
to
get
a
look
at
the
house
and
see
if
it
might
be
worth
buying．
3.
Although
people
enjoyed
reading
his
book，many
of
them
thought
that
Marco's
stories
about
China
were
too
fantastic
to
be
true.
虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。
[记句式结构]too...to...太……而不能
[仿写促落实]冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。
The
ice
is
too
thin
to
bear
your
weight.
in
order
to
目的是，以便
(教材P24)People
do
extreme
sports
in
order
to
feel
excited.
人们做极限运动是为了感到兴奋。
(1)in
order
to和so
as
to跟动词原形，此时不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。一般情况下，so
as
to结构不放在句首。
(2)so
that和in
order
that常与情态动词can，could，may，might，will，would连用，引导目的状语从句。so
that和in
order
that引导目的状语从句时，如果主句主语与从句主语一致，也可以换成so
as
to
do/in
order
to
do或to
do。so
that
还可引导结果状语从句，写法上可以是so...that...，表“如此……以致……”。
①I'm
making
a
note
of
it
in
order
not
to
forget
it.
为了记住，我正在把它记下来。
②He
lit
a
cigarette
so
as
to
calm(calm)
his
mind.
他点燃一支香烟，镇定一下情绪。
③We
shall
make
you
know
the
details
in
order
that
you
can
make
your
arrangements.
我们会让你知道详情，以便你们能够做出安排。
similarity
n．相似性；类似性
(教材P24)Snowboarding
has
similarities
with
surfing.
单板滑雪和冲浪运动有相似性。
(1)A
be
similar
to
B A与B相似
A
be
the
same
as
B
A与B相同
A
be
different
from
B
A与B不同
(2)similarity
between...
……之间的相似处
similarity
in
在某方面相似
①The
two
boys
look
very
similar.
这两个男孩看上去很相似。
②My
problems
are
very
similar
to
yours.
我的问题和你的差不多。
turn
up
出现；到场；开大；调高音量
(教材P25)When
I
turned
up
for
my
first
jump
I
was
so
nervous
that
I
tried
to
back
out，but
my
friends
persuaded
me
to
go
through
with
it.
我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我。
turn
around/round 转身
turn
down
调小；拒绝
turn
out
证明是；结果是
turn
to
转向；求助于，查阅
turn
over
翻转；移交
turn
on/off 打开/关闭(开关)
turn
in
上交
turn
into
变成
①I
thanked
him
for
the
offer
but
turned
it
down.
我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了他。
②It
turned
out
that
she
was
a
friend
of
my
sister.
她原来是我姐姐的朋友。
[语境助记]
She
turned
over
and
went
to
sleep
again.Then
her
mother
turned
round
to
turn
down
the
TV.
她翻了个身又睡着了。然后她的妈妈转身关小电视的音量。
get
across(使)理解(某事)
(教材P25)It's
difficult
to
get
across
how
exciting
it
is!
很难理解这会有多刺激！
get
about 四处走动
get
around
传播
get
through
接通电话；通过(考试)
get
off
下车
get
along
with
相处，进展
get
down
to(doing)
开始认真做
get
in
收获，抵达
get
over
克服
①How
are
you
getting
along
with
your
spoken
report?
你的口头报告准备得怎么样了？
②News
soon
got
around
that
he
had
resigned.
他辞职的消息很快传开了。
③I
tried
to
telephone
you
but
couldn't
get
through．
我设法给你打电话，但打不通。
[名师点津]
get
across作“被理解”讲时，无被动形式。
(教材P26)Marco，in
turn，was
amazed
by
how
beautiful
and
powerful
China
was.
马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。
(1)in
turn轮流，依次；反过来
take
turns
to
do
sth./(at)doing
sth.轮流做某事
It's
one's
turn
to
do
sth.
轮到某人做某事
take
one's
turn
依次，轮到某人
by
turns
轮流，依次
①It's
your
turn
to
recite(recite)
the
passage.
轮到你背诵这篇课文了。
②We
take
turns
to
make(make)
dinner.
＝We
make
dinner
by
turns.我们轮流做饭。
[名师点津]
(1)in
turn表示“轮流；反过来”，而in
return
(for)则表示“作为(对……)回报”。
(2)by
turns和take
turns中的turn用复数形式。
(2)amaze
vt.使惊愕(惊奇)
(1)amazing
adj. 令人惊异的
(2)amazed
adj.
感到惊奇的
(3)amazement
n.
惊奇；惊诧
to
one's
amazement
令某人惊奇的是
in
amazement＝with
amazement
惊讶地
①It
was
one
of
the
most
amazing
films
I've
ever
seen.
这是我看过的最精彩的电影之一。
②I
was
amazed(amaze)
at
his
speed
of
working.
他办事之麻利让我深感叹服。
③I
was
expressing
some
amazement(amaze)
and
wonder
at
her
good
fortune.
我对她的好运既惊奇又感叹。
[语境助记]
To
my
amazement，they
seemed
amazed
at
the
amazing
news，and
looked
at
me
in
amazement.
令我惊奇的是，他们似乎对这个令人惊异的故事感到惊奇，他们惊讶地看着我。
confuse
vt.使困惑
(教材P26)He
was
also
confused
by
the
black
stones
people
used
to
burn
for
fuel.
他也对人们用黑色的石头作燃料感到困惑。
confuse
A
with/and
B 把A和B相混淆
confused
adj.
困惑的，不解的
be
confused
by...
对……感到困惑
be
confused
about
sth.
对某事到困惑
confusing
adj.
令人困惑的
confusion
n.
困惑，不解
in
confusion
困惑地，迷茫地
①It's
wrong
to
confuse
wealth
with
happiness.
把财富和幸福混为一谈是错误的。
②The
instructions
on
the
box
are
very
confusing(confuse)．
盒子上的说明让人不解。
③I
am
still
confused
about
the
reason
why
they
did
so.
我还是对他们为什么这样做感到迷惑不解。
[语境助记]
The
confusing
question
made
him
confused
and
he
looked
at
me
in
confusion.
这个令人困惑的问题使他很困惑，他迷茫地看着我。
break
out
(坏事)突然发生；爆发
(教材P26)Not
long
after
his
return，a
local
war
broke
out
near
his
town.
他返回之后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。
break
in 强行闯入；打断
break
up
破碎；解散；分手
break
down
出故障；垮掉
break
through
突破；冲破
①Your
health
will
break
down
if
you
work
too
hard.
太劳累的话，你的身体会垮的。
②He
broke
in
with
some
ideas
of
his
own.
他插嘴讲了自己的一些想法。
quantity
n．数量；量
(教材P27)He
went
to
a
city
where
iron
was
produced
in
huge
quantities.
他来到一个大量生产钢铁的城市。
quantity
and
quality 数量和质量
a
large/small
quantity
of
大/少量的
quantities
of
大量，许多的
in
quantity/quantities
大量地，很多
①A
large/vast
quantity
of
beer
was
sold.
大量的啤酒被售出了。
②Quantities
of
food
were(be)
spread
out
on
the
table.
许多食品被摊放在桌子上。
[名师点津] quantity的单复数
“a
quantity
of＋n.”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与of后面的名词在数上保持一致。而(large)
quantities
of修饰的无论是可数(单数或复数)还是不可数名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。
risk
vt.冒……的危险
n．危险
(教材P116)What
makes
people
risk
their
lives
to
do
them？是什么让人们冒着生命危险去从事这些活动呢？
(1)risk
doing... 冒险做……
risk
one's
health/life
以健康做赌注/冒着生命危险
(2)at
risk(＝in
danger)
处于危险中
at
the
risk
of(doing)．..
可能导致(不快等)，冒(做)……的危险
at
all
risks
无论如何
run/take
a
risk/risks
冒险
run/take
the
risk
of(doing)．..
冒(做)……的危险
①Which
team
is
more
willing
to
take
risks?
哪一队更愿意冒险？
②He
got
well?prepared
for
the
job
interview，for
he
couldn't
risk
losing(lose)
such
a
good
chance.
他对这次工作面试做了充分的准备，因为他不想冒失去这一次好机会的危险。
③He
was
determined
to
do
it
even
at
the
risk
of
being
laughed(laugh)
at.
他决定即使冒着被人嘲笑的危险也要做。
various
adj.各种各样的
(教材P116)You
can
find
all
these
in
the
various
extreme
sports...
你可以在各种各样的极限运动中找到所有这些……
(1)variety
n． 种类，多样性
a
variety
of＝varieties
of
种种的；各种各样的
(2)vary
v.
不同；改变
vary
from...to...
由……到……不等
vary
with
随……变化
vary
in
在……方面变化
①The
young
boy
has
a
variety
of
hobbies，such
as
listening
to
classical
music
and
painting.
那个小男孩有各种各样的爱好，诸如听古典音乐和绘画。
②Demands
for
certain
products
vary
with
the
season.
对某些产品的需求随季节的变化而变化。
③The
weather
varied
from
very
cold
to
quite
mild.
天气变化很大，会从很冷变得相当暖和。
(教材P26)Although
people
enjoyed
reading
his
book，many
of
them
thought
that
Marco's
stories
about
China
were
too
fantastic
to
be
true．
虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。
【要点提炼】
句中的too
fantastic
to
be
true是too...to...结构，表示“太……而不能……”。
(1)can't/can
never...too...意为“再……也不过分”。
(2)too...to...结构常可转换为“so＋adj./adv.＋that?clause”结构。
(3)在too...to...结构中，若用ready，anxious，eager，glad，willing等形容词，则该结构不表否定意义。
①You
can't
be
too
careful
to
cross
the
street.
过马路时你一定要非常小心。
②He
is
too
old
to
do
that
work.
＝He
is
so
old
that
he
can't
do
that
work.
他年龄太大了，做不了那项工作。
③I'm
too
glad
to
see(see)
you
again.
再次见到你我很高兴。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
don't
know
where
are
my
glasses，without
which
I
can
not
read
anything.
2．In
China
many
parents
often
make
sacrifices
(牺牲)
for
their
boys
or
girls，which
in
turn
increases
their
dependence.
3．The
foreigners
are
amazed(amaze)
by
the
achievements
that
the
Chinese
have
made
recently
in
socialist
construction.
4．A
large
quantity
of
goods
were
burnt(burn)
in
the
fire.
5．They
had
escaped
to
America
shortly
before
war
broke
out
in
1939.
6．We
firmly
stand
by
the
fundamental
principles
of
Marxism?Leninism.
7．Hardly
could
he
get
through
this
large
amount
of
work
in
such
a
short
time.
8．Our
bodies
are
strengthened
by
workout.Similarly(similar)，our
minds
are
developed
by
learning.
9．Parents
should
not
show
preference(prefer)
for
any
one
of
their
children.
10．A
great
variety(vary)
of
flowers
were
shown
in
the
park.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I
borrowed
the
book
Sherlock
Holmes
from
the
library
last
week，that
my
classmates
recommended
to
me.
that→which
2．A
quantity
of
food
were
on
the
table.were→was
3．The
fighting
was
broke
out
about
two
hours
after
sundown.去掉was
4．At
first
he
had
a
confusing
look
on
his
face.confusing→confused
5．The
two
brothers
take
turn
looking
after
their
father.
turn→turns
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He
is
too
young
to
be
sent
to
America
for
advanced
study.
他年龄太小，不能到美国去深造。
2．Is
there
anyone
in
your
class
whose
mother
is
a
doctor?
你班是否有母亲是医生的同学？
3．They
are
studying
English
in
order
to
read
Shakespeare
in
the
original.
他们在攻读英语，以便能阅读莎士比亚原著。
4．He
risked
losing
his
house
when
his
company
went
bankrupt.
他的公司破产时，他就有失去房子的危险。
5．The
division
between
inflation
and
real
growth
would
vary
from
year
to
year．
通胀和真实增长率的差距每年都不同。
定语从句(Ⅲ)
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.He
travelled
across
Europe
and
Asia
with
his
father，who
wanted
to
do
trade
with
the
Chinese.2.There
were
inventions
and
developments
in
China
which
were
not
available
in
Europe
at
that
time.3.Marco
was
lucky
enough
to
meet
another
prisoner
who
enjoyed
listening
to
his
stories
about
China.4.The
prisoner
then
wrote
the
stories
in
a
book
called
The
Description
of
the
World，which
became
one
of
the
best?selling
books
in
Europe.
以上四句均含有定语从句，引导词分别为who；which；who；which。其中例句1，4的引导词前有逗号将主句和从句隔开，这种定语从句称为非限制性定语从句。例句2，3的主句和从句无逗号隔开，这种定语从句称为限制性定语从句。
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述
1．限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。
She
has
found
the
necklace
(that)
she
lost
two
weeks
ago.
她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。
2．非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。
He
has
two
sisters，who
are
working
in
the
city.
他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①The
man
who
you're
talking
to
is
my
friend.
②I
live
in
a
house
far
away
from
the
city，in
front
of
which
is
a
big
tree.
③The
engineer，whose
leg
was
badly
hurt，was
quickly
sent
to
hospital.
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1．标点的运用有所不同
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。
Who
is
the
girl
that
is
standing
under
the
tree?
站在树下的那个女孩是谁？
He
is
a
teacher
of
much
knowledge，from
whom
much
can
be
learned.
他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。
2．从句的作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
The
next
day，my
brother
and
I
went
to
the
beach
where
we
watched
some
people
play
volleyball.
第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。
Alice
received
a
letter
from
her
former
classmate，which
came
as
a
surprise.
艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。
3．关系词的选用不同
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。
Yesterday
he
bought
a
new
car，which
was
made
in
Japan.(which不可换用that)
昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。
He
didn't
give
the
reason，which
explained
his
absence
from
the
meeting
held
last
week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达：He
didn't
give
the
reason，for
which
he
was
absent
from
the
meeting
held
last
week.
4．从句所修饰的先行词有所不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。
This
is
the
best
book
that
I
have
ever
read.
这是我曾经读过的书中最好的一本。
He
won
the
first
prize
in
the
contest，which
was
more
than
we
expected.
他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。
5．关系词的省略不同
在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。
I
still
remember
the
days
we
spent
together
in
college.
我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we前省略了that/which)
She
is
not
the
one(that)
she
used
to
be.
她已不再是昔日的她了。
6．英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。
Which
is
the
machine
that
we
used
last
Sunday?
上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？
The
concert，which
was
held
last
week，was
a
great
success.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。
He
may
be
late，in
which
case
we
ought
to
wait
for
him.
他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①I
didn't
find
the
desk
whose
leg
was
broken.
②The
house
which/that
was
destroyed
in
the
earthquake
is
weak.
③She
is
the
right
girl
who/whom/that/不填
we
are
looking
for.
三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which
as
位置上
只能放在先行词的后面
位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后
搭配上
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等
句意上
意为“这一点”
表示“正如……，正像……的那样”
The
air
quality
in
the
city，as
is
shown
in
the
report，has
improved
over
the
past
two
months.
正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。
After
graduating
from
college，I
took
some
time
off
to
go
travelling，which
turned
out
to
be
a
wise
decision.
大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的决定。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①My
hometown
is
no
longer
the
same
as
it
was.
②Our
team
lost
the
game，as/which
was
reported
in
the
newspaper.
③As
we
all
know，paper
was
first
made
in
China.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This
is
all
that
I
know
about
the
matter.
2．The
day
will
come
when
people
all
over
the
world
win
independence.
3．The
factory
where/in
which
his
father
worked
was
destroyed
in
the
flood.
4．We
shouldn't
spend
our
money
testing
so
many
people，most
of
whom
are
healthy.
5．The
famous
basketball
star，Jordan，who
tried
to
make
a
comeback，attracted
a
lot
of
attention.
6．Mexico
City，which
has
a
population
of
over
10
million，is
probably
the
fastest
growing
city
in
the
world.
7．We
will
be
shown
around
the
city：schools，museums，and
some
other
places，where
other
visitors
seldom
go.
8．As
is
known
to
everybody，the
moon
travels
round
the
earth
once
every
month.
9．English
is
a
language
shared
by
several
diverse
cultures，each
of
which
uses
it
differently.
10．I
wish
to
thank
Professor
Smith，without
whose
help
I
would
never
have
got
this
far.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．We
walked
down
the
village
street，which
the
villagers
were
having
market
day.which→where
2．Which
can
be
seen
from
his
face，he
is
quite
pleased.Which→As
3．The
young
man
had
a
new
girlfriend，that
he
wanted
to
impress.that→who/whom
4．All
the
books，that
have
beautiful
pictures
in
them，were
written
by
them.that→which
5．He
has
found
the
book
that
he
was
looking
for
it.去掉it
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
8
Adventure
Section
Ⅴ Reading
(Ⅲ)
(Lesson
4
&Communication
Workshop)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.goal
A．n.志向，抱负
( )2.ambition
B．n.国籍
( )3.cheerful
C．n.运输，运送
( )4.sadness
D．adj.愉快的，高兴的
( )5.function
E．n.不利，不利条件
( )6.nationality
F．n.目的，目标
( )7.transport
G．n.遮蔽，庇护所
( )8.disadvantage
H．vi.运转，起作用
( )9.shelter
I．n.悲哀，忧伤
( )10.survival
J．n.幸存，残存
[答案] 1—5 FADIH 6—10 BCEGJ
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.He
has
run
out
of
food;
his
children
are
hungry.
( )2.Her
bravery
has
given
him
the
will
to
carry
on
with
his
life
and
his
work.
( )3.I
am
afraid
your
car
is
in
the
way.
( )4.At
one
time
the
schools
were
attached
to
the
church.
( )5.Here
I
would
like
to
focus
on
one
question
in
particular.
[答案] 1—5 CEDAB
The
Race
to
the
Pole
On
1
June，1910，Captain
Scott
left
London
to
begin
his
journey
to
the
Antarctic.On
his
way，he
received
a
message
from
the
Norwegian
explorer
Roald
Amundsen：“I'm
going
South.”
So
the
race
to
the
South
Pole
was
on①！
During
the
polar
summer
of
1910?1911，both
teams
organised
food
bases
in
preparation(准备)
for
their
journeys
the
next
year.Then
came
the
total
darkness
of
the
polar
winter.②Scott
and
Amundsen
waited
anxiously
for
spring.
Amundsen
was
the
first
to
leave③，on
15
October，1911.He
had
teams
of
dogs
pulling④
the
sledges(雪橇)
and
all
his
men
were
on
skis.Because
of
this，he
made
rapid
progress.Scott
left
on
1
November
and
soon
had
problems.First，his
two
sledges
broke
down，and
then
the
horses
began
to
have
serious
difficulties
with
the
snow
and
the
cold.After
a
while，Scott
and
his
men
had
to
push
the
sledges
themselves.
奔向南极的赛跑
在1910年6月1日，斯科特上校离开伦敦开始他的南极之旅。在途中，他收到一条来自挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的消息：“我要向南极进发。”于是这场奔向南极的赛跑开始了！
在1910年到1911年的极地夏天，两队人都建立了食物基地，为他们下一年的旅程做准备。接着完全漆黑的极地冬天来了。斯科特和阿蒙森都在焦虑地等待春天的到来。
在1911年10月15日，阿蒙森第一个出发了。他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有的队员都配有滑雪板。因此，他前行的速度很快。斯科特在11月1日出发，不久就遇到了麻烦。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。过了一段时间，斯科特和队员们不得不自己推雪橇了。
[助读讲解] ①be
on开始。②本句是一个全部倒装句，正常语序：The
total
darkness
of
the
polar
winter
came
then。③序数词之后用不定式作定语。④have...doing...让……一直做……。
Amundsen
reached
the
Pole
on
14
December
and
put
a
Norwegian
flag
there.Then
he
prepared
for
the
return
journey.Scott
finally
arrived
at
the
Pole
with
four
team
members
on
17
January.They
were
shocked(震惊)
when
they
saw
the
Norwegian
flag.Scott
wrote
sadly
in
his
diary：
“Well，we
have
now
lost
the
goal
of
our
ambition
and
must
face
800
miles
of
hard
pushing—and
goodbye
to
most
of
our
dreams.”
The
return
journey
was
one
of
the
worst
in
the
history
of
exploration.The
men
were
soon
exhausted(疲惫的)
and
were
running
out
of⑤
food.The
weather
conditions
were
terrible.Scott
started
to
realise
their
hopeless
situation：
“...we
are
very
cheerful，but
what
each
man
feels
in
his
heart
I
can
only
guess⑥.Putting
on
our
shoes
in
the
morning⑦
is
getting
slower
and
slower.”
However，on
their
way
back
they
found
time
to
look
for
rocks.They
carried
20
kilos
of
rocks
all
the
way
with
them.Later，these
rocks
proved
that
at
one
time
in
the
distant
past
the
Antarctic
was
covered
by
plants.
阿蒙森于12月14日到达南极，并在南极插上了挪威国旗，然后他准备回程。斯科特和四名队员最终于1月17日到达南极。当看到挪威国旗时，他们感到震惊。斯科特在日记中悲伤地写道：
“我们现在已经失去了雄伟的目标，但还得面对800英里的艰难跋涉——与我们的大多数梦想说再见。”
他们的返程是探险史上最艰难的返程之一。队员们很快就筋疲力竭了，食品也快吃完了。天气很恶劣，斯科特开始意识到他们所处的绝望境地：
“……(虽然)我们(看上去)都很高兴，但我却能猜出大家心里在想什么。我们早上穿鞋的动作变得越来越慢。”
然而，在回程途中，他们还抽时间寻找岩石，一路上携带了20公斤的石块。后来，这些石块证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。
[助读讲解] ⑤run
out
of用完；用光。⑥what引导的从句作guess的宾语。⑦Putting
on
our
shoes
in
the
morning是动名词短语在句中作主语。
Then，disaster
soon
came.Edgar
Evans
had
a
terrible
disease
and
died
after
a
bad
fall.The
next
to
go
was
Captain
Oates，who
was
having
great
difficulty
walking⑧.Scott
recorded
his
death：
“He
said，‘I
am
just
going
outside
and
I
may
be
some
time.’
We
knew
that
poor
Oates
was
walking
to
his
death，but
though
we
tried
to
stop
him⑨，we
knew
that
it
was
the
act
of
a
brave
man
and
an
English
gentleman.We
all
hope
to
meet
the
end
with
a
similar
spirit，and
certainly
the
end
is
not
far.”
Scott
and
two
of
his
team
members
carried
on
and
got
within
eleven
miles
of
one
of
their
food
bases.But
then
a
terrible
storm
started
and
they
could
not
leave
their
tent.Scott
spent
some
of
his
last
hours
writing.He
wrote
a
letter
full
of
sadness
to
his
wife
Kathleen：
“I
could
tell
you
lots
and
lots
about
this
journey.What
stories
you
would
have
for
the
boy
...But
what
a
price
to
pay.”
Scott's
diary
also
told
the
story
of
their
end：“We
are
getting
weaker
and
weaker
and
the
end
can't
be
far.It
seems
a
pity，but
I
do
not
think
I
can
write
more.”
The
news
of
Scott's
death
shocked
the
world.He
had
failed
to
win
the
race
to
the
Pole，but
the
extraordinary
courage
shown
by
Captain
Scott
and
his
men⑩
made
them
into
heroes.
然后灾难很快袭来。埃德加·埃文斯患了可怕的疾病，重重地跌倒后死去了。接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他行动艰难。斯科特记录了他的死亡：
“他说：‘我只是要出去走走，可能要走上一段时间。’我们都知道可怜的奥茨在走向死亡，尽管我们试图阻拦他，但我们都知道这是勇者的举动，是英国绅士的行为。我们都希望以类似的精神结束生命，当然(大家也都知道)死亡正在逼近。”
斯科特上校和两名同伴继续向前，到达距离食物储存处不足11英里的地方。但是后来一场可怕的暴风雨降临了，他们无法离开帐篷。斯科特用最后的一些时间写东西，他给妻子凯瑟琳写了一封充满悲伤的信：
“我可以告诉你许许多多关于这次探险的事。你可以把这些故事讲给儿子听……但是为了这一切，我们付出了多大的代价啊！”
斯科特的日记也记述了他们生命的结束：
“我们变得越来越虚弱，离生命的结束不远了。真遗憾，但我想我写不下去了。”
斯科特去世的消息震惊了世界。尽管他输掉了奔向南极的赛跑，但斯科特上校和他的队员们所表现出的非凡的勇气使他们成为英雄。
[助读讲解] ⑧who引导非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Captain
Oates。⑨though引导让步状语从句。⑩过去分词短语作定语，修饰courage。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P28教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．Scott
and
his
companions
became
heroes
because
of
great
courage.
2．Paras.2～4
B．The
return
journey
which
was
of
great
difficulty.
3．Paras.5～8
C．The
race
to
the
South
Pole
was
on.
4．Para.9
D．Amundsen's
team
won
the
race.
[答案] 1—4 CDBA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P28教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Why
did
Amundsen
succeed
while
Scott
not?
A．Because
Amundsen
reached
the
Pole
first.
B．Because
Scott's
companions
died
half
way.
C．Because
it
was
too
cold
in
Antarctic.
D．Because
Scott's
sledges
broke
down
and
his
horses
disagreed
with
the
cold
and
the
snow
there.
2．What
did
Scott's
team
achieve?
A．They
became
rich
for
the
trip.
B．They
got
nothing
but
pity.
C．They
became
the
first
to
reach
the
Pole.
D．They
collected
rocks
that
proved
Antarctic
had
once
been
covered
by
plants.
3．Why
did
Scott
and
his
men
become
heroes?
A．They
showed
great
courage
all
the
time.
B．They
collected
valuable
rocks.
C．They
died
for
the
expedition.
D．They
made
great
contributions
to
the
world.
4．Did
Scott
and
his
men
survive
at
last?
A．Yes，they
did.
B．No.They
all
died
a
heroic
death.
C．All
died
but
Scott.
D．Only
Scott
died
at
last.
5．What's
the
writer's
attitude
towards
Captain
Scott
and
his
team?
A．He
is
mildly
critical.
B．He
is
strongly
critical.
C．He
has
full
of
respect
for
them.
D．His
attitude
is
not
clear.
[答案] 1－5 DDABC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
精读P28教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
On
1
June，1910，the
race
to
the
South
Pole
1.between
the
Norwegian
and
the
British
was
2.on．Amundsen
left
on
15
October，1911.He
3.made(make)
great
progress
because
he
had
teams
of
dogs
4.pulling(pull)
the
sledges
and
all
his
men
were
on
skis.They
arrived
at
the
Pole
on
14
December
and
became
the
first
5.to
arrive(arrive)there.Scott
left
on
1
November
6.but
his
two
sledges
broke
7.down
first
and
then
his
horses
disagreed
with
the
cold
and
the
snow.They
finally
made
it
to
the
Pole
and
were
8.shocked(shock)
to
find
that
they
had
failed
to
win
the
race.On
their
9.deadly(dead)return
journey，they
still
found
time
to
look
for
rocks.Their
great
courage
made
them
into
10.heroes(hero)．
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
8
Adventure
Section
Ⅶ Writing——如何写宣传手册
宣传手册的语言要层层递进、清晰明了地宣传自己的优势，以吸引人们的注意。
写作时一般按以下步骤：
1．给出一句简洁、清楚又切题的话，以便第一时间引起读者的兴趣，使他们对所宣传的事物有进一步了解的愿望。
2．给出所宣传事物大致的、主要的信息。如找工作要推荐自己、宣传自己，在这一部分可以简要介绍自己的学历和工作经验。
3．叙述所宣传事物的主要特点。仍以申请工作为例，在这里可以介绍自己的技能和特长。
4．强调一下所宣传事物与其他同类事物的不同之处和独特之处。还可以以找工作为例，可以宣传个人异于其他人的强项。如会说流利的英语，能熟练操作电脑，有丰富的工作经验等。如此一来，一篇目的明确、内容清晰、结构紧凑、层次分明的宣传手册就形成了。
1．It
lies/is
situated
in
the
north/south
of...
它位于……的北部/南部。
2．It
faces...它在……的对面。
3．It
has
a
history
of...它有……的历史。
4．It
covers
an
area
of...它的面积是……
5．It
is
convenient
for
you
to
visit...
你可以方便地参观……
6．It
was
set
up
in...它是在……创立的。
7．Thousands
of
visitors
come
here
for
a
visit
every
day.
每天成千上万的游客来参观。
8．Especially
on
Sundays
it
is
full
of
children.
特别在周日，里面都是孩子。
9．Our
hotel
is
a
six?storeyed
building
with
120
rooms.
我们的旅馆是一个拥有120间房的6层建筑。
10．Each
room
comes
with/is
equipped
with...
每个房间都配有……
[满分佳作构建]
一家远足营地(Adventure
Hiking)准备组织一次冒险远足旅行，并希望在互联网上进行宣传。请你用英语为其写一篇宣传册。主要内容应包括：
1．本次远足活动是为喜欢冒险和远足的人士组织的一次远足活动；
2．远足要穿过一个大沙漠以考验参加者的体力和耐力；
3．远足将体验激烈漂流活动；
4．远足将爬5
000米的高山并可能遇到一些野生动物；
5．远足组织者将提供良好的住宿并要求参加者携带轻而有用的行李；
6．欲参加者请致电0450－8899432或e?mail至www.adventurehiking.com.AH。
注意：词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Adventure
Hiking
If
you
like
both
going
hiking
and
adventure，Adventure
Hiking
is
the
organisation
for
you.It
is
the
best
hiking
for
those
who
like
adventure.During
the
hiking，we'll
have
the
following
optional
actions
for
you.
Call
us
today
on
0450－8899432
or
e?mail
us
at
www.adventurehiking.com.AH.
体裁
宣传手册
时态
一般现在时为主
主题
介绍远足营地
人称
第三人称为主
结构
首段：介绍本次远足基本情况；第二段：远足的好处；第三段：如何联系。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．go
hiking
去远足
2．optional
action
可供选择的活动
3．strength
and
patience
体力和耐力
4．with
a
maximum
altitude
of
最大海拔高度为
5．survive
in
the
wild
野外生存
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．Walk
through
a
big
desert
to
test
your
strength
and
patience，and
experience
the
excited
white?water
rafting，which
you
have
never
got．
远足要穿过一个大沙漠以考验参加者的体力和耐力，体验你从未体验过的激烈漂流活动。
2．Climb
a
high
mountain
with
a
maximum
altitude
of
5，000
metres
and
perhaps
you'll
meet
some
wild
animals．
远足将爬5
000米的高山并可能遇到一些野生动物。
(二)句式升级
3．Take
your
own
luggage
with
you.Things
in
it
should
be
useful
and
light.(用定语从句合并句子)
Take
your
own
luggage
with
you，in
which
things
should
be
useful
and
light.
4．You
will
have
good
accommodation
at
our
camp.You
don't
be
anxious
about
your
rest
place
after
the
hiking.(用so合并句子)
You
will
have
good
accommodation
at
our
camp，so
don't
be
anxious
about
your
rest
place
after
the
hiking.
【参考范文】
Adventure
Hiking
If
you
like
both
going
hiking
and
adventure，Adventure
Hiking
is
the
organisation
for
you.It
is
the
best
hiking
for
those
who
like
adventure.During
the
hiking，we'll
have
the
following
optional
actions
for
you.
Walk
through
a
big
desert
to
test
your
strength
and
patience，and
experience
the
excited
white?water
rafting，which
you
have
never
got.Climb
a
high
mountain
with
a
maximum
altitude
of
5，000
metres
and
perhaps
you'll
meet
some
wild
animals.Have
good
accomodation
at
our
camp
so
don't
be
anxious
about
your
rest
place
after
the
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PAGE
-
1
-Unit
8
Adventure
【导读】 《银椅》讲述了主人公尤斯塔斯和波尔在寄宿学校被一群坏学生追赶，意外闯入纳尼亚。两个少年接受狮王阿斯兰的重托，寻找凯斯宾国王失踪的独子——瑞廉王子。在忠实的伙伴沼泽怪的帮助下，他们经过重重考验，终于在地下王国找到王子。王子劈毁银椅，斩杀了地下女王，重回纳尼亚。
The
Silver
Chair(excerpt)
“My
name
is
Golg，”
said
the
gnome.“And
I'll
tell
your
Honours
all
I
know.About
an
hour
ago
we
were
all
going
about
our
work—her
work，I
should
say—sad
and
silent，same
as
we've
done
any
other
day
for
years
and
years.Then
there
came
a
great
crash
and
bang.As
soon
as
they
heard
it，everyone
says
to
himself，I
haven't
had
a
song
or
a
dance
or
let
off
a
squib
for
a
long
time;
why's
that?
And
everyone
thinks
to
himself，why，I
must
have
been
enchanted.And
then
everyone
says
to
himself，I'm
blessed
if
I
know
why
I'm
carrying
this
load，and
I'm
not
going
to
carry
it
any
farther：that's
that.And
down
we
all
throw
our
sacks
and
bundles
and
tools.Then
everyone
turns
and
sees
the
great
red
glow
over
yonder.And
everyone
says
to
himself，What's
that?
and
everyone
answers
himself
and
says，there's
a
crack
or
chasm
split
open
and
a
nice
warm
glow
coming
up
through
it
from
the
Really
Deep
Land，a
thousand
fathom
under
us.”
“Great
Scott，”
exclaimed
Eustace，“are
there
other
lands
still
lower
down？”
“Oh
yes，your
Honour，”
said
Golg.“Lovely
places;
what
we
call
the
Land
of
Bism.This
country
where
we
are
now，the
Witch's
country，is
what
we
call
the
Shallow
Lands.It's
a
good
deal
too
near
the
surface
to
suit
us.Ugh!
You
might
almost
as
well
be
living
outside，on
the
surface
itself.You
see，we're
all
poor
gnomes
from
Bism
whom
the
Witch
has
called
up
here
by
magic
to
work
for
her.But
we'd
forgotten
all
about
it
till
that
crash
came
and
the
spell
broke.We
didn't
know
who
we
were
or
where
we
belonged.We
couldn't
do
anything，or
think
anything，except
what
she
put
into
our
heads.And
it
was
glum
and
gloomy
things
she
put
there
all
those
years.I've
nearly
forgotten
how
to
make
a
joke
or
dance
a
jig.But
the
moment
the
bang
came
and
the
chasm
opened
and
the
sea
began
rising，it
all
came
back.And
of
course
we
all
set
off
as
quick
as
we
could
to
get
down
the
crack
and
home
to
our
own
place.And
you
can
see
them
over
there
all
letting
off
rockets
and
standing
on
their
heads
for
joy.And
I'll
be
very
obliged
to
your
Honours
if
you'll
soon
let
me
go
and
join
in.”
“I
think
this
is
simply
splendid，”
said
Jill.“I'm
so
glad
we
freed
the
gnomes
as
well
as
ourselves
when
we
cut
off
the
Witch's
head!
And
I'm
so
glad
they
aren't
really
horrid
and
gloomy
any
more
than
the
Prince
really
was
well，what
he
seemed
like.”
“That's
all
very
well，Pole，”
said
Puddleglum
cautiously.“But
those
gnomes
didn't
look
to
me
like
chaps
who
were
just
running
away.It
looked
more
like
military
formations，if
you
ask
me.Do
you
look
me
in
the
face，Mr.Golg，and
tell
me
you
weren't
preparing
for
battle？”
“Of
course
we
were，your
Honour，”
said
Golg.“You
see，we
didn't
know
the
Witch
was
dead.We
thought
she'd
be
watching
from
the
castle.We
were
trying
to
slip
away
without
being
seen.And
then
when
you
three
came
out
with
swords
and
horses，of
course
everyone
says
to
himself：Here
it
comes，not
knowing
that
his
Honour
wasn't
on
the
Witch's
side.And
we
were
determined
to
fight
like
anything
rather
than
give
up
the
hope
of
going
back
to
Bism.”
“I'll
be
sworn
it
is
an
honest
gnome，”
said
the
Prince.“Let
go
of
it，friend
Puddleglum.As
for
me，good
Golg，I
have
been
enchanted
like
you
and
your
fellows，and
have
but
newly
remembered
myself.And
now，one
question
more.Do
you
know
the
way
to
those
new
diggings，by
which
the
sorceress
meant
to
lead
out
an
army
against
Overland？”
银椅(节选)
“我名叫戈尔格，”小精灵说，“我要把我所知道的全告诉各位大人。大约一小时以前，我们都在干着自己的活——我该说是她的活——大家又伤心又沉默，跟我们多少年来其他任何一天干活一模一样。接着传来了轰隆隆一声巨响。他们一听见这个声音，每个人都对自己说我已经很久没唱一支歌，没跳一支舞，没放一只爆竹了；那是为什么呢？每个人心里都在想，咦，我一定是被魔法迷住了。接着每个人还对自己说，要是我知道自己为什么要搬这么重的东西就好了，我就再也不打算搬下去了。就那么回事。于是我们把口袋、包裹和工具都扔下。随后大家就转身去看那边一大片红光。每个人都对自己说，那是什么啊？大家都自问自答说，原来有条裂缝或缺口豁开了，从几千英寻以下，真正的深层地底照上来一股好暖和的光哟。”
“老天爷，”尤斯塔斯惊叫道，“还有另外的地方比这儿更低吗？”
“哦，有的，大人，”戈尔格说。“可爱的地方。我们管它叫比斯姆国。我们现在所在的国家是女巫的国家，我们管它叫浅地。对我们来说，这儿离地面太近，不适合我们居住。呃！你还不如住在外面，住到地面上去呢。你瞧，我们都是从比斯姆国来的可怜的小精灵，是女巫用魔法把我们招到这儿来为她干活的。可是我们把这些事全忘了，直到传来轰隆一响，魔法破了才想起来。我们不知道自己是什么人，从哪儿来。我们除了她灌到我们头脑里的东西，什么也不能干，什么也不能想。这么多年来她灌到我们头脑里全是些阴郁、愁闷的东西。我几乎已经忘掉了怎么说笑话，怎么跳快步舞了。不料轰隆一响，裂缝豁开了，海水开始涨起来了，一切才又想了起来。当然，我们大家都赶快出发，从裂缝下去，回到我们自己的地方去。而且你们能看见他们在那边放焰火，竖蜻蜓，闹着玩儿。要是你们能马上让我走，跟大家一道回去，我将十分感激各位大人。”
“我认为这简直太好了，”吉尔说，“我真高兴我们砍下女巫的头既解救了自己也解救了小精灵！而且我也很高兴他们其实并不那么可怕和忧郁，正如王子其实也并不是——嗯，看上去这副模样。”
“这固然很好，波尔，”普德格伦谨慎地说，“但那些小精灵在我看来并不像只是在逃跑。依我说呀，它们更像一些军事队形。看着我的脸，戈尔格先生，告诉我，你们不是在准备打仗吗？”
“我们当然准备打仗，大人，”戈尔格说，“不瞒你说，我们并不知道女巫死了。我们还以为她会从城堡里看着。我们正想法溜掉，不让她看见呢。后来你们三个出来了，拿着剑，骑着马，大家当然不免都在暗自说，这下可来了。我们不知道大人不是女巫一边的。我们决定宁可拼命战斗，也决不放弃回比斯姆的希望。”
“Ee?ee?ee！”
squeaked
Golg.“Yes，I
know
that
terrible
road.I
will
show
you
where
it
begins.But
it
is
no
manner
of
use
your
Honour
asking
me
to
go
with
you
on
it.I'll
die
rather.”
“Why？”
asked
Eustace
anxiously.“What's
so
dreadful
about
it？”
“Too
near
the
top，the
outside，”
said
Golg，shuddering.“That
was
the
worst
thing
the
Witch
did
to
us.We
were
going
to
be
led
out
into
the
open—on
to
the
outside
of
the
world.They
say
there's
no
roof
at
all
there;
only
a
horrible
great
emptiness
called
the
sky.And
the
diggings
have
gone
so
far
that
a
few
strokes
of
the
pick
would
bring
you
out
to
it.I
wouldn't
dare
go
near
them.”
“Hurrah!
Now
you're
talking！”
cried
Eustace，and
Jill
said，“But
it's
not
horrid
at
all
up
there.We
like
it.We
live
there.”
“I
know
you
Overlanders
live
there，”
said
Golg.“But
I
thought
it
was
because
you
couldn't
find
your
way
down
inside.You
can't
really
like
it—crawling
about
like
flies
on
the
top
of
the
world！”
“What
about
showing
us
the
road
at
once？”
said
Puddleglum.
“In
a
good
hour，”
cried
the
Prince.The
whole
party
set
out.The
Prince
remounted
his
charger，Puddleglum
climbed
up
behind
Jill，and
Golg
led
the
way.As
he
went，he
kept
shouting
out
the
good
news
that
the
Witch
was
dead
and
that
the
four
Overlanders
were
not
dangerous.And
those
who
heard
him
shouted
it
on
to
others，so
that
in
a
few
minutes
the
whole
of
Underland
was
ringing
with
shouts
and
cheers，and
gnomes
by
hundreds
and
thousands，leaping，turning
cart?wheels，standing
on
their
heads，playing
leap?frog，and
letting
off
huge
crackers，came
pressing
round
Coalblack
and
Snowflake.And
the
Prince
had
to
tell
the
story
of
his
own
enchantment
and
deliverance
at
least
ten
times.
In
this
way
they
came
to
the
edge
of
the
chasm.It
was
about
a
thousand
feet
long
and
perhaps
two
hundred
wide.They
dismounted
from
their
horses
and
came
to
the
edge，and
looked
down
into
it.A
strong
heat
smote
up
into
their
faces，mixed
with
a
smell
which
was
quite
unlike
any
they
had
ever
smelled.It
was
rich，sharp，exciting，and
made
you
sneeze.The
depth
of
the
chasm
was
so
bright
that
at
first
it
dazzled
their
eyes
and
they
could
see
nothing.When
they
got
used
to
it
they
thought
they
could
make
out
a
river
of
fire，and，on
the
banks
of
that
river，what
seemed
to
be
fields
and
groves
of
an
unbearable，hot
brilliance—though
they
were
dim
compared
with
the
river.There
were
blues，reds，greens，and
whites
all
jumbled
together：a
very
good
stained?glass
window
with
the
tropical
sun
staring
straight
through
it
at
midday
might
have
something
the
same
effect.Down
the
rugged
sides
of
the
chasm，looking
black
like
flies
against
all
that
fiery
light，hundreds
of
Earthmen
were
climbing.
“我敢说它是个诚实的小精灵，”王子说，“放开它，普德格伦朋友。至于我，好戈尔格，我也像你和你的同胞一样被魔法迷住过，也是刚刚想起我自己的本来面目。现在我再问一个问题。你知道那条到新挖坑道的路吗？就是女巫要领一支军队去打上面世界的那条地道？”
“咦——咦——咦，”戈尔格尖叫道，“是啊，我知道那条可怕的路。我可以指给你们看那条路从哪儿开始。但大人要叫我陪你们上那儿去，那可绝对不行，我情愿死。”
“为什么？”尤斯塔斯急切地问，“那儿有什么可怕的？”
“离上面、外面太近了，”戈尔格哆哆嗦嗦地说，“这是女巫对我们下的最毒的一手。我们就要被带出去——带到世界外面。听说，那儿根本没有顶层，只有可怕的一大块空白叫作天空。坑道已经挖得很远，只要再挖几锹就可以到外面去了。我可不敢走近那儿。”
“好哇，你这才谈得有点儿门了。”尤斯塔斯喊着说。吉尔说：“不过上面并不那么恐怖。我们喜欢那儿。我们就住在那儿。”
“我知道你们上面世界的人住在那儿，”戈尔格说，“但我认为这是因为你们找不到往地底下的路。你们不会真正喜欢那儿——像苍蝇似的在世界顶上爬来爬去。”
“你马上给我们指指路好吗？”普德格伦说。
“赶得早不如赶得巧。”王子叫道。他们这一伙就此出发。王子重新骑上了马，普德格伦爬到吉尔后面，戈尔格在前头带路。它一面走一面叫喊好消息，说女巫已经死了，这四个上面世界的人并不危险。听见它喊叫的，又把消息传给另外的小精灵，所以一会儿工夫，整个地下世界都响起了欢呼声。成千上万的小精灵跳啊，翻筋斗啊，竖蜻蜓啊，玩跳背游戏啊，放大爆竹啊，还过来围着黑炭和雪花。王子只好把他自己中了魔法以及解脱苦难的经历讲了又讲，少说也讲了十遍。
他们就这样来到了缺口的边缘。这条缺口大约有一千英尺长，两百英尺宽。他们下了马，来到缺口边缘往下看。一股强烈的热浪扑面而来，还夹杂着一种他们从来没闻到过的气味。这气味又浓又辣，又刺激，使人要打喷嚏。缺口深处很亮，起初他们的眼睛都发花了，什么也看不见。等他们习惯了这么亮的光，才觉得自己能分辨出一条火河，河的两岸似乎是田野和一种发出难以忍受、热辣辣的光的小树林——可是比起那条河来就黯然失色了。那儿五颜六色，蓝的、红的、绿的和白的全都混在一起；一面优美的彩色玻璃窗在正午时分热带阳光直射下，效果可能跟这儿差不多。在那火红的光照下，成千的地下人看上去就像黑压压一片苍蝇正顺着凹凸不平的裂缝边往下爬去。
[知识积累]
1．might
as
well
不妨；最好
2．let
go
放手；松开
3．give
up
放弃
4．dismount
from
下车；下马
[文化链接]
《银椅》——寓意探究
这部童话寓意也颇为深刻，它以飞禽走兽、神怪仙妖影射人世，表明正义、善良、光明必将战胜邪恶、凶残与黑暗的人生哲理，鼓励读者坚定信念，为理想不懈奋斗。
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
8
Adventure
Section
Ⅵ Language
Points(Ⅲ)(Lesson
4，Communication
Workshop，Culture
Corner
&Bulletin
Board)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出下列单词
1．How
are
you
getting
on
with
your
preparation(准备)?
2．I
must
say
that
rather
shocked(使震惊)
me，too.
3．They
were
not
the
only
ones
to
have
brains
and
ambitions(志向)．
4．We
would
like
to
thank
them
for
their
patience(耐心)
and
understanding.
5．If
cancers
are
found
early
there's
a
high
chance
of
survival(幸存)．
6．If
not
handled
properly，the
situation
will
become
even
more
hopeless．
7．He
was
a
cheerful
and
uncomplaining
travel
companion.
8．The
school
is
three
miles
distant
from
the
station.
9．The
main
function
of
the
merchant
banks
is
to
raise
capital
for
industry.
10．She
lives
in
France
but
has
British
nationality．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．prepare
vt.预备，准备→preparation
n．准备，预备
2．shock
n．震惊，惊骇→shocked
adj.震惊的→shocking
adj.使人震惊的；骇人的
3．ambition
n．志向，抱负→ambitious
adj.有雄心的；有抱负的；野心勃勃的
4．hope
vt.希望；期望
n．希望→hopeful
adj.有希望的→hopeless
adj.没有希望的
5．distant
adj.远处的；久远的→distance
n．距离；远处
6．patient
adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的→patience
n．耐心；忍耐力
7．survive
vt.幸免于难；存活
vi.活着；继续存在→survivor
n．幸存者→survival
n．幸存，残存
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．on
one's
way
在途中
2．run
out
of
用完，耗尽
3．have
difficulty(in)
doing
sth.
在……上有困难
4．carry
on
继续做某事
5．in
the
way
挡道
6．make
preparations
for
为……做准备
7．break
down
损坏，不能运转
8．be
home
to
是……的产地/栖息地
9．be
associate
with
和……有关，与……有瓜葛
10．be
attached
to
连在……上
11．in
the
distance
在远方
12．in
particular
尤其，特别
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．We
knew
we
were
up
a
tree
when
we
ran
out
of
gas
in
the
desert.
2．He
got
it
on
the
cheap.It
is
not
surprising
that
it
broke
down
only
a
week
later.
3．Every
day
she
passed
the
church
on
her
way
to
the
Health
Centre.
4．You'll
be
able
to
read
well
with
a
dictionary
and
carry
on
simple
conversations.
5．I
should
start
to
make
preparations
for
the
party
because
time
is
pressing
at
present.
6．The
sound
of
the
cheering
faded
away
in
the
distance．
n.＋?less.→adj.
v.＋on
→动词短语
aimless
无目的的breathless
透不过来气的careless
粗心的
count
on
指望concentrate
on
聚精会神act
on
照……行事
1．Then
came
the
total
darkness
of
the
polar
winter.
接着完全漆黑的极地冬天来了。
[记句式结构]then引导倒装句
[仿写促落实]我们渴望的时刻终于到了。
Then
came
the
hour
we
had
been
looking
forward
to.
2．He
had
teams
of
dogs
pulling
the
sledges
and
all
his
men
were
on
skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有的队员都配有滑雪板。
[记句式结构]have...doing...
[仿写促落实]李林，别让狗狂吠不停。
Don't
have
the
dog
barking
much，Li
Lin.
3．Captain
Scott
and
his
team
members
reached
the
Pole，but
with
little
to
celebrate.
斯科特上校和他的队友们登上了南极，但却没有什么可庆祝的。
[记句式结构]with复合结构
[仿写促落实]由于有很重要的事情和你商量，你必须留下。
With
something
important
to
talk
about
with
you，you
must
stay
here.
on
one's
way
在途中
(教材P28)On
his
way，he
received
a
message
from
the
Norwegian
explorer
Roald
Amundsen...
在途中，他收到一条来自挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的消息……
all
the
way 一路上
by
the
way 顺便说
by
way
of 路经，途经
in
the
way 阻碍
in
a
way 在某种程度上
in
no
way 决不
①I
put
her
downstairs
so
that
she
shouldn't
be
in
the
way.我让她住在楼下免得碍事。
②They
are
travelling
to
France
by
way
of
London.
他们经伦敦去法国旅行。
③In
no
way
will
I
give
in.
我决不投降。
[名师点津]
(1)in
no
way
“决不”，表示否定意义，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。
(2)on
one's
way
to中的介词to，后跟副词时应省略。
preparation
n．准备，预备；配制品
(教材P28)．..both
teams
organised
food
bases
in
preparation
for
their
journeys
the
next
year.
……两队人都建立了食物基地，为他们下一年的旅程做准备。
(1)in
preparation
for 为……做准备
make
preparations
for 为……做准备
be
in
preparation 在准备中
(2)prepare
v.
准备
prepare
for
sth.
为……做准备(强调动作)
be
prepared
for
sth.
为……做好准备(强调状态)
prepare
to
do
sth.
准备做某事
①Tom
is
studying
in
preparation
for
the
next
examination.
＝Tom
is
making
preparations(prepare)
for
the
next
examination.
汤姆正在学习，为下次考试做准备。
②I
immediately
went
to
get
her
some
medicine
and
then
prepared
some
noodles
for
her.
我马上去给她拿了些药然后为她做了些面条。
[名师点津]
(1)prepare意为“准备”，其宾语为要准备的内容。
(2)prepare
for意为“为……做准备”，for的宾语一般只是谓语动作所要达到的目的。
shock
vt.震惊；惊骇
n．震惊
(教材P28)They
were
shocked
when
they
saw
the
Norwegian
flag.
当看到挪威国旗时，他们感到震惊。
(1)to
one's
shock 令某人震惊的是
It
shocks
sb.to
do
sth.
令某人害怕/震惊的是……
(2)shocked
adj.
震惊的
be
shocked
at 对……震惊
(3)shocking
adj.
令人震惊的
①I
was
shocked
at
her
smoking.
＝I
was
shocked
to
see(see)
her
smoking.
看到她在吸烟，我很震惊。
②To
my
shock，such
an
attack
could
happen
in
this
school.
令我震惊的是，这样的袭击事件竟会发生在这所学校。
③Hearing
the
shocking(shock)
news，I
was
shocked(shock)．
听了那让人震惊的新闻我惊呆了。
run
out(of
sth.)
完成，用完；(指物)被用完，被耗尽
(教材P28)The
men
were
soon
exhausted
and
were
running
out
of
food.
队员们很快就筋疲力竭了，食品也快吃完了。
run
into 碰撞；遇上；偶然遇到
run
over (车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；浏览
run
after 追逐；追求
run
across 无意间碰到
①We
went
too
fast
round
the
corner
and
ran
into
a
lamp
post.我们拐弯的时候太快了，撞在了路灯柱上。
②He
was
run
over
and
killed
by
a
bus.
他被公共汽车轧死了。
③The
dog
was
running
after
a
rabbit.
狗在追一只兔子。
[名师点津] “用完”的不同
run
out
of
“用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人，可用于被动语态；run
out
“用完”(＝become
used
up)，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词，不能用于被动语态；use
up
“用完”，是及物动词短语，主语一般是人。
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难
(教材P28)The
next
to
go
was
Captain
Oates，who
was
having
great
difficulty
walking.
接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他行动艰难。
have
some/much/great/little/no
difficulty(in)doing/with
sth.
＝there's
some/much/great/little/no
difficulty(in)doing/with
sth.
做某事有一些/许多/很大/一点/没有困难
have
a
problem(in)doing
sth. 做某事有问题
have
a
difficult
time(in)doing
sth.
做某事有困难
have
fun(in)doing
sth.
做某事很有趣；从做某事中获得乐趣
①Whenever
we
have
difficulty
with
our
studies，our
teachers
help
us
patiently.
无论何时我们学习上有困难，老师都会耐心帮助我们。
②Though
I've
learnt
English
for
several
years，I
have
some
trouble/difficulty/problems
in
communicating(communicate)
with
foreigners.
尽管我已学习几年英语了，我与外国人交流还是有些困难。
carry
on
继续做某事
(教材P28)Scott
and
two
of
his
team
members
carried
on
and
got
within
eleven
miles
of
one
of
their
food
bases.
斯科特上校和两名同伴继续向前，到达距离食品储存处不足11英里的地方。
carry
on继续做某事
carry
away 拿走
carry
out
进行(实验)，实施(计划)，履行(义务、约定)
carry
sb.through
帮助某人渡过难关
①Carry
on
with
your
work
while
I'm
out.
我出去一下，你接着干吧。
②Whatever
difficulty
you
will
meet
with，carry
out
your
plan.
不管你遇到什么困难都要执行计划。
③Their
faith
and
courage
carried
them
through．
他们的信心和勇气使他们渡过了难关。
(教材P29)patience
n．[U]
忍耐力，耐心；坚忍，坚持，毅力
(1)be
out
of
patience
with
对……再也不能忍耐
have
no
patience
with 不能容忍……
with
patience 耐心地
lose
patience
with 对……失去耐心
(2)be
patient
with
sb.
对某人有耐心
be
patient
of
sth.
忍耐某事
①She
is
very
patient
with
young
children.
她对幼儿很有耐心。
②He
doesn't
have
the
patience(patient)
to
sit
reading
every
day.他没有耐心整天坐着看书。
[图形助记]
patient的一词多义
aim
n．目标；目的
v．瞄准，对准；力求达到，力争做到；目的是，旨在
(教材P29)Aims
of
exploration：
探索的目标：
(1)with
the
aim
of... 有……的目的
take
aim
at
瞄准
without
aim
漫无目的地
(2)aim
at
doing...
力求达到……；力争做到……
aim
at/for...
努力取得……
aim
to
do...
力争做到……
be
aimed
at
目的是，旨在
①She
went
to
London
with
the
aim
of
finding
a
job.
她去伦敦是为了找工作。
②The
programme
is
aimed
at
teenage
audience.
这个节目针对的是十几岁的观众。
[图形助记]
瞄准目标学aim
observe
vt.
观察；观测；遵守；庆祝
(教材P30)Air?conditioned
vehicles
for
observing
animals.
带有空调装置、用于观察动物的车。
(1)observe
that... 看到……
observe
sb.do
sth.
看到某人做某事
observe
sb.doing
sth.
看到某人正在做某事
(2)observation
n.
注意，观察
①The
policeman
observed
the
man
enter
the
bank.
＝The
man
was
observed
to
enter
(enter)
the
bank
by
the
policeman.
警察注意到那个人进了银行。
②Most
information
was
collected
by
direct
observation(observe)
of
the
animals'
behaviour.
大部分信息都是通过直接观察动物的行为收集到的。
[名师点津]
observe用于被动时，作主语补足语的不定式须带to。
disadvantage
n.
不利，不利条件
(教材P30)Disadvantages
of
US
trip
在美国旅行的不利因素
at
a
disadvantage 处于不利地位
to
one's
disadvantage
对……不利
advantages
and
disadvantages
优缺点；利与弊
advantage
n.
有利条件，有利因素，优势，优点
have
an
advantage
of 比(某人)强；胜过；优于
take
advantage
of 利用(机会等)
at
an
advantage 处于有利地位
①The
present
situation
is
to
our
advantage
and
we
should
take
full
advantage
of
it.
目前的形势对我们有利，我们应充分利用。
②He
has
an
advantage
of
me
in
chemistry，but
I
gain
an
advantage
over
him
in
physics.
他的化学学得比我好，但我的物理比他好。
limit
n．边界；限度
vt.限制，限定
(教材P117)．..but
the
limits
are
in
us，not
outside
us.……但限制是在我们内部，不在我们外部。
(1)beyond
the
limit 超过限度
within
limits 在一定范围内
set
a
limit
to 设定……的限度
(2)limit...to...
把……限定在……内
(3)limited
adj.
有限的
be
limited
to 被限制到
①I'm
willing
to
help
within
limits.
我愿意有限度地帮助你。
②Try
to
limit
your
talk
to
ten
minutes.
请尽量把话在10分钟内说完。
(教材P28)Then
came
the
total
darkness
of
the
polar
winter.
接着完全漆黑的极地冬天来了。
【要点提炼】
这是一个倒装句，主语是the
total
darkness
of
the
polar
winter，谓语动词为came。倒装的原因是句子的主语太长，为了保持句子平衡而把谓语动词came直接置于主语之前，这种倒装称为完全倒装。
使用完全倒装句的几种情况：
(1)在以here，there，then，now，out，in，up，down，away，ahead等副词开头的句子中，常使用完全倒装。但是如果句子的主语是代词，则句子不倒装。
(2)表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首，主语较长又无宾语时，一般要倒装。
(3)为了平衡句子的结构，特别是当主语带有较长的修饰语，谓语部分较短时，更需要倒装。
(4)such置于句首时，such
多被认为是表语。
①Under
that
tree
sits(sit)
a
beautiful
girl.
那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。
②Present
at
the
conference
were(be)
experts
from
all
over
the
world.
出席会议的是来自世界各地的专家。
③Such
are
the
facts，no
one
can
deny
them.
这就是事实，没有人能否定它们。
(教材P28)He
had
teams
of
dogs
pulling
the
sledges
and
all
his
men
were
on
skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有的队员都配有滑雪板。
【要点提炼】 句中had
teams
of
dogs
pulling是“have＋sb./sth.＋doing”结构。
have
sb./sth.doing
现在分词表示进行和持续，宾语是动作的执行者。
have
sb./sth.do
动词原形表示动作未完成，宾语是动作的执行者。
have
sb./sth.done
过去分词表示已经完成，宾语是动作的承受者。
①He
had
his
son
clean
the
car.
他让他的儿子擦车。
②My
mum
has
me
reading(read)
the
poem.
我妈妈让我一直读那首诗。
③We
had
the
machine
repaired(repair)．
我们请人修理了机器。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When
I
went
in
the
office，I
found
my
English
teacher
is
busy
preparing(prepare)
his
lessons.
2．We
can't
have
that
sort
of
thing
happening(happen)
again.
3．When
his
father
knew
that
his
son
had
made
the
same
mistake，his
patience(patient)
ran
out.
4．The
spider
web
is
only
attached(attach)
to
the
leaf
by
one
thread.
5．My
energy
has
run(run)
out，so
I
feel
very
tired.
6．No
matter
what
happens，we
should
carry
on
with
our
research.We
should
not
back
out.
7．If
Jimmy
carries
on
working
like
this，he
will
break
down
sooner
or
later.
8．When
the
news
came
out，everyone
was
shocked(shock)．
9．The
patient
is
seriously
ill
and
is
being
kept
under
continuous
observation(observe)．
10．One
of
the
main
disadvantages(advantage)of
this
system
is
that
it
uses
very
large
amounts
of
fuel.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．On
the
way
to
home，his
anger
slowly
cooled.去掉to
2．We
were
given
two
days
to
prepare
the
examination.prepare后加for
3．With
an
even
more
surprised
and
shocking
look，he
asked
for
the
reason.shocking→shocked
4．You'd
better
go
home
before
your
money
runs
out
of.去掉of
5．The
application
must
be
usable
by
the
elderly
and
others
who
have
difficulty
read
small
text.read→reading
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I
won't
have
you
smoking
at
your
age.
我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。
2．Down
jumped
the
man
from
the
horse.
那人从马上跳下来。
3．They
managed
to
carry
on
their
experiments
in
spite
of
the
difficulties.
虽有困难，他们还是设法使试验继续下去。
4．We
ran
out
of
coal，and
had
to
burn
wood.
我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。
5．They
placed
the
child
in
an
oxygen
tent
when
he
had
difficulty
in
breathing．
那孩子呼吸困难时，他们把他放进氧幕里。
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