The
Sea
大西洋充满着自然的力量，和谐多变。大大小小的生物在海洋深处共存，这给人一种身临其境的感觉！
The
Atlantic
Ocean
Not
all
bodies
of
water
are
so
evidently
alive
as
the
Atlantic
Ocean，an
S?shaped
body
of
water
covering
33
million
square
miles.The
Atlantic
has，in
a
sense，replaced
the
Mediterranean
as
the
inland
sea
of
Western
civilization.Unlike
real
inland
seas，which
seem
strangely
still，the
Atlantic
is
rich
in
oceanic
liveliness.It
is
perhaps
not
surprising
that
its
vitality
has
been
much
written
about
by
ancient
poets.“Storm
at
Sea”，a
short
poem
written
around
700，is
generally
regarded
as
one
of
mankind's
earliest
artistic
representations
of
the
Atlantic.
When
the
wind
is
from
the
west
All
the
waves
that
cannot
rest
To
the
east
must
thunder
on
Where
the
bright
tree
of
the
sun
Is
rooted
in
the
ocean's
breast
As
the
poem
suggests，the
Atlantic
is
never
dead
and
dull.It
is
an
ocean
that
moves，impressively
and
endlessly.It
makes
all
kinds
of
noise—it
is
forever
thundering，boiling，crashing，and
whistling.
[阅读障碍词]
1．evidently
adv.
明显地
2．Mediterranean
n.
地中海
3．vitality
n.
重要性
4．representation
n.
代表
5．impressively
adv.
令人难忘地
[诱思导读]
阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The
Atlantic
Ocean
covers
33
million
square
miles.(T)
2．The
Atlantic
seems
still
all
the
time.(F)
3．“Storm
at
sea”
is
regarded
as
one
of
the
earliest
artistic
representations
of
the
Atlantic.(T)
SectionⅠ Reading(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.participate
A．adj.不知道的，未知的
( )2.evaluate
B．adv.最终；终于
( )3.arrange
C．vi.道歉
( )4.spirit
D．n.讲授，演讲
( )5.deed
E．n.祖先，祖宗
( )6.further
F．vt.安排，准备
( )7.journey
G．n.行为，行动
( )8.lecture
H．vt.评估，评价
( )9.ancestor
I．adv.更远，较远
( )10.eventually
J．vi.参加
( )11.unknown
K．n.旅行，旅程
( )12.apologise
L．n.精神
[答案] 1—5 JHFLG 6—10 IKDEB
11—12 AC
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.You're
brave
and
courageous.You
can
make
it.
( )2.He
has
had
to
travel
the
country
in
search
of
work.
( )3.You
wouldn't
have
got
into
trouble
if
you
had
taken
my
advice.
( )4.Long
before
I
ever
went
there，Africa
was
alive
in
my
imagination.
( )5.Fill
out
the
application
carefully，and
keep
copies
of
it.
[答案] 1—5
CDEAB
VIKING
VOYAGES
TO
AMERICA
The
Vikings
were
the
first
Europeans
to
reach
America①.They
achieved
this
long
before
Columbus
ever
set
sail.
The
Vikings
were
a
group
of
people
whose
ancestors
came
from
Scandinavia.They
controlled
the
seas
and
coasts
of
Northern
Europe
between
the
8th
and
10th
centuries
AD.By
around
900
AD，there
were
many
places
in
Northern
Europe
where
the
Vikings
chose
to
live.In
982
AD，when
a
man
called
Eric
the
Red
decided
to
set
sail
further
west，there
were
as
many
as
10，000
Vikings
living
in
Iceland②.
According
to
the
old
stories
of
Iceland
and
Norway，Eric
the
Red
was
forced
to
leave
Iceland
because
he
had
committed
a
murder，for
which
he
got
into
trouble.Eric
reached
Greenland
and
discovered
that
people
could
live
in
the
place
where
he
landed③.He
returned
to
Iceland
and
told
people
there
about
Greenland.He
persuaded(说服)
some
people
to
go
back
with
him
to
Greenland.Eric
set
sail(起航)
once
again，this
time
with
25
ships，of
which
only
14
made
it
to
Greenland④.
北欧海盗的美洲之行
北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。早在哥伦布起航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。
北欧海盗的祖先是一组来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛的人。在公元8世纪到公元10世纪期间，他们控制着北欧的海域和沿海地区。大约到公元900年，北欧很多地方都有北欧海盗选择居住。公元982年，一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航，当时，在冰岛上居住的北欧海盗多达10
000人。
根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。埃里克到达格陵兰岛后，发现人们可以居住在他登陆的地方。他返回冰岛，告诉那里的人有关格陵兰岛的事情。他说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。埃里克再次起航，这次有25艘船(与他同行)，但只有14艘到达了格陵兰岛。
[助读讲解] ①名词被序数词或the
last等修饰时，后面通常用不定式作定语。②本句是主从复合句，when引导非限制性定语从句修饰982
AD，过去分词短语called
Eric
the
Red作后置定语，修饰a
man；there
were...Iceland是主句，现在分词短语living
in
Iceland作后置定语修饰Vikings。③that引导宾语从句，从句中含有一个where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the
place。④of
which为“介词＋关系代词”结构，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词25
ships。
Not
long
after
Eric
the
Red
had
landed
in
Greenland，a
man
called
Biarni
set
sail
from
Iceland
in
search
of
Eric's
party.Biarni
was
hoping
to
join
his
father
who
was
with
Eric，but
he
was
blown
off
course
and
found
himself
in
an
unknown
land，from
where
he
eventually
reached
Greenland⑤.
In
the
year
1002，when
Eric
the
Red's
son
Leif
was
planning
a
trip
further
west，Biarni
was
the
man
with
whom
Leif
discussed
his
plans.Leif
followed
Biarni's
directions
and
sailed
to
what
is
believed
to
be
the
coast
of
present?day
Canada⑥.He
then
sailed
further
south
to
an
island
which
is
now
known
as
Newfoundland.
We
know
about
Eric
the
Red
and
Leif's
deeds
through
stories
which
were
written
down
centuries
later
in
Norway
and
Iceland.They
are
the
first
records
we
have⑦
of
Europeans
sailing
to
the
Americas.
埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被吹离了航线，并且发现自己在一个未知的地方，从那里他最终抵达格陵兰岛。
1002年，埃里克·雷德的儿子赖伊夫打算继续向西航行，他和比阿尼商量了他的计划。赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸的所在地。后来他继续南行，到了现在人们所熟知的纽芬兰岛。
从挪威和冰岛记载并流传了几个世纪的传说里我们知道了埃里克·雷德和赖伊夫的事迹。根据我们现有的记载，他们是最早航行到达美洲的欧洲人。
[助读讲解] ⑤此处为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补是“in
an
unknown
land”；from
where是“介词＋关系副词”结构，此处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词
an
unknown
land。⑥此处是what引导的宾语从句，引导词what在从句中作主语，意为“……的地方”，相当于the
place
that；be
believed
to
be被认为是。⑦we
have是省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词the
first
records。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P8教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Paras.1～2 A．The
explorations
of
Eric
the
Red，Biarni
and
Leif
2．Paras.3～5
B．Where
the
stories
of
Vikingscome
from
3．Para.6
C．The
introduction
of
the
Vikings
[答案] 1—3 CAB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P8教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Why
did
Eric
the
Red
leave
Iceland?
A．Because
he
got
into
trouble
for
a
murder
he
had
committed.
B．Because
he
wanted
to
search
for
new
land.
C．Because
people
in
Iceland
didn't
like
him.
D．Because
he
wanted
to
search
for
his
father.
2．Who
was
Biarni
looking
for
when
he
was
blown
to
an
unknown
land?
A．Leif.
B．Eric
the
Red.
C．Eric's
party.
D．His
ancestors.
3．How
do
we
know
about
the
Vikings?
A．Through
stories
which
were
written
down
centuries
later
in
Norway
and
Iceland.
B．By
words
of
mouth.
C．Through
newspapers.
D．According
to
official
records.
4．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE?
A．Eric
and
his
25
ships
arrived
at
Greenland
successfully.
B．With
the
help
of
his
friend，Biarni's
journey
to
Greenland
was
rather
easy.
C．The
Vikings
were
the
first
people
to
arrive
in
Europe.
D．Leif
sailed
as
far
as
Newfoundland.
5．We
can
infer
from
the
passage
that
．
A．Eric's
second
voyage
to
Greenland
was
much
easier
than
the
first
one
B．Leif
was
strong?minded
C．the
Vikings
chose
to
live
in
Southern
Europe
because
their
ancestors
came
from
Scandinavia
D．no
people
liked
to
follow
Eric
to
Greenland
[答案] 1－5 ACADB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P8教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The
Vikings
were
a
group
of
people
1.whose
ancestors
came
from
Scandinavia.They
controlled
the
seas
and
coasts
of
Northern
Europe
for
a
long
time.
In
982
AD，a
man
2.called(call)
Eric
the
Red，who
was
forced
3.to
leave(leave)
Iceland
because
he
had
committed
a
murder
and
got
into
trouble，decided
to
set
sail
4.further(far)
west.He
reached
Greenland
and
discovered
that
people
could
live
in
the
place
5.where
he
landed.He
returned
to
Iceland
and
persuaded
some
people
to
go
back
with
him
to
Greenland.When
he
set
sail
once
again，only
14
of
25
ships
made
6.it
to
Greenland.
Later
a
man
called
Biarni
set
sail
from
Iceland
in
search
of
Eric's
party.Unfortunately，he
7.was
blown(blow)
off
course
and
found
himself
in
8.an
unknown
land，from
where
he
9.eventually(eventual)
reached
Greenland.These
stories
were
written
down
centuries
10.later(late)
in
Norway
and
Iceland.They
are
the
first
records
we
have
of
Europeans
sailing
to
the
Americas.
PAGE
-
1
-The
Sea
Section
Ⅱ Language
Points
(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．I
must
apologise(道歉)
for
not
being
able
to
meet
you.
2．The
basic
causes
are
unknown(未知的)，although
certain
conditions
that
may
lead
to
cancer
have
been
discovered.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，阅读七选五)Participate
in
discussion
forums(论坛)，blogs
and
other
open?ended
forums
for
dialogue.
4．His
heroic
deeds(行为)
were
celebrated
in
every
corner
of
India.
5．Within
this
lecture(演讲)
I
cannot
pretend
to
deal
adequately
with
dreams.
6．At
first
Sally
was
frightened
of
planes，but
two
years
later，flying
to
other
countries
on
business
is
her
main
business.
7．I
have
arranged
that
one
of
my
staff
will
meet
you
at
the
airport.
8．The
school
has
only
been
open
for
six
months，so
it's
too
early
to
evaluate
its
success.
9．Follow
the
footpath
and
you'll
eventually
hit
the
road.
10．Since
the
roads
are
very
bad，the
journey
took
us
a
long
time.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．frighten
vt.使惊吓；使害怕→frightened
adj.受惊的；感到害怕的→frightening
adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的
2．explore
vt.探测；探险；探究→explorer
n．探险家→exploration
n．探险；探测
3．persuade
vt.说服，劝服→persuasion
n．劝说，说服
4．apologise
vt.道歉→apology
n．道歉
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．fill
out
填写
2．on
one's
own
独自
3．long
before
很久以前
4．set
sail
启航
5．get
into
trouble
陷入麻烦，陷入困境
6．make
it
to
到达
7．in
search
of
寻找，寻求
8．according
to
根据，依照
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Migrant
workers
move
from
city
to
city
in
search
of
work.
2．Jim
is
always
getting
into
trouble
with
the
law.
3．The
poet
wanted
to
wander
those
countries
on
his
own．
4．Are
we
late?
Do
we
have
enough
time
to
make
it
to
Bremen
today?
5．You've
been
absent
six
times
according
to
our
records.
v.＋?sion→n.
in＋名词＋of→复合短语
impression 印象conclusion
结论expression
表情
in
advance
of 在……之前in
favor
of
支持in
charge
of
掌管
1．The
Vikings
were
the
first
Europeans
to
reach
America.
北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。
[记句式结构]不定式作定语
[仿写促落实]她是世界上第一个获得两次诺贝尔奖的人。
She
was
the
first
person
in
the
world
to
receive
Nobel
Prize
twice．
2．Eric
set
sail
once
again，this
time
with
25
ships，of
which
only
14
made
it
to
Greenland.
埃里克再次起航，这次有25艘船(与他同行)，但只有14艘到达了格陵兰岛。
[记句式结构]of＋关系代词
[仿写促落实]这对老夫妇还养了好几条狗，其中一条是黑色的。
The
old
couple
had
several
dogs，one
of
which
was
black．
3．Biarni
was
hoping
to
join
his
father
who
was
with
Eric，but
he
was
blown
off
course
and
found
himself
in
an
unknown
land，from
where
he
eventually
reached
Greenland.
比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被吹离了航线，并且发现自己在一个未知的地方，从那里他最终抵达格陵兰岛。
[记句式结构]find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[仿写促落实]使她惊奇的是她来到了另外的一个世界。
To
her
surprise，she
found
herself
in
a
different
world．
4．Leif
followed
Biarni's
directions
and
sailed
to
what
is
believed
to
be
the
coast
of
present?day
Canada.
赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸的所在地。
[记句式结构]what引导宾语从句
[仿写促落实]好的学习者考虑他们擅长什么，他们需要更多地练习什么。
Good
learners
think
about
what
they
are
good
at
and
what
they
need
to
practice
more.
set
sail起航
(教材P8)In
982
AD，when
a
man
called
Eric
the
Red
decided
to
set
sail
further
west，there
were
as
many
as
10，000
Vikings
living
in
Iceland.
公元982年，一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航，当时，在冰岛上居住的北欧海盗多达10
000人。
set
about 着手，开始做
set
off
出发，启程，引起，使(炸弹等)爆炸
set
out
出发，开始做
set
aside
节省，保留
set
up
建立，树立
set
down
写下，放下
set
free
释放
①Try
to
set
aside
some
time
every
day
for
exercise.
每天设法留出点时间锻炼。
②I'll
set
off/out
early
to
avoid
the
traffic
jams.
我要早点出发以避免交通拥堵。
③They
want
to
set
up
their
own
company.
他们想成立自己的公司。
[名师点津]
set
about表示“开始做某事”时，后跟动名词作宾语；set
out表示“着手/开始做某事”时，后跟不定式作宾语。
get
into
trouble
陷入麻烦；陷入困境
(教材P8)According
to
the
old
stories
of
Iceland
and
Norway，Eric
the
Red
was
forced
to
leave
Iceland
because
he
had
committed
a
murder，for
which
he
got
into
trouble.
根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。
(be)
in
trouble 有麻烦，有困难，出事
ask/look
for
trouble 自找麻烦，自寻烦恼
make
trouble(for
sb.) (给某人)制造麻烦/捣乱
get
sb.out
of
trouble 使某人摆脱困境
get
sb.into
trouble
使某人陷入困境
have
trouble(in)doing/with
sth.
做某事有困难
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth.
不辞辛苦做某事
①Many
college
students
have
trouble
in
dealing
with
realities.
很多大学生在如何应付现实生活上存在困难。
②Do
as
you're
told，or
you'll
be
in
trouble.
叫你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会有麻烦的。
③The
teacher
took
the
trouble
to
remember(remember)
all
our
names
on
the
first
day.
第一天老师就努力地记住我们所有人的名字。
[名师点津]
be
in
trouble表示状态，可与表一段时间的状语连用；get
into
trouble表示瞬间的动作，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。
persuade
vt.说服；劝说
(教材P8)He
persuaded
some
people
to
go
back
with
him
to
Greenland.
他说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。
persuade
sb.to
do
sth./into
doing
sth.说服某人做某事
persuade
sb.not
to
do
sth./out
of
doing
sth.说服某人不做某事
persuade
sb.of
sth.
使某人信服某事
persuade
sb.that...
使某人相信……
①How
can
we
persuade
him
to
join/into
joining
us?
怎么说服他参加我们的活动呢？
②She
persuaded
her
daughter
not
to
smoke(smoke)．
她说服女儿不要抽烟。
③He
persuaded
me
of
his
honesty.
＝He
persuaded
me
that
he
was
honest.
他使我相信他的诚实。
make
it
to
到达
(教材P8)Eric
set
sail
once
again，this
time
with
25
ships，of
which
only
14
made
it
to
Greenland.
埃里克再次起航，这次有25艘船(与他同行)，但只有14艘到达了格陵兰岛。
make
it 成功；出席，到场；约定时间；成功到达
make
the
most
of
sth.
充分利用某物
make
out 看清；理解；声称
make
up 构成，组成
make
up
for 补偿；弥补
①Deng
Yaping
was
once
told
she
had
no
talent
in
table
tennis
and
would
never
make
it
as
a
table
tennis
player.
邓亚萍曾被告知她没有打乒乓球的天赋，做一名乒乓球运动员永远也无法获得成功。
②Three
doctors
and
five
nurses
made
up
the
medical
team.
三名医生和五名护士组成了这个医疗队。
in
search
of
寻找；寻求
(教材P8)Not
long
after
Eric
the
Red
had
landed
in
Greenland，a
man
called
Biarni
set
sail
from
Iceland
in
search
of
Eric's
party.
埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。
in
the/one's
search
for 寻找
search
sb./sp.
搜身/搜查某个地方
search
sb./sp.for
sth.
为找某物而搜身(搜查某个地方)
search
for(＝look
for)
寻找
search
out
找出，查出
search
into
调查，研究
①He
searched
his
pockets，but
found
nothing.
他翻遍了自己的口袋，什么也没有找到。
②He
searched
his
pockets
for
his
keys.
他翻遍了口袋找钥匙。
[语境助记]
The
customs
were
searching
for
drugs
when
I
came
through
the
airport.They
searched
everybody's
luggage
for
them，and
they
searched
the
man
in
front
of
me
from
head
to
foot.
我经过机场时，海关人员正在搜查毒品。他们检查每个人的行李，并且把我前面那个人从头到脚搜了一遍。
apologise
vi.道歉
(教材P9)Mr
Johnson
apologised
for
the
mistake.
约翰逊先生因为他犯的错误而道歉。
(1)apologise
to
sb.for
(doing)
sth.
因为(做)某事而向某人道歉
(2)apology
n.
道歉
make
an
apology
道歉
make/offer
an
apology
to
sb.for
(doing)
sth.
因为(做)某事而向某人道歉
①I
apologised
to
her
for
stepping
on
her
feet.
＝I
made
an
apology
to
her
for
stepping
on
her
feet.
我因踩到她的脚而向她道歉。
②I
have
to
apologise
to
you
for
my
rudeness.
我为我的无礼向你道歉。
frightening
adj.令人惊恐的；骇人的
(教材P115)But
it
can
be
frightening
when
the
weather
is
bad.
但是，天气不好的时候很令人惊恐。
fright
n． 恐惧，害怕
frighten
vt.
使惊吓，使惊恐
frightened
adj.
受到惊吓的，感到害怕的
be
frightened
of...
害怕……
be
frightened
to
do/that...
害怕做……
frighten
sb./sth.away/off
把某人/物吓走
frighten
sb.into/out
of
doing
sth.
吓唬某人做/不做某事
①They
frightened
the
old
lady
into
signing(sign)
the
paper.
他们恐吓那位老太太，使她签了字据。
②Don't
be
frightened(frighten)
of
making
mistakes
when
you
speak
English.
讲英语时别害怕犯错误。
[名师点津]
由过去分词或现在分词转化来的形容词，是分词形容词。这些词已失去了动词的性质，大多数可被副词very或too修饰，有的还有比较级和最高级，故称为分词形容词。v.?ing形式，意为“令人……的”，多指事物；v.?ed形式，意为“感到……的”，多用于指人。
(教材P8)The
Vikings
were
the
first
Europeans
to
reach
America．
北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。
【要点提炼】 句中不定式短语to
reach
America作后置定语，修饰the
first
Europeans。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。
英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况：
(1)被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
(2)不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；
(3)抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；
(4)被修饰词前有the
only，the
very，the
next等词对其进行修饰时；
(5)表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，也有被动形式)；
(6)there
be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。
①You
are
the
only
person
to
do
the
job.
你是做这项工作的唯一人选。
②There
is
nothing
to
worry(worry)
about.
没什么可担心的。
③Volunteering
gives
you
a
chance
to
change(change)
lives，including
your
own.
志愿者工作给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的。
(教材P8)They
achieved
this
long
before
Columbus
ever
set
sail.
早在哥伦布起航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。
【要点提炼】 long
before
Columbus
ever
set
sail
是时间状语从句。long
before表示“很久以前”，可将其视为介词、连词或副词。
It
was
long
before... 过了很久才……
It
was
not
long
before...
没过多久就……
It
will
not
be
long
before...
要不了多久就会……
It
will
be
long
before...
要过很久才……
①It
will
not
be
long
before
the
results
are
announced.
要不了多久就会公布结果。
②It
was
not
long
before
my
mother
came
back.
没过多久妈妈就回来了。
(教材P8)Leif
followed
Biarni's
directions
and
sailed
to
what
is
believed
to
be
the
coast
of
present?day
Canada．
赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸的所在地。
【要点提炼】 what
is
believed
to
be
the
coast
of
present?day
Canada为介词to的宾语，由what引导，what在宾语从句中作主语。
what作连接代词的用法：
引导名词性从句的what，可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(1)具有疑问代词性质的what，意为“什么，什么样的”。
(2)在名词前表示感叹的what，意为“多么”。
(3)具有关系代词性质的what，意为“……的……”。what在此相当于“the＋名词＋that”或者“all
that”，既包含了先行词也包含了关系代词。
①I
will
never
forget
what
the
experience
has
really
taught
me.Sacrifices
pay
off
in
the
end.
我永远不会忘记这次经历教给“我”的东西，
做出的牺牲最终得到了回报。(what在宾语从句中作宾语)
②Only
then
did
I
recognize
what
silly
mistakes
I
had
made.
在那时我才意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。(what在宾语从句中作定语)
③Police
have
found
what
appears
to
be
the
lost
ancient
statue.
警察找到的可能是丢失的古代雕像物品。(what在宾语从句中作主语)
④China
is
no
longer
what(＝the
China
that)it
used
to
be.
中国再也不是以前的中国了。(what在表语从句中作表语)
1．(教材P8)According
to
the
old
stories
of
Iceland
and
Norway，Eric
the
Red
was
forced
to
leave
Iceland
because
he
had
committed
a
murder，for
which
he
got
into
trouble.
【分析】 because引导原因状语从句；从句中for
which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代he
had
committed
a
murder。
【翻译】 根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。
2．(教材P8)Biarni
was
hoping
to
join
his
father
who
was
with
Eric，but
he
was
blown
off
course
and
found
himself
in
an
unknown
land，from
where
he
eventually
reached
Greenland.
【分析】 本句为由but连接的并列复合句；第一个分句中who引导定语从句修饰先行词father；第二个分句中from
where引导非限制性定语从句，where指代an
unknown
land。
【翻译】 比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被吹离了航线，并且发现自己在一个未知地方，从那里他最终抵达格陵兰岛。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
will
be
punished
according
to
the
seriousness
of
his
crime.
2．When
he
came
to
life，he
found
himself
tied(tie)
to
a
tree.
3．—I'm
thinking
of
the
test
tomorrow.I'm
afraid
I
can't
pass
this
time.
—I'm
sure
you'll
make
it．
4．They
thought
the
thunder
was
very
frightening(frighten)．
5．He
apologised
for
not
coming(come)
to
the
party.
6．Don't
let
yourself
be
persuaded
into
buying(buy)
things
you
don't
really
want.
7．According
to
the
weather
forecast，it
will
rain
tomorrow.
8．Creating
an
interest
in
what
they
learn.
9．He
made
a
public
apology(apologize)
for
the
team's
performance.
10．We
had
trouble
persuading(persuade)
him
to
come
with
us.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They
were
frightened
with
the
sound
of
the
explosion.
2．Her
father
persuaded
her
out
of
keep
in
touch
with
that
fellow，but
she
didn't
follow
it.
3．When
Peter
speaks
in
public，he
always
has
trouble
think
of
the
right
things
to
say.
4．If
we
run，we
should
make
to
the
stadium
on
time.
5．I
have
tried
my
best
to
do
that
I
can
to
help
him.
[答案] 1.with→at 2.keep→keeping 3.think→thinking 4.make后加it 5.that→what
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Jim
is
the
first
person
to
be
asked．
吉姆是第一个被提问的人。
2．It
won't
be
long
before
we
can
be
rid
of
the
pest
altogether.
要不了多久，我们就能把这种害虫消除干净。
3．People
were
perhaps
more
honest
a
long
time
ago
when
life
was
very
different
from
what
it
is
today．
很久以前，当生活不同于今天的生活的时候，人们可能更诚实。
4．Chinese
culture
has
made
it
to
the
world
thousands
of
years
ago.
中华文化早在几千年以前就走向了世界。
5．He
apologised
to
the
audience
for
being
late．
他由于迟到而向观众致歉。
定语从句(Ⅱ)
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.By
around
900
AD，there
were
many
places
in
Northern
Europe
where
the
Vikings
chose
to
live.2.Eric
reached
Greenland
and
discovered
that
people
could
live
in
the
place
where
he
landed.3.Eric
set
sail
once
again，this
time
with
25
ships，of
which
only
14
made
it
to
Greenland.4.Biarni
was
the
man
with
whom
Leif
discussed
his
plans.
1.例句1，2的先行词分别为many
places；the
place，关系副词都是where。2.例句3，4的
先行词分别为25
ships；the
man，关系代词前均有介词。
Ⅰ.关系副词引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where和why。
一、关系副词when
1．when
引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time，day，hour，month，year，在从句中作时间状语。
2．when既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。
3．关系副词when常可用“介词＋which”来代替。
I'll
never
forget
the
days
when
we
stayed
in
the
countryside.我永远忘不了我们在乡下待过的日子。
(when引导限制性定语从句，可用
on
which
代替)
In
the
old
days，when
our
country
was
not
so
strong，peasants
lived
a
hard
life.
在过去，我们的国家还没有这么富强的时候，农民们过着苦日子。(when引导非限制性定语从句，可用in
which
代替)
二、关系副词where
1．where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，在从句中作地点状语。
They
went
into
the
hall
where
the
meeting
was
being
held.他们走进正在开会的大厅。
2．where可以引导非限制性定语从句。
Opposite
is
St.Paul's
Church，where
you
can
hear
some
lovely
music.
对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。
3．关系副词where常可用“介词＋关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。
Japan
is
the
place
where
(in
which)
earthquakes
frequently
happen.日本是地震频繁爆发的地方。
The
office
where
(at
which)
he
works
is
not
far
from
here.他工作的办公室离这儿不远。
4．where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别
引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。
He's
got
himself
into
a
dangerous
situation
where
he
is
likely
to
lose
control
over
the
plane.(定语从句)
他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。
When
you
read
the
book，you'd
better
make
a
mark
where
you
have
questions.(状语从句)
读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。
三、关系副词why
1．why
引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如
reason，excuse，explanation，在从句中作原因状语。
2．关系副词
why
常可用“介词for＋which”来代替。
[名师点津]
why
不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词是
reason，关系副词在定语从句中作状语时，应该用
for
which
引导。
The
reason
why
he
was
absent
sounds
reasonable.
他缺席的原因听起来很合理。(why引导限制性定语从句，可用for
which代替)
Can
you
believe
his
reason
why
he
didn't
attend
the
meeting
yesterday？你能相信他昨天没来开会的理由吗？(why引导限制性定语从句，可用
for
which
代替)
[即时训练1] 关系副词填空
①Between
the
two
parts
of
the
concert
is
an
interval，when
the
audience
can
buy
ice?cream.
②The
days
are
gone
when
physical
strength
was
all
you
needed
to
make
a
living.
③They
have
reached
the
point
where
they
split
up.
④He
wrote
a
letter
where
he
explained
what
had
happened
in
the
accident.
⑤The
reason
why
he
resigned
is
known
to
us.
⑥The
reason
that
he
explained
is
reasonable.
Ⅱ.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋which”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when，where和why。(上面已讲述)
2．“介词＋which/whom”在定语从句中充当目的、方式状语。
This
is
the
pilot
for
whom
I
bought
a
camera.
这就是我为他买了一部相机的那个飞行员。
3．“介词＋which/whom”在含有被动语态的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。
The
tiger
by
which
the
hare
was
eaten
was
still
hungry.
吃了野兔的那只老虎还是很饿。
4．“名词/数词＋of＋which/whom”在定语从句中作主语，其中“名词＋of＋which/whom”＝“whose＋名词”。
Yesterday
I
visited
my
old
friend
Li
Ping，the
children
of
whom(＝whose
children)
are
abroad.
昨天我去拜访了我的老朋友李平，他的孩子在国外。
This
is
the
house，the
windows
of
which(＝whose
windows)
face
to
the
south.
这就是那座房子，它的窗户朝南。
5．“介词＋whose”作定语，修饰其后的名词。
The
boss
in
whose
company
my
father
worked
was
a
kind
person.
我父亲工作过的那个公司的老板是个和善的人。
6．介词的选取。
①根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该动词与介词搭配构成动词短语。
Is
this
the
car
for
which
you
paid
a
high
price?
这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay
for
sth.)
②根据定语从句中的形容词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该形容词与介词搭配构成形容词短语。
He
brought
the
result
with
which
the
boss
was
satisfied.他带来了让老板非常满意的结果。(be
satisfied
with)
③根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。
Do
you
still
remember
the
day
on
which
we
met
for
the
first
time？你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？(on
the
day)
④根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词与介词也不能构成固定的动词短语，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
This
is
the
pilot
with
whom
my
brother
has
worked
for
ten
years.
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
[即时训练2] 介词填空
①He
stood
near
the
window
through
which
he
could
see
the
small
river.
②In
the
dark
street，there
wasn't
a
single
person
to
whom
she
could
turn
for
help.
③Do
you
still
remember
the
days
during
which
we
worked
together?
④This
is
the
pilot
by
whom
my
son
was
saved.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
reason
which/that
he
explained
for
his
being
late
was
that
his
alarm
clock
didn't
work.
2．Life
is
like
a
long
race
where
we
compete
with
others
to
go
beyond
ourselves.
3．I
often
have
the
case
where
I
can't
recognise
my
friend's
voice
on
the
phone.
4．The
questions
were
all
on
opera
subject
about
which
I
know
nothing.
5．Remember
that
there
is
still
one
point
that
we
must
make
clear
at
the
conference
tomorrow.
6．Some
pictures
of
the
river
brought
the
days
back
to
the
old
when
they
swam
in
it.
7．In
a
sports
team
each
player
has
a
clear
role，and
there
are
few
occasions
when
members
are
confused
or
uncertain
of
their
roles.
8．A
survey
was
carried
out
on
the
death
rate
of
new?born
babies
in
that
area，the
results
of
which
were
surprising.
9．The
factory
produces
half
a
million
pairs
of
shoes
every
year，80%
of
which
are
sold
abroad.
10．Many
countries
are
now
setting
up
national
parks
where
animals
and
plants
can
be
protected.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．This
is
the
town
which
I
was
born.
which→where或which前加in
2．I'll
never
forget
the
days
when
I
spent
with
you.
when→that或which
3．That's
the
reason
why
he
explained
to
us.
why→that
4．Yesterday
we
visited
the
West
Lake
with
which
Hangzhou
is
famous.
with→for
5．We'd
better
fix
a
date
in
which
we
will
practice
speaking
English
next
week.
in→on
PAGE
-
1
-The
Sea
Section
Ⅲ Reading(Ⅱ)
(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.agricultural
A．n.发现
( )2.chemical
B．vt.演示；讲演
( )3.handle
C．n.折扣，减价
( )4.department
D．n.吸引人的地方
( )5.present
E．n.戏法，把戏
( )6.discovery
F．n.长度，长
( )7.educate
G．n.化学物
( )8.attraction
H．vi.
&
vt.(长度、数量)为；测量
( )9.discount
I．vt.对付
( )10.trick
J．adj.农业的
( )11.measure
K．vt.教育
( )12.length
L．n.部，系，局，部门
[答案] 1—5 JGILB 6—10 AKDCE
11—12 HF
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.There
is
a
flight
from
here
to
Guangzhou
every
two
hours.
( )2.The
room
is
6
metres
in
length
and
3
metres
in
width.
( )3.Watch
out！There
is
a
car
coming.
( )4.I
do
not
need
to
be
reminded
of
my
past.
( )5.I
have
no
way
yet
to
deal
with
such
a
complicated
situation.
[答案] 1—5 DCABE
Underwater
World
The
Best
Place
to
See
Sea
Creatures
Polar
World
We
have
polar
bears
and
a
real
iceberg(冰山)
too!
You
can
only
see
a
small
part
of
it
above
the
water.It's
three
times
as
big
underwater①.Watch
the
acrobatic
seals(海豹)
at
feeding
time.Meet
our
less
energetic(有活力的)
but
more
friendly
penguins.You'll
love
them!
Ocean
Floor
See
some
of
the
most
beautiful
coral(珊瑚)
and
the
most
unusual
fish
in
the
world.Watch
some
fish
“flying”②
through
the
water.They
are
less
colourful
than
some
other
fish
but
they
move
beautifully.
Sea
Theatre
See
our
intelligent(聪明的)
dolphins.There
are
fantastic
shows
every
two
hours③.
Discovery
Pool
Especially
for
younger
children.They
can
touch
crabs(蟹)
and
other
smaller
creatures.They
can
be
educated
about
daily
life
on
the
beach
in
this
exciting
area.
水下世界
看海洋生物的最佳去处
极地世界
我们这里有北极熊，还有一座真正的冰山！在水面上你只能看见冰山的一小部分。水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。喂食时间你可以观看表演杂技的海豹，会会我们不怎么爱运动却更加友好的企鹅。你会爱上它们的！
海底
看看世界上一些最美的珊瑚和最罕见的鱼。观看鱼“飞”过水面(的场景)。与其他一些鱼类相比，它们的颜色没那么鲜艳，但它们的游姿却很优美。
海洋剧院
看看我们聪明的海豚吧。每两小时就有一场精彩的表演。
探索池
这是专门为小孩子设计的。(在这里)孩子们可以(亲手)触摸螃蟹和其他较小的动物。在这个令人兴奋的地方孩子们可以接受有关海滩上的日常生活的教育。
[助读讲解] ①本句是省略形式，完整表达为The
part
underwater
is
three
times
as
big
as
that
above
the
water。②本句是“watch
sb./sth.doing”结构，类似的动词还有hear，see，notice等。③every
two
hours每两小时。
Virtual
Reality
Voyage
Our
most
up?to?date④
attraction(吸引人的地方)．Come
with
us
on
a
“virtual
reality”
trip
to
the
ocean
floor
and
see
some
of
the
strangest
fish
in
the
world.
Noisiest
Fish.Some
fish
can
produce
sounds
almost
twice
as
loud
as
your
speaking
voice！You
certainly
won't
find
a
noisier
fish⑤.
Prettiest
Fish.Some
fish
attract
other
fish
with
a
light
on
their
body—and
then
eat
them!
They
have
a
huge
mouth
and
can
eat
fish
as
big
as
themselves.Watch
out!
Tiniest
Fish.Look
carefully
for
the
tiniest
fish
in
the
world.It
is
not
as
big
as
a
fly
in
your
house!
Swim
with
dolphins
and
face
an
attack
by
the
most
dangerous
creature
in
the
sea—the
great
white
shark!
See
these
and
many
more!
Special
discount(折扣，减价)
before
the
22nd
so
the
sooner
the
better⑥！
We're
open
every
day
from
10：00
till
19：00.
虚拟现实航行
这是我们最新、最具吸引力的活动。来和我们一起进行“虚拟现实”航行吧！到海底走一走，看看世界上一些最奇异的鱼。
·最吵的鱼：有些鱼发出的声音几乎是你讲话声音的两倍大！你绝对找不到(比它们)更吵闹的鱼。
·最漂亮的鱼：有些鱼用它们身上的光来吸引其他的鱼——然后吃掉它们！它们有一张大嘴可以吞下与它们自身一样大的鱼。当心哦！
·最小的鱼：仔细寻找这种世界上最小的鱼，它还没有你房中的苍蝇大。和海豚一起游泳，面对海洋中最危险的动物——大白鲨的袭击！
快来参观吧，还有好多动物呢！22日前特价，所以越早(订票)越好！我们每天早上10点开门，晚上7点关门。
[助读讲解] ④up?to?date最近的，最新的；
out?of?date过时的，过期的。⑤本句是省略句，完整形式为You
certainly
won't
find
a
noisier
fish
than
it.；此处是“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级的含义。⑥the
sooner
the
better越早越好。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P12教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．We
can
see
an
iceberg
fully
above
the
water.( )
2．We
can
see
the
common
fish
in
the
Ocean
Floor.( )
3．Some
fish
can
produce
sounds
almost
twice
as
loud
as
your
speaking
voice.( )
4．The
shark
is
the
most
dangerous.( )
[答案] 1－4 FFTF
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P12教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What
character
do
the
penguins
have?
A．Friendly
and
more
energetic.
B．Friendly
and
less
energetic.
C．Clever
and
friendly.
D．Less
energetic
and
clever.
2．How
often
do
the
dolphins
have
their
fantastic
shows?
A．Three
hours.
B．Every
three
hours.
C．Two
hours.
D．Every
two
hours.
3．How
do
some
fish
attract
other
fish
and
then
eat
them?
A．With
a
sudden
laughter.
B．With
a
big
noise.
C．With
a
light
on
their
body.
D．With
a
light
in
their
huge
mouth.
4．The
tiniest
fish
in
the
Underwater
World
is
．
A．not
as
small
as
a
fly
B．not
as
big
as
a
fly
C．as
big
as
a
fly
D．bigger
than
a
fly
5．What
can't
you
see
during
the
Virtual
Reality
Voyage?
A．The
tiniest
fish.
B．The
prettiest
fish.
C．Polar
bears.
D．The
noisiest
fish.
[答案] 1－5 BDCBC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P12教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Welcome
1.to
Underwater
World.You
can
watch
the
polar
bears，a
real
iceberg，acrobatic
seals
and
meet
the
friendly
penguins
in
the
“Polar
World”．If
you
go
to
the
“Ocean
Floor”，you
can
see
the
most
beautiful
coral
and
the
most
2.unusual(usual)
fish
that
appear
3.to
fly(fly)
through
the
water.In
the
“Sea
Theatre”，you
can
see
our
intelligent
dolphins.And
in
the
“Discovery
Pool”，younger
children
can
touch
crabs
and
other
smaller
creatures.4.They
can
be
educated
about
daily
life
on
the
beach
in
this
5.exciting(excite)
area.And
on
the
“Virtual
Reality
Voyage”，you
can
enjoy
some
of
6.the
strangest
fish
in
the
world.You
can
see
the
prettiest
fish
that
use
a
light
on
their
body
7.to
attract(attract)
other
fish，the
noisiest
fish
8.that
can
produce
sounds
almost
twice
as
loud
as
your
speaking
voice
and
the
tiniest
fish
that
is
9.smaller
(small)
than
a
fly.Here
you
can
also
swim
with
dolphins
and
face
an
attack
by
the
most
10.dangerous
(danger)
creature
in
the
sea—the
great
white
shark.
PAGE
-
1
-The
Sea
Section
Ⅳ Language
Points(Ⅱ) (Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Something
must
be
done
to
prevent
our
city
from
being
polluted(污染)
by
thick
smoke.
2．A
new
man
was
appointed
to
handle(处理)
the
crisis.
3．The
shop
is
newly
open，and
goods
in
it
sell
at
a
discount(打折)．
4．The
real
voyage
of
discovery(发现)
consists
not
in
seeking
new
landscapes
but
in
having
new
eyes.
5．Be
sure
to
set
aside
at
least
an
hour
a
day
for
sports.It
will
make
you
healthy
and
energetic(精力充沛的)．
6．The
train
went
slower
and
slower
until
it
stopped
altogether．
7．When
presenting
a
speech
in
public，don't
be
nervous.
8．Hainan
Island
attracts
visitors
not
only
in
winter
but
also
in
summer.
9．Don't
measure
your
success
next
to
someone
else.Decide
what
you
want
for
you
and
do
that.
10．Films
and
TV
series
ought
to
educate
the
young
but
not
to
ruin
them.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．pollute
vt.污染；弄脏→pollution
n．污染
2．agriculture
n．农业→agricultural
adj.农业的
3．chemical
n．化学物→chemist
n．化学家；药剂师→chemistry
n．化学
4．intelligent
adj.有灵性的；聪明的→intelligence
n．智力，理解力
5．energy
n．精力；能源→energetic
adj.有活力的
6．attract
vt.吸引→attractive
adj.吸引人的→attraction
n．吸引人的地方
7．long
adj.长的→length
n．长度，长
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be
reminded
of
被提醒
2．watch
out
注意
3．be
well
educated
受到良好的教育
4．be
present
at
出席
5．make
a
living
谋生
6．deal
with
处理
7．sound
like
听起来像
8．be
similar
to
与……相似
9．in
length
在长度上
10．every
two
hours
每两小时
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．I
like
those
people
who
are
well
educated
and
not
skin?deep.
2．Ten
members
were
present
at
the
meeting，including
me.
3．There
are
several
specific
problems
to
be
dealt
with．
4．The
accident
was
similar
to
one
that
happened
in
1973.
5．This
desk
is
four
feet
in
length
and
two
feet
wide.
adj.＋?th→n.
v.＋宾语＋of→复合短语
width
宽depth
深warmth
温暖
inform
sb.of
告知某人某事cure
sb.of
治愈某人某种疾病suspect
sb.of
怀疑某人某事
1.
Well，they're
animals
of
high
intelligence
and
they
can
communicate.
哦，它们(海豚)是高智商的动物，能够进行交流。
[记句式结构]be＋of＋名词
[仿写促落实]这种产品质量好价格也不贵。
The
product
is
of
high
quality
and
is
not
expensive
either.
2.
OK，I'm
going
to
make
a
project
book
with
lots
of
pictures
in
it.
好，我将做一份有许多示意图的计划书。
[记句式结构]with＋宾语＋宾补
[仿写促落实]她含着眼泪说了声再见。
She
said
goodbye
with
tears
in
her
eyes.
(教材P10)ban
vt.禁止
n．禁令；禁止
ban
doing
sth. 禁止做某事
ban
sb.from
doing
sth.
禁止某人做某事
put/place
a
ban
on...
禁止……
a
ban
on/against...
对……的禁令
①The
government
is
thinking
about
banning
smoking
on
public
transport.
政府正在考虑禁止在公交车上吸烟。
②He
was
banned
from
driving(drive)
for
three
years.
他被禁驾3年。
③Most
people
are
for
the
ban
on
smoking
in
public
buildings.
多数人赞成在公共场所吸烟的禁令。
make
a
living谋生
(教材P11)They
also
try
to
help
people
to
get
other
kinds
of
jobs
so
there
are
less
people
trying
to
make
a
living
from
fishing.
他们也尝试帮渔民们得到其他类型的工作，这样以捕鱼为生的人会少一些。
以……谋生
谋生
①Nowadays，tens
of
thousands
of
peasants
pour
into
cities
to
make/earn
a
better
living.
现在，成千上万的农民涌进城市以求过上更好的生活。
②Her
dream
was
to
earn
her
(she)
living
as
a
singer.
她的梦想是靠当歌手来谋生。
present
n．礼物；现在adj.出席的；现在的；当前的；存在的v.提出；赠送；呈现
(教材P11)How
will
you
present
your
project?
你将如何展示你的计划？
写出下列句子中present的含义
①I'd
like
to
present
my
report
to
you
all.呈现
②I
only
have
20
yuan
to
buy
Tom
a
Christmas
present.礼物
③The
present
situation
is
stable.当前的
④His
black?and?white
pictures
present
a
world
almost
lost
in
time.展示
⑤People
present
at
the
meeting
were
mostly
scientists
from
different
parts
of
the
world.出席的
(1)授予/赠送某人某物
(2)be
present
at
出席
(3)at
present
目前，现在
for
the
present
暂时
⑥The
children
presented
flowers
to
the
teachers.
＝The
children
presented
the
teachers
with
flowers.
孩子们向老师赠送鲜花。
⑦People
present
at
the
meeting
were
mostly
scientists
from
different
parts
of
the
world.
出席会议的主要是来自世界各地的科学家。
⑧(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解C篇)At
present，these
technologies
are
still
expensive，though.
然而，目前这些科技还很昂贵。
[图形助记]
n．现在
v．讲演，演示 v．赠送
adj.在场的，现在的
n．礼物
every
two
hours
每两小时
(教材P12)There
are
fantastic
shows
every
two
hours.
每两小时有一场精彩的表演。
every＋基数词＋复数名词 每……
every＋序数词＋单数名词 每第……
every
other＋单数名词
每隔一……
every
few＋复数名词
每隔几……
①These
plants
are
watered
every
other
day.
这些植物要每隔一天浇一次水。
②You'd
better
plant
a
tree
every
five
metres/every
fifth
metre.你最好每5米植一棵树。
attract
vt.吸引，招引；有吸引力
(教材P12)Some
fish
attract
other
fish
with
a
light
on
their
body—and
then
eat
them!
有些鱼用它们身上的光来吸引其他的鱼——然后吃掉它们！
(1)attract
one's
attention 引起某人的注意
attract
sb.to...
把某人吸引到……
(2)attractive
adj.
吸引人的
(3)attraction
n.
吸引人的地方
have
an
attraction
for
sb.
对某人具有吸引力
①She
was
attracted
by
his
smile.
她被他的微笑吸引住了。
②Schools
must
try
to
make
science
more
attractive(attract)
to
youngsters.
学校必须尽力使科学更能吸引年轻人。
③The
beautiful
beaches
are
the
Maldives'
main
attraction(attract)．
漂亮的海滩是马尔代夫主要的吸引人之处。
[名师点津]
表示“引起某人注意”的短语还有：
(1)attract
one's
attention
(2)draw/catch
one's
attention/eye
watch
out注意
(教材P12)They
have
a
huge
mouth
and
can
eat
fish
as
big
as
themselves.Watch
out!
它们有一张大嘴可以吞下与它们自身一样大的鱼。当心哦！
(1)watch
out
for 当心，提防；注意(后需跟宾语)
watch
over 照看，看守；保护
(2)be
on
watch 值班；监督
keep
a
watch
on 监视
①Watch
out
for
cars
when
you
cross
the
road.
过马路时要当心车辆。
②There
must
have
been
an
angel
watching
over
me
that
day.那天一定是有天使在保佑我。
[名师点津]
英语中表示“当心”的短语还有be
careful，look
out等。
discount
n．折扣，减价
v.
打折扣；不重视
(教材P12)
Special
discount
before
the
22nd
so
the
sooner
the
better!
22日前特价，所以越早(订票)越好！
at
a
discount 打折
discount
price
折扣价
give
a
discount
给予折扣
①We
give
a
10%
discount
for
cash.
现金付款，我们给予九折优惠。
②The
store
discounted(discount)
all
clothing
for
the
sale.
该店服装全部减价出售。
[名师点津]
discount指某物减价出售时所减去的百分比。中文“折扣”意为扣除所减之百分比后余下的百分比。换句话说，中文说九折，英文是10%
discount。
measure
vt.度量(大小、长短等)；测量；打量；估量
(教材P13)An
average
fish
like
this
measures
90
centimetres
in
length，and
it
can
weigh
as
much
as
30
kilos.
像这样的鱼，平均每条有90厘米长，并且体重可达30千克。
(1)take
measures
to
do
sth.采取措施做某事
make...to
one's
own
measure根据某人的尺寸做(衣服)
take
sb.'s
measure
给某人量尺寸
(2)be
measured
by/in...
用……来计算/衡量
①Scientists
haven't
measured
the
positive
effects
of
laughter
on
children.
笑对孩子们的正面影响有多大，科学家还没有对此作出评估。
②My
mother
made
me
a
pair
of
trousers
to
my
measure.
我妈妈按照我的尺寸给我做了一条裤子。
③It
is
high
time
that
we
should
take
measures(measure)
to
protect
endangered
animals.
是我们采取措施保护濒危动物的时候了。
[名师点津]
当measure表示“量起来有……长/高/宽……”时，是不及物动词，不用被动语态。
(教材P11)Well，they're
animals
of
high
intelligence
and
they
can
communicate.
哦，它们(海豚)是高智商的动物，能够进行交流。
【要点提炼】 句中
of
high
intelligence
作后置定语，修饰
animals。of
high
intelligence
属于“of＋名词”结构，该结构可在句中作表语、定语和补语。
“of＋名词”结构因名词的不同可分为两类：
(1)可转化为形容词的。该类“of＋名词”结构中的名词有对应的形容词，常见名词有
value，use，importance，help，interest，benefit等。名词前可用
no，some，any，little，much，great等修饰词。
(2)不能转化为形容词的。这类“of＋名词”结构中的名词无对应的形容词。常见名词有
size，weight，height，length，width，age，opinion，colour，kind
等，名词前可用a，an，the
same
等修饰词。
①His
suggestion
was
of
little
help.
他的建议没有帮助。
②What
you
said
is
of
no
interest
to
me.
＝What
you
said
is
not
interesting(interest)
to
me.
我对你说的不感兴趣。
③The
two
children
are
of
the
same
age，but
of
different
heights(high)．
这两个孩子年龄相同，但身高不同。
(教材P11)OK，I'm
going
to
make
a
project
book
with
lots
of
pictures
in
it．
好，我将做一份有许多示意图的计划书。
【要点提炼】 句中的“with
lots
of
pictures
in
it”是“with＋n.＋介词短语”结构，在句中作定语。
with复合结构还有以下几种形式：
①I
can't
focus
my
attention
on
my
study
with
the
boys
shouting.
孩子们大喊大叫，我不能集中注意力学习。
②Tom
went
out
to
play
with
his
homework
unfinished(finish)．
汤姆未做完家庭作业就出去玩了。
③The
manager
was
very
worried
with
so
many
problems
to
settle(settle)．
有这么多问题要解决，经理很着急。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With
you
standing(stand)
there，we
can't
work.
2．That
guy
tricked
me
into
paying
too
much
money!
3．It
was
to
my
own
measure
that
the
tailor
made
a
suit.
4．I
bought
these
books
at
a
discount
and
had
two
hundred
dollars
saved.
5．He
minds
so
much
about
his
position
in
the
office
that
he
watches
out
for
any
chance
to
be
promoted.
6．He
is
old
enough
to
make
a/his
living
now
and
please
don't
worry
about
him
any
more.
7．Weather
plays
a
significant
part
in
agriculture(agricultural)．
8．Detective
novels
used
to
hold
a
special
attraction(attract)
for
me.
9．The
thief
was
forced
into
the
post
station
with
his
hands
tied(tie)
back.
10．The
bus
goes
every
tenth(ten)
minute
and
it's
convenient
for
you
to
go
to
the
city.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．With
so
many
people
communicated
in
English
every
day，it
will
become
more
and
more
important
to
have
a
good
knowledge
of
English.
communicated→communicating
2．Seed
industry
was
of
high
valuable
to
investment.
valuable→value
3．We
should
watch
out
those
friends
in
disguise.
out后加for
4．He
goes
to
town
every
other
days
to
buy
things.
days→day
5．He
was
banned
from
attend
the
meeting.
attend→attending
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I
have
never
read
a
more
interesting
novel．
这是我读过的最有趣的小说。
2．These
remarks
of
yours
are
of
great
value
to
us．
你的这些话对我们来说很有帮助。
3．With
many
things
to
deal
with，I
have
to
work
day
and
night.
有许多事要处理，我不得不夜以继日地工作。
4．It
seemed
as
if
the
suit
was
made
to
his
own
measure．
这套衣服看起来似乎是按照他的尺寸做的。
5．Mike
gets
to
school
earlier
than
any
other
student
in
his
class．
迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。
形容词和副词的比较级
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.It's
three
times
as
big
underwater.2.They
are
less
colourful
than
some
other
fish
but
they
move
beautifully.3.Some
fish
can
produce
sounds
almost
twice
as
loud
as
your
speaking
voice！4.They
have
a
huge
mouth
and
can
eat
fish
as
big
as
themselves.
以上四句均含有比较结构，其中例句1，3为倍数表达方式，其结构为：倍数＋as...as；例句2为比较级，其结构为：less...than...；例句4为同级的比较用法，其结构为：as...as。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是高考必考的语法项目，必须熟练掌握其用法。对于形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法应注意以下具体问题：
一、表示倍数的几个句型
1．A
is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
2．A
is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
3．A
is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight，width等)＋of＋B
4．A
is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
5．A
is＋倍数＋what
从句
When
you
study
the
local
map，you'll
find
this
town
is
twice
the
size
of
that
one/as
large
as
that
one.当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。
The
output
of
this
year
is
4
times
that
of
2015.
＝The
output
of
this
year
is
4
times
what
it
was
in
2015.
今年的产量是2015年的四倍。
二、形容词/副词的比较等级
1．as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(1)“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，否定句可用so
代替第一个as。
Jack
is
as
old
as
Jim.杰克和吉姆一般大。
He
doesn't
run
so(as)
fast
as
his
brother.
他没有他弟弟跑得快。
(2)as...as中间使用名词要遵循以下原则：
He
is
as
brave
a
man
as
Dong
Cunrui.
他是一个像董存瑞一样勇敢的人。
Henry
does
not
have
so/as
many
books
as
(have)．
亨利的书没有我的书多。
The
book
is
less
interesting
than
that
one.
这本书不如那本书有趣。
(3)比较级前可加表示程度的词或倍数词，如：even，still，much，any，rather，yet，(by)far，a
lot，a
bit，a
little，a
great
deal，twice，three
times等。
Are
you
feeling
any
better？你感觉好点了吗？
[名师点津] by
far
修饰比较级
by
far
修饰比较级时，应放在比较级之后；若放在比较级之前，则应在比较级和by
far
之间加定冠词the。
He
is
taller
by
far
than
his
younger
brother.
他比他弟弟高多了。
He
is
by
far
the
taller
of
them
two.
他是他们两人中较高的一个。
2．“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示：越……，越……
The
more
you
talked，the
less
attention
he
paid
to
you.
你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。
3．“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示：越来越……
The
new
city
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful.
这座新城市变得越来越美丽了。
4．否定词＋比较级＝最高级
He
has
never
been
happier
than
today.
他从没有比今天更开心过。
5．“the＋比较级＋of
the
two＋名词”表示：两者中较/更……的一个。
Of
the
two
cameras，I
would
prefer
the
smaller
one，which
is
very
easy
for
me
to
carry.
这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的那个，它容易携带。
[名师点津]
“not＋比较级＋than”表示前者不如后者；“no＋比较级＋than”表示对两者的否定，意为“和……一样不……”，与neither...nor或“as＋相反意义的形容词＋as”相当。
This
book
is
not
more
interesting
than
that
one.
这本书不如那本书有趣。
This
book
is
no
more
interesting
than
that
one.
＝Neither
this
book
nor
that
one
is
interesting.
＝This
book
is
as
uninteresting
as
that
one.
这本书和那本书都很乏味。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There
are
more(many)
new
beautiful
spots
here
than
in
other
cities
of
China.
2．This
lesson
is
easier(easy)
than
the
last
one.
3．Of
the
two
girls
I'm
teaching，I
find
Nancy
the
cleverer(clever)．
4．Gold
is
less(little)
useful
than
iron.
5．My
sister
is
two
years
older(old)
than
I.
6．The
boy
runs
almost
as
badly(badly)
as
Joe.
7．Get
an
early
start
and
try
to
be
as
productive
as
possible
before
lunch.
8．He
could
drive
as
carefully(carefully)
as
his
father.
9．This
article
is
slightly(稍微地)
better(well)
organized
than
that
one.
10．We
all
love
ourselves
more(much)
and
hate
ourselves
less(little)than
we
ought.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They
were
also
the
best
and
worse
years
in
my
life.worse→worst
2．The
dishes
I
cooked
were
Mom's
favoritest.favoritest→favorite
3．My
mum
makes
the
better
biscuits
in
the
world，so
I
decided
to
ask
her
for
help.better→best
4．I
understood
he
missed
us
just
as
many
as
we
missed
him.many→much
5．I
learned
early
in
life
that
I
had
to
be
more
patient
and
little
aggressive.little→less
PAGE
-
1
-The
Sea
Section
Ⅴ Reading
(Ⅲ)
(Lesson
4
&Communication
Workshop)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.horrible
A．vi.不同意，意见不合
( )2.float
B．vi.(因恐惧、疼痛、兴奋等)尖声大叫
( )3.escape
C．vi.下沉；沉没
( )4.scream
D．adj.当地的，地方性的
( )5.sink
E．n.对立的人(物)；反义词
( )6.recognise
F．vi.渗漏；泄露
( )7.opposite
G．vi.漂，浮
( )8.leak
H．adj.可怕的；令人厌恶的
( )9.local
I．vt.辨认出
( )10.disagree
J．vi.逃脱，逃跑
[答案] 1—5 HGJBC 6—10 IEFDA
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.The
sun's
rays
can
penetrate(穿过)
water
up
to
10
feet.
( )2.And
every
time
I
ask
you
who
you
have
to
bring
back.
( )3.The
two
West
African
states
had
broken
off
relations
two
years
ago.
( )4.Remember
that
time
she
picked
up
my
daughter
when
I
was
ill?
( )5.In
addition，we'll
discuss
the
question
of
division
of
labour.
[答案] 1－5 DCBEA
A
It
may
seem
strange，but
at
that
moment，when
we
were
on
the
edge
of
the
whirlpool(漩涡)①，I
felt
calmer
than
when
we
were
moving
towards
it.We
went
round
and
round，nearer
and
nearer
to
the
horrible
edge
of
the
whirlpool.Suddenly，we
went
over
the
edge.I
thought
my
life
was
over.But
moment
after
moment
passed，and
I
was
still
safe.The
boat
was
on
the
inside
of
the
huge
whirlpool
and
we
were
going
round
in
circles
at
great
speed②.I
saw
clearly
that
there
were
other
objects
in
the
whirlpool—trees
and
barrels.I
noticed
that
the
heavier
objects
went
down
more
quickly
than
the
smaller，lighter
ones.So
I
tied
myself
to
a
barrel(圆桶)
to
help
me
float.I
tried
to
make
my
brother
understand③，but
he
was
terrified(令人感到恐惧)
and
stayed
in
the
heavy
boat.Without
waiting，I
dived
into
the
sea
to
try
and
escape.
A
这可能看起来有点儿怪，但正当我们位于漩涡边缘时，我觉得比当我们靠近它时更平静了些。我们一圈圈地转着，离可怕的漩涡边缘越来越近。突然，我们过了漩涡的边缘。我觉得我完了。但时间一点点地过去，我仍然是安全的。船在巨大的漩涡内，我们在高速地旋转着。我清楚地看到漩涡里还有其他物体——树和木桶。我发现较重的物体比较小、较轻的物体下沉得快得多。所以我把自己捆在一个木桶上，以帮助自己漂起来。我努力使我哥哥明白这一点，但他十分恐惧，呆坐在沉重的木船里。刻不容缓，我跳入海里设法逃生。
[助读讲解] ①when引导定语从句，修饰先行词that
moment。②at
great
speed以高速度。③make
sb.do结构，表示“让某人做某事”，跟不带to的不定式，变成被动语态必须加上to。
B
About
three
years
ago，something
terrible
happened
to
me.Those
six
hours
of
terror
have
broken
my
body
and
soul(灵魂)．You
think
I
am
a
very
old
man—but
I
am
not.It
took
less
than
a
single
day
to
change
my
hair
from
black
to
white④.One
day，my
two
brothers
and
I
were
coming
back
from
the
islands，our
boat
full
of
fish⑤.All
at
once，the
sky
was
covered
with
dark
clouds
and
in
less
than
a
minute
we
were
in
a
terrible
storm.An
enormous
wave
covered
our
boat
and
my
younger
brother
fell
into
the
sea.Our
boat
survived，and
I
was
trying
to
recover
when⑥
my
elder
brother
put
his
mouth
close
to
my
ear，and
screamed
out
the
terrifying
word
“Whirlpool！”
With
the
wind
and
waves
we
were
going
in
the
direction
of
the
whirlpool，and
nothing
could
save
us！
B
大约三年前，可怕的事情发生在我身上。那六个小时的恐惧使我身心俱毁。你会认为我是一个老人——但我不是。不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。一天，我和我的两个兄弟正从海岛返回，船上载满了鱼。突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就卷入了可怕的暴风雨中。滔天巨浪向我们的船打来，我弟弟掉进了海里。我们的船保住了，我正竭力(从恐惧中)回过神来，这时(突然)，哥哥把嘴凑到我耳旁大声地喊出了那个令人恐惧的词——漩涡！风浪把我们推向了漩涡的方向，什么也救不了我们！
④本句是“it
takes/took
sb.some
time
to
do
sth.”句型。⑤our
boat
full
of
fish是独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。⑥be
doing...when...正在做……这时(突然)……，when是并列连词。
C
As
you
can
see⑦，I
did
escape.I
will
bring
my
story
quickly
to
a
conclusion.Some
time
after
I
left
the
boat，with
my
brother
in
it⑧，it
sank
into
the
bottom
of
the
whirlpool.Soon
afterwards，the
whirlpool
became
less
violent.Then
the
sky
was
clear，the
wind
calmer
and
the
moon
was
shining.I
was
still
tied
to
the
barrel
and
the
waves
soon
carried
me
to
an
area
where
the
other
fishermen
were⑨.In
the
end，a
boat
picked
me
up.I
was
very
tired.The
fishermen
were
my
old
friends，but
they
were
unable
to
recognise
me.When
I
told
them
my
story，they
did
not
believe
it.Now
I
have
told
you，and
I
cannot
expect
you
to
believe
me
more
than
the
fishermen
did.
(Adapted
from
A
Descent
into
the
Maelstrom
by
Edgar
Allan
Poe)
C
如你所见，我的确得救了。我将很快结束我的故事。我离开船后不久，哥哥随着船一起沉入了漩涡底部。不久以后，漩涡变得不那么猛烈了。然后天晴了，风小了，皎洁的月光洒在海面上。我依然被捆在木桶上，海浪很快把我带到了其他渔夫那儿。最后，一条船把我救了起来。(这时)我是非常累的。那些渔夫是我的老朋友，但他们都认不出我了。我给他们讲述我的故事时，他们都不相信。现在我讲给你听了，(当然)我也没指望你会比那些渔夫更相信我。
摘自埃德加·爱伦·坡的
《大漩涡底余生记》
[助读讲解] ⑦as引导定语从句，as代指这个主句I
did
escape。⑧with
my
brother
in
it是with复合结构。⑨where引导定语从句，修饰先行词area。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P14－15教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.A a．I
fought
against
the
whirlpool.
2．Para.B
b．I
found
the
whirlpool.
3．Para.C
c．I
was
rescued.
[答案] 1－3
bac
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P14－15教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Why
did
the
writer's
younger
brother
fall
into
the
sea?
A．He
fell
into
the
sea
by
accident.
B．He
jumped
into
the
sea
in
order
to
survive.
C．He
was
washed
overboard
by
an
enormous
wave.
D．He
wanted
to
save
his
brother.
2．Why
did
the
boat
go
towards
the
whirlpool?
A．They
drove
it
towards
the
whirlpool
to
save
the
writer's
younger
brother.
B．The
wind
and
waves
were
in
that
direction.
C．They
wanted
to
go
to
safer
places.
D．Nothing
could
save
them.
3．Why
did
the
writer
tie
himself
to
a
barrel?
A．He
did
that
to
save
his
brother.
B．There
was
only
a
barrel
in
the
whirlpool
at
that
moment.
C．Lighter
objects
like
a
barrel
went
down
more
slowly.
D．His
brother
told
him
to
do
so.
4．Why
didn't
his
brother
tie
himself
to
a
barrel，too?
A．He
was
too
frightened.
B．He
thought
it
was
dangerous
to
do
so.
C．He
had
no
time
to
do
so.
D．He
wouldn't
leave
the
boat.
5．Why
were
his
old
friends
unable
to
recognise
him?
A．Because
he
was
too
old
to
be
recognised.
B．Because
his
hair
was
white，not
black.
C．Because
they
didn't
want
to
recognise
him.
D．Because
they
didn't
know
him
at
all.
[答案] 1－5 CBCAB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P14－15教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
It
may
seem
strange.When
we
were
on
the
edge
of
the
whirlpool，I
felt
1.calmer(calm)
than
when
we
were
moving
towards
it.We
went
round
and
round，nearer
and
nearer
to
the
horrible
edge
of
the
whirlpool.2.Suddenly(sudden)，we
went
over
the
edge.I
thought
my
life
3.was(be)
over.But
I
was
still
safe.The
boat
was
on
the
inside
of
the
huge
whirlpool
4.and
we
were
going
round
in
circles
at
great
speed.I
saw
5.clearly(clear)
there
were
other
objects
in
the
whirlpool.I
noticed
that
the
heavier
objects
went
down
more
quickly
than
the
smaller，lighter
ones.So
I
tied
myself
to
a
barrel
to
help
me
float.I
tried
to
make
my
brother
understand，but
he
was
6.terrified(terrify)
and
stayed
in
the
heavy
boat.Without
waiting，I
dived
into
the
sea
to
try
and
escape.
I
7.did(do)
escape
at
last.Some
time
8.after
I
left
the
boat，with
my
brother
in
9.it，it
sank
into
the
bottom
of
the
whirlpool.10.Then
the
sky
was
clear，the
wind
calmer
and
the
moon
was
shining.In
the
end，a
boat
picked
me
up.I
got
safe.
PAGE
-
1
-The
Sea
Section
Ⅶ Writing——如何写调查报告
写调查报告要写明调查的原因、调查过程、调查结果以及你得出的结论。一般而言，写调查报告时要从以下几个方面进行分析和写作：
首先，根据题目中所给的现象和问题做一些客观的介绍，通常使用的时态是一般现在时。这类题目一般会给出一个图表、列举一些数据或一些事实。我们首先要描述这个图表中的信息。
常见的写作方法有：
1．按调查的先后顺序逐次写；
2．按事物发展的阶段来写；
3．将两种事物进行对比，以显示其是非、优劣，找出其差异来写；
4．按调查对象的特点分门别类来写。
其次，分析这些数据或事实反映出的问题。这部分不是调查报告的主体，通常用一两句话阐述就可以。但要做到“一针见血”，即观点提炼准确、鲜明。
最后，通常在文章的最后一段阐述作者个人的看法和建议。
1．According
to
a
survey...
2．I've
made
a
survey
and
find
that...
3．A
recent
study
shows
that...
4．No
one
could
have
failed
to
notice
the
fact
that...
5．As
far
as
I
know...
6．Some...while
some...
7．I
think...
8．In
my
opinion...
9．I
hope...
10．I
advise
that...
假设你是李军，你在9月6日给当地环保局写了一份报告，报告你们家乡的北湖(North
Lake)的现状，内容应包括以下要点：
1．北湖曾经是旅游景点，水清鱼多；
2．现在由于工农业污染和当地渔民的过度捕捞，湖水受到污染，鱼类资源几近枯竭；
3．你的建议……
注意：1.介绍上述所有内容，并适当发挥；
2．词数100左右；报告的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
环保局The
Bureau
of
Environmental
Protection
To：The
Bureau
of
Environmental
Protection
From：Li
Jun
Date：6th
September，2018
Subject：The
Situation
of
North
Lake
体裁
调查报告
时态
一般现在时为主
主题
北湖状况
人称
第三人称为主
结构
第一段：北湖今昔对比；第二段：提出问题；第三段：合理建议。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．a
place
of
interest
一处名胜
2．various
各种各样的
3．in
conclusion
总之
4．strengthen
the
awareness
of
environmental
protection
加强环境保护意识
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．Due
to
the
industrial
and
agricultural
waste，the
water
has
been
polluted.
由于工业和农业废物，水已经被污染了。
2．It
should
educate
the
local
people
to
raise
the
awareness
of
environmental
protection．
应该教育当地人提高环境保护意识。
(二)句式升级
3．North
Lake's
water
was
very
clear.North
Lake
used
to
be
a
place
of
interest
and
there
were
various
fish
in
it.(用定语从句合并句子)
North
Lake，whose
water
was
very
clear，used
to
be
a
place
of
interest
and
there
were
various
fish
in
it.
4．A
certain
department
needs
to
do
something
to
handle
the
problem.The
fish
in
it
will
altogether
disappear.(用适当的连词合并句子)
A
certain
department
needs
to
do
something
to
handle
the
problem，or
the
fish
in
it
will
altogether
disappear.
【参考范文】
To：The
Bureau
of
Environmental
Protection
From：Li
Jun
Date：6th
September，2018
Subject：The
Situation
of
North
Lake
North
Lake
used
to
be
a
place
of
interest，whose
water
was
very
clear，and
there
were
various
fish
in
it.Every
year
many
visitors
come
to
North
Lake.But
now
the
situation
is
becoming
worse.Due
to
the
industrial
and
agricultural
waste，the
water
has
been
polluted.The
fish
are
becoming
fewer
and
fewer
because
of
the
pollution
and
over?fishing.
In
conclusion，a
certain
department
needs
to
do
something
to
handle
the
problem，or
the
fish
in
it
will
altogether
disappear.
First，it
should
educate
the
local
people
to
raise
the
awareness
of
environmental
protection.Second，it
should
help
the
fishermen
to
find
other
ways
to
make
a
living.
PAGE
-
1
-The
Sea
【导读】 在欧美国家，圣诞节是最主要的节日之一，人们都希望自己的愿望能在这个重要的节日里得到满足。哥哥的愿望是什么呢？
Brother's
Wish
A
friend
of
mine
named
Paul
received
an
automobile
from
his
brother
as
a
Christmas
present.On
Christmas
Eve
when
Paul
came
out
of
his
office，a
street
urchin
was
walking
around
the
shiny
new
car，admiring
it.【1】
“Is
this
your
car，sir？”
he
asked.
Paul
nodded
and
said，“My
brother
gave
it
to
me
for
Christmas.”
The
boy
was
very
astounded.“You
mean
your
brother
gave
it
to
you
and
it
didn't
cost
you
anything?
Boy，I
really
wish...”
he
hesitated.
Of
course
Paul
knew
what
he
was
going
to
wish
for.He
was
going
to
wish
he
had
a
brother
like
that.But
what
the
lad
said
jarred
Paul
all
the
way.【2】
“I
wish，”
the
boy
went
on，“that
I
could
be
a
brother
like
that.”
Paul
looked
at
the
boy
in
astonishment，and
then
impulsively
he
added，“Would
you
like
to
go
for
a
ride
in
my
car？”
“Oh
yes，I'd
love
that！”
After
a
short
ride，the
boy
turned
with
his
eyes
aglow
and
said，“Sir，would
you
mind
driving
in
front
of
my
house？”
Paul
smiled
a
little.He
thought
he
knew
what
the
lad
wanted
to
do.He
wanted
to
show
his
neighbours
that
he
could
go
home
in
a
big
automobile.But
Paul
was
wrong
again.“Will
you
stop
where
those
two
steps
are？”
the
boy
asked.
He
ran
up
the
steps.Then
after
a
while
Paul
heard
him
coming
back，but
he
was
not
coming
fast.He
was
carrying
his
little
crippled
brother.He
sat
him
on
the
bottom
step，then
sort
of
squeezed
up
against
him
and
pointed
to
the
car.
He
said，“There
it
is，buddy，just
like
I
told
you
upstairs.His
brother
gave
it
to
him
for
Christmas.And
some
day
I'm
gonna
give
you
one
just
like
it，then
you
can
see
by
yourself
all
the
pretty
things
in
the
Christmas
windows
that
I've
been
trying
to
tell
you
about.”
Paul
got
out
and
lifted
the
crippled
lad
to
the
front
seat
of
his
car.The
elder
brother
climbed
in
and
sat
beside
him.The
three
of
them
began
a
memorable
holiday
ride.
On
that
Christmas
Eve，Paul
learned
what
Jesus
meant
when
he
said：“It
is
more
blessed
to
give...”
哥哥的愿望
我有一个名叫保罗的朋友，他的哥哥送他一辆汽车作为圣诞礼物。圣诞节前夕，保罗离开办公室时，一个街上的流浪儿绕着那辆闪闪发亮的新车转，十分羡慕。
他问：“先生，这是你的车吗？”
保罗点点头说：“这是我哥哥送给我的圣诞节礼物。”男孩很惊讶，支支吾吾地说：“你是说这是你哥哥送你的礼物，没花你一分钱？哇，我真希望……”
保罗当然知道那个男孩希望什么。他希望能有一个像那样的哥哥。但小男孩说的话却完全出乎了保罗的意料。
“我希望自己能成为送车给弟弟的哥哥。”男孩继续说。
保罗惊讶地看着那个男孩，然后冲动地说：“你要不要坐我的车去兜风？”
“哦，当然好了，我太想坐了！”
车开了一小段路后，那个男孩转过头来，眼睛闪闪发光地说：“先生，你能不能在我家门前开车？”
保罗笑了笑，他想他知道那个少年想干什么。他想向邻居展示，他坐了一辆大汽车回家。但是这次保罗又错了。“你能把车停在那两个台阶所在的地方吗？”男孩问道。
男孩跑上了阶梯，然后过了一会儿保罗听到他回来了，但动作有些缓慢。原来他把他跛脚的弟弟带出来了，让他坐在底下的台阶上，然后紧紧地抱着他，指着那辆车。
他说：“兄弟，你看，这就是我刚才在楼上对你说的那辆车。这是他的哥哥送给他的圣诞礼物！将来有一天，我也会送给你一辆像这样的车，然后你就能自己去看那些在圣诞节时挂在窗户上的漂亮东西了，就像我一直告诉你的那样。”
保罗走下车子，把跛脚男孩抱到车子的前座。哥哥也爬上车子，坐在他的身旁。(就这样)他们三人开始了一次令人难忘的假日兜风。
在那个圣诞节前夕，保罗才真正体会到了耶稣所说的“施比受更有福……”的道理。
[知识积累]
1．urchin
n．流浪儿
2．astound
vt.使大惊；使震惊
3．lad
n．少年；小伙子
4．jar
v．(使)撞击；相冲突
5．all
the
way完全地；无保留地
6．impulsively
adv.冲动地
7．aglow
adj.发红光
8．cripple
vt.使跛；使残废
9．squeeze
v．挤压；向……勒索
[1]本句是复合句，when引导时间状语从句，现在分词短语admiring
it作伴随状语。
[2]本句是复合句，句中what
the
lad
said是what引导的主语从句。
[文化链接]
节日解读
圣诞节(Christmas)是基督教的一个重要节日，定于每年的12月25日，纪念耶稣的诞生，同时也是普遍庆祝的世俗节日。
PAGE
-
1
-The
Sea
Section
Ⅵ Language
Points(Ⅲ)(Lesson
4，Communication
Workshop，Culture
Corner
&Bulletin
Board)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．It
is
a
horrible(可怕的)
thing
to
see
one
person
make
another
suffer.
2．We
waited
for
the
tide
to
float(使漂浮)
the
boat
off
the
sandbank.
3．They
were
surrounded
by
the
enemy，but
at
last
they
managed
to
escape(逃脱)
from
the
village.
4．I
watched
them
leave
and
then
drove
off
in
the
opposite(相反的)
direction.
5．Without
special
equipment，astronauts
would
not
be
able
to
survive(生存)
in
outer
space.
6．When
the
ship
starts
to
sink，don't
pray—jump!
7．After
landing，he
was
unable
to
leave
the
airport，because
roads
into
the
city
were
blocked.
8．Thousands
of
people
poured
into
the
stadium
to
watch
the
football
match.
9．They
had
a
fierce
debate
as
to
whether
their
company
should
restore
the
trade
relationship
which
was
broken
years
ago.
10．This
is
a
local
problem，not
a
nationwide
one.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．horrible
adj.可怕的；令人厌恶的→horribly
adv.可怕地
2．terrify
vt.令人感到恐惧→terrible
adj.可怕的；恐怖的→terrified
adj.受到惊吓的；感到恐怖的
3．survive
vi.幸存，生存下来→survivor
n．幸存者→survival
n．幸存；幸免
4．recover
vt.恢复正常；康复→recovery
n．康复
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．at
the
edge
of
在……边缘
2．dive
into
跳入，跳进
3．in
the
direction
of
朝……的方向
4．be
tied
to
被绑/系在……上
5．in
the
end
最后
6．pick
up
取，接载
7．all
at
once
突然
8．rather
than
而不是
9．in
addition
另外
10．break
off
突然住口；折断；断绝(关系)
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．I
am
afraid
to
dive
into
the
swimming
pool.
2．The
report
is
focus
on
how
technology
affects
human
life
rather
than
business.
3．He
drove
off
in
the
direction
of
Larry's
shop.
4．It's
hard
work
but
if
you
hang
on
you'll
succeed
in
the
end．
5．All
at
once
there
was
someone
knocking
on
the
door.
v.＋?al→n.
v.＋up
→动词短语
removal 移动approval
批准arrival
到达
bring
up 抚养make
up
组成；化妆
give
up
放弃
1．One
day，my
two
brothers
and
I
were
coming
back
from
the
islands，our
boat
full
of
fish.
一天，我和我的两个兄弟正从海岛返回，船上载满了鱼。
[记句式结构]独立主格结构
[仿写促落实]他当时两手插在口袋里，所以摔得很重。
Hands
in
his
pockets，he
had
a
bad
fall.
2．...I
was
trying
to
recover
when
my
elder
brother
put
his
mouth
close
to
my
ear...
……我正竭力(从恐惧中)回过神来，这时(突然)，哥哥把嘴凑到我耳旁……
[记句式结构]be
doing...when...
[仿写促落实]我们正在做作业，突然灯熄了。
We
were
doing
our
homework
when
the
lights
went
out.
3．As
you
can
see，I
did
escape.
如你所见，我的确得救了。
[记句式结构]强调谓语
[仿写促落实]杰克确实喜欢游泳。
Jack
does
like
swimming.
4．Some
of
the
ships
even
had
earth
on
board
so
that
the
sailors
could
grow
their
own
crops
for
food.
一些船上甚至还有土，这样船员就能自己种植庄稼以获取食物。
[记句式结构]so
that引导目的状语从句
[仿写促落实]到了就来信，省得我挂念。
Send
me
a
letter
as
soon
as
you
arrive
so
that
I
won't
worry．
5．When
he
died
in
1435，the
stories
of
his
travels
made
him
one
of
China's
most
famous
sailors.
郑和死于
1435
年，有关他旅行的故事使他成为中国最著名的海员之一。
[记句式结构]make＋宾语＋宾补
[仿写促落实]我们选他当英语会话社主席。
We
made
him
chairman
of
our
English
Speaking
Society.
make
sense有意义；讲得通
(教材P14)Read
them
in
that
order
to
see
if
the
story
makes
sense.
按那个顺序读，看看故事是否讲得通。
make
sense
of 理解，弄懂
make
no
sense
没必要
in
a
sense
在某种意义上
in
no
sense
决不(位于句首时句子用倒装语序)
there's
no
sense
in
doing
sth.
做某事没有意义
①It
makes
no
sense
to
buy
that
expensive
coat
when
these
cheaper
ones
are
just
as
good.
这些便宜的大衣也很好，没有必要非买那件贵的。
②Only
after
I
read
the
poem
a
second
time
did
I
make
sense
of
it.
我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了它的含义。
③There
is
no
sense
in
arguing(argue)
about
the
problem
with
him.
与他争论这个问题是毫无意义的。
terrify
vt.令人感到恐惧；使受惊吓
(教材P14)I
tried
to
make
my
brother
understand，but
he
was
terrified
and
stayed
in
the
heavy
boat.
我努力使我哥哥明白这一点，但他十分恐惧，呆坐在沉重的木船里。
(1)terrify
sb.into(doing)
sth.恐吓某人做某事
(2)terrified
adj.
非常害怕的；极度恐惧的
be
terrified
of
因……而害怕，后接名词、代
词
或动名词，表示原因
be
terrified
at
表示“因听到/看到……而害
怕”，后接名词、代词或动名词，还可接what从句
(3)terrifying
adj.
极其可怕的；骇人听闻的
①I
was
terrified
by
her
sudden
appearance.
她的突然出现吓了我一跳。
②She
was
terrified
of
being
killed(kill)
in
an
air
raid.
她害怕空袭时会被炸死。
③The
robber
terrified
her
into
handing(hand)
out
her
money.劫匪恐吓她交出她的钱。
[语境助记]
I
had
a
terrifying
experience
which
was
terrible;
as
a
result，I
often
feel
terrified
at
the
thought
of
it.
我有一次可怕的经历，那太可怕了，结果，每当想起它，我都感到害怕。
escape
vi.逃脱；逃跑
n．逃跑；逃离；避免
(教材P14)Without
waiting，I
dived
into
the
sea
to
try
and
escape.刻不容缓，我跳入海里设法逃生。
escape
from/out
of 从……逃脱
escape＋n./doing
sth.
逃过(做)某事
make
one's
escape
逃跑，逃避
escape
punishment＝escape
being
punished
逃过处罚
have
a
narrow
escape 九死一生，幸免于难
①The
bird
escaped
from
the
cage.鸟逃出了笼子。
②He
escaped
punishment/being
punished(punish)．
他逃脱了惩罚。
all
at
once忽然；突然
(教材P14)All
at
once，the
sky
was
covered
with
dark
clouds
and
in
less
than
a
minute
we
were
in
a
terrible
storm.
突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就卷入了可怕的暴风雨中。
once
in
a
while 偶尔地
once
or
twice 一两次
more
than
once 不止一次
once
more＝once
again 再一次；又一次
①They
go
out
together
once
in
a
while
but
not
very
often.他们偶尔一块出去，但不经常。
②Can
you
explain
it
to
me
once
more?
你能再向我解释一次吗？
(教材P14)Our
boat
survived，and
I
was
trying
to
recover
when
my
elder
brother
put
his
mouth
close
to
my
ear，and
screamed
out
the
terrifying
word
“Whirlpool！”
我们的船保住了，我正竭力(从恐惧中)回过神来，这时(突然)，哥哥把嘴凑到我耳旁大声地喊出了那个令人恐惧的词——漩涡！
(1)survive
vi.幸存；生存下来
vt.幸免于；从……中生还
(1)survive
sth. 在……中幸免于难，挺过……
survive
(from
sth.) (从……中)存活下来/存留下来
survive(on
sth.) (靠……)存活
survive
as
sth.
作为……继续存在
survive
sb.by...years 比某人多活了……年
(2)survivor
n.
幸存者
survival
n.
幸存，幸免
①Harry
survived
his
wife
by
three
months.
哈里比他的妻子多活了3个月。
②A
plane
crashed
yesterday，and
there
were
no
survivors
(survive)．
昨天有架飞机坠毁了，没有一个人生还。
③Amy's
only
chance
of
survival(survive)
was
a
liver
transplant.
艾米生存的唯一机会是进行肝脏移植。
(2)recover
v．痊愈，康复；重新获得
(1)recover
from 从……中恢复过来
recover
oneself 某人恢复正常
(2)recovery
n. 恢复，康复
make
a
recovery
from 从……中恢复
①The
patient
has
perfectly
recovered
from
his
illness.
病人已经完全好了。
②She
has
made
a
full
recovery(recover)
from
her
illness.
她已经完全恢复了健康。
③It
took
Mom
a
few
minutes
to
recover
herself(her)．
妈妈过了好几分钟才镇静下来。
pick
up(从海里或危险处)搭救；营救
(教材P15)In
the
end，a
boat
picked
me
up.
最后，一条船把我救了起来。
写出下列句子中pick
up的含义
①Ridley
picked
up
a
pencil
and
fiddled
(不停摆弄)with
it.拿起
②She
went
over
to
her
parents'
house
to
pick
up
some
clean
clothes.取回
③Where
did
you
pick
up
your
English？学会
④They've
picked
up
a
really
nasty
infection
from
something
they've
eaten.染上
⑤We
can
pick
up
Italian
television.接收
⑥Chinese
officials
hope
that
trade
will
pick
up
when
the
two
countries
switch
to
hard
currency.好转
pick
out 选出；挑出；拣出
pick
off
摘掉，摘下；取走，拿掉
⑦Can
you
pick
out
the
right
one?
你能找出正确的那一个吗？
⑧Don't
pick
off
any
of
these
flowers.
这些花一朵也不要采摘。
recognise
vt.辨认出；承认；认可
(教材P15)The
fishermen
were
my
old
friends，but
they
were
unable
to
recognise
me.
那些渔夫是我的老朋友，但他们都认不出我了。
(1)recognise
sb./sth.as... 承认……是……
be
recognised
as...
被公认为……
recognise
that...
承认……；意识到……
(2)recognition
n. 认识；认出
beyond
recognition 认不出来
①Everyone
recognised
him
to
be/as
the
lawful
heir.
大家都承认他为合法继承人。
②It
was
recognised(recognise)
that
this
solution
could
only
be
temporary.
人们意识到这只是个临时的解决方案。
(教材P14)One
day，my
two
brothers
and
I
were
coming
back
from
the
islands，our
boat
full
of
fish．
一天，我和我的两个兄弟正从海岛返回，船上载满了鱼。
【要点提炼】 our
boat
full
of
fish是独立主格结构，在句中作状语，表示伴随状况。
独立主格结构不是句子，只是一个修饰成分，在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件和伴随状语。独立主格结构是由“名词/代词＋分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成，名词/代词与这些词之间有主谓或动宾关系。该结构常用逗号与句子的主干部分隔开。
①The
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden，weather
.
如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。
②He
was
listening
attentively
in
class，his
eyes
fixed(fix)
on
the
blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
③The
four
of
us
agreed
on
a
division
of
labor，each
to
translate(translate)
a
quarter
of
the
book.
我们四个人同意分工干，每人翻译这本书的四分之一。
(教材P14)Our
boat
survived，and
I
was
trying
to
recover
when
my
elder
brother
put
his
mouth
close
to
my
ear，and
screamed
out
the
terrifying
word
“Whirlpool！”
我们的船保住了，我正竭力(从恐惧中)回过神来，这时(突然)，哥哥把嘴凑到我耳旁大声地喊出了那个令人恐惧的词——漩涡！
【要点提炼】 句中when
用作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”，相当于and
then
或
and
just
at
that
time。
when
作并列连词时的常见句式：
be
doing...when... 正在……这时(突然)……
be
(just)
about
to
do...when...正要……这时(突然)……
be
on
the
point
of
doing...when...正要……这时(突然)……
had
just
done...when...
刚刚做完……这时(突然)……
①We
were
on
the
point
of
leaving
when
the
power
was
cut
off.我们正要离开，这时突然停电了。
②I
was
about
to
start
when
it
began
to
rain.
我正要动身，这时下雨了。
③She
was
cooking(cook)
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.
她正在做饭，这时有人敲门。
④I
had
just
finished(finish)
reading
the
novel
when
my
father
came
in.
我刚读完这本小说，这时父亲进来了。
(教材P18)When
he
died
in
1435，the
stories
of
his
travels
made
him
one
of
China's
most
famous
sailors．
郑和死于1435年，有关他旅行的故事使他成为中国最著名的海员之一。
【要点提炼】 made
him
one
of
China's
most
famous
sailors为“make＋宾语＋n.(作宾语补足语)”的结构。
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。make的复合宾语结构总结如下：
(1)“make＋宾语＋n.”意为“使、让(某人/某物)(成为)……”。
(2)“make＋宾语＋adj.”意为“使(某人/某事)(变得)……”。
(3)“make＋宾语＋do
sth.(不带to的不定式)”意为“使……做某事”；在被动语态中，此类结构中省略的动词不定式中的to要还原。
(4)“make＋宾语＋v.?ed形式(过去分词作宾补)”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作，表示被动的意思，意为“使(某人/某事)被……”。
①We
must
work
hard
to
make
our
motherland
a
stronger
one.我们必须努力工作使我们的祖国更强大。
②The
workers
were
made
to
work(work)
for
twelve
hours
every
day.
工人们每天被迫工作12个小时。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
boy
(be)
late，his
teacher
was
very
angry.
2．The
doctors
hold
out
little
hope
of
his
(recover)．
3.
Here's
a
tip
I
picked
from
my
mother.
4.
Just
that
moment，the
phone
rang.
5.
He
is
recognised
a
movie
star
in
Hong
Kong.
6．It
happens
the
two
friends
have
the
same
birthday.
7.
She
had
just
finished
her
homework
her
mother
asked
her
to
practise
playing
the
piano
yesterday.
8.
All
once
the
light
went
out
and
everyone
felt
frightened.
9．He
is
the
only
one
(survive)
the
accident.
10．A
survey
says
that
most
people
are
(terrify)
of
snakes.
[答案] 1.being 2.recovery 3.up 4.at 5.as
6．that 7.when 8.at 9.to
survive 10.terrified
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.
I
was
about
to
giving
up
when
my
father
came
and
encouraged
me
to
keep
going.giving→give
2．It
was
lucky
of
him
to
escape
killed
in
that
accident.killed前加being
3．It
was
a
mercy
that
the
whole
family
survived
in
the
earthquake.去掉in
4．With
my
special
care，my
mother
recovered
from
quickly.去掉from
5．Can
you
make
sense
what
this
American
is
saying？sense后加of
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．The
question
settled，we
went
home.
问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
2．I
was
about
to
swim
in
the
river
when
the
guide
told
me
there
was
man?eating
fish
in
it.
我正要下河游泳这时导游告诉我河里有食人鱼。
3．It
is
widely
recognised
that
Hong
Kong
is
one
of
the
freest
economies
in
the
world.
香港被公认为是全球最自由的经济体系之一。
4．They
picked
up
most
of
the
furniture
at
auctions
in
country
towns.
他们大部分的家具都是在乡村的拍卖处买的。
5．I
am
really
terrified
of
being
left
alone
in
that
house.
我真害怕被单独留在那房子里。
PAGE
-
1
-
