Unit
4
Public
transport
Bin
Railway
Dreams
从北京到上海，只需要288分钟！中国的高铁时代已经到来，越来越多的旅客会放弃飞机而选择火车。
Imagine，one
day，getting
out
of
bed
in
Beijing
and
being
at
your
office
in
Shanghai
in
only
a
couple
of
hours，and
then，after
a
full
day
of
work，going
back
home
to
Beijing
and
having
dinner
there.
Sounds
unusual，doesn't
it?
But
it's
not
that
unrealistic，with
the
development
of
China's
high?speed
railway
plan
to
connect
the
country
with
Southeast
Asia，and
eventually
Eastern
Europe.
China
is
negotiating
to
extend
its
own
high?speed
railway
network
to
up
to
17
countries
in
10
to
15
years，eventually
reaching
London
and
Singapore.If
China's
plan
for
the
high?speed
railway
goes
forward，people
could
zip
over
from
London
to
Beijing
in
under
two
days.
The
new
system
would
still
follow
China's
high?speed
railway
standard.And
the
trains
would
be
able
to
go
346
kilometers
an
hour，almost
as
fast
as
some
airplanes.
Of
course，there
are
some
technical
challenges
to
overcome.There
are
so
many
issues
that
need
to
be
settled，such
as
safety，rail
gauge，maintenance
of
railway
tracks.So，it's
important
to
pay
attention
to
every
detail.
It'll
be
a
win?win
project.For
other
countries，the
railway
network
will
definitely
create
more
opportunities
for
business，tourism
and
so
on，not
to
mention
the
better
communication
among
those
countries.
For
China，such
a
project
would
not
only
connect
it
with
the
rest
of
Asia
and
bring
some
much?needed
resources，but
would
also
help
develop
China's
far
west.We
foresee
that
in
the
coming
decades，millions
of
people
will
migrate
to
the
western
regions，where
the
land
is
empty
and
resources
are
unused.With
high?speed
trains，people
will
set
up
factories
and
business
centers
in
the
west
once
and
for
all.And
they'll
trade
with
Central
Asian
and
Eastern
European
countries.
[阅读障碍词]
1．unrealistic
adj.
不现实的，不切实际的
2．negotiate
vi.&vt.
谈判，协商
3．zip
vi.
疾行前往
4．gauge
n.
轨距
5．definitely
adv.
确切地，肯定地
6．migrate
vi.
迁徙，移居
[诱思导读]
1．What
benefits
do
you
think
the
high?speed
railway
system
can
bring
us?
It
can
create
more
opportunities
for
business，tourism，and
make
better
communication
and
so
on.
2．Are
there
any
problems
in
the
railway
network?
Please
make
a
list.
There
are
some
technical
challenges
to
overcome，such
as
safety，rail
gauge，maintenance
of
railway
tracks.
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.convey
A．adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)
的，令人难以置信的
( )2.authority
B．vt.&
vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应
( )3.unbelievable
C．n.部分；部件；部门
( )4.undertake
D．vt.运送，输送；表达
( )5.section
E．n.权力，权威；官方，当权者；
批准，授权
( )6.unfortunately
F．vt.延迟，延期
( )7.postpone
G．vi.&
vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽
咽；塞满，堵塞
n．哽咽声，呛住的声音
( )8.interval
H．adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地
( )9.choke
I．vi.&
vt.扩大，扩展，增大
( )10.enlarge
J．n.间隔，间隙
[答案] 1－5 DEABC 6－10 HFJGI
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.They
have
planned
to
link
up
the
two
areas
by
telephone.
( )2.The
library
functioned
as
a
temporary
hospital
to
cope
with
the
wounded.
( )3.They
held
a
party
in
honour
of
the
president's
coming
here.
( )4.Eating
too
much
sugar
can
lead
to
health
problems.
( )5.I
would
have
picked
it
up
if
I
had
noticed
it.
( )6.I
can
drop
you
off
on
my
way
home.
[答案] 1－6 BDACFE
The
first
underground
in
the
world
Welcome
to
the
London
Underground，or
as
it
is
usually
known①，the
tube.It
has
the
distinction
of②
being
the
oldest
and
most
complex
underground
system
in
the
world.Rail(铁路)
services
to
London
were
first
developed
during
the
first
half
of
the
19th
century.However，most
trains
to
London
only
went
to
the
outer(远离中心的)
city
limits，because
building
railway
tracks
into
the
city
would
have
damaged
many
old
buildings③.Horse?drawn(用马拉的)
buses，trams(有轨电车)，cabs(出租车)
and
carriages
were
used
to
convey
people
to
and
around
the
city
centre.Unfortunately，the
number
of
vehicles
on
the
road
caused
unbelievable
traffic
jams(交通堵塞)，and
the
roads
became
so
busy
that
no
one
could
travel
anywhere.This
traffic
problem
led
to
the
development
of
the
underground
system.
世界上第一条地铁
欢迎来到伦敦地铁——通常它被称为“管子”。伦敦地铁是世界上最古老且最复杂的地铁系统，并因此而享有盛名。早在19世纪上半叶就首次有了通往伦敦的铁路交通服务。但大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界，因为在市区修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。用马拉的公共汽车、有轨电车、出租车和四轮马车被用来送人们到市中心和周围地区。不幸的是，路上车辆的数量造成了难以置信的交通堵塞，道路交通变得如此拥挤以至于任何地方都无人能够通行。这一交通问题导致了地铁系统的研发。
[助读讲解] ①as
引导非限制性定语从句。②have
the
distinction
of...在某方面卓越/优秀。③building
railway
...是动名词短语，在
because
引导的原因状语从句中作主语。该原因状语从句使用了虚拟语气，相当于：if
railway
tracks
had
been
built
into
the
city，it
would
have
damaged
many
old
buildings。
In
1854，the
British
government
gave
approval
to④
the
construction
by
the
Metropolitan(大城市的)
Railway
Company
of
an
underground
railway
in
the
centre
of
London，between
Paddington
and
Farringdon，via(经由)
King's
Cross，St
Pancras
and
Euston.However，new
trains
had
to
be
developed
and
the
plan
required
raising
a
large
amount
of
money，so
the
digging
was
postponed
until
1860．⑤The
initial
tunnels(地下通道)
were
opened
in
1863
and
were
just
beneath
the
surface
of
the
ground.Passengers
were
transported
in
carriages
without
windows，which
were
pulled
through
the
narrow
tunnels
by
steam
engines⑥.In
1868，the
next
section
of
the
underground
system
was
opened
in
the
south
of
London
by
another
company
called
the
Metropolitan
District
Railway.Sixteen
years
later，in
1884，the
Metropolitan
Railway
Company
and
the
Metropolitan
District
Railway
linked
up
and
provided
underground
service
in
the
middle
of
the
city.This
later
became
the
Circle
Line.Because
of
the
smoke
from
the
steam
engines，early
underground
lines
needed
large
holes
leading
to
the
surface
at
regular
intervals，so
that
people
could
get
fresh
air
and
would
not
choke(窒息)
⑦.
1854年，英国政府正式批准大都会铁路公司在伦敦市中心的帕丁顿和法林顿之间建一条地铁，途经国王十字站、圣潘克里斯和尤斯顿。然而，新火车需要研发，该计划需要筹集大笔资金，因此挖掘工作一直延迟到1860年。首批地铁隧道于1863年开通，
它们紧靠地表。乘客们坐在没有窗户的车厢中被运来运去，这些车厢由蒸汽机拉动，穿梭于狭窄的隧道。1868年，地铁系统接下去的一段由另一家名为大都会区铁路的公司在伦敦南部开通。十六年后的1884年，大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合，为城市中部地区提供地铁服务。此线后来变成了环线。由于蒸汽机发出浓烟，早期的地铁线需要每隔一段距离挖一些通向地面的大洞，这样人们就能呼吸新鲜空气而不会窒息。
[助读讲解] ④give
approval
to
正式批准。⑤so连接表示因果关系的并列句，第一个分句中动名词短语raising
a
large
amount
of
money作动词require的宾语。⑥which
引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
carriages。⑦at
(...)
intervals
每隔……距离或时间；so
that...引导目的状语从句。
As
better
ways
for
digging
tunnels
were
developed⑧，the
first
railway
tunnel
under
the
River
Thames
was
dug
in
1884.These
new
ways
of
digging
accelerated
the
pace
of
the
London
Underground's
development.The
City
and
South
London
Railway
opened
the
first
electric
underground
railway
in
1890.Over
the
next
twenty?five
years⑨，six
independent
deep
underground
lines
were
constructed.Travelling
on
these
lines
was
not
convenient，though，as
each
line
was
possessed
by
a
different
company⑩，and
many
were
very
far
from
each
other.
随着更好的挖掘隧道的方法被研发出来，第一条穿过泰晤士河底的地铁隧道于1884年被挖掘成功。这些新的隧道挖掘方法加快了伦敦地铁发展的步伐。1
890年，伦敦城及南伦敦铁路公司开通了第一条电力地铁线。在接下来的25年里，六条独立的深层地铁线建成。然而搭乘这些线路并不方便，因为各条线路属于不同的公司，而且许多线路之间相距甚远。
[助读讲解] ⑧as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。⑨over
the
next
twenty?five
years
在接下来的25年里，over
表示“在……期间”。⑩as引导原因状语从句。
Having
seen
the
situation?，a
wealthy
American
businessman，Charles
Yerkes，undertook
the
job
of
improving
the
system
in
1902
by
obtaining
ownership(所有权)
of
the
many
different
lines
and
setting
up
the
Underground
Electric
Railways
Company
of
London.In
1933，a
public
organization
called
the
London
Passenger
Transport
Board
was
created.The
Underground
Electric
Railways
Company
of
London，the
Metropolitan
Line
and
all
the
different
bus
and
train
lines
were
placed
under
the
authority
of?
the
Board.This
organization
eventually
became
London
Transport.
Between
1918
and
1938，many
new
stations
were
constructed，the
most
famous
of
which
by
an
architect(建筑师)
named
Charles
Holden?.
看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1
902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。1933年，一个叫作伦敦客运总署的公共机构成立。伦敦电力地铁公司、大都会支线以及所有不同的公交、列车线路都归该署掌管。这个机构最终成为伦敦交通运输管理局。在1918年到1938年间，很多新车站建了起来，其中最著名的是名叫查尔斯·霍尔登的建筑师负责设计的。
[助读讲解] ?现在分词短语的完成式，在句中作状语。?under
the
authority
of
由……负责/掌管
。?the
most
famous
of
which...为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词many
new
stations；其中过去分词短语named
Charles
Holden作名词an
architect的后置定语。
The
underground
system
had
some
unusual
uses
during
World
War
Ⅱ.When
London
was
bombed?，many
underground
stations
functioned
as
bomb
shelters.A
new
line
was
used
as
an
underground
airplane
factory，an
underground
station
was
used
as
a
centre
for
directing
the
defence
against
air
attacks，and
the
station
nearest
the
Prime
Minister's(首相)
house
was
used
by
the
Prime
Minister
as
meeting
rooms
for
the
administration
of
government.?
地铁系统在二战时期发挥了一些特殊作用。当伦敦被炸弹炸了之后，许多地铁站被用作避难所。一条新建的地铁线被用作地下飞机制造厂，一个地铁站被用作反空袭指挥中心，离首相府最近的地铁站被首相用作政府行政会议室。
[助读讲解] ?when引导时间状语从句。?and连接三个表示顺承关系的并列句；第二个分句中动名词短语directing
the
defence
against
air
attacks作介词for的宾语。
After
World
War
Ⅱ
ended
in
1945，more
people
travelled
on
the
underground，so
the
system
was
enlarged
and
more
lines
were
added，including
the
Victoria
Line，which
was
linked
with
other
lines
at
almost
every
station?.This
helped
make
the
system
more
user?friendly(方便用户的)．The
last
line
added
was
the
Jubilee
Line，which
was
opened
in
1979
in
honour
of
the
twenty?fifth
anniversary(周年纪念日)
of
Elizabeth
Ⅱ
becoming
the
queen?.
1945年第二次世界大战结束之后，更多的人乘坐地铁；因此地铁系统扩大，增加了更多的线路，其中包括维多利亚线，它几乎在每一个地铁站都与其他线路连接。这有助于使地铁系统更加便于使用。最后增加的一条线路是朱比利线，于1979年开通，以庆祝伊丽莎白女王二世登基25周年。
[助读讲解] ?after引导时间状语从句；so连接表示因果关系的并列句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
Victoria
Line。?which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
Jubilee
Line，其中动名词复合结构Elizabeth
Ⅱ
becoming
the
queen充当介词of的宾语。
The
London
underground
system
is
working
to
transport
huge
numbers
of
people
as
it
has
done
for
many
years?.Over
three
million
people
travel
on
the
underground
every
day.The
network
of
the
underground
system
includes
twelve
lines
and
now
goes
twenty?six
miles
out
of
central
London.So，why
not
take
a
trip
on
the
oldest
underground
system
today?？Visit
our
ticket
office
and
buy
one
of
the
travel
cards
that
permit
you
to
travel
all
over
the
underground
system?.
正如许多年来它已经做的那样，伦敦地铁系统还在为运载大量的乘客而运转着。每天有超过三百万的人乘坐地铁。整个地铁系统包括12条线路，现已延伸到距离伦敦中心26英里以外的地区。那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？到我们的售票处看看，并购买一张旅行卡吧，旅行卡可以让你畅游整个地铁系统。
[助读讲解] ?as引导定语从句，代替前面句子。?Why
not
do
sth.?
是一个固定句式，意思是“为什么不做某事呢？”?that
引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
travel
cards。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P50－51教材课文，选择最佳答案
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．It
tells
the
history
and
development
of
the
London
Underground.
B．It
tells
the
function
of
the
London
Underground
in
World
War.
C．Many
people
contributed
to
the
building
of
the
London
Underground.
D．Why
the
London
Underground
was
built.
[答案] A
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P50－51教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Why
did
most
trains
to
London
only
go
to
the
outer
city
limits?
A．Because
building
railway
tracks
into
the
city
would
have
needed
much
money.
B．Because
building
railway
tracks
into
the
city
would
have
damaged
many
old
buildings.
C．Because
the
technology
was
not
so
advanced
then.
D．Because
the
London
government
didn't
approve
the
plan.
2．If
you
travelled
on
the
underground
in
1884，you
would
________.
A．look
out
of
the
window
of
your
carriage
to
enjoy
the
scenery
B．see
the
smoke
caused
by
the
steam
engines
C．suffer
from
noise
D．go
to
the
south
in
London
3．Why
was
travelling
on
the
underground
lines
inconvenient
in
the
1880s?
A．Because
the
speed
of
the
underground
was
slow.
B．Because
the
price
of
the
tickets
was
very
high.
C．Because
you
should
queue
up.
D．Because
each
line
was
separately
owned
and
many
were
very
far
from
each
other.
4．The
underground
system
was
functioned
as
the
following
except
________.
A．bomb
shelters
B．an
underground
airplane
factory
C．field
hospital
D．meeting
rooms
[答案] 1－4 BBDC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P50－51教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
London
Underground
has
the
distinction
of
being
the
1.oldest
(old)
and
most
complex
underground
system
in
the
world.Before
the
initial
tunnels
were
opened
in
1863，the
traffic
jams
of
London
were
2.unbelievable
(believable)．Twenty?one
years
3.later，in
1884，the
Metropolitan
Railway
Company
and
the
Metropolitan
District
Railway
4.linked(link)
up
and
provided
underground
service
in
the
middle
of
the
city.With
better
ways
of
5.digging(dig)
tunnels
developed，the
first
railway
tunnel
under
the
River
Thames
was
dug
in
1884.The
city
and
south
London
Railway
opened
the
first
electric
underground
railway
in
1890.And
six
independent
deep
underground
lines
were
constructed
over
the
next
twenty?five
years.Then
a
6.wealthy(wealth)
American
businessman，Charles
Yerkes
obtained
many
different
lines
and
set
7.up
the
Underground
Electric
Railways
Company
of
London.Between
1918
and
1938，many
new
stations
were
constructed.
During
World
War
Ⅱ，the
underground
system
had
some
unusual
uses.After
the
war，the
system
8.was_enlarged
(enlarge)
and
more
lines
were
added
because
more
people
travelled
on
the
underground.The
London
underground
system
is
working
to
transport
huge
9.numbers
(number)
of
people
as
it
has
done
for
many
years.Buy
one
of
the
travel
cards
10.and
you
can
take
a
trip
on
all
over
the
underground
system.
PAGE
1Unit
4
Public
transport
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．I'll
go
to
Guangzhou
via
(经过)
Nanjing，where
I'll
drop
in
on
a
friend
of
mine.
2．“I
can't
bear
it，”
the
receptionist
said
in
a
choked_(哽咽的)
voice.
3．I
didn't
know
its
update
interval
(间隔)
could
even
be
one
day.
4．The
scientists
are
still
working
on
inventing
methods
of
reaching
outer
(外部的)
space.
5．They've
enlarged
(扩大)
the
kitchen
by
building
over
part
of
the
garden.
6．Excited
by
the
Prime
Minister's
words，he
couldn't
find
words
to
convey
his
feelings
at
that
time.
7．Because
of
the
heavy
fog，all
the
flights
have
been
postponed
till
further
notice.
8．He
divided
the
field
into
different
sections，where
different
vegetables
were
grown.
9．His
father
was
one
of
the
architects
who
designed
the
Nanpu
Bridge.
10．They
held
a
party
to
celebrate
their
wedding
anniversary.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．large
adj.大的→enlarge
vt.&
vi.扩大，扩展，增大
2．grow
v．增长，增大；成长，生长→growth
n．增加，增长；成长，生长
3．fortune
n．运气，(尤指)好运→fortunate
adj.幸运的→fortunately
adv.幸运地→unfortunately
adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地
4．believe
v．相信→believable
adj.可信的，真实存在的→unbelievable
adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的
5．own
v．拥有
adj.属于自己的→owner
n．主人→ownership
n．所有权，产权
en?＋adj.→v.
n.＋?ship→n.
enable
v．使能够，使有机会ensure
v．保证，确保enrich
v．丰富，使富足
friendship
n．友谊，友情relationship
n．关系scholarship
n．奖学金
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．pick
up
(开车)去接人；捡起；无意中学会
2．drop
off
中途下客或卸货
3．lead
to
导致
4．link
up
联合，连接
5．at
(...)
intervals
每隔……距离或时间
6．accelerate
the
pace
of
加速……的步伐
7．function
as...
起……作用
8．in
honour
of
为纪念……；为了向……表示敬意
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Too
much
work
and
too
little
rest
often
leads_to
illness.
2．With
more
advanced
technologies，they
accelerated_the_pace_of
their
construction.
3．Do
you
know
that
the
London
Underground
ever
functioned_as
bomb
shelters
during
the
Second
World
War?
4．The
newly
built
expressway
links_up
the
two
big
cities，making
the
communication
between
the
cities
more
frequent
than
ever.
5．Shall
we
have
a
party
in_honour_of
his
narrow
escape?
v.＋up→动词短语
v.＋off→动词短语
fill
up
填补；装满finish
up
结束；完成fix
up
修补，修理好；解决
give
off
发出或放出(蒸气等)
keep
off
避开；不让……接近let
off
放(炮)；开(枪)；宽恕
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Between
1918
and
1938，many
new
stations
were
constructed，the
most
famous
of
which
were
designed
by
an
architect
named
Charles
Holden.在1918年到1938年间，很多新车站建了起来，其中最著名的是名叫查尔斯·霍尔登的建筑师负责设计的。
“the＋形容词最高级＋of＋which”引导非限制性定语从句。
I
have
read
three
books
this
month，the_most_
interesting_of_which
is
the
one
written
by
Mo
Yan.
本月我已读过三本书，其中最有趣的一本是莫言写的。
2.So，why
not
take
a
trip
on
the
oldest
underground
system
today？那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？
why
not
do
...“为什么不做……”，是提建议的一种表达方式。
Why_not_turn_to_your_English_teacher
for
advice？为什么不向你的英语老师征求意见呢？
3.What
was
the
London
Underground
like
in
1863?
1863年伦敦的地铁状况怎么样？
What
is/was
sth./sb.like?
意为“某物/某人是什么样子？”
What_is_the_climate_like
in
his
hometown?
他家乡的气候怎么样？
drop
off
中途下客或卸货；下降；打瞌睡
(教材P49)They
pick
up
and
drop
off
people
at
different
stops
on
the
route.
它们在沿途不同的站点上下客。
drop
in
(on
sb./at
sp.)
顺便拜访某人/走访某地drop
out
退学，辍学；退出，脱离drop
away
离开；散去drop
by
顺便来访drop
behind
落在后面
①Her
long
illness
caused
her
to
drop
behind
the
rest
of
the
class.
她长时间生病使她落在同学的后面。
②I
just
dropped
by
to
see
how
you
were
getting
on.
我只是顺道来看看你过得怎样。
③You'll
never
go
to
college
if
you
drop
out
of
high
school.
如果高中辍学，你就永远不能上大学了。
④You
left
your
jacket，but
I
can
drop
it
off
on
my
way
to
work
tomorrow.
你忘了拿你的夹克衫，不过我可以在明天上班的路上顺便捎给你。
convey
vt.运送，输送；表达
(教材P50)Horse?drawn
buses，trams，cabs
and
carriages
were
used
to
convey
people
to
and
around
the
city
centre.
用马拉的公共汽车、有轨电车、出租车和四轮马车被用来送人们到市中心和周围地区。
convey
sb./sth.from
A
to
B
把某人或某物从A地送到B地convey
sth.to
sb.
向某人表达……convey
one's
feelings/ideas
表达感情/想法
①I
find
it
hard
to
convey
my
feelings
in
words
but
I
still
want
to
express
my
thanks.
我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情，但我仍然想表达我的感激之情。
②Your
luggage
will_be_conveyed(convey)
to
the
hotel
by
taxi
soon.
你的行李不久将由出租车送到酒店。
③We
conveyed
our
goods
from
here
to
markets
in
an
old
truck.
我们用一辆旧卡车把货物从这里运往市场。
[图形助记]
巧记convey
运输 表达感情
unfortunately
adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地
(教材P50)Unfortunately，the
number
of
vehicles
on
the
road
caused
unbelievable
traffic
jams，and
the
roads
became
so
busy
that
no
one
could
travel
anywhere.
不幸的是，路上车辆的数量造成了难以置信的交通堵塞，道路交通变得如此拥挤以至于任何地方都无人能够通行。
(1)unfortunate
adj.
不幸的，令人遗憾的be
unfortunate
to
do
sth.
做某事很倒霉It
is
unfortunate
that...
不幸的是……；可惜的是……(2)fortunate
adj.
幸运的(3)fortunately
adv.
幸运地(4)fortune
n.
运气；大笔的钱
①It
is
unfortunate
that
you
missed
the
meeting.
真可惜，你没参加那次会议。
②He
was
unfortunate
to_lose(lose)
in
the
final
round.
他不幸在最后一轮输了。
③Unfortunately(fortunate)，she
missed
the
last
train.
真可惜，她错过了最后一班列车。
lead
to导致；引起；通向
(教材P50)This
traffic
problem
led
to
the
development
of
the
underground
system.
这一交通问题导致了地铁系统的研发。
lead
sb.to...
带领某人去/到……lead
sb.to
do
sth.
使某人做某事
①A
nurse
took
her
arm
and
led
her
to
a
chair.
有位护士搀扶她坐到椅子上。
②This
award
was
an
important
step
forward
for
Beckham，and
it
led
to
him
going(go)
for
a
visit
to
a
football
training
camp
in
Spain.
这次获奖是贝克汉姆向前迈出的重要一步，使他有机会去西班牙一个足球训练营受训。
③This
has
led
scientists
to_speculate(speculate)
on
the
existence
of
other
galaxies.
这就使得科学家推测还有其他星系存在。
[名师点津]
lead
to
作“导致；引起”讲时，表示因果关系，与result
in/
cause/
bring
about/
contribute
to意义相近，其中to为介词，后面接动词时要用动名词形式。
postpone
vt.延迟，延期
(教材P50)However，new
trains
had
to
be
developed
and
the
plan
required
raising
a
large
amount
of
money，so
the
digging
was
postponed
until
1860.
然而，新火车需要研发，该计划需要筹集大笔资金，因此挖掘工作一直延迟到1860年。
postpone
sth.(to/until/till...)
推迟某事(到……)postpone
doing
sth.
推迟做某事
①The
concert
has
been
postponed
to/until/till
Saturday.
音乐会被延迟到了星期六。
②It
was
an
unpopular
decision
to
postpone
building(build)
the
new
hospital.
延迟修建新医院的决定是不得人心的。
③We
postponed
the
match
from
March
5th
to
March
19th.
我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到了3月19日。
[名师点津]
表示“推迟，延迟”的postpone，delay，put
off后都跟名词、动名词作宾语，不接不定式。
link
up联合，连接
(教材P50)Sixteen
years
later，in
1884，the
Metropolitan
Railway
Company
and
the
Metropolitan
District
Railway
linked
up
and
provided
underground
service
in
the
middle
of
the
city.
十六年后的1884年，大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合，为城市中部地区提供地铁服务。
(1)link
up
with
与……联合，(使)与……连接link...with/to...
将……和……联系或连接起来(2)link
n.
链环，连接物，链接vt.
连接，联合vi.
连接起来
①People
often
link
Chinese
Valentine's
Day
with
Niulang
and
Zhinü.
人们常把七夕节与牛郎和织女联系起来．
②The
island
is
linked
to/with
the
mainland
by
a
new
bridge.
一座新桥将该岛与大陆相连。
③These
systems
can
link
up
with
the
outside
world
through
the
driver's
mobile
phone.
这些系统可以通过驾驶者的移动电话连接外部世界。
(教材P50)Because
of
the
smoke
from
the
steam
engines，early
underground
lines
needed
large
holes
leading
to
the
surface
at
regular
intervals，so
that
people
could
get
fresh
air
and
would
not
choke.
由于蒸汽机发出浓烟，早期的地铁线需要每隔一段距离挖一些通向地面的大洞，这样人们就能呼吸新鲜空气而不会窒息。
(1)interval
n．间隔，间隙
at
(...)
intervals
每隔……距离或时间；有时；间隔at
regular
intervals
每隔一定时间
①Buses
to
the
city
leave
at
regular
intervals.
开往城里的公共汽车每隔一定时间发出一班。
②At
intervals
a
bell
rings
and
workers
stop
for
a
drink.
铃声隔一段时间响起，工人们停下来喝口水。
(2)choke
vi.&
vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞
n．哽咽声，呛住的声音
choke
on
sth.
被……噎住choke
to
death
窒息死亡choke
up
因感情激动而哽咽choke
sth.up
with
sth.
塞满；堵塞
③She
choked
up
when
she
began
to
talk
about
her
mother.
她开始谈起她母亲时，便哽咽的说不出话来。
④He
was
choking
on
a
piece
of
toast
when
I
came
into
his
room.
当我进入他的房间时，他正被一块烤面包噎得喘不过气来。
⑤Her
bag
is
often
choked
up
with
junk
food.
她的包里常常塞满垃圾食品。
function
as
起……作用，作……用(＝
serve
as)
(教材P51)When
London
was
bombed，many
underground
stations
functioned
as
bomb
shelters.
当伦敦被炸弹炸了之后，许多地铁站被用作避难所。
(1)function
vi.
起作用；正常工作；运转n.
(事物的)功能；作用；(人的)职责function
key
功能键(2)functional
adj.
功能的；实用的；起作用的
①The
computer
doesn't
function
properly.
这台电脑不能正常运转。
②She
functioned
as
an
assistant
to
the
general
manager
in
a
company.她在一家公司里担任总经理助理。
③The
furniture
is
not
fancy，just
functional(function)．
这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。
enlarge
vt.&
vi.扩大，扩展，增大；放大(照片)
(教材P51)After
World
War
Ⅱ
ended
in
1945，more
people
travelled
on
the
underground，so
the
system
was
enlarged
and
more
lines
were
added，including
the
Victoria
Line，which
was
linked
with
other
lines
at
almost
every
station.
1945年第二次世界大战结束之后，更多的人乘坐地铁；因此地铁系统扩大，增加了更多的线路，其中包括维多利亚线，它几乎在每一个地铁站都与其他线路连接。
enlarge
the
photograph/picture
放大照片enlarge
one's
vocabulary
扩大词汇量enlarge
one's
horizon
扩大视野enlarge
on/upon
详述
①A
good
way
to
enlarge
your
vocabulary
is
to
read
a
daily
newspaper
very
often.
扩大词汇量的一个好办法是经常看日报。
②All
of
these
have
enriched
my
knowledge
and
enlarged
my
horizon，which
is
of
vital
importance
to
improve
my
English.
所有这些丰富了我的知识，开阔了我的视野，这对我提高英语很重要。
③I'm
interested
in
your
idea.Could
you
enlarge
on/upon
your
suggestion?
我对你的想法感兴趣。你能详细地解说一下你的建议好吗？
④We
are
going
to
have
this
picture
enlarged(enlarge)．
我们准备将这张照片放大。
(教材P51)So，why_not_take
a
trip
on
the
oldest
underground
system
today?
那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？
【要点提炼】 “Why
not＋动词原形？”表示向对方提出建议，意为“为什么不/何不……呢？”。
(1)Why
not
do...？＝Why
don't
you
do...?
表示提出建议或劝告。(2)表示建议、劝告的句型还有：What/How
about...?
……怎么样？I
suggest
that
sb.(should)
do
sth.
我建议某人做某事。You'd
better
(not)
do...
你最好(不)做……(3)Why
not?
有两层含义：一则表示对对方的说法进行反问“为什么不……呢”；二则表示乐意接受对方的邀请，意为“当然；好啊”。
①Why
don't
you/Why
not
share
your
experience
of
learning
English
with
me?
为什么不与我分享一下你学习英语的经验呢？
②－Let's
go
for
a
walk.
——咱们去散步吧。
－Why
not?
——好啊。
③How/What
about
going(go)
out
for
a
walk
after
supper
this
evening?
今晚晚饭后出去走走怎么样？
④Why
not
discover(discover)
what
you
enjoy
and
do
that?
为什么不去发现你喜欢的事然后去做呢？
[名师点津]
Why
do...？常用来表示责问，意为“为什么做……？”。
⑤Why
lend
him
the
money?
为什么要借钱给他？
(教材P52)What_was
the
London
Underground
like
in
1863?
1863年伦敦的地铁状况怎么样？
【要点提炼】 What
is/was
sth./sb.like?
意为“某物/某人是什么样子？”可以用来询问天气情况、人的外貌或品质、事物的性质、质量、特征等，有时候要求对事物做详细的描述。
(1)What
is
sb.like？可以用来询问一个人的外貌特征、个性、品质；(2)What
does
sb.look
like？只能询问一个人的外貌；(3)How
do
you
like/find＋宾语？
＝What
do
you
think
of＋宾语？
意为“你觉得……怎么样？”。
①－What
is
your
girlfriend
like?
——你女朋友长得怎么样？
－She
is
tall
and
pretty.
——她很高、很漂亮。
②－What
does
the
baby
look
like?
——那个婴儿长得怎么样？
－He
looks
like
his
father.
——他长得像他爸。
③What
do
you
think
of
this
film?
你觉得这部电影怎么样？
1．(教材P51)Having
seen
the
situation，a
wealthy
American
businessman，Charles
Yerkes，undertook
the
job
of
improving
the
system
in
1902
by
obtaining
ownership
of
the
many
different
lines
and
setting
up
the
Underground
Electric
Railways
Company
of
London.
【分析】 本句是一个简单句，句子主干是a
wealthy
American
businessman
undertook
the
job
of
improving
the
system。having
seen
the
situation是现在分词短语的完成形式作时间状语，表示动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前。在本句中，see这个动作发生在谓语undertake之前，所以用它的完成式形式。
【翻译】 看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。
2．(教材P51)After
World
War
Ⅱ
ended
in
1945，more
people
travelled
on
the
underground，so
the
system
was
enlarged
and
more
lines
were
added，including
the
Victoria
Line，which
was
linked
with
other
lines
at
almost
every
station.
【分析】 这是一个并列复合句，由并列连词so连接。在第一个复合句中，After
World
War
Ⅱ
ended
in
1945为时间状语从句；在第二个复合句中“which
was
linked...”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the_Victoria_Line。
【翻译】 1945年第二次世界大战结束之后，更多的人乘坐地铁；因此地铁系统扩大，增加了更多的线路，其中包括维多利亚线，它几乎在每一个地铁站都与其他线路连接。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
old
couple
want
to
keep
steady
rather
than
enlarge
(large)
their
business.
2．Last
week，only
two
people
came
to
look
at
the
house，neither
of
whom
wanted
to
buy
it.
3．What
will
be
the
weather
like
tomorrow?
4．As
we
know，language
is
one
of
the
significant
means
for
mankind
to_convey
(convey)
thoughts
and
feelings.
5．Without
the
games，he
expects
the
bar's
weekday
sales
to
drop
off
by
7%.
6．The
two
spacecraft
will
link
up
with
each
other
in
orbit.
7．To
their
surprise，the
room
was
choked
up
with
useless
old
furniture.
8．Mr
Collins
undertook
to_look
(look)
after
the
children
so
that
his
wife
could
go
to
the
fit
club
with
two
of
her
friends.
9．He
decided
to
postpone
buying
(buy)
the
house
because
his
mother
was
ill，which
cost
him
a
lot
of
money.
10．When
the
cooking
class
changed
to
Tuesday，I
had
to
drop
out
so
that
I
could
pick
up
my
daughter
from
her
piano
lesson.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．More
often
than
not，it
is
difficult
to_convey_the_exact_meaning
of
a
Tang
poem
in
English.
通常，很难用英语来表达唐诗的确切意思。
2．Get
the
driver
to_drop_you_off
at
the
railway
station.
告诉司机让你在火车站下车。
3．He
is
our
friend.Why_not_tell_him_the_secret?
他是我们的朋友，为什么不把这个秘密告诉他呢？
4．Here
are
the
questions，some_of_which/of_which_some_I_thought_difficult
for
you.
这些问题，其中一些我认为对你来说太难了。
5．The
Silk
Road
was
an
international
passage
with
historical
significance，which
linked_up_ancient_Chinese_culture_with
that
of
India，Greece
and
Rome.
丝绸之路是一条具有历史意义的国际通道，它使古老的中国文化与印度文化、希腊文化、罗马文化连接起来。
PAGE
11Unit
4
Public
transport
短语动词
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
①This
traffic
problem
led
to
the
development
of
the
underground
system.②In
1884，the
Metropolitan
Railway
Company
and
the
Metropolitan
District
Railway
linked
up...③When
London
was
bombed，many
underground
stations
functioned
as
bomb
shelters.④But
you
will
have
to
fill
in
a
form
and
then
we
will
decide
on
the
best
way.⑤We
could
split
up
into
groups，and
come
at
different
times.⑥I
can
call
you
back
later.
1.所有例句中黑体部分在句中作谓语；它们不是一个词单独作谓语而是由动词加一个介词或副词一起作谓语。2.例句①、例句③和例句④中黑体部分的构成特点是它们都是由动词加介词构成的，相当于及物动词，可以直接带宾语。3.例句②中黑体部分的构成特点是由动词加副词构成的，其后不接宾语；若接宾语，需要加介词，如例句⑤。4.例句⑥中黑体部分的构成特点是由动词加副词构成的，其后可以加宾语。宾语为代词时，必须放在动词与副词之间。
动词常与其他词类(多是介词和副词)搭配在一起，构成固定词组，称之为短语动词。
一、短语动词常见的构成方式及特点
1．动词＋副词
该类短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类。
Please
turn
off
every
light
in
the
house.
请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)
Harry
turned
up
after
the
party
when
everyone
had
left.
晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(不及物)
2．动词＋介词
(及物)
Taking
enough
exercise
contributes
to
good
health.
进行足够的锻炼有助于身体健康。
[名师点津]
同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大差异。look
after照料；look
at看；look
for寻找；look
into调查。
3．动词＋副词＋介词
I
look
forward
to
seeing
you
soon.
我期望不久就能见到你。
[名师点津]
(1)及物动词短语后的宾语为名词时，副词放在宾语前后皆可。但如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。
(2)如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。
He
gave
the
secret
away.
＝He
gave
away
the
secret.
他泄露了秘密。
The
basket
is
very
light.I
can
easily
pick
it
up.
篮子很轻，我可以容易地提起来。
[即时训练1] 用适当的介词或副词填空
①In
no
way
can
we
give
up
halfway.
②How
did
it
come
about
that
he
should
be
late
for
such
an
important
meeting?
③He
has
already
set
up
his
own
business
and
it
gets
along
very
well.
④Sorry，I
have
to
look
after
my
sick
mother
so
I'm
afraid
I
can't
go
there
with
you.
二、常见重点短语动词
1．以break为中心的短语动词
break
away
from脱离，逃离，甩掉
break
down
破坏，粉碎，瓦解；出故障，抛锚
break
into
闯入；强行进入
break
out
爆发，发生
break
through
突破
break
up
解散；结束
2．以bring为中心的短语动词
bring
about
导致，引起，促使
bring
back
带回；使回忆；使恢复
bring
down
使下降，降低；打倒
bring
out
使显出；使显现；出版；生产
bring
up
抚养，养育，培养
bring
in
赚得，挣；引入；收获(农作物等)
3．以call为中心的短语动词
call
for
需要，要求
call
in
召集
call
off
取消，停止进行
call
on
拜访(某人)，号召
call
out
大声喊，唤起
call
up
打电话给……；使想起
4．以come为中心的短语动词
come
about
发生
come
across
偶然发现，遇到
come
down
倒下；降落；跌落；病倒
come
to
苏醒；复原；共计；达到
come
up
走近；上楼；流行起来；发芽；上来；(问题)被提出
come
up
with
提出；想出
come
out
出版；产生
5．以get为中心的短语动词
get
across
度过，通过，横过；说服；使被理解
get
along(with)
(与……)相处；进展
get
around
走动；传播；影响；说服
get
down
to
认真对待，静下心来
get
off
送走；脱下(衣服)；下车；动身
get
over
恢复，痊愈；克服；完成
get
rid
of
除去，去掉；免除；摆脱
get
hold
of
抓住；把握；得到；联系
get
through
拨通；到达；完成；通过
6．以give为中心的短语动词
give
away
赠送；放弃；泄露；颁发
give
back
归还；反射
give
in
屈服，让步，投降
give
off
发出(烟，气味等)
give
out
分发，公布，发出；(使)筋疲力尽；用完
give
up
放弃；停止
give
way
to
让步，退却；屈服于
7．以go为中心的短语动词
go
about
走来走去；(谣言等)流传
go
against
反对；不利于
go
ahead
前进，进展，继续
go
by
经过，过去
go
in
for
喜欢；参加；赞成；从事
go
over
温习，检查
go
through
审查；履行；通过；经历；忍受
go
up
上升，上涨
go
without
无须，没有……也行
8．以look为中心的短语动词
look
about
四下环顾；查看
look
around
东张西望，环视
look
back
on/upon...回顾……
look
down
on/upon
俯视；轻视
look
forward
to
盼望；期待
look
into
窥视；调查；浏览
look
on/upon
旁观；对待
look
on/upon...as...把……看作……
look
out
向外看；注意；当心，提防
look
over
从上面看过去；检查，忽略
look
through
透过……看去；看穿；浏览，彻底调查
look
up
查阅；抬头看；好转
look
up
to
仰望；尊敬
[即时训练2] 选词填空
①The
sound
of
the
happy
laughter
called_up
(call
for/call
up)
memories
of
his
childhood.
②Go_over
(go
about/go
over)
your
lessons
again
before
the
exam.
③A
good
speaker
is
supposed
to
manage
to
get_across_to
(get
across
to/get
down
to)
the
listeners
what
he
means.
④Today's
children
are
raised
in
a
way
that
is
totally
different
from
how
their
parents
were_brought_up
(bring
on/bring
up).
Ⅰ.用适当的介词或副词填空
1．Make
sure
how
many
people
are
going
to
bring
in
the
wheat
tomorrow.
2．She
was
too
fat
to
get
through
the
door.
3．The
old
lady
gave
away
most
of
her
savings
to
help
those
poor
children
who
couldn't
go
to
school.
4．It'd
be
much
better
to
put
off
the
meeting
till
next
week.
5．The
government
calls
on
everyone
to
protect
our
environment.
6．Though
brought
up
in
the
countryside，he
adapted
to
the
city
life
quickly.
7．We
have
decided
on
the
date
and
the
place
for
travelling.
8．Kids
are
usually
easily
taken
in，so
we
should
take
good
care
of
them.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I
can't
buy
anything，because
my
money
has_run_out_already.
什么也不能买了，因为我的钱已经用完了。
2．If
you
team_up_with_your_classmates，you
will
surely
get
the
same
work
done
far
better.
如果你跟同学合作的话，相同的工作你会做得好得多。
3．Sometimes
drivers
give
him
a
tip，so
that
he
has
just
enough
money
to_live_on.
有时司机们会给他小费，所以他刚好有足够的钱来维持生存。
4．The
old
worker
put_forward_a_very_practical_plan
at
the
meeting
yesterday，but
it
was
turned
down
by
the
manager.
那位老工人昨天在会上提出了一个非常实用的计划，但被经理拒绝了。
5．Generally
speaking，students
look_up_to_the_teachers
who
are
knowledgeable
and
patient.
一般来说，学生尊敬博学、耐心的老师。
6．It
is
reported
that
the
police
will
soon
look_into_the_case
of
two
missing
children.
据报道，警察很快就会调查两个失踪孩子的案件。
7．Society
today
offers
the
young
generation
more
chances
to_show_off
their
talent
and
skills.
当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。
8．The
election
went_against_him
at
first，but
he
won
at
last.
选举开始时对他不利，但最终他获胜了。
9．We
had
to
break_into_the_house
as
we
had
lost
the
key.
因为我们弄丢了钥匙，所以不得不破门而入。
10．I
hope
you
can
come_up_with_a_better_plan
than
this.我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。
PAGE
1Unit
4
Public
transport
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.arise
A．adj.好斗的，挑衅的；富于攻击性的
( )2.brake
B．vi.出现，产生
( )3.pedestrian
C．n.&
vi.&
vt.撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃
( )4.aggressive
D．n.刹车，车闸
vt.用车闸减速，刹车
( )5.crash
E．n.行人，步行者
adj.行人(使用)的
( )6.fine
F．vt.违犯，违反；侵犯
( )7.drunk
G．n.拐弯处，转弯处
( )8.violate
H．vt.处以罚金
( )9.turning
I．n.负荷，负载；大量，许多
vt.装载，装上，装入
( )10.load
J．adj.喝醉的
n．醉汉，酒鬼
[答案] 1－5 BDEAC 6－10 HJFGI
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A.旨在，目的是 B.意识到，认识到 C.尤其，特别 D.起因于，由……引起 E.状况良好 F.和……有关
( )1.I
don't
think
you
are
aware
of
how
much
this
means
to
me.
( )2.Dancing
or
ballroom
dancing
in
particular，used
to
be
very
popular
among
universities.
( )3.You
said
that
this
trip
was
aimed
at
promoting
dialogue
among
civilizations
and
developing
friendship
and
cooperation.
( )4.She
said
nothing
in
connection
with
her
marriage.
( )5.Please
check
whether
the
instruments
are
in
good
condition.
( )6.The
traffic
accident
arose
from
carelessness.
[答案] 1－6 BCAFED
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P62－63教材课文，选择最佳答案
The
purpose
of
this
text
is
mainly
to
________.
A．analyze
the
causes
of
traffic
problems
B．conclude
the
solutions
to
traffic
problems
C．make
people
aware
of
traffic
problems
and
advise
how
to
solve
them
D．blame
the
traffic
problems
on
vehicle
drivers
[答案] C
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P62－63教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．How
can
a
cyclist
prevent
a
traffic
accident?
A．Riding
too
close
to
vehicles.
B．Signalling
when
turning
onto
the
correct
side
of
the
road.
C．Riding
along
the
pavement.
D．Riding
with
overloads.
2．What
shouldn't
a
pedestrian
do
when
he
crosses
the
road?
A．Looking
both
ways.
B．Listening
for
cars.
C．Running
across
the
road.
D．Waiting
for
green
lights.
3．Why
can
speaking
on
the
phone
while
driving
cause
accidents?
A．Phones
have
a
bad
effect
on
engines.
B．Drivers
can't
see
the
police.
C．Drivers
like
to
do
two
things
at
the
same
time.
D．Drivers
can't
devote
themselves
to
two
things
at
the
same
time.
4．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
true?
A．Cyclists
should
always
signal
when
they
ride
bikes.
B．When
on
the
pavement，cyclists
should
walk
next
to
their
bikes.
C．One
cyclist
should
often
check
and
repair
his
bike.
D．All
of
the
road
users
should
pay
attention
to
road
safety.
[答案] 1－4 BCDA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P62－63教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
number
of
road
accidents
and
the
deaths
caused
by
them
1.has_increased
(increase)
over
the
past
year.2.So
it
is
necessary
for
us
all
to
be
aware
3.of
the
importance
of
obeying
traffic
rules
because
accidents
affect
drivers
of
vehicles
as
well
as
4.cyclists
(cycle)
and
pedestrians.
On
the
one
hand，when
drivers
drive
cars，they
must
pay
attention
to
5.surrounding
(surround)
traffic
and
be
patient
if
held
up
by
a
traffic
jam.They
mustn't
speak
on
phones
when
6.driving
(drive)
and
mustn't
drink
any
alcohol
before
driving.And
they'd
better
drive
at
7.a
proper
speed.
On
the
other
hand，some
accidents
8.are_related
(relate)
to
cyclists
and
pedestrians.They
9.usually
(usual)
think
traffic
rules
have
nothing
to
do
with
them，which
is
of
course
wrong.It
is
up
to
all
of
us
10.to_prevent(prevent)
accidents
to
make
people
safe.
PAGE
1Unit
4
Public
transport
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Some
children
are
much
more
aggressive
(好斗的)
than
others.
2．There
were
a
lot
of
drunk
(喝醉的)
drivers
on
the
roads
on
Saturday
nights.
3．Only
a
few
were
content
to
pay
the
fines
(罚金)．
4．The
table
shook
suddenly，and
all
the
glasses
came
crashing
(发出撞击声)
onto
the
floor.
5．I
think
we
must
have
taken
a
wrong
turning
(拐弯处)
somewhere.
6．He
braked
his
car
just
in
time
and
avoided
an
accident.
7．If
more
drivers
became
walkers
or
cyclists，the
environment
would
be
more
friendly
to
people.
8．Her
illness
arose
from
lack
of
rest.
9．She
announced
that
she
would
never
do
anything
violating
the
rules.
10．They
are
loading
the
truck
with
peaches.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．cycle
vi.骑自行车→cyclist
n．骑自行车的人
2．drink
vt.喝，饮；喝酒→drunk
adj.喝醉的n.醉汉，酒鬼
3．violate
vt.违犯，违反；侵犯→violation
n．违反，违犯；侵犯
4．load
n．负荷，负载；大量，许多
vt.装载，装上，装入→loaded
adj.有负载的→unload
v．卸(货)
5．turn
v．旋转，使转动→turning
n．拐弯处，转弯处
6．cross
v．横跨；横渡→crossing
n．人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越
v.＋
?ist
→n.
v.＋
?ing→n.
tourist
n．旅行者，观光者typist
n．打字员cyclist
n．骑自行车的人
printing
n．印刷，印刷术reading
n．阅读；朗读sailing
n．航海
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．arise
from
起因于，由……引起
2．be
aware
of
意识到，认识到
3．be
true
of
符合，对……适用
4．in
connection
with
和……有关
5．result
in
导致
6．watch
out
for
密切注意，戒备，提防
7．in
particular
尤其，特别
8．be
aimed
at
旨在，目的是
9．in
good
condition
状况良好
10．listen
for
留心听
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．The
book
is
aimed_at
very
young
children.
2．Watch_out_for
the
dog
because
it
often
bites
little
children.
3．The
food
is
good
and
the
same
is_true_of
the
service.
4．He
was
injured
in
the
accident
arising_from
carelessness.
5．The
children
listened_for
the
bell
to
announce
the
New
Year.
v.＋from→动词短语
v.＋for→动词短语
depart
from
离开，起程；开出derive
from
取得；起源；由来die
from
由于……而死，因……致死
die
for
渴望，为……而献身head
for
朝……方向走去look
for
寻找，寻求；指望
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.This
is
true
of
everyone
as
accidents
affect
drivers
of
vehicles
as
well
as
cyclists
and
pedestrians.这对每个人都尤为重要，因为事故不只是影响到车辆驾驶员，而且还影响到骑自行车的人和行人。
as
well
as
“除……之外；也；还”，用于连接并列成分。
He
advised
me
as_well_as_answered_my_questions.
他不但回答了我的问题，还给我提出了建议。
2.Many
cyclists
fail
to
pay
attention
to
the
cars
that
surround
them，and
often
ride
too
close
to
cars
to
allow
them
space
and
time
to
stop.许多骑自行车的人不注意周围的汽车，而且经常骑得离它们太近，以至于汽车没有足够的空间和时间刹车。
too...to...“太……而不能……”，用来表示结果。
The
sentence
is
too_difficult
for
me
to_translate.这个句子太难，我不会翻译。
3.Some
cyclists
make
the
assumption
that
traffic
laws
do
not
apply
to
them，but
this
is
not
true.有些骑自行车的人认为交通规则不适用于他们，但是这是不对的。
that引导同位语从句。
Nobody
can
explain
the
mystery
that_he_suddenly_disappeared.
没有人能够解释他突然消失这个谜。
4.It
is
up
to
all
of
us
road
users
to
make
sure
that
we
avoid
accidents
by
paying
attention
to
road
safety.通过注意道路安全来确保避免交通事故是我们每个行人的责任。
It's
up
to
sb.to
do
sth.“做某事是某人的义务；由某人决定做某事”。
It's_up_to_all_of_us_to_solve_the_problems
in
our
neighbourhood.
解决我们小区的问题是我们所有人的责任。
arise
vi.出现，产生
(教材P62)The
number
of
road
accidents
and
the
deaths
arising
from
those
accidents
has
increased
over
the
past
year.
在过去的一年里，道路事故及由此造成的死亡人数均有所增长。
arise
from/out
of...
起因于；由……引起
①When
problems
arise，Chinese
people
have
a
way
of
coming
together.
一旦出现问题的时候，中国人民就会团结在一起。
②Emotional
or
mental
problems
can
arise
from
a
physical
cause.＝
Emotional
or
mental
problems
can
arise
out
of
a
physical
cause.
身体上的原因可能会引起情绪或精神上的问题。
[名师点津]
arise的主语多为以下抽象名词：argument/problem/question/quarrel/movement。
[明辨异同] arise/rise/raise
arise
(arose；arisen)
vi.表示问题、困难等“出现，产生”；表示“起床，起身”时较正式。
rise
(rose；risen)
vi.表示“升起；增高”，说明主语自身移向较高位置，通常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、河水、温度、物价、职位等。
raise
(raised；raised)
vt.表示“举起；提出；抚养；筹集”。
arise，rise，raise
③As
the
sun
rose
in
the
sky，the
temperature
climbed.
④The
Chinese
government
is
trying
to
raise
education
standards.
⑤When
the
question
arose
at
the
meeting，no
one
could
answer
it.
crash
n．&
vi.&
vt.撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃
(教材P62)These
are
both
very
dangerous
because
they
can
result
in
crashes.
这两种情况都非常危险，因为它们可能导致撞车。
(1)in
a
crash
在猛撞中(2)crash
into
撞上
①A
girl
was
killed
yesterday
in
a
crash
involving
a
stolen
car.
昨天有一女孩在一桩涉及窃车的撞车事故中丧生。
②A
truck
went
out
of
control
and
crashed
into
the
back
of
a
bus.
一辆货车失控撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部。
[语境助记]
He
experienced
a
serious
crash
today—his
car
crashed
into
another
and
let
out
a
loud
crash
of
breaking
glass.
他今天经历了一起严重的撞车事故——他的车撞上了另一辆车，发出了很大的玻璃撞碎的声音。
fine
vt.处以罚金
n．罚金，罚款
(教材P62)Recently
the
number
of
people
fined
for
speaking
on
their
mobile
phones
while
driving
has
increased
by
30
per
cent.
近来，因驾车时用手机打电话而被罚款的司机人数增长了30%。
(1)fine
sb.some
money
罚某人多少钱fine
sb.for
(doing)
sth.
因某人(做)某事而处以罚金(2)a
heavy
fine
重金罚款
①Drivers
risk
a
heavy
fine
for
driving
without
a
license.
无照驾驶的司机可能会被处以巨额罚款。
②He
was_fined(fine)
200
dollars
for
violation
of
traffic
regulation.
他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
③He
got
fined
￡200
for
parking(park)
illegally.
他由于非法停车被罚200
英镑。
violate
vt.违犯，违反；侵犯
(教材P62)If
you
drive
after
you
have
consumed
alcoholic
drinks
or
are
drunk，you
are
violating
the
law
and
risking
your
own
life
as
well
as
the
lives
of
others.
如果你酒后或醉酒开车，那么你是在犯法并且危及自己和他人的生命。
(1)violate
human
rights
违反人权(2)violation
n.
违反；违背in
violation
of
违反(3)violator
n.
违背者；违反者
①It
was
reported
that
the
book
violated
human
rights.
据报道这本书的内容违反了人权。
②The
policeman
scolded
the
driver
for
his
violation(violate)
of
traffic
regulations.
由于该司机违反交通规则，警察对他严加批评。
③All
acts
in
violation
of
the
law
must
be
investigated.
一切违反法律的行为，必须予以追究。
load
n．负荷，负载；大量，许多
vt.装载，装上，装入
(教材P63)Carrying
more
than
a
light
load
on
your
bicycle
makes
it
more
difficult
to
control.
用自行车带上重物使得车子难以控制。
(1)a
load
of＝loads
of
许多(后接可数/不可数名词)take
a
load
off
one's
mind
消除某人的精神负担，使某人如释重负(2)load
(up)
...with
sth.
把某物装上……load
sth.into/onto...
把某物装入/到……里be
loaded
with...
装满了……
①The
good
news
has
taken
a
load
off
my
mind.
这个好消息消除了我的精神负担。
②I
have
a
load
of/loads
of
problems
to
deal
with.
我有许多问题要解决。
③They
are
loading
the
truck
with
fresh
fruits.
＝They
are
loading
fresh
fruits
onto/into
the
truck.
他们正在往卡车上装新鲜水果。
④A
number
of
local
people
have
been
arrested
for
trying
to
stop
lorries
loaded(load)
with
logs.
一些当地人因试图阻止满载原木的卡车通行而被逮捕。
(教材P63)Some
cyclists
make
the
assumption
that_traffic_laws_do_not_
apply_to_them，but
this
is
not
true.
有些骑自行车的人认为交通规则不适用于他们，但是这是不对的。
【要点提炼】 句中that
traffic
laws
do
not
apply
to
them为that引导的同位语从句，说明assumption的具体内容。
(1)后跟同位语从句的名词有：news，fact，thought，idea，possibility，chance，evidence等；(2)同位语从句的引导词有：that，what，which，who，when，where，why，how，whether等；(3)that引导同位语从句时，仅仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有意义。而其他连接代词或连接副词引导同位语从句时，起引导从句和充当句子成分的双重作用；(4)whether可引导同位语从句，有词义，但在从句中不充当句子成分，if不能引导同位语从句。
①Our
teacher
gave
us
some
advice
how
we
(should)
use
the
computer.
老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
②The
question
who
should
do
the
work
requires
consideration.
谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
③The
question
what
is
the
most
important
thing
for
us
now
remains
to
be
discussed.
当前对我们来说最重要的是什么这一问题尚待讨论。
④We
have
some
doubt
whether
they
can
complete
the
task
on
time.
我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
[名师点津]
that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不充当句子成分，往往不能省略；that引导定语从句时，在从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
⑤The
bag
that/which
lies
on
the
ground
is
hers.
地上的那个包是她的。(定语从句)
⑥The
news
that
our
women
volleyball
team
had
won
the
championship
encouraged
us
all
greatly.
我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。(同位语从句)
(教材P62)Drivers
have
to
take
the
responsibility
to
watch
out
for
people
crossing
the
road，especially
senior
citizens
who
may
not
be
able
to
walk
very
fast
and
young
children
who
may
not
look
before
stepping
into
the
road.
【分析】 这是一个复合句。Drivers...people
crossing
the
road是主句，句中现在分词短语crossing
the
road作名词people的后置定语；后面有who引导的两个定语从句，分别修饰先行词senior
citizens和young_children。
【翻译】 司机们有责任留意过马路的人们，尤其是那些行动缓慢的老人和过马路时不注意观察两边的儿童。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.He
was
fined
for
speeding
the
other
day.
2．A
similar
situation
appears
to
be
true
of
other
planetary
systems
as
well.
3．He
regarded
the
burglary
as
a
violation
(violate)
of
his
home.
4．The
Department
of
Agriculture
has
programs
aimed
(aim)
at
increasing
interest
in
locally
grown
food.
5．I
am
writing
to
you
in
connection
with
your
recent
job
application.
6．He
publishes
as
well
as
prints
(print)
his
own
books.
7．Are
there
any
problems
loading
the
goods
onto
the
boat?
8．A
Malaysia
Airlines
passenger
jet
was
reported
to
have_crashed
(crash)
in
Ukraine
60
km
from
the
border
with
Russia
with
298
people
aboard.
9．They
are
talking
about
the
problems
arising
(arise)
out
of
change
over
a
new
type
of
fuel.
10．Who
do
you
think
it
is
up
to
to_clean
(clean)
the
windows
today?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．This
notice
is_aimed_at_increasing
people's
awareness
of
the
accidents.
通告的目的是增加人们对事故的了解。
2．There
are
more
and
more
family
problems
arising_from/out_of_the_lack
_of_communication.
现在因缺乏交流而引发的家庭问题越来越多。
3．He
got
a
message
from
Mr.Green
that_the_manager_couldn't_see_him_today.
他从格林先生那儿得到消息，经理今天不能见他。
4．It's_up_to_us_to_help_those
in
need.
我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。
5．That's
the
new
machine
whose
parts
are
too_small_to_be_seen.
那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。
PAGE
8Unit
4
Public
transport
如何写电子邮件
一、电子邮件的写法
电子邮件即email，是人们在因特网上沟通的一种常见形式，其写法跟书信基本一致，它的显著特点就是简单明了。一般来说，电子邮件可分为以下几部分：
1．收件人地址
在标题栏的“收件人(To)”框中输入收信人的email地址如Li
Ping@yahoo.com等，顶格写在邮件的第一行。
2．主题
“主题(Subject)”框的内容应简明地概括信的内容。
3．称呼
email一般使用非正式的文体，因此正文前的称呼通常无须使用诸如Dear
Mr.John之类的表达。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名，如Hi，Tom，但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔并使用姓。
4．正文
写email和写英文书信相差不多，一般采用“三段式结构”。
5．信尾客套法
信尾客套话通常也很简明。常常只需一个词，如：Thanks，Best，Cheers等；不需要用一般信函中的Sincerely
yours，Best
regards等。
6．签名
其写法和书信的签名一样，指发件人的姓名，写在客套结束语的下面一行(或两行)。
二、电子邮件的三部分
1．开头要表明写作目的，即明确要告知的信息。
2．主体部分应详细告知相关问题的细节，以便接收者能明白所告知信息的相关内容。
3．最后通常表达期盼和祝愿。
1．邮件开头常见用语：
I
am
delighted
to
receive
your
letter.
It
was
a
great
pleasure
to
learn
that...
I'm
writing
to
you
to...
I'm
writing
to
you
about...
I'm
so
pleased
to
hear
from
you
and
am
writing
to
tell
you
something
about...
2．邮件结尾常见用语：
Thank
you
once
again
for
your
kind
letter.
Expecting
to
hear
from
you
as
soon
as
possible.
Hoping
that
you'll
get
well
soon.
Looking
forward
to
meeting
you.
Remember
me
to
your
whole
family.
假如你叫Amy，来自英国，正在江西师大附中学习。你妈妈想在国庆假期之际来中国旅游。获悉妈妈的假日计划后，你向中国国际旅行社咨询并获得了一些信息。你选择了“江西四日游”。请你写一封电子邮件告诉妈妈你的选择及行程安排。
第一天：游南昌，观滕王阁，乘汽车抵达长江，坐游船沿江游览；
第二天——第三天：登庐山，夜宿牯岭街。第三天清晨在山顶观日出，参观山脚下的东林寺；
第四天：游客自选：
◆乘汽车去汤显祖故居——抚州；
◆乘火车前往景德镇——参观陶瓷之都。
价格：1,500元/人(国庆特价1,200元/人)
注意：1.适当增添细节以使文章连贯；
2．词数：80左右。
参考词汇：滕王阁Tengwang
Tower
牯岭街Guling
Street
东林寺Donglin
Temple
陶瓷Porcelain
china
体裁
电子邮件
时态
以一般将来时为主
主题
旅游计划及行程安排
人称
以第一人称为主
结构
第一段：明确告知旅游计划；第二段：详细告知行程安排；第三段：征求对方意见并表达期盼。
[遣词造句]
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．minibus
n．
中巴
2．ferry
n.
渡船
3．convey
v.
运送
4．a_handful_of
少数的；一些
5．decide_on
决定，选定
6．enlarge_one's_horizons
扩大视野
7．head_for
前往
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)
完成句子
1．我已经查看了你的假期计划，看了几个国庆节我们可以去的地方。
I've
checked
your
holiday
plan
and
looked
at
a_handful_of
possible
places
where_we_can_go
during
the
National
holiday.
2．我决定我们去江西四日游。
I
decide_on_our_going_to
Jiangxi
Province
on
a
four?day
trip.
3．然后我们乘一辆中巴，送我们去长江。
Then
we'll
take_a_minibus
which
conveys_us_to
the
Changjiang
River.
4．我们可以乘渡船开阔视野。
We
can
enlarge_our_horizons_by_ferry.
5．然后我们将在靠近山顶的古灵街过夜，以便第二天一早观看美丽的日出。
We'll
then
spend
the
night
in
Guling
Street，which
is
close_to
the
top
of
the
mountain
so_as_to_watch_the_beautiful_sunrise
early
next
morning.
6．为什么不接受这个好提议呢？
Why_not_take
this
great
offer?
(二)句式升级
7．旅行从南昌开始，我们可以游览滕王阁。(用where引导定语从句合并句子)
The
trip
starts
from
Nanchang.We
will
visit
Tengwang
Tower.
→The_trip_starts_from_Nanchang，where_we_will_visit_Tengwang_Tower.
8．在参观了山脚下的东林寺之后，我们将在去参观中国瓷都景德镇前稍作休息。(用分词短语合并句子)
We'll
visit
the
Donglin
Temple
at
the
foot
of
the
mountain.We'll
relax
a
bit
before
heading
for
Jingdezhen，Porcelain
City
of
china，for
a
visit.
→Having_visited_the_Donglin_Temple_at_the_foot_of_the_mountain，we'll_
relax_a_bit_before_heading_for_Jingdezhen，Porcelain_City_of_china，for_a_visit.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear
Mum，
I've
checked
your
holiday
plan
and
looked
at
a
handful
of
possible
places
where
we
can
go
during
the
National
holiday.I
decide
on
our
going
to
Jiangxi
Province
on
a
four?day
trip.
It
starts
from
Nanchang，where
we'll
visit
Tengwang
Tower.Then
we'll
take
a
minibus
which
conveys
us
to
the
Changjiang
River.We
can
enlarge
our
horizons
by
ferry.On
the
second
day
we'll
have
a
good
time
climbing
Mount
Lushan.We'll
then
spend
the
night
in
Guling
Street，which
is
close
to
the
top
of
the
mountain
so
as
to
watch
the
beautiful
sunrise
early
next
morning.Having
visited
the
Donglin
Temple
at
the
foot
of
the
mountain，we'll
relax
a
bit
before
heading
for
Jingdezhen，Porcelain
City
of
china，for
a
visit.The
trip
costs
only
1,200
yuan
per
person.
Why
not
take
this
great
offer?
I'm
sure
you'll
enjoy
it.
Yours，
Amy
[导读] Drive
My
Car是英国摇滚乐队the
Beatles的一首歌。主要由Paul
McCartney创作，包含了John
Lennon情感色彩浓烈的贡献，歌曲在乐队1965年的英版专辑Rubber
Soul首次发行，同样也出现在北美的Yesterday
and
Tody
collection。
Drive
My
Car
Sung
by
the
Beatles
Asked
a
girt
what
she
wanted
to
be，
she
said
baby，can't
you
see.
I
wanna
be
famous，a
star
on
the
screen，
but
you
can
do
something
in
between.
Baby
you
can
drive
my
car.
Yes
I'm
gonna
be
a
star.
Baby
you
can
drive
my
car，
and
baby
I
love
you.
I
told
a
girl
that
my
prospects
were
good，
and
she
said
baby，it's
understood.
Working
for
peanuts
is
all
very
fine，
but
I
can
show
you
a
better
time.
Baby
you
can
drive
my
car.
Yes
I'm
gonna
be
a
star.
Baby
you
can
drive
my
car，
and
baby
I
love
you.
Baby
you
can
drive
my
car.
Yes
I'm
gonna
be
a
star.
Baby
you
can
drive
my
car，
and
baby
I
love
you.
I
told
a
girl
I
can
start
right
away，
and
she
said
listen
baby
I
got
something
to
say.
I
got
no
car
and
it's
breaking
my
heart，
but
I've
found
a
driver
and
that's
a
start.
Baby
you
can
drive
my
car.
Yes
I'm
gonna
be
a
star.
Baby
you
can
drive
my
car，
and
baby
I
love
you.
Beep
beep'm
beep
beep
yeah!
Beep
beep'm
beep
beep
yeah!
Beep
beep'm
beep
beep
yeah!
Beep
beep'm
beep
beep
yeah！
开我的车
演唱：甲壳虫乐队
问一个女孩，她想成为什么
她说，宝贝，你看不出来吗
我想出名，成为屏幕上的明星
但是你可以在中间起到什么作用
宝贝，你可以开我的车
是的，我会成为明星
宝贝，你可以开我的车
宝贝，我爱你
我告诉一个女孩，我的前景是好的
她说：亲爱的，它的理解
花生工作是非常细
但是我可以告诉你一个更好的时间
宝贝，你可以开我的车
是的，我会成为明星
宝贝，你可以开我的车
宝贝，我爱你
宝贝，你可以开我的车
是的，我会成为明星
宝贝，你可以开我的车
宝贝，我爱你
我告诉一个女孩，我马上可以工作
她说：听宝贝，我有话要说
我没有车 这让我伤心
但是我发现一个司机，这是一个开始
宝贝，你可以开我的车
是的，我会成为明星
宝贝，你可以开我的车
宝贝，我爱你
哔哔哔哔是的
哔哔哔哔是的
哔哔哔哔是的
哔哔哔哔是的
[知识积累]
1．screen
n．
屏幕
2．prospect
n.
前景
3．peanut
n.
花生
4．beep
n.
哔哔的声音
[文化链接]
这首歌的歌词十分有趣。有个女人告诉这首歌的
男主角她将要成为一个著名电影演员，并且提供给他一次当她司机的机会，并且还说：“也许我会爱上你。”当他反对他的“前景是好的”，她反驳道，“挣不了多少钱的工作是挺好的，但我可以给你的，可是更愉快的享受。”当他终于同意她的提议时，她却承认她没有一辆车，但是她已经找到了司机这可是一个好开始。
PAGE
7Unit
4
Public
transport
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．He
is
always
punctual
(守时的)
for
appointments.
2．My
travel
agent
has
made
all
the
reservations
(预订)
for
my
journey.
3．The
storm
split
(使分离)
a
branch
off
the
main
trunk.
4．Steel
output
reached
an
annual
(每年的)
figure
of
one
million
tons.
5．He
worked
as
a
receptionist
in
a
hotel.
6．We
invited
30
people，but
only
a
handful
came.
7．I
saw
Simon
shortly
before
his
departure
for
Russia.
8．The
lifeboat
ferried
the
crew
and
passengers
to
safety.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．annual
adj.每年的，一年一次的→annually
adv.每年地
2．receive
vt.接待，接纳；收到→reception
n．接待(处)→receptionist
n．接待员
3．reserve
v．预订；保留→reservation
n．预订，预约；保留意见
4．depart
vi.离开→departure
n．离开，出发；背离，违反
5．enquire
v．询问；调查→enquiry
n．询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．put
through
给某人接通(电话)；使经历
2．decide
on/upon
决定，选定
3．put
off
推迟，推延；使反感
4．turn
up
出现，到来；调高(音量等)
5．fill
in
填写(表格)；消磨(时间)
6．a
handful
of
少数的，少量的
7．split
up
分组，分解；分离
8．speed
up
(使)加速
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Fill_in
this
form，and
you'll
have
to
answer
some
questions.
2．Has
he
decided_on/upon
where
his
birthday
party
will
be
held?
3．He
didn't
turn_up
on
time
as
he
had
promised.
4．He
keeps
putting_off
going
to
the
dentist.
5．The
soldiers
were
put_through
eight
weeks
of
basic
training.
6．We
must
speed_up
in
order
to
get
to
the
destination
on
time.
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.I
can
get
her
to
call
you
back，or
maybe
I
can
deal
with
your
enquiry？我可以让她给你回电话，或者也许我可以处理你询问的事？
get
sb.to
do
sth.“让某人做某事”。
My
plan
worked，and
I
got_them_to_agree.
我的想法奏效了，我让他们同意了。
2.I'm
a
high
school
student
and
I'm
calling
to
see
if
it's
possible
to
arrange
a
trip
for
my
class
to
look
around
the
transport
control
centre.我是一名中学生，我打电话是想了解是否能安排我班的学生参观交通控制中心。
“It
is/was＋adj.＋to
do...”句型中，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
It_is_possible_to_see
as
far
as
the
island
on
a
clear
day.天气晴朗的日子里可以看到远至那座岛屿的地方。
3.Hmm，well，we
do
welcome
students
to
visit
this
centre，but
you
will
have
to
fill
in
a
form
and
then
we
will
decide
on
the
best
way
to
organize
the
visit.嗯，哦，我们的确欢迎学生们来参观该中心，但是你得填写一张表格，然后我们将决定组织这次参观的最佳方式。
“do＋动词原形”表示对谓语进行的强调，多用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
Jack
said
he
would
come
and
he
did_come.杰克说他要来，他果真来了。
turn
up
出现，到来；调高(音量等)；卷起
(教材P56)They
did
not
turn
up
until
10
o'clock.
他们直到十点才露面。
写出下列句中turn
up的含义
①Something
unexpected
had
turned
up
before
he
could
know.出现
②He
turned
up
his
coat
collar
against
the
cold.卷起
③Please
turn
up
the
radio
so
that
we
can
listen
to
the
music
clearly.
调高(音量等)
turn
off
关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向turn
out
生产；结果是；关掉；出动；驱逐turn
over
移交给；翻阅；把……翻过来；反复考虑turn
in
交上；归还turn
down
把声音调低；拒绝
④Things
will
turn
out
to
be
contrary
to
one's
wishes，as
is
often
the
case.事与愿违，这是常有的事。
⑤They
offered
her
the
job
but
she
turned
it
down.
他们提供给她那份工作，但她拒绝了。
⑥If
you
forgot
to
turn
it
off
when
you
went
away，you
might
burn
down
the
house.当你离开的时候如果你忘了关掉它，你可能会把房子烧掉。
(教材P57)Hmm，well，we
do
welcome
students
to
visit
this
centre，but
you
will
have
to
fill_in
a
form
and
then
we
will
decide_on
the
best
way
to
organize
the
visit.
嗯，哦，我们的确欢迎学生们来参观这个中心，但是你得填写一张表格，然后我们将决定组织这次参观的最佳方式。
(1)fill
in填写(表格)；消磨(时间)
fill
out
填写(表格)fill
up
(with
sth.)
(用……)装满fill...with...
用……填充……be
filled
with＝be
full
of
装满……
①He
filled
up
the
tank
with
oil
and
set
off
at
once.
他把油箱装满油，接着就出发了。
②It's
not
an
easy
task
to
fill
in/out
a
form
for
many
people.
对许多人来说填表不是一件容易的事。
③The
room
was_filled(fill)
with
smoke
because
so
many
people
were
smoking
here.
屋子里满是烟，因为如此多的人在这里吸烟。
(2)decide
on/upon决定，选定
(1)decide
on/upon
(doing)
sth.
决定(做)
某事decide
against...
决定不要……decide
(sb.)
to
do
sth.
(使某人)下决心做某事It
is
decided
that...
决定……[从句谓语动词常用(should)＋do](2)decision
n.
决定；抉择
④They
decided
against
climbing
the
mountain.
他们决定不爬这座山了。
⑤She
decided
to_rent(rent)
out
a
room
to
get
extra
income.
为获得额外收入她决定租出一个房间。
⑥It
was
eventually
decided
that
four
local
restaurants
(should)_be_closed(close)
because
of
waste
oil
event.
因地沟油事件，最后决定关闭四家当地的饭店。
split
vi.&
vt.分割，使(分开)；撕开，割破
(教材P57)We
could
split
up
into
groups，and
come
at
different
times.
我们可以分成小组，在不同的时间来参观。
split
up
分组，分解；分离，分开split
(up)．..into...
(把……)分成……split
sth.between/among...
在……之间分配，分摊split
away/
off
(使)脱离，分裂出去
①The
storm
has
split
the
branch
off
from
the
main
tree
trunk.
暴风雨把树枝从树干上刮了下来。
②Our
teachers
usually
split
us
into
groups
to
discuss
questions.
老师通常把我们分成小组来讨论问题。
③Let's
split
up
now
and
meet
again
after
school.
让我们现在分开放学后再集合。
put
through
给某人接通(电话)；使经历；完成
(教材P57)OK，I
will
put
you
through
to
the
receptionist
and
she
can
take
down
your
details.
好的，我帮你接通接待员的电话，她会记下你的详细情况。
写出下列句中put
through的含义
①If
she's
not
in，can
you
put
me
through
to
her
secretary？给某人接通(电话)
②You
have
put
your
family
through
much
suffering.使经受
③Paul
expects
to
put
through
the
project
at
the
first
attempt.完成
put
sb.through
(to...)
给某人接通(电话)put
sb.through
sth.
使某人经受(磨练、痛苦)put
sth.through
完成；达成；使成功put
forward
提出(意见、建议)；推荐；把时针向前拨put
up
举起；建造put
off
推迟，推延；使反感put
up
with
忍受；容忍
④Never
put
off
till
tomorrow
what
you
can
do
today.
今日事今日毕。
⑤Who
do
you
know
was
the
first
to
put
forward
the
famous
saying
“Knowledge
is
power”？
你知道谁首先提出“知识就是力量”这句名言吗？
⑥I
can't
put
up
with
living
in
such
a
dirty
house.
我不能忍受住在这么脏的房子里。
reservation
n．预订，预约；保留意见
(教材P59)There
are
many
flights
to
Dalian，and
the
city
has
good
air
connections
with
most
large
cities
in
China，but
you
need
to
make
reservations
in
advance.
有很多航班飞往大连，大连与中国大多数大城市之间都有航线，但你得提前订票。
(1)make
a
reservation
预订have/express
reservations
about...
对……表示疑问，对……保留意见without
reservation
毫无保留地(2)reserve
v.
预订；保留n.
储备(量)；自然保护区；替补队员be
reserved
for
为……保留/留出，留给……用in
reserve
备用
①Please
allow
me
to
speak
out
the
truth
without
reservation.
请允许我直言不讳地说出事实。
②I've
made
a
reservation
for
you
on
the
morning
flight.
我为你预订了早上的航班。
③I
have
serious
reservations
about
his
ability
to
do
the
job.
我非常怀疑他有没有能力胜任这份工作。
④I'm
sorry
to
tell
you
this
seat
is_reserved(reserve)
for
the
old
woman.
抱歉地告诉你这个座位是留给那位老妇人的。
speed
up
(使)加速
(教材P59)A
new
service
has
just
opened
between
Beijing
and
Dalian
and
this
has
speeded
up
travel
between
the
two
cities.
北京与大连之间刚刚开通了一条新的(火车)交通线，这样就大大提高了两市间的旅行速度。
(1)speed
v．
快速前行；加速；促进
n.
速度(2)at
high/low/full
speed
以高/低/全速at
a
speed
of...
以……速度with
all
speed
全速pick
up/reduce
speed
加/减速
①The
train
began
to
pick
up
speed
about
two
miles
out
of
the
station.
火车出站约两英里后开始加速。
②The
American
buffalo
could
run
at
a
speed
of
almost
75
kilometers
an
hour.
美洲野牛的奔跑速度可达每小时近75千米。
③Can
you
try
to
speed
your
work
up
a
bit?
你能不能设法稍微加快一下你的工作进度？
④A
sudden
stop
can
be
a
very
frightening
experience，especially
if
you
are
travelling
at
high
speed.
突然停下来可能是一次非常可怕的经历，尤其是你正在高速行驶时。
departure
n．离开，出发；背离，违反
(教材P59)Check
timetables
for
departure
and
arrival
times.核对(列车运行)时刻表来获取(列车)离开和到达的时间。
(1)take
one's
departure
离开；启程(2)depart
v.
离开；启程depart
from
从……离开；背离，违反depart
for
身去……
①Have
you
settled
on
a
date
for
your
departure?
你出发的日子已决定了吗？
②The
basketball
team
will
depart
for
Qinghai
tomorrow.
篮球队明天将动身去青海。
③We
ought
not
to
depart
from_that
principle.
我们不应违背那个原则。
(教材P57)I
can
get_her_to_call_you_back，or
maybe
I
can
deal
with
your
enquiry?
我可以让她给你回电话，或者也许我可以处理你询问的事？
【要点提炼】 句中get
her
to
call
you
back属于“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，不定式短语to
call
you
back充当宾语补足语。
(1)get
sb.to
do
sth. “让某人做某事”，不定式与sb.之间为主谓关系(2)get
sb./sth.doing
sth.
“使某人/某物开始做某事”，现在分词表示动作的开始，与sb.或sth.之间为主谓关系(3)get
sth.done
“使某事被……”，过去分词表示动作已经完成，与sth.之间为被动关系
①My
idea
is
that
we
should
get
a
porter
to
carry
our
luggage.我的想法是我们得请个搬运工来搬运行李。
②Who
can
get
the
machine
running(run)?
谁能启动这台机器？
③I
need
to
get
the
washing
machine
fixed(fix)．
我需要叫人来修洗衣机。
[名师点津]
get与have均为使役动词，两者都可接非谓语动词作宾语补足语，不过get
sb./sth.doing
sth.中，现在分词表示动作的开始，而have
sb./sth.doing
sth.中，现在分词表示动作的持续；动词have后用省略to不定式作宾语补足语，即have
sb./sth.do
sth.，而动词get却用带to不定式作宾语补足语。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We
have
received
over
300
enquiries
about
the
job
since
it
was
advertised
in
the
local
newspaper.
2．The
train
runs
at
a
speed
of
70
miles
an
hour
so
we
have
to
drive
at
full
speed
if
we
want
to
catch
up
with
it.
3．Before
us
lies
the
biggest
room，filled
(fill)
with
things
like
guns，dolls
and
old
clothes.
4．The
experiment，though
they
had
tried
their
best，turned
out
to
be
a
failure.
5．Production
will
start
up
again
when
these
changes
have
been
put
through.
6．I
do
hope
the
above
advice
can
be
of
some
help
to
you.
7．The
article
is
easier
to
read
if
he
splits
it
up
into
sections.
8．I'd
like
to
make
a
reservation
for
a
double
room
for
this
Friday
night.
9．A
handful
of
onlookers
stood
in
the
field
watching.
10．I
am
already
an
adult，so
it's
time
to_decide
(decide)
on
my
own
life.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．They
are
friendly
to
each
other
and
they
always
split_up_the_work_between_
them.
他们彼此很友好，总是共同分担工作。
2．Our
physics
teacher
said
that
light
travels_at_a_speed_of
300,000
km
per
second.
我们的物理老师说光以每秒30万千米的速度传播。
3．Fill_in_the_blanks
with
articles
where
necessary.
在空格中必要的地方填入冠词。
4．It
is
impossible
for
him
to
change
his
mind
once
he
has_decided_on_doing/to_
do_something.
一旦他决定做某事，他是不可能改变主意的。
5．Could
you
please
put_me_through_to_the_manager?
I
have
something
very
important
to
talk
with
him.
请让经理接一下电话好吗？我有非常重要的事情要与他谈谈。
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