Unit
1
Building
the
future
在美国的弗吉尼亚州，有一个特殊的农场——Volunteer
Farm，它由来自各地的志愿者来打理，为许多买不起食物的人们提供新鲜的蔬菜和水果。
Volunteer
Farm
feeds
the
hungry
Hunger
in
the
United
States
is
nothing
compared
to
hunger
in
some
parts
of
the
world.Yet
10
million
American
households
report
that
they
do
not
always
know
where
they
will
find
their
next
meal.
The
report
by
Feeding
America，the
largest
hunger?relief
charity
in
the
US，also
says
that
each
week，more
than
5.5
million
Americans
turn
to
emergency
food
sources.Most
of
what
they
find
in
charities
is
bottled，canned
or
dry
goods.
But
at
the
Volunteer
Farm
in
Virginia，fresh
food
is
being
harvested
to
feed
the
hungry.
As
its
name
suggests，the
farm
relies
on
volunteers
to
weed，plant
and
harvest.During
the
past
seven
years
the
farm
has
had
over
10，000
volunteers.They
have
come
from
nearly
every
US
state
and
26
foreign
countries.
One
day，a
group
from
Tinkling
Springs
Church
drove
more
than
100
kilometers
to
collect
potatoes
from
a
field.The
majority
of
the
volunteers，more
than
50，were
children.
Harriet，one
of
the
church
leaders，says
that
after
a
few
hours'
working
in
the
sun，“the
children
go
to
bed，tired，but
they
know
in
a
very
physical
and
practical
way
that
they
have
made
a
difference”.
Produce
from
the
Volunteer
Farm
is
distributed
through
large
food
banks.
“We
received
last
year，about
71，000
pounds
of
fresh
produce
from
the
Volunteer
Farm，”says
Teresa，Director
of
Virginia
Food
Bank.
She
says
fruits
and
vegetables
are
important
for
proper
nutrition.“They
are
healthier，so
much
better
for
children's
bodies
and
we
are
able
to
provide
so
much
with
the
Volunteer
Farm.”
[诱思导读]
1．People
get
the
produce
from
the
Volunteer
Farm
directly.( )
2．All
the
volunteers
for
the
Volunteer
Farm
come
from
the
USA.( )
【答案】 1.F 2.F
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．gravity
A．a
business
companyor
organization
2．wrestle
B．a
situation
in
which
you
have
to
make
a
difficult
decision
3．dilemma
C．the
force
that
makes
sth.fall
to
the
ground
4．permanent
D．happening
or
existing
for
a
long
time
or
for
all
time
in
the
future
5．framework
E．struggle
to
deal
with
sth.that
is
difficult
6．enterprise
F．the
structure
of
a
particular
system
【答案】 1.C 2.E 3.B 4.D 5.F 6.A
Ⅱ.短语填空
put
pressure
on；on
top
of；at
risk；without
doubt；at
a
crossroads；be
dependent
on；take
place
1．
everything
else，my
car's
been
stolen.
2．Advertisements
girls
to
be
thin.
3．If
we
go
to
war，innocent
lives
will
be
put
．
4．His
life
was
when
he
quit
his
job.
5．A
child's
development
many
factors.
6．The
Olympic
Games
of
2012
in
London.
【答案】 1.On
top
of 2.put
pressure
on 3.at
risk
4．at
a
crossroads 5.is
dependent
on 6.took
place
Ⅲ.背诵下列教材中出现的句型，体会黑体部分的用法
1．These
things
provide
a
framework
for
new
jobs
to
be
created,
allowing
people
to
help
themselves
so
that
they
no
longer
need
to
depend
on
others.
这些事业给创造新工作构架提供了机会，以便使人们自己帮助自己，不再依赖别人。
2．They
are
the
result
of
teaching
a
man
to
fish
so
that
he
can
fill
his
belly
for
a
lifetime.
它们是授人以渔的成果，让一个人可以一辈子填饱肚子。
3．What
developing
countries
really
need
to
do
is
to
stop
poverty
by
fighting
the
cause
of
it.
发展中国家真正需要做的就是通过与贫困的根源做斗争来消灭贫困。
Ⅰ.从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．What
was
the
concert
held
by
Geldof
in
1985
for?
A．Earning
him
a
large
amount
of
money.
B．Raising
money
for
hunger
relief
and
public
awareness
of
the
famine.
C．Drawing
attention
around
the
world
to
the
famine.
2．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true
according
to
the
text?
A．The
United
Nations
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme
in
1963.
B．The
WFP
has
helped
more
than
one
billion
people
since
it
was
set
up，which
is
enough
to
help
developing
countries.
C．What
developing
countries
really
need
is
the
food
aid.
3．What's
the
target
of
the
Food?for?Growth
programme?
A．Sending
emergency
food
aid
to
countries
during
times
of
crisis.
B．Helping
people
most
at
risk，such
as
babies，pregnant
women
and
the
elderly.
C．Helping
unemployed
people
support
themselves
by
giving
them
work
and
paying
them
in
food
aid.
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.B
Ⅱ.完成下列表格
Teach
a
man
to
fish
Bob
Geldof
and
Live
Aid
(Paragraph
1)
On
13
July
1985，Bob
Geldof
organized
a
charity
1.
in
two
places—London
and
Philadelphia
to
2.
hunger
relief
in
Ethiopha.The
concert
not
only
3.
worldwide
but
also
4.
politicians
and
statesmen.
The
World
Food
Programme(Paragraphs2～3)
It
was
5.
in
1963.There
are
a
number
of
programmes.The
Food?for?Life
programme
sends
emergency
food
aid；the
Food?for?Growth
programme
mainly
helps
the
babies,
pregnant
women
and
old
people；the
Food?for
?Work
programme
helps
people
6.
.
The
situation
that
the
developing
countries
face
and
the
ways
to
solve
the
problem
(Paragraphs
4～8)
Though
some
developing
countries
are
seeing
great
development，they
are
still
poorer
than
other
countries
and
there
is
7.
that
they
could
fall
further
behind
developed
countries.There
are
three
important
ways
that
developing
countries
really
need
to
do
to
stop
poverty：one
way
is
to
improve
its
8.
；another
way
is
to
9.
the
problem
of
unemployment
through
the
development
of
private
enterprise
10.
job
training；finally，education
and
training
for
young
people
is
very
important.
【答案】 1.concert 2.raise
money
for 3.made
the
headlines 4.put
pressure
on 5.set
up 6.without
jobs 7.a
danger 8.infrastructure 9.address 10.along
with
Ⅲ.完成下面课文缩写
In
1985，people
in
Ethiopia
1.
the
bad
drought.In
order
to
help
them，Bob
Geldof
organized
a
charity
concert
named
Live
Aid
in
two
places—London
and
Philadelphia，2.
$100
million
to
buy
food
and
to
assist
with
development
projects
there.3.
the
concert
also
4.
and
put
great
pressure
on
politicians
and
statesmen
to
do
something
about
the
problem
of
world
hunger.
However，according
to
the
United
Nations，disease
and
poverty
are
still
a
serious
problem
in
the
developing
world，especially
hunger，which
kills
more
people
than
any
disease.5.
the
dilemma
of
worldwide
hunger，the
UN
set
up
the
agency，World
Food
Programme
(WFP)in
1963.The
WFP
has
organized
many
programmesl，6.
the
Food?for?Life
programme，Food?for?Growth，Food?for?Work
programme
and
so
on，which
has
helped
more
than
one
million
people
since
it
was
set
up.
While
some
developing
countries
are
seeing
great
7.
，they
are
still
very
poor.In
order
to
solve
the
long?term
problem，what
developing
countries
really
needs
to
do
are
as
follows：one
way
to
help
a
country
is
to
improve
its
8.
；another
way
to
help
a
country
is
through
the
development
of
9.
along
with
job
training
to
address
the
problem
of
unemployment；finally，10.
and
training
for
young
people
is
very
important.
【答案】 1.suffered
from 2.raising 3.Meanwhile
4．made
the
headlines 5.In
wrestling
with
6．including 7.development 8.infrastructure
9．private
enterprise 10.education
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Building
the
future
1．(教材P6)The
word
industry
refers
to
all
the
businesses
involved
in
supplying
a
certain
product
or
service.
单词industry是指涉及供应某一产品或服务的所有行业。
(1)refer
to参考；参阅；涉及；谈到；提及
In
his
speech，he
didn't
refer
to
the
problem
at
all.
在他的演讲中，丝毫未涉及那个问题。
If
you
have
any
questions，please
refer
to
the
guide
book.
如果你有问题，请参阅旅游指南。
(1)refer
to
sb./sth.
提到/说起某人/某事
refer
to
sth.
参考某物；查看/查阅某物
refer
to...as...
把……说成；把……比作
refer
sb./sth.to
sb.
提交某人/某机构做决定/处理
(2)reference
n.
参考
make
a
reference
to
提到，谈到
Coal
is
usually
referred
to
as
a
fossil
fuel.
煤通常被称为化石燃料。
I
have
read
a
lot
of
reference
materials.
我已读了很多的参考资料。
[名师点津]
refer
to中的to是介词，后面不接动词原形，要跟动名词或名词，与之用法相同短语还有stick
to，lead
to，look
forward
to,
be
devoted
to等。
写出下列refer
to的含义
①What
does
the
underlined
word
“them”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to？
②When
giving
the
lecture,
he
referred
to
his
note
from
time
to
time.
③You
should
refer
this
matter
to
our
teacher
for
a
decision.
④As
far
as
I
know,
he
is
referred
to
as
a
living
Lei
Feng.
【答案】 ①指的是 ②参考 ③移交 ④称作
(2)involve
vt.牵涉；牵连；包含；引起
This
problem
involves
us
all.
这个问题牵涉到我们所有的人。
Taking
the
job
involves
living
abroad.
接受这项工作就一定得住到国外去。
involve
sb.in
sth./doing
sth.
(使)参加，加入
involve...in
使牵连进去；使陷入
involve...with
和……混在一起；和……有密切联系
be/become/get
involved
in
参与，与……有关
The
young
man's
heedless
remarks
involved
him
in
a
law
suit.
这个小伙子不检点的话语使自己牵连到一桩法律案件中。
Don't
involve
yourself
with
those
people.
别跟那些人混在一起。
完成句子
⑤我们应该怎样投入学校生活？
How
should
we
school
life?
⑥你怎能跟这样的女人在一起？
How
could
you
a
woman
like
this?
【答案】 ⑤involve
ourselves
in ⑥get
involved
with
2．belong
to属于；为……所有
(教材P6)All
kinds
of
jobs
belong
to
one
industry
or
another.
所有的工作都属于一个行业或另一个行业。
This
watch
belongs
to
Tom.
这块手表归汤姆所有。
(1)belong
to表示“是……的财产(属于)/是……的组成部分(属于)/是……的成员(属于)”。不用于被动语态和进行时态。
(2)belong还可与on连用，表示“某人/某物处在适当的位置”，与in连用表示“在这个地方正合适/有用”。
Who
does
this
watch
belong
to?
这块手表是谁的？
Put
it
back
where
it
belongs
after
you
have
read
it.
读完后，请你把它放回原处。
完成句子
①他说矿山应该属于人民。
He
said
the
mines
should
the
people.
②像他这样有能力的人适合教书。
A
man
of
his
ability
teaching.
③这本书应该放在那个架子上。
The
book
that
shelf.
【答案】 ①belong
to ②belongs
in
③belongs
on
3．include
v．包括；把……列入在内
(教材P6)People
who
work
in
the
construction
industry
include
those
who
work
on
building
sites
and
those
who
produce
building
materials.
在建筑行业工作的人们包括那些在建筑工地工作的人和那些生产建筑材料的人。
The
money
I
gave
you
includes
Xiao
Zhang's.
我给你的钱包括小张的钱。
Does
the
price
include
postage?
这个价格包含邮费吗？
[明辨异同] contain/include
两者均含有“包含，包括，容纳”的意思。
contain
指某物容纳在比其更大的东西之内，侧重所含的内容与成分。
include
指包括或容纳某东西成为整体的一部分，侧重于整体与部分的对比。
[名师点津]
include还常用其现在分词或过去分词短语作插入语，起补充说明作用，即“including＋名词”或“名词＋included”。而contain无此用法。
The
basket
contains
a
variety
of
fruits.
那个篮子里装了各种各样的水果。
All
officials
were
present
at
the
meeting，including
the
chairman(＝the
chairman
included)．
包括那个主席在内，所有的官员都出席了会议。
选词填空(include/contain)
①The
book
ten
chapters，
American
Literature.
②This
kind
of
fruit
lots
of
vitamins，Vitamin
D
．
【答案】 ①contains;
including ②contains；
included
4．(教材P6)Another
big
industry，and
one
that
is
growing
annually,
is
the
tourism
industry.
另外一个大的行业，而且是每年都在增长的一个行业是旅游业。
【要点提炼】 one是代词，相当于an
industry。that
is
growing
annually是定语从句修饰one。one常在句中起替代作用，以免重复。
The
train
was
crowded
so
we
decided
to
catch
a
later
one.
这班火车太挤了，我们决定乘坐下一班。
[明辨异同] that/one/it
that
表示特指，指代前面提到过的那类事物(不指代人)。既可以替代可数名词(复数形式为those)，也可以替代不可数名词，其作用有时等于the
one。
one
表示泛指，代替前面提到过的同类人或物，但不是同一个；它只能替代可数名词，复数形式是ones。
it
表示特指，指代前面提到过的那个事物(是同一个)或一种情景，用于指可数名词单数或不可数名词。
—What
should
I
do
with
the
key?
——我该怎么处理这钥匙？
—Oh，just
leave
it
on
the
table.
——噢，把它放在桌上就好了。
用代词one，it，that填空
①—Why
don't
we
take
a
little
break?
—Didn't
we
just
have
？
②Few
pleasures
can
equal
of
a
cool
drink
on
a
summer
day.
③The
doctor
advised
Vera
strongly
that
he
should
take
a
holiday，but
didn't
help.
【答案】 ①one ②that ③it
5．develop...into...把……扩展成……；发展成为……
(教材P7)He
is
glad
to
see
that
the
company
has
developed
into
one
of
the
most
successful
in
the
world.
他高兴地看到这个公司已发展成为世界上最成功的公司之一。
The
place
has
rapidly
developed
from
a
small
fishing
community
into
a
thriving
tourist
resort.
这地方由原来的小渔村迅速发展成一个繁荣的旅游胜地。
(1)develop
v．
形成；培养；发展；冲洗(胶卷)
develop
an
interest
in
对……感兴趣
develop
from
从……发展来；由……进化来
develop
the
habit
of
养成……的习惯
have
photos/pictures/the
film
developed
冲洗照片/图片/胶卷
(2)development
n.
发展
with
the
development
of...
随着……的发展
①这时我对工程学产生了兴趣。
By
this
time
I
engineering.
②对于现在的年轻人来说最必要的是养成独立思考的习惯。
What
is
most
necessary
for
young
men
today
is
to
thinking
for
themselves.
③工业的发展同农业的发展密切相关。
Industrial
progress
should
go
hand
in
hand
．
【答案】 ①had
developed
an
interest
in
②develop
the
habit
of ③with
the
development
of
agriculture
6．on
the
contrary正相反
(教材P8)On
the
contrary，it
is
a
problem
all
over
the
world.
相反，它是一个世界性的问题。
—Didn't
you
find
the
film
exciting?
——难道你不认为这部电影有趣吗？
—On
the
contrary，I
nearly
fell
asleep
halfway
through
it!
——相反，看到一半时我几乎睡着了！
—I
am
sure
you
like
your
new
job.
——我想你一定喜欢你的新工作。
—On
the
contrary，it's
dull.
——正好相反，它很乏味。
(be)
contrary
to
sth.
与某事相反
to
the
contrary
相反的；相反地
Despite
all
evidence
to
the
contrary，he
believed
his
plan
would
succeed.
他相信他的计划一定会成功，尽管所有的证据都表明了情况相反。
完成句子
①相反，在东方却很受欢迎。
，
it
receives
a
warm
welcome
in
the
East.
②如果没有相反的通知，你们就干起来好了。
Go
ahead
unless
you
are
advised
．
③在服装方面，我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。
My
sister's
taste
in
dresses
my
own.
【答案】 ①On
the
contrary ②to
the
contrary ③is
contrary
to
7．(教材P9)As
a
result，these
countries
are
always
struggling
to
catch
up
on
their
repayments...
结果，这些国家一直在拼命偿还他们的债务……
(1)as
a
result结果；因此
As
a
result，they
caught
up
with
us.
结果，他们赶上我们了。
as
a
result
of...(＝because
of...＝owing/thanks
to...)
由于……的原因(后接原因)
without
result
毫无结果；徒劳
result
from...
因……而引起，句子的主语是“果”，
from的宾语是“因”。
result
in(＝cause)
导致；致使。句子的主语是“因”，
in
的宾语是“果”。
As
a
result
of
the
fish，he
felt
ill.
由于鱼的原因，他生病了。
Success
results
from
hard
work.
成功来自努力。
Hard
work
results
in
success.
努力终会成功。
选词填空(as
a
result/as
a
result
of/result
from/
result
in)
①
the
car
accident，Jackson
couldn't
work
any
longer.
②As
far
as
I
know，his
carelessness
his
failure.
③As
far
as
I
know，his
failure
his
carelessness.
④She
was
over
the
age
limit
and
，
her
application
for
the
job
was
rejected.
【答案】 ①As
a
result
of ②resulted
in
③resulted
from ④as
a
result
(2)catch
up
on(用额外时间)补做；赶做；补上；了解(已发生的事情)
I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
catch
up
on.
我有许多工作要补上。
catch
up
with
跟上；赶上
catch
hold
of
抓住；抓牢
catch
one's
eye/attention
引起注意
catch
sight
of
看见
catch
on
理解；流行
catch
sb.
doing
sth.
发现(撞见)某人做某事
He
caught
up
with
his
classmate
at
last.
最终他赶上他的同学。
完成句子
⑤我们甚至可能突然看到一只北极熊在冰面上。
We
may
even
a
polar
bear
on
the
ice.
⑥我们已经尽了一切可能来赶上他们。
We
have
done
all
we
could
to
them.
⑦抓住绳子，不要松手。
the
rope,
and
don't
let
go
your
hold.
⑧这首新民歌流行得真快。
The
new
folk
song
really
quickly.
【答案】 ⑤catch
sight
of ⑥catch
up
with
⑦Catch
hold
of ⑧caught
on
8．remain
v．保持(某种状态)；继续存在；仍旧是(continue
in
some
condition/continue
to
be)
(教材P9)As
long
as
these
debts
remain，developing
countries
will
feel
the
economic
squeeze，and
they
will
be
unable
to
focus
on
long?term
development
to
end
poverty.
只要这些债务仍然存在，发展中国家就会感到经济困难，他们也就不能集中精力长期发展来结束贫困。
Please
remain
seated
until
all
the
lights
are
on.
请继续坐着，直到所有的灯都亮起来。
Little
of
the
original
building
remains.
原来的建筑已经所剩无几。
(1)remaining为形容词，意为“剩下的”，常作前置定语；而left也意为“剩下的”，它只能作后置定语。
(2)remain作名词用时，一般用其复数形式remains，意为“剩余物；(古建筑的)遗址”。
The
remaining
2
dollars
belong
to
you.
剩下的2美元属于你。
There
are
only
5
dollars
left.
只剩下5美元了。
The
remains
of
the
ancient
temple
are
worth
visiting.
那座古庙的遗址值得一看。
[明辨异同] remain/stay
remain与stay意为“留下；继续保持某一状态”时，它们常作系动词用，可以互换。
当表示“在某处或在某处住下”、“停留，逗留”时，通常用stay，不用remain。
The
fruits
will
not
remain/stay
fresh
tomorrow.
明天这些水果就不新鲜了。
The
shop
stays/remains
open
till
night.
这家店铺一直营业到晚上。
He
wants
to
stay
in
his
parents'
house
for
another
week.
他想在父母家再待上一个星期。
用remain和stay的适当形式填空
①I'm
at
my
uncle's
this
weekend.
②Only
the
shell
of
the
building
after
the
explosion.
【答案】 ①staying
②remained
关联词语
一篇好的文章除了要求覆盖所有的要点，应用较多的语法结构和词汇以外，还必须有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，行文连贯，条理清楚。要使句子与句子之间的意思互相连接，就需要有关联词语。没有关联词语，读者就很容易被弄糊涂。这些关联词语帮助读者推断出文章中接下来将发生什么。
以下是句子之间常见的几类关联词：
一、Time
sequence
words——表示先后次序关系的词语
用来列举事件以及人的行为或观点发生、发展的次序。这一类常见的连接词有：firstly，secondly，finally，in
the
end，previously，next，at
last，eventually，to
begin
with，to
start
with，first
of
all，to
end
with，afterwards等。
There
are
some
rules
we
must
obey
in
the
lab.To
begin
with，don't
touch
anything
unless
your
teacher
asks
you
to.
Previously，I
seldom
had
the
confidence
to
participate
in
my
classmates'
discussion.I
also
had
little
enthusiasm
for
studying
as
I
found
it
boring.
二、Cause
and
effect
words——表示因果关系的词语
用来表达事情发生的起因与结果。这一类常见的连接词有：for
one
thing，therefore，so，as
a
result，owing
to，due
to，in
that，for
the
reason，under
these
conditions，as
a
consequence，consequently等。
He
was
just
about
to
walk
away
when
a
guard
appeared
and
stopped
him.As
a
result，he
had
to
turn
in
the
money.
For
these
reasons，I
believe
the
most
effective
way
to
learn
is
studying
alone.
三、Contrasting
words——表示对比关系的词语
用于连接句子或成分与前文内容形成对比。这一类常见的连接词有：however，in
contrast，instead，nevertheless，on
the
contrary，on
the
other
hand，in
comparison
with，compared
with，rather
than等。
It's
a
difficult
race.Nevertheless，about
1，000
runners
participate
every
year.
Rather
than
stay
outdoors
for
the
weekends，John
prefers
to
stay
in
bed
reading.
四、Addition
words——表示递进关系的词语
常用来介绍一些补充性的信息，或表达语意的递进。这一类常见的连接词有：also，on
top
of，above
all，besides，furthermore，moreover，in
addition，additionally等。
In
addition，the
product
that
a
star
advertises
is
not
necessarily
suitable
for
everyone.
Besides，we
must
take
measures
to
control
pollution.
五、Conclusive
words——表示总结归纳的词语
用来对前文进行概括或总结。这一类常见的连接词有：in
a
word；in
short；generally
speaking；in
one's
opinion；to
summarize等。
In
my
opinion，we
should
be
cool
and
sensible
while
choosing
a
product.
In
a
word，the
virtue
of
helping
others
is
frequently
seen
in
our
daily
life.
除了以上列举的这些连接词以外，英语中还有许多各式各样的连接词。如表示转折、并列、举例、条件、让步等关系的关联词。它们的出现使得原本显得孤立的句子形成语意丰富的篇章。在平时的学习中留意并积累一些这样的连接词无疑会有助于我们口语与书面表达的提高。
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Building
the
future
Ⅰ.从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
True
according
to
the
passage?
A．The
past
development
set
alarm
bells
ringing.
B．The
sustainable
development
is
more
suitable
in
the
future.
C．The
sustainable
development
is
short?term
planning.
2．Which
one
is
not
non?renewable
sources
of
energy?
A．Solar
energy.
B．Coal. C．Oil.
3．What
is
the
oldest
and
most
common
renewable
energy
sources?
A．Solar
energy.
B．Wind
power.
C．Hydroelectricity.
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.C
Ⅱ.判断正(T)误(F)
1．The
sustainable
development
in
the
future
will
pay
more
attention
to
preserving
the
environment
and
natural
resources.
( )
2．We
are
now
using
coal，gas
and
oil
to
produce
energy，which
is
harmful
to
the
environment.
( )
3．Solar
energy
is
environmental?friendly
and
can
easily
be
gathered.
( )
4．Now
quite
a
few
countries
take
steps
to
introduce
these
forms
of
alternative
energy.
( )
【答案】 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T
1．(教材P14)This
should
set
alarm
bells
ringing，since
the
bare
fact
is
that
in
order
for
everyone
to
survive，serious
adjustments
need
to
be
made
in
worldwide
development.
这应该给人们敲响警钟，因为最基本的现实是，为了让每一个人得以生存，全球发展需做出重大调整。
(1)set
alarm
bells
ringing意为“敲响警钟”。set的意思是“使……处于某种状态”。
The
company's
financial
problems
have
set
alarm
bells
ringing
in
big
cities
all
over
the
world.
那家公司的财务问题在全世界的大城市中已经敲响了警钟。
What
my
teacher
said
about
planning
for
the
future
set
me
thinking.我的老师所说的关于为将来做计划的事使我沉思。
alarm
bells
ring/alarm
bells
start
ringing
警钟敲响；发出危险信号
set
off
出发，引爆，使(某人)开始(做某事)
set
out
to
do
sth.
着手做某事
set
about
doing
sth.
着手(做某事)
set
up
建立，创立
set
aside
留出，储蓄，置之不理
set
sb.doing
sth.
使某人做某事
Little
Tom
and
his
father
set
off
for
America
last
week，and
arrived
there
this
morning.
小汤姆和他的爸爸上周动身去了美国，并于今天上午到达了那里。
The
man
set
the
bomb
off
in
a
ditch.
那个人把炸弹放在沟里引爆了。
完成句子
①警钟已经为当地的企业敲响，这些企业在本季已经出现了利润下滑的情况。
，which
have
seen
a
decrease
in
profits
this
season.
②我一到家就开始做我的家庭作业。
The
moment
I
got
home，
．
③那天晚上，他着手写了一篇关于污染的报告。
That
evening
．
【答案】 ①Alarm
bells
start
ringing/ring
for
local
businesses ②I
set
out
to
do
my
homework
③he
set
about
writing
a
report
on
pollution
(2)bare在句中用作形容词，表示“不加掩饰的；仅有的”。
I
defeated
him
with
my
bare
hands.
我赤手空拳击败了他。
They
have
travelled
barely
a
third
of
the
way.
他们只不过走了三分之一的路程。
The
thought
had
barely
come
to
me
before
it
was
gone
again.
这个想法在我脑子里刚刚出现就又消失了。
[名师点津]
barely，hardly，scarcely等否定词置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
Barely
had
we
sat
down
at
the
table，when
the
phone
rang.
我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话铃就响了。
完成句子
④墙上除了一只挂钟什么也没有。
The
walls
were
．
⑤那家人甚至没有最起码的生活所需。
The
family
was
short
of
of
life.
⑥她勉强能站立。
She
was
．
【答案】 ④bare
except
for
a
clock ⑤even
the
bare
necessities ⑥barely
able
to
stand
2．(教材P14)One
possible
solution
to
this
problem
now
being
discussed
is
sustainable
development.
对于现在讨论的这个问题，一种可能的解决方法就是可持续发展。
【要点提炼】 being
discussed是现在分词的被动语态作定语，修饰this
problem。现在分词的被动语态、过去分词和动词不定式的被动语态都可以用作定语，其主要区别是：
(1)现在分词的被动语态作定语，表示分词的被动动作正在发生。
The
building
being
built
now
will
be
a
hospital.
现在正在建设之中的大楼是一家医院。
(2)过去分词作定语，表示分词的动作已完成。
The
house
built
last
year
is
very
strong.
去年建造的那个房子很坚固。
(3)动词不定式的被动语态作定语表示动词不定式的被动动作将要发生。
The
building
to
be
built
next
year
will
be
a
hospital.
明年将要建造的那个大楼会成为一家医院。
完成句子
①我认识一个在那家工厂干活的人。
I
know
a
man
．
②以西湖闻名全国的杭州已发生很大变化。
Hangzhou,
for
its
West
Lake,
has
changed
greatly.
③我正在找一间屋子住。
I
am
looking
for
a
room
．
【答案】 ①working
in
that
factory ②known
to
the
nation ③to
live
in
3．put...into
practice将……付诸实施
(教材P14)This
is
a
simple
idea，but
one
that
is
hard
to
put
into
practice.这是一个简单的想法，不过也是一个难于付诸实践的理念。
She's
determined
to
put
her
new
ideas
into
practice.
她决定把她的新想法付诸实践。
(1)practice
n．
实践；练习；惯例；习惯
in
practice
实际上；事实上
get/be
out
of
practice
练习不足；变得荒疏
(2)practical
adj.
实际的；实践的；实用的
(3)practise
v.
实践；练习
practise
doing
sth.
练习做某事
It
seemed
like
a
good
idea
before
we
took
action，but
in
practice
it
was
a
disaster.
在我们采取行动前它看似是一个很不错的想法，但是事实上它是一个灾难。
We
should
solve
the
problem
in
a
practical
way.
我们应该用一个更实用的方法来解决这个问题。
完成句子
①你想如何将这些提议付诸实施呢？
How
do
you
intend
to
these
proposals
？
②应该尽快实施这项法规。
The
law
should
be
as
soon
as
possible.
【答案】 ①put；into
practice ②put
into
practice
4．(教材P14)For
all
these
things，we
mostly
depend
on
fuels
such
as
coal，gas
and
oil
to
produce
energy.
为了能做所有这些事情，我们主要依靠燃料，如煤、天然气和石油来产生能量。
(1)depend
on
依靠，依赖，相信
He
depends
on
you
to
help
him.
他指望着你帮助他。
It
depends
on
the
weather
whether
we
can
go
out
for
a
picnic.我们是否去野餐取决于天气。
(1)depend
on/upon＋n.
依靠，依赖，相信
depend
on/upon
sb.to
do
指望某人做……
depend
on/upon
it
that...
指望……
That
(all)
depends./It
(all)
depends.
(口语)视情况而定。
(2)depend
on
同义短语：rely
on/count
on
—Can
you
finish
the
work
before
Sunday?
——你可以在星期天之前完成这项工作吗？
—It
(all)depends.
——这要看情况而定。
You
may
depend
on
it
that
she
will
help
you.
你可以相信她会帮助你的。
同义句改写
You
can
depend
on
him
to
help
you.
①You
can
that
he
will
help
you.(用it改写句子)
②You
can
depend
on
．(用动名词改写句子)
【答案】 ①depend
on
it ②his
helping
you
完成句子
③—
Are
you
confident
of
the
match
tomorrow?
—
You
may
(可以指望)
I
will
win
it.
【答案】 ③depend
on
it
that
(2)such
as例如；譬如
They
will
plant
flowers，such
as
roses
and
peonies.
他们将种植一些花，例如玫瑰和牡丹。
[明辨异同] such
as/for
example
such
as
用来列举事物时，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。
for
example
用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。
Some
of
the
rubbish，such
as
food，paper
and
iron，rots
away
over
a
long
period
of
time.
有些废物，如剩饭、废纸和废铁，时间一久就烂掉了。
Ball
games，for
example，have
spread
around
the
world.
例如，球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。
What
would
you
do
if
you
met
a
wild
animal—a
lion，for
example?
如果遇上野兽——例如狮子，你该怎么办？
[名师点津]
使用such
as时，后面列举的事物数量不能等于它前面所提到的数量的总和，一旦相等就要用that
is或namely。如不可以说I
have
three
good
friends，such
as
John，Jack
and
Tom.应该说：I
have
three
good
friends，that
is，John，Jack
and
Tom.我有三个好朋友，即约翰、杰克和汤姆。
选词填空(for
example/such
as)
④There
are
many
sources
of
air
pollution；exhaust
fumes，
．
⑤China
has
many
big
cities,
Beijing,
Shanghai,
Shenzhen
and
so
on.
【答案】 ④for
example ⑤such
as
5．on
top
of
另外，此外；在……上面；在……上方；紧挨着；与……紧靠着；控制着；掌握着
(教材P14)On
top
of
this，burning
these
fuels
produces
carbon
dioxide，which
is
harmful
to
the
environment.除此之外，燃烧这些燃料会产生对环境有害的二氧化碳。
On
top
of
being
accused
of
stealing，he
was
also
accused
of
having
murdered
an
old
couple.除了被指控偷盗以外，他还被控告谋杀了一对老夫妻。
Books
were
piled
on
top
of
one
another.
书籍一本一本地摞在一起。
We
were
all
living
on
top
of
each
other
in
that
small
house.我们挤着住在那座小房子里。
Do
you
think
he's
really
on
top
of
his
job?
你认为他真的能做好他的工作吗？
on
top
of
the
world
欢天喜地；心满意足；非常自豪
on
top
另外；在上面；在顶部；处于领先地位
from
top
to
bottom
从上到下；彻底地
from
top
to
toe
从头到脚；浑身上下；全部
at
the
top
of
one's
voice
高声地；放声地
完成句子
①He
had
a
bad
week.He
lost
his
job
and
(另外；此外)，his
car
was
stolen.
②She
was
screaming
(声嘶力竭地)．
【答案】 ①on
top
of
that ②at
the
top
of
her
voice
6．contribute
to促成；有助于
(教材P14)Carbon
dioxide
contributes
to
air，water
and
soil
pollution.
二氧化碳造成了空气、水和土壤的污染。
Medical
negligence
was
said
to
have
contributed
to
her
death.
据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因。
(1)contribute
sth.
to
sb.
把某物捐献/捐赠给某人
contribute
to
sth.
为……做贡献(捐款)；有助于；促成
某事
物；起……作用
contribute...to...
撰稿；投稿
contribute
one's
share
尽自己的一份力量
(2)contribution
n.
贡献
make
a
contribution
to
为……做贡献
Each
worker
contributed
one
dollar
to
the
Red
Cross.每个工人都向红十字会捐献了一美元。
She
has
contributed
(several
poems)
to
literary
magazines.
她给文学刊物投了(几首诗)稿。
[名师点津]
contribute
to
及make
a
contribution
to
中的to为介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词。
类似的短语：be
used
to，look
forward
to，lead
to，devote
oneself
to，object
to等。
I
am
sure
your
suggestion
will
contribute
to
solving
the
problem.
我相信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
用contribute的相关词语完成下列小片段
Kind?hearted
people
from
all
over
the
country
①
money
the
poor
kids,
which
②
solving
their
returning
to
school.A
writer
wrote
this
story
and
③
a
magazine.
来自全国各地的好心人为贫穷的孩子捐款，这使他们能够重返校园。一个作家写了这个故事，并给一家杂志投了稿。
【答案】 ①contribute;
to ②contributes
to
③contributed
it
to
7．(教材P14)This
is
why
many
people
are
pushing
for
the
use
of
alternative
energy
sources.
这就是许多人强烈要求使用替代能源的原因。
(1)push
for不断要求；争取
They
are
pushing
for
a
quick
solution
to
the
problem.他们催促对这个问题的快速解决方案。
Non?smokers
are
pushing
for
a
ban
on
smoking
here.
非烟民强烈要求禁止在这里吸烟。
push
sth.aside
不考虑；不去想
push
ahead
with
毅然推行(计划)
push
sth.back
推迟；延迟
push
forward
继续前进
push
sb.out
开除；驱逐；替换
push
sb./sth.over
推倒；推翻
push
sth.through
使通过；使得到批准
They
were
urged
to
push
forward
with
their
reforms.
人们催促他们推行改革。
She
pushed
her
doubts
aside
and
carried
on.
她抛开那些疑团，继续坚持下去。
完成句子
①加紧赶路，在天黑之前我们就能够到家了。
If
we
，
we
can
get
home
before
dark.
②工人们开始极力要求涨工资。
Workers
start
to
a
higher
salary.
③比赛从下午两点延迟到四点才开始。
The
start
of
the
game
from
2
p．m.
to
4
p．m.
【答案】 ①push
forward ②push
for ③was
pushed
back
(2)alternative
adj.
(二者之间)只能选其一的；二者任择其一的(无比较级和最高级的变化)
We
have
two
alternative
courses，surrender
or
death.我们只有两条路，投降或死亡。
alternative
n．二者之间的选择；二者选一(一般为可数名词，可以在前面加定冠词)
have
no
alternative
but...除……外别无选择
＝(have
no
choice
but
to
do)
You
have
the
alternative
of
riding
or
walking.
你可以在坐车和步行中选择一种。
We
have
no
alternative
but
to
move.
我们别无选择只好搬走。
完成句子
④我除了跟你走外别无选择。
I'll
to
go
with
you.
⑤你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉，任你选择。
You
marrying
or
remaining
a
bachelor.
【答案】 ④have
no
alternative
but ⑤have
the
alternative
of
8．run
out用完；耗尽(不及物动词，无被动语态)
(教材P14)Alternative
energy
sources
can
be
used
without
running
out.
替代能源可以被使用而不会耗尽。
Time
is
running
out
for
the
trapped
miners.
被困矿工的时间不多了。
[名师点津]
run
out表示“某物用完了”，物作主语；run
out
of
表示“某人用完了某物”，人作主语，是及物动词短语，物作主语时没有被动形式。
The
petrol
ran
out，which
means
we
ran
out
of
the
petrol.汽油耗尽了，那意味着我们用光了汽油。
run
across
无意间碰到
run
after
追逐；追求
run
away
逃走；离家
run
off
逃跑；出版
run
over
碾压；快速阅读
in
the
long
run
从长远的观点来看
in
the
short
run
从短期来看；在短期内
I
ran
across
the
letter
while
I
was
tidying
the
drawers.
我在整理抽屉时，偶然发现了那封信。
When
he
was
13，he
ran
away
from
home.
他13岁时离家出走。
完成句子
①在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。
Food
supplies
had
towards
the
end
of
the
trip.
②如果我们的钱用完了可以在广州卖掉几件(衣服)。
If
we
money,
we
can
sell
some
of
them
in
Guangzhou.
③同时追两兔，一个也抓不住。
If
you
two
hares,
you
will
catch
neither.
④从长远看，物价肯定要涨。
，prices
are
bound
to
rise.
【答案】 ①run
out ②run
out
of ③run
after ④In
the
long
run
9．(教材P15)The
pipes
have
oil
or
water
inside
them，which
is
heated
and
sent
to
the
storage
tank
until
needed
or
used
to
produce
electricity．
管子里有油或水，它们先被加热，然后被输送到储能槽里储存备用，或者被用来发电。
【要点提炼】 句子中which引导非限制性定语从句，until
needed＝until
it
is
needed是一种省略形式，to
produce
electricity是目的状语。
非限制性定语从句指代物时只能用which引导，指代全句时用which，as。
Zhang
Jike
won
the
match，which
made
me
very
happy.
张继科取得了这场比赛的胜利，这使我非常高兴。
He
is
ready
to
help
others，as
anybody
can
see.
正如大家所看到的，他乐于助人。
用as，which填空
①
is
known
to
everybody，the
moon
travels
round
the
earth
once
every
month.
②The
weather
turned
out
to
be
very
good，
was
more
than
we
could
expect.
③She
has
been
absent
again，
is
expected.
④Tom
has
made
rapid
progress，
makes
me
very
happy.
【答案】 ①As ②which ③as ④which
完成句子
⑤我不忍见到他受到那样的对待。
I
can't
bear
to
like
that.
⑥我看见他坐在树荫下。
I
in
the
shade
of
a
tree.
⑦你真的看到他打破窗户吗？
Did
you
actually
？
【答案】 ⑤see
him
treated ⑥saw
him
sitting ⑦see
him
break
the
window
连接词在作文中的使用
本单元的写作项目主要是关于英语写作中过渡词，连接词的使用。一些同学在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌，有的写复杂句时，动辄用so，and，then，but，or，however，yet等，非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过合理使用连接词，尤其是一些表示从属关系的连接词，如because，since，although，after，as，before，when，whenever，if，unless，as
if等，不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。
Natural
resources
are
very
limited.They
will
be
exhausted
in
the
near
future.It
is
not
true.But
it
becomes
a
major
concern
around
the
world.This
is
a
widely
accepted
fact.
这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。如果使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。
It
is
a
widely
accepted
fact
that
there
is
a
major
concern
around
the
world
for
the
exhaustion
of
limited
natural
resources
in
the
near
future，though
it
is
unlikely
to
be
true.
某英语报就中学生课外阅读开展征文活动。假如你是某中学高三学生蒋平，请你根据下面表格中的信息，写一篇英语短文，发送到该报。
为什么要进行课外阅读
●课外阅读既能拓展知识，也是一种休闲娱乐●书籍是人类智慧的结晶●中外历史上有很多有关读书的名言警句(举例说明)
如何才能养成好的课外阅读习惯
坚持课外阅读的习惯要从小培养
你的观点(两到三点)
注意：1.对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不能简单翻译；
2．词数80左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：结晶crystal；
课外阅读out?of?class
reading
Dear
editor，
Students
are
reading
more
than
ever
before
today.Indeed，the
importance
of
reading
can
never
be
too
much
stressed.
Best
wishes.
Yours
sincerely，
Jiang
Ping
第1步
思路——分析透彻是前提
本篇作文可从以下三个方面入手：首先分析要进行阅读的原因；第二介绍怎样才能养成良好的阅读习惯；最后发表一下作者自己的观点。
第2步
词汇——必用词汇是关键
1.事实上
2．首先
3．拓宽
4．放松
5．消磨时间
6．养成习惯
【答案】 1.in
fact/indeed/in
reality/as
a
matter
of
fact 2.first
of
all/firstly/to
begin
with/to
start
with 3.broaden/widen 4.relaxation 5.kill
time
6．develop/form
the
habit
of
第3步
句式——熟练翻译是根本
1.事实上，怎样强调阅读的重要性都不过分。
Indeed，the
importance
of
reading
．
2．首先，课外阅读充实我们的大脑和拓宽我们的视野。
，
out?of?class
reading
enriches
our
mind
and
．
3．通过阅读，我们能学习一些课堂上学不到的东西。
Through
reading，we
can
learn
in
class.
4．关于阅读有许多名言，像“读书健脑，运动强身”。
There're
many
famous
sayings
about
reading，like“Reading
the
mind
exercise
the
body”．
5．最重要的是，阅读时应该做好笔记。
，we
should
keep
notes
.
【答案】 1.can
never
be
too
much
stressed
2．First
of
all；broadens
our
horizons
3．what
can
not
be
learnt
4．is
to；what；is
to
5．Last
but
not
least；while
reading
第4步
成文——连句成篇是目的
【参考范文】
Dear
editor，
Students
are
reading
more
than
ever
before
today.Indeed，the
importance
of
reading
can
never
be
too
much
stressed.
First
of
all，out?of?class
reading
enriches
our
mind
and
broadens
our
horizons.People
say
that
books
are
the
crystal
of
human
wisdom.Through
reading，we
can
learn
what
cannot
be
learnt
in
class.Besides，reading
is
also
a
way
of
relaxation.
There're
many
famous
sayings
about
reading，like“Reading
is
to
the
mind
what
exercise
is
to
the
body”．Then，how
can
we
develop
the
habit
of
reading？I
believe
we
need
to
begin
from
an
early
age，then
stick
to
it
and
never
give
up.Secondly，choose
those
which
contribute
to
our
healthy
growth.Last
but
not
least，we
should
keep
notes
while
reading.
Best
wishes.
Yours
sincerely，
Jiang
Ping
PAGE
-
13
-Unit
1
核心要点回扣
Ⅰ.重点单词
根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词及派生词
1．
n．政治→
adj.政治的→
n．从政者；政客
2．
n．代理人，中介人→
n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构
3．
adj.永久的，长久的→
n．永久；不变
4．
vt.灌溉→
n．灌溉
5．
vt.花费→
n．费用；开销
6．
adj.软弱的；虚弱的→
vt.&
vi.削弱；减弱
7．
adj.创造的；有创造力的→
n．创造力
8．
v．调整……；调节……→
adj.可调节的→
n．调整，调节
9．
adj.暂定的；踌躇的→
adv.暂时地
10．
adj.有望的→
adv.有望；渴望
【答案】 1.politics；political；politician 2.agent；agency 3.permanent；permanence 4.irrigate；irrigation 5.expend；expense 6.weak；weaken
7．creative；creativity 8.adjust；adjustable；adjustment 9.tentative；tentatively
10．hopeful；hopefully
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．
毫无疑问
2．
处在关键时刻
3．
艺术品
4．
给……施加压力
5．
补上；补做
6．
refer
to
7．
put
something
into
practice
8．
on
top
of
9．
push
for
10．
run
out
【答案】 1.beyond
doubt 2.at
a
crossroads
3．work
of
art 4.put
pressure
on/upon 5.catch
up
on 6.参考；参阅；涉及 7.实施 8.在……上面，另外 9.不断要求；争取 10.用完
Ⅲ.重点句式
根据所给提示补全下列教材原句
1．These
things
provide
a
framework
for
new
jobs
to
be
created，
(让人们自助)
so
that
they
no
longer
need
to
depend
on
others.
2．One
possible
solution
to
this
problem
(正在考虑的)
is
sustainable
development.
3．The
pipes
have
oil
or
water
inside
them，
(它被加热)
and
sent
to
the
storage
tank
until
needed
or
used
to
produce
electricity.
4．The
introduction
of
programmes
like
these
will
hopefully
help
end
the
systematic
destruction
of
the
environment
and
see
alternative
energy
(在全球推广)．
【答案】 1.allowing
people
to
help
themselves
2．now
being
discussed 3.which
is
heated
4．promoted
around
the
world
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
1
Building
the
future
1．rate
n.
比率；等级；价格，费用；速度
(教材P1)Many
countries
around
the
world
are
developing
at
a
very
fast
rate.
世界上的许多国家以飞快的速度发展着。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Hospital
patients
who
see
tree
branches
out
their
windows
are
likely
to
recover
at
a
faster
rate
than
patients
who
see
buildings
or
sky
instead.医院里看见病房窗户外面树枝的病人可能比看见楼房或天空的病人恢复得快。
Most
people
walk
at
an
average
rate
of
5
kilometres
an
hour.
大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5公里。
(1)at
a．..rate
以……的速度
at
the
rate
of
以……的速度，以……的比率
at
any
rate
无论如何，不管怎样
at
this/that
rate
照这/那情形看来
(2)rate
v.
估价；评价
rate...as...
作为……受到评价
At
any
rate
the
task
must
be
fulfilled.
无论如何，任务必须完成。
They
rated
him
highly
as
a
colleague.
作为同事，他们对他评价很好。
完成句子
①人口在以惊人的速度增长。
The
population
was
growing
．
②评论家和观众都认为这次演出是成功的。
The
show
a
success
by
critics
and
audiences.
③无论如何，我们都要尽力保护人民的利益。
，
we
should
try
to
protect
the
people's
interest.
【答案】 ①at
an
alarming
rate ②was
rated
(as)
③At
any
rate
2．(教材P2)In
1985，there
was
little
rainfall
in
Ethiopia，which
led
to
poor
harvests
and
the
death
of
many
of
the
country's
cattle．
1985年，埃塞俄比亚几乎没有降雨，这导致收成减产和许多牛死亡。
(1)lead
to
导致
Too
much
work
and
too
little
rest
often
leads
to
illness.
工作时间太长且休息不好容易生病。
Drinking
too
much
coffee
can
lead
to
increased
death
rates.
饮咖啡太多可能导致死亡率增加。
[名师点津]
此短语中的to是介词，后面可接名词或动名词。
Staying
up
too
late
led
to
his
being
sleepy
all
day.
熬夜太晚导致他一天很困倦。
lead...to
(some
place)
带领……去(某地)
lead
sb.to
do
sth.
使某人做某事
lead
the
way
带路；引路
lead/live
a．..life
过着……样的生活
lead...into
把……领进……
Her
words
led
me
to
think
over
my
decision
again.
她的话让我重新考虑我的决定。
He
led
us
to
the
conference
room.
他领我们进入会议室。
①这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。
Such
a
mistake
would
perhaps
disastrous
consequences.
②于是她牵着格尔达的手，把她带到小屋子里去，把门锁起来。
She
then
took
Gerda
by
the
hand,
the
little
cottage,
and
locked
the
door.
③虽然他们年老了，但是他们生活得仍很活跃。
Though
they
are
old
they
still
．
【答案】 ①lead
to ②led
her
into ③lead
an
active
life
(2)cattle
n．牛
cattle是集合名词，是“牛”的总称，本身是复数形式，当它作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。用head作量词时，用head的原形，如“10头牛”可以说ten
head
of
cattle或ten
cattle。
He
has
twenty
head
of
cattle
on
his
farm.
他在农场里养了20头牛。
For
this
many
cattle
were
killed.
为此宰杀了很多牛。
④这些牛是从新西兰来的。
from
New
Zealand.
⑤他们卖给国家六百万头牛。
They
sold
6
million
to
the
state.
【答案】 ④These
cattle
are ⑤head
of
cattle
3．take
place
发生；举行，举办
(教材P2)The
concert
took
place
on
13
July
1985
in
two
places—London
and
Philadelphia—and
included
the
biggest
stars
of
the
time.
1985年7月13日，音乐会在伦敦和费城两地举行，出席者包括了当时最红的巨星。
[明辨异同] take
place/happen/occur/come
about/break
out
take
place
表示“发生；举行，举办”，这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排
happen
作“发生，碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件
occur
作“发生，想到，突然想起”解
come
about
表示“发生，产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句
break
out
意为“发生，爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生
I'll
never
understand
how
it
came
about
that
you
were
late
three
times
a
week.
我永远弄不明白你怎么一周会迟到三次。
Fighting
has
broken
out
between
rival
groups
of
fans.双方球迷发生了打斗。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)This
development
did
not
take
place
overnight.
这一进展情况并不是一夜之间发生的。
选词填空(take
place/happen/occur/come
about/break
out)
①Maybe
something
unexpected
．
②Great
changes
have
in
our
hometown
during
the
past
ten
years.
③It
to
me
that
she
didn't
know
I
had
moved
into
the
new
house.
④Do
you
know
how
the
air
accident
？
⑤A
fire
in
the
hospital
at
midnight.
【答案】 ①happened ②taken
place ③occurred
④came
about ⑤broke
out
4．intend
vt.想要；打算；计划；打算使……(成为)
(教材P2)Geldof
intended
the
concert
to
raise
money
for
hunger
relief
and
to
make
the
public
more
aware
of
the
problem.
格尔多夫想通过音乐会为饥荒筹钱，使公众更加关注这一问题。
What
do
you
intend
to
do
today?
你今天打算做什么？
Let's
ask
her
what
she
intends
us
to
do.
让我们问问她，她想让我们做什么。
intend
to
do
sth.
打算做某事
intend
sb.to
do
sth.
打算让某人做某事
intend
that
从句(虚拟语气)
intend...as...
打算使……成为……
intend...for...
打算为……做准备
be
intended
for...
打算给……用的
I
intended
that
she
(should)
go.
我计划让她去。
They
intend
this
article
as
teaching
materials.
他们打算把这篇文章作为教材。
That
iPad
is
intended
for
you.
那个iPad是为你而买的。
[名师点津]
had
intended
to
do
sth.或intended
to
have
done
sth.都可以表示“本来打算做某事”。
I
had
intended
to
see
you
off
at
the
airport＝I
intended
to
have
seen
you
off
at
the
airport.
我本打算去机场为你送行。
用适当的介词填空
①The
book
is
intended
children.
②The
notes
are
intended
an
introduction
to
the
course.
【答案】 ①for ②as
5．put/bring
pressure
on/upon
sb.＝lay
pressure
on
sb.给……施加压力
(教材P2)The
concert
also
made
the
headlines
around
the
world，and
put
great
pressure
on
politicians
and
statesmen
to
do
something
about
the
problem
of
world
hunger.音乐会也受到了全世界媒体的极大关注，这给政客和政治家施加了巨大压力，迫使他们为世界饥荒问题采取行动。
She
didn't
put
any
pressure
on
him
to
take
the
job.
她没有对他施加压力要他接受这份工作。
Don't
put
much
pressure
on
the
boy；he
is
only
a
child.
不要给这个男孩施加太大压力，他只是个孩子。
(1)pressure
n．
压力；压迫
under
pressure
在压力之下；被迫，迫不得已
under
the
pressure
of
在……逼迫下
(2)pressure
v.
对……施加压力
pressure
sb.to
do
sth.＝pressure
sb.into
doing
sth.
迫使某人做某事
Everyone
shouldn't
pressure
himself/herself
into
making
a
hasty
decision.
每个人都不该勉强自己仓促做出决定。
完成句子
①他们给我施压要我卖掉我的房子。
They
to
sell
my
house.
②主任面对被迫辞职的压力越来越大。
The
director
is
to
resign.
③不必强迫孩子吃东西。
Children
needn't
things.
【答案】 ①put/brought
pressure
on
me ②under
increasing
pressure ③be
pressured
into
eating/to
eat
6．(教材P2)The
WFP
has
organized
a
number
of
programmes，including
the
Food?for?Life
programme，which
sends
emergency
food
aid
to
countries
during
times
of
trouble；the
Food?for?Growth
programme，which
targets
people
most
at
risk，such
as
babies，pregnant
women
and
old
people...
世界粮食计划署已经组织了若干项目，包括挽救生命粮食计划，该计划为处于困难时期的国家送去紧急粮食援助；健康成长粮食计划，它主要以身处危险中的人作为目标，例如，婴儿、孕妇和老年人……
(1)a
number
of
许多
A
number
of
students
are
boys
in
this
group.
在这个组里许多学生都是男生。
A
great
number
of
people
were
present
at
the
meeting.
很多人出席了会议。
[明辨异同] a
number
of/the
number
of
a
number
of
后跟可数名词的复数，意为“许多的；若干的”。number前可用large，small，good，certain，great等修饰词。当它修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数。
the
number
of
后跟可数名词的复数形式，意为“……的数量/数目”。当它与后面的名词连用时，中心词是the
number。如果用作主语，谓语要用单数。
There
are
a
great
number
of
graduate
students
in
this
university.
这所大学有许多研究生。
Up
to
now
the
number
of
people
who
were
killed
in
the
earthquake
is
more
than
60，000.
到目前为止地震中丧生的人数已超过6万。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①A
number
of
volunteers
(assist)
those
people
living
in
the
earthquake?hit
area.
②A
number
of
new
oilfields
(open)
up
recently.
【答案】 ①are
assisting ②have
been
opened
(2)target
vt.将……作为目标(常与介词on或at连用)n.靶；目标；指标；(谴责或嘲笑的)对象
Welfare
spending
should
be
targeted
on
the
people
who
need
it
most.
福利开支应该将那些最有需要的人作为目标。
Without
weapons，we
are
simply
targets
of
our
enemies.
没有武器，我们仅仅是敌人的靶子。
(1)target
at/on
sth.
对……瞄准；把……作为靶子；指
向……
(2)on/off
target
准确命中/未命中
set/meet
a
target
制定/达到目标
The
programme
is
targeted
at
improving
the
health
of
women
of
all
ages.
该项目的目的是改善各年龄层妇女的健康状况。
Due
to
the
strong
wind
few
players
managed
to
get
their
shots
on
target.
由于大风几乎没有运动员准确命中目标。
完成句子
③他是众人取笑的对象。
He
is
many
jokes.
④他们在设定发展2
000名新会员的目标。
They
are
2，000
new
members.
⑤没有多少州能达到他们的目标。
Not
many
states
will
．
【答案】 ③the
target
of ④setting
a
target
of
⑤meet
their
targets
(3)at
risk处境危险；遭受危险(相当于in
danger)
Low?lying
farmland
may
be
at
risk
from
flooding
this
weekend.
这个周末地势低的农田可能会有遭到洪水侵袭的危险。
(1)at
the
risk
of＝at
risk
to
冒着……的危险
take
the
risk
of
sth./doing
sth.
冒着……危险
take
a
risk/take
risks
(to
do
sth.)
冒险(做某事)
(2)risk
doing
sth.
冒险做某事
He
saved
my
life
at
the
risk
of
losing
his
own.
他冒着生命危险救了我的命。
You
are
taking
a
big
risk
driving
so
fast.
你开车这样快是在冒很大危险。
完成句子
⑥这种疾病正在蔓延，所有儿童都有被感染的危险。
The
disease
is
spreading，and
all
young
children
are
．
⑦如果想在生意上取得成功，就得冒许多风险。
You
have
to
if
you
want
to
succeed
in
business.
【答案】 ⑥at
the
risk
of
being
infected ⑦take
a
lot
of
risks
7．beyond
doubt(＝without
doubt)毫无疑问；的确
(教材P2)This
is
beyond
doubt
an
amazing
achievement，but
is
it
enough?
毫无疑问，这是惊人的成就，但是这就足够了吗？
This
meeting
has
been，without
doubt，one
of
the
most
useful
we
have
had
so
far.这次会议无疑是我们迄今为止最有用的一次会议。
(1)doubt用作动词，后接从句，主句是肯定句，用if或whether引导；主句是疑问句或否定句则用that引导。
(2)名词doubt后接同位语从句时，否定句、疑问句用that引导，肯定句用whether引导。
(3)there
is...doubt
about
对……怀疑
(4)have
doubt
about
对……怀疑
I
doubt
whether
he'll
be
successful.
我怀疑他是否能成功。
I
don't
doubt
that
he'll
come
to
help
me.
毫无疑问他会来帮助我的。
Do
you
doubt
that
he'll
finish
the
task
on
time?
你对他能按时完成这项任务表示怀疑吗？
完成句子
①毫无疑问我们做得对。
we
did
the
right
thing.
②你可以抱怨，但是我看抱怨也未必有用。
You
can
complain，but
it'll
make
any
difference.
③我不确定今天是否下雨。
whether
it
will
rain
today.
【答案】 ①There
is
no
doubt
at
all
that ②I
doubt
whether/if ③I
have
doubt
8．(教材P3)There
is
a
saying
that
goes，‘Give
a
man
a
fish，and
you
feed
him
for
a
day.Teach
a
man
to
fish，and
you
feed
him
for
the
rest
of
his
life.’
有句俗语是这样说的，“授人以鱼，三餐之需；授人以渔，终生之用。”
【要点提炼】 “There
is
a
saying
that
goes＋从句．”意为“(谚语、消息等)说法是……”，与As
the
old
saying
goes...(常言说道……)用法相似。
“Accidents
will
happen，”as
the
saying
goes.
常言道“意外事，总难免”。
结构相似的常见There
be句型有：
There
is
no
denying
that...
毫无疑问……
There
is
a
chance
that...
有可能……
There
is
a
possibility
that...
有可能……
There
is
no
point(in)doing
sth.
做某事没有意义
There
is
no
need
for
sb.to
do
sth.
某人没必要做某事
There
is
no
denying
that
we
will
win
the
game.
毫无疑问我们会赢得这场比赛。
There's
no
point
in
getting
angry.
发火是没有用的。
①台湾是中国的一部分，这是不可否认的。
Taiwan
is
part
of
China.
②再和他争论下去是没有什么意义的。
arguing
with
him
any
more.
③你明天不必早起。
for
you
to
get
up
early
tomorrow.
【答案】 ①There
is
no
denying
that ②There
is
no
point
in ③There
is
no
need
9．(教材P3)These
things
provide
a
framework
for
new
jobs
to
be
created，allowing
people
to
help
themselves
so
that
they
no
longer
need
to
depend
on
others.
这些事业给创造新工作构架提供了机会，以便使人们自己帮助自己，不再依赖他人。
【要点提炼】 allowing
people
to...是分词短语作结果状语。现在分词表示结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生)。谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。动词不定式短语也可作结果状语，但其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only。
His
parents
died，leaving
him
an
orphan.
他父母双亡，留下他一个孤儿。(自然结果)
I
hurried
to
the
station，only
to
find
the
train
had
left.我匆忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已开走了。(意想不到的、不愉快结果)
完成句子
①It
rained
heavily,
(造成那个国家洪水泛滥)．
②He
hurried
to
the
station，
(结果被告知)that
his
friend
didn't
come.
【答案】 ①causing
severe
flooding
in
that
country
②only
to
be
told
10．pretend
v．假装
(教材P3)There
are
hundreds
of
success
stories
from
all
over
the
developing
world，showing
that
a
lot
is
being
done
to
fight
poverty，yet
we
cannot
pretend
that
the
fight
is
over.在各处的发展中国家有数以百计的这样成功的故事，表明人们正在做许多事情与贫困做斗争，但我们不能佯称斗争已经结束。
He
pretended
that
he
was
ill
so
that
he
could
stay
at
home.他假装病了以便能待在家里。
pretend
后可接从句，也常接不定式的三种形式
pretend
I'm
sorry，but
I
can't
just
pretend
it
hasn't
happened.
我很抱歉，但我不能当这件事没有发生过。
He
pretended
to
be
dead
when
he
met
a
bear.
他遇到熊时假装死了。
He
pretended
to
be
working
hard.＝He
pretended
that
he
was
working
hard.
他假装在努力工作。
用pretend的相关词语完成下列小片段
As
Tom
wasn't
interested
in
his
lessons,
whenever
there
was
an
exam,
he
would
①
(假装生病).
Last
week,
he
②
(假装头痛)when
the
teacher
was
going
to
give
a
quiz.He
③
(假装痛得厉害)
during
the
quiz.An
hour
later，when
the
quiz
was
finished,
he
④
(假装好了)．What
a
guy!
【答案】 ①pretend
that
he
was
ill/pretend
to
be
ill ②pretended
to
have
a
headache
③pretended
to
be
suffering
great
pain
④pretended
to
have
recovered
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