Unit
3
Protecting
ourselves
Five
young
Americans
spent
two
months
traveling
across
the
United
States
recently
on
a
two?month
bus
journey.But
this
was
not
a
romantic
cross?country
trip
of
self?discovery.These
five
youths
were
on
a
mission
to
raise
money
to
combat
AIDS
in
Africa.The
driver
of
a
yellow
school
bus
revs
its
engine.A
black?and?white
mural
painted
on
the
bus's
side
shows
children's
faces,
the
phrase
“Close
the
Gap”，
and
a
large
number
“three”．
According
to
the
UNAIDS
organization,
nearly
three
million
people
were
newly
infected
with
HIV
in
Sub?Saharan
Africa
last
year.Nearly
three
million
people
around
the
world
last
year
died
of
AIDS.
Five
young
Americans
spent
two
months
of
their
summer
on
this
renovated
school
bus.They
traveled
across
the
country,
with
stops
in
23
U．S.states,
and
speaking
engagements
at
dozens
of
schools,
churches
and
youth
rallies.
The
five
share
one
mission—educating
young
Americans
about
the
AIDS
crisis
in
Africa.
Eighteen?year?old
Nathaniel
Elliot
came
up
with
the
idea
after
he
learned
a
sobering
fact.
“Two
years
ago,
I
found
out
that,
by
the
time
I
graduated
from
high
school,
there
would
be
more
than
40
million
people
HIV?positive,
and
mostly
in
Africa,
and,
for
some
reason,
that
grabbed
me
(caught
my
attention)，”
said
Elliot.So,
the
teenager
decided
to
see
what
he
could
do
to
help.
“Originally,
my
friend
and
I
had
always
planned,
just
for
the
fun
of
it,
to
drive
across
the
country—no
reason,
just
for
fun
for
our
senior
year，”
Elliot
explained.“But,
when
I
found
out
that
fact,
I
realized
we
could
use
it
for
something
good,
and
not
just
our
own
pleasure.And,
through
that,
the
idea
of
building
schools
came
around,
you
know,
spreading
awareness
is
a
major
goal.”
Elliot
spread
the
word
that
he
was
looking
for
people
to
share
his
mission
of
educating
young
Americans,
and
getting
them
involved.An
anonymous
donor
gave
him
the
bus.And
about
30
people
applied
for
the
trip.Elliot
helped
select
four
of
them,
ages
17—23.
During
the
coast?to?coast
trek,
the
five
young
men
stopped
in
Washington
to
speak
at
a
Christian
youth
rally.They
look
like
average
college?aged
boys—short
hair,
shorts
or
jeans.But
they
stand
apart
from
the
thousands
of
young
people
in
the
crowd.They
are
each
wearing
a
bright
orange?and?black
T?shirt
emblazoned
with
a
map
of
Africa
and
the
name
of
their
mission
motto:
“Living
Hope.”
[诱思导读]
1．What
is
the
mission
that
five
young
Americans
spent
two
months
traveling
across
the
USA?
2．What
do
you
think
we
can
do
to
help
the
people
who
get
AIDS
in
Africa?
【答案】 1.The
mission
is
to
raise
money
to
combat
AIDS
and
to
educate
young
Americans
about
the
AIDS
crisis
in
Africa.
2．略
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．bathe
A．sudden
and
unexpected，often
in
an
unpleasant
way
2．abrupt
B．all
the
things
that
need
to
bedone
or
that
need
to
be
thoughtabout
or
solved
3．weep
C．
to
wash
someone
in
a
bath
4．sneeze
D．an
attempt
to
do
something
5．bid
E．to
decide
that
something
is
true
after
looking
at
all
the
evidence
you
have
6．agenda
F．to
treat
sb.unfairly
because
of
their
religion，race，or
other
personal
features
7．conclude
G．an
act
or
sound
of
sneezing
8．discriminate
H．to
cry
because
you
feel
unhappy
or
have
some
other
strong
emotion
【答案】 1.C 2.A 3.H 4.G 5.D 6.B 7.E 8.F
Ⅱ.短语填空
burst
on
the
scene；be
familiar
with；devote...to；die
of/from；as
well
as；at
a
rate；so
far；have
access
to
1．Every
student
here
the
library
on
weekends.
2．A
terrible
disease
after
the
big
earthquake.
3．The
number
of
the
people
who
get
Aids
is
increasing
frightening
.
4．We
the
cause
of
the
disease.
5．In
Africa，now
more
children
Aids.
【答案】 1.has
access
to 2.burst
on
the
scene
3．at
a；rate 4.are
familiar
with 5.died
of
Ⅲ.背诵下列教材中出现的句型，体会黑体部分的用法
1．HIV
is
spreading
across
the
world
at
a
high
rate,
with
about
7,000
people
catching
the
virus
daily.
艾滋病毒在全球以高速度传播，大约每天有7000人受到感染。
2．The
work
of
international
organizations
is
even
more
important
when
you
consider
how
much
more
severe
the
situation
could
become.
当考虑到这一形势会变得多么严峻时，国际组织的工作就显得更加重要了。
3．Although
most
people
are
familiar
with
Aids
and
how
it
is
spread，many
people
think
that
HIV
and
Aids
are
an
African
problem，because
there
are
so
many
HIV
and
Aids
victims
in
Africa.
虽然多数人熟悉艾滋病及其传播方式，但很多人认为艾滋病毒和艾滋病是非洲的问题，因为非洲的艾滋病毒携带者和艾滋病人特别多。
Ⅰ.从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．How
many
people
catch
the
HIV
every
day
according
to
the
passage?
A．7,000.
B．4
million. C．740,000.
2．Which
is
not
the
way
that
the
HIV
is
spread?
A．Through
unprotected
sex.
B．Through
blood.
C．Through
mosquitoes，a
cough
or
sneeze.
3．Which
is
not
the
measure
that
the
government
takes
to
control
the
Aids
in
China?
A．To
open
labs
to
monitor
the
disease.
B．To
provide
free
drug
for
Aids
patients.
C．To
set
up
treatment
centres.
【答案】 1.A 2.C 3.C
Ⅱ.完成下列表格
Aids
today
Introduction
(Paragraph
1)
In
an
African
village,11?year?old
Ajani
was
bathing
his
younger
sister
when
his
mother
1.
Aids，the
same
disease
that
took
his
father.
The
cause
of
Aids(Paragraph
2)
Aids
is
caused
by
a
2.
called
HIV.If
someone
has
Aids，his
body's
3.
will
become
so
weak
that
he
will
lose
the
ability
to
fight
other
illnesses.
The
spread
of
Aids(Paragraph
3)
HIV
is
spread
in
three
ways：through
4.
sex，through
5.
and
from
a
mother
to
her
child.
The
number
of
the
people
who
get
Aids(Paragraph
4)
Now
there
are
30
million
people
living
with
HIV
worldwide.Aids
has
become
a
serious
problem
not
only
in
6.
but
also
around
the
world.
The
measures
to
fight
against
Aids(Paragraphs
5～8)
In
China：open
labs
to
7.
the
disease；start
providing
free
drugs
for
Aids
patients.In
the
world：the
UN
founded
the
UNAIDS
to
help
prevent
the
spread
of
Aids；to
provide
people
with
HIV
testing
and
HIV
or
Aids
medical
care；to
teach
young
people
how
to
prevent
Aids；to
set
up
8.
Conclusion(Paragraph
9)
Fortunately，Ajani
and
his
sister
didn't
get
HIV
and
is
cared
for
by
their
grandfather
now.He
believes
that
9.
as
well
as
medical
treatment
is
the
key
to
stopping
the
disease
10.
.
【答案】 1.died
of 2.virus 3.immune
system
4．unprotected 5.blood 6.Africa 7.monitor
8．treatment
centres 9.education 10.in
the
future
Ⅲ.完成下面课文缩写
In
an
African
village,
eleven?year?old
Ajani
was
bathing
his
young
sister
1.
his
mother
died
of
Aids,
the
same
disease
that
took
his
father.
Aids
is
caused
by
a
virus
2.
(call)
HIV.Anyone
3.
has
Aids
will
lose
the
ability
to
fight
other
4.
(illness),
and
there
is
no
cure
for
Aids.
HIV
is
spreading
across
the
world
5.
a
high
rate
in
three
ways:
through
unprotected
sex,
through
blood
and
from
a
mother
to
her
child.
Now
there
are
over
30
million
people
6.
(live)
with
HIV
worldwide
and
more
than
4
million
children
have
died
of
Aids.
In
a
bid
to
control
the
problem,
many
measures
7.
(take)
in
China
and
the
world,
which
not
only
help
prevent
Aids
from
8.
(pass)
on.
The
measures
also
help
a
number
of
children
losing
both
parents.
It
is
9.
(believe)
that
education
as
well
as
medical
treatment
is
the
key
to
10.
(stop)
the
disease
in
the
future.
【答案】 1.when 2.called 3.who 4.illnesses 5.at 6.living 7.have
been
taken 8.passing9．believed 10.stopping
PAGE
-
5
-Unit
3
Protecting
ourselves
1．(教材P38)First
of
all，Daniel
should
stay
away
from
food
containing
a
lot
of
sugar.
首先，丹尼尔应该远离那些含大量糖的食物。
(1)first
of
all
第一；首先；最重要(的是)
First
of
all，let
me
introduce
myself
to
you.
首先，让我向你做自我介绍。
[明辨异同] first
of
all/first/at
first/firstly
first
of
all
意为“第一；首先”，相当于first，常用于句首。
first
用作副词时，意为“第一；首先”，一般用于说明顺序。
at
first
与at
the
beginning同义，意为“起初；起先”，主要是对应“后来(later)”而言的，常用于转折并列句的第一个分句前。
firstly
它只用于列举事实论点常与secondly/thirdly连用。
Work
must
come
first.工作必须放在第一位。
At
first，he
didn't
realize
the
importance
of
study.
起初，他没有意识到学习的重要性。
用first/at
first/firstly/first
of
all填空
①
I
found
English
difficult.
②You
must
finish
your
work
.
③It
was
very
hot
，but
then
it
got
cooler.
④When
I
met
you，I
thought
you
were
a
fine
man.
⑤Let's
see
who
gets
there
.
⑥“Are
you
interested
in
Chinese？”“Yes，but
I
wasn't
.”
⑦
brush
your
teeth，secondly
(second)
wash
your
face.
⑧
，you
must
answer
my
question.
【答案】 ①At
first ②first ③at
first ④first
⑤first ⑥at
first ⑦Firstly/First ⑧First
of
all
(2)stay
away
from离开；不靠近；与……保持距离
Stay
away
from
me.I've
got
a
bad
cold.
别靠近我，我患了重感冒。
Ask
the
children
to
stay
away
from
the
fire!
让孩子们远离火！
stay
away
外出；缺席
get
away
from
摆脱；从……出发
take
away
from
夺走；抢走
keep
away
from
远离……；不让接近；使离开
break
away
from
脱离……
run
away
from
突然从……跑开
be
away
from
离开(表状态)
Her
illness
kept
her
away
from
work
for
several
weeks.她病得好几周都上不了班。
He
broke
away
from
his
father
and
ran
into
the
fields.
他摆脱了他爸爸跑进了田地。
完成句子
我要你离我女儿远远的。
⑨I
want
you
to
my
daughter.
【答案】 ⑨stay
away
from
2．get
out
of
the
habit
of(＝kick
the
habit
of＝break
the
habit
of)戒掉……的习惯
(教材P38)He
should
also
get
out
of
the
habit
of
having
snacks
late
at
night
and
keep
away
from
soft
drinks.他应该改掉晚上很晚还吃零食的习惯，而且应该远离软饮料。
He
got
out
of
the
habit
of
smoking.
他戒掉了抽烟的坏习惯。
be
in/fall
into/get
into/develop
the
habit
of
(doing)sth.
有/养成(做)某事的习惯
have/be
in
the
habit
of
有……的习惯
out
of
habit
出于习惯
He
has
got
into
the
habit
of
turning
on
the
TV
as
soon
as
he
got
home.
他习惯了一回家就打开电视。
I
only
do
it
out
of
habit.
我这么做只是出于习惯。
完成句子
①我早上一到六点就醒，这习惯改不掉了。
I
can't
waking
at
six
in
the
morning.
②我已养成一到家就打开电视机的习惯。
I've
switching
on
the
TV
as
soon
as
I
get
home.
③不要批评他了，他这么做完全是出于习惯。
Don't
scold
him.
He
did
this
totally
.
【答案】 ①get
out
of
the
habit
of ②got
into
the
habit
of ③out
of
habit
3．used
to
do
sth.过去常常做某事
(教材P38)He
used
to
wake
up
early
at
the
weekend
and
play
football，but
he
no
longer
does.
他过去常常在周末早起踢足球，但是他现在不这样做了。
We
used
to
swim
in
this
river.
我们过去常常在这条河里游泳。
used
to
do的否定形式为didn't
use
to
do
或
used
not
(usedn't)
to
do。
used
to
do的反义疑问句形式为didn't...？/
usedn't...?
be
used
to
do/for
doing...被用来做……
be
used
as...被用作……
be/get
used
to...习惯于……，to是介词。
I'm
surprised
to
see
you
smoking；you
didn't
use
to/used
not
to.看到你吸烟我很意外，你以前不吸的。
He
used
to
express
the
same
idea，didn't
he？/usedn't
he？他过去常表达同样的想法，难道不是吗？
Bamboo
can
be
used
to
build
houses.
竹子可以被用来造房子。
This
piece
of
wood
is
used
for
making
an
art.
这块木头被用来做一件艺术品。
This
ladder
is
used
as
a
tool.
这架梯子被用作工具。
People
here
get
used
to
getting
up
early.
这里的人们习惯于早起。
[明辨异同] used
to/would
两者都可表示“过去常常”。
used
to
表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不再做或不再有那种状态。
would
表示过去的习惯动作，一般不表示状态，现在还有可能如此，也可能不再那样。
There
used
to
be
a
temple
here.过去这里有一座庙。
He
would
play
basketball
when
he
was
young.
他年轻时经常打篮球。
用上述词语的适当形式填空
①I
smoke，but
I
gave
up
two
years
ago.
②I
getting
up
at
six
o'clock
in
the
morning.
③The
power
of
flowing
water
can
produce
electricity.
【答案】 ①used
to ②am
used
to ③be
used
to
4．be
short
for是……的缩写/简称
(教材P39)Aids
is
the
abbreviation
of
Acquired
Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome，and
HIV
is
short
for
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus.Aids是“获得性免疫缺陷综合征”的缩写形式，HIV是“人类免疫缺陷病毒”的简称。
Call
me
Jo—it's
short
for
Joanna.
叫我乔好了——这是乔安娜的简称。
TV
is
short
for
television.TV是television的缩写。
for
short
简称
in
short
总之；简言之
in
short
run
从短期来看；眼下
in
short
supply
不充裕；缺乏；紧缺
be/go
short
of
缺少；不足
run
short
of
缺少；快用完
完成句子
①简言之，我对一切运动都感兴趣。
，
I
am
interested
in
all
of
the
sports.
②常用的“pub”一词是“public
house”的简略形式。
The
usual
word
“pub”
“public
house”．
【答案】 ①In
short ②is
short
for
5．(教材P39)These
phrases
would
be
difficult
to
use
if
they
were
not
abbreviated.
如果不缩写的话，这些短语将会很难用。
(1)【要点提炼】 本句为虚拟语气，在非真实条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。
If
I
were
you，I
would
go
abroad.
如果我是你，我就出国。
If
you
did
it，you
would
know
it
is
interesting.
如果你做此事，你就会知道它是有趣的。
完成句子
①我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。
If
I
were
to
pass
CET?6，I
you
to
dinner
at
KFC.
②我要是有机会的话，我就会好好学习。
If
，
I
would
study
hard.
③我要是早就好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。
If
I
had
studied
hard，I
CET?6
last
semester.
【答案】 ①would
treat ②I
had
the
chance
③would
have
passed
(2)【要点提炼】 to
use与主语these
phrases之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，相当于it
is
difficult
to
use
these
phrases，但be
difficult之后接不定式的主动形式。
在此结构中形容词多表示主语性质、特征的形容词，如easy，difficult，hard，dangerous，expensive，heavy，important，possible，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，useful，strange，convenient等。不定式和句子主语是动宾关系，但用主动形式表被动含义。不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语(for
sb.)。不定式中的动词若是不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。
This
math
problem
is
difficult
to
work
out
.(不能说to
be
worked
out)这个道数学题很难算出结果。
This
kind
of
job
is
very
easy
for
them
to
do.
这种工作对他们来说是很容易做的。
The
chair
is
comfortable
to
sit
on.
椅子坐起来很舒服。
The
box
is
heavy
to
carry.
这盒子扛起来很重。
Some
books
are
interesting
to
read，but
boring
to
learn.
有些书读来有趣，但学起来叫人厌烦。
④这个问题很难回答。
The
question
is
difficult
.
⑤我觉得这种车很好坐。
I
found
the
car
comfortable
.
⑥那就使得诗很难写。
That
makes
poetry
difficult
.
【答案】 ④to
answer ⑤to
ride
in ⑥to
write
6．(教材P39)The
abbreviations
of
Aids
and
HIV
are
different
in
that
Aids
is
pronounced
as
one
word：/eIdz/，while
HIV
is
pronounced
letter
by
letter：//.
艾滋病和艾滋病病毒的缩写是不同的，因为艾滋病Aids发音成一个单词[eIdz]，然而艾滋病病毒HIV是按一个字母一个字母来发音的。
(1)while然而；但是(表示对比)
I
am
writing
while
he
is
reading
a
newspaper.
我在写作，而他在看报纸。
while
作为conj.还可表示：
?1?当……时候?指时间，从句动词为延续性动词?
?2?虽然；尽管?although?
They
came
to
my
house
while
I
was
watching
TV.
我正在看电视时，他们来到了我家。
While
I
admit
that
there
are
problems，I
don't
agree
that
they
cannot
be
solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
完成句子
①简穿褐色衣服，而玛丽却穿蓝色衣服。
Jane
was
dressed
in
brown
.
②过马路时，他被车撞倒了。
，he
was
knocked
down
by
a
car.
③彼得虽然有许多朋友，但常常感到孤独。
，Peter
is
often
lonely.
【答案】 ①while
Mary
was
dressed
in
blue
②While/When
crossing
the
street
③While
he
has
many
friends
(2)letter
by
letter
一个字母一个字母地
①by前后使用同一名词，名词前不加任何冠词，意思是“一个接一个”，侧重指动作或情况的渐进变化。
②after前后使用同一名词，名词前不加任何冠词，表示“连续；接连不断”，侧重同一情况的不断重复。
year
by
year
年年；逐年
year
after
year
年复一年
step
by
step
一步步地
little
by
little
逐渐地
shoulder
to
shoulder
肩并肩
side
by
side
并排
day
by
day
一天一天
word
by
word
逐个字地
one
by
one
一个接一个地
完成句子
④所有的申请者一个接着一个参加面试。
All
the
applicants
were
interviewed
.
⑤他们并肩站着。
They
were
standing
.
⑥她每年给我寄一份圣诞卡。
She
sent
me
a
Christmas
card
.
⑦物价年年上涨，但幅度不大。
Prices
tended
to
rise
，
but
at
a
modest
rate.
【答案】 ④one
by
one ⑤shoulder
to
shoulder ⑥year
after
year ⑦year
by
year
7．(教材P40)The
beginning
paragraph
should
attract
readers
and
keep
them
interested
in
reading
the
text.开始的段落应该吸引读者，而且使他们保持对内容阅读的兴趣。
【要点提炼】 “keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”表示“保持……”，宾语补足语为doing/done/adj./adv./prep.等。
I'm
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting
for
such
a
long
time.
对不起，让您等了这么久。
He
wants
you
to
keep
him
informed
of
how
things
are
going
with
you.
他想让你随时通知他你这里的进展情况。
You'd
better
keep
the
child
away
from
the
fire.
你最好让孩子离火远一点儿。
This
coat
will
keep
him
warm.
这件外套可以让他暖和。
keep
还有系动词和不及物动词的词性，后面常接表语，意为“保持；继续”。
She
knew
she
must
keep
calm.
她知道她必须保持冷静。
Will
this
meat
keep
until
tomorrow?
这肉能放到明天吗？
完成句子
①他让我等了半个小时。
He
for
half
an
hour.
②少说话，多观察。
and
your
eyes
open.
③他总是把书放得整整齐齐。
He
always
.
【答案】 ①kept
me
waiting ②Keep
your
mouth
shut ③keeps
his
books
in
good
order
文章的结构
一篇文章应当以一种让读者易于理解其观点的方式进行写作。为了让文章的结构具有逻辑性，我们应当在文章中包括以下几点：
标题
标题不能过长，应当简明扼要，如：Aids
Today。标题通常可以用一些短语，如：名词短语、动名词短语、不定式短语或简短的句子。其次，标题要有新意，但它表达的意思要简单明了，让读者很容易就能推测到文章的大意。
主题段落
这一段落应包含主题句(通常是第一句)。如课本中：When
discussing
the
problem
of
Aids，we
use
a
lot
of
technical
and
scientific
terms
on
this
website.但在有些情况下，主题段落根本不必要有主题句，这是因为这种段落往往解释一系列事情或对主旨进行详细描述。主题段落应当吸引读者的注意力，让读者始终对阅读课文保持兴趣。我们可以通过列出一些有趣的事实，提出一些问题或给出一些细节来激发读者的兴趣，如课本中：In
an
African
village，eleven?year?old
Ajani
hears
a
far?off
scream
as
he
washes
his
little
sister
in
a
bath
that
leaks
water.
主体段落
一篇文章的正文部分一般由几个段落组成。每一段通常也包括三个部分：主题句、论据、甚至还包括一个结论。这个主题句同样可放在该段的首句或尾句，用来引出该段的话题或总结该段。附属句一定围绕主题句展开。结尾句通常是对该段的一个总结，但有时也用来衔接下文。
结论段落
这个段落是根据上面所有的陈述进行归纳总结，从而得出的一个较明确的结论。结论段落大多数情况下应当是最终的主题句(或是预测)，以起到首尾呼应的效果，使文章更紧凑。不过也可能是主题段落中提到的例子等，如课本中：Although
Aids
has
left
a
scar
on
Ajani
and
his
sister，they
are
lucky.Their
grandfather
is
taking
care
of
them，and
because
their
mother
had
access
to
prescription
Aids
medications
during
pregnancy
they
did
not
get
HIV
from
her.
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
3
Protecting
ourselves
Ⅰ.从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Which
is
not
the
reason
why
people
take
drugs
according
to
the
passage？Because
.
A．they
are
curious
about
the
drugs
B．they
want
to
rebel
against
their
families
or
society
by
taking
drugs
C．they
want
to
be
accepted
by
all
their
friends
2．What
is
the
common
feature
of
the
three
main
classes
of
drugs?
A．They
can
make
people
in
high
spirits.
B．They
are
all
addictive，physically
and
psychologically.
C．They
can
decrease
the
heart
rate.
3．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A．It
is
said
that
people
take
drugs
for
the
same
reason.
B．Downers
can
increase
the
heart
rate.
C．Drug
users
need
support
groups.
【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.C
Ⅱ.判断正(T)误(F)
1．Mrs
Tang
felt
better
after
she
took
a
lot
of
pain
pills
when
she
had
the
flu.
( )
2．Mrs
Tang
felt
better
after
she
took
some
antibiotics
her
husband
gave
her
at
first.
( )
3．The
doctor
thinks
antibiotics
can
cure
one's
flu.
( )
【答案】 1.F 2.T 3.F
1．leave...doing让……继续做
(教材P42)Do
not
leave
any
medicine
lying
around
in
the
house
so
that
children
can
get
it.
不要把药随处乱放，因为孩子们会拿到它。
Don't
leave
tools
lying
about.工具不要到处乱放。
I'll
just
leave
the
engine
running
when
I
go
to
have
lunch.
我去吃午饭时，会让引擎转着。
Please
leave
the
door
open.
请让门开着。
She
left
her
baby
crying
all
the
time.
她让孩子一直哭个不停。
完成句子
①我不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。
I
can't
leave
such
an
important
matter
.
②不要让他一直在外面雨里等。
Don't
outside
in
the
rain.
③什么事使他离开了这么长时间？
What
has
for
so
long?
【答案】 ①undone/unfinished ②leave
him
waiting ③left
him
away
2．promote
v.
促进，提倡；(通过广告等)促销，推销；提升，提拔
(教材P43)Several
months
later，Mrs
Tang
was
promoted
at
work.
几个月后，Mrs
Tang在工作上得到提拔。
Our
nation
is
trying
to
attract
more
foreign
investment
to
promote
our
national
economy.
我国正在努力吸引更多外资来发展国民经济。
They
are
going
on
tour
to
promote
their
new
album.
他们将巡回宣传他们的新专辑。
(1)promote
sb.from...to...
把某人从某职位提升至某职位
promote
growth/understanding
促进增长/理解
(2)promotion
n.
提升，提拔，晋升，促销
Her
promotion
to
Sales
Manager
took
everyone
by
surprise.
竟然提拔她当销售经理，叫每个人都感到意外。
The
new
job
is
a
promotion
for
him.
这一新工作对他是一种提升。
完成句子
①小学生只要考试及格就会升到高年级。
Pupils
who
pass
the
test
will
the
next
higher
grade.
②他从售货员晋升为销售经理。
He
is
promoted
.
【答案】 ①be
promoted
to ②from
salesman
to
Sales
Manager
3．(教材P43)He
scolded
Mrs
Tang
and
warned
her
and
her
husband
of
the
dangers
of
taking
antibiotics
when
it
was
not
necessary.
他责备唐夫人而且告诫她和她的丈夫在没必要服用抗生素时而服用了抗生素的危险。
(1)scold
vt.责备；责骂
If
I
walk
in
with
muddy
boots，dad
always
scolds
me.
我的靴子上要是有泥，一进屋爸爸总会骂我。
Did
you
scold
her
for
breaking
it?
她把那件东西打破了，你骂她了吗？
(1)scold
sb.for
因……而责备某人
blame
sb.for
sth.
因……而责备某人
punish
sb.for
sth.
因……而惩罚某人
excuse
sb.for
sth.
宽恕(原谅)某人……
criticize
sb.for
sth.
因……而批评某人
(2)scolding
n.
责备；数落
I
got
a
scolding
from
my
mother.
我挨了我妈妈一阵数落。
[明辨异同] scold/blame
scold
指很生气地责骂，强调“骂”。
blame
指归咎，归罪，侧重强调将(不好的)结果或责任归于某人。
完成句子
①他嫌他们迟到，训了他们一通。
He
arriving
late.
②她没把父亲的死归罪于任何一个人。
She
doesn't
her
father's
death.
【答案】 ①scolded
them
for
②blame
anyone
for
(2)warn
vt.警告；告诫
The
teacher
warned
that
student
against
making
any
noise/not
to
make
any
noise.
老师警告那个学生不要发出吵闹声。
(1)warn
sb.of/about
sth.警告某人某事
(2)warn
sb.against
doing
sth./warn
sb.not
to
do
sth.
警告某人不要做某事
(3)warn＋that从句
意为“警告……”
Workers
warn
people
of
fire
danger.
工人们警告人们火险。
They
warned
him
against
swimming
in
that
part
of
the
river.他们告诫他，不要在那一带河里游泳。
She
was
warned
that
if
she
did
it
again
she
would
lose
the
job.她被警告如果她再这样做就会丢掉工作。
完成句子
③到非洲去旅行的人被提醒要注意预防艾滋病的感染。
Travellers
to
Africa
the
danger
of
HIV
infection.
④我告诫你不要一个人走回家。
I
walk
home
alone.
【答案】 ③are
warned
about/of ④warned
you
not
to/that
you
shouldn't
4．addict
vt.使沉迷；使上瘾n.吸毒上瘾的人；对……着迷的人
(教材P46)As
smokers
may
tell
you，people
can
become
easily
addicted
to
nicotine...正如许多吸烟者可能告诉你的那样，人们容易对尼古丁上瘾……
Tom
is
a
video
game
addict.
汤姆是个游戏机迷。
(1)be
addicted
to
doing
sth.
专心做某事
addict
oneself
to
sth.
沉溺于某事物
(2)addicted
adj.
上瘾的；有瘾的；成瘾的
be/become/get
addicted
to
sth.
对……上瘾；沉溺于某事物
(3)addictive
adj.
使上瘾的；使人入迷的
(4)addiction
n.
瘾；嗜好；入迷
Many
students
are
addicted
to
computer
games.
许多学生迷恋于计算机游戏。
Don't
addict
yourself
to
such
foolish
things.
不要沉溺于这些愚蠢的事情。
Heroin
is
highly
addictive.
海洛因很容易使人上瘾。
用addicted的相关词语完成下列小片段
While
his
wife
was
in
hospital
in
the
United
States,
he
①
totally
alcohol,
and
his
son
②
computer
games.③
computer
games，his
son
has
lost
interest
in
his
lessons，which
makes
his
wife
very
angry.
他妻子在美国住院期间，他对酒完全上了瘾，而且他的儿子迷上了电脑游戏。由于迷恋于电脑游戏，他的儿子对功课失去了兴趣，这使他的妻子非常生气。
【答案】 ①got;
addicted
to ②addicted
himself
to ③Addicted
to
5．(教材P46)As
smokers
may
tell
you，people
can
become
easily
addicted
to
nicotine，which
is
why
they
have
trouble
quitting
smoking.
正如许多吸烟者可能告诉你的那样，人们容易对尼古丁上瘾，这就是他们很难戒烟的原因。
【要点提炼】 本句是一个复杂的主从复合句。as
引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代主句people
can
become
easily
addicted
to
nicotine表达的整个内容，as
为关系代词在从句中充当tell
的宾语，as
不可换成which；后面which引导的也是非限制性定语从句，指代主句people
can
become
easily
addicted
to
nicotine表达的整个内容，which为关系代词在从句中充当主语，which此时不可换成as;
在which从句中，why引导的是表语从句，why
为副词，在从句中充当原因状语。
As
everyone
knows，the
earth
is
round.
正如人人都知道的，地球是圆的。
As
is
known
to
everyone，he
is
an
honest
man.人人都知道，他是个诚实的人。
(1)as
引导非限制性定语从句时，as用来说明整个主句，含义是：“正如……；像……”，也可以相当于which，含义是：“这一点……”，从句可放在句首、句中或句末。as可作主语、宾语和表语。which引导非限制性定语从句时也可代表整个主句，含义是：“这一点……”，从句只能放在主句之后，起补充说明作用。
(2)as作为关系代词，可引导限制性定语从句，as
在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。as
引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被such，the
same，as，so所修饰或先行词本身就是such，the
same。
She
got
married
to
the
foreigner，which/as
was
natural.
她嫁给了那个外国人，这好像是最自然不过的事。
As
is
often
the
case，the
boy
was
late
for
school.
和平常一样，这个男孩子又迟到了。
Don't
read
such
books
as
you
can't
understand.
(as作宾语)不要阅读这种你根本就看不懂的书。
She
is
not
such
a
selfish
person
as
thinks
of
herself.(as作主语)她并不是像自己认为的那样自私。
Her
opinion
is
the
same
as
her
brother's.(as作表语)她的观点和她哥哥的一样。
完成句子
①这本小说很容易，你能读得懂。
This
is
such
an
easy
novel
.
②众所周知，月球每个月绕地球转一周。
，
the
moon
travels
round
the
earth
once
every
month.
【答案】 ①as
you
can
read ②As
is
known
to
everybody
6．(教材P46)Alcohol
is
also
classified
as
a
downer，and
although
it
is
legal，it
can
damage
the
liver
and
do
great
harm
if
consumed
in
large
quantities.
酒精也被归类为镇静剂，尽管它是合法的，但它会损害肝脏，如果大量饮用会产生巨大的危害。
(1)classify
sb./sth.as...划分；界定
Would
you
classify
it
as
a
hard
drug
or
a
soft
drug?
你会把它界定为致瘾毒品还是非致瘾毒品？
Patients
are
classified
into
three
categories.
病人被归类为三种类型。
完成句子
①你认为她的小说属于纯文学类，还是其他类？
Would
you
serious
literature
or
other?
②博物馆的收藏品分为六个部分。
The
collections
of
the
museum
6
sections.
【答案】 ①classify
her
novels
as ②are
classified
into
(2)do
harm(to
sb./sth.)对……有害处
Modern
farming
methods
have
done
considerable
harm
to
the
countryside.
现代耕作方式对乡村造成了很大的损害。
(1)come
to
harm
遭到不幸，受害
do
more
harm
than
good
弊大于利
(2)harmful
adj.
有害的
be
harmful
to
sb./sth.
对……有害
Fruit
juices
can
be
harmful
to
children's
teeth.
果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
完成句子
③如果使用不当，核能会对人的健康和安全造成危害。
Nuclear
power
will
our
health
and
safety
if
improperly
used.
④过量喝酒对你的身体有害。
It
your
health
to
drink
too
much.
【答案】 ③do
harm
to ④is
harmful
to
(3)in
large
quantities(＝in
large
numbers)大量地
This
kind
of
products
is
produced
in
large
quantities.这种产品被大批量生产。
a
large
quantity
of表示“大量的”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，接可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数，接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；large
quantities
of表示“很多”，后面无论接可数或不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数。
A
large
quantity
of
bananas
were
eaten
by
elephants.大量的香蕉都被大象吃掉了。
A
large
quantity
of
water
is
polluted.
＝Large
quantities
of
water
are
polluted.
大量的水被污染了。
用所给词的适当形式填空
⑤A
large
quantity
of
tools
(be)
sold
in
the
market
yesterday.
⑥Large
quantities
of
rain
(be)
needed
in
this
area.
【答案】 ⑤were ⑥are
7．(教材P47)An
example
of
this
type
of
drugs
is
LSD，which
produces
reactions
ranging
from
increased
heart
rate
to
acute
anxiety.
这种毒品的一个例子就是迷幻药，它会使心跳加速到急剧焦虑等一系列反应。
(1)reaction
n．反应；回应
What
was
his
reaction
to
the
news?
他对这消息反应如何？
There
has
been
a
mixed
reaction
to
her
appointment
as
director.
对她被任命为主管一事，人们的反应各不相同。
(1)in
reaction
to
对……的反应
reaction
against
抗拒；对……反抗
(2)react
v.
起反应(to)；有影响；起作用(on/upon)
react
to
对……起反应；对(食物等)有不良反应
react
against
sb./sth.
反抗、对抗某人/某事
react
with
与……起化学反应
How
do
you
react
to
this
modern
artist's
paintings?
你对这位现代艺术家的画有何评价？
The
government
decided
to
react
against
the
protesters.
政府决心对抗那些示威者。
完成句子
①人们对某些食品添加剂会严重过敏。
People
can
certain
food
additives.
②铁与水和空气起化学反应而生锈。
Iron
water
and
air
to
produce
rust.
【答案】 ①react
badly
to ②reacts
to
(2)range
from...to...范围从……到……
Tiger
sharks
commonly
range
in
length
from
nine
to
fourteen
feet.虎鲨体长通常从9到14英尺不等。
(1)range
between...and...
在……和……之间变化
range＋宾语＋adv./prep.
排列；把……排序
(2)range
n.
范围v.排列；排序
in/within
range
(of
sth.)
在……可及的范围内
out
of
range
(of
sth.)
超出……的范围；在……范围之外
She
ranged
the
goods
neatly
in
the
shop
window.
她把橱窗的货物整齐地进行了排列。
He
shouted
angrily
at
anyone
within
range.
他看见谁，就对谁吼叫。
The
cat
stayed
well
out
of
range
of
the
children.
这只猫离孩子们远远的。
用range的相关词语完成下列小片段
The
supermarket
keeps
③
goods.Their
prices
④
just
only
a
few
yuan
several
hundred
yuan.According
to
their
varieties，the
shop
assistants
⑤
them
neatly
on
the
shelves.
这家超市有种类繁多的商品。它们的价格从几元到几百元不等。根据它们的种类，售货员们把它们整齐地排列在不同的货架上。
【答案】 ③a
wide
range
of ④range
from;
to ⑤range
8．determine
vt.决定；断定；测定(后接名词、to
do或从句)
(教材P47)The
type
and
quantity
of
illegal
drugs
a
person
is
carrying
when
caught
by
police
determine
the
punishment.一个人被警察抓获时所携带的非法毒品的种类和数量决定了对他惩罚的轻重。
Please
determine
the
date
of
having
a
meeting.
请决定开会的日期。
(1)determine
on/upon
doing
sth.
决定做某事
determine
to
do
sth.
决定做某事
determine
sb.to
do
sth.
使某人下决心做某事
determine＋that...
决定……
(2)determined
adj.
决意的；已决定的
be
determined
to
do
sth.
下决心做某事
He
is
determined
to
travel
in
China.
他决定在中国旅游。
He
has
a
determined
look.
他有着坚定的表情。
[名师点津]
determine
to
do
sth.与be
determined
to
do
sth.意思基本一样，所不同的是，前者是短暂性的动作，不能与时间段连用；后者是延续性的状态，可与时间段连用。
He
determined
to
do
it
for
a
long
time.(×)
He
was
determined
to
do
it
for
a
long
time.(√)
完成句子
①What
(使你决定接受)the
offer?
②The
court
(判决)the
man
was
guilty
of
drunken
driving.
【答案】 ①determined
you
to
accept
②determined
that
9．(教材P47)The
easiest
way
to
avoid
the
health
problems
and
hardships
caused
by
illegal
drugs
is
not
to
use
them
in
the
first
place.
最简单的避免健康问题和戒毒痛苦的方式就是一开始就不要使用非法毒品。
(1)way
n．方式；方法
We
had
no
way
我们没法知道他在哪里。
This
is
the
way
(in
which/that)
he
did
it.
这就是他做事的方式。
the
way
in
the
way
挡道；碍事；阻碍
by
the
way
顺便说一声
in
this/that
way
以这种/那种方式
in
no
way
绝不
on
one's
way
to...
在去某地的路上
[明辨异同] way/method/means/manner
以上四个词均可表示“方式、方法”，主要区别在介词搭配上。
way
和manner均与in搭配，且二者常可互换，只是manner比way正式些。
method
意为“干某事的方法、方式”，侧重于理论或系统的方法，多与with、of搭配，如：with
this
method。
means
单复数同形，指任何用来达到目的东西，可指系统地办事的方法或解决问题的思路。与by搭配，构成by...means短语。
选词填空(way/method/means)
①New
of
production
were
employed
a
few
years
ago.
②Only
in
this
can
we
shake
off
their
evil
influence.
③They
succeeded
by
of
hard
working.
【答案】 ①methods ②way ③means
(2)in
the
first
place究竟，到底，当初(用于句尾，谈论某事为何或是否应该做)；首先，第一(用于句首，列举)
I
can't
go
abroad.In
the
first
place，I
have
no
money；in
the
second
place，I
will
be
homesick.
我不会出国的。首先，我没钱；其次，我会思乡的。
You
shouldn't
have
promised
her
in
the
first
place.
你起初就不应该向她承诺。
(1)表示“首先；第一”的词语：
first，firstly，first
of
all，to
begin
with，at
first，in
the
first
place
(2)表示列举不同事项的短语：
in
the
first
place...，in
the
second
place...；for
one
thing...，for
another...；on
the
one
hand...，on
the
other(hand)．
First
of
all，we
should
stay
away
from
food
containing
a
lot
of
fat.
首先，我们应该远离那些含有大量脂肪的食物。
This
method
has
two
advantages：first
it
is
cheaper
and
second
it
is
quicker.
这个方法有两个优点：一是便宜，二是较快。
完成句子
④在这个假期，我不会去旅游。第一，我没有时间；第二，我没有兴趣。
I
won't
go
to
travel
this
holiday.
，I
have
no
time；in
the
second
place，I
have
no
interest.
⑤起初，她没理解老师说的话。
，she
didn't
understand
what
the
teacher
said.
【答案】 ④In
the
first
place ⑤At
first
倡议书的写法
本单元的写作是有关倡议书的写法。写倡议书的目的是提倡开展某项有意义的活动或推行某种行之有效的做法。倡议书中所倡导进行的活动应具有广泛性和推广意义。
倡议书通常包含以下内容：
1．Introduction发出倡议的根据、原因和目的
State
the
problem
and
how
serious
the
problem
is.
In
brief，what
solution
do
you
propose?
2．Body所倡议的具体内容和要求
What
do
you
want
to
be
done?
How
should
it
be
done?
What
things
or
people
are
needed?
When?
How
much
will
it
cost?
3．Conclusion要表达倡议者的决心和希望
Benefits—How
will
the
proposal
help
the
person
reading
the
letter?
Calls
for
action—What
do
you
want
the
reader
to
do?
写倡议书时，尽量使用具有鼓动性和感召力的语言，如名人名言、格言、警句以及对偶、排比等句式，以提高语言的表达效果。
假如今天是6月26日，国际戒毒日。请你以“珍爱生命，拒绝毒品”为主题，根据下面所给出的要点提示，用英语给全校学生写一封倡议书。
1．目前现状：我国吸毒人数有100多万，而且呈上升趋势，而青少年占大多数。
2．毒品危害：毒品成为社会公害。人一旦染上毒瘾，就很难戒掉。为此，有的人倾家荡产，有的人违法犯罪。
3．提出倡议：为了自己、家人和社会，珍爱生命，拒绝毒品，为禁毒事业尽一份义务，共创美好生活。
根据以上内容，写一篇80词左右的文章。
要求：语言通畅，不要逐句翻译。
Dear
fellow
students，
第1步
思路——分析透彻是前提
本文是一篇关于抵制毒品的倡议书，可以从以下几个方面入手：首先说明节日的内容，然后交代吸毒的危害，最后发出对同学们的倡导。
第2步
词汇——必用词汇是关键
1.期望
2．对……上瘾
3．戒掉……
4．财产
5．犯罪
6．远离
7．为了……的利益
8．努力做……
【答案】 1.expect 2.be
addicted
to 3.get
rid
of
4．possessions 5.commit
crime 6.stay
away
from
7．for
the
benefit
of 8.spare
no
effort
to
do
第3步
句式——熟练翻译是根本
1.这是一个全球应共同努力抵制毒品的日子。
all
nations
are
expected
to
work
together
to
fight
against
drug
abuse.
2．据报道中国有100多万人吸毒，而且呈上升趋势。
one
million
people
in
China
take
illegal
drugs
and
the
number
is
still
increasing.
3．人一旦染上毒瘾，就很难戒掉。
to
drugs，
for
you
to
get
rid
of
them.
4．我们也应该远离毒品，珍爱生命。
We
should
also
drugs
and
our
own
lives.
【答案】 1.It
is
a
day
when 2.It
is
reported
that
over 3.Once
addicted；it's
difficult 4.stay
away
from；value
第4步
成文——连句成篇是目的
【参考范文】
Dear
fellow
students，
Today
is
26th
June，the
International
Day
against
Drug
Abuse
.All
nations
are
expected
to
work
together
to
fight
against
drug
abuse.It
is
reported
that
over
one
million
people
in
China
take
illegal
drugs
and
the
number
is
still
increasing.Worse
still，a
large
number
of
them
are
teenagers.Once
addicted
to
drugs，it's
difficult
for
you
to
get
rid
of
them.Many
drug
takers
lose
their
possessions
or
families
in
order
to
obtain
drugs.Some
even
commit
crime
and
end
up
in
prison.
As
high
school
students，we
should
try
to
help
those
who
need
help.We
should
also
stay
away
from
drugs
and
value
our
own
lives.For
the
benefit
of
ourselves，our
families
and
the
whole
society，let's
start
right
now
and
spare
no
effort
to
make
our
life
better！
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
3
Protecting
ourselves
单元尾核心要点回扣
Ⅰ.重点单词
根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词及派生词
1．
vt.&
vi.(给……)洗澡；沐浴→
n．澡盆；沐浴
2．
adj.突然的；意外的；粗鲁的→
adv.突然地；意外地
3．
v．防止；预防→
n．防止；预防
4．
vi.&
vt.(使)结束；下结论→
n．结论；决定
5．
vi.&
vt.歧视；区别→
n．辨别；区别
6．
n．加；追加→
adj.额外的
7．
v．(对……)产生反应；回应→
n．生理反应，副作用；回应
8．
n．食欲，胃口；强烈欲望→
adj.促进食欲的
9．
adj.虚假的；人造的→
n．人工制造；人为
10．
adj.下降的；向下的adv.向下→
adj.向上的
【答案】 1.bathe；bath 2.abrupt；abruptly
3．prevent；prevention 4.conclude；conclusion
5．discriminate；discrimination 6.addition；additional 7.react；reaction 8.appetite；appetizing
9．artificial；artificiality 10.downward；upward
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．
突然出现
2．
对……熟悉
3．
第一；首先；最重要(的是)
4．
离开；不靠近
5．
戒掉……的习惯
6．
be
short
for
7．
wipe
away
8．
have
trouble(in)doing
sth.
9．
refer
to...as
10．
range
from...to...
【答案】 1.burst
on
the
scene 2.be
familiar
with 3.first
of
all 4.stay
away
from 5.get
out
of
the
habit
of 6.是……的缩写 7.消除；去除 8.做某事有麻烦 9.把……称为…… 10.范围从……到……
Ⅲ.重点句式
根据所给提示补全下列教材原句
1．HIV
is
spreading
across
the
world
at
a
high
rate，
(每天大约有7
000人感染这种病毒)．
2．The
work
of
international
organizations
is
even
more
important
(那时你会考虑到这种情况变得有多么糟)．
3．
(尽管)
most
people
are
familiar
with
Aids
and
how
it
is
spread，many
people
think
that
HIV
and
Aids
are
an
African
problem，because
there
are
so
many
HIV
and
Aids
victims
in
Africa.
4．The
beginning
paragraph
should
attract
readers
and
(使他们对阅读……感兴趣)
the
text.
5．Do
not
(把任何药物放到)
around
in
the
house
so
that
children
can
get
it.
【答案】 1.with
about
7,000
people
catching
the
virus
daily 2.when
you
consider
how
much
more
severe
the
situation
could
become 3.Although
4．keep
them
interested
in
reading 5.leave
any
medicine
lying
PAGE
-
1
-Unit
3
Protecting
ourselves
1．bathe
v.
(给……)洗澡，沐浴
(教材P34)In
an
African
village，eleven?year?old
Ajani
is
bathing
his
younger
sister.
在非洲的一个村庄，11岁的阿加尼正在给小妹妹洗澡。
I
bathe
every
day.我每天洗澡。
(1)bathe
sth.in
sth.
使……沐浴在……里
be
bathed
in
light/sunshine/sweat
沐浴在光线里/阳光下/被汗浸没
(2)bath
n.
浴缸，浴盆；沐浴
have/take
a
bath
沐浴，洗澡
There
is
water
on
the
floor.The
wooden
bath
must
be
leaking.
地面上有水。这个木制的浴盆一定在漏水。
The
beach
was
bathed
in
the
golden
sunshine.
海滩浸沐在金色的阳光里。
完成句子
①我紧张得浑身是汗。
I
was
so
nervous
that
I
sweat.
②他有睡前洗澡的习惯。
He
has
the
habit
of
before
going
to
bed.
③一轮满月将银色的月光撒满这一带乡间。
A
full
moon
the
countryside
a
silver
light.
【答案】 ①was
bathed
in ②taking
a
bath
③bathed；in
2．cure
n．药、药物；疗法；治疗；疗程
(教材P34)So
far，there
is
no
cure
for
Aids.
到目前为止，对艾滋病没有任何治疗方法。
There
is
no
known
cure
for
this
disease.
这种病尚没有确切的治疗方法。
The
cure
took
six
weeks.
此疗程花了六个星期。
(1)a
cure
for
sth.
治疗……办法
beyond
cure
不可救药
(2)cure
vt.
治愈；治好；解决(问题)；改正
cure
sb.of
sth.
治愈某人疾病；矫正某人的不良行为
cure
sb./a
disease
治疗好某人/治愈某种疾病
Can
you
cure
him
of
his
cancer，doctor?
医生，你能治愈他的癌症吗？
I
finally
managed
to
cure
the
rattling
noise
in
my
car.
我最终设法解决了我汽车发出的咯咯声。
[明辨异同] cure/treat/heal
cure
意为“治愈”，常指治疗疾病、痛苦或革除恶习、弊害等，侧重结果；可构成cure
sb.of
sth.结构。
treat
意为“治疗”，强调治疗的过程，常用treat
sb.for
sth.结构。
heal
意为“(使)愈合，治愈”，指治愈伤口尤其是灼伤，使愈合或恢复正常。
The
doctor
is
treating
him
and
he
will
get
cured
in
three
days.医生正在为他治疗，三日后他将痊愈。
用cure，treat和heal的适当形式填空
①His
wound
after
the
treatment.
②Which
doctor
is
going
to
him
for
his
illness?
③She
tried
every
means
to
her
child
of
the
bad
habit.
【答案】 ①healed ②treat ③cure
3．(教材P34)HIV
is
spreading
across
the
world
at
a
high
rate，with
about
7,000
people
catching
the
virus
daily.艾滋病病毒在全球以高速度传播，大约每天有7
000人受到感染。
(1)spread
vt.&
vi.伸展；展开；传播；蔓延(其过去式和过去分词均为spread)
The
house
caught
fire
and
the
fire
spread
quickly.
那房子着火了，火势很快蔓延开来。
The
forest
spreads
from
here
to
the
river.
森林从这里一直延伸到那条河边。
The
bird
spreads
its
wings.鸟展开翅膀。
(1)spread
sth.on/over
sth.
把某物铺在……上
spread
sth.with
sth.
把某物涂在……上
spread
to
传到，波及，蔓延到
spread
out
伸展身体；推开东西
(2)spread
n.
扩展；扩张；普及；流行；蔓延
the
spread
of
disease/knowledge
疾病/知识的传播
Do
you
have
to
spread
yourself
out
all
over
the
sofa!
你就非得躺下，把整个大沙发全占了才行吗？
They
have
taken
measures
to
prevent
the
spread
of
disease.
他们已经采取措施防止疾病的传播了。
完成句子
①各种报纸摊在书桌上。
Papers
had
been
on
the
desk.
②短短几个星期，他的信心感染了全体队员。
Within
weeks，his
confidence
had
throughout
the
team.
③为了促进知识的传播，他来到这个村庄。
He
came
to
the
village
to
encourage
.
【答案】 ①spread
out ②spread ③the
spread
of
knowledge
(2)【要点提炼】 with
about
14,000
people
being
infected
是属于with的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语，修饰谓语is
spreading。
with的复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾补”，有以下几种宾补形式。
①with＋n./pron.＋adj.
He
likes
to
sleep
with
the
window
open.
他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
②with＋n./pron.＋adv.
With
the
light
on，he
is
sleeping
in
bed.
灯亮着，他睡在床上。
③with＋n./pron.＋介词短语
She
came
in
with
a
baby
in
her
arms.
她抱着孩子进来了。
④with＋n./pron.＋done
With
the
problem
settled，we
went
on
smoothly.
由于问题得到了解决，我们进展很顺利。
⑤with＋n./pron.＋doing
With
a
local
guide
leading
the
way，we
got
there
easily.
由于当地向导带路，我们很容易到了那儿。
⑥with＋n./pron.＋to
do
sth.
With
her
husband
to
help
her，she
worked
it
out.
由于她丈夫帮助她，她解决了这个问题。
[名师点津]
with的复合结构既可作状语，也可作定语。
完成句子
④还有10分钟，你最好快点。
，you'd
better
hurry.
⑤随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。
，they
have
grown
into
big
boys
and
big
girls.
【答案】 ④With
ten
minutes
to
go ⑤With
time
passing
by
4．be
familiar
with对……熟悉
(教材P34)Although
most
people
are
familiar
with
Aids
and
how
it
is
spread...
虽然多数人熟悉艾滋病及其传播方式……
Everyone
who
lives
near
a
bakery
is
familiar
with
the
smell.(＝The
smell
is
familiar
to
everyone
who
lives
near
a
bakery.)
住在面包店附近的人都熟悉这种气味。
be
familiar
to
为……所熟悉
be
on
familiar
terms
with...
和……交情好
[名师点津]
familiar后常接介词to，意为“为……所熟悉”，其主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人。familiar后接介词with意为“熟悉……”，其主语只能是人，而宾语是所熟悉的内容或物，有时也作“精通，通晓”解。其后接人时，可作“同……亲密”解。
句型转换
①He
is
familiar
with
the
plants'
names.
→The
plants'
names
him.
【答案】 are
familiar
to
完成句子
②That
girl
looks
quite
(我面熟)．
③Are
you
(熟悉)the
rules
of
baseball?
【答案】 ②familiar
to
me ③familiar
with
5．devote...to...奉献(人生、精力、时间、劳力等)于……；致力于……；忠诚于……
(教材P35)Dr
David
Ho，a
Chinese?American
Aids
expert，has
devoted
himself
to
bringing
up?to?date
technology
and
international
attention
to
China's
Aids
problem.
美籍华裔、艾滋病专家何大卫博士一直致力于引进最新技术，吸引国际社会关注中国的艾滋病问题。
He
devoted
his
life
to
art.
他终生献身艺术。
He
devoted
his
energies
to
writing
films.
他倾力创作电影剧本。
Lei
Feng
devoted
himself
to
helping
others
in
his
life.
在雷锋的一生中，他热心帮助他人。
(1)devote
vt.
致力；献身；倾注
devote
oneself
to...
献身于……；倾注于……
(2)devoted
adj.
热爱的；忠实的
be
devoted
to...
忠实于……；热心于……；专心于……
(3)devotion
n.
热爱；投入
devotion
to...
热爱……；专心于……；热心于……
We
all
should
be
devoted
to
our
parents.
我们大家都应该对父母有孝心。
I
can
believe
him，because
he
is
a
devoted
friend.
我能相信他，因为他是一位忠实的朋友。
His
devotion
to
his
wife
and
family
is
touching.
他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。
用devote适当形式填空
①Now
she
most
of
her
time
to
this
work.
②Most
of
his
spare
time
was
to
the
translation
of
those
works.
③His
to
music
is
plain
to
see.
【答案】 ①devotes ②devoted ③devotion
6．die
of死于……(多指死于疾病、衰老、悲伤、饥饿等内部原因和精神上的原因)
(教材P35)Between
2000
and
2020，over
68
million
people
will
die
of
Aids.
在2000年到2020年期间，超过6
800万的人将死于艾滋病。
She
died
of
grief
soon
after
her
husband's
death.
她丈夫去世不久，她因悲伤过度而死了。
die
from
多指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不
注意、疾病、劳累过度等而死。
die
for
为……而死
die
by
(from，of)
死于……，以……方式而死
die
out
绝种；灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)
逐渐消
灭
die
off
(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后
枯
死
die
away
(声音、光线、风等)渐弱；渐息；平息
die
down
(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱；
渐息；
(声音)静下来
He
died
for
his
country.
他为国牺牲了。
The
sound
of
the
car
died
away
in
the
distance.
汽车的响声在远处消失。
This
species
has
nearly
died
out
because
its
habitat
is
being
destroyed.
因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒临灭绝。
选用上述词语填空
①As
the
region
is
becoming
hotter，this
kind
of
grass
is
.
②Their
chatter
and
laughter
as
the
group
rushed
out
of
the
classroom.
③When
all
the
guests
had
left，the
whole
house
.
④We
need
to
take
action
before
all
the
endangered
animals
.
【答案】 ①dying
off ②died
away ③died
down
④died
out
7．(教材P35)The
work
of
international
organizations
is
even
more
important
when
you
consider
how
much
more
severe
the
situation
could
become.
当考虑到这一形势会变得有多么严峻时，国际组织的工作就显得更加重要了。
【要点提炼】 本句是复合句，when引导时间状语从句；how引导名词性从句，作动词consider的宾语。
时间状语从句由when，as，after，before，till，until，as
soon
as，once，since，by
the
time，the
moment等引导。
When
I
got
home，Mother
had
cooked
the
meal.
当我到家时母亲已做好了饭。
I
want
to
see
my
friend
after
I
have
finished
my
homework.
我做完作业后要去看望我的朋友。
①I
was
about
to
ask
the
question
(这时下课了)．
②
(约翰到达时)，I
was
cooking
lunch.
【答案】 ①when
the
class
ended ②When
John
arrived
8．access
n．进入；接近；通道；门路；接近……的权利
(教材P35)Their
grandfather
is
now
caring
for
them，and
because
their
mother
had
access
to
prescription
Aids
medicines
when
she
was
pregnant,
they
did
not
get
HIV
from
her.他们的爷爷现在正在照料他们，而且由于他们的妈妈在怀孕期间使用了艾滋病处方药物，他们没有从她那里感染艾滋病病毒。
(1)have/get/gain/obtain
access
to.
得以接近/进入/会见……
give
sb.access
to
答应让某人使用
(2)accessible
adj.
易进入的；易得到的，易使用的；易
接近的
be
accessible
to
可接近的，可靠近的
Few
men
have
direct
access
to
the
king.
很少人能接近国王。
I
have
access
to
his
office.我可以进出他的办公室。
[明辨异同] access/entrance
两者都有“通向……的通道”之意。
access
是正式用语，指从一处通向另一处的通道。用作比喻意义时，指接近某事物或某人的机会或方法。
entrance
也是正式用语，笼统地指建筑物的入口处，不指具体的门。还指“获得通过入口处的权利”的意思。
The
only
access
to
the
old
temple
is
across
the
woods.到那个古庙的唯一道路是穿过这片树林。
Students
must
have
access
to
good
books.
学生必须有机会读到好书。
They
came
to
the
entrance
to
the
railway
station.
他们来到火车站的进口处。
He
has
passed
the
school
entrance
examination.
他已经通过了入学考试。
句型转换
①Many
divorced
fathers
are
allowed
by
law
to
see
their
children
only
at
weekends.
→
Many
divorced
fathers
only
their
children
at
weekends.
②The
only
way
of
reaching
the
farmhouse
is
across
the
fields.
→
The
only
the
farmhouse
is
across
the
fields.
【答案】 ①have
access
to ②access
to
9．as
well
as不仅……而且……；既……也/又……；和……一样好
(教材P35)He
believes
that
education
as
well
as
medical
treatment
is
the
key
to
stopping
the
disease
in
the
future.
他相信，教育以及治疗是在未来消灭这一疾病的关键。
The
girl
is
good
at
English
as
well
as
Spanish.
这个女孩儿既擅长西班牙语又擅长英语。
He
doesn't
speak
English
as
well
as
his
friends.
他英语说得不像他的朋友们那样好。
(1)as
well
as被看作复合介词，后接名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等；当后接动词时，多用?ing形式。as
well
as表示“除……之外”时，相当于besides，in
addition
to。
(2)as
well
as也可以是well的同级比较结构，表示“和……一样好”。
(3)as
well
as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和as
well
as前的主语保持一致。
He
as
well
as
his
students
is
going
to
visit
the
science
museum.(＝Not
only
his
students
but
also
he
is
going
to
visit
the
science
museum.)他和学生们将要去参观科学博物馆。
完成句子
①这孩子既健康又活泼。
The
child
is
lively
.
②乔治和他兄弟一样都出国了。
George,
as
well
as
his
brother,
.
③不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。
I
as
well
as
they
.
【答案】 ①as
well
as
healthy ②has
gone
abroad
③am
ready
to
help
you
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