阅读理解(四) 科技类
A [2020·朝阳一模]
Do
you
have
good
friends?
Do
you
sometimes
feel
so
close
to
them
that
they
are
like
family
to
you?
It
turns
out
that
this
isn’t
just
an
expression.
A
study
by
Yale
University
has
found
that
you
and
your
friends
have
more
genes(基因)
in
common
than
strangers
do.
Researchers
looked
at
the
genes
of
1,932
people
and
compared
them
in
pairs
of
unrelated
friends
and
strangers.
They
found
that
friends
have
1%
of
genes
that
match.
“1%
of
genes
may
not
sound
like
much
to
the
layperson(外行),
but
to
geneticists(遗传学家)
it
is
a
large
number,”Professor
Nicholas
Christakis
of
Yale
University
told
Discovery
News.
In
fact,
this
is
the
same
amount
of
genes
you
share
with
your
fourth
cousins,
those
who
have
the
same
great-great-great
grandparents
as
you.
So
do
you
happen
to
become
friends
with
people
who
share
your
genes?
Not
at
all.
In
fact,
it
is
evolution(进化)
that
brings
you
together.
People
who
share
certain
genes
also
share
skills
and
have
similar
likes
and
dislikes,
researchers
said.
In
ancient
times,
it
was
important
that
people
who
were
alike
stayed
together.
For
example,
people
who
had
a
similar
susceptibility(易感性)
to
the
cold
were
more
likely
to
help
each
other
build
a
fire,
giving
them
a
better
chance
to
stay
alive.
Researchers
also
found
that
among
all
the
genes
studied,
those
producing
a
change
in
sense
of
smell
were
the
most
similar
in
friends.
This
is
probably
because
people
who
smell
things
in
the
same
way
are
more
easily
drawn
to
similar
environments.
For
example,
people
who
like
the
smell
of
coffee
may
hang
out
at
cafes(咖啡馆)
more
often
and
as
a
result
are
more
likely
to
meet
and
become
friends
with
each
other.
With
their
findings,
the
team
has
developed
an
interesting
test
called
the
“friendship
score”.
It
can
help
tell
how
big
the
chances
are
that
two
people
will
be
friends
by
studying
their
genes.
So,
here
is
a
question
for
you:
Would
you
like
to
take
this
test
and
know
in
advance(提前)
who
your
friends
are
going
to
be,
or
would
you
still
prefer
to
learn
about
it
by
yourself
and
let
time
be
the
judge?
1.From
the
passage,
we
know
that
friends
.
?
A.look
like
our
cousin
B.share
1%
of
genes
with
us
C.feel
close
to
our
family
D.can
help
us
when
we
feel
cold
2.According
to
the
passage,
the
writer
probably
agrees
.
?
A.we
develop
our
friendship
by
chance
B.our
genes
decide
who
we
can
make
friends
with
C.everyone
should
take
the
test
called
the
“friendship
score”
D.people
sharing
certain
genes
have
skills
and
interests
in
common
3.The
writer
takes
the
example
of
ancient
people
in
Paragraph
5
to
.
?
A.study
how
ancient
people
dealt
with
the
cold
B.predict
that
similar
environments
lead
to
friendship
C.prove
that
it
is
evolution
that
brings
friends
together
D.explain
why
ancient
people
gave
each
other
chance
to
keep
alive
4.Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title?
A.Friendship:
Its
Influence
on
People
and
Behavior
B.Friendship:
Its
Benefits
to
Teens
and
Decision
Making
C.Friendship:
Is
It
Necessary
to
Be
Judged
by
Time?
D.Friendship:
Is
It
Possible
to
Be
Influenced
by
Genes?
B
What
makes
humans
smarter
than
other
animals?
We’ve
got
a
bigger
brain,
of
course.
But
when
it
comes
to
brains,
is
bigger
always
better?
Traditionally,
scientists
have
thought
that
humans’
better
intelligence(智慧)
came
mostly
from
the
fact
that
our
brains
are
three
times
bigger
than
those
of
our
nearest
living
relatives,
chimpanzees.
People
even
used
to
believe
that
men
are
smarter
than
women
because
men
have
a
little
larger
brains.
This,
however,
is
not
the
truth.
Scientists
at
University
College
London
in
the
UK
have
found
that
brain
organization,
and
not
brain
size,
is
the
key
to
the
advantage
of
human
intelligence,
reported
Live
Science.
Through
millions
of
years
of
gradual
development,
our
ancestors(祖先)
were
pushed
to
get
smarter
all
the
time
so
that
they
could
meet
the
needs
of
new
environments.
However,
holding
this
growing
intelligence
in
increasingly
large
brains
was
not
the
best
choice
because
bigger
brains
require
more
energy
to
power.“This
is
when
reorganization
may
come
into
play,”
said
Christophe
Soligo,
a
member
of
the
London
research
team.
In
the
study,
scientists
looked
at
the
brains
of
17
kinds
of
primates(灵长目动物),including
monkeys,
apes
and
humans.
They
found
that
in
the
process
of
gradual
development,
brains
didn’t
keep
growing
as
a
whole.
Certain
parts
of
the
brain
grew
more
than
others
as
needed,
and
in
this
way
they
could
make
the
best
use
of
their
limited
brain
space.
For
example,
when
early
humans
were
trying
hard
to
live,
the
brain
region(区域)
which
is
in
charge
of
using
tools
and
finding
food
grew
in
size
more
than
other
regions.
But
in
modern
times,
the
prefrontal
cortex(前额皮质)—the
region
in
charge
of
social
cognition(认知),
moral
judgments
and
goal-directed
planning—grew
more
than
the
rest
of
the
brain.?
Think
of
the
brain
as
a
room.
If
a
big
room
is
poorly
organized,
it
doesn’t
necessarily
store
more
things
than
a
smaller
one.
Paul
Manger,
a
professor,
explains
this
using
the
example
of
whales.
He
told
Scientific
American,“Whales
have
big
brains.
But
if
you
look
at
the
actual
structure(结构)
of
the
brain,
it’s
very
simple.
Brain
size
only
matters
if
the
rest
of
the
brain
is
organized
properly.”
1.According
to
the
passage,
in
recent
human
development,
.?
A.the
prefrontal
cortex
grew
most
in
the
brain
B.humans’
most
regions
of
the
brain
didn’t
change
C.brain
became
simple
because
the
brain
space
is
limited
D.brain
kept
growing
in
size
to
deal
with
new
environments
2.The
words“in
charge
of”in
Paragraph
6
probably
mean
“ ”.?
A.similar
to
B.responsible
for
C.in
need
of
D.with
the
help
of
3.The
writer
probably
agrees
that
.?
A.the
difference
between
men
and
women
has
an
effect
on
intelligence
B.the
larger
brains
are
usually
organized
better
than
the
smaller
ones
C.animals
whose
brains
are
organized
properly
can
be
smarter
D.the
size
of
the
brain
has
nothing
to
do
with
intelligence
4.Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.Is
Human
Brain
the
Biggest
of
All
Animals’?
B.Do
Men
Have
Bigger
Brains
than
Women?
C.Are
Human
Brains
Growing
as
a
Whole?
D.Does
a
Bigger
Brain
Make
You
Smarter?
C
Smarter
than
We
Thought
It’s
a
popular
belief
that
fish
can’t
remember
anything
for
longer
than
seven
seconds.
It
may
seem
sad
to
think
that
they
don’t
remember
what
they’ve
eaten
or
where
they’ve
been,
and
they
don’t
recognize
you
or
any
of
their
friends—every
moment
in
their
lives
would
be
like
seeing
the
world
for
the
first
time.
But
don’t
be
so
quick
to
feel
sorry
for
them.
A
recent
study
has
found
that
fish
have
much
better
memories
than
we
used
to
think.
In
fact,
certain
kinds
of
fish
can
even
remember
events
from
as
long
as
12
days
ago,
BBC
reported.
In
the
study,
researchers
from
MacEwan
University
in
Canada
trained
a
kind
of
fish
called
African
cichlids
to
go
to
a
certain
area
of
their
tank
to
get
food.
They
then
waited
for
12
days
before
putting
them
back
in
the
tank
again.
Researchers
used
computer
software(软件)
to
monitor
the
fish’s
movements.
They
found
that
after
such
a
long
break
the
fish
still
went
to
the
same
place
where
they
first
got
food.
This
suggested
that
they
could
remember
their
past
experiences.
In
fact,
scientists
had
been
thinking
for
a
long
time
that
African
cichlids
might
have
a
good
memory.
An
earlier
study
showed
that
they
behaved
aggressively(有攻击性地)
in
front
of
certain
fish,
perhaps
because
they
remembered
their
past
fights.
But
until
the
latest
findings,
there
was
no
clear
evidence(证据).
Just
as
a
good
memory
can
make
our
lives
easier,
it
also
plays
an
important
part
when
a
fish
is
trying
to
live
in
the
wild.
“If
fish
are
able
to
remember
that
a
certain
area
has
safe
food,
they
will
be
able
to
go
back
to
that
area
without
putting
their
lives
in
danger,”
lead
researcher
Trevor
Hamilton
told
Live
Science.
For
a
long
time,
fish
were
placed
far
below
chimpanzees(黑猩猩),
dolphins
and
mice
on
the
list
of
smart
animals.
But
this
study
has
given
scientists
a
new
understanding
of
their
intelligence(智力).
So
next
time
you
are
watching
your
pet
fish
from
outside
the
tank,
perhaps
you
should
feel
closer
to
them—they
may
remember
who
you
are.
1.What
is
a
popular
belief
about
fish?
A.Fish
can
remember
things
for
a
very
short
time.
B.Fish
can
only
remember
part
of
their
experiences.
C.Fish
can
remember
things
that
happened
12
days
ago.
D.Fish
can
remember
things
for
longer
than
three
minutes.
2.According
to
the
passage,
fish
can
with
a
good
memory.?
A.know
where
to
escape
and
keep
safe
B.find
their
enemies
and
fight
with
them
C.remember
where
to
get
food
and
stay
alive
D.recognize
their
friends
and
help
each
other
3.What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
A.Our
pet
fish
can
surely
remember
who
we
are.
B.Fish
are
as
clever
as
chimpanzees,
dolphins
and
mice.
C.Clear
evidence
has
shown
certain
fish
can
remember
their
past
fights.
D.African
cichlids
can
even
remember
events
from
as
long
as
12
days
ago.
D
The
21st-century
discoveries
about
the
human
brain
and
its
functions
have
shown
the
surprising
fact
that
human
abilities
are
not
fixed
at
birth.
In
other
words,
what
you
are
able
to
do
with
your
life
is
not
fixed
when
you
are
born.
It
is
not
all
in
the
genes(基因).
It
is
not
just
nature:
nurture(教育,
培育)
plays
an
important
part
in
the
moulding(塑造)
of
what
a
person
is,
and
what
he/she
can
be.
Brain
plasticity(可塑性)
or
neuroplasticity(神经可塑性)
refers
to
the
amazing
ability
of
the
human
brain
to
modify(修改)
its
structure
and
functions
according
to
the
changes
within
the
body
and/or
in
the
outer
environment.
In
his
book
The
Brain
That
Changes
Itself,
psychiatrist
and
psychoanalyst
Norman
Doidge,
M.D.,
offers
an
introduction
to
the
great
scientists
strongly
supporting
neuroplasticity
and
the
people
whose
lives
they’ve
changed.
The
book
describes
real-life
stories
of
stroke(中风)
patients
learning
to
speak
again,
and
the
amazing
story
of
a
woman
born
with
half
a
brain
that
restructured
itself
to
work
as
a
whole.
It
is
a
book
that
changes
the
way
we
think
about
our
brain,
its
nature,
and
its
potential(潜能).
The
genes
we
receive
from
our
parents
are
finite(有限的),
no
doubt
about
that.
However,
our
brain’s
ability
to
develop
is
infinite.
New
brain
cells
are
being
born
all
the
time,
and
to
keep
them
alive
and
growing,
we
have
to
stimulate(刺激)
them.
Here
lies
the
promise
of
neuroplasticity
in
the
moulding
of
children
into
adults
who
are
capable
of
realizing
their
potential.
For
example,
a
genius
is
nothing
but
a
human
being
who
has
realized
his/her
inborn
potential!
What
Mozart,
Einstein
and
Da
Vinci
had
was
inborn
potential
plus(和,外加)
the
right
environment.
All
geniuses
started
life
in
exactly
the
same
way.
They
had
parents
who
supported
the
development
of
their
individual
gifts
and
talents.
They
had
the
right
environment
and
stimuli(刺激,刺激物)
that
led
to
the
best
development
of
themselves.
You
can
think
about
your
child’s
gifts
as
the
merging(融合的)
colours
of
a
rainbow.
The
possibilities
are
endless.
All
children
are
born
with
three
natural
abilities
that
provide
them
with
the
potential
to
think
like
a
genius:
the
abilities
to
think,
to
learn
and
to
develop
their
own
individual
way
of
thinking
and
learning.
Can
your
child
be
a
genius?
Yes,
he/she
can
be,
if
you
give
him/her
the
right
environment,
the
right
stimuli
and
the
right
guidance.
1.What
does
the
human
brain
modify
when
the
outer
environment
changes?
A.The
world.
B.The
stimuli.
C.Its
colour.
D.Its
structure
and
functions.
2.Which
statement
is
true
according
to
the
passage?
A.Human
abilities
are
fixed
when
they
are
born.
B.A
stroke
patient
can
never
learn
to
speak
again.
C.Nurture
can
mould
what
a
person
is
because
our
brain
has
its
nature
and
potential.
D.The
genes
we
receive
from
our
parents
completely
decide
what
we
can
do
or
can’t
do.
3.What’s
the
main
idea
of
Paragraph
7?
A.Discovering
the
time
when
your
child
can
be
a
genius.
B.Discovering
the
gifts
and
talents
of
your
child.
C.Discovering
the
reason
your
child
wants
to
be
a
genius.
D.Discovering
the
colour
of
the
natural
abilities
of
your
child.
4.Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title?
A.Is
your
child
a
genius?
B.Can
your
child
be
a
genius?
C.Do
you
want
to
be
a
genius?
D.Is
it
important
to
be
a
genius?
E [2020·大兴一模]
At
present,
we
can
use
computers
or
smartphones
to
text
messages
to
the
friends
around
the
world.
We
can
buy
fruit
from
Brazil
or
see
movies
made
in
India
on
the
websites.
But
how
can
we
get
to
know
and
understand
people
who
are
living
in
different
countries
better?
As
we
all
know,
it
is
beneficial
for
teenagers
to
have
more
knowledge
and
understand
the
world
better.
We
must
remember
that
they
are
the
decision-makers
of
the
future.
To
shape
the
world
in
the
interests
of
all,we
should
help
them
to
act
as
responsible
global
citizens(公民).
So
it
is
important
for
them
to
learn
more
about
how
other
people
live
in
different
parts
of
the
world.
By
doing
this,
they
can
find
out
what
problems
they
have
in
their
communities
and
decide
how
they
can
help
each
other
better.
A
charity(慈善)
group
in
the
UK
started
a
project
for
Africa
in
February,
2004.
The
aim
of
the
project
was
to
take
a
fresh
look
at
Africa’s
past
and
present
and
the
international
community’s
role
in
its
development.
Lots
of
British
students
took
part
in
the
project.
Students
from
25
UK
schools
connected
with
students
from
25
African
schools
to
discuss
the
African
Continent(非洲)
and
its
culture
on
the
Internet.
Some
students
from
the
poor
areas
in
Africa
were
taken
to
the
places
that
had
computers,
so
they
could
take
part
in
the
project.
Students
used
their
computers
to
work
on
the
Internet
and
send
emails.
They
could
even
design
their
own
web
pages
with
pictures,
sounds
and
videos.
Together
the
teenagers
built
a
website
which
went
live
in
June,
2005.
Through
the
project
teenagers
were
encouraged
to
study
the
different
cultures
of
Africa
as
well
as
some
of
the
problems
facing
young
people
in
Africa.
Now,more
and
more
projects
have
been
started
since
then
all
around
the
world.
Teenagers
from
schools
in
different
countries
are
still
trying
to
make
connections
and
find
out
more
about
each
other.
Let’s
hope
these
projects
help
teenagers
understand
more
about
the
lives
of
others
on
the
other
side
of
the
world.
1.According
to
the
passage,
teenagers
are
encouraged
to
.?
A.use
computers
as
often
as
possible
in
their
free
time
B.have
more
knowledge
and
understand
the
world
better
C.go
abroad
and
learn
different
cultures
of
other
countries
D.offer
their
second-hand
computers
to
African
students
2.What
does
the
writer
mainly
tell
us?
A.How
the
projects
have
developed
around
the
world.
B.What
all
the
students
have
achieved
from
the
projects.
C.Why
British
schools
took
part
in
the
project
so
early.
D.Who
helped
the
charity
group
to
set
up
the
project.
3.Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.Teenagers’
Projects
in
African
Schools
B.Websites
Designed
by
African
Teenagers
C.Language
Systems
All
over
the
World
D.Teenagers’
International
Community
F [2020·海淀二模]
Some
apps
highlight(凸显)
when
a
person
is
online—and
then
share
the
information
with
the
followers.
Researchers
at
the
University
of
Washington
say
that
people
could
have
more
control
over
whether
to
show
their
online
status(状态)
in
this
case.
To
find
out
whether
people
realize
the
apps
are
sharing
this
information
and
whether
these
indicators(标识)
change
how
people
behave
online,
the
research
team
carried
out
a
study
among
users
of
different
apps.
The
team
asked
participants
if
the
apps
they
used
showed
their
online
status
to
their
network.
Almost
90%
of
the
participants
correctly
named
at
least
one
of
the
apps
they
used
that
had
online
status
indicators.
But
for
at
least
one
app
they
used,
62.5%
answered
“not
sure”
and
35.5%
answered
“no”.(Actually
the
app
did.)
The
researchers
also
asked
participants
whether
they
noticed
when
others
were
online,
whether
they
thought
others
noticed
when
they
were
online,
and
whether
they
had
changed
their
own
behavior
because
they
did
or
didn’t
want
to
appear
online.
The
answers
show
that
many
people
misunderstand
online
status
indicators
but
still
carefully
shape
their
behavior
to
control
how
they
are
displayed
to
others.
More
than
half
of
the
participants
reported
that
they
had
suspected(怀疑)
that
someone
had
noticed
their
status.
Meanwhile,
over
half
reported
that
they
had
logged
on
to
an
app
just
to
check
someone
else’s
status.
And
43%
of
the
participants
mentioned
changing
their
settings
or
behavior
because
they
were
trying
to
avoid
one
specific
person.
“We
see
this
repeated
way
of
people
changing
their
behavior
to
meet
the
demands
of
technology—as
opposed
to
technology
adapting
to
us
and
meeting
our
needs,”
said
Lucy
Simko,
a
UW
doctoral
student
in
the
Allen
School.
That
means
people
are
choosing
to
go
online
not
because
they
want
to
do
something
there
but
because
it’s
important
that
their
status
indicator
is
projecting
the
right
thing
at
the
right
time.
“Now,
many
people
are
working
from
home
and
socializing
only
online
to
fight
against
the
coronavirus
pandemic(新型冠状病毒疫情),
and
some
employees
use
their
online
status
to
indicate
that
they
are
working
and
available
for
meetings,”
the
team
says.
So
there’s
an
opportunity
to
think
about
how
future
development
of
this
technology
could
change
how
people
use
online
status
indicators.
1.The
fourth
paragraph
is
mainly
about
.?
A.the
purpose
of
the
research
B.the
method
used
by
the
team
C.the
findings
of
the
research
D.the
suggestions
given
by
the
team
2.What
can
we
learn
from
the
research?
A.Some
apps
are
updated
to
meet
the
needs
of
their
users.
B.Some
apps
make
money
by
selling
their
users’
information.
C.People
usually
have
a
clear
picture
of
the
apps
they
are
using.
D.People
sometimes
go
online
to
show
they’re
doing
the
right
thing.
3.Which
might
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.Why
We
Should
Protect
Our
Privacy
Online
B.Why
Online
Apps
Influence
the
Way
We
Think
C.How
Online
Status
Indicators
Shape
Our
Behavior
D.How
We
Could
Make
Full
Use
of
Online
Information
【参考答案】
A
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇科普文。为什么我们会和一些人成为好朋友?耶鲁大学的一项研究发现,朋友之间有1%的基因是匹配的,但是这并不是人们成为朋友的原因,人们成为朋友的原因是进化。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“They
found
that
friends
have
1%
of
genes
that
match.”可知,朋友之间有1%的基因是匹配的。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“People
who
share
certain
genes
also
share
skills
and
have
similar
likes
and
dislikes,
researchers
said.”可知,有某些同样基因的人有相似的技能和好恶。故选D。
3.C 细节理解题。第五段第一句“People
who
share
certain
genes
also
share
skills
and
have
similar
likes
and
dislikes,
researchers
said.”是本段的主题句,下文是对第一句的进一步解释说明。作者举古代人的例子是为了证明是进化将朋友聚在一起。故选C。
4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,耶鲁大学一项对基因的研究说明了人们成为朋友的原因:不是因为有1%的基因匹配,而是因为进化。故选D。
B
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇科普文。是不是大脑越大越聪明?
来看看科学家们的看法吧。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“But
in
modern
times,
the
prefrontal
cortex—the
region
in
charge
of
social
cognition,
moral
judgments
and
goal-directed
planning—grew
more
than
the
rest
of
the
brain.”可知,在最近人类发展中,大脑中的前额皮质长得最多。故选A。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“using
tools
and
finding
food”可知,这部分大脑区域是负责使用工具和寻找食物的。in
charge
of意为“主管,负责”,与responsible
for同义。故选B。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“…have
found
that
brain
organization,
and
not
brain
size,
is
the
key
to
the
advantage
of
human
intelligence,
reported
Live
Science.”可知,大脑系统是智力优势的关键,因此大脑系统合理的动物更聪明。故选C。
4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了对大脑进行科学研究的成果并以大猩猩和鲸鱼为例解释了“是不是大脑越大越聪明”。故选D。
C
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇说明文。以前人们认为鱼类的记忆只能保持7秒钟,但是实验表明它们可以有长达12天的记忆,要比以前人们想的更聪明。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s
a
popular
belief
that
fish
can’t
remember
anything
for
longer
than
seven
seconds.”可知,人们普遍认为鱼的记忆时间很短。故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“They
found
that
after
such
a
long
break
the
fish
still
went
to
the
same
place
where
they
first
got
food.
This
suggested
that
they
could
remember
their
past
experiences.”可知,鱼记得在哪里能得到食物,从而得以生存。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段“In
the
study,
researchers…trained
a
kind
of
fish
called
African
cichlids
to
go
to
a
certain
area
of
their
tank
to
get
food.
They
then
waited
for
12
days
before
putting
them
back
in
the
tank
again.”和第五段中的“They
found
that
after
such
a
long
break
the
fish
still
went
to
the
same
place
where
they
first
got
food.”可知,非洲丽鱼科鱼甚至可以记住12天前发生的事。故选D。
D
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇科普文。科学研究表明,教育在人的成长过程中起着重要作用。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…the
amazing
ability
of
the
human
brain
to
modify
its
structure
and
functions
according
to
the
changes
within
the
body
and/or
in
the
outer
environment.”可知,当外部环境改变时,人类大脑也会调整其结构与功能。故选D。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“…that
human
abilities
are
not
fixed
at
birth.”可知A项错误;根据第三段中的“The
book
describes
real-life
stories
of
stroke
patients
learning
to
speak
again…”可知B项错误;根据第一段中的“It’s
not
just
nature:
nurture
plays
an
important
part
in
the
moulding
of
what
a
person
is,
and
what
he/she
can
be.”可知C项正确;根据第四段中的“The
genes
we
receive
from
our
parents
are
finite…”可知D项错误。故选C。
3.B 主旨大意题。本段的第一句“You
can
think
about
your
child’s
gifts
as
the
merging
colours
of
a
rainbow.”是主题句,所以本段主要讲要去发掘孩子的才能和天赋。故选B。
4.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要叙述了教育在一个人的成长过程中起着重要作用。最后一段点明了全文的主旨。故选B。
E
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇议论文。我们可以用手机和电脑做很多事,但是我们如何用手机和电脑更好地认识和理解其他国家的人呢?英国一家慈善组织在2004年2月份在非洲开始的一个项目可以给我们一些启发。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“As
we
all
know,
it
is
beneficial
for
teenagers
to
have
more
knowledge
and
understand
the
world
better.”可知,掌握更多的知识和更好地理解这个世界对青少年有好处,所以我们应该鼓励他们这样做。故选B。
2.A 写作意图题。文章以“我们可以用手机和电脑做很多事,但是我们如何用手机和电脑更好地认识和了解其他国家的人呢?”为话题,在第三、四段着重介绍了“英国一家慈善组织在2004年2月份在非洲开始的一个项目”。故作者通过本文主要告诉我们这个项目是怎样进行的。故选A。
3.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要通过英国一家慈善组织在2004年2月份在非洲开始的一个项目说明了青少年除了用手机和电脑和朋友聊天、买东西、看电影外,还可以用互联网做很多有意义的事。现在,这个组织越来越庞大,世界各地的青少年都在参加。故选D。
F
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇说明文。华盛顿大学的研究人员就在线状态指示器进行了研究。他们发现在线状态指示器可以影响我们的行为。研究人员说将来的技术发展会改变人们使用在线状态指示器的方式。
1.C 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“The
answers
show
that…More
than
half
of
the
participants
reported…Meanwhile,
over
half
reported
that…
And
43%
of
the
participants
mentioned…”可知,第四段主要说明了研究人员的研究发现。故选C。
2.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“That
means
people
are
choosing
to
go
online
not
because
they
want
to
do
something
there
but
because
it’s
important
that
their
status
indicator
is
projecting
the
right
thing
at
the
right
time.”可知,有时人们上线是为了表明他们在做正确的事情。故选D。
3.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了华盛顿大学的研究人员对在线状态指示器研究的结果。他们发现在线状态指示器可以影响我们的行为。故选C。阅读理解(二) 建议类
A
Though
being
a
parent
has
never
been
easy,
the
Internet
hasn’t
made
the
job
any
easier.
Just
how
seriously
are
parents
taking
their
role
of
monitoring(监控)
their
children’s
online
behavior?
A
new
study
from
the
Digital
Future
Project
finds
a
sharp
difference
in
parental
ways
of
Internet
supervision(监督).
70%
of
parents
say
they
monitor
their
kids’
online
activity
while
on
Facebook
and
other
social
media
sites.
In
contrast,
30%
of
parents
don’t
step
in
kids’
online
life
because
they
trust
their
kids,
don’t
want
to
show
a
lack
of
trust,
don’t
know
how
to
use
social
media
sites
or
don’t
have
time
to.
Such
a
divide
is
due
to
the
fact
that
parents
fall
in
multiple
generations
with
many
different
types
of
parenting
styles.
Many
parents
take
a
wide
range
of
actions
to
monitor
and
police
their
teen’s
online
behavior.
Nearly
six-in-ten
parents
say
they
often
or
sometimes
check
which
websites
their
teen
visits.
46%
have
password
to
log
in
their
children’s
social
media
accounts.
In
order
to
combat
unsafe
websites
surfing,
some
parents
even
download
software
such
as
Spectorsoft,
which
blocks,
records
and
alerts
parents
by
monitoring
kids’
Internet
use.
However,
parenting
expert
Gwenn
Schurgin
O’Keeffe,
CEO
of
a
parenting
website
PediatricsNow.com,
advises
against
using
such
software
as
Spectorsoft
unless
it’s
a
unique
situation.“You
do
things
because
you
love
your
kids
and
you
want
to
protect
them,”
she
says.
“But
kids
aren’t
these
evil(邪恶的)
creatures.
Not
trusting
the
online
world
should
not
be
your
only
consideration.”
With
growing
concerns,
great
efforts
have
been
made
globally
to
ensure
Internet
safety
and
quality
for
youngsters.
The
US
government
updated
COPPA(the
Child
Online
Privacy
Protection
Act)
to
increase
protection
for
children’s
private
information.
Europe
has
not
only
given
people
“the
right
to
be
forgotten”
on
social
media
sites,
allowing
them
to
wipe
their
browsing
history
clean,
but
has
also
limited
companies’
access(进入)
to
personal
information.“I
like
the
idea,”
a
user
of
PediatricsNow.com
says.
“Kids
and
teenagers
are
just
experimenting.
Until
they
hurt
other
people,
they
should
be
free
to
be
a
kid
and
learn
about
life.”
Despite
these
efforts,
government
regulations(规章)
are
having
a
hard
time
keeping
up
as
new
websites
pop
up
every
day.
Therefore,
parents
still
have
to
step
up
and
recognize
they
need
to
be
involved
in
their
kids’
lives
and
find
that
happy
medium.
They
have
to
stop
being
so
disbelieving
and
give
kids
chances
and
the
benefit
of
the
doubt.
1.What
does
the
study
from
the
Digital
Future
Project
find?
A.It
is
hard
to
control
children’s
online
behavior.
B.Parents
are
divided
on
monitoring
kids’
Internet
use.
C.There
is
a
large
generation
gap
between
parents
and
kids.
D.Parents
who
monitor
kids’
online
activity
don’t
trust
their
kids.
2.The
word
“combat”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
means“ ”.?
A.give
up
B.carry
out
C.fight
against
D.join
in
3.O’Keeffe
advises
against
using
software
such
as
Spectorsoft
because
.?
A.parents
need
to
think
more
than
the
danger
of
the
Internet
B.children
can
surf
the
Internet
without
parents’
help
C.different
people
have
different
parenting
styles
D.such
software
is
useless
in
a
special
situation
4.The
writer
probably
agrees
that
.?
A.COPPA
is
helpful
for
collecting
kids’
private
information
B.enough
space
is
needed
for
kids
to
experience
the
online
life
C.allowing
kids
to
clean
webpage
records
may
hide
the
truth
D.governments
play
a
major
role
in
protecting
children’s
online
safety
B [2020·西城二模]
Everybody
hates
that
feeling
when
you
spend
three
weeks
reading
a
book,
and
a
month
later
somebody
asks
you
about
it
and
you
can’t
remember
a
thing
you
read.
It
makes
you
wonder
why
you
wasted
a
couple
of
hours
on
the
words
that
didn’t
stick.
There
are
some
effective
ways
to
learn.
And
when
I
say
“to
learn
effectively”,
what
I
mean
is
to
not
just
build
up
knowledge,
but
to
be
able
to
apply(应用)
that
knowledge
effectively
at
some
point
in
the
future.
By
this
definition,
most
of
the
courses
people
spend
money
on
are
not
learning.
Something
is
not
truly
learned
until
it
changes
you
in
some
way.
1.
Memory
is
based
on
relevance(相关性)
One
of
my
favorite
online
book
clubs
is
Mentor
Box.
What’s
cool
about
the
club
is
that
not
only
do
they
send
you
books
to
read,
but
they
send
you
study
materials
related
to
them.
The
study
materials,
instead
of
being
like
school,
where
it
asks
you
to
repeat
information
in
the
book
to
help
memorize
it,
are
designed
to
help
you
apply
the
lessons
to
various
areas
of
your
life.
That’s
because
memory
works
based
on
relevance.
We
only
remember
what
our
brain
has
considered
important
to
our
own
lives.
If
you
don’t
find
a
way
to
make
it
relevant
to
you
and
your
well-being
in
some
way,
your
brain
will
conveniently
forget
it.
You
can
do
this
on
your
own.
When
you
come
across
something
interesting
in
a
book,
write
down
its
application
or
relevance
to
something
in
your
life—how
you
can
use
the
idea,
how
it
explains
something
in
your
past,
how
it
can
help
with
your
problems,
etc.
2.
Reading
does
not
have
to
be
linear
People
believe
they
have
to
read
everything,
line
by
line,
one
after
another.
This
is
not
only
not
true,
but
it’s
often
a
waste
of
time
and
energy.
When
you
buy
a
book,
you’re
not
buying
the
words,
you’re
buying
the
useful
ideas.
The
point
of
a
book
is
to
gather
the
information
that
is
relevant
and
important
to
you,
not
to
finish
it
or
to
understand
every
word.
What
matters
is
the
principle
or
key
idea.
Once
you’ve
received
that
principle
or
idea,
there’s
no
reason
to
feel
obligated
to
sit
there
and
read
the
rest.
3.
Think
critically
and
ask
the
right
questions
Everything
you
read
should
be
questioned.
You
should
question
the
writer’s
biases(偏见),
whether
they’re
explaining
information
correctly,
whether
they’re
overlooking
something.
When
reading
something
I
agree
with,
I’ll
ask
myself,“Is
it
possible
that
this
could
be
wrong?”
Everything
should
be
taken
with
a
grain
of
salt,
for
the
simple
reason
that
almost
everything
is
largely
uncertain.
And
it’s
the
ability
to
manage
those
uncertainties
effectively
that
will
determine
the
depth
of
your
knowledge
and
understanding,
not
the
ability
to
memorize
a
lot
of
facts
and
numbers.
1.According
to
the
writer,
effective
learning
.?
A.is
a
practical
method
to
have
good
feelings
B.helps
you
explain
and
remember
difficult
words
C.happens
when
knowledge
changes
you
in
some
way
D.is
the
main
goal
of
the
courses
people
spend
money
on
2.What
does
the
writer
suggest
when
we
learn
something
new?
A.Read
line
by
line
to
receive
useful
ideas.
B.Repeat
and
rethink
information
to
deepen
our
memory.
C.Build
connections
between
books
and
our
personal
life.
D.Keep
asking
questions
to
understand
the
writer’s
opinions.
3.The
underlined
word“obligated”probably
means
“ ”.?
A.worried
B.forced
C.relaxed
D.interested
4.Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title?
A.How
to
Become
a
Better
Learner
B.How
to
Memorize
Things
Effectively
C.Ways
of
Building
Relevance
in
Your
Life
D.The
Importance
of
Asking
the
Right
Questions
C
Here
are
two
methods
that
people
use
to
make
choices.
One
method
is
to
compare
the
options(可选择的物品)
with
each
other
and
choose
the
best
one.
The
other
is
to
evaluate
each
option
individually
and
then
pick
the
best
one.
Experts
are
more
likely
to
evaluate
the
options
individually,
while
ordinary
people
tend
to
compare
the
options.
Researches
show
that
it
is
easier
for
people
to
make
choices
when
they
are
being
compared.
Imagine
buying
a
new
dictionary.
You
find
out
that
a
particular
dictionary
has
50,000
words
in
it.
Suppose,
though,
that
you
find
out
that
another
dictionary
only
has
25,000
words
in
it.
Now,
you
know
that
50,000
words
is
a
good
number
for
a
dictionary
to
have.
New
research
shows
that
when
people
compare
options,
they
also
get
more
confident
in
their
judgments.
To
get
participants
in
their
studies
in
a
mindset
to
make
comparisons,
researchers
had
people
look
at
a
complex
picture
and
write
down
the
similarities
and
differences
between
two
halves
of
the
picture.
Other
participants
evaluated(评价)
the
picture
without
making
comparisons.
Previous
work
shows
that
this
technique
gets
people
to
make
comparisons
in
later
tasks.
After
that,participants
were
shown
descriptions
of
three
brands(品牌)
of
cell
phones
(labeled
Brands
A,
B
and
C).
They
had
a
chance
to
study
the
descriptions.
Later,
they
were
shown
fourteen
of
the
characteristics
they
had
seen
and
were
asked
whether
those
characteristics
belonged
to
Brand
B.
With
each
response,
participants
were
allowed
to
place
a
bet
between
0
and
10
dollars
based
on
how
confident
they
were
in
their
response.
The
higher
the
bet,
the
more
confident
the
people
were
that
they
knew
whether
the
characteristic
belonged
to
Brand
B.
People
who
were
put
in
a
mindset
to
make
comparisons
were
more
confident
in
their
judgments
about
the
characteristics
of
the
cell
phones
than
people
who
did
not
make
comparisons.
Despite
the
difference
in
confidence,the
people
who
made
comparisons
were
not
more
accurate
in
their
judgments
than
those
who
did
not
make
comparisons.
This
research
suggests
that
we
need
to
be
careful
when
making
decisions.
On
the
one
hand,
we
are
quite
likely
to
rely
on
comparing
the
options
in
order
to
make
a
choice.
On
the
other
hand,
those
comparisons
will
increase
our
feeling
of
confidence
in
the
decision.
So,
we
need
to
recognize
that
at
least
part
of
that
confidence
comes
from
the
way
the
choice
was
made.
1.Why
does
the
writer
mention
a
dictionary
in
Paragraph
2?
A.To
explain
a
truth.
B.To
draw
a
conclusion.
C.To
prove
the
writer’s
opinion.
D.To
raise
a
question.
2.The
underlined
word
“mindset”
in
Paragraph
3
means
“ ”.?
A.change
B.relationship
C.thought
D.decision
3.The
participants
who
evaluated
the
picture
by
making
comparisons
.?
A.preferred
Brand
B
B.placed
a
higher
bet
C.gave
a
quicker
answer
D.made
more
choices
4.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.Evaluation
Decides
Option
B.Compare
the
Options
C.Decision
Roots
in
Judgment
D.Comparison
Creates
Confidence
D [2020·海淀、大兴二模]
Your
comfort
zone
is
a
place,
activity,
situation
or
psychological
state
in
which
you
feel
free
from
anxiety
and
things
are
within
your
ability
or
control.
But
stepping
out
of
it
also
has
positive
results.
When
you
break
free
and
try
new
things,
you’ll
be
more
productive
and
get
more
unexpected
changes.
That’s
because
by
living
outside
your
comfort
zone
when
you
choose
to,
you
can
experience
uncertainty
in
a
controlled,
manageable
environment,
which
can
prepare
you
for
future
life
changes
that
force
you
out
of
it.
Besides,
as
you
step
out
of
your
comfort
zone,
productive
discomfort
becomes
more
normal
to
you,
and
you’ll
be
willing
to
push
further
before
your
performance
falls
off.
Here
are
some
ways
to
break
out
of
your
comfort
zone
without
going
too
far:
Do
everyday
things
differently.
Ride
your
bike
instead
of
taking
the
bus
to
school.
Try
a
different
diet.
Use
a
new
operating
system.
Don’t
be
upset
if
things
don’t
work
out
the
way
you
planned.
Break
the
activity
down
into
small
steps.
If
you’re
frightened
or
overwhelmed(难以承受的)
by
the
challenge
you’ve
picked
for
yourself,
don’t
do
it
at
once.
You
can
make
it
a
multi-step
process
that
will
let
you
slowly
climb
that
mountain.
Trust
yourself
and
make
snap
decisions.
Perhaps
you
are
more
comfortable
weighing
all
of
the
possible
choices
several
times,
but
sometimes
making
a
snap
call
is,
in
order,
just
to
get
things
moving.
Doing
so
can
help
you
kick-start
your
personal
projects
and
teach
you
to
trust
your
judgment.
Yet,
with
all
its
possible
benefits,
you
can’t
live
outside
of
your
comfort
zone
all
the
time.
You
need
to
come
back
from
time
to
time
to
review
your
experiences.
Take
time
to
reflect
on
your
experiences
so
you
can
apply
the
benefits
you’ve
got
to
your
day-to-day
activities.
Your
comfort
zone
is
neither
a
good
or
bad
thing.
It’s
a
natural
state
that
most
people
trend
towards(倾向于).
Leaving
it
means
increased
risk
and
anxiety,
which
can
have
positive
and
negative
results.
But
don’t
demonize(妖魔化)your
comfort
zone
as
something
holding
you
back.
We
all
need
that
headspace
where
we’re
least
anxious
and
stressed
so
we
can
process
the
benefits
we
get
when
we
leave
it.
1.The
word
“snap”in
Paragraph
6
probably
means
“ ”.?
A.quick
B.clear
C.balanced
D.thoughtful
2.Which
might
be
the
best
example
of
breaking
out
of
your
comfort
zone
without
going
too
far?
A.You
went
shopping
when
you
were
bored
or
upset.
B.You
decided
to
watch
a
movie
before
the
final
exam.
C.You
tried
on
all
the
shirts
in
a
store
to
find
the
one
you
wanted.
D.You
walked
to
school
today
although
you
prefer
riding
your
bike.
3.The
writer
probably
agrees
that
.?
A.experiencing
uncertainty
in
a
controlled
way
has
negative
effects
B.making
a
change
to
our
routine
helps
to
increase
our
productivity
C.reducing
stress
and
risk
is
what
we
need
to
bring
out
the
best
in
us
D.breaking
activities
down
into
small
steps
leads
to
greater
achievements
4.What
is
the
writer’s
main
purpose
in
writing
this
passage?
A.To
explain
the
reasons
to
step
out
of
the
comfort
zone.
B.To
advise
people
to
treat
the
comfort
zone
in
a
proper
way.
C.To
introduce
some
ways
of
improving
day-to-day
performance.
D.To
stress
the
importance
of
dealing
with
uncomfortable
moments.
E
If
you
go
shopping
in
any
toy
store,
you
can
see
clearly
the
different
games
and
toys
for
boys
and
girls:
there
are
a
lot
of
pink
toys
on
one
side
of
the
store
for
girls;
and
dark-colored
cars,
guns,
and
soldiers
for
boys.
Some
big
stores
with
toys
may
even
have
a
pink
floor
for
girls
and
a
blue
floor
for
boys.
In
fact,
it
is
difficult
to
buy
a
toy
for
a
girl
that
is
not
pink.
Some
people
think
that
too
much
pink
is
bad
for
girls.
Sue
Palmer,
writer
of
Toxic
Childhood,
is
very
worried
that
most
girls
over
the
age
of
three
are
captivated
about
the
color.
According
to
some
scientists,
this
happens
for
two
reasons.
Firstly,
most
companies
offer
too
many
products
in
pink.
Also,
many
parents
think
their
little
daughter
looks
cute
in
pink.
Sue
Palmer
says
that
girls
at
this
age
cannot
make
proper
decisions
by
themselves,
but
pink
can
affect(影响)
the
choices
and
the
decisions
they
will
make
in
the
future.
Some
parents
are
worried,
too,
for
example,
Vanessa
Holburn,
thirty-two,
who
has
two
girls
under
the
age
of
four.
Their
bedrooms
are
a
sea
of
pink
and
Vanessa
is
not
happy.“Pink
says
that
you
are
soft
and
gentle.
Blue
says
that
you
are
strong
and
powerful.
I
want
my
daughters
to
be
strong
and
powerful.
I’m
worried
that
pink
will
not
help
them
with
that,”
she
says.
But
not
everyone
thinks
there’s
something
wrong
with
pink.
Grayson
Turner
is
a
father
of
three
girls
and
he
isn’t
worried
at
all.“People
forget
that
things
change
all
the
time,”
he
says.“My
girls
used
to
love
pink
when
they
were
little,
but
as
they
got
older,
they
changed.”Turner
explains
that
his
twelve-year-old
daughter
never
wears
pink
clothes
anymore.
“This
love
of
pink
is
just
a
fashion
and
all
fashions
change,”
he
adds.“It’s
only
since
the
1940s
that
people
have
started
dressing
girls
in
pink—before
that
it
was
a
color
for
boys.”
1.Which
of
the
following
best
shows
the
structure
of
the
passage?
2.The
underlined
phrase“are
captivated
about”in
Paragraph
2
probably
means
“ ”.?
A.are
afraid
of
B.are
tired
of
C.are
crazy
about
D.are
nervous
about
3.According
to
Grayson
Turner,
.?
A.all
little
kids
love
the
color
pink
B.his
girls
now
prefer
the
color
blue
C.pink
has
always
been
a
color
for
girls
D.parents
needn’t
worry
about
pink
toys
4.The
purpose
of
this
passage
is
to
.?
A.explain
why
girls
are
crazy
about
the
color
pink
B.make
parents
less
worried
about
the
color
pink
C.encourage
girls
to
give
up
playing
with
pink
toys
D.show
people’s
different
opinions
about
the
color
pink
F [2020·通州一模]
Can
We
Learn
More
by
Trusting
than
by
Not
Trusting?
Most
of
us
have
been
burned
by
misplaced
trust.
These
experiences
lead
us
to
believe
that
people
are
too
trusting.
But
in
fact,
we
don’t
trust
enough.
A
survey
about
trust
in
the
United
States
has
found
that
interpersonal
trust,
a
measure(测量)
of
whether
people
think
others
are
in
general
trustworthy,
is
at
its
lowest
in
nearly
50
years.
If
people
are
more
trustworthy,
why
don’t
we
trust
more?
When
you
trust
someone,
you
end
up
working
out
whether
your
trust
is
justified(证明……合理)
or
not.
A
child
next
door
asks
if
he
can
visit
your
place.
If
you
accept,
you
will
find
out
whether
or
not
he’s
a
good
neighbor.
A
classmate
advises
you
to
adopt
a
new
reading
method.
If
you
follow
the
advice,
you
will
find
out
whether
the
new
method
works
better
than
the
one
you
were
used
to.
However,
when
you
don’t
trust
someone,
you
never
find
out
whether
you
should
trust
him.
If
you
don’t
invite
the
child
over,
you
won’t
know
whether
he
would
have
made
a
good
neighbor
or
not.
If
you
don’t
follow
your
classmate’s
advice,
you
won’t
know
if
the
new
method
is
in
fact
superior.
This
information
means
that
we
learn
more
by
trusting
than
by
not
trusting.
Moreover,
when
we
trust,
we
learn
not
only
about
specific
persons,
but
we
learn
more
generally
about
the
type
of
situations
in
which
we
should
or
shouldn’t
trust.
We
get
better
at
trusting.
When
our
trust
is
disappointing,
the
costs
are
visible(明显的),
and
our
reaction(反应)
changes
from
trouble
all
the
way
to
hopelessness.
The
benefit
what
we’ve
learnt
from
our
mistake
is
easy
to
overlook.
However,
the
costs
of
not
trusting
someone
we
could
have
trusted
are
invisible.
We
won’t
know
about
the
friendship
we
could
have
built
if
we
don’t
let
that
child
go
into
our
place.
We
won’t
realise
how
useful
some
advice
would
have
been
if
we
don’t
use
our
classmate’s
tip
about
the
new
reading
method.
Giving
people
a
chance
isn’t
only
the
moral(道德的)
thing
to
do.
It’s
also
the
smart
thing
to
do.
1.The
writer
mentions
the
survey
about
trust
in
the
United
States
in
Paragraph
2
to
show
that
.?
A.Americans
are
popular
B.the
measure
is
unbelievable
C.interpersonal
trust
is
important
D.people
are
short
of
enough
trust
2.We
can
to
make
us
get
better
at
trusting.?
A.try
to
refuse
other
people’s
help
B.change
our
feelings
of
disappointment
C.find
out
the
balance
between
trust
and
mistrust
D.make
a
smart
decision
and
give
people
a
chance
3.What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
A.The
friendship
between
friends
is
trustworthy.
B.The
costs
of
mistaken
mistrust
are
largely
hidden.
C.We
can
get
more
from
not
trusting
than
from
trusting.
D.It
is
unlikely
that
people
are
less
trustworthy
than
before.
4.What
is
the
writer’s
main
purpose?
A.To
stress
we
should
trust
other
people
more.
B.To
question
all
the
experiences
of
misplaced
trust.
C.To
introduce
some
of
the
trust
that
can
bring
us
benefits.
D.To
discuss
which
situation
we
should
or
shouldn’t
trust
in.
【参考答案】
A
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇议论文。父母对孩子网上行为的监控不同:有的父母采取多种行动监控、管制孩子的网上行为;有的父母则对孩子的网上行为不进行干涉。专家认为,父母应该相信孩子,给孩子足够的空间来体验网络世界。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A
new
study
from
the
Digital
Future
Project
finds
a
sharp
difference
in
parental
ways
of
Internet
supervision.”及下文中的“70%
of
parents”“30%
of
parents”“Such
a
divide
is
due
to
the
fact
that
parents
fall
in
multiple
generations
with
many
different
types
of
parenting
styles.”可知,来自Digital
Future
Project的研究发现,在孩子使用网络监控方面,父母的做法不同。故选B。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“unsafe
websites
surfing,
some
parents
even
download
software
such
as
Spectorsoft,
which
blocks,
records
and
alerts
parents
by
monitoring
kids’
Internet
use.”可知,父母下载能够向父母报告孩子的网络使用的软件是为了与不安全的网站作斗争。combat战斗,与……搏斗。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Not
trusting
the
online
world
should
not
be
your
only
consideration.”可知,O’Keeffe不建议使用Spectorsoft这类软件的原因是和网络的危险比起来,父母需要考虑更多的东西。故选A。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore,
parents
still
have
to
step
up
and
recognize
they
need
to
be
involved
in
their
kids’
lives
and
find
that
happy
medium.
They
have
to
stop
being
so
disbelieving
and
give
kids
chances
and
the
benefit
of
the
doubt.”可知,应该给孩子足够的空间来体验网络世界。故选B。
B
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了如何成为一名好的学习者,并给出了三种方法。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…what
I
mean
is
to
not
just
build
up
knowledge,
but
to
be
able
to
apply
that
knowledge
effectively
at
some
point
in
the
future…Something
is
not
truly
learned
until
it
changes
you
in
some
way.”可知,有效学习发生在知识在某种程度上改变你的时候。故选C。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“…write
down
its
application
or
relevance
to
something
in
your
life—how
you
can
use
the
idea,
how
it
explains
something
in
your
past,
how
it
can
help
with
your
problems,
etc.”可知,作者建议我们将书本与我们的生活联系起来。故选C。
3.B 词义猜测题。根据此段中的“The
point
of
a
book
is…What
matters
is
the
principle
or
key
idea.”可知,当我们找到了这本书的核心的时候,我们就没有必要读剩下的内容了。forced意为“被迫的;不得已的”,与句子意思相符。故选B。
4.A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了如何成为一个好的学习者。故选A。
C
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了我们做选择的时候要小心,一方面我们可能依赖于对比观点;另一方面,这些比较将会提高我们对选择的信心。
1.C 推理判断题。
根据第二段中的“Researches
show
that
it
is
easier
for
people
to
make
choices
when
they
are
being
compared.”可知,当选择正被比较时,人们更容易作出选择。接下来列举的买新字典的例子就是为了证明这一观点。故选C。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的句子“researchers
had
people
look
at
a
complex
picture
and
write
down
the
similarities
and
differences
between
two
halves
of
the
picture”可推知画线词所在句意为“为了使他们的研究中的参与者用一种心态来作比较”,故“mindset”意为“心态;思想”。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“…participants
were
allowed
to
place
a
bet
between
0
and
10
dollars
based
on
how
confident
they
were
in
their
response.The
higher
the
bet,
the
more
confident
the
people
were
that
they
knew
whether
the
characteristic
belonged
to
Brand
B.”可知,赌注越大,这些人对于这个特性是否属于品牌B就越自信。由此可知,通过比较来评价图画的参与者下的赌注更大。故选B。
4.D 主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了我们做选择的时候要小心,一方面我们可能依赖于对比观点;另一方面,这些比较将会提高我们对选择的信心。故D选项“比较创造自信”为该文章的最佳标题。
D
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇议论文。我们对待舒适区要有正确的态度和方法。文章主要介绍了走出舒适区的积极影响以及如何能够在不走得太远的情况下突破自己的舒适区。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“Perhaps
you
are
more
comfortable
weighing
all
of
the
possible
choices
several
times,
but
sometimes
making
a
snap
call
is,
in
order,
just
to
get
things
moving.
Doing
so
can
help
you
kick-start
your
personal
projects
and
teach
you
to
trust
your
judgment.”可知,要相信自己,快速做决定。snap快速的。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段“Do
everyday
things
differently.
Ride
your
bike
instead
of
taking
the
bus
to
school.
Try
a
different
diet.
Use
a
new
operating
system.
Don’t
be
upset
if
things
don’t
work
out
the
way
you
planned.”可知,要想打破你的舒适区而不走太远,你可以选择步行上学,虽然你更喜欢骑自行车。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第二段“When
you
break
free
and
try
new
things,
you’ll
be
more
productive
and
get
more
unexpected
changes.
That’s
because
by
living
outside
your
comfort
zone
when
you
choose
to,
you
can
experience
uncertainty
in
a
controlled,
manageable
environment,
which
can
prepare
you
for
future
life
changes
that
force
you
out
of
it.
Besides,
as
you
step
out
of
your
comfort
zone,
productive
discomfort
becomes
more
normal
to
you,
and
you’ll
be
willing
to
push
further
before
your
performance
falls
off.”可知,改变我们的日常生活有助于提高我们的效率。故选B。
4.B 写作意图题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了对待舒适区要有正确的态度和方法,所以作者写这篇短文的目的是建议人们正确对待舒适区。故选B。
E
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇议论文,论述了人们对粉红色给女孩带来影响的不同观点。
1.B 篇章结构题。通读全文可知,第一段引出了话题——女孩们的玩具大都是粉红色的;第二、三段介绍了人们的担忧;最后一段论述了认为粉红色对女孩成长并没有害处的观点。故选B。
2.C 词义猜测题。本段的主题句是“Some
people
think
that
too
much
pink
is
bad
for
girls.”,又根据画线短语前的“is
very
worried
that”和画线短语后的“the
color”可推知,此处是指这位作家很担心女孩子们会对粉红色非常狂热。故选C。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Grayson
Turner
is
a
father
of
three
girls
and
he
isn’t
worried
at
all.
‘People
forget
that
things
change
all
the
time,’
he
says.
‘My
girls
used
to
love
pink
when
they
were
little,
but
as
they
got
older,
they
changed.’”可知,Grayson
Turner
认为家长们不用担心粉红色的玩具会对孩子有什么影响。故选D。
4.D 写作意图题。通读全文可知,作者论述了人们对于粉红色给女孩带来影响的不同看法。故选D。
F
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇议论文。美国的一项调查发现人们之间的信任感是近50年中最低的。文章通过一些例子说明我们通过信任可以学到更多。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But
in
fact,we
don’t
trust
enough.”和“…interpersonal
trust…is
at
its
lowest
in
nearly
50
years.”可知,作者提到该项调查是为了表明人们之间缺乏足够的信任。故选D。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的两个例子和第七段中的“We
won’t
know
about
the
friendship
we
could
have
built
if
we
don’t
let
that
child
go
into
our
place.
We
won’t
realise
how
useful
some
advice
would
have
been
if
we
don’t
use
our
classmate’s
tip
about
the
new
reading
method.”、第八段“Giving
people
a
chance
isn’t
only
the
moral
thing
to
do.
It’s
also
the
smart
thing
to
do.”可知,我们可以做明智的决定并给他人机会,使我们更好地信任别人。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“However,
the
costs
of
not
trusting
someone
we
could
have
trusted
are
invisible.”可知,误解他人的代价是看不到的。故选B。
4.A 写作意图题。美国的一项调查发现人们之间的信任感是近50年中最低的。文章通过举例说明我们通过信任可以学到更多。所以作者写本文是为了强调我们应该多信任他人。故选A。阅读理解(一) 故事类
A
Make
Your
Own
Money
It’s
holiday
time,
while
it’s
the
great
time
to
make
some
money.
Some
US
teenagers
use
their
imagination
and
skills
to
get
more
money.
New
York
tennis
player
Antonio
Rivera,
15,
serves
as
a
hitter
or
practice
partner
for
players
who
want
to
improve
their
skills.
“You
might
think,‘Why
would
a
parent
want
to
hire(雇佣)
me
when
there
are
more
professional
tennis
teachers?’”
Rivera
said.
“But
as
a
teen,
I
can
offer
my
lessons
for
less
money
and
give
a
more
personal
experience.”
Many
teens
turn
their
extracurricular(课外的)
activities
into
money-making
businesses.
“If
you’re
good
at
something—sports,
arts,
math,
science,
English,
computer
software
or
languages,
you
can
trade
that
for
money,”
Rivera
said.
Harlan
Feet,
17,
of
New
York,
is
a
good
example.
He
makes
money
by
getting
rid
of(消除)
computer
viruses(病毒)
and
maintaining(维护)
social
media
accounts
on
sites
like
Facebook,
Twitter,
or
Instagram.
He
also
takes
photos
of
products
and
posts
them
online
for
people
who
sell
goods
through
online
stores.
“Today’s
kids
have
grown
up
with
skills
that
many
adults
don’t
like
to
spend
time
learning,”
said
Feet,
laughing.
“That
just
means
money
for
me.”
For
example,
he’s
found
a
way
to
make
money
by
helping
families
scan(扫描)
old
photos
and
save
digital
versions(数字版本)
of
the
pictures.
If
you
have
artistic
skills,
there’s
a
market
for
you,
too.
Texan
Shyla
Boehm,
17,
makes
and
sells
handmade
things
such
as
small
bags
and
greeting
cards.
Boehm
has
set
up
a
shop
online
and
offers
her
skills
online.
1.How
does
Rivera
make
money?
A.By
being
a
tennis
teacher.
B.By
posting
photos
online.
C.By
selling
handmade
items.
D.By
cleaning
people’s
computers.
2.From
the
story,
we
know
Feet
is
good
at
.?
A.sports
B.science
C.computers
D.languages
3.What
is
the
story
about?
A.What
US
teenagers
usually
do
on
vacation.
B.How
US
teenagers
make
money
on
holidays.
C.How
US
teenagers
make
plans
for
their
future.
D.Why
US
teenagers
should
make
their
own
money.
B [2020·石景山一模]
The
Day
People
Started
Talking
My
journey
home
from
school
is
nothing
special.
I
usually
find
a
seat
and
start
reading
or
texting
my
friends,
making
sure,
like
everyone
else,
not
to
look
at
other
people.
Then,
twenty
minutes
later,
I
get
off.
But
last
Tuesday
was
different.
I
was
happily
looking
out
of
the
window
when
the
train
suddenly
stopped.
This
wasn’t
usual.
Then
after
about
five
minutes,
I
noticed
people
were
starting
to
get
a
bit
upset.
Fifteen
minutes
later,
people
started
getting
more
and
more
upset.
Then
the
announcement(广播)
came:“We
are
sorry
to
announce
that
this
train
is
delayed.
A
train
has
broken
down
in
front
of
us.”
There
was
a
loud
groan(叹息)
throughout
the
carriage
but
soon
something
unexpected
happened:
all
the
complete
strangers
started
talking
to
each
other.
At
first,
everyone
just
complained
about
the
trains,
but
then
people
started
talking
about
real
things.
I
started
chatting
to
a
couple
of
young
tourists
sitting
opposite
me.
Next,
I
really
surprised
myself
by
talking
to
a
businesswoman.
Business
people
are
a
lot
cooler
than
I
thought.
Then
I
decided
to
get
up
and
go
for
a
walk
down
the
train.
I
met
a
woman
who
had
been
a
student
at
my
school
seven
years
before.
People
offered
each
other
food
and
drink.
A
young
woman
took
her
guitar
and
soon
we
were
singing
along.
While
we
were
singing,
we
heard
there
was
a
sick
boy
in
another
part
of
the
train
who
needed
help,
and
the
woman
from
my
school
jumped
into
action.
It
turned
out
she
was
a
nurse,
and
when
she
came
back
she
was
welcomed
as
a
hero.
Then,
after
two
and
a
half
hours,
we
started
moving
again.
Everyone
cheered
and
some
people,
complete
strangers
three
hours
before,
even
hugged.
I
took
the
train
again
on
Wednesday
but
none
of
my
new
“friends”
were
there.
Although
people
were
polite,
they
weren’t
nearly
as
friendly
as
the
people
the
day
before
had
been.
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
the
train
stopped
and
people
started
talking.
1.What
happened
after
the
announcement?
A.People
got
upset
and
started
texting
their
friends.
B.The
children
started
playing
with
their
phones.
C.The
workers
started
offering
food
and
drink.
D.People
started
talking
to
each
other.
2.The
woman
from
the
writer’s
school
jumped
into
action
to
.
?
A.play
the
guitar
and
sing
B.help
a
sick
boy
on
the
train
C.go
for
a
walk
down
the
train
D.get
off
and
take
another
train
3.The
writer
will
never
forget
last
Tuesday
because
.
?
A.strangers
on
the
train
were
friendly
to
each
other
B.a
nurse
saved
a
boy’s
life
on
the
train
just
in
time
C.he
learned
something
new
about
business
people
D.it
was
a
good
opportunity
to
make
new
friends
C
Katy’s
Book
Report
It
was
Monday
afternoon.
Pointing
to
the
blackboard,
Mr.
Hayes
reminded
his
students,“You
should
hand
in
your
book
report
next
Monday.”
Katy
said
in
a
low
voice,
“I
haven’t
started
yet.”
Tom
looked
surprised,
“I’ve
already
finished
reading
mine.”
“We
still
have
a
whole
week,”
Katy
said.“There’s
plenty
of
time.
I
will
start
reading
it
tonight
right
after
the
soccer
practice.”
But
Katy
was
too
tired
to
read
after
the
soccer
practice.“I’ll
start
the
book
tomorrow,”
she
told
herself.
Tuesday
came.
Katy
watched
TV
for
a
few
hours,
and
then
worked
on
her
coin
collection
until
bedtime.“It’s
too
late
to
read
now,”
Katy
decided.
“Tomorrow,
I’ll
start
it
for
sure.”
On
Wednesday,
Tom
warned
her
not
to
leave
things
until
the
last
minute.
“It’s
not
the
last
minute,”
Katy
told
him.
“I
still
have
four
whole
days
left.”
Unfortunately,
she
had
to
clean
up
her
messy
room
first.
Then,
she
was
too
tired
to
read.
So
Katy
put
off
starting
her
book
until
Thursday.
Katy
finally
began
reading
her
book
on
Thursday.
It
was
so
hard
that
she
had
read
only
a
few
pages
by
bedtime.
On
Friday
night,
Katy
gave
up
watching
her
favorite
video,
for
she
had
to
read
her
book.
Then
on
Saturday
morning,
she
went
on
reading
it.
“At
least
I
have
the
whole
weekend,”
she
thought.
However,
she
forgot
her
soccer
game!
So
she
lost
several
hours
to
read,
which
made
her
even
more
worried.
Katy
read
for
the
rest
of
Saturday,
and
she
thought
to
herself,
“I
wish
I’d
started
it
earlier,
like
Tom!”
Katy
finally
finished
reading
her
book
on
Sunday
morning
and
stayed
up
writing
her
book
report
until
midnight.
She
looked
tired
and
nervous,
thinking
to
herself,
“I
think
this
project
has
taught
me
an
important
lesson.”
1.What
did
Mr.
Hayes
remind
his
students
to
work
on?
A.A
video
game.
B.A
soccer
practice.
C.A
book
report.
D.A
coin
collection.
2.How
did
Katy
feel
after
the
soccer
game
on
Saturday?
A.Bored.
B.Worried.
C.Shocked.
D.Disappointed.
3.What
lesson
has
Katy
got
from
the
project?
A.She
should
read
more
books.
B.She
should
learn
more
writing
skills.
C.She
shouldn’t
compare
herself
with
others.
D.She
shouldn’t
leave
her
work
to
the
last
minute.
D [2020·平谷一模]
Two
good
friends,
Sam
and
Jason,
had
a
car
accident
on
their
way
home
one
snowy
night.
The
next
morning,
Sam
woke
up
blind.
His
legs
were
broken.
The
doctor,
Mr.Lee,
was
standing
by
his
bed,
looking
at
him
worriedly.
When
he
saw
Sam
awake,
he
asked,
“How
are
you
feeling,
Sam?”
Sam
smiled
and
said,
“Not
bad,
Doctor.
Thank
you
very
much
for
doing
the
special
operation(手术).”
Mr.Lee
was
moved
by
Sam.
When
he
was
leaving,
Sam
said,
“Please
don’t
tell
Jason
about
it.”
“Well…Well…OK,”
Mr.Lee
replied.
Months
later
when
Jason’s
wounds
healed(愈合),
Sam
was
still
very
sick.
He
couldn’t
see
or
walk.
He
could
do
nothing
but
stay
in
his
wheelchair
all
day
long.
At
first,
Jason
stayed
with
him
for
a
few
days.
But
days
later,
Jason
thought
it
boring
to
spend
time
with
a
disabled
man
like
Sam.
So
he
went
to
see
Sam
less
and
less.
He
made
new
friends.
From
then
on,
he
didn’t
go
to
visit
Sam
any
more.
Sam
didn’t
have
any
family
or
friends
except
Jason.
He
felt
very
sad.
Things
went
from
bad
to
worse.
Sam
died
a
year
later.
When
Jason
came,
Mr.Lee
gave
him
a
letter
from
Sam.
In
the
letter
Sam
said,
“Dear
Jason,
I
am
disabled.
But
I
want
you
to
be
a
healthy
man.
So
I
gave
my
eyes
to
you
so
that
you
can
enjoy
life
as
a
healthy
man.
Now
you
have
new
friends.
I’m
glad
to
see
that
you
are
as
healthy
and
happy
as
usual.
I’m
glad
you
live
a
happy
life.
You
are
always
my
best
friend…Sam.”
When
he
finished
reading
the
letter,
Mr.Lee
said,
“I
have
promised
that
I
will
keep
this
a
secret
until
Sam
is
gone.
Now
you
know
it.”
Jason
stood
there
like
a
stone.
Tears
ran
down
his
face.
1.The
car
accident
happened
.?
A.on
one
snowy
morning
B.when
it
snowed
one
night
C.on
their
way
to
school
D.when
they
went
to
work
2.Sam
thanked
Mr.Lee
mainly
because
Mr.Lee
.?
A.saved
his
friend
Jason’s
life
B.was
very
kind
and
friendly
to
him
C.came
to
see
him
early
in
the
morning
D.did
the
operation
according
to
his
wish
3.From
the
story,
we
can
conclude
that
.?
A.Sam
played
a
joke
on
Jason
B.Sam
always
told
lies
to
his
friends
C.Sam
thought
friendship
was
important
D.Sam
regretted
doing
the
operation
in
the
end
E
One
Bite
at
a
Time
One
summer
day
when
I
was
heading
for
the
teaching
building,
I
met
Philip,
one
of
my
colleagues(同事),
who
worked
in
the
same
office
with
me.
Beside
him
stood
another
young
man.
Philip
introduced
me
to
the
young
man,
named
Stephen.He
told
me
that
Stephen
would
take
one
of
my
classes
Introduction
to
American
History.
Stephen
asked
if
my
class
was
going
to
be
hard.
I
felt
he
was
worried
about
failing
before
the
opening
day
of
classes.
We
talked
about
what
the
class
would
cover
and
I
saw
Stephen’s
eyes
getting
big
with
fear.
Then
I
remembered
a
classical
dialogue:
Question:
“How
do
you
eat
an
elephant?”
Answer:
“One
bite
at
a
time.”
I
told
him
to
deal
with
his
work
that
way—to
do
all
his
assignments(作业)
and
to
hand
them
in
on
time.
I
added
that
most
successful
students
I
knew
made
a
timetable
in
order
to
plan
their
study
well.
As
time
went
on,
I
learned
more
of
Stephen’s
story.
He
had
difficulty
in
study
when
he
was
in
the
middle
school.
Family
members,
including
his
mother,
kept
telling
him
that
he
was
a
failure.
He
told
me
that
before
coming
to
our
college
no
one
had
believed
he
had
much
potential(潜力).
Stephen
didn’t
become
an
“A”
student.
Still,
he
managed
to
pass
most
of
his
courses
by
being
in
class
every
day,
turning
in
all
of
his
assignments
on
time
and
breaking
down
his
studying
into
bite-sized
parts.
By
passing
course
after
course
he
began
to
build
up
bit
of
self-respect.
Every
time
I
saw
him,
he
would
brighten
up
and
say,
“One
bite
at
a
time.”
He
told
his
friends
that
he
was
succeeding
when
he
was
supposed
to
be
failing.
His
secret,
he
said,
was
that
he
was
practising
what
I
taught
him
before
classes
ever
started:“Take
it
one
bite
at
a
time.”
1.What
is
the
relationship
between
the
writer
and
Stephen?
A.Father
and
son.
B.Teacher
and
student.
C.Classmates.
D.Colleagues.
2.To
plan
their
study
well,
most
successful
students
.?
A.made
a
timetable
B.chose
many
courses
C.asked
teachers
questions
D.took
notes
carefully
3.Stephen’s
story
mainly
tells
us
that
.?
A.it
is
hard
to
pass
courses
in
college
B.we
all
need
good
luck
to
make
a
success
C.bad
things
can
turn
out
to
be
good
sometimes
D.taking
one
bite
at
a
time
can
help
students
succeed
F
Years
ago,
we
were
asked
to
create
a
newspaper
in
groups
about
world
culture
in
our
history
class.
We
first
wrote
the
names
of
three
friends
we
wanted
in
our
group.
Unluckily,
Mrs.
Bartlett,
our
teacher,
didn’t
put
me
in
the
group
with
any
of
my
friends.
Instead,
I
was
with
Mauro,
who
never
spoke
English,
Juliette,
who
always
wore
thick
glasses
and
Rachel,
who
wore
strange
clothes.
I
had
never
talked
to
them.
Oh,
how
badly
I
wanted
to
be
with
my
friends!
I
was
so
sad
that
I
walked
up
to
Mrs.
Bartlett.“I
know
what
you
want,
Karina,”
she
gently
patted
me
on
my
shoulder,
“but
your
group
needs
a
leader.
I
need
you
to
help
them
get
a
passing
grade
on
this
project.
Only
you
can
make
it.”
I
was
shocked.
“Will
you
help
them?”
she
asked.
“Yes,”
I
replied.
I
couldn’t
believe
it
came
out
of
my
mouth,
but
it
did.
I
bravely
walked
to
my
group
and
started
our
project.
We
had
different
tasks
according
to
our
interests.
Gradually,
I
felt
myself
enjoying
their
company.
I
found
out
Mauro
was
struggling
with
English.
Behind
Juliette’s
thick
glasses
were
her
sparkling
eyes.
Rachel
was
so
creative
that
she
wanted
to
be
a
fashion
designer.
I
realized
that
they
were
not
strange;
they
were
just
people
that
no
one
cared
enough
for—except
Mrs.
Bartlett.
Her
thoughtfulness
brought
out
the
best
in
the
four
of
us.
I
learned
something
that
week.
I
was
given
a
chance
to
see
other
people
in
a
new
light.
I
learned
that
who
we
are
is
more
important
than
what
we
are
or
seem
to
be.
Mrs.
Bartlett
gave
us
an
A
on
that
project,
but
we
thought
we
should
have
handed
it
right
back,
for
she
was
the
one
who
truly
deserved
it.
1.Karina
badly
wanted
to
be
with
her
friends
because
she
thought
.?
A.her
friends
took
great
interest
in
history
B.her
group
mates
knew
little
about
world
culture
C.it
would
be
easy
for
her
friends
to
create
newspapers
D.it
would
be
hard
to
communicate
with
her
group
mates
2.What
can
we
learn
about
Karina’s
group?
A.Juliette
didn’t
like
her
thick
glasses.
B.Mauro
had
trouble
in
speaking
in
public.
C.Karina
was
made
the
leader
of
her
group.
D.Rachel
wanted
to
be
a
pop
star
in
the
future.
3.From
the
story,
we
know
Mrs.
Bartlett
is
.?
A.thoughtful
B.creative
C.honest
D.strict
【参考答案】
A
1—3 ACB
B
1—3 DBA
C
1—3 CBD
D
1—3 BDC
E
1—3 BAD
F
1—3 DCA阅读理解(三) 介绍类
A
It
Is
Never
Too
Early
to
Think—and
Communicate—like
a
Scientist
Who
is
a
scientist
and
what
is
his
job?
A
chemist
doing
experiments?
A
geologist
out
studying
rocks?
When
most
people
think
about
science,
they
imagine
characters
making
discoveries
or
finding
cures(治疗方法)
for
new
diseases.
However,
these
leave
out
an
extremely
important
part
of
the
scientific
process:
communicating—sharing
the
results
of
that
work.
Imagine
if
someone
discovered
something
important
about
a
disease.
Other
scientists
need
to
understand
the
work
well
enough
to
use
these
new
developments
to
make
even
more
discoveries
in
the
future.
The
public,
too,
needs
to
understand
how
these
discoveries
might
influence
their
lives.
But
none
of
these
will
be
possible
if
the
work
is
not
shared.
Being
a
scientist
goes
far
beyond
the
moment
of
discovery.
Without
clear
communication,
scientists
would
not
be
able
to
use
the
work
that
has
already
been
done.
So
how
do
scientists
tell
others
about
the
work
that
they
have
done?
How
do
they
make
sure
that
everything
that
they
share
is
as
clear
and
correct
as
possible?
Researchers
publish
their
work
in
scientific
journals
(期刊).
These
journals
can
be
read
by
other
researchers
around
the
world.
It
is
very
important
for
these
journals,
and
for
the
scientists
who
read
them,
to
make
sure
that
the
research
included
is
as
correct
as
possible.
In
order
to
do
that,
articles
given
to
scientific
journals
before
publication
first
go
through
a
process
called
peer
review.
Other
scientists
who
do
research
in
areas
related
to
the
work
in
an
article
are
asked
to
read
through
it.
Scientists
also
provide
feedback
to
the
writers.
They
bring
up
new
questions
the
writer
may
not
have
considered,
recognize
limitations
to
the
results
being
described,
and
also
make
sure
that
no
mistakes
were
made
during
the
process.
Frontiers
for
Young
Minds
is
a
scientific
journal,
written
for—and
reviewed
by—young
people.
All
of
the
articles
in
it
are
based
on
works
already
published
in
a
peer
reviewed
scientific
journal.
However,
while
scientists
are
good
at
making
sure
that
articles
are
understandable
for
other
scientists,
there
are
no
better
experts
to
make
sure
that
something
can
be
understood
by
young
people
than
the
young
people
themselves.
By
working
together
with
an
expert,
young
reviewers
read
the
article
to
see
if
any
part
of
the
article
is
hard
to
understand,
make
it
clear
why
the
experiment
was
done
in
the
way
it
was
done,
and
check
whether
the
figures
(数据)
clearly
explain
the
point
of
the
article.
Basically,
these
young
reviewers
learn
to
think
like
scientists.
It
is
never
too
early
to
start!
Ask
questions,
learn
new
things,
and
don’t
forget
the
importance
of
communicating
your
findings.
1.What
is
Paragraph
2
mainly
about?
A.What
is
required
to
be
a
good
scientist.
B.Who
should
understand
a
scientist’s
job.
C.Why
sharing
the
results
of
scientific
work
is
important.
D.How
scientists
make
sure
their
work
is
clear
and
correct.
2.From
the
passage
we
can
know
that
.?
A.scientists
are
good
at
working
together
with
others
B.young
people
usually
enjoy
reading
scientific
journals
C.in
peer
review,
other
scientists
bring
up
questions
to
readers
D.young
reviewers
help
make
articles
in
Frontiers
for
Young
Minds
more
readable
3.What
is
the
writer’s
main
purpose
in
writing
this
passage?
A.To
introduce
how
scientists
do
their
jobs.
B.To
offer
practical
advice
on
how
to
ask
scientific
questions.
C.To
explain
the
effects
of
peer
review
on
scientific
journals.
D.To
encourage
young
people
to
think
and
communicate
like
scientists.
B [2020·密云一模]
Some
people
think
the
pen
is
small,
needless
to
say.
They
think
the
pen
isn’t
useful,
especially
in
the
modern
life.
But
what
are
you
holding
in
your
hand
while
you
are
taking
the
examinations
in
your
classroom?
Right.
A
pen.
It
is
through
the
pen
that
our
messages
can
be
recorded
and
passed
on.
That
is
why
we
have
been
able
to
know
our
history.
The
pen
has
changed
the
history,
improved
the
trade
of
countries,
recorded
events,
carried
news,
and
done
far
more
work
for
human
beings
than
all
other
tools.
The
moment
our
pen
scratches
on
the
paper,
it
seems
as
if
our
thoughts
are
floating
like
a
boat,
traveling
on
an
unending
journey
around
a
much
more
colorful
world.
Progress
without
it
would
have
been
almost
impossible.
The
invention
of
the
wheel,
the
introduction
of
steam
engine,
the
use
of
electricity,
all
these
have
changed
the
lives
of
millions
of
people,
but
the
pen
has
done
more.
It
has
taken
away
mountains,
and
it
has
prepared
the
way
for
all
progress
and
development
of
the
society.
In
the
past
the
pen
did
all
the
work
if
people
wanted
to
keep
any
writing
for
some
time.
The
lawyers
took
up
their
pens
and
wrote
the
law
of
the
country
from
the
days
when
papyrus(纸莎草纸)
was
first
used.
The
most
famous
letters
in
the
world
were
written
with
a
pen.
It
was
with
a
pen
that
the
greatest
thinkers
of
all
time
wrote
down
their
thoughts.
The
pen
is
very
utilitarian.
We
cannot
sign
a
bill
or
write
a
letter
or
buy
a
house
without
our
pen.
An
agreement
is
worthless
till
our
name
is
written
with
a
pen.
The
writers
encourage
the
world
with
it.
The
students
take
their
examinations
with
it
as
well.
Our
coming
into
the
world
is
recorded
with
a
pen.
Before
we
have
been
at
school,
our
name
is
written
on
the
name
list
with
a
pen.
We
cannot
be
married
till
we
have
signed.
A
pen
records
the
important
events
in
our
life.
Let
us
remember
that
we
hold
in
our
hand
the
most
powerful
instrument
which
man
owns.
The
pen
is
a
magic
tool.
While
the
lazy
are
trying
hard
to
avoid
the
trouble
of
using
the
pen,
the
wise
can
hardly
wait
to
make
the
best
use
of
it
to
create
a
joyful
and
meaningful
life.
So
whenever
you
use
it,
please
enjoy
it.
1.What
is
the
writer
trying
to
do
in
this
passage?
A.Describe
what
a
pen
looks
like.
B.Introduce
the
history
of
the
pen.
C.Advise
people
to
prepare
a
pen.
D.Show
the
importance
of
the
pen.
2.The
word
“mountains”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
refers
to
“something
to
”.?
A.stop
the
social
development
B.prepare
for
the
social
progress
C.explain
the
use
of
electricity
D.change
the
social
lives
of
people
3.Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.A
Magic
Record
B.An
Important
Event
C.A
Powerful
Tool
D.An
Exciting
Invention
C
Have
you
ever
had
a
problem
you
couldn’t
solve?
Maybe
you
went
to
a
shop
to
look
for
a
solution,
but
came
home
empty-handed.
More
and
more,
when
this
situation
appears,
people
are
creating
their
own
devices(设备)
as
the
solution.
It’s
all
part
of
the
Maker
Movement,
made
up
of
thousands
of
resourceful
people
who
make
and
fix
things,
rather
than
buy
them
in
shops.
Makers
do
all
kinds
of
hands-on
projects,
from
building
pizza
oven(烤箱)
to
designing
their
own
drones.
For
makers,
the
do-it-yourself
way
is
more
affordable,
green
and
satisfying.
Thanks
to
technology,
it’s
easier
than
ever
to
turn
a
thought
into
reality.
Many
makers
use
the
same
tools,
just
in
different
ways.
For
example,
Arduino
allows
people
to
do
anything
from
creating
a
talking
clock
to
studying
DNA,
with
very
easy-to-use
and
free
hardware
(硬件)
and
software.
Raspberry
Pi
is
another
popular
maker
tool.
It
is
a
low
cost,
bank-card
sized
computer
that
connects
to
computers
or
TVs,
and
uses
a
standard
keyboard
and
mouse.
It
is
a
little
device
that
enables
people
of
all
ages
to
explore
computing.
This
minicomputer
is
as
powerful
as
some
full-sized
computers.
People
are
using
Raspberry
Pi
for
a
wide
variety
of
uses,
from
creating
video
games
to
powering
robots.
Another
key
piece
of
technology
for
makers
is
3-D
printers,
which
allow
a
normal
person
to
create
just
about
anything.
You
can
even
use
a
3-D
printer
to
build
your
own
3-D
printer!
The
availability
of
these
technologies
encourages
people
to
be
creative,
but
technology
is
only
one
part
of
the
Maker
Movement.
Collaboration—whether
online
or
in
person—is
just
as
important.
This
is
clear
from
the
growing
popularity
of
Maker
Faires,
events
where
people
come
together
to
experiment
in
the
areas
of
art,
science,
engineering
and
technology.
So,
do
you
have
what
it
takes
to
become
a
maker?
You
need
to
be
creative
and
willing
to
play
around
with
some
new
technologies.
You
should
also
want
to
share
your
ideas
with
others.
Perhaps
most
importantly,
you
can’t
be
afraid
of
failure.
Creators
hardly
ever
get
it
right
on
the
first
try.
Be
brave,
be
creative,
be
co-operative
and
have
fun!
1.What
can
we
infer
from
Paragraph
2?
A.Raspberry
Pi
helps
realise
makers’
ideas
more
easily
than
before.
B.Full-sized
computers
are
much
more
powerful
than
Arduino.
C.People
can
communicate
with
their
clocks
through
Arduino.
D.Many
free
video
games
can
be
created
with
Raspberry
Pi.
2.The
underlined
word
“Collaboration”
in
Paragraph
4
probably
means
“ ”.
?
A.Creating
solutions
B.Growing
quickly
C.Doing
experiments
D.Working
together
3.Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.Various
Tools-Using
B.Creative
Problem
Solving
C.Development
of
New
Technology
D.Inventions
with
High-tech
Devices
D [2020·大兴一模]
Travel
in
the
Future
These
days,
if
you
want
to
travel
from
New
York
to
Beijing,
the
flight
takes
about
16
hours.
You
also
have
to
wait
at
the
airport,
and
sometimes
you
have
to
transfer(换乘)
onto
a
different
airplane.
If
you
add
all
of
that
extra
time,
the
trip
takes
at
least
20
hours.
But
in
the
future,
the
trip
from
New
York
to
Beijing
might
only
take
two
hours.
Right
now,a
company
is
developing
something
called
ET3,
which
stands
for
“evacuated
tube(真空管)
transport
technology”.
Here’s
how
it
works.
A
tube
goes
all
the
way
from
New
York
to
Beijing.
The
tube
is
only
a
few
meters
wide.
Capsules(舱)
move
through
the
tube.
Six
people
can
sit
in
one
capsule.
The
capsules
use
electricity
instead
of
oil.
For
international
travel,the
capsules
can
travel
at
about
6,500
kilometers
per
hour.
That’s
much
faster
than
airplanes—most
modern
airplanes
usually
only
fly
at
about
800
kilometers
per
hour.
So
how
is
this
possible?
How
can
these
capsules
travel
so
fast?
The
answer
is
that
there
is
no
air
inside
the
tube.
When
airplanes
fly,
they
have
to
move
through
air.
The
air
slows
the
airplanes
down.
Because
there
isn’t
any
air
in
the
ET3
tubes,
the
capsules
are
able
to
move
at
a
very
high
speed.
Also,
the
capsules
are
quite
light.
Each
only
weighs
183
kilograms.
There
are
other
advantages
to
ET3.
Because
it
uses
electricity,
it’s
quite
clean.
Also,
it’s
a
lot
quieter
than
airplanes
and
cars.
Finally,
ET3
tubes
and
capsules
don’t
require
very
much
building
materials.
Of
course,ET3
doesn’t
come
into
use
yet.
The
technology
is
still
being
developed.
Developers
still
have
to
solve
a
lot
of
problems.
The
biggest
problem
is
that
right
now
ET3
would
be
far
too
expensive.
In
order
to
make
ET3
cheaper,we
will
need
much
better
technology.
It’s
exciting
to
think
how
ET3
will
change
the
travel
in
the
future.
Who
knows?
Maybe
someday
you’ll
be
able
to
have
lunch
in
New
York
and
dinner
in
Beijing.
1.According
to
the
passage,
an
ET3
looks
more
like
a
.?
A.spaceship
B.bus
C.plane
D.subway
train
2.ET3
travels
at
the
very
high
speed
because
.?
A.it
is
powered
by
electricity
and
oil
B.it
is
much
lighter
than
an
airplane
C.it
moves
through
a
tube
without
air
D.it
is
made
up
of
fewer
capsules
3.From
the
passage,
the
writer
expects
that
.?
A.modern
technology
will
be
used
in
airplanes
B.ET3
will
take
the
place
of
airplanes
some
day
C.less
money
will
be
spent
for
passengers
on
ET3
D.ET3
will
change
the
travel
in
the
future
greatly
E
When
you
think
of
robots,
what
is
the
first
thing
that
comes
to
mind?
Do
you
think
of
science
fiction
movies
like
Star
Wars,
where
robots
of
all
shapes
and
sizes
are
part
of
daily
life?
The
word
“robot”
itself
comes
from
a
play
written
in
1920
by
Karel
Capek.
In
the
play,
people
create
robots
to
do
some
everyday
tasks.
Today,
most
robots
don’t
look
human.
Modern
robots
take
many
forms
and
are
good
at
many
things,
from
sweeping
the
floors
in
your
home
to
working
in
factories.
They
are
even
exploring
the
surface
of
the
moon.
But
there
is
an
interesting
irony(讽刺)
in
the
world
of
robotics
which
describes
a
surprising
problem:
What
humans
find
easy
is
extremely
complicated
for
a
robot.
However,
what
humans
find
difficult
is
pretty
easy
for
a
robot.
For
example,
picking
up
clothes
in
a
messy
room
is
simple
for
people.
But
that
kind
of
chore
is
very
hard
for
a
robot.
Another
example
is
the
game
of
chess.
People
might
find
it
difficult
to
win
the
game
of
chess
all
the
time.
But
robots
like
Alpha-Go
can
be
programmed
to
play
it
very
well.
This
is
because
robots
are
very
good
at
doing
things
in
controlled
environments.
However,
moving
through
a
room
filled
with
random(随机的)
objects
is
hard
for
robots,
along
with
picking
up
objects
of
different
shapes
and
sizes
without
damaging
them.
In
short,
it
is
very
difficult
for
them
to
deal
with
certain
types
of
variables.
It
turns
out
that
one
of
the
most
difficult
things
to
improve
in
robots
is
their
ability
to
control
objects.
Luckily,
great
progress
is
being
made
in
the
development
of
robots.
On
the
one
hand,
exciting
developments
in
making
human-like
hands
and
legs
are
underway.
On
the
other
hand,
the
biggest
progress
might
result
from
using
virtual
learning(虚拟学习)
to“teach”robots
through
computer
simulations(模拟).
In
this
way,
robots
can
“guess”
what
to
do
without
an
order
when
they
meet
unfamiliar
things
in
the
real
world.
Soon,
robots
may
be
able
to
do
those
things
that
humans
find
simple.
That
means
big
changes
in
what
robots
can
do
and
how
they
can
help
us
with
daily
tasks.
Robots
might
make
movies
a
reality.
1.What’s
the
purpose
of
the
first
paragraph?
A.To
give
an
example.
B.To
present
the
topic.
C.To
explain
what
robots
are.
D.To
show
how
robots
develop.
2.According
to
the
passage,
what
might
be
difficult
for
robots?
A.Playing
chess.
B.Washing
the
dishes.
C.Making
cars
in
factories.
D.Gathering
up
clothes
in
a
mess.
3.What’s
the
writer’s
opinion
about
robots
in
the
future?
A.They
will
cause
further
problems
for
people.
B.They
will
deal
with
new
things
depending
on
orders.
C.They
can
hardly
develop
until
they
look
like
humans.
D.They
can
benefit
people
more
by
making
improvements.
F [2020·平谷一模]
Imagine
there
is
a
glass
on
a
table
in
front
of
you.
It
has
water
in
it
but
it
is
not
full.
How
do
you
describe
the
glass?“Half
full
or
half
empty?”
If
you
say
half
full,
you
might
be
an
optimist.
If
you
say
half
empty,
you
might
be
the
opposite—a
pessimist.
Optimism
and
pessimism
represent
your
general
attitude
toward
certain
situations
or
to
life
in
general.
And
your
attitude
about
life
may
be
more
important
to
living
than
you
think.
A
new
study
suggests
that
your
level
of
optimism
may
affect
your
health.
People
who
are
optimistic
may
live
longer
than
those
who
are
pessimistic.
Researchers
at
Harvard
University’s
School
of
Public
Health
in
Boston
did
the
study.
They
compared
women
with
“a
general
expectation
that
good
things
will
happen”
to
women
who
were
less
optimistic.
They
found
that
the
optimists
had
a
much
lower
risk
of
getting
several
deadly
diseases,
including
cancer,
heart
disease
and
certain
types
of
infection.
Eric
Kim
is
one
of
the
study
leaders.
He
says
there
is
increasing
evidence
that
strengthening
psychological(心理的)
resilience
may
help
prevent
disease.
Kim
says
that
these
new
findings
suggest
that
people
should
make
efforts
to
increase
their
resilience
and
optimism.
He
says
optimism
is
connected
with
healthier
behaviors
and
healthier
ways
of
dealing
with
difficulty.
Optimists
tend
to
take
better
care
of
themselves
by
exercising,
eating
healthy
foods
and
getting
enough
sleep.
However,
the
researchers
say
that
healthy
behaviors
of
optimistic
people
only
partly
explain
the
connection
with
reduced
risk
of
disease.
For
the
study,
researchers
looked
at
information
gathered
on
70,000
women
in
the
Nurse’s
Health
Study.
This
massive
study
began
in
1975.
It
collects
health
information
on
those
involved
in
the
study
every
two
years.
The
Harvard
researchers
looked
at
the
level
of
optimism
of
the
women,
as
well
as
other
factors
such
as
race,
diet,
physical
activity
level
and
overall
health.
They
found
the
most
optimistic
women
had
nearly
a
30
percent
lower
risk
of
dying
from
disease.
Kaitlin
Hagan,
another
study
leader,
says
earlier
studies
show
that
a
person
can
use
simple,
low-cost
methods
to
increase
optimism.
For
example,thinking
about
and
writing
down
the
best
possible
outcomes
for
areas
of
their
lives,
like
their
careers
or
relationships.
Leslie
Ralph,
a
clinical
psychologist
and
counselor,
has
several
ideas
about
how
to
increase
optimism.
She
says
each
night
you
might
plan
to
do
two
or
three
simple,
enjoyable
activities
the
next
day,
such
as
watching
the
sun
rise,
visiting
a
friend,
dancing
to
a
favorite
song
or
reading
a
story
with
your
child.
And
the
counselor
adds
offering
praise
or
support
to
someone
can
also
improve
your
own
outlook.
A
smile
and
“thank
you”
from
another
person
may
help
you
feel
more
optimistic.
1.What
do
we
know
from
the
passage?
A.Relations
lie
among
optimism,
pessimism
and
a
glass
of
water.
B.Good
expectations
increase
risk
of
dying
from
disease.
C.An
optimist
is
more
likely
to
live
healthily.
D.Supporting
someone
may
receive
praise
of
a
pessimist.
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
“resilience”
mean
in
Paragraph
6?
A.The
ability
to
recover
from
difficulty
or
change.
B.A
way
of
thinking
and
reacting
to
things.
C.Factors
that
influence
one’s
health.
D.The
ability
to
experience
the
sense
of
touching
body.
3.Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.To
Be
Optimistic
or
Pessimistic
B.To
Look
on
the
Bright
Side
or
the
Opposite
C.Increasing
Optimism
Keeps
You
More
Active
D.Looking
on
the
Bright
Side
Might
Help
You
Live
Longer
【参考答案】
A
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇说明文。科学家的工作并不像我们想象的那样只是单纯地进行科学发现或是为新的疾病找到治疗方法。分享研究结果是科学过程中的一个重要方面。科学家们是怎样告诉别人他们所做的工作呢?对年轻人来说,越早学会像科学家那样思考越好。
1.C 主旨大意题。通读第二段可知,本段主要讲述了分享科学研究结果的重要性。故选C。
2.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“By
working
together
with
an
expert,
young
reviewers
read
the
article
to
see
if
any
part
of
the
article
is
hard
to
understand,
make
it
clear
why
the
experiment
was
done
in
the
way
it
was
done,
and
check
whether
the
figures
clearly
explain
the
point
of
the
article.”可知,年轻评论家读杂志《前沿》少年版中的文章是为了使杂志中的文章更具有可读性。故选D。
3.D 写作意图题。根据文章标题“It
Is
Never
Too
Early
to
Think—and
Communicate—like
a
Scientist”和最后一段“Basically,
these
young
reviewers
learn
to
think
like
scientists.It
is
never
too
early
to
start!
Ask
questions,
learn
new
things,
and
don’t
forget
the
importance
of
communicating
your
findings.”可知,作者写本文的目的主要是鼓励年轻人像科学家一样思考和交流。故选D。
B
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了钢笔在人类生活中的重要作用。
1.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了钢笔在人类生活中的重要作用。故选D。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“…and
it
has
prepared
the
way
for
all
progress
and
development
of
the
society.”可推知,mountains指的是“阻碍社会发展的事物”。故选A。
3.C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了钢笔在人类生活中的重要作用,说明钢笔是一种强大的工具。故选C。
C
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍什么是创客运动,它受欢迎的原因,以及成为一名创客需要什么。
1.A 推理判断题。
根据第二段中的“People
are
using
Raspberry
Pi
for
a
wide
variety
of
uses,
from
creating
video
games
to
powering
robots.(人们正广泛使用Raspberry
Pi,从制作电子游戏到为机器人提供动力。)”可知,Raspberry
Pi比以前更容易帮助实现创客们的想法。故选A。
2.D 词义猜测题。
根据画线词后的“where
people
come
together
to
experiment
in
the
areas
of…”可推知,collaboration意为“协作”。故选D。
3.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍创客运动是人们根据自己的需求创造或改进物品,以便更好地解决问题。故B项“创造性地解决问题”为最佳标题。
D
1—3 DCD
E
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇科普文。机器人在不断发展中已经取得了很大的进步,但目前的机器人还有一些缺点,不能做一些人们认为简单的事情。在未来,通过改良后机器人能更好地帮助人们工作。
1.B 写作意图题。通读全文可知,第一段引出全文讨论的主题——机器人。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What
humans
find
easy
is
extremely
complicated
for
a
robot.”及“For
example,
picking
up
clothes
in
a
messy
room
is
simple
for
people.
But
that
kind
of
chore
is
very
hard
for
a
robot.”可知,在一个乱糟糟的房间里收拾衣服对机器人来说很难。故选D。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为在未来,改良后的机器人能更好地帮助人们工作。故选D。
F
[主旨大意]
本文是一篇说明文。科学研究表明,乐观的人会比悲观的人活得更久、更健康,所以我们要努力乐观地生活。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第四段“A
new
study
suggests
that
your
level
of
optimism
may
affect
your
health.
People
who
are
optimistic
may
live
longer
than
those
who
are
pessimistic.”及第五段中的“They
found
that
the
optimists
had
a
much
lower
risk
of
getting
several
deadly
diseases,
including
cancer,
heart
disease
and
certain
types
of
infection.”
可知,乐观主义者更有可能健康地生活。故选C。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“may
help
prevent
disease”可推知,resilience指的是“从困难或改变中恢复的能力”。故选A。
3.D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,科学研究表明,乐观的人比悲观的人活得更久、更健康,所以我们要努力乐观地生活。故用D项作标题最合适。
