中考英语二轮专题复习---动词与动词短语课件（49张PPT）

第27讲　动词及动词短语
1.All roads lead to Rome.
2.Love me love my dog.
3. Cut your coat according to your cloth.
4.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.
5. Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.
量体裁衣。
爱屋及乌。
条条大路通罗马。
今日事今日毕。
不经灾难不知福。
个人信息
1.个人资料：姓名，年龄，出生日期，出生地点，电话号码，家庭地址，电子邮件，身份证等。
2.家人资料：姓名，年龄，关系等。
3.学校资料：学校，年级，班级，老师等。
4.资料的使用：填写表格和书面申请等。
5.工作与职业：工人，教师，医生，农民，司机，公务员等。
动词是用来描述主语的动作、行为或状态的词，在句子中作谓语，是句子不可或缺的部分，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。英语中的动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现出动作发生的时间和状态（时态）、主语发出动作还是被动接受动作（语态）和说话者的口气、情感等（语气）。
动词及动词短语（2019年各地中考卷出现10个左右，高频）
考查内容：动词辨析
动词短语
情态动词
系动词
考查题型：完形填空
词汇运用
语法填空
（三单，过去式，现在分词，过去分词，转化为名词，形容词）
（同类动词、同一动词不同词形、同一动词不同介词/副词）
2.I am going to ___a new hobby like swimming.
A.take off B. take up C . take in D.take down
3.The food is free .You don’t have to ____it
A . look for B. pay for C . ask for D. wait for
1.Mom is making dinner.It ____so nice ！
A. smells B. tastes C. feels D.sounds
6、My sister is a ______(dance),she likes dancing
very much.
5、We all like the teachers whose classes are
interesting and_________ (create) .?
4、Most?science?books?are?_______(write)
?in?English.
动词分类
1.实义动词
2.系动词
3.助动词
4.情态动词
及物动词
不及物动词
Be 动词,感官动词（taste,
smell, feel, sound, look)等
do ,does ,did ,have ,has等
can ,may,must ,need等
及物动词和不及物动词
能跟宾语的动词称为及物动词:
accept, celebrate, cover, enjoy, educate, explain, invent, foget…
不能跟宾语的动词称为不及物动词，主要的不及物动词有：
listen,agree, arrive, come, dance, die, disappear, run, sit,walk…
大多数动词即可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，纯不及物动词很少。
延续性动词与瞬间动词
延续性动词又称持续性动词，表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态。主要有：
drink, eat, fly, have, keep, know, lie, live, play, rain, run, sing, sleep
瞬间动词又称非延续性动词、终止性动词，表示行为或过程是瞬间完成的。主要有：
arrive, begin, borrow, come, close, open, die, join, marry, start, buy, leave
动词的形式
大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
A)第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，其变化规则与名词单数变复数的方法大体相同。具体见下表：
规则变化
动词
原形
第三人称
单数形式
及读音
一般动词在词尾加?s；?s在清辅音后读/s/，?s在浊辅音和元音后读/z/。
work
grow
works/s/
grows/z/
以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词加?es；?es读/ Iz/，o后的?es读/z/。
fix
catch
push
go
kiss
fixes/Iz/
catches/Iz/
pushes/Iz/
goes/z/
kisses/Iz/
以字母e结尾的动词，直接加?s；?s读/z/或/s/。
ride
like
rides/z/
likes/s/
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，改y为i，再加?es；?ies读/Iz/。
study
carry
studies/Iz/
carries/Iz/
以“元音字母＋y”结尾的动词，直接加?s；?s读/z/。
play
say
plays/z/
says/z/
不规则变化的有have→has等。
B)现在分词的构成
规则变化
动词
原形
现在分词
一般在动词后加?ing。
help work
helping working
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e再加?ing。
write move
writing moving
以y结尾的动词，直接加?ing。
play study
playing studying
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加?ing。
put sit
run cut
get begin
drop stop
putting sitting
running cutting
getting beginning
dropping stopping
以ie结尾的动词，一般将ie改为y，再加?ing。
lie die tie
lying dying tying
C)过去式和过去分词的构成
规则变化
动词
原形
过去式、过去
分词及其读音
一般在动词词尾加?ed；?ed在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音和元音后读/d/，在t/d后读/Id/。
ask
answer
want
need
asked－asked/t/
answered－answered/d/
wanted－wanted/Id/
needed－needed/Id/
以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加?d；?d在浊辅音和元音后读/d/，在清辅音后读/t/。
love
dance
loved－loved/d/
danced－danced/t/
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加?ed；?ied读/Id/。
worry
study
worried－worried/Id/
studied－studied/Id/
以“元音字母＋y”结尾的动词，直接加?ed；?ed读/d/。
play
stay
played－played/d/
stayed－stayed/d/
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加?ed；?ed在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音和元音后读/d/，在t/d后读/Id/。
stop
plan
drop
prefer
regret
stopped－stopped/t/
planned－planned/d/
dropped－dropped/t/
preferred－preferred/d/
regretted—regretted /Id/
1．The temperature (下降) a lot last night.
2．I have no problem (爬) the mountain，which is not too high.
3．Alice (跟随) the white rabbit and fell down a hole in the ground.
4．China (许诺) to stick to Paris Agreement on climate change.
5．My father always (鼓励) me to try different things.
6．I am used to (live) in the countryside.It's so quiet and the air is very fresh.
dropped
climbing
followed
promises
encourages
living
7．Rome was not (build) in a day，so you should work hard to make progress.
8．He (tell) his parents about the camping several times and they agreed at last.
9．I have (open) up my mind by reading English newspapers.
10．The boy is so naughty，but he (behave) very well in classes.
built
told
opened
behaves

系动词
表示“好像”
表示“…..起来”
表示“”保持
含义
be动词
系动词又叫连系动词，不能直接作谓语，后面常跟形容词作表语，构成系表结构表达完整的意义。
seem
feel
sound
look
smell
taste
get
become
turn
grow
keep、stay、remain
am、is、are、was、were、been、being
系动词
系动词三大特征
后跟形容词
没有进行时
没有被动语态
助动词
助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数的特性。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：
助动词
功能
例句
be
现在进行时
I am reading a book.我正在看一本书。
过去进行时
I was cooking when my mum came back.当我妈妈回来的时候我正在做饭。
构成被
动语态
The book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
do
构成疑问句、
否定句
Do you come from Japan？你来自日本吗？
加强语气
Do be careful！小心点！
代替主要动词
He could dance as well as he did before.他舞跳得和从前一样好。
构成否定
祈使句
Don't smoke here！不要在这里吸烟！
have
构成
完成时
I have been in Hong Kong for two days.我已经在香港待了两天。
will/
shall
构成一般将来
时：will/shall＋
v.(would/
should＋v.)
He will go to America tomorrow.
他明天将要去美国。
11．The white scarf I bought yesterday is made of silk.It so soft.
12．My parents give me a present unless I pass the final exam.
13．I don't like drinking coffee with much sugar，because it too sweet.
14．I told a funny joke to Mark，but he quite serious.
15．Listen！The birds singing in the tree.
feels
won't
tastes
looked
are
情态动词
A)情态动词的构成与用法
?
基本用法
表推测的用法
can
①表示能力，有“能”“会”“能够”的含义。
如：Can you drive a car?
②征求许可，意为“可以”，多用于口语中。(＝may，但没有may正式。)
如：Can I use your bike?
③could是can的过去式，语气比can更加委婉。
④常考句型及回答：—Can I...?
—Yes，you can./—No，you can't.
①表疑问的推测，意为“也许”(20%～80%的可能性)。如：Can it be true?
②表否定的推测，意为“不可能”(语气强烈)。
如：Mr Green can't be at school.
may
①表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。
如：May I use your computer?
②might是may的过去式，表请求、许可时语气更加客气、委婉。
③常考句型及回答：—May I...?
—Yes，you may/please.
/—No，you can't/mustn't/had('d) better not.
①表示可能的推测，同can(20%～80%的可能性)。
如：You may be right.
②表示否定的推测，意为“可能不”，语气不确定。
如：It may not be my pen.
will
①表将来或现在的习惯。
如：He will come this afternoon.
②表征求意见，用于第二人称，如：Will you help me?
③would是will的过去式。表征求意见，语气比will委婉。
如：Would you mind my smoking here？
表示推测，用于第三人称。
如：—Somebody
is coming upstairs.
—That will be
Mary.
must
①表示义务，意为“必须”。
②否定结构mustn't，表示“禁止”。如：You mustn't smoke here.
③常考句型及回答：—Must I...?
—Yes，you must.
/—No，you needn't/don't have to.
只表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”(100%的可能性)。
如：He must be ill.He looks pale.
need
①作情态动词，意为“需要”。其否定式为：needn't“不必”。
如：She need go there right now.
②还可用作实义动词，意为“需要，必需”，常用：need＋n./to do sth.。
如：She needs some food and fruit.
We need to repair the road now.
shall
①用于第一、三人称，表示征求意见或建议。
如：Shall we go out for lunch?
②常考句型及回答：—Shall I/we...?
—Of course./Sounds great.
/—Sorry，I'm afraid I can't./I'd love(like) to，but...?
should
①表示义务、责任，意为“应当”。
如：You should pay for your taxes.
②用于各种人称，表示征求别人的意见或提出建议。
如：You should finish your work first，Jim.?
had
better
意为“最好”，没有人称和数的变化。
You'd better go there by bus.你最好乘公共汽车去那儿。
had
better
not
最好不要。
You had better not smoke.It's bad for your health.你最好不要吸烟。它对你的健康有害。
B)常考易混辨析
1．can/could与be able to
?can/could只能表示现在和过去的能力，be able to能用于各种时态。
如：Sam can speak English well.萨姆英语说得好。
Jim couldn't speak Chinese last year，but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语，但现在他会了。
?was/were able to表示“设法做成某事”，相当于manage to do sth.。
如：I haven't been able to get in touch with her.我还没能和她联系上。
2．must与have to
have to 意为“不得不”，有人称和数的变化。它与must的区别是：
?have to多表示客观必要；must强调“内在的职责、义务”，强调人的主观看法；
?have to可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别为：had to与shall/will have to；
?have to的否定式表示“不需要”，而mustn't则表示“禁止、不允许”。
根据句意用适当的情态动词填空。
16．To keep children safe，we put the things like knives and medicine away in our house.
17．—Mum，I've signed for the box.What's in it?
—I'm not sure.It be a present from your uncle.
18．In some countries，people download(下载) music from the Internet without paying，because it's against the law.
should
may
mustn't
19．All the drivers reduce speed when driving near the zebra crossing.
20．This pair of glasses be Tom's.He's the only one who wears glasses.
21．I have travelled a lot.I speak four languages.
22．—Is that red hat Mrs Brown's?
—It be hers.She hates that colour.
must
must
can
can't
动词短语
动词短语
概
念
动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成固定词组后，在意义上和原来的动词不同，这种动词词组叫动词短语。
动词＋介
词(后需
加宾语)
①arrive in/at到达 ②ask for要求
③begin with以……开始 ④be from从……来
⑤be about大约 ⑥believe in相信
⑦depend on依靠 ⑧get to到达
⑨look for寻找 ⑩laugh at嘲笑
?send for派人去请 ?wait for等待
动词
＋
副词
及物动词＋副词(后需加宾语，宾语为代词时放中间)。
①carry out执行 ②find out查明
③hand in上交 ④look up查找
⑤pick up捡起
⑥ring up给……打电话
⑦set up建立 ⑧think about 考虑
不及物动词短语(后不加宾语)
①grow up成长 ②show off炫耀
③set off/out出发 ④stand up起立
⑤wake up醒来
动词＋副词＋介词(后需加宾语)
①get on/along with与……相处
②catch up with赶上；跟上
③come up to走近
④look down upon/on看不起
动词＋名词＋介词(后需加宾语)
①make fun of取笑
②make use of利用
③make friends with和……交朋友
④shake hands with和……握手
⑤pay attention to 注意
常用动词短语归纳
look
①look for寻找 ②look after照顾
③look over查看 ④look forward to盼望；向往
⑤look at看着 ⑥look up抬头看；查(字典)
⑦look out当心 ⑧look out of从……往外看
⑨look like看起来像
⑩look the same看起来一样
?look through透过……看；浏览
put
①put off推迟　　 ②put on穿上；上演；增加
③put away把……收起来　④put out扑灭
⑤put down写下 ⑥put back放回
⑦put up举起；建造；张贴?
turn
①turn on打开 ②turn off关掉
③turn up调高(音量) ④turn down调低(音量)；拒绝
⑤turn to朝向 ⑥turn into变成
⑦turn...into... 把……变成……
get
①get on/along(well) with与某人相处(融洽)
②get up起床　　 ③get on上车(船、飞机、马)
④get off下车(船、飞机、马)
⑤get back回去 ⑥get back to回到
⑦get away离开；逃脱 ⑧get down下来
⑨get home到家 ⑩get into进入；陷入
?get out (of) (从……)出去
?get to到达 ?get together聚会?
take
①take off(飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服)
②take away拿走 ③take out取出
④take pride in... 对……感到自豪
⑤take up 开始；占据 ⑥take care of照料?
go
①go over温习；复习 ②go into走进
③go out出去；熄灭 ④go away走开
⑤go back回去；回顾 ⑥go by(时间)流逝；从旁经过
⑦go down下降；下沉 ⑧go on继续
⑨go through经历?
常用动词短语归纳
make
①make a decision做决定
②make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
③make a mistake犯错误
④make progress取得进步
⑤make friends with与……交朋友
⑥make up编造；虚构；打扮；构成；组成
⑦make a face做鬼脸
give
①give off放出；发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)
②give out停止运转；累倒；耗尽；用完；分发
③give away泄露；赠送
come
①come along出现；进展 ②come in进来
③come into进入 ④come out出来；出版
⑤come down下来 ⑥come from来自
⑦come back回来 ⑧come over过来
be
①be popular with受……欢迎 ②be strict with对某人严格
③be famous/known for因……著名 ④be surprised at对……惊讶
⑤be pleased with对……满意
⑥be polite/impolite to对……有礼貌/不礼貌
⑦be thankful/grateful to对……感激 ⑧be busy with忙于 ⑨be full of/filled with装满；充满 ⑩be covered with用……覆盖
?be proud of 为……感到骄傲 ?be ready to 准备做……
23．I promised her to (照料) her child during her business trip.
24．You'd better not (熬夜) late for your favourite TV plays.Enough sleep is necessary for your health.
25．The best way of (处理) the problem is by asking the teacher for help.
26．It took them about five hours to (扑灭) the fire.Although the house was destroyed，nobody was hurt.
look after/take care of/care for
stay up
dealing with
put out
27．—When will your new book (出版)？I can't wait to read it.
28．—Could you tell me where the fitting room is？I need to (试穿) this pair of pants.
—Sure.Over there.
29．—Do you know who (拿走) my dictionary？I can't find it.
—Sorry，I don't know，either.I was out just now.
come out
try on
took away
30．People along the river didn't allow them (建立) a factory there in order to protect the water.
31．—What are you doing over there?
—I’m (挂) a photo of our family on the wall.
32．This bus doesn't go to the train station.I'm afraid you'll have to
(下车) at the library and take the A30.
to set up
putting up
get off
How Did You Ever Get Here
One winter morning，an employee explained why he had shown up for work 45 minutes late.“It was so slippery out that for every step I took ahead，I slipped back two.”
The boss eyed him suspiciously，“Oh，yeah? Then how did you ever get here？”
“I finally gave up，” he said，“and started for home.”
你是怎么到这儿的？
一个冬天的早晨，一名雇员解释他为什么迟到了四十五分钟才来上班。“外面太滑了。我每向前迈一步，就要向后退两步。”
老板狐疑地看着他。“噢，是吗？那你是怎么到这儿来的？”
“后来我决定放弃。”他说。“然后我就往家里走。”