江苏省南通市某名校2021届高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（无听力材料及音频）
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| 名称 | 江苏省南通市某名校2021届高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（无听力材料及音频） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-12-03 16:34:20 | ||
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第二部分 阅读理解
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The world’s oceans are some of the most interesting and breathtaking places on the entire planet. A lot of these oceans have witnessed a variety of disappearances and other mysteries, most of which cannot and have not been explained by modern science. Here are some interesting unsolved sea mysteries of the world.
USS Scorpion
In February 1969, the USS Scorpion, an American submarine, departed from Norfolk, Virginia, on its way towards the Mediterranean. The crew had almost a decade of experience, and yet the sub disappeared and broke into pieces on the sea floor. There were 99 men aboard the sub, all of whom lost their lives.
Baltic Sea Sub
In the later half of 2014, a mysterious vessel（大船）was spotted by Swedish citizens, many of whom described it as a Russian submarine, in the Baltic Sea. The military spent much time in investigating, but found no sign of the mysterious sub. The search was named “the hunt for Reds in October.”
Bermeja Island
During the 1970s, Bermeja Island served as a bit of a marker for Mexico and their economic zone. Around 20 years later, the island disappeared without any sign. Along with the island, numerous important documents about major oil reserves also went missing.
Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck
In 2001, ExxonMobil was laying pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico when they ran into a shipwreck around 2,600 feet under the surface. Upon exploring the shipwreck, archaeologists believed it to be a terrible spell（魔法，妖术）, as something would constantly go wrong when they went down to explore.
SS Edmund Fitzgerald
Lake Superior is so large that it behaves like an inland ocean, including terrific storms. In November 1975, one such storm struck the vessel SS Edmund Fitzgerald, which was headed to Detroit. The Fitzgerald disappeared after communications were lost. A week later, a sonar（声呐）ship found the vessel 500 feet under the water. Not one body was found, though.
21. Why does the author think of USS Scorpion as a mystery?
A. Because 99 men died aboard the sub.
B. Because it lost its way towards the Mediterranean.
C. Because the sub still sank even with experienced crew.
D. Because there is no information of the unknown sub.
22. What do Baltic Sea Sub and Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck have in common?
A. Both are highly put a bad spell on.
B. Both the names of the vessels are unknown.
C. Both are found on the beaches.
D. Both are said to be Russian vessels.
23. Which mystery is different from the others?
A. SS Edmund Fitzgerald B. Bermeja Island
C. Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck D. USS Scorpion
B
“New and improved. “These words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren’t an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, “New Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better?” analyzed the issue. The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017:152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25% offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58% had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
“This doesn’t mean there’s no added benefit, “lead author Wissler said. “It just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough. “Wissler and her co-authors work for a German institute which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country’s health care system should pay a premium(补贴)for them. Such organizations, known as health technology assessment(HTA) agencies, work a little differently in the US, says Sean Tunisia researcher in Baltimore: “If payers think a new drug isn’t better than an existing drug, these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.”
Germany’s HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn’t always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wissler’s paper. With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarket studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs—a step too often neglected.
24. What message does the recent report convey?
A. Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B. Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
C. Before 2017 no improvement was made to drugs.
D. The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
25. What will US HTA agencies do when no advantage is found in new drugs?
A. Get hospitals to use the cheaper drugs.
B. Remove government premium on them.
C. Arrange financial support for the patients.
D. Put new drugs on further trials and studies.
26. What’s the disadvantage of Germany’s HTA trial demands?
A. Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
B. Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
C. Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
D. Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
C
At the end of the last ice age, around 11,700 years ago, Earth’s climate began warming rapidly. As the planet heated up, its vast glaciers(冰川) fell back. Almost immediately afterwards volcanic activity surged. That was nothing new. The geological record has plenty of evidence of big glacial withdrawals that are followed by more frequent volcanic eruptions.
This, at least, is the case for really big climatic swings. What has been less clear is whether more modest changes in ice cover might also affect the rate of eruptions. Given that humans are busy warming the planet，and therefore shrinking the few, relatively small glaciers that still exist, this question matters. It would be good to know if more volcanic eruptions might be another consequence of global warming. In a paper just published in Geology, Graeme Swindles, a geographer at the University of Leeds, suggests that it will—eventually.
The fine details of how glaciers are linked to volcanic eruptions are unknown. But volcanologists’ theory is that the weight of large ice sheets presses the crust(地壳) and mantle(地幔) below. That closes up channels within the rock through which magma(岩浆) travels towards the surface. It also leaves less room for surface water to make its way down into the rocks, where, as steam, it can increase the pressure within magma spaces. Remove the ice, by contrast, and those processes go into reverse.
Dr. Swindles and his colleagues studied layers of ash from Icelandic volcanoes that were deposited over Iceland and northern Europe during the relatively mild period since the end of the ice age, as well as volcanic deposits from Iceland itself. Their analysis revealed an unusual period between 5,500 and 4,500 years ago when no ash from Icelandic volcanoes found its way to Europe, and when the deposit record from Iceland suggests that no major eruptions took place. When Dr. Swindles compared the volcanic record with the climate literature, he found that the absence of eruptions was preceded by a big change in atmospheric circulation patterns about 6,100 years ago. That would have encouraged Iceland’s glaciers to advance. When conditions changed again a thousand years later, this time to favor glacial withdrawals, volcanic activity picked up after a few hundred years.
Based upon these findings, Dr. Swindles argues that even minor increases and decreases in glacier cover probably do affect volcanic activity, although with a fairly interval of perhaps five or six hundred years.The modern world is already recovering from its own miniature glaciation, the “Little Ice Age”, which lasted from about 1500 to 1850. Combine that with yet more glacial melt，caused this time by human-driven warming, and the centuries ahead may be noticeably fiercer than those of the recent past.
27.What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A. Before the last ice age, there were seldom volcanic eruptions.
B. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and destructive.
C. Volcanoes tend to erupt more frequently in the absence of glaciers.
D. Frequent volcanic eruptions have melted many glaciers.
28.Dr.Swindles’ study is mainly to figure out whether .
A. big climate changes will cause more volcanic explosions
B. global warming is primarily caused by volcanic eruptions
C. small changes in glaciers produce an effect on volcanic activity
D. volcanic records and climate literature are authentic
29.According to Paragraph 3, the connection between glaciers and volcanic eruptions is .
A. pressure B. temperature
C. rock D. water
30.According to Dr.Swindles’ study, what will probably happen after hundreds of years?
A. There will be an ice age after the Earth cools down.
B. There will be no glaciers on the Earth.
C. Volcanic eruptions will be under control.
D. Volcanoes will break out even more fiercely.
D
At 88, I remain a competitive runner. The finish line of my life is drawing close, and I hope to reach it having given the best of myself along the way. I’ve been training my body to meet the demands of this final stretch. But, I wonder, should I have asked more of my mind?
If I didn’t exercise, I would release the hungry beasts that seek their elderly prey on couches，but not in the gym. The more I sweated，the more likely it was my doctor would continue to say, “Keep doing what you’re doing，and I’ll see you next year.” My mind，on the other hand，seems less willing to give in to discipline. I have tried Internet “brain games”, solving algebraic problems flashing past and changing the route of virtual trains to avoid crashes. But these never approach my determination to remain physically fit as I move deeper into old age.
Though I have many friends in their 70s, 80s and 90s, I’ve been far too slow to realize that how we respond to aging is a choice made in the mind, not in the gym. Some of my healthiest friends carry themselves as victims abused by time. Other friends, many whose aching knees and hips are the least of their physical problems, find comfort in their ability to accept old age as just another stage of life to deal with. I would use the word “heroic” to describe the way they cope with aging.
One such friend recently called from a hospital to tell me a sudden brain disease had made him legally blind. He interrupted me as I began telling him how terribly sorry I was: “Bob，it could have been worse. I could have become dead instead of blind.”
In spite of all the time I spend lifting weights and exercising, I realized I lack the strength to have said those words. It suddenly struck me that I’ve paid a price for being a “gym rat”.If there is one characteristic common to friends who are aging with a graceful acceptance of life’s attacks, it is contentment. Aging had to be more than what I saw in a mirror.
But rather than undertaking a fundamental change in the way I face aging, I felt the place to begin would be to start small. A recent lunch provided a perfect example.
I’ve always found it extremely difficult to concentrate when I’m in a noisy setting. At this lunch with a friend in an outdoor restaurant, a landscaper began blowing leaves from underneath the bushes surrounding our table. Typically, after such a noisy interruption, I would have snapped, “Let’s wait until he’s finished!”, then fallen silent. When the roar(吼叫) eventually faded, my roar would have drained(消耗) the conversation of any warmth. It troubled me that even a passing distraction (分心) could so easily take me from enjoying lunch with a good friend to a place that gave me no pleasure at all. I wanted this meal to be different.
My years in gyms had taught me to shake off pains and other distractions, never permitting them to stop my workout or run. I decided to treat the noise this way. I continued talking with my friend, challenging myself to hear the noise, but to hold it at a distance. The discipline was so familiar to me in the gym—this time applied to my mind—proved equally effective in the restaurant. It was as though I had taken my brain to a mental fitness center.
Learning to ignore a leaf blower’s roar hardly equips me to find contentment during my passage into ever-deeper old age. But I left the lunch feeling I had at least taken a small first step in changing behavior that stood in the way of that contentment.
Could I employ that same discipline to accept with dignity the inevitable decline awaiting me like the finish line? Hoping that contentment will guide me as I make my way along the path yet to be travelled.
31.The author’s question in Paragraph 1 implies that .
A. he feels unsatisfied with the result of the brain games
B. he has never believed the necessity of mind training
C. he has realized he should mentally prepare for aging
D. he feels regret for not sharpening his thinking skills
32.What can we learn from the author’s friend mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A. He takes physical illnesses as they come.
B. He fears that his illness will become worse.
C. He needs to find a way through those hardships.
D. He sees life as a series of disappointments.
33.After that recent lunch, the author realized that .
A. he had made small changes to adapt to aging
B. the restaurant was not an ideal place for eating
C. distractions were not uncommon in everyday life
D. his roar had spoiled the friendly conversation
34.What’s the author’s attitude towards exercising in the end?
A. Ambiguous. B. Positive.
C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
35.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A. Benefits of Regular Exercise
B. Old Age Curse and Blessing
C. Never Too Old to Learn
D. The Secret to Aging Well
第二节（共5小题；每小题5分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do happier people have a better skin?
My father first learned about the field of psychodermatology(心理皮肤学) while he was getting his Ph.D. at Boston University, and had worked with some psychologists there who realized the impact that our emotions have on our skin. 36
I remember being about 10 and having a wart(疣) on my finger. My father said, “Oh, no problem, I’ll get the wart medicine.” He filled up a small, empty shampoo bottle with various salad dressings from the fridge and said, “Here’s the medicine.” He put it on my finger. 37 I think my belief in the medicine helped the wart go away faster than it would have otherwise.
What I didn’t understand yet was this amazing mind-body connection between how we feel, how we think, and our skin. Now I have patients call because they’re worried about acne(粉刺), and they notice that their acne increases during stressful times. 38 What’s been very cool is that there is more and more good research that’s coming out to support this idea of the mind and skin connection.
39 Five people could have the exact same amount of acne, and three people could feel quite terrible about what they have, one person could care less and think everything’s fine, and the fifth person could feel completely different. 40 Sometimes when people feel really stressed, they notice their acne increases. But it’s hard for people to figure out if the stress is causing acne, or if the acne is causing more stress.
A. It’s a chicken-and -egg situation.
B. Even having acne is a very subjective thing.
C. I think most people have had that experience.
D. And within a day or two, the wart disappeared.
E. He said, “You don’t have to worry about the wart.”
F. And so of course, being around him, I learned about it at a very early age.
G. When we think about things like anxiety, stress and anger, our nervous system is impacted.
第三部分 语言知识运用
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I come from a broken family that many would consider dysfunctional (机能失调的)at the very least: marriages, divorces, etc. After we grew up, my three siblings and I could go years 41 speaking. And that is where this story 42 .
My sister Jeanne and I were born only 14 months 43 , but by the time we were teenagers we had lost
44 . By age 19, I had moved away from our home in Wisconsin to live on my father’s horse farm in Virginia. Jeanne?got?married?at?18, and then?moved?to?Chicago. We lived separate lives in separate states and our connection 45 ended.
Fast-forward about five years. I was 24 and on a 46 with my fiance(未婚夫）to New York City, a place I had never been to, to?visit?my?fiance’s?cousin?and?see?the?sights.
During a day of sightseeing, we were crossing a very 47 street loaded with people. I was on the point of laughing at something my fiance said 48 I heard my name yelled from somewhere around me: “Cheryl!” I 49 in my steps in the middle of the road. Tears 50 in my eyes. I knew without a doubt that it was my sister Jeanne. I yelled 51 before even turning to look. “Jeanne?” It was her. And there we were, standing in the middle of a Manhattan street, facing each other and smiling.
I later asked how she'd known it was me—she 52 saw me! She said it was my 53 . I wouldn’t say my laugh is all that 54 , but I guess to a family member it’s infectious. It 55 your heart and resonates(共鸣）in your mind.
Since that time, my sister and I have never been 56 . We both moved back to Wisconsin. We 57 daily. Many years have passed, and we are now in our 50s. I truly believe God played a huge part in bringing us together, but our meeting 58 wasn't just a sign. I see it as more of a lesson, a 59 not to lose touch with loved ones. It is too easy to remain lost. After our sister-to-sister 60 , I don’t plan to let that happen again.
41.A.by B.after C.without D.beyond
42.A.ends B.spreads C.twists D.begins
43.A. ago B.away C.ahead D.apart
44.A.heart B.home C.touch D.hope
45.A.somewhat B.anyhow C.somehow D.anyway
46.A.destination B.trip C.date D.picnic
47.A. empty B.dark C.busy D.quiet
48.A.while B.before C.when D.until
49.A.fell B.froze C.struggled D.hesitated
50.A.shoot up B.turned up C.came up D.welled up
51.A.again B.up C.down D.back
52.A.never B.scarcely C.seldom D.already
53.A.shape B.clothing C.look D.laugh
54.A.clear B.unusual C.bright D.pleasant
55.A.hits B.treats C.breaks D.cures
56.A.separated B.bothered C.suspected D.united
57.A.work B.travel C.cooperate D.talk
58.A.in person B.by chance C.on schedule D.at random
59.A.change B.result C.motivation D.reminder
60.A.circle B.incident C.miracle D.friendship
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is common knowledge that the caffeine in coffee is the chemical that wakes one up. Some people even say they can’t get up in the morning 61 it. Coffee is also full of a kind of vitamin which protects the cells in our body. However, can drinking coffee actually be good for our health?
As is reported, those 62 drink more than two cups of coffee each day could be increasing their risk of developing osteoporosis(骨质酥松症). Research 63 (conduct) with about one thousand women discovered that drinking plenty of coffee can stop the body from absorbing the necessary vitamins and minerals from the diet, 64 can cause the body to get osteoporosis. The research also pointed out this side effect of drinking too much coffee could be reduced if you just add some milk in your coffee.
Another side effect of 65 (consumption) large amounts of coffee is an increase in LDL（低密度脂蛋白）in our body. Increased LDL levels are 66 (common) associated with high blood pressure—a primary 67 (contribute) to heart disease. Researchers did find that coffee made 68 (use) proper paper filters(过滤器) can reduce and even remove most of the harmful elements that can give rise to high blood pressure.
It is a widely held 69 (believe) that caffeine raises the risk of some health problems, but no formal studies have come to that conclusion so far. 70 the potential risks, drinking coffee in smaller amounts might be advantageous to your health. Moderation is the key to achieving a healthy balance.
第四部分 写作
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你正在为即将到来的模拟考试(mock examination)而紧张复习，但最近你在学习和生活中遇到了一些问题，导致无法集中精力学习。于是你给学校国际部的外籍心理老师Kate写一封求助信寻求帮助。要点如下：
1.写信目的；
2.你的问题；
3.希望得到Kate的帮助。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Kate,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
注意：
所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
续写部分分为两段，每段的开头已为你写好。
December 16,2009 was the worst day of my mother’s life.It was on that day she was told her thirty-six-year-old daughter had developed breast cancer. I would never forget her hopeless expression and tear-filled eyes as I told her. That scene uncontrollably broke my heart. It was one of the few times in my life that I had seen my mother was so painful and weak.
Since I got breast cancer, the doctors had made a heavy-duty plan to fight with it, which would mean an operation on my breast, five months of chemotherapy(化疗），and five weeks of radiation therapy. It also meant that an independent single girl who lived alone was in serious need of some help and care.
Thankfully, I was blessed with my own army of the family, friends and co-workers who had offered to help me out with whatever I might need, including meals and rides to doctors’ appointments. But as grateful as I was, there really was only one person who I wanted by my side—my mom. Despite living 300 miles away, my mother agreed even without a second thought. She was going to be my primary caregiver, driver, personal cook, nurse, counselor, and shoulder to cry on. No one else in the world could fill her shoes. It was a job that only she could do.
The night after my first chemotherapy treatment was firmly fixed in my memory. I was never so sick in my entire life. I couldn’t even keep down a glass of water. And after hours spent in the bathroom, I weakly lifted myself into bed, weeping, “Please, God, take this away from me. Please make me feel better.” At that moment, my mother crawled into bed with me and wrapped her entire body around me. It looked as if I had still been a little girl.
Paragraph 1:
Over the next six months, my mom travelled between two homes just to take care of me.___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
However,when I finally began to recover, my mom suddenly fell ill._____________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高三英语期中考试参考答案 20201111
第一部分：听力
1-5 ACBBA 6-10 ABCBA 11-15 CBCAB 16-20 ACBAC
第二部分：阅读
21-23 CBB 24-26 BAC 27-30 CCAD 31-35 CAABD
36-40 FDCBA
第三部分：运用
第一节
41-45 CDDCC 46-50 BCCBD 51-55 DADBA 56-60 ADBDC
第二节
61.without 62.who 63.conducted 64.which 65.consuming
66.commonly 67.contributor 68.using 69.belief 70.Despite
第四部分：写作
第一节
Dear Kate，
With the approach of the mock examination, I?find it hard to concentrate on?my study. I’m writing to seek help from you.
I’m encountering some problems which trouble me a lot. First, endless homework leaves me little time for exercise. Moreover, the high expectations from my teachers and parents are extremely stressing me out.?Worse still, I have difficulty?falling asleep?almost every night.
I’m anxious for your help. Could you please?offer me some advice on?how to solve these problems? (89 words)
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
Over the next six months, my mom travelled between two homes just to take care of me. During every treatment,which was so painful that I always couldn’t stand it and cried out,she would run to the hall to escape my sufferings and also hide hers. And after treatments,she would sit by my side,comforting me. She would also make me cheese sandwiches in the middle of the night,forever putting my needs first. Several months later,her efforts paid off—I was feeling better.
However, when I finally began to recover,my mom suddenly fell ill. That made me think about what my mother had done while I was going through such a difficult time in my life. She was attending to my every need, both physically and emotionally, but who was attending to her needs? Who heard her cry when I was suffering?I felt both deeply grateful and bitterly sorry, badly wanting to do something for her,care for her and love her. She had devoted herself to me when I was sick, and now,it was my turn. (149 words)
（说明：听力录音材料文字稿另见扫描文件）
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The world’s oceans are some of the most interesting and breathtaking places on the entire planet. A lot of these oceans have witnessed a variety of disappearances and other mysteries, most of which cannot and have not been explained by modern science. Here are some interesting unsolved sea mysteries of the world.
USS Scorpion
In February 1969, the USS Scorpion, an American submarine, departed from Norfolk, Virginia, on its way towards the Mediterranean. The crew had almost a decade of experience, and yet the sub disappeared and broke into pieces on the sea floor. There were 99 men aboard the sub, all of whom lost their lives.
Baltic Sea Sub
In the later half of 2014, a mysterious vessel（大船）was spotted by Swedish citizens, many of whom described it as a Russian submarine, in the Baltic Sea. The military spent much time in investigating, but found no sign of the mysterious sub. The search was named “the hunt for Reds in October.”
Bermeja Island
During the 1970s, Bermeja Island served as a bit of a marker for Mexico and their economic zone. Around 20 years later, the island disappeared without any sign. Along with the island, numerous important documents about major oil reserves also went missing.
Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck
In 2001, ExxonMobil was laying pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico when they ran into a shipwreck around 2,600 feet under the surface. Upon exploring the shipwreck, archaeologists believed it to be a terrible spell（魔法，妖术）, as something would constantly go wrong when they went down to explore.
SS Edmund Fitzgerald
Lake Superior is so large that it behaves like an inland ocean, including terrific storms. In November 1975, one such storm struck the vessel SS Edmund Fitzgerald, which was headed to Detroit. The Fitzgerald disappeared after communications were lost. A week later, a sonar（声呐）ship found the vessel 500 feet under the water. Not one body was found, though.
21. Why does the author think of USS Scorpion as a mystery?
A. Because 99 men died aboard the sub.
B. Because it lost its way towards the Mediterranean.
C. Because the sub still sank even with experienced crew.
D. Because there is no information of the unknown sub.
22. What do Baltic Sea Sub and Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck have in common?
A. Both are highly put a bad spell on.
B. Both the names of the vessels are unknown.
C. Both are found on the beaches.
D. Both are said to be Russian vessels.
23. Which mystery is different from the others?
A. SS Edmund Fitzgerald B. Bermeja Island
C. Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck D. USS Scorpion
B
“New and improved. “These words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren’t an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, “New Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better?” analyzed the issue. The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017:152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25% offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58% had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
“This doesn’t mean there’s no added benefit, “lead author Wissler said. “It just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough. “Wissler and her co-authors work for a German institute which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country’s health care system should pay a premium(补贴)for them. Such organizations, known as health technology assessment(HTA) agencies, work a little differently in the US, says Sean Tunisia researcher in Baltimore: “If payers think a new drug isn’t better than an existing drug, these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.”
Germany’s HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn’t always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wissler’s paper. With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarket studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs—a step too often neglected.
24. What message does the recent report convey?
A. Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B. Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
C. Before 2017 no improvement was made to drugs.
D. The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
25. What will US HTA agencies do when no advantage is found in new drugs?
A. Get hospitals to use the cheaper drugs.
B. Remove government premium on them.
C. Arrange financial support for the patients.
D. Put new drugs on further trials and studies.
26. What’s the disadvantage of Germany’s HTA trial demands?
A. Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
B. Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
C. Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
D. Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
C
At the end of the last ice age, around 11,700 years ago, Earth’s climate began warming rapidly. As the planet heated up, its vast glaciers(冰川) fell back. Almost immediately afterwards volcanic activity surged. That was nothing new. The geological record has plenty of evidence of big glacial withdrawals that are followed by more frequent volcanic eruptions.
This, at least, is the case for really big climatic swings. What has been less clear is whether more modest changes in ice cover might also affect the rate of eruptions. Given that humans are busy warming the planet，and therefore shrinking the few, relatively small glaciers that still exist, this question matters. It would be good to know if more volcanic eruptions might be another consequence of global warming. In a paper just published in Geology, Graeme Swindles, a geographer at the University of Leeds, suggests that it will—eventually.
The fine details of how glaciers are linked to volcanic eruptions are unknown. But volcanologists’ theory is that the weight of large ice sheets presses the crust(地壳) and mantle(地幔) below. That closes up channels within the rock through which magma(岩浆) travels towards the surface. It also leaves less room for surface water to make its way down into the rocks, where, as steam, it can increase the pressure within magma spaces. Remove the ice, by contrast, and those processes go into reverse.
Dr. Swindles and his colleagues studied layers of ash from Icelandic volcanoes that were deposited over Iceland and northern Europe during the relatively mild period since the end of the ice age, as well as volcanic deposits from Iceland itself. Their analysis revealed an unusual period between 5,500 and 4,500 years ago when no ash from Icelandic volcanoes found its way to Europe, and when the deposit record from Iceland suggests that no major eruptions took place. When Dr. Swindles compared the volcanic record with the climate literature, he found that the absence of eruptions was preceded by a big change in atmospheric circulation patterns about 6,100 years ago. That would have encouraged Iceland’s glaciers to advance. When conditions changed again a thousand years later, this time to favor glacial withdrawals, volcanic activity picked up after a few hundred years.
Based upon these findings, Dr. Swindles argues that even minor increases and decreases in glacier cover probably do affect volcanic activity, although with a fairly interval of perhaps five or six hundred years.The modern world is already recovering from its own miniature glaciation, the “Little Ice Age”, which lasted from about 1500 to 1850. Combine that with yet more glacial melt，caused this time by human-driven warming, and the centuries ahead may be noticeably fiercer than those of the recent past.
27.What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A. Before the last ice age, there were seldom volcanic eruptions.
B. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and destructive.
C. Volcanoes tend to erupt more frequently in the absence of glaciers.
D. Frequent volcanic eruptions have melted many glaciers.
28.Dr.Swindles’ study is mainly to figure out whether .
A. big climate changes will cause more volcanic explosions
B. global warming is primarily caused by volcanic eruptions
C. small changes in glaciers produce an effect on volcanic activity
D. volcanic records and climate literature are authentic
29.According to Paragraph 3, the connection between glaciers and volcanic eruptions is .
A. pressure B. temperature
C. rock D. water
30.According to Dr.Swindles’ study, what will probably happen after hundreds of years?
A. There will be an ice age after the Earth cools down.
B. There will be no glaciers on the Earth.
C. Volcanic eruptions will be under control.
D. Volcanoes will break out even more fiercely.
D
At 88, I remain a competitive runner. The finish line of my life is drawing close, and I hope to reach it having given the best of myself along the way. I’ve been training my body to meet the demands of this final stretch. But, I wonder, should I have asked more of my mind?
If I didn’t exercise, I would release the hungry beasts that seek their elderly prey on couches，but not in the gym. The more I sweated，the more likely it was my doctor would continue to say, “Keep doing what you’re doing，and I’ll see you next year.” My mind，on the other hand，seems less willing to give in to discipline. I have tried Internet “brain games”, solving algebraic problems flashing past and changing the route of virtual trains to avoid crashes. But these never approach my determination to remain physically fit as I move deeper into old age.
Though I have many friends in their 70s, 80s and 90s, I’ve been far too slow to realize that how we respond to aging is a choice made in the mind, not in the gym. Some of my healthiest friends carry themselves as victims abused by time. Other friends, many whose aching knees and hips are the least of their physical problems, find comfort in their ability to accept old age as just another stage of life to deal with. I would use the word “heroic” to describe the way they cope with aging.
One such friend recently called from a hospital to tell me a sudden brain disease had made him legally blind. He interrupted me as I began telling him how terribly sorry I was: “Bob，it could have been worse. I could have become dead instead of blind.”
In spite of all the time I spend lifting weights and exercising, I realized I lack the strength to have said those words. It suddenly struck me that I’ve paid a price for being a “gym rat”.If there is one characteristic common to friends who are aging with a graceful acceptance of life’s attacks, it is contentment. Aging had to be more than what I saw in a mirror.
But rather than undertaking a fundamental change in the way I face aging, I felt the place to begin would be to start small. A recent lunch provided a perfect example.
I’ve always found it extremely difficult to concentrate when I’m in a noisy setting. At this lunch with a friend in an outdoor restaurant, a landscaper began blowing leaves from underneath the bushes surrounding our table. Typically, after such a noisy interruption, I would have snapped, “Let’s wait until he’s finished!”, then fallen silent. When the roar(吼叫) eventually faded, my roar would have drained(消耗) the conversation of any warmth. It troubled me that even a passing distraction (分心) could so easily take me from enjoying lunch with a good friend to a place that gave me no pleasure at all. I wanted this meal to be different.
My years in gyms had taught me to shake off pains and other distractions, never permitting them to stop my workout or run. I decided to treat the noise this way. I continued talking with my friend, challenging myself to hear the noise, but to hold it at a distance. The discipline was so familiar to me in the gym—this time applied to my mind—proved equally effective in the restaurant. It was as though I had taken my brain to a mental fitness center.
Learning to ignore a leaf blower’s roar hardly equips me to find contentment during my passage into ever-deeper old age. But I left the lunch feeling I had at least taken a small first step in changing behavior that stood in the way of that contentment.
Could I employ that same discipline to accept with dignity the inevitable decline awaiting me like the finish line? Hoping that contentment will guide me as I make my way along the path yet to be travelled.
31.The author’s question in Paragraph 1 implies that .
A. he feels unsatisfied with the result of the brain games
B. he has never believed the necessity of mind training
C. he has realized he should mentally prepare for aging
D. he feels regret for not sharpening his thinking skills
32.What can we learn from the author’s friend mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A. He takes physical illnesses as they come.
B. He fears that his illness will become worse.
C. He needs to find a way through those hardships.
D. He sees life as a series of disappointments.
33.After that recent lunch, the author realized that .
A. he had made small changes to adapt to aging
B. the restaurant was not an ideal place for eating
C. distractions were not uncommon in everyday life
D. his roar had spoiled the friendly conversation
34.What’s the author’s attitude towards exercising in the end?
A. Ambiguous. B. Positive.
C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
35.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A. Benefits of Regular Exercise
B. Old Age Curse and Blessing
C. Never Too Old to Learn
D. The Secret to Aging Well
第二节（共5小题；每小题5分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do happier people have a better skin?
My father first learned about the field of psychodermatology(心理皮肤学) while he was getting his Ph.D. at Boston University, and had worked with some psychologists there who realized the impact that our emotions have on our skin. 36
I remember being about 10 and having a wart(疣) on my finger. My father said, “Oh, no problem, I’ll get the wart medicine.” He filled up a small, empty shampoo bottle with various salad dressings from the fridge and said, “Here’s the medicine.” He put it on my finger. 37 I think my belief in the medicine helped the wart go away faster than it would have otherwise.
What I didn’t understand yet was this amazing mind-body connection between how we feel, how we think, and our skin. Now I have patients call because they’re worried about acne(粉刺), and they notice that their acne increases during stressful times. 38 What’s been very cool is that there is more and more good research that’s coming out to support this idea of the mind and skin connection.
39 Five people could have the exact same amount of acne, and three people could feel quite terrible about what they have, one person could care less and think everything’s fine, and the fifth person could feel completely different. 40 Sometimes when people feel really stressed, they notice their acne increases. But it’s hard for people to figure out if the stress is causing acne, or if the acne is causing more stress.
A. It’s a chicken-and -egg situation.
B. Even having acne is a very subjective thing.
C. I think most people have had that experience.
D. And within a day or two, the wart disappeared.
E. He said, “You don’t have to worry about the wart.”
F. And so of course, being around him, I learned about it at a very early age.
G. When we think about things like anxiety, stress and anger, our nervous system is impacted.
第三部分 语言知识运用
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I come from a broken family that many would consider dysfunctional (机能失调的)at the very least: marriages, divorces, etc. After we grew up, my three siblings and I could go years 41 speaking. And that is where this story 42 .
My sister Jeanne and I were born only 14 months 43 , but by the time we were teenagers we had lost
44 . By age 19, I had moved away from our home in Wisconsin to live on my father’s horse farm in Virginia. Jeanne?got?married?at?18, and then?moved?to?Chicago. We lived separate lives in separate states and our connection 45 ended.
Fast-forward about five years. I was 24 and on a 46 with my fiance(未婚夫）to New York City, a place I had never been to, to?visit?my?fiance’s?cousin?and?see?the?sights.
During a day of sightseeing, we were crossing a very 47 street loaded with people. I was on the point of laughing at something my fiance said 48 I heard my name yelled from somewhere around me: “Cheryl!” I 49 in my steps in the middle of the road. Tears 50 in my eyes. I knew without a doubt that it was my sister Jeanne. I yelled 51 before even turning to look. “Jeanne?” It was her. And there we were, standing in the middle of a Manhattan street, facing each other and smiling.
I later asked how she'd known it was me—she 52 saw me! She said it was my 53 . I wouldn’t say my laugh is all that 54 , but I guess to a family member it’s infectious. It 55 your heart and resonates(共鸣）in your mind.
Since that time, my sister and I have never been 56 . We both moved back to Wisconsin. We 57 daily. Many years have passed, and we are now in our 50s. I truly believe God played a huge part in bringing us together, but our meeting 58 wasn't just a sign. I see it as more of a lesson, a 59 not to lose touch with loved ones. It is too easy to remain lost. After our sister-to-sister 60 , I don’t plan to let that happen again.
41.A.by B.after C.without D.beyond
42.A.ends B.spreads C.twists D.begins
43.A. ago B.away C.ahead D.apart
44.A.heart B.home C.touch D.hope
45.A.somewhat B.anyhow C.somehow D.anyway
46.A.destination B.trip C.date D.picnic
47.A. empty B.dark C.busy D.quiet
48.A.while B.before C.when D.until
49.A.fell B.froze C.struggled D.hesitated
50.A.shoot up B.turned up C.came up D.welled up
51.A.again B.up C.down D.back
52.A.never B.scarcely C.seldom D.already
53.A.shape B.clothing C.look D.laugh
54.A.clear B.unusual C.bright D.pleasant
55.A.hits B.treats C.breaks D.cures
56.A.separated B.bothered C.suspected D.united
57.A.work B.travel C.cooperate D.talk
58.A.in person B.by chance C.on schedule D.at random
59.A.change B.result C.motivation D.reminder
60.A.circle B.incident C.miracle D.friendship
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is common knowledge that the caffeine in coffee is the chemical that wakes one up. Some people even say they can’t get up in the morning 61 it. Coffee is also full of a kind of vitamin which protects the cells in our body. However, can drinking coffee actually be good for our health?
As is reported, those 62 drink more than two cups of coffee each day could be increasing their risk of developing osteoporosis(骨质酥松症). Research 63 (conduct) with about one thousand women discovered that drinking plenty of coffee can stop the body from absorbing the necessary vitamins and minerals from the diet, 64 can cause the body to get osteoporosis. The research also pointed out this side effect of drinking too much coffee could be reduced if you just add some milk in your coffee.
Another side effect of 65 (consumption) large amounts of coffee is an increase in LDL（低密度脂蛋白）in our body. Increased LDL levels are 66 (common) associated with high blood pressure—a primary 67 (contribute) to heart disease. Researchers did find that coffee made 68 (use) proper paper filters(过滤器) can reduce and even remove most of the harmful elements that can give rise to high blood pressure.
It is a widely held 69 (believe) that caffeine raises the risk of some health problems, but no formal studies have come to that conclusion so far. 70 the potential risks, drinking coffee in smaller amounts might be advantageous to your health. Moderation is the key to achieving a healthy balance.
第四部分 写作
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你正在为即将到来的模拟考试(mock examination)而紧张复习，但最近你在学习和生活中遇到了一些问题，导致无法集中精力学习。于是你给学校国际部的外籍心理老师Kate写一封求助信寻求帮助。要点如下：
1.写信目的；
2.你的问题；
3.希望得到Kate的帮助。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Kate,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
注意：
所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
续写部分分为两段，每段的开头已为你写好。
December 16,2009 was the worst day of my mother’s life.It was on that day she was told her thirty-six-year-old daughter had developed breast cancer. I would never forget her hopeless expression and tear-filled eyes as I told her. That scene uncontrollably broke my heart. It was one of the few times in my life that I had seen my mother was so painful and weak.
Since I got breast cancer, the doctors had made a heavy-duty plan to fight with it, which would mean an operation on my breast, five months of chemotherapy(化疗），and five weeks of radiation therapy. It also meant that an independent single girl who lived alone was in serious need of some help and care.
Thankfully, I was blessed with my own army of the family, friends and co-workers who had offered to help me out with whatever I might need, including meals and rides to doctors’ appointments. But as grateful as I was, there really was only one person who I wanted by my side—my mom. Despite living 300 miles away, my mother agreed even without a second thought. She was going to be my primary caregiver, driver, personal cook, nurse, counselor, and shoulder to cry on. No one else in the world could fill her shoes. It was a job that only she could do.
The night after my first chemotherapy treatment was firmly fixed in my memory. I was never so sick in my entire life. I couldn’t even keep down a glass of water. And after hours spent in the bathroom, I weakly lifted myself into bed, weeping, “Please, God, take this away from me. Please make me feel better.” At that moment, my mother crawled into bed with me and wrapped her entire body around me. It looked as if I had still been a little girl.
Paragraph 1:
Over the next six months, my mom travelled between two homes just to take care of me.___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
However,when I finally began to recover, my mom suddenly fell ill._____________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高三英语期中考试参考答案 20201111
第一部分：听力
1-5 ACBBA 6-10 ABCBA 11-15 CBCAB 16-20 ACBAC
第二部分：阅读
21-23 CBB 24-26 BAC 27-30 CCAD 31-35 CAABD
36-40 FDCBA
第三部分：运用
第一节
41-45 CDDCC 46-50 BCCBD 51-55 DADBA 56-60 ADBDC
第二节
61.without 62.who 63.conducted 64.which 65.consuming
66.commonly 67.contributor 68.using 69.belief 70.Despite
第四部分：写作
第一节
Dear Kate，
With the approach of the mock examination, I?find it hard to concentrate on?my study. I’m writing to seek help from you.
I’m encountering some problems which trouble me a lot. First, endless homework leaves me little time for exercise. Moreover, the high expectations from my teachers and parents are extremely stressing me out.?Worse still, I have difficulty?falling asleep?almost every night.
I’m anxious for your help. Could you please?offer me some advice on?how to solve these problems? (89 words)
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
Over the next six months, my mom travelled between two homes just to take care of me. During every treatment,which was so painful that I always couldn’t stand it and cried out,she would run to the hall to escape my sufferings and also hide hers. And after treatments,she would sit by my side,comforting me. She would also make me cheese sandwiches in the middle of the night,forever putting my needs first. Several months later,her efforts paid off—I was feeling better.
However, when I finally began to recover,my mom suddenly fell ill. That made me think about what my mother had done while I was going through such a difficult time in my life. She was attending to my every need, both physically and emotionally, but who was attending to her needs? Who heard her cry when I was suffering?I felt both deeply grateful and bitterly sorry, badly wanting to do something for her,care for her and love her. She had devoted herself to me when I was sick, and now,it was my turn. (149 words)
（说明：听力录音材料文字稿另见扫描文件）
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