北师大版（2019）高中英语必修第一册 Unit3 Celebrations课件+练习（共7份打包）

(共112张PPT)
UNIT
3
CONSERVATION
素养导航
主题语境——人与自然　环境保护
The
Sixth
Mass
Extinction
As
the
human
population
has
risen
to
7.5
billion,our
species’
enormous①
footprint
on
planet
Earth
has
had
a
shocking
impact
on
mammals,birds,insects,and
marine
life.We’ve
driven
thousands
of
species
to
the
edge
of
extinction
through
habitat
loss,overhunting
and
overfishing,the
introduction
of
invasive②
species
into
new
ecosystems,
toxic③
pollution,and
climate
change.In
the
past
40
years,the
number
of
wild
animals
has
decreased
by
50
percent,a
2019
study
found.And
the
World
Wildlife
Fund
(WWF)
estimates
that
the
populations
of
vertebrates④
have
fallen
by
an
average
of
60
percent
since
1970.The
past
20
years
have
brought
a
90
percent
decrease
in
the
number
of
monarch
butterflies
in
America,a
loss
of
900
million,and
an
87
percent
loss
of
rusty
patched
bumblebees.
Only
3
percent
of
the
original
populations
of
the
heavily
fished
Pacific
bluefin
tuna
(蓝鳍金枪鱼)
remain
in
the
sea.“We
are
sleepwalking
toward
the
edge
of
a
cliff,”
said
Mike
Barrett,executive
director
at
WWF.?
What
are
the
consequences?Potentially
enormous.The
loss
of
species
can
have
catastrophic⑤
effects
on
the
food
chain
on
which
humanity
depends.Ocean
reefs,which
sustain⑥
more
than
25
percent
of
marine
life,have
declined
by
50
percent
already—and
could
be
lost
altogether
by
2050.This
is
almost
certainly
contributing
to
the
decline
of
global
marine
life,down—on
average—by
50
percent
since
1970,according
to
the
WWF.Insects
pollinate⑦
crops
humans
eat.“This
is
far
more
than
just
being
about
losing
the
wonders
of
nature,desperately
sad
though
that
is,”
the
WWF’s
Barrett
said.“This
is
actually
now
dangerous
for
the
future
of
people.Nature
is
not
‘nice
to
have’—it
is
our
life-support
system.”
词海拾贝
①enormous
adj.巨大的;庞大的
②invasive
adj.侵入的;侵略性的;攻击性的
③toxic
adj.有毒的
④vertebrate
n.脊椎动物
⑤catastrophic
adj.灾难性的
⑥sustain
v.支持;承受;维持
⑦pollinate
v.给……授粉
典句欣赏
The
past
20
years
have
brought
a
90
percent
decrease
in
the
number
of
monarch
butterflies
in
America,a
loss
of
900
million,and
an
87
percent
loss
of
rusty
patched
bumblebees.
译文:在过去的20年里,美国的帝王蝶数量锐减了90%,损失了9亿只,长着铁锈色斑纹的大黄蜂损失了87%。
分析:这是一个简单句。句中The
past
20
years是无生命的物体作主语;a
loss
of
900
million是a
90
percent
decrease的同位语;and连接a
90
percent
decrease和an
87
percent
loss
两个宾语。
理解诱思
What
is
the
final
result
of
the
sixth
mass
extinction?(no
more
than
5
words)
答案:The
fall
of
mankind.
Section
A　TOPIC
TALK
&
LESSON
1
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.plastic
adj.　　　　?
2.mining
n.　　　　?
3.item
n.　　
　　?
4.unrecyclable
adj.　　　
　?
5.informative
adj.　　　　
?
6.horn
n.　　　　
?
7.mass
adj.　　　　?
8.solar
adj.　　　　
?
9.hatch
vi.&
vt.　　　　?
塑料制的　
采矿业　
一项,一条
不可回收的　
有教育意义的;知识性强的　
(牛、羊等头上的)角　
大量的　
太阳光(能)的　
(使)孵化
10.　　
　　　
n.保护?
11.　　　　　
vt.破坏;毁掉?
12.　　　　　
vi.&
vt.再利用,回收利用?
13.　　　　　
n.威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能?
14.　　　　　
vi.&
vt.转换,改变?
15.　　　　　
adv.非法地,违法地?
16.　　　　　
vi.&
vt.猎取,猎杀?
17.　　　　　
adj.灭绝的,绝种的?
18.　　　　　
adv.非常地,极端地?
19.　　　　　
adj.紧急的,急迫的?
20.　　　　　
n.物种,种?
conservation　
destroy　
recycle　
threat　
switch　
illegally　
hunt　
extinct
incredibly　
urgent　
species　　
21.　　　　　
vt.擦;拭?
22.　　　　　
adj.异常的;不平常的?
23.　　　　　
adj.各种各样的,形形色色的?
24.　　　　　
vi.&
vt.减少　n.减少;减少的量?
25.　　　　　
vt.责怪,指责?
26.　　　　　
vt.影响?
27.　　　
　　
adj.濒危的?
28.　　　　　
vt.(使)
恢复?
wipe
unusual　
varied　
decrease　
blame
affect　
endangered　
restore
重点短语
1.　　
　　　起某种作用?
2.　　　
　　尽自己的职责?
3.　　　　　消失;绝迹,灭绝?
4.　　　　　处境危险,受到威胁?
5.wipe
out　　　　
?
6.be
to
blame　　　
　?
have
a
role　
do
one’s
part　
die
out
be
at
risk　
彻底毁灭　
把……归咎于
重点句式
1.They
found
that
human
activity
is
causing
species
to
die
out
1,000
times
faster
than
normal.
2.Without
forests,we
would
have
no
air
to
breathe,and
without
clean
water
we
would
be
unable
to
survive.
重点语法限制性和非限制性定语从句
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P52-53文章,判断正(T)误(F)。
1.Over
90
percent
of
all
ever
living
species
are
extinct
in
500
million
years.
2.It
is
natural
for
species
to
die
out
usually.
3.If
a
sixth
mass
extinction
occurs,entire
species
will
be
wiped
out.
4.In
order
to
avoid
the
sixth
extinction,we
need
to
stop
traveling
around.
答案:
FTFF
B.阅读P52-53文章,选出最佳选项。
1.What
is
one
of
the
reasons
for
extinction?
A.Sleep
of
volcanoes.
B.Changes
in
sea
levels.
C.The
increase
of
the
oxygen.
D.The
decrease
in
temperature.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What
are
scientists
mainly
concerned
about
as
to
reasons
of
species
death?
A.Ages.
B.Ways.
C.Numbers.
D.Rates.
答案:B　
答案:D　
3.Why
would
we
humans
be
at
risk
of
dying
out
if
75%
of
all
species
on
Earth
die
out?
A.We
will
have
no
clean
air
or
water.
B.We
will
kill
all
species
for
food.
C.We
will
have
no
factory
farming.
D.We
will
kill
one
another
for
water.
4.How
can
we
avoid
the
sixth
extinction?
A.By
producing
more
species.
B.By
stopping
destroying
the
planet.
C.By
taking
action
to
protect
ourselves.
D.By
moving
to
another
planet
immediately.
答案:A　
答案:B　
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.He
gave
us
another
piece
of
advice,　　　　　
I
think
is
of
great
help
to
the
research
work.?
2.The
book
　　
　　　my
classmate
lent
me
is
very
useful.?
3.There
is
always
something
　　　　　we
are
not
satisfied
with
in
our
life.?
4.We
talked
about
the
people
and
things　　　　　
we
remembered
in
our
primary
school.?
5.I’d
like
to
make
friends
with
those
　　　　　are
rich
in
experience
and
knowledge.?
which　
which/that　
that　
that　
who
6.There
are
still
some
people
　　　　　living
conditions
are
terrible.?
7.This
is
the
best
film　　　　　
I
have
ever
seen
these
years.?
8.Have
you
seen
the
film
Titanic,　　　　　
leading
actor
is
world
famous.?
9.Who
is
that
man　　　　　
is
going
to
give
us
a
lecture??
10.This
is
the
place
　　　　　I
grew
up.?
whose
that　
whose
that　
where
重点词汇
1.Ways
We
Destroy
Nature我们破坏自然的方式(P50)
【词汇精讲】
destroy用作及物动词,意为“破坏;毁掉”。
The
earthquake
destroyed
almost
the
entire
city.
那次地震几乎毁灭了整个城市。
That
will
destroy
the
reputation
of
our
products.
那将毁了我们产品的声誉。
【词汇拓展】
destroy
sb毁掉某人(的一生)
be
destroyed
by
fire被大火烧毁
destruction
n.破坏,毁坏
destroyer
n.破坏者;起破坏作用的东西
The
building
was
completely
destroyed
by
fire.
大楼被大火完全烧毁了。
Many
animals
will
be
in
danger
because
of
the
destruction
of
the
environment.
因为环境的破坏,许多动物将处于危险之中。
【词语辨析】
destroy、damage与ruin
destroy
作动词,表示“毁坏”,通常指彻底的毁掉或毁灭,往往暗示无法或很难修复,有时用于比喻用法中;也可用于损坏抽象的东西,如名誉、计划等
damage
可作动词或名词,表示“损害,损坏”,通常是指部分性的损坏,往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低,有时用于比喻用法中
ruin
可作动词或名词,表示“毁坏,破坏”,强调毁灭的彻底性,并且是一次性的行为。这种毁灭也许没有多大力量,但其严重性却使其不能修复。这种毁灭强调长期损坏过程所导致的结果
【微写作】
In
the
earthquake
that
happened
on
August
3,2014,all
the
houses
and
buildings
were
destroyed,and
great
damage
was
caused
to
Yunnan.At
that
time
Ludian
was
almost
in
ruins.
在2014年8月3日发生的那场地震中,所有的房屋和建筑物都被摧毁了,(这场地震)给云南造成了巨大的损失。那时的鲁甸几乎成了一片废墟。
2.After
the
lecture,I
can
see
that
the
use
of
oil
and
coal
is
one
of
the
biggest
threats
to
our
planet.听了讲座后,我可以看到石油和煤炭的使用是我们星球最大的威胁之一。(P108)
【词汇精讲】在本句中threat用作名词,意为“威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能”。
As
the
months
went
by,
the
rabbits
saw
that
I
was
no
threat
and
didn’t
escape.
几个月过去了,兔子们看出来“我”对它们没有威胁,也不再逃走了。
【词汇拓展】
a
threat
to
sb/sth对某人/某物构成威胁
threaten
v.威胁
threaten
sb
(with
sth)
(用某物)威胁某人
threaten
to
do
sth恐吓要做某事
threatened
adj.受到威胁的
However,others
are
in
favour
of
the
inclusion
because
it
is
hard
to
say
whether
it
will
threaten
the
Chinese
language.
但是,其他人赞成收录(英语单词),因为很难说这是否会威胁到汉语。
3.We
definitely
need
to
switch
to
different
forms
of
power
as
soon
as
possible.我们确实需要尽快转换到不同形式的能源。(P108-109)
【词汇精讲】在本句中switch用作动词,意为“转换,改变”;它还可以用作名词,意义相同。
New
technology
made
a
switch
to
oil
possible.
新技术使得改用石油成为可能。
【词汇拓展】
switch
on接通,打开
switch
off
(=turn
off)
把……关掉,关上
switch
over
(to
sth)
转换频道;转变
switch
(from
sth)
to...从……转变到……
switch
roles转换角色
switch
A
with
B把A与B交换
He
didn’t
bother
to
switch
on
the
light.
他懒得去开灯。
The
law
would
encourage
companies
to
switch
from
coal
to
cleaner
fuels.
该法律将鼓励公司从煤炭转向更清洁的燃料。
Please
make
sure
all
the
mobile
phones
are
switched
off
during
the
performance.
请确保演出时所有手机关闭。
4.We
all
have
a
role
to
play
in
protecting
the
environment.If
we
all
do
our
part,we
can
live
a
healthier
life
on
Earth.在保护环境方面,我们大家都可以发挥作用。如果我们都尽自己的一份力,我们就能在地球上过上更健康的生活。(P109)
【词汇精讲】在本句中have
a
role意为“起某种作用”,还可以意为“充当角色”;do
one’s
part意为“尽自己的职责”。
I
have
often
thought
that
if
Hollywood
stars
have
a
role
to
play,
it
is
to
teach
us
that
happiness
has
nothing
to
do
with
fun.
我常思忖如果好莱坞影星还有一个角色能充当的话,那就是教给我们幸福同欢乐是完全不相干的两件事。
Every
student
ought
to
do
his
part
to
make
steady
progress.
每个学生都应尽本分以求平稳的进步。
【词汇拓展】
play
an
important
role/part
in...在……中起重要作用/担任重要角色
play
the
role
of
sb=play/act
the
part
of
sb
(在剧中)扮演……角色
play
the
leading
role起带头(主要)作用
for
my
part至于我,对我来说
on
one’s
part由某人做出;就某人而言
take
part
in参加……,参与……活动
He
has
played
an
important
part
in
carrying
through
the
whole
plan.
他在整个计划的实行中扮演了重要的角色.
5.Yes,many
animals
are
illegally
hunted
for
something
they
have.是的,许多动物因为他们拥有的东西而被非法猎杀。
(P109)
【词汇精讲1】在本句中illegally为副词,意为“非法地,违法地”。
Ben
Johnson
entered
the
country
illegally.
本·约翰逊通过非法途径进入了这个国家。
【词汇拓展1】
illegal
adj.违法的,非法的
legal
adj.法律许可的,合法的
legally
adv.法律上,合法地
【词汇精讲2】在本句中hunt用作动词,意为“猎取,猎杀”;它还可以意为“搜索;驱赶”;hunt也可以用作名词,意为“狩猎;追捕;搜寻”。
The
huntsman
and
I
hunt
the
animals
out
of
the
garden.
猎人和我把动物赶出花园。
The
dog
was
trained
for
the
hunt.
这只狗受过狩猎训练。
【词汇拓展2】
hunt
after追猎(某动物);追逐(某物)
hunt
for寻找某人/某物
hunt
up
(在报纸上、书上等)找到(资料等)
Do
you
approve
of
hunting
after
foxes?
你赞成猎捕狐狸吗?
He
has
been
hunting
for
a
job.
他一直在找工作。
6.That’s
an
incredibly
urgent
matter...这是一件非常紧急的事情……(P109)
【词汇精讲】在本句中urgent
用作形容词,意为“紧急的,急迫的”,还可以意为“坚持要求的”。
They’ve
made
an
urgent
request
for
international
aid.
他们紧急请求国际援助。
【词汇拓展】
urge
vt.催促;极力主张　n.强烈的欲望、冲动,迫切的要求
urge
sb
to
do
sth/urge
sb
into
doing
sth
催促/敦促某人做某事
urge
that/It
is
urged
that...坚决主张……(用虚拟语气)
have/feel
an
urge
to
do
sth渴望做某事;有做某事的冲动/欲望
satisfy
an
urge满足欲望
urgency
n.紧急;急事;催促
urgently
adv.紧急地,急迫地
We
urged
that
the
bill
(should)
be
passed.
我们强烈要求通过那项议案。
She
urged
him
to
stay.
她力劝他留下。
They
urged
that
the
library
be
kept
open
during
the
vacation.
他们要求图书馆假期开放。
I
felt
an
urge
to
go
out
and
buy
a
big
bunch
of
flowers
to
decorate
the
living
room.
我有一股冲动,想去买一大束鲜花装点起居室。
This
is
a
matter
of
some
urgency.
这件事相当紧迫。
7.Extinctions,where
entire
species
are
wiped
out,are
not
unusual
in
our
Earth’s
history.在地球的历史上,整个物种的灭绝并不罕见。(P52)
【词汇精讲】在本句中wipe
out意为“彻底毁灭”。
Doctors
are
searching
for
a
cure
that
will
wipe
out
cancer.
医生们正在寻找消灭癌症的医疗方法。
Five
hundred
years
ago
the
plague
almost
wiped
out
the
population
of
the
island.
五百年前,鼠疫几乎消灭了这个岛上所有的人。
【词汇拓展】
wipe...with...用……擦……
wipe
sth
away/off/up擦掉/擦净某物
wipe
sth
off/from...把某物从……处擦掉(消除掉)
wipe
sth
from/off
one’s
mind/memory有意忘记某事物
Wipe
your
tears
away
with
a
soft
towel.
用柔软的毛巾,擦去你的泪痕。
I
like
to
wipe
the
windows
with
a
very
soft
cloth.
我喜欢用非常柔软的布擦窗子。
He
wiped
the
sweat
from
his
forehead.
他擦掉额头上的汗水。
8.The
reasons
for
extinctions
are
varied.灭绝的原因多种多样。(P52)
【词汇精讲】在本句中varied
用作形容词,意为“各种各样的,形形色色的”。
Yet,outdoor
activities
are
varied
and
tempting
in
the
U.S.A.
而各种各样的户外活动在美国则引人入胜。
【词汇拓展】
variety
n.多种样式;不同种类;多变性
a
variety
of
styles各种风格
variety
in
one’s
lifestyle生活方式的多样化
variety
show综艺节目
vary
vi.&
vt.变化,改变
various
adj.各种各样的;多方面的(=a
variety
of)
“Classical
music”
can
refer
to
various
kinds
of
music.Classical
music
ranges
from
jazz
to
pieces
for
large
orchestras.
“古典音乐”可以指各种各样的音乐。古典音乐的范围包括从爵士乐到大型管弦乐队的作品。
【温馨提示】(1)表示“多种多样”的表达还有:
all
sorts
of
people各种各样的人
all
kinds
of
reasons各种各样的原因
many
types
of
goods多种产品
(2)variety作“种类,品种”解时为可数名词,作“多样化”解时为不可数名词。
(3)“a
variety
of
+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“the
variety
of
+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
A
variety
of
books
have
been
published.
出版了各种各样的书。
9.According
to
scientists,they
include
volcanic
eruptions,asteroids
hitting
the
Earth
from
space,changes
in
sea
levels,the
decrease
of
the
oxygen
content
of
the
sea
and
global
warming.根据科学家的说法,它们包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面的变化、海洋含氧量的减少和全球变暖。(P52)
【词汇精讲】在本句中decrease
用作名词,意为“减少;减少的量”;还可以用作动词,意为“减少”。
So
even
if
emissions
were
to
begin
to
decrease
today,we
would
still
face
the
challenge
of
adapting
to
climate
change.
因此,即使今天的排放量开始减少,我们仍然要面对适应气候变化的挑战。
【词汇拓展】
decrease
in在……减少
decrease
to+数字　下降到……
decrease
by+分数、百分数或其他表示数量的词　下降了……
It
has
been
reported
that
the
exports
of
that
company
have
decreased
by
3%.
据报道,那家公司的出口下降了3%。
10.This
time,human
activity
will
be
to
blame.这一次,人类活动将是罪魁祸首。(P52)
【词汇精讲】在本句中blame
用作动词,意为“责怪,指责”。
We
tend
to
blame
TV,
he
says,
for
problems
it
doesn’t
really
cause,overlooking
our
own
roles
in
shaping
children’s
minds.
他说,我们倾向于把责任归咎于并非真正原因的电视而忽略了我们自己在塑造孩子思想上产生的影响。
【词汇拓展】
be
to
blame
(for
sth)
应该为(某事)负责任,应该(为某事)受责备
blame
sth
on
sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事
blame
sb
for
(doing)
sth因(做)某事而责备某人
blame
n.过失;责备
put/lay/place
the
blame
(for
sth)
on
sb把某事归咎于某人
She
blamed
her
parents
for
the
failure
of
her
marriage.
=She
blamed
the
failure
of
her
marriage
on
her
parents.
她把自己婚姻的失败归咎于父母。
Citizens
are
laying
the
blame
on
the
government
for
acting
too
late.
市民们责怪政府反应迟缓。
【温馨提示】
be
to
blame是主动形式表示被动意义。
I
feel
it
is
your
husband
who
is
to
blame
for
the
spoiled
child.
我认为孩子被惯坏是你丈夫的责任。
11.Although
it
is
not
unusual
for
species
to
die
out
naturally,the
rate
at
which
this
is
now
happening
is
cause
for
concern.虽然物种自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在这种情况发生的速度令人担忧。(P52)
【词汇精讲】die
out在本句中意为“消失;绝迹,灭绝”。
In
fact,half
of
the
6,000-7,000
languages
spoken
around
the
world
today
will
likely
die
out
by
the
next
century,according
to
the
United
Nations
Educational,Scientific
and
Cultural
Organization
(UNESCO).
实际上,根据联合国教科文组织报告,到下个世纪,世界上现有使用的6000~7000种语言中有一半将可能消失。
【词汇拓展】
die
away
(声音、风、光等)逐渐消失
die
off
(一群生物)相继死去
die
down
(慢慢地)熄灭;平息下来
All
his
anger
died
down.
他满腔的怒气渐渐平息下来.
12.It
is
clear
that
human
activity
has
negatively
affected
all
other
species
on
Earth,including
animals
and
plants.很明显,人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响,包括动物和植物。(P53)
【词汇精讲】在本句中affect用作动词,意为“影响”,它还可以意为“感染;打动”。
It
not
only
affects
our
everyday
life,but
may
also
threaten
people’s
lives.
它不仅影响我们的日常生活,而且也可能威胁人们的生命。
【词汇拓展】
be
affected
by被……所打动/影响
be
affected
with患上……疾病
effect
n.效果;作用;影响
have
an
effect
on/upon...对……有影响/效果
cause
and
effect因果
in
effect事实上
come
into
effect开始生效,开始实施
put/bring...into
effect实施;使生效
be
of
no
effect无效,没有作用,不中用
In
effect,the
only
thing
faster
than
the
speed
of
our
thoughts
is
the
speed
of
our
forgetfulness.
实际上,唯一比我们思想的速度快的就是我们健忘的速度。
【词语辨析】
affect、effect与influence
(1)affect指产生的影响之大足以引起反应,着重“影响”的动作,有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思。
The
slight
change
of
weather
can
affect
her
poor
health.
天气稍有变化就会影响她那虚弱的身体。
(2)effect作“影响”讲时,通常用作名词,构成have
an
effect
on/upon“对……有影响”。
The
education
quality
has
an
effect
on
society
market
needing
for
the
graduates
directly.
教育质量直接影响到社会市场对毕业生的需求。
(3)influence有动词和名词两个词性,指通过说服、举例对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响。
The
way
the
guests
were
treated
in
the
hotel
influenced
their
judgement
of
the
service.
客人在酒店里受到的待遇影响了他们对酒店服务的评价。
13.Of
course,as
we
humans
depend
on
so
many
species
for
our
survival,we
would
also
be
at
risk
of
dying
out.当然,由于我们人类依靠如此多的物种生存,我们也会有灭绝的危险。(P53)
【词汇精讲】在本句中be
at
risk意为“处境危险,受到威胁”。
The
disease
is
spreading,
and
all
young
children
are
at
risk.
疾病正在传播,所有的幼儿都有危险。
【词汇拓展】
risk
vt.冒……的危险　n.冒险;危险的人或物
risk
one’s
life冒着生命危险
risk
doing
sth冒险做某事
reduce/increase
the
risk
of降低/增加……的危险
at
the
risk
of
doing
sth冒着做某事的危险
run/take
the
risk
of
doing
sth冒着做某事的风险
risky
adj.危险的;大胆的;冒险的
Once
when
I
was
facing
a
decision
that
involved
high
risk,
I
went
to
a
friend.
曾经当我面对一次高风险的决定时,我去找了我的朋友。
But
Simon
decided
to
risk
his
life
and
tried
to
lower
Joe
down
the
mountain
on
a
rope.
但是西蒙决定冒着生命危险,用登山绳尽力把乔放到山下。
He
is
not
willing
to
take
the
risk
of
losing
his
money.
他不愿冒赔钱的风险。
【温馨提示】
risk后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语。另外enjoy、finish、practise、feel
like、avoid、mind、suggest、imagine、keep等动词(短语)也要用动词-ing形式作宾语,不能跟动词不定式。
重点句式
1.They
found
that
human
activity
is
causing
species
to
die
out
1,000
times
faster
than
normal.他们发现,人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度是正常情况下的1000倍。(P53)
【句式剖析】句中1,000
times
faster
than意为“比……快一千倍”,表示倍数。
The
electronic
waste
stream
is
increasing
three
times
faster
than
traditional
garbage
as
a
whole.
总体来说,电子垃圾的增长速度比传统垃圾快三倍。
The
researchers
found
that
laptop
users
took
twice
as
many
notes
as
those
who
wrote
by
hand.
研究人员发现,笔记本电脑用户记的笔记是那些手写者的两倍。
【句式拓展】
英语中表示倍数的句型常见的有以下五种:
(1)A
is...times
as
long/wide/high/large/deep...as
B。如:
The
dictionary
is
almost
five
times
as
expensive
as
that
one.
这本字典比那本差不多贵五倍。
We
have
produced
by
now
three
times
as
many
computers
as
we
did
last
year.
我们目前已经生产出的计算机的数量是去年的三倍。
(2)A
is...times
longer/wider/higher/larger/deeper...than
B。如:
China’s
population
is
more
than
100
times
larger
than
that
of
their
country.
中国的人口比他们国家的人口多一百多倍。
The
new
street
is
3
times
wider
than
the
old
one.
新街比老街宽三倍。
(3)A
is...times
the
length/width/height/size/depth...of
B。如:
China
is
almost
twice/double
the
size
of
their
country
in
area.
在面积上中国差不多是他们国家的两倍。
This
rope
is
more
than
five
times
the
length
of
that
one.
这根绳的长度是那根绳的五倍多。
(4)A
is...times+what从句。如:
The
length
of
the
road
is
double
what
it
was
three
years
ago.
这条路的长度是三年前的两倍。
The
dictionary
costs
three
times
what
it
did
before.
这本字典的价钱是过去的三倍。
(5)A
has
increased/decreased/reduced/gone
up/risen
by...times。如:
The
price
of
meat
has
gone
up
by
three
times.
肉价上涨了三倍。
The
costs
have
been
reduced
by
20%
after
the
new
equipment
was
brought
in.
新设备引进后,成本已经减少了20%。
2.Without
forests,we
would
have
no
air
to
breathe,and
without
clean
water
we
would
be
unable
to
survive.没有森林,我们将没有空气呼吸,没有干净的水,我们将无法生存。(P53)
【句式剖析】句中without和no构成双重否定,用以加强语气。without
还可以表示“如果没有”,用于虚拟语气,相当于but
for。
Without
his
wartime
experiences,Hemingway
wouldn’t
have
written
his
famous
novel
A
Farewell
to
Arms.
没有战时的经历的话,海明威就不可能写出《永别了,武器》这部名著。
Please
don’t
leave
without
me.
请让我和你一起去。
They
never
meet
without
quarreling.
他们一见面就要吵嘴。
重点语法
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确,因而不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
1.关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose
(1)that既可指代事物也可指代人,which指代事物,在从句中均可作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
The
film
(that/which)
we
saw
last
night
was
very
wonderful.
昨晚我们看的那部电影非常棒。
(2)who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,who可以作从句的主语和宾语,whom只能作宾语。
He
knew
the
teacher
who/whom
we
met
yesterday.
他认识我们昨天遇见的那个老师。
(3)whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它引导的从句可以修饰人和物。
I
saw
a
boy
standing
on
the
ground,whose
hat
was
red.
我看见一个男孩站在地上,他的帽子是红色的。
(4)“介词+关系代词”指人时关系代词用whom,指物时用which。
She
is
the
girl
with
whom
I
went
there.
她就是和我去那儿的女孩。
2.关系副词:where、when、why
(1)where用来引导表示地点的定语从句。
I
went
to
the
Zhongshan
Park,where
I
spent
the
whole
morning
with
my
students.
我去了中山公园,在那里我整个上午都和我的学生在一起。
(2)when引导定语从句表示时间。
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
I
met
you.
我永远不会忘记遇见你的那天。
(3)why引导定语从句表示原因,先行词一般为reason等。
Is
this
the
reason
why
he
explained
at
the
meeting
for
his
carelessness
in
his
work?
这就是他在会上解释工作中粗心大意的原因吗?
3.定语从句中只用that不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all、any、anything、everything、nothing或被它们修饰时。
Is
there
anything
that
I
can
do
for
you?
有什么我可以为你做的吗?
All
that
can
be
done
must
be
done.
凡是能做的都必须做。
(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
That
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
books
that
are
sold
in
the
bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The
first
thing
that
we
should
do
is
get
some
food.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
(3)当先行词有the
only、the
very、the
same、the
last
等修饰时。
My
necklace
is
not
the
only
thing
that’s
missing.
我的项链不是丢掉的唯一的东西。
(4)当主句以who或which开头时。
Who
is
the
girl
that
is
wearing
a
red
coat?
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?
(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。
The
writer
and
his
novel
that
you
have
just
talked
about
are
really
well-known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句在句中主要起补充说明作用,在非限定性定语从句与主句之间往往有逗号隔开,独立存在,缺失也不会影响整个句子的意思。
1.which引导非限制性定语从句,说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的一部分。
The
novel,which
I
have
read
three
times,is
very
touching.
这本小说很动人,我已读了三遍。
2.who引导非限制性定语从句,作从句的主语。
Our
guide,who
was
a
French
Canadian,was
an
excellent
cook.
我们的导游是法裔加拿大人,他是个出色的厨师。
3.whom引导非限制性定语从句,指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。
Peter,whom
you
met
in
London,is
now
back
in
Paris.
你在伦敦见过的彼得现在已经回巴黎了。
4.whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。
The
boy,
whose
hat
is
red,
studies
very
hard.
那个帽子是红色的男孩学习很努力。
5.when引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作时间状语,指代主句中的时间。
He
will
come
here
tomorrow,
when
he
will
be
free.
他明天有空的时候会来这里。
6.where引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,指代主句中的地点。
They
went
back
to
London,where
was
their
hometown.
他们回到了伦敦,那里是他们的家乡。
7.as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如;好像”。
As
is
known
to
all,
China
is
a
developing
country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
限制性和非限制性定语从句区别
1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
This
is
the
house
that
we
bought
last
month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The
house,
which
we
bought
last
month,
is
very
nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2.当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
Charles
Smith,who
was
my
former
teacher,retired
last
year.
查尔斯·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My
house,which
I
bought
last
year,has
got
a
lovely
garden.
我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He
seems
not
to
have
grasped
what
I
meant,which
greatly
upsets
me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我很心烦。
Liquid
water
changes
to
vapour,which
is
called
evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫作蒸发。
注意:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
Ⅰ.定语从句用关系代词或关系副词填空
1.September
1st
is
the
day
　　　　　students
go
back
to
school
after
a
summer
vocation.?
答案:when
2.I
don’t
like
the
way　　　　　
you
treats
animals.?
答案:that
3.We
finally
got
to
the
village,　　　　　
we
saw
rows
of
newly
built
houses.?
答案:where
4.The
reason
　　　　　he
won
the
first
place
in
the
competition
is
that
not
only
did
he
follow
the
teacher’s
advice,but
also
he
was
trained
hard.?
答案:why
5.The
reason
　　　　　he
told
me
for
his
absence
was
not
acceptable.?
答案:that
6.Here
is
the
bike
　　　　　　　　　　I
paid
$200.?
答案:for
which
7.All
the
neighbours
admire
this
family,　　　　　
the
parents
are
treating
their
child
like
a
friend.?
答案:where
8.His
movie
won
several
awards
at
the
film
festivals,　　　　　
was
beyond
his
wildest
dream.?
答案:which
9.It
was
a
great
joy
to
work
with
all
these
people,every
one
of
　　　　　is
such
a
nice
person.?
答案:whom
10.Which
is
the
shopping
mall　　　　　you
recommended
to
the
foreign
guests??
答案:that
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.我将不会忘记和你一起去香山看红叶的那个秋天。
答案:I
will
never
forget
the
autumn
when
I
went
to
the
Fragrant
Hill
to
see
the
red
leaves
with
you.
2.正如老师昨天说的那样,我们要对未来充满信心。
答案:As
the
teacher
told
us
yesterday,we
should
be
confident
of
our
future.
3.我们班有很多作文写得好的学生。
答案:In
our
class,we
have
many
students
whose
compositions
are
well
written.
4.这是一部以前从未上映过的令人印象最深刻的电视剧。
答案:This
is
the
most
impressive
TV
play
that
has
never
been
put
on
before.
5.努力工作是你成功的唯一办法。
答案:Hard
work
is
the
only
way
that
leads
to
your
success.
6.太阳温暖了地球,使得万物得以生长。
答案:The
sun
heats
the
earth,which
makes
it
possible
for
plants
to
grow.
7.如果我们举办演讲比赛的地点定下来,我会通知你的。
答案:I
will
keep
you
informed
if
the
place
where
we’re
to
have
the
Speech
Contest
is
decided.
8.那就是成就我梦想的美丽校园。
答案:That
is
the
beautiful
campus
where
I
made
my
dreams
come
true.
9.他已经找到了他能胜任的一份好工作。
答案:He
has
found
a
good
job
for
which
he
is
qualified.
10.凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。
答案:The
man
who
has
made
up
his
mind
to
win
will
never
say
“impossible”.
Ⅲ.课文语篇填空
In
the
last
500
million
years,there
have
been
five
times
　1　
life
on
Earth
has
almost
ended.Many
　2　
(scientist)
say
we
are
now
entering
the
Earth’s
sixth
mass
extinction.There
is
　3　
long
list
of
reasons
why
so
many
species
　4　
(die)
out.This
time,human
activity
will
be
　5　
(blame)
because
human
activity
is
causing
species
to
die
out
1,000
times
　6　
(fast)
than
normal
and
has
　7　
(negative)
affected
all
other
species
on
Earth,including
animals
and
plants.If
a
sixth
mass
extinction
　8　
(occur),we
would
also
be
　9　
risk
of
dying
out
as
our
world
and
our
lives
depend
on
the
balance
in
nature
between
animals
and
plants.In
order
to
stop
the
sixth
extinction,we
need
to
take
steps
to
stop
　10　
(destroy)
the
planet
that
we
live
on
and
start
to
protect
it.?
答案:1.when　2.scientists　3.a　4.are
dying　5.to
blame　6.faster　7.negatively　8.occurs　9.at　10.destroying
Ⅳ.概要写作
根据P52-53课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
参考范文
There
are
a
variety
of
causes
of
the
coming
sixth
mass
extinction,but
human
activity
is
the
main
one
of
them.(要点1)Human
activity
speeds
up
the
rate
of
species
to
die
out,including
animals
and
plants.(要点2)
Once
the
balance
in
nature
between
animals
and
plants
is
lost,we
would
be
unable
to
survive.(要点3)
However,only
we
take
action
to
change
our
lifestyle
can
a
sixth
extinction
be
avoided.(要点4)(共66张PPT)
Section
C　WRITING
WORKSHOP
&
VIEWING
WORKSHOP
&
READING
CLUB
&
ASSESSMENT
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.organic
adj.　　　
　?
2.institute
n.　　　　
?
3.poultry
n.　　　　
?
4.billion
n.　　　　?
5.committee
n.　　　　?
6.temple
n.　　　　
?
7.Confucius
　　　　?
8.memorial
n.　　　　
　
adj.　　
　　　?
9.thunderstorm
n.　　　　?
10.typhoon
n.　　　　?
11.agricultural
adj.　　　　?
12.Atlantic
adj.　　　　
?
不使用化肥的,有机的,绿色的
机构;研究院　
家禽肉,家禽　
十亿　
委员会　
庙宇,寺院　
孔子　
纪念馆;纪念碑　
(对逝者)纪念的,追悼的　
雷暴　
台风　
农业的　
大西洋的　
13.　　　　　
n.论说文;散文?
14.　　　　　
vt.包含,需要?
15.　　　　　
n.反对者;对手,敌手?
16.　　　　　
adj.残忍的?
17.　　　　　
n.例子,实例?
18.　　　　　
vt.声称;断言;主张　n.声称;(根据权力而提出的)要求?
19.　　　　　
n.化学品　adj.化学的?
20.　　　　　
n.药物,药材;毒品?
21.　　　　　
vt.概括,总结　n.金额,款项;总数?
22.　　　　　
vt.雕,刻?
23.　　　　　
n.谷,山谷?
24.　　　　　
adj.景色优美的?
25.　　　　　
adj.古老的;历史上重要的?
essay　
involve　
opponent　
cruel
instance　
claim　
chemical　
drug　
sum
carve　
valley　
scenic　
historic
重点短语
1.　　
　　　例如?
2.　　　　　概括,总结?
for
instance　
sum
up
重点句式
1.On
the
other
hand,opponents
of
factory
farming
say
that
it
is
cruel
to
the
animals.
2.Up
to
2019,there
are
55
world
heritage
sites
in
China,which
has
the
same
number
of
sites
as
Italy.
3.The
building
that
people
visit
most
is
the
Temple
of
Confucius.
4.At
the
ball,Mathilde
is
the
most
elegant
and
graceful
woman
there,smiling
and
happy.
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P62文章,搭配段落大意。
1.Paragraph
1
　　　　?
2.Paragraph
2
　　　　?
3.Paragraph
3
　　　　?
4.Paragraph
4
　　　　?
A.Definition
of
factory
farming.
B.Reduction
of
factory
farming.
C.Cruelty
to
the
animals
and
a
bad
influence
on
the
environment.
D.Low
costs
and
high
production
of
factory
farming
with
fewer
diseases.
答案:
ADCB
B.阅读P65-67文章,判断正(T)误(F)。
1.The
Temple
and
Mansion
of
Confucius
is
surrounded
by
fields,mountains
and
rivers.
2.Visitors
can
see
many
protected
species
of
plants
and
endangered
animals
in
Jiuzhaigou.
3.Terrible
environmental
disasters
are
constantly
common.
4.Overpopulation
and
global
warming
contribute
a
lot
to
environmental
disasters.
5.Most
disaster
experts
believe
that
things
could
get
much
better.
答案:
FTTTF
C.根据P71-73文章,选出最佳选项。
1.What
can
we
safely
say
about
Guy
de
Maupassant?
A.His
father
died
when
he
was
eleven.
B.He
was
introduced
to
Zola
by
his
father.
C.His
literary
career
was
at
most
ten
years.
D.He
spent
his
43rd
birthday
at
home
in
France.
2.What
did
Mathilde
Loisel
desire
to
do?
A.To
lead
a
simple
life.
B.To
be
a
wealthy
woman.
C.To
marry
an
honest
man.
D.To
buy
her
husband
hunting
gun.
答案:C　
答案:B　
3.How
about
Mathilde
Loisel
at
the
ball?
A.Standing
out
above
the
rest.
B.Losing
the
necklace
on
the
ground.
C.Dancing
with
the
minister
repeatedly.
D.Sending
the
wrap
to
her
school
friend.
4.What
happened
when
Mathilde
Loisel
found
the
necklace
lost?
A.She
wrote
a
letter,
telling
Forestier
everything.
B.She
bought
a
similar
necklace
despite
huge
debt.
C.She
and
her
husband
separated
and
led
a
hard
life.
D.She
was
told
the
necklace
was
only
costume
jewellery.
答案:A　
答案:B　
重点词汇
1.Factory
farming
involves
keeping
farm
animals
inside
buildings
to
increase
the
production
of
meat
or
eggs.工厂化养殖包括将农场动物饲养在建筑物内,以增加肉或蛋的产量。(P62)
【词汇精讲】在本句中involve用作动词,意为“包含”,它还可以意为“需要;使忙于;牵涉;使卷入;使陷入”。
A
letter
of
credit
will
involve
unnecessary
extra
charges.
信用证包含不必要的额外开支。
Don’t
involve
other
people
in
your
trouble.
别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中。
【词汇拓展】
involve
sb/sth
in使某人/物参与、陷入或牵扯到……中
involve
with与(某人)有密切关系
involvement
n.卷入;牵连;参与
John
would,sooner
or
later,involve
himself
in
serious
trouble.
约翰迟早会把他自己卷入危险的困境中去。
Don’t
involve
yourself
with
those
people.
不要和那些人混在一起。
2.On
the
other
hand,opponents
of
factory
farming
say
that
it
is
cruel
to
the
animals.另一方面,反对工厂化养殖的人说这对动物很残忍。(P62)
【词汇精讲1】在本句中opponent用作名词,意为“反对者”。
I
tried
to
comfort
him
after
he
was
defeated
by
his
opponent.
他被对手击败后,我尽力安慰他。
She
is
one
of
the
strongest
opponents
of
the
policy.
她是这项政策最强烈的反对者之一。
【词汇拓展1】
oppose
vt.反对;反抗;阻挠
oppose
doing
sth反对做某事
opposed
adj.反对的;对立的
be
opposed
to
(doing)
sth反对(做)某事
opposite
adj.相反的;对面的
This
is
opposed
to
the
“early
bird”
schedule,and
is
a
kind
of
disorder
where
the
individual
tends
to
stay
up
much
past
midnight.
这是与“早起型”相反的作息,是一种人们习惯熬过午夜的紊乱现象。
They
are
strongly
opposed
to
the
idea
of
moving
abroad.
他们强烈反对移居国外。
【词汇精讲2】在本句中cruel用作形容词,意为“残忍的”,还可以意为“残酷的;引起痛苦的”。
The
death
of
their
daughter
was
a
cruel
blow.
女儿的死对他们是一个残酷的打击。
【词汇拓展2】
be
cruel
to对……残酷/残忍
It
is
cruel
of
sb
to
do
sth.某人做某事太残忍。
cruelty
n.残酷;虐待;残酷的行为
We’ll
never
forget
the
cruelties
of
the
invaders.
我们永远不会忘记入侵者的暴行。
It
was
cruel
of
them
to
make
the
donkey
carry
such
a
heavy
load.
他们让驴子驮那样重的东西,真是残忍。
A
mother
who
is
cruel
to
her
child
is
unnatural.
对自己的孩子残忍的母亲是不近人情的。
3.For
instance,many
farm
animals
are
kept
in
small
spaces
where
they
can
hardly
move.例如,许多农场动物被关在狭小的空间里,它们几乎不能动弹。(P62)
【词汇精讲】在本句中instance用作名词,意为“例子,实例”。for
instance意为“例如”。
This
is
only
one
instance
out
of
many.
这不过是许多例子中的一个。
Most
food
webs,for
instance,consist
of
many
weak
links
rather
than
a
few
strong
ones.
例如,大多数食物网是由许多薄弱环节,而不是强环节组成的。
【词汇拓展】
(1)in
the
first
instance首先,最初
in
most
instances在大多数情况下
Land
is,in
most
instances,purchased
by
those
who
occupy
it.
在大多数情况下,土地都是由其使用者购得。
In
the
first
instance,let
us
deal
with
the
most
important
issue.
首先让我们来处理最紧要的问题。
(2)表示举例的常用词(组)有:such
as、such...as、for
example、like、including、especially等。
4.People
who
fight
for
animal
rights
claim
that
these
animals
suffer
terrible
stress.为动物权利而战的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。(P62)
【词汇精讲】在本句中claim用作动词,意为“声称;断言;主张”;还可以用作名词意为“声称;
(根据权力而提出的)要求”。
The
matter
claimed
our
serious
attention.
这件事需要我们认真注意。
Did
you
claim
on
the
insurance
after
your
car
accident?
出了车祸后,你向保险公司要求赔偿了吗?
The
government
would
not
even
consider
his
claim
for
money.
政府甚至不会考虑他的赔款要求。
He
set
up
a
claim
to
the
throne.
他自称王位是属于他的。
【词汇拓展】
claim
against
(根据……)有权利要求得到
claim
for声称/宣布……属于
make
a
claim
for对……提出要求
claim
to
do
sth认定做某事
claim
to
be
doing
sth认定正在做某事
claim
to
have
done
sth认定做了某事
claim
that...认定……
You
should
be
able
to
claim
against
the
car
insurance.
你可以要求得到汽车保险金。
The
discoverer
claimed
the
island
for
the
nation.
那个发现者宣布该岛属于他的国家。
5.To
sum
up,despite
producing
cheap
food,factory
farming
is
bad
for
the
planet
and
for
the
animals
themselves.总之,尽管生产廉价的食物,工厂化养殖对地球和动物本身都是有害的。(P62)
【词汇精讲】在本句中sum用作动词,意为“概括,总结”,还可以用作名词,意为“金额,款项;总数”;sum
up在本句中意为“概括,总结”。
What
I
just
said
is
the
sum
of
the
book.
我刚才所说的是这本书的要点。
We
can
sum
up
the
main
point
of
the
lesson
in
three
sentences.
我们可以用三句话概括本课要点。
【词汇拓展】
(1)a
sum
of一笔
(2)表示“总结,概要”的短语还有:
in
summary
in
short
in
brief
in
conclusion
in
a/one
word
6.This
site
is
located
in
Qufu,Shandong
Province,and
is
a
memorial
to
Confucius.这个遗址位于山东省曲阜市,是孔子的纪念地。(P65)
【词汇精讲】在本句中memorial
用作名词,意为“纪念馆;纪念碑”;还可以用作形容词,意为“(对逝者)纪念的,追悼的”。
He
was
often
seen
at
funerals
and
memorials.
人们经常在葬礼和追悼会上见到他。
Several
international
celebrities
were
present
at
the
statesman’s
memorial
service.
好几位国际知名人士出席了这位政治家的追悼仪式。
【词汇拓展】
as
a
memorial
作为纪念
for
a
memorial
作为纪念物
memorial
to
为……设的纪念碑
memory
n.记忆
in
memory
of以纪念
memorise
vt.记住,背熟
She
set
up
an
educational
fund
in
memory
of
her
mother.
她为了纪念母亲而设立了一个教育基金。
7.There
are
narrow
alleys,
pretty
streams,
small
stone
bridges
and
houses
with
carved
doors
and
painted
windows.这里有狭窄的小巷、美丽的溪流、小石桥和有雕花门和油漆过的窗子的房子。(P65)
【词汇精讲】在本句中carve用作动词,意为“雕,刻”。
The
statue
was
carved
out
of
marble.
这座雕像是用大理石雕刻的。
【词汇拓展】
carve
from/out
of用……雕刻
carve
into雕刻成
carve
out用辛勤的劳动创造出……
The
early
settlers
carved
out
a
new
nation
from
the
wild
uncultivated
country.
早期的定居者以艰苦的劳动在野蛮和未开化的国土上建立了一个崭新的国家。
8.Jiuzhaigou
Valley
Scenic
and
Historic
Interest
Area九寨沟风景名胜区(P65)
【词汇精讲】scenic用作形容词,意为“景色优美的”。
There
is
a
scenic
route
across
the
Alps.
穿越阿尔卑斯山有一条风景优美的路径。
【词汇拓展】
scene
n.现场;景色
on
the
scene在现场;当场;在台上
behind
the
scenes在幕后;暗中
appear/come
on
the
scene出场;登场
They
went
abroad
for
a
change
of
scene.
他们出国换换环境。
By
the
time
I
came
on
the
scene,it
was
all
over.
我到场时,一切都结束了。
重点句式
1.On
the
other
hand,opponents
of
factory
farming
say
that
it
is
cruel
to
the
animals.另一方面,反对工厂化养殖的人说这对动物很残忍。(P62)
【句式剖析】
on
(the)
one
hand“一方面”,常用作插入语,表示转折、对比,常构成“on
(the)
one
hand...on
the
other
(hand)...”结构,表示
“一方面……另一方面……”,表达不同的、对立的两个方面的观点,其中前面的the和后面的hand可以省略。
On
the
one
hand,we
should
develop
our
economy;on
the
other
hand,we
should
protect
the
environment.
一方面我们应该发展经济;另一方面我们应该保护环境。
【句式拓展】
on
(the)
one
hand...on
the
other
(hand)...
意为“一方面……另一方面……”,常用来表述一个事物的两个方面,通常用于引出不同的,尤指对立的观点、思想等
for
one
thing...for
another
(thing)...
意为“首先……,再者……”,陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致
I’m
not
going
to
buy
it;for
one
thing
I
don’t
like
the
colour,and
for
another
it’s
far
too
expensive.
我不会买它,首先我不喜欢这颜色,再者它也太贵了。
2.Up
to
2019,there
are
55
world
heritage
sites
in
China,which
has
the
same
number
of
sites
as
Italy.截至2019年,中国共有55处世界遗产,数量与意大利相当。(P65)
【句式剖析】这是一个主从复合句。句中which引导非限定性定语从句,定语从句中含有一个the
same...as...的短语。
This
is
the
same
pen
as
I
lost
yesterday.
这支钢笔与我昨天丢的一模一样。
【句式拓展】
the
same...as、the
same...that
一般用as表示同类事物,用that表示同一事物。
This
is
the
same
pen
that
I
lost
yesterday.
这正是我昨天丢的那支钢笔。
3.The
building
that
people
visit
most
is
the
Temple
of
Confucius.人们参观最多的建筑是孔庙。(P65)
【句式剖析】这是一个主从复合句。句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词building。
【句式拓展】
先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,如果关系词在定语从句中作状语,则用关系副词;若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则用关系代词。比较:
This
is
the
factory
where
I
want
to
work.
这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词,where在定语从句中用作状语)
This
is
the
factory
that
I
want
to
visit.
这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词,that用作visit的宾语)
The
reason
why
he
can’t
come
is
that
he
is
ill.
他没来的原因是他病了。(come为不及物动词,why在定语从句中用作状语)
The
reason
that
he
came
up
with
yesterday
is
very
important.
他昨天提出的理由很重要。(come
up
with为及物动词,that在定语从句中用作其宾语)
4.At
the
ball,Mathilde
is
the
most
elegant
and
graceful
woman
there,smiling
and
happy.在舞会上,玛蒂尔德是最漂亮、最优雅的女人,她面带微笑,十分开心。(P72)
【句式剖析】句中smiling
and
happy是形容词作伴随状语。
The
Eagles
went
home
angry
and
bitter
because
they
did
not
win
the
tournament.
老鹰队因为没有赢得锦标赛而愤愤不平地回了家。
【句式拓展】
形容词(短语)在句中作状语可以用来表示原因、时间、伴随等,说明主语所处的状态。
She
sat
there,
silent.她坐在那儿,默不作声。(形容词作状语,表示主语所处的状态)
文化意识
How
Many
Species
Are
Endangered?
There
are
26,500
species
threatened
with
extinction,according
to
the
International
Union
for
Conservation
of
Nature
(IUCN),a
global
network
of
some
16,000
scientists.That
includes
40
percent
of
amphibian
species,33
percent
of
reef-building
corals,25
percent
of
mammals,and
14
percent
of
birds.There
are
now
only
7,000
cheetahs
left,and
the
number
of
African
lions
is
down
43
percent
since
1993.Only
about
100
Amur
leopards—often
poached
for
their
beautiful
coats—are
left
in
the
wild
in
southeastern
Russia
and
China.A
third
of
insect
species
are
endangered,and
the
total
number
of
bugs
on
Earth
is
dropping
by
2.5
percent
every
year.“There
are
examples
of
species
all
over
the
world
that
are
essentially
the
walking
dead,”
said
biologist
Paul
Ehrlich.
高分写作
观点对比类作文
一、审题定调
观点对比类作文又称为正反观点类作文,主要是就社会上出现的某一个问题进行讨论。首先对问题进行客观的陈述;然后说明当前正反两方面的看法以及各自的理由;最后作者发表自己的观点。
二、谋篇布局
该写作任务可以分成三个部分。
第一部分:开门见山,直接说出观点;
第二部分:陈述赞成或者反对的理由;
第三部分:个人看法。
三、写作模板
There
is
a
discussion
about/on
　　　　　.?
Opinions
are
divided
on
the
question.　　　　　
agreed,for
they
believe
that
　　　　　.For
one
thing,　　　　　.For
another
thing,　　　　　.Furthermore/Besides,　　　　　.However,　　　　　
disagreed
with
　　　　　.They
hold
the
view
that
　　　　　.First
of
all,　　　　　.Moreover,　　　　　.Most
important
of
all,　　　　　.?
In
my
opinion/As
far
as
I
am
concerned,　　　　　.?
四、组织语言
1.The
topic
of
the
discussion
is
becoming
more
and
more
popular
recently.讨论的话题最近变得越来越流行。
2.There
are
two
sides
of
opinions
about
it.Some
people
say
A
is
their
favourite.关于这件事有两种观点。有些人说A是他们的最爱。
3.They
hold
their
view
for
the
reason
of...他们坚持他们的观点是因为……
4.While
others
think
that
B
is
a
better
choice
in
the
following
three
reasons.而另一些人认为B是更好的选择,有以下三个原因。
5.From
my
point
of
view,I
think...在我看来,我认为……
6.The
reason
is
that...原因是……
7.As
a
matter
of
fact,there
are
some
other
reasons
to
explain
my
choice.For
me,the
former
is
surely
a
wise
choice.事实上,还有其他一些原因可以解释我的选择。对我来说,前者无疑是一个明智的选择。
8.Some
people
believe
that...For
example,they
think...And
it
will
bring
them...有些人认为……例如,他们认为……它会带给他们……
9.In
my
opinion,I
never
think
this
reason
can
be
the
point.在我看来,我从来没有认为这个原因是关键。
10.From
all
what
I
have
said,I
agree
to
the
thought
that...从我所说的一切来看,我同意……
现在很多青少年出国留学,有的人认为这种做法是有益的,也有人认为这种做法不正确。请你以Views
on
Teenagers
Studying
Abroad为题,写一篇有关青少年出国留学的英语文章。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.谈谈自己的看法;
3.可以适当添加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Views
on
Teenagers
Studying
Abroad
Recently,more
and
more
teenagers
choose
to
study
abroad.
Many
people
think
that
it
will
certainly
do
good
to
the
children
because
the
independent
life
will
make
them
learn
confidence
and
perseverance.Moreover,the
quality
of
overseas
education
is
often
higher,thus
the
child
can
stand
a
better
chance
of
entering
a
better
university
and
getting
a
better
job
in
the
future.However,many
others
disagree
with
it.On
the
one
hand,early
independent
life
is
not
necessarily
good.On
the
other
hand,the
educational
quality
is
also
a
problem.
In
my
opinion,although
studying
abroad
may
bring
favorable
results,there
are
still
a
lot
to
worry
about.It’s
necessary
for
the
parents
and
the
young
students
to
think
second
before
making
the
decision.
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
In
the
last
few
years,environmental
disasters
　1　
(become)more
and
more
common.Terrible
floods
and
storms
are
getting
worse
and
worse
everywhere
and
　2　
(reduce)rainfall
brings
about
more
severe
droughts.Volcanic
　3　
(eruption)
and
earthquakes
are
often
the
case.Overpopulation
is
the
main
reason.　4　top
of
that,global
warming
and
the
　5　
(destroy)of
the
world’s
forests
contribute
a
lot
to
it.Of
course,Landslides
and
earthquakes
have
an
important
role
　6　
(play)
in
it.Homes
built
from
　7　materials
that
could
be
found
can
easily
collapse
during
earthquakes
or
landslides,　8　
(especial)after
heavy
rain.Most
disaster
experts
believe,if
we
don’t
take
immediate
action,things
could
get
　9　
lot
worse.For
example,we
haven’t
seen
the
　10　
(bad)
result
of
eruption.?
答案:1.have
become　2.reduced　3.eruptions　4.On　5.destruction　6.to
play　7.whatever　8.especially　9.a
10.worst
Ⅱ.概要写作
根据P72-73课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
参考范文
Mathilde
Loisel
was
a
beautiful
woman
but
lives
a
miserable
life.She
dreamed
of
being
part
of
the
upper
class.(要点1)
Invited
to
a
ball,she
had
to
borrow
a
beautiful
diamond
necklace
from
her
friend.She
was
the
centre
of
the
ball,but
unfortunately,she
lost
the
necklace
and
had
to
buy
a
similar
one
to
return
to
her
friend
in
huge
debt.(要点2)
She
worked
hard
to
pay
off
the
debt
in
the
next
years.(要点3)
Finally,she
came
across
her
friend
one
day
and
the
latter
told
her
the
necklace
she
had
lost
was
only
costume
jewellery
worth
only
five
hundred
francs.(要点4)UNIT
3
CONSERVATION
Section
C　WRITING
WORKSHOP
&
VIEWING
WORKSHOP
&
READING
CLUB
&
ASSESSMENT
课后篇巩固提升
基础夯实
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.It
is
a
good
　　　　　(论说文)apart
from
a
few
slight
faults.?
答案essay
2.　　　　　
(有机的)produce
is
likely
slightly
healthier
to
eat.?
答案Organic
3.Can
you
put
me
through
to
the
president
office
of
the
　　　　　(研究院)??
答案institute
4.There
is
not
much　　　　　
(家禽肉)in
the
shops.?
答案poultry
5.We
gain
an
advantage
over
our
o　　　　
because
of
much
more
resources.?
答案opponent
6.The
scientist
c　　　　
to
have
invented
a
new
kind
of
car.?
答案claimed
7.They
contain
a
harmful
c　　　　
that
caused
my
liver
to
fail.?
答案chemical
8.The
government
declared
war
on
the
　　　　　(毒品)
dealers.?
答案drug
9.We
were
astonished
to
find
the
　　　　　(寺院)still
in
its
original
condition.?
答案temple
10.A
stream
is
winding
it’s
way
through
the
　　　　　(山谷)
into
the
river.?
答案valley
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.School
officials
say
they
welcome
parental
　　　　　(involve).?
答案involvement
2.She
was
shocked
by
the
　　　　　(cruel)
of
his
words,thinking
he
was
too
hard
on
her.?
答案cruelty
3.The　　　　　
(scene)
spot
is
on
northwestern
outside
of
Beijing.?
答案scenic
4.Some
were
in
memory
of
settlers’
former
homes,others
in
honour
of
　　　　　(history)
events.?
答案historic
5.Even
in
advanced
　　　　　(agriculture)
societies,it
took
about
ninety-five
people
on
farms
to
feed
five
people
in
cities.?
答案agricultural
6.You
have
a
tendency
to
avoid　　　　　
(argue).?
答案argument
7.Though
having
lived
abroad
for
years,many
Chinese
still
observe
　　　　　(tradition)
customs.?
答案traditional
8.The
last
few
years
have
seen　　　　　
(environment)
disasters
on
a
grand
scale,and
experts
are
predicting
far
worse
to
come.?
答案environmental
9.The
majority
of
people
would
not
support
this
type
of
　　　　　(science)
research.?
答案scientific
10.There
are
sometimes
great
　　　　　(culture)
differences
even
between
native
English
speakers.?
答案cultural
Ⅲ.选择合适的短语完成句子
in
that
way,
apart
from,
sum
up,
for
instance,
home
to,
fight
for,
suffer
from,
at
the
rate
of,
on
top
of
that,
be
located
in
1.I
enjoyed,　　　　　,the
chapter
in
which
Harold
discovers
how
to
think
on
his
own.?
答案for
instance
2.To
　　　　　,it’s
worthwhile
to
rebuild
the
old
bridge.?
答案sum
up
3.I’d
prefer
to
do
it
in
this
way
rather
than
　　　　　.?
答案in
that
way
4.　　　　　this,the
actual
cost
of
misused
light
is
estimated
to
be
millions
of
dollars
every
year.?
答案Apart
from
5.He
has　　　　　the
lung
cancer
for
many
years.?
答案suffered
from
6.No
matter
what
happens
in
the
court,the
judges
must
stand
for
us
to
　　　　　the
justice
of
our
cause.?
答案fight
for
7.The
island
is　　　　　
many
birds
and
animals.?
答案home
to
8.Narvik
　　　　　the
south
of
Norway.?
答案is
located
in
9.　　　　　,he
believes
in
working
for
money.?
答案On
top
of
that
10.The
train
was
going　　　　　95
kilometres
an
hour.?
答案at
the
rate
of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.另一方面,黑色令人压抑。
　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,black
is
depressing.?
答案On
the
other
hand
2.他们匆忙地回家了,又饿又冷。
They
went
home
in
a
hurry,　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　.?
答案hungry
and
cold
3.这个书包和我昨天丢失的一样。
This
is
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I
lost
yesterday.?
答案the
same
bag
as
4.他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
He
stared
at
his
friend
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
答案with
his
mouth
wide
open
5.他死了,留下妻子和五个孩子。
He
died,　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　with
five
children.?
答案leaving
his
wife
素养提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文
(2020江西南昌六校期末联考)
A
new
study
has
found
that
North
American
migratory(迁徙的)
birds
have
been
getting
smaller
over
the
past
40
years.Researchers
say
the
finding
suggests
a
warming
climate(气候)
could
be
affecting
bird
growth
in
North
America—and
across
the
world.
The
study
was
recently
published
in
Ecology
Letters.Researchers
measured(测量)
the
size
of
80,000
birds
killed
from
1978
to
2016
during
the
spring
and
fall
migrations
in
the
city
of
Chicago,Illinois.Over
the
40-year
period,body
size
decreased
in
all
52
species.The
average
body
weight
fell
by
2.6
percent.Leg
bone
length
dropped
by
2.4
percent.The
one
area
of
growth
was
the
wingspan,which
increased
by
1.3
percent.
The
researchers
said
the
wing
growth
likely
happened
to
allow
the
birds
to
continue
making
long
migrations
with
smaller
bodies.The
study
considered
a
principle
known
as
Bergmann’s
rule,in
which
individuals
within
a
species
grow
smaller
in
warmer
areas
and
grow
larger
in
colder
ones.
Brian
Weeks,a
biologist
at
the
University
of
Michigan’s
School
for
Environment
and
Sustainability,helped
lead
the
research.He
said
that
he
believes
the
results
show
a
clear
connection
between
a
warming
climate
and
the
growth
of
the
birds.“In
other
words,climate
change
seems
to
be
changing
both
the
size
and
shape
of
these
species,”
he
said.
The
study
found
a
direct
connection
between
the
average
summer
temperature
and
the
body
size
of
the
birds.Dave
Willard
works
with
Chicago’s
Field
Museum,which
was
in
charge
of
measuring
all
the
birds.He
said
nearly
“everyone
agrees
that
the
climate
is
warming,but
examples
of
just
how
that
is
affecting
the
natural
world
are
only
now
coming
to
light.”?
“We
had
good
reason
to
expect
that
increasing
temperatures
would
lead
to
reductions
in
body
size,based
on
earlier
studies,”
Weeks
said.“I
was
incredibly
surprised
that
all
of
these
species
are
responding
in
such
similar
ways.”
The
researchers
plan
to
continue
studying
the
Field
Museum
data
in
an
effort
to
find
additional
evidence
to
support
their
findings.They
will
also
further
examine
the
idea
that
an
individual’s
physical
development
can
change
to
fit
changing
environmental
conditions.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,讲述了气候变暖会影响鸟类的生长。
1.Which
of
the
following
didn’t
go
down
to
a
lower
level?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.The
body
size.
B.The
body
weight.
C.The
leg
bone
length.
D.The
wingspan.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The
average
body
weight
fell
by
2.6
percent.Leg
bone
length
dropped
by
2.4
percent.The
one
area
of
growth
was
the
wingspan,which
increased
by
1.3
percent.”可知,翼展的尺寸没有变小。故选D项。
2.Which
of
the
following
took
responsibility
for
measuring
the
birds?
A.Ecology
Letters.
B.Brian
Weeks.
C.The
Field
Museum.
D.Dave
Willard.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Dave
Willard
works
with
Chicago’s
Field
Museum,which
was
in
charge
of
measuring
all
the
birds.”可知,Dave
Willard就职于芝加哥菲尔德博物馆,该博物馆负责测量所有鸟类。故选C项。
3.What
do
the
underlined
words
“coming
to
light”
in
Paragraph
5
mean?
A.Known.
B.Similar.
C.Intelligent.
D.Distant.
答案A
解析词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“We
had
good
reason
to
expect
that
increasing
temperatures
would
lead
to
reductions
in
body
size,based
on
earlier
studies,”可知,画线词语所在句指的是每个人都同意气候正在变暖,但关于气候变暖如何影响自然界的例子直到现在才为人所知。画线部分的意思是“知道”,故选A项。
4.The
main
idea
of
the
passage
is
that　　　.?
A.fifty-two
species
of
birds
became
smaller
B.the
warming
climate
could
affect
bird
growth
C.the
warming
climate
makes
the
birds
grow
larger
D.the
researchers
have
proved
their
findings
答案B
解析主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Researchers
say
the
finding
suggests
a
warming
climate(气候)
could
be
affecting
bird
growth
in
North
America—and
across
the
world.”
可知,研究人员表示,这一发现表明气候变暖可能会影响北美乃至全球的鸟类生长,由此可知本文的主要观点是气候变暖会影响鸟类的生长,故选B项。
B
主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文
(2020黑龙江哈尔滨高一期末考试)
In
the
past
50
years,the
amount
of
water
in
the
open
ocean
with
zero
oxygen
has
gone
up
more
than
fourfold.In
coastal
water
bodies,including
river
mouths
and
seas,low-oxygen
sites
have
increased
more
than
tenfold
since
1950.Scientists
expect
oxygen
to
continue
dropping
even
outside
these
zones
as
Earth
warms.
“Oxygen
is
fundamental
to
life
in
the
Oceans,”said
Denise
Breitburg,a
marine
ecologist
with
the
Smithsonian
Environmental
Research
Centre.“The
decline
in
ocean
oxygen
ranks
among
the
most
serious
effects
of
human
activities
on
the
Earth’s
environment.Actually,it’s
a
great
loss
to
all
the
support
services
that
rely
on
recreation
and
tourism,including
hotels
and
restaurants
and
taxi
drivers
and
everything
else.The
reverberations(严重影响)
of
unhealthy
ecosystems
in
the
ocean
can
be
extensive.”
In
areas
traditionally
called
“dead
zones”,like
those
in
Chesapeake
Bay
and
the
Gulf
of
Mexico,oxygen
plummets(大幅下跌)
to
so
low
levels
that
many
animals
die.As
fish
avoid
these
zones,their
habitats
become
smaller
and
they’re
easier
to
be
attacked
or
caught.But
the
problem
goes
far
beyond
“dead
zones”.Even
smaller
oxygen
decline
can
prevent
growth
in
animals,hinder
reproduction
and
lead
to
disease
or
even
death.It
can
also
cause
the
release
of
dangerous
chemicals
such
as
nitrous
oxide,a
greenhouse
gas
up
to
300
times
more
powerful
than
carbon
dioxide.While
some
animals
can
boom
in
“dead
zones”,overall
biodiversity
falls.
Climate
change
is
the
key
criminal
in
the
open
ocean.Warming
surface
waters
make
it
harder
for
oxygen
to
reach
the
inside
of
the
ocean.Furthermore,as
the
ocean
as
a
whole
gets
warmer,it
holds
less
oxygen.In
coastal
waters,too
much
nutrient
pollution
from
land
creates
algal
blooms,which
use
up
oxygen
as
they
die
and
break
down.
People’s
livelihoods
are
also
on
the
line,the
scientists
reported,especially
in
developing
nations.Smaller
fisheries(渔场)
may
be
unable
to
relocate
when
low
oxygen
destroys
their
harvests
or
forces
fish
to
move
elsewhere.So
we
humans
have
to
carry
on
a
war
now
and
win
the
war.
【语篇解读】人类活动导致全球变暖,气候变化影响海洋生物的生存,这些会相应地影响人类的生存,人类必须采取措施应对此问题。
5.What
does
the
first
paragraph
mainly
talk
about?
A.The
ocean
has
been
losing
its
oxygen.
B.The
amount
of
sea
water
is
increasing.
C.The
coastal
water
bodies
are
dangerous.
D.Earth
becomes
warmer
and
warmer.
答案A
解析主旨大意题。通过第一段可知海洋面临的现状,在过去的50年里,海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多,低氧地区自1950年以来增加了十倍多。科学家预计,随着地球变暖,即使在这些区域之外,氧气含量也会继续下降,故选A项。
6.What
can
we
infer
from
Denise
Breitburg’s
words?
A.Different
oceans
have
different
levels
of
oxygen.
B.The
decline
in
ocean
oxygen
has
great
influences.
C.The
future
of
tourism
relies
on
the
levels
of
ocean
oxygen.
D.The
decrease
in
ocean
oxygen
is
the
most
serious
environmental
problem.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第二段Denise
Breitburg所说的话可知,海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一,这种不健康的海洋生态系统的严重影响还会扩大,由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响,故选B项。
7.How
does
the
“dead
zone”
affect
sea
animals?
A.It
offers
more
food.
B.It
forms
dangerous
gas.
C.It
reduces
their
living
areas.
D.It
produces
more
carbon
dioxide.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第三段的“In
areas
traditionally
called
‘dead
zones’...oxygen
plummets(大幅下跌)
to
so
low
levels
that
many
animals
die.As
fish
avoid
these
zones,their
habitats
become
smaller
and
they’re
easier
to
be
attacked
or
caught.”可知,在“死亡地带”,氧气大幅下跌,许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时,它们的栖息地变小,更容易被攻击或捕获。故选C项。
8.How
can
we
win
the
war
according
to
the
text?
A.By
closing
smaller
fisheries.
B.By
controlling
humans’
bad
activities.
C.By
improving
people’s
living
standards.
D.By
stopping
nutrients
entering
the
ocean.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第二段的“The
decline
in
ocean
oxygen
ranks
among
the
most
serious
effects
of
human
activities
on
the
Earth’s
environment.Actually,it’s
a
great
loss
to
all
the
support
services
that
rely
on
recreation
and
tourism,including
hotels
and
restaurants
and
taxi
drivers
and
everything
else.”可知,是人类活动导致了海洋氧气减少,所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动,故选B项。
Ⅵ.应用文写作
(2020安徽宿州十三所省重点中学联考)
如今灭绝的物种越来越多,保护濒危动物尤为重要。现就如何保护濒危动物写一篇文章,内容如下:
1.动物濒危的原因;
2.保护的措施;
3.呼吁大家。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
?
?
?
?
?
?
参考范文
Everyone
knows
animals
are
our
friends.But
many
animals
are
facing
the
danger
of
extinction,because
the
environment
that
they
are
living
in
has
been
destroyed
greatly.What’s
worse,human
race
is
killing
them
just
for
getting
their
fur,skin,teeth
and
meat.
In
order
to
protect
our
resources
of
ecology,our
government
should
pass
laws
and
forbid
people
to
hunt
the
animals
in
danger.We
can
work
together
to
plant
more
trees
and
call
for
protecting
animals’
habitats.At
the
same
time,it
is
necessary
to
have
long-term
projects
to
help
the
endangered
animals.
Only
if
we
protect
animals
well
can
we
have
a
bright
future!
Ⅶ.概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2020福建师范大学附属中学期末考试)
These
days
our
society
develops
rapidly
and
forces
people
to
rush.It
appears
that
people
have
got
used
to
being
in
a
hurry.However,it’s
better
for
people
to
take
their
time
and
live
their
life
at
a
slower
pace
than
to
hurry
to
get
things
done.
The
main
reason
that
convinces
us
to
be
against
doing
work
in
a
hurry
is
the
possibility
of
doing
wrong
in
a
rush.When
people
do
their
jobs
or
take
action
in
a
hurry,they
can’t
make
a
sound
decision
and
probably
regret
later.As
the
saying
goes,“Haste
makes
waste.”
We
should
think
carefully
before
making
a
decision
and
do
our
work
less
quickly.We
should
not
make
mistakes
by
doing
work
hurriedly.
Slowing
down
the
pace
of
life
helps
people
enjoy
their
life
better.For
example,taking
a
train
to
some
place
certainly
will
take
more
time
than
taking
a
plane.However,taking
a
train
makes
people
have
enough
time
to
get
to
know
a
lot
of
new
friends.Besides,it
allows
people
to
fully
enjoy
the
beautiful
scenery
along
the
way.On
the
contrary,being
in
a
hurry
will
make
us
lose
chances
of
enjoying
our
lives.
Finally,slower
life
pace
provides
better
health
conditions
for
us.As
is
known
to
all,taking
action
in
a
hurry
bothers
people
and
raises
their
stress.People
think
if
they
are
not
in
a
hurry,they
will
become
a
loser
and
that
annoys
them.But
being
in
a
hurry
can
hurt
people
both
physically
and
mentally(精神上).According
to
some
studies,people
who
have
a
slower
pace
suffer
fewer
diseases,tend
to
be
happier
and
live
much
longer
than
those
whose
life
is
tense,even
if
the
former
finish
jobs
more
slowly
than
the
latter.
In
short,working
quickly
will
bring
about
more
material
benefits
to
make
our
society
more
advanced.Yet,much
stress
can’t
bring
enjoyment,friends
and
health,which
are
much
more
important
than
money
and
other
material
advantages.Therefore,take
your
time
and
live
your
life
at
a
slower
pace.
?
?
?
?
参考范文
Despite
being
accustomed
to
the
fast
pace
in
modern
society,people
are
recommended
to
lead
a
slower
life.(要点1)
Firstly,slowing
down
lowers
the
possibility
of
committing
errors
by
comprehensive
thinking.(要点2)
Secondly,more
opportunities
to
enjoy
life
are
allowed
by
a
slower
pace.(要点3)
Lastly,better
health
condition
physically
and
mentally
is
also
what
a
slower
life
brings.(要点4)
Therefore,let’s
take
a
slower
life
from
now
on(要点5).(共22张PPT)
单元重点小结
主题语境人与自然　环境保护
语音知识提出、接受建议
重点词汇
1.destroy
vt.破坏;毁掉
destroy
sb毁掉某人(的一生)
be
destroyed
by
fire被大火烧毁
destruction
n.破坏,毁坏
destroyer
n.破坏者;起破坏作用的东西
2.threat
n.威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
a
threat
to
sb/sth对某人/某物构成威胁
threaten
v.威胁
threaten
sb
(with
sth)
(用某物)威胁某人
threaten
to
do
sth恐吓要做某事
threatened
adj.受到威胁的
3.switch
vi.&
vt.转换,改变
swith
on接通,打开
switch
off=turn
off把……关掉,关上
switch
over
(to
sth)
转换频道;转变
switch
(from
sth)
to...从……转变到……
switch
roles转换角色
switch
A
with
B把A与B交换
4.play
an
important
role/part
in...在……中起重要作用/担任重要角色
play
the
role
of
sb=play/act
the
part
of
sb
(在剧中)扮演……角色
play
the
leading
role起带头(主要)作用
for
my
part至于我,对我来说
on
one’s
part由某人做出;就某人而言
take
part
in参加……,参与……活动
5.illegally
adv.非法地,违法地
illegal
adj.违法的,非法的
legal
adj.法律许可的,合法的
legally
adv.法律上,合法地
6.hunt
vi.&
vt.猎取,猎杀
hunt
after追猎(某动物);追逐(某物)
hunt
for寻找某人/某物
hunt
up
(在报纸上、书上等)找到(资料等)
7.urgent
adj.紧急的,急迫的
urge
vt.催促;极力主张　n.强烈的欲望、冲动,迫切的要求
urge
sb
to
do
sth/urge
sb
into
doing
sth
催促/敦促某人做某事
urge
that/It
is
urged
that...坚决主张……(用虚拟语气)
have/feel
an
urge
to
do
sth渴望做某事;有做某事的冲动/欲望
satisfy
an
urge满足欲望
urgency
n.紧急;急事;催促
urgently
adv.紧急地,急迫地
8.wipe
out彻底毁灭
wipe...with...用……擦……
wipe
sth
away/off/up擦掉/擦净某物
wipe
sth
off/from...把某物从……处擦掉(消除掉)
wipe
sth
from/off
one’s
mind/memory有意忘记某事物
9.varied
adj.各种各样的,形形色色的
variety
n.多种样式;不同种类;多变性
a
variety
of
styles各种风格
variety
in
one’s
lifestyle生活方式的多样化
variety
show综艺节目
vary
vi.&
vt.变化,改变
various
adj.各种各样的;多方面的(=a
variety
of)
10.decrease
v./n.减少;减少的量
decrease
in在……减少
decrease
to+数字　下降到……
decrease
by+分数、百分数或其他表示数量的词　下降了……
11.blame
v.责怪,指责
be
to
blame
(for
sth)应该为(某事)负责任,应该(为某事)受责备
blame
sth
on
sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事
blame
sb
for
(doing)
sth因(做)某事而责备某人
blame
n.过失;责备
put/lay/place
the
blame
(for
sth)
on
sb把某事归咎于某人
12.die
out消失;绝迹,灭绝
die
away
(声音、风、光等)逐渐消失
die
off
(一群生物)相继死去
die
down
(慢慢地)熄灭;平息下来
13.affect
v.感染;打动
be
affected
by被……所打动/影响
be
affected
with患上……疾病
effect
n.效果;作用;影响
have
an
effect
on/upon...对……有影响/效果
cause
and
effect因果
in
effect事实上
come
into
effect开始生效,开始实施
put/bring...into
effect实施;使生效
be
of
no
effect无效,没有作用,不中用
14.be
at
risk处境危险,受到威胁
risk
vt.冒……的危险　n.冒险;危险的人或物
risk
one’s
life冒着生命危险
risk
doing
sth冒险做某事
reduce/increase
the
risk
of降低/增加……的危险
at
the
risk
of
doing
sth冒着做某事的危险
run/take
the
risk
of
doing
sth冒着做某事的危险
risky
adj.危险的;大胆的;冒险的
15.set
out开始做某事,着手进行
set
out
(to
do
sth)=set
about
(doing
sth)开始(去做某事)
set
aside把……存储起来;留出;把……撇开
set
down制定;把……写下来,让……下车
set
off启程,出发;引爆;激起
set
up搭起;竖起;建立;成立
16.consumer
n.消费者
consume
vt.消耗,消费
consume
resources/time/stores消耗资源/时间/存物
consume
one’s
fortune消耗财产
consumption
n.消费,消耗量
17.wrap
v.包,裹
wrap
around/round用……包裹,裹身
wrap
in把……包在……里;遮蔽;使陷于
be
wrapped
up
in
sb/sth注意力完全集中于某人/物
18.aware
adj.意识到的,明白的
be
(well)
aware
of
(很)清楚,意识到
make
sb
aware
of使某人知道
be/become
aware
of开始意识到
be/become
aware
that意识到/开始意识到
as
far
as
sb
be
aware据某人所知
awareness
n.意识,认识
a
lack
of
awareness缺乏认识
develop
an
awareness
of逐渐懂得/意识到……
unaware
adj.不知道的,没察觉到的
19.anxious
adj.焦虑的,不安的
be
anxious
for/about为……担心/忧虑
be
anxious
for
sth渴望某事(物)
be
anxious
to
do
sth渴望做某事
be
anxious
for
sb
to
do
sth渴望某人做某事
be
anxious
that
sb
(should)
do
sth渴望某人做某事
anxiety
n.焦虑,烦恼,忧虑
anxiously
adv.忧虑地,不安地
20.annoyed
adj.烦恼的,生气的
be
annoyed
with
sb生某人的气
be
annoyed
at/about
sth因为某事生气
annoy
vt.使不悦;惹恼;打扰
annoying
adj.恼人的;讨厌的(多修饰物)
21.stressed
out焦虑的
stress
n.压力　v.强调;重读
under
stress在压力下
lay/place/put
stress
on/upon...对……施压(产生压力)
stress
the
importance
of...强调……的重要性
stressful
adj.压力重的(修饰物)
22.relate
v.相联系,有关联
be
related
to...与……有关联
relate
A
to/with
B把A和B联系起来
relate
to
sb/sth与某人/物有关;能理解并同情某人/某物
relative
adj.相比较而言的;相关联的　n.亲属,亲戚
relatively
adv.相对地,相当地
relationship
n.关系
relation
n.关系;亲属
have
relation
to/with和……有关
in
relation
to就……而论;和……联系起来看
23.suit
v.适合
suit
sth
to
sb/sth
使某事适合于某人/物
suitable
adj.合适的,适当的
be
suitable
for...适合……
be
suitable
to
do
sth
适合做某事
suited
adj.合适的;般配的
be
suited
to...适合于……
24.involve
v.使忙于;牵涉;使卷入;使陷入
involve
sb/sth
in使某人/物参与、陷入或牵扯到
involve
with与(某人)有密切关系
involvement
n.卷入;牵连;参与
25.opponent
n.反对者;对手,敌手
oppose
vt.反对;反抗;阻挠
oppose
doing
sth反对做某事
opposed
adj.反对的;对立的
be
opposed
to
(doing)
sth反对(做)某事
opposite
adj.相反的;对面的
26.cruel
adj.残忍的
be
cruel
to对……残酷/残忍
It
is
cruel
of
sb
to
do
sth.某人做某事太残忍。
cruelty
n.残酷;虐待;残酷的行为
27.instance
n.例子,实例
for
instance例如
in
the
first
instance首先,最初
in
most
instances在大多数情况下
28.claim
v.声称;断言;主张
claim
against
(根据……)有权利要求得到
claim
for声称/宣布……属于
make
a
claim
for对……提出要求
claim
to
do
sth认定做某事
claim
to
be
doing
sth认定正在做某事
claim
to
have
done
sth认定做了某事
claim
that...认定……
29.sum
v.概括,总结
sum
up概括,总结
a
sum
of一笔
30.memorial
n.纪念馆;纪念碑
as
a
memorial
作为纪念
for
a
memorial
作为纪念物
memorial
to
为……设的纪念碑
memory
n.记忆
in
memory
of以纪念
memorize
vt.记住,背熟
31.carve
v.雕,刻
carve
from/out
of用……雕刻
carve
into雕刻成
carve
out用辛勤的劳动创造出……
32.scenic
adj.景色优美的
scene
n.现场;景色
on
the
scene在现场;当场;在台上
behind
the
scenes在幕后;暗中
appear/come
on
the
scene出场;登场
重点句型
1.They
found
that
human
activity
is
causing
species
to
die
out
1,000
times
faster
than
normal.他们发现,人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度是正常情况下的1000倍。(P53)
2.Without
forests,we
would
have
no
air
to
breathe,and
without
clean
water
we
would
be
unable
to
survive.没有森林,我们将没有空气呼吸,没有干净的水,我们将无法生存。(P53)
3.In
the
last
20
years,the
number
of
cars
on
the
roads
has
gone
up
by
25%.在过去的20年里,道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。(P58)
4.To
be
frank,I’m
addicted
to
my
car.坦白地说,我非常喜欢我的车。(P59)
5.What
about
the
shops
around
the
corner?街角的商店怎么样?(P59)
6.On
the
other
hand,opponents
of
factory
farming
say
that
it
is
cruel
to
the
animals.另一方面,反对工厂化养殖的人说这对动物很残忍。(P62)
7.Up
to
2019,there
are
55
world
heritage
sites
in
China,which
has
the
same
number
of
sites
as
Italy.截至2019年,中国共有55处世界遗产,数量与意大利相当。(P65)
8.The
building
that
people
visit
most
is
the
Temple
of
Confucius.人们参观最多的建筑是孔庙。(P65)
9.At
the
ball,Mathilde
is
the
most
elegant
and
graceful
woman
there,smiling
and
happy.在舞会上,玛蒂尔德是最漂亮、最优雅的女人,她面带微笑,十分开心。(P72)
重点语法
限制性和非限制性定语从句
I
lost
my
key
in
the
theatre
where
I
saw
this
film.=I
lost
my
key
in
the
theatre
in
which
I
saw
this
film.
我把钥匙丢在我看这部电影的影院里了。
This
is
the
house
that
we
bought
last
month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
The
house,which
we
bought
last
month,is
very
nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
Charles
Smith,who
was
my
former
teacher,retired
last
year.
查尔斯·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
He
seems
not
to
have
grasped
what
I
meant,which
greatly
upsets
me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。UNIT
3
CONSERVATION
Section
A　TOPIC
TALK
&
LESSON
1
课后篇巩固提升
基础夯实
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She
tries
every
means
to
make
people
aware
of
the
importance
of
the
environment
　　　　　(保护).?
答案conservation
2.I
said
no
to　　　　　
(塑料制的)
or
paper
bags
at
stores.?
答案plastic
3.The
prices
of
some
i　　　　
in
that
shop
have
decreased
to
60%.?
答案items
4.A
suggestion
has
been
put
forward
that
we
should
r　　　　
the
textbooks.?
答案recycle
5.We
ought
to
ensure
something
that
　　　　　(使恢复)
our
lost
energy
and
cheers
us
up.?
答案restores
6.He
gathered
a
huge　　　　　
(大量的)
of
snow
and
dug
out
a
hole
in
the
middle.?
答案mass
7.She
is
popular
with
her
students
as
her
teaching
methods
are
　　　　　(不平常的).?
答案unusual
8.One
winter
day
while
he
was
h　　　　,he
saw
the
tracks
of
animals
in
the
snow.?
答案hunting
9.Husband
and
wife
should
s　　　　
roles
occasionally.?
答案switch
10.Another
disadvantage
of
the
internet
was
that
it
was
a　　　　
people’s
private
lives.?
答案affecting
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The
　　　　　(destroy)
of
such
species
could
prevent
researchers
from
finding
cures
for
certain
diseases.?
答案destruction
2.The
union
　　　　　(threat)
that
they
would
go
on
strike
if
their
demands
were
not
met.?
答案threatened
3.They
were
charged
with
bringing
goods
into
the
country
　　　　　(illegal).?
答案illegally
4.The
　　　　　(hunt)agreed
to
take
us
to
go
hunting
tomorrow.?
答案hunter(s)
5.Some
experts
appealed
to
people
to
rescue
many
species
from
　　　　　(extinct).?
答案extinction
6.　　　　　
(urge)measures
have
been
taken
to
prevent
car
emission.?
答案Urgent
7.A
　　　　　(vary)
and
ancient
food
culture
should
be
famous
worldwide.?
答案varied
8.The
glass
appears
to
reflect
light
　　　　　(natural).?
答案naturally
9.We
can’t
afford
to
overlook
such
serious
　　　　　(pollute)
to
the
environment.?
答案pollution
10.On
the
other
hand,there
are
always
some
people
who
view
this
gap
　　　　　(negative).?
答案negatively
Ⅲ.短语填空
take
action,die
out,be
at
risk,do
one’s
part,have
a
role,
in
short,
due
to,
up
to,
depend
on,
wipe
out
1.In
the
past
decade,the
administration
hasn’t
　　　　　in
environmental
conservation.?
答案done
its
part
2.What
we
can
do
now
is
　　　　　to
reduce
pollution.?
答案take
action
3.As
a
member
of
the
international
society,we
　　　　　to
play.?
答案have
a
role
4.The
old
traditions
are　　　　　.?
答案dying
out
5.Only
in
this
way
can
we　　　　　the
enemy
troops.?
答案wipe
out
6.The
drivers
were
more
likely
to
break
the
speed
limit
and
　　　　　of
getting
fined.?
答案be
at
risk
7.All
the
flights
were
put
off
　　　　　the
bad
weather.?
答案due
to
8.The
government
will
make
accommodations
for
　　　　　three
thousand
people.?
答案up
to
9.Friendship
means
having
someone
I
can
　　　　　.?
答案depend
on
10.　　　　　,he
was
happy
with
that
result.?
答案In
short
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.去哪儿郊游由你决定。
It
is
up
to
you
to
decide　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　go
for
an
outing.?
答案where
we
will
2.直到最近几年,在线课程才真正得到公众的认可。
It
is
only
in
the
last
few
years
that
online
courses　　　　　
　　　　　the
real
public
acceptance.?
答案have
gained
3.李娜结束职业生涯的真正原因是她的伤痛。
The
real　　　　　
　　　　　Li
Na
to
end
her
professional
career
is
her
painful
injuries.?
答案reason
for
4.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。
Everybody
knows
that
he　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　this.?
答案is
to
blame
for
5.2019年,大约有六万名美国大学生在学习中文,是2009年的三倍。
In
2019,about
60,000
American
college
students
were
studying
Chinese,which
is　　　　　
　　　　　as
many
as
in
2009.?
答案three
times
6.英语里有如此多的法语词汇的一个原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很多年。
One
reason　　　　　
there
are
so
many
French
words
in
English
is
　　　　　the
French
ruled
England
for
quite
a
number
of
years.?
答案why;that
7.没有你的帮助,我们就不能达到目标。
We
　　　　　achieve
the
goal
　　　　　your
help.?
答案can’t;without
8.我们不是通过关联来找书,也就是说,我们不是通过其内容来查找。
We
don’t
find
the
book
by
association.　　　　　
　　　　　,
we
don’t
find
the
book
by
referring
to
its
contents.?
答案That
is
素养提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文
(2020广西南宁高一下期末考试)
Swimming
in
the
water
of
Hawaii’s
Big
Island
is
a
fun
experience.But
it
can
be
more
exciting
if
there
are
dolphins
swimming
around
and
jumping
out
of
the
sea
too.For
many
people,it
would
be
a
wonderful
dream
to
swim
with
these
lovely
animals!However,this
may
not
be
good
for
dolphins.They
may
get
hurt
because
of
human
interaction(互动).
Dolphins
are
active
and
usually
look
for
food
at
night.In
the
day,they
like
to
rest
in
shallow
bays(浅湾).Many
people
think
the
dolphins
are
awake
during
the
day
as
they
swim.But
when
they
sleep
they
rest
half
of
their
brain
and
keep
the
other
half
awake
to
breathe,so
they
may
be
sleeping
even
when
they’re
swimming
in
the
water.
From
2010
to
2013,spinner
dolphins(飞旋海豚)
of
Hawaii’s
Big
Island
were
exposed
to
human
activities
more
than
82
percent
of
the
time,according
to
Julian
Tyne,a
researcher
at
Australia’s
Murdoch
University.
The
National
Oceanic
and
Atmospheric
Administration
(NOAA)
says
disturbing
the
animals
in
their
near-shore
habitat
could
force
them
to
swim
to
less
favourable
places,putting
them
at
risk
of
attack
by
sharks
and
other
animals.
Besides,when
people
are
around,dolphins
become
more
active.Thus,they
can’t
get
enough
sleep.“Disturbing
their
resting
behaviours
can
actually
affect
their
long-term
health
and
the
health
of
the
dolphin
population,”
Ann
Garrett
of
NOAA’s
National
Marine
Fisheries
Service
told
the
Associated
Press.
As
a
result,the
NOAA
wants
to
make
rules
to
help
protect
the
dolphins.For
example,the
agency(机构)
may
ban
swimming
with
the
Hawaii
spinner
dolphins.Or
they
may
stop
people
from
swimming
in
shallow
bays
when
the
dolphins
are
resting.Tour
operators
must
also
be
taught
to
watch
for
signs
to
know
when
the
dolphins
are
in
their
resting
state.
【语篇解读】本文谈到海豚的生活习性以及其与人类的相处,建议人们保护海豚。
1.Which
of
the
following
about
dolphins
is
NOT
true?
A.They
spend
most
of
their
time
sleeping
at
night.
B.They
like
to
stay
in
shallow
bays
during
the
day.
C.They
keep
half
of
their
brain
awake
while
sleeping.
D.They
may
be
sleeping
even
when
they’re
swimming.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Dolphins
are
active
and
usually
look
for
food
at
night.”可知,海豚晚上大多数时间睡觉的描述错误,故选A项。
2.What
would
they
do
when
dolphins
are
disturbed
in
their
near-shore
habitat?
A.Swim
to
a
crowded
place.
B.Move
closer
to
sharks.
C.Become
less
active.
D.Likely
sleep
longer.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“disturbing
the
animals
in
their
near-shore
habitat
could
force
them
to
swim
to
less
favourable
places,putting
them
at
risk
of
attack
by
sharks
and
other
animals”
可知,妨碍海豚在近岸栖息可能迫使它们游向不合适的地方,它们可能会遭受鲨鱼和其他动物的袭击,故选B项。
3.Which
activity
is
against
the
rules?
A.Swimming
with
the
Hawaii
spinner
dolphins.
B.Swimming
in
bays
where
the
dolphins
live.
C.Making
signs
that
show
the
dolphins’
resting
state.
D.Making
signs
that
show
where
the
dolphins
are.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the
agency(机构)
may
ban
swimming
with
the
Hawaii
spinner
dolphins”可知,与夏威夷飞旋海豚一起游泳是禁止的,故选A项。
4.What
does
the
article
mainly
talk
about?
A.What
habits
dolphins
have.
B.What
spinner
dolphins
are.
C.How
the
animals
live
in
the
sea.
D.How
to
protect
dolphins
near
the
shore.
答案D
解析主旨大意题。本文前面部分介绍了海豚,后文主要是号召人们保护海豚,以及如何保护的问题,故选D项。
B
主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文
(2020黑龙江佳木斯高一上期末考试)
Human
demands
for
natural
resources
have
doubled
in
less
than
50
years
and
are
now
beyond
what
Earth
can
provide,a
report
warned.If
humans
carry
on
like
this,we
will
need
two
Earths
by
2030.The
population
of
wildlife
has
fallen
by
60%
in
thirty
years.
The
report
said
British
people
are
consuming(消耗)
far
more
than
Earth
can
deal
with.If
everyone
lived
such
a
lifestyle,humans
would
need
2.75
planets
to
survive.People
are
now
living
lifestyles
which
would
require
1.5
planets,though
there
are
great
differences
between
rich
and
poor
nations.
Researchers
studied
the
global
change
in
land
use
and
water
consumption.The
UK
comes
31st
in
a
list
of
countries
based
on
“ecological
footprint(生态足迹)”
that
measures
how
much
land
and
sea
each
person
needs
to
produce
the
resources
they
consume
and
to
absorb(吸收)
the
wastes.The
UK
has
fallen
down
from
15th
place
in
the
last
report
two
years
ago
to
3lst
place,but
the
WWF
believes
it
is
an
increase
in
other
countries’
efforts
rather
than
a
reduction
in
the
UK’s
use
of
resources.
Ireland
has
the
10th
highest
ecological
footprint,while
the
United
Arab
Emirates,Qatar,Denmark,Belgium
and
the
US
are
the
five
worst
countries
for
over-consumption
of
resources.The
study
suggests
if
the
expected
global
population
of
9.2
billion
in
2050
were
to
eat
a
Malaysian
diet,1.3
planets
would
be
needed,but
if
everyone
were
to
eat
an
Italian
diet,humans
would
need
almost
two
planets.Those
countries
that
can
provide
the
highest
quality
of
life
using
the
lowest
amount
of
resources
will
not
only
serve
the
global
interest,but
will
be
the
leaders
in
a
resource-limited
world.
【语篇解读】本文通过实例说明人类在透支地球的资源。
5.How
many
Earths
do
we
need
if
we
follow
the
British
lifestyle?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.1.3.
B.2.75.
C.2.
D.1.5.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The
report
said
British
people
are
consuming(消耗)
far
more
than
Earth
can
deal
with.If
everyone
lived
such
a
lifestyle,humans
would
need
2.75
planets
to
survive.”可知,如果我们按照英国的生活方式,我们可能需要2.75个地球。故选B项。
6.What
do
we
know
about
“ecological
footprint”?
A.It
has
something
to
do
with
human
demands
for
resources
and
their
wastes.
B.It
is
used
to
produce
the
resources
and
absorb
the
wastes.
C.We
can
know
the
total
amount
of
resources
on
Earth
through
it.
D.It
is
about
changes
in
land
use
and
water
consumption
across
the
globe.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“based
on
‘ecological
footprint(生态足迹)’
that
measures
how
much
land
and
sea
each
person
needs
to
produce
the
resources
they
consume
and
to
absorb(吸收)
the
wastes”可知,生态足迹与人类对资源的需求和浪费有关,故选A项。
7.The
WWF
believes
that
　　　.?
A.Earth
won’t
be
able
to
meet
human
needs
after
50
years
B.the
UK
has
possibly
not
reduced
the
use
of
resources
over
the
past
two
years
C.Ireland
has
a
lower
ecological
footprint
than
the
UK
D.there
are
no
big
differences
in
lifestyles
between
rich
and
poor
nations
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,英国的排名从两年前的第15位降至第31位,但世界自然基金会认为,这是因为其他国家的消耗增加了,而不是英国资源使用量减少了。故选B项。
8.What
can
we
learn
about
Malaysia
from
the
text?
A.It
has
a
larger
population
than
Italy.
B.It
consumes
fewer
resources
than
Italy.
C.It
would
need
almost
two
planets.
D.It
has
the
highest
quality
of
life.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The
study
suggests
if
the
expected
global
population
of
9.2
billion
in
2050
were
to
eat
a
Malaysian
diet,1.3
planets
would
be
needed,but
if
everyone
were
to
eat
an
Italian
diet,humans
would
need
almost
two
planets.”可推断,马来西亚人的消费模式消耗的资源比意大利的少,故选B项。
Ⅵ.七选五
主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文
(2020江苏如皋高一上期末考试)
Environmental
pollution
kills
1.7
million
children
under
the
age
of
five
every
year
worldwide.This
is
according
to
the
World
Health
Organisation
(WHO).The
WHO
warns
that
child
deaths
will
increase
greatly
if
pollution
continues
to
worsen.
The
most
common
causes
of
death
among
children
aged
one
month
to
five
years
are
diarrhea,malaria
and
pneumonia.This
is
according
to
the
WHO.
　1　
This
means
providing
access
to
safe
water
and
sanitation,limiting
exposure
to
dangerous
chemicals,and
improving
waste
management.?
　2　
The
WHO
estimates
that
air
pollution
is
responsible
for
about
6.5
million
premature,or
early
deaths
every
year.That
number
includes
nearly
600,000
deaths
of
children
under
age
five.Most
of
these
deaths
take
place
in
developing
countries.?
Air
pollution
is
a
leveler
between
rich
and
poor,according
to
WHO
environment
and
health
chief
Maria
Neira.　3　
And
one
of
the
most
important
ways
to
reduce
air
pollution
is
to
produce
cleaner
fuels
for
cooking
and
heating.“Almost
half
of
the
world
population
is
using
dirty
fuels
for
cooking,heating,and
lighting
at
home.And,this
is
affecting
very
much
mothers
who
are
staying
and
cooking
at
home,but
the
children
who
are
around
mothers
are
exposed
as
well.”
Early
exposure
to
harmful
pollutants
can
lead
to
increased
risk
of
chronic
respiratory
disease,asthma,heart
disease,stroke
and
cancer
later
in
life.?
Cleaning
up
how
the
world
cooks,heats
and
lights
homes
and
other
buildings
is
a
big-picture
goal.The
WHO
is
advising
government
departments
and
industries
such
as
construction
and
the
health
sector
to
work
together
to
clean
up
their
environment.
　4　
The
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency
has
the
following
suggestions:?
·
Avoid
walking
where
there
is
a
high
volume
of
vehicle
traffic.
·
　5　?
·
Limit
your
time
outside
if
you
live
in
an
area
that
issues
warnings
about
air
quality.
·
Wear
high-grade,rated
face
masks
tightly
to
the
face
when
air
quality
is
poor.
·
Remove
your
clothes
and
wash
immediately
after
entering
your
house
if
you
live
or
commute
in
a
very
polluted
area.
A.However,of
all
the
environmental
pollutants,air
pollution
is
being
called
the
most
dangerous.
B.But
what
can
individuals
do
to
limit
our
family’s
exposure
to
air
pollution?
C.Therefore,the
WHO
stresses
that
governments
around
the
world
need
to
take
the
lead
on
ensuring
that
children
grow
up
in
a
clean
environment.
D.The
organisation
also
says
reducing
environmental
risks
can
prevent
such
deaths.
E.A
polluted
environment
is
a
deadly
one—particularly
for
young
children.
F.Everybody,she
says,needs
to
breathe.
G.Equip
homes
with
air
filters
and
air
conditioning
units.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】文章指出环境污染是近年来导致幼童死亡率上升的主要原因之一。
1.D　上文提到,一个月至五岁的儿童中最常见的死亡原因是腹泻、疟疾和肺炎,D项“The
organisation
also
says
reducing
environmental
risks
can
prevent
such
deaths.”补充了世界卫生组织的另一个结论,符合语境。
2.A　下文提到,世界卫生组织估计,空气污染每年造成约650万人早衰或早亡。A项“However,of
all
the
environmental
pollutants,air
pollution
is
being
called
the
most
dangerous.”表示,在所有的环境污染物中,空气污染被认为是最危险的。呼应下文中的air
pollution“空气污染”,符合语境。
3.F　上文提到,世界卫生组织环境与卫生主管Maria
Neira说,空气污染是贫富之间的一个平衡点。F项“Everybody,she
says,needs
to
breathe.”中的she呼应前文中的Maria
Neira,符合语境。
4.B　根据下文的“The
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency
has
the
following
suggestions”可知,这里说的是个人能做什么来保护环境。B项“But
what
can
individuals
do
to
limit
our
family’s
exposure
to
air
pollution?”提到人们能做些什么来减少家里的空气污染,符合语境。
5.G　根据上下文可知,这里介绍的是个人保护环境的方法。G项“Equip
homes
with
air
filters
and
air
conditioning
units.”符合语境。
Ⅶ.完形填空
主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:记叙文
(2020黑龙江东部地区高一上四校期末联考)
My
daughter
has
been
crazy
about
raising
a
pet
for
a
long
time.
Last
spring
I
bought
two
small
chickens
for
her.She
got
　1　
and
took
good
care
of
them.　2　,a
few
days
later,both
chickens
died.She
　3　
into
tears
because
of
their
death.I
helped
her
　4　
the
two
chickens
under
a
tree
behind
our
house.I
thought
it
would
be
the
　5　
of
her
idea.?
However,I
was
wrong.Children
are
children
after
all.The
failure
hasn’t
　6　
my
daughter
in
any
way.She
still
tried
to
keep
a
small
animal
or
even
a
snail(蜗牛).?
One
day
last
winter,I
　7　
under
the
eaves
(屋檐)
of
the
house
a
family
of
sparrows
(麻雀).My
daughter
and
I
could
　8　
the
sparrows
as
our
“pets”,but
we
didn’t.?
So
I
told
her
to
　9　
the
grains
on
the
windowsill
(窗台).A
few
minutes
later,the
sparrows
came
to
land
on
the
windowsill
　10　
and
pecked
(啄)
at
the
rice.Suddenly
my
daughter
asked
me,“Mum,can
we
catch
and
cage
the
sparrows,and
let
them
live
with
us
in
the
room?How
　11　
it
is
for
them
to
live
outside!”?
“Oh,my
dear,I
do
not
think
it’s
a
good
idea.You
know,”
I
explained
to
her.“The
sparrow
is
a
bird
who
loves
　12　.No
one
can
keep
them
in
a
cage.If
they
are
caught,they
will
die
quickly.They
are
　13　
to
living
outside.Moreover,they
have
a
warm
nest
under
the
eaves.”?
From
then
on,we
have
set
up
a
kind
of
relationship
with
the
sparrow
family.We
feed
them
and
　14　
them
as
pet
birds.However,we
do
not
need
to
possess
them.We
　15　
seeing
these
little
birds
flying
and
jumping
among
branches,leaves
and
flowers
in
the
spring
morning.?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述作者女儿喂养小动物的故事。
1.A.surprised
B.excited
C.disappointed
D.amazed
答案B
解析根据下文的“took
good
care
of
them”可知,女儿认真照顾小鸡,excited
“兴奋的”
符合语境。surprised“吃惊的”;disappointed“失望的”;amazed“惊讶的”。
2.A.Naturally
B.Suddenly
C.Unfortunately
D.Finally
答案C
解析根据下文的“both
chickens
died”可知,unfortunately
“不幸地”符合语境。
naturally“自然而然地”;suddenly“突然地”;finally“最后”。
3.A.broke
B.happened
C.burst
D.turned
答案C
解析因为它们的死,她突然大哭起来(burst
into
tears)。break“打破”;happen“发生”;turn“转变”。
4.A.bury
B.put
C.dig
D.set
答案A
解析由“under
a
tree
behind
our
house”可知,作者帮她把死掉的小鸡埋在了房子后的一棵树下。bury“埋葬”;put“放”;dig“挖”;set“设置”。
5.A.end
B.beginning
C.wish
D.reality
答案A
解析结合上下文可知,作者认为小鸡死后,女儿就不会再养其他小动物了,故此处指
“她的想法结束了”,符合语境。end“结束”;beginning“开始”;wish“希望”;reality“现实”。
6.A.upset
B.encouraged
C.helped
D.impressed
答案A
解析根据下文的“She
still
tried
to
keep
a
small
animal
or
even
a
snail(蜗牛).”可知,之前的经历并没有让她沮丧(upset),女儿仍然想养小动物。encourage“鼓励”;help“帮助”;impress“使印象深刻”。
7.A.stared
B.noticed
C.sensed
D.glared
答案B
解析去年冬天的一天,作者注意到(noticed)屋檐下有麻雀一家。stare“凝视”;sense“感觉到”;
glare“瞪”。
8.A.look
B.act
C.catch
D.feed
答案C
解析结合句意可知,要想把麻雀作为宠物,首先得抓住它们,且下文的“Mum,can
we
catch
and
cage
the
sparrows”也有暗示,catch是原词复现。look“看”;act“行动”;catch“抓”;feed“喂”。
9.A.throw
B.pour
C.pile
D.put
答案D
解析根据上下文,作者是一个善良温柔的人,故此处用
“放(put)”
更能体现出这一点。throw“扔”;pour“倾倒”;pile“堆”。
10.A.one
after
another
B.one
another
C.every
other
D.each
other
答案A
解析几分钟之后,麻雀一只接一只地停到窗台上开始啄食谷物。结合句意可知,此处用
“一只接一只”
来表达麻雀的数量较多。one
after
another“一只接一只”;one
another“相互”;every
other“其余的”;each
other“相互”。
11.A.free
B.happy
C.cold
D.warm
答案C
解析结合上文的“One
day
last
winter”可知事情发生在冬天,所以cold符合语境。
12.A.freedom
B.spring
C.trees
D.nests
答案A
解析根据下文的“No
one
can
keep
them
in
a
cage.”可知,作者告诉女儿没有人能够把麻雀关在笼子里,故推测她告诉女儿它们喜欢自由(freedom)。
13.A.safe
B.proud
C.grateful
D.used
答案D
解析根据上文的“The
sparrow
is
a
bird
who
loves
　12　.”可知,麻雀习惯在户外生活。safe“安全的”;proud“骄傲的”;grateful“感激的”;be
used
to
doing
sth“习惯做某事”。?
14.A.think
B.dream
C.treat
D.appreciate
答案C
解析根据前文的“we
have
set
up
a
kind
of
relationship
with
the
sparrow
family”可知,作者一家和麻雀建立了很好的关系,故推测他们把麻雀一家当成自己的宠物来对待(treat)。think“想,认为”;dream“梦想”;appreciate“感激”。
15.A.enjoy
B.would
like
C.want
D.consider
答案A
解析作者和女儿都是爱鸟之人,所以喜欢看这些小鸟在春天的早晨在树枝、树叶和花朵间飞来飞去。enjoy“享受,喜欢”;would
like“想”;want“想”;consider“考虑,认为”。UNIT
3
CONSERVATION
Section
B　LESSON
2
&
LESSON
3
课后篇巩固提升
基础夯实
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I
bought
the
flowers
from
a
store
and
w　　　　
them
neatly.?
答案wrapped
2.The
s　　　　of
a
nut
or
egg
is
the
hard
covering
which
surrounds
it.?
答案shell
3.If
you
　　　　　(咽下)something,you
cause
it
to
go
from
your
mouth
down
into
your
stomach.?
答案swallow
4.Something
that
is
　　　　　(新颖的)
is
new
and
original.?
答案innovative
5.There
are
as
many
as
20
jobs
available
in
this
company,and
you
are
free
to
choose
whichever
you
think
s　　　　
you
best.?
答案suits
6.　　　　　
(常规的)colour
TV
broadcasts
were
delayed
in
the
UK
until
1967.?
答案Regular
7.The
last　　　　　(十年)
of
the
eighteenth
century
was
a
time
of
great
social
change.?
答案decade
8.At
the
sight
of
this
cruelty,they
could
hardly
contain
their
　　　　　(愤怒).?
答案anger
9.Parents
are
naturally
a　　　　
for
their
children.?
答案anxious
10.R　　　　
are
causing
traffic
jam
in
the
city
centre.?
答案Roadworks
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.There
is
no
doubt
that
the
　　　　　(consume)
are
still
very
sensitive
to
the
price.?
答案consumers
2.His
weakness
is
that
he
is
very
　　　　　(waste).?
答案wasteful
3.People
try
to
avoid
public
　　　　　(transport)delays
by
using
their
own
cars.?
答案transportation
4.The
windows
are
very
　　　　　(dirt).They
have
not
been
cleaned
for
weeks.?
答案dirty
5.If
you
　　　　　(fill)something,you
fill
it
again
after
it
has
been
emptied.?
答案refill
6.Wang
Wei’s
behaviour
is
of
great
importance
in
awakening
people’s
　　　　　(aware)of
helping
others.?
答案awareness
7.My
friend
Lily
showed
me
a
large
　　　　　(collect)
of
CDs
that
evening.?
答案collection
8.　　　　　
(anxious),she
took
the
dress
out
of
the
package
and
tried
it
on.?
答案Anxiously
9.The
earthquake　　　　　(destroy)even
the
tallest
buildings.?
答案destroyed
10.I
was
getting
more
and
more
　　　　　(annoy)and
of
course,the
more
upset
I
got,the
less
I
was
able
to
concentrate.?
答案annoyed
Ⅲ.用适当的介词或副词填空
1.Do
we
want
to
get
somewhere
or
do
we
want
to
get
stuck
　　　　　the
rut
(车辙)??
答案in
2.Why
get
stressed　　　　　?It
will
just
make
things
worse.?
答案out
3.These
two
events
were
related　　　　　each
other.?
答案to
4.The
boy
became
addicted　　　　　
computer
games
and
didn’t
want
to
study.?
答案to
5.Instead　　　　　shouting
empty
slogans
(口号),it
is
more
meaningful
to
donate
books
and
sports
goods
to
children
in
need.?
答案of
6.It
is
impolite
to
speak
with
your
mouth
full　　　　　food.?
答案of
7.I
have
arranged
for
Tom
to
pick　　　　　the
experts
at
the
airport.?
答案up
8.No
matter
when
the
enemies
come,they
will
be
wiped　　　　　
clean.?
答案out
9.The
reason
　　　　　the
failure
of
the
experiment
was
that
they
lacked
necessary
experience.?
答案for
10.It
is
high
time
that
we
did
something
to
protect
those
endangered
animals
before
they
die
　　　　　.?
答案out
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.同其他十五万人在雨中跳舞怎么样?
　　　
　　　　　　　　　　in
a
rainy
field
with
one
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
other
people??
答案What/How
about
dancing
2.一般来说,照相机价格越贵,质量就越好。
　　　
　　　　　,the
more
expensive
the
camera,the
better
its
quality.?
答案Generally
speaking
3.他们安然无恙地回家了。
They
returned
home,　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　.?
答案safe
and
sound
4.如果没有新的政府政策,预计到2050年死亡人数将翻一番。
　　　
　　　　　　　　　　deaths
is
expected
to
double
by
2050
without
new
government
policies.?
答案The
number
of
5.在过去五十年里科学进步得很快。
Science　　　　　
　　　　　great
advances
in
the
last
fifty
years.?
答案has
made
素养提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文
(2020宁夏银川期末考试)
Many
of
Earth’s
creatures
die
because
of
humans’
choices.These
choices
have
nothing
to
do
with
food
or
shelter
or
anything
else
that
helps
humans
survive.What
kills
millions
of
animals
all
over
the
world
is
that
humans
want
to
make
money
by
doing
so.
People
use
parts
of
animals
for
everything
from
hats
to
handbags,from
jewelry
to
ashtrays
and
to
make
powders
that
supposedly
improve
a
person’s
life.Deciding
that
a
species
is
endangered
and
protecting
it
by
law
are
not
always
enough.People
who
kill
wildlife
illegally
rarely
get
caught.
During
the
late
1980s,saving
elephants
became
a
popular
cause.Wildlife
protection
groups
made
sure
everyone
saw
pictures
or
films
of
elephants
with
their
faces
cut
off
for
their
ivory.These
groups
also
proved
that
certain
populations
of
elephants
were
decreasing.As
a
result,most
people
stopped
buying
objects
made
of
ivory.Laws
against
poaching(偷猎)
were
made
stronger.Many
countries
made
importing
ivory
illegal.Killing
elephants
for
their
ivory
became
more
risky
and
less
profitable(有利可图的).
However,concern
for
certain
species
will
become
weak
after
a
while.In
the
late
1970s,people
protested
(抗议)
against
the
killing
of
seal
babies.Everyone
was
shocked
to
see
young
seals
being
killed
in
their
icy
habitat.The
cruel
activity
stopped.But
ten
years
later,the
number
of
seal
babies
killed
was
higher
than
ever.
Other
animal
protection
movements
have
come
and
gone,such
as
saving
the
whales
and
protecting
dolphins.The
whale
population
appears
to
have
increased
for
now.And
the
laws
are
finally
changed
in
America
to
protect
the
dolphins
that
swim
with
tuna
fish
in
parts
of
the
Pacific
Ocean.
In
the
years
to
come,people’s
attention
will
probably
turn
to
some
other
endangered
species.Plenty
of
them
urgently
need
attention.During
this
time,will
the
elephants
be
forgotten??
【语篇解读】作者呼吁对动物保护的关注和行动应该持续下去。
1.What
leads
to
the
disappearance
of
millions
of
wild
animals?
A.The
growing
human
population.
B.Humans’
hope
for
making
a
fortune.
C.Humans’
too
much
need
for
wild
food.
D.Not
having
enough
laws
on
wildlife
protection.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“What
kills
millions
of
animals
all
over
the
world
is
that
humans
want
to
make
money
by
doing
so.”可知,人类的贪欲导致数百万野生动物的消失,故选B项。
2.What
can
you
infer
from
the
text
about
what
happened
in
the
late
1980s?
A.Wildlife
protection
groups
did
make
great
efforts.
B.Importing
ivory
in
all
countries
is
illegal.
C.Those
who
killed
elephants
all
got
caught.
D.Hunting
was
completely
not
allowed.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第三段可知,在20世纪80年代末,野生动物保护组织确实做出了巨大努力。故选A项。
3.Why
are
seal
babies
mentioned
in
Paragraph
4?
A.To
show
the
effort
to
protect
seal
babies.
B.To
show
an
increasing
number
of
seal
babies.
C.To
show
the
decrease
of
worry
about
certain
species.
D.To
show
people’s
protest
against
the
killing
of
seal
babies.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“However,concern
for
certain
species
will
become
weak
after
a
while.”可知,第四段提到了海豹宝宝,目的是表明对某些物种的担忧会很快减少。故选C项。
4.What
does
the
author
mean
by
using
the
underlined
sentence?
A.Humans
should
choose
some
rare
animals
to
protect.
B.Attention
must
be
paid
to
saving
some
endangered
wildlife.
C.Success
has
been
achieved
in
quite
a
few
cases
of
wildlife
protection.
D.Concern
and
movements
for
animal
protection
should
be
always
kept.
答案D
解析句意理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Other
animal
protection
movements
have
come
and
gone...”和最后一段第一句“In
the
years
to
come,people’s
attention
will
probably
turn
to
some
other
endangered
species.”可以推断,作者说这句话的意思是,对动物保护的关注和行动应该持续下去。故选D项。
B
主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文
Nature
has
created
many
ways
to
protect
creatures’
eyes.The
most
common
protection
is
the
eyelid—a
fold
of
skin
that
closes
over
the
eye,protecting
it
from
damage.Eyelashes
are
useful
for
keeping
out
dust
and
other
things,and
tears
wash
away
any
small
pieces
that
get
through
the
other
defenses.
Some
creatures,including
most
birds,have
three
eyelids.The
upper
and
lower
lids
act
like
human
lids
and
keep
out
little
tree
branches,dirt,and
sand.The
third
eyelid,however,is
a
semitransparent
tissue(半透明组织)
that
crosses
over
the
eye
from
the
inside
corner
to
the
outside
corner.Because
of
this
protective
membrane(隔膜),birds
seldom
have
to
blink.They
close
their
eyes
only
when
they
go
to
sleep.For
ducks,this
third
eyelid
serves
as
an
underwater
diving
mask
that
helps
the
ducks
find
food.
Most
fish
and
snakes
have
no
eyelids
at
all.Instead,a
hard
glassy
covering
protects
their
eyes.For
fish,water
constantly
sweeps
away
dirt
from
the
covering.And
a
snake’s
eyesight
is
usually
so
bad
that
a
little
dirt
obscuring
its
vision
does
not
disturb
it
greatly.
Eyelashes
defend(保护)
the
eye
by
shading
it
from
strong
light.They
also
act
like
mini
brushes
to
remove
dust.Camels
have
eyelashes
that
are
four
inches
long
to
protect
their
eyes
from
wind-blown
sand
in
the
desert.
【语篇解读】大自然创造了许多方法来保护动物的眼睛。
5.Why
don’t
birds
blink
often?
A.They
don’t
need
to
sleep
a
lot.
B.Their
upper
and
lower
lids
can
keep
away
little
branches,dirt
and
sand.
C.Eyelashes
act
like
mini
brushes
to
remove
dust.
D.They
have
a
kind
of
tissue
to
cover
the
eyes.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The
third
eyelid,however,is
a
semitransparent
tissue(半透明组织)
that
crosses
over
the
eye
from
the
inside
corner
to
the
outside
corner.Because
of
this
protective
membrane(隔膜),birds
seldom
have
to
blink.”可知,鸟类不常眨眼是因为它们有一种覆盖眼睛的组织。故选D项。
6.Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE
according
to
this
passage?
A.Ducks
don’t
close
their
eyes
even
when
they
go
to
sleep.
B.A
little
dirt
doesn’t
disturb
a
snake’s
eyesight
badly
because
its
eyesight
is
very
good.
C.Eyelashes
help
to
keep
away
small
pieces
that
get
through
the
other
two
defenses.
D.Some
creatures
have
a
hard
covering
to
protect
their
eyes
instead
of
eyelids.
答案D
解析细节理解题。由第三段第一、二句可知,大多数鱼和蛇没有眼睑,取而代之的是一层坚硬的玻璃状的覆盖物保护它们的眼睛,这与D项相符合。
7.What
can
be
concluded
from
the
passage?
A.Eyelids
are
more
important
in
protecting
creatures’
eyes
than
other
devices.
B.Creatures
develop
different
modes
of
eye
protection
in
different
environments.
C.Birds
often
close
their
eyes
in
the
daytime.
D.A
fish’s
eyelid
is
a
hard
glassy
covering.
答案B
解析推理判断题。由文中的“Some
creatures,including
most
birds,have
three
eyelids.”,“Most
fish
and
snakes
have
no
eyelids
at
all.Instead,a
hard
glassy
covering
protects
their
eyes.”及“Camels
have
eyelashes
that
are
four
inches
long
to
protect
their
eyes
from
wind-blown
sand
in
the
desert.”可知,有些生物,包括大多数鸟类,有三个眼睑。大多数鱼和蛇根本没有眼睑,取而代之的是一层坚硬的玻璃状的覆盖物保护它们的眼睛。骆驼的睫毛有四英寸长,可以保护眼睛免受沙漠中风沙的侵袭。由此推断出生物在不同的环境中进化出不同的护眼模式。
Ⅵ.完形填空
I
was
about
5
when
I
first
heard
the
word
“Greenland”.And
my
interest
　1　
from
there.I
can’t
say
exactly
why,but
it
was
undoubtedly
a
　2　
of
many
images
that
the
word
conjured
up:remoteness,ice,polar
bears,and
Vikings.　3　,after
decades,I
decided
to
go.?
From
the
plane
I
could
see
the
east
coast
of
Greenland
was
nothing
but
an
expanse
of
ice
and
snow,with
no
　4　
of
human
habitation.But
when
the
plane
　5　
toward
the
southern
part,everything
changed.Much
of
the
ice
disappeared,　6　
by
broad
fields
of
green.?
I
headed
for
a
hostel,where
I
had
　7　
a
bed.A
young
couple
was
out
front,enjoying
the
sun
and
unusual
warmth.This
was
my
first
native
　8　.Their
eyes
widened
when
I
　9　
myself.Another
hiker
had
arrived
earlier
and,　10　
him
for
me,they
had
given
him
my
bed.There
was
no
more
space
in
the
hostel.“But
don’t
worry,”
the
young
woman
said,clearly
concerned
for
my
　11　.Afterwards,she
　12　
herself
into
cleaning
a
tiny
house
the
family
owned.“This
is
for
you,”
she
said.And
as
if
that
weren’t
enough,she
invited
me
to
eat
supper
with
her
family.We
talked
happily.The
themes
　13　
from
the
unusual
weather
in
Greenland,to
the
concern
they
felt
for
the
changes
as
the
massive
ice
sheet
　14　
and
outside
interests
　15　
envious
eyes
upon
the
newly
revealed
mineral
wealth.?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,主要叙述了作者在格陵兰岛旅行的经历及感受。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.A.decreased
B.faded
C.grew
D.appeared
答案C
解析decrease“减少,降低”;fade“变淡,变暗”;grow“成长,逐渐开始”;appear“出现”。根据上文的
“I
was
about
5
when
I
first
heard
the
word
‘Greenland’.”可知,作者大约5岁时第一次听说格陵兰就开始对它产生兴趣了,故选C项。
2.A.response
B.combination
C.discovery
D.display
答案B
解析response“回应”;combination“结合”;discovery“发现”;display“展示”。根据下文的“remoteness,ice,polar
bears,and
Vikings”可知,作者对格陵兰的认知是由这些图像组成的。故选B项。
3.A.Actually
B.Gradually
C.Suddenly
D.Finally
答案D
解析actually“实际上”;gradually“逐渐地”;suddenly“突然地”;finally“最后”。根据上文可知,作者对格陵兰向往已久,故此处应该是,过了几十年,作者最终决定去格陵兰旅行。故选D项。
4.A.sign
B.signal
C.mark
D.symbol
答案A
解析sign“迹象”;signal“信号”;mark“记号”;symbol“象征”。根据上文的“From
the
plane
I
could
see
the
east
coast
of
Greenland
was
nothing
but
an
expanse
of
ice
and
snow,”可知,作者从飞机上看到的格陵兰是一望无际的冰雪,没有人类生活的迹象,故选A项。
5.A.rose
B.angled
C.slid
D.departed
答案B
解析rise“增加,提高”;angle“斜移,斜置”;slide“滑动”;depart“离开”。根据下文的“toward
the
southern
part”可知,飞机应是从东边向南边转弯了,故选B项。
6.A.replaced
B.distributed
C.wrapped
D.removed
答案A
解析replace“取代”;
distribute“分发,分配”;wrap“包裹”;remove“移除,移开”。根据上文的“Much
of
the
ice
disappeared”可知,冰和雪消失了,被大片的绿色所取代,故选A项。
7.A.arranged
B.made
C.reserved
D.purchased
答案C
解析arrange“安排”;make“做”;reserve“预订”;purchase“购买”。根据下文的“they
had
given
him
my
bed”可知,作者提前预订了一张床,故选C项。
8.A.exchange
B.contact
C.stay
D.custom
答案B
解析exchange“交流,交换”;contact“联系,接触”;stay“停留,保持”;custom“习俗,风俗”。根据上文可知,这是作者第一次和格陵兰当地人接触,故选B项。
9.A.identified
B.confirmed
C.acknowledged
D.conveyed
答案A
解析identify“说明身份”;confirm“确认”;acknowledge“承认,致谢”;convey“传达”。根据下文旅馆老板把其他旅客错认成作者可知,当作者表明身份时,他们很惊讶,故选A项。
10.A.seeing
B.assuming
C.mistaking
D.believing
答案C
解析see“看见”;assume“假定,假设”;mistake“误以为”;believe“相信”。根据下文的“they
had
given
him
my
bed”可知,旅馆老板把其他旅客错认成了作者,故选C项。
11.A.money
B.comfort
C.complaints
D.welfare
答案D
解析money“钱”;comfort“安慰”;complaint“抱怨”;welfare“幸福,福利”。根据上文的“But
don’t
worry”可知,虽然旅馆没有地方住了,但是老板劝作者不用担心,故应该是考虑到作者的利益,故选D项。
12.A.threw
B.pushed
C.helped
D.urged
答案A
解析throw“扔掉”;push“推”;help“帮助”;urge“催促”。根据下文可知,老板是专门为作者打扫出一间房,故选A项。
13.A.ranged
B.differed
C.distinguished
D.transformed
答案A
解析range“变化,变动”;differ“与……不同”;distinguish“区别”;transform“转变”。从下文他们谈论的主题从格陵兰岛的异常天气到巨大冰盖变薄等可知,他们的话题一直在变化,故选A项。
14.A.deepened
B.thickened
C.thinned
D.broadened
答案C
解析deepen“加深”;thicken“变厚”;thin“变薄”;broaden“变宽”。根据常识可知,由于温室效应,冰盖正在变薄,故选C项。
15.A.left
B.turned
C.shut
D.cast
答案D
解析leave“离开”;turn“转向”;shut“关闭”;cast“投射”。根据下文的“envious
eyes
upon
the
newly
revealed
mineral
wealth”可知,应是外界对新发现的矿产财富投来羡慕的目光,故选D项。
Ⅶ.语法填空
(2020湖北荆门期末考试)
Daisy
is
a
girl
who
cares
about
our
environment.She
always
longs
to
help
　1　
(endanger)
species
of
wildlife.One
day,she
　2　
(wake)
up
and
found
a
flying
carpet
which
took
her
to
many
　3　(place)
to
experience
something
amazing.In
Tibet,Daisy
saw
an
antelope
looking
sad
and
it
told
her
the
species
was
being
killed.Then
the
carpet
showed
her
a
place
　4　
there
was
some
wildlife
protection.There
she
came
across
　5　
elephant,from
whom
she
knew
they
used
to
be
hunted
　6　
mercy.But
now
good
things
are
being
done
to
save
local
wildlife.Knowing
that,Daisy
burst
into
　7　
(laugh)
in
relief.At
the
end
of
the
journey,she
met
a
monkey
　8　
(rub)
himself
to
protect
himself
from
mosquitoes.The
monkey
asked
her
to
pay
　9　
(much)
attention
to
the
rainforest.Finally,Daisy
　10　
(full)
understood
the
meaning
of
“no
rainforest,no
animals,no
drugs”.?
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个爱护环境的小女孩关心保护野生动物的故事。
1.endangered　考查形容词。此处修饰名词species,应用形容词,故填endangered。
2.woke　考查动词时态。分析句子可知此处填谓语,根据found可知此处用过去式woke。
3.places　考查名词。many修饰可数名词复数,所以填places。
4.where　考查定语从句。分析句子可知there
was
some
wildlife
protection作定语,修饰place,从句缺地点状语,所以应该用关系副词where。
5.an　考查冠词。elephant以元音音素开头,此处表示一头大象,所以用an。
6.without　考查介词。句意:她得知大象过去被无情地猎杀。表示“无情”可以用without
mercy。
7.laughter　考查名词。Daisy突然笑起来。burst
into后加名词,所以填laughter。
8.rubbing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知本句有谓语met,所以rub要用非谓语动词的形式,monkey与rub是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以填rubbing。
9.more　考查形容词比较级。分析句子可知是和过去相比,要用比较级,所以填more。
10.fully　考查副词。此处修饰动词understood,应用副词fully。(共68张PPT)
Section
B　LESSON
2
&
LESSON
3
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.packet
n.　　
　　?
2.packaging
n.　　
　　?
3.coconut
n.　　　　?
4.shell
n.　　　　?
5.transportation
n.　　　　
?
6.innovative
adj.　　　　
?
7.refillable
adj.　　　　
?
8.bin
n.　　　　?
9.carton
n.　　　　
?
小包,小盒　
包装盒(瓶、袋),包装材料　
椰子　
壳;贝壳　
交通运输系统,运输方式
新颖的,创新的,革新的　
可再填充的　
垃圾箱　
硬纸盒;塑料盒　
10.cutlery
n.　　　　?
11.chopsticks
n.　　　　?
12.council
n.　　　
　?
13.jam
n.　　　　
?
14.roadworks
n.　　　　
?
15.gas
n.　　　　?
16.cancer
n.　　　　?
餐具　
筷子　
委员会;理事会　
拥挤,堵塞;果酱　
道路施工　
气,气体　
癌症　
17.　　　　　
n.消费者?
18.　　　　　
adj.浪费的;挥霍的?
19.　　　　　
vt.包,裹?
20.　　　　　
n.灰尘,尘土?
21.　　　　　
vi.&
vt.吞下,咽下?
22.　　　　　
adj.现实的,实际的?
23.　　　　　
adj.意识到的,明白的?
24.　　　　　
n.收集;收藏品;专辑?
25.　　　　　
adj.可再使用的,可重复使用的?
26.　　　　　
adj.焦虑的,不安的?
27.　　　　　
n.破坏,毁坏?
consumer　
wasteful　
wrap　
dirt
swallow　
realistic　
aware　
collection
reusable　
anxious　
destruction　
28.　　　　　
adj.卡住的,无法移动的?
29.　　　　　
adj.烦恼的,生气的?
30.　　　　　
n.愤怒;怒气?
31.　　　　　
n.十年,十年期?
32.　　　　　
vi.相联系,有关联?
33.　　　　　
adj.定期的,有规律的?
34.　　　　　
vt.适合;n.套装?
stuck　
annoyed　
anger　
decade　
relate
regular　
suit
重点短语
1.　　　　　开始做某事,着手进行?
2.　　
　　　焦虑的?
3.　　　　
　与……有关联?
4.traffic
jam　　
　　?
set
out　
stressed
out　
be
related
to
交通堵塞
重点句式
1.In
the
last
20
years,the
number
of
cars
on
the
roads
has
gone
up
by
25%.
2.To
be
frank,I’m
addicted
to
my
car.
3.What
about
the
shops
around
the
corner?
重点语法Collocation“搭配语”
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P58-59
Part
1文章,判断正(T)误(F)。
1.People
always
get
stuck
in
traffic
jams
every
day.
2.Twenty
years
ago,there
were
32
million
cars
on
the
road
in
Britain.
3.2,500
people
die
every
year
in
vehicle
accidents
in
the
world
on
average.
4.Air
pollution
and
some
types
of
cancer
are
related
to
traffic
pollution.
答案:
TFFT
B.阅读P59
Part
2文章,选出最佳选项。
1.Why
does
the
writer
mention
the
excuses
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.To
show
us
that
cars
are
bad
for
us.
B.To
find
the
cause
of
being
late.
C.To
give
a
reason
for
using
cars.
D.To
complain
the
traffic
jams.
2.What’s
the
advantage
of
taking
public
transport?
A.Saving
your
time.
B.Helping
you
live
longer.
C.Keeping
you
fit.
D.Relaxing
yourself.
答案:C　
答案:D　
3.What
does
the
writer
advise
us
to
do?
A.Use
our
head.
B.Buy
public
transport.
C.Drive
your
car
alone.
D.Avoid
long
journeys.
4.What
can
we
infer
about
the
writer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.He
can’t
go
without
cars.
B.He
has
a
beautiful
daughter.
C.He
gives
his
son
a
busy
schedule.
D.He
will
take
action
immediately.
答案:D　
答案:A　
重点词汇
1.In
the
week
when
the
government
sets
out
its
new
environmental
programme,Kevin
McCabe
and
Alicia
Stewart
consider
the
problem
of
food
packaging
waste.在政府公布其新环保计划的这一周,凯文·麦凯布和艾丽西亚·斯图尔特讨论了食品包装浪费的问题。
(P109)
【词汇精讲】在本句中set
out意为“开始做某事,着手进行”。set
out还可以意为“规划;展现;摆放,布置;阐述,说明;出发;开始;打算”。
She
set
out
the
reasons
for
her
resignation
in
a
long
letter.
她在一封长信里阐明了辞职原因。
She
set
out
the
pieces
on
the
chessboard.
她把国际象棋的棋子摆在棋盘上了。
He
joyfully
agreed
and
we
set
out.
他欣然同意,我们就出发了。
They
set
out
on
the
last
stage
of
their
journey.
他们开始了旅行的最后一程。
【词汇拓展】
set
out
(to
do
sth)
=
set
about
(doing
sth)开始(去做某事)
set
aside把……存储起来;留出;把……撇开
set
down制定;把……写下来;让……下车
set
off启程,出发;引爆;激起
set
up搭起;竖起;建立;成立
I
set
up
email
addresses
for
my
mum
and
dad
so
that
I
could
email
them
regularly.
我为我爸妈创立了邮箱地址,以便经常给他们发邮件。
2.Supermarkets
want
to
make
sure
that
coconuts
reach
the
consumer
in
the
best
condition.超市想要确保消费者买到的椰子是最好的。
(P109)
【词汇精讲】在本句中consumer用作名词,意为“消费者”。
We
need
more
feedback
from
the
consumers
in
order
to
improve
our
goods.
我们需要从消费者那里多得到些反馈信息以提高产品质量。
The
price
increases
were
passed
on
by
the
firm
to
the
consumers.
那个公司把上涨的费用转嫁到了消费者身上。
【词汇拓展】
consume
vt.消耗,消费
consume
resources/time/stores消耗资源/时间/存物
consume
one’s
fortune消耗财产
consumption
n.消费;消耗量
People
who
eat
slowly
tend
to
consume
about
70
fewer
calories
per
meal
than
those
who
rush
through
their
meals.
吃饭慢的人会比那些吃饭快的人每顿少消耗70卡路里左右的热量。
Why
do
Americans
struggle
with
watching
their
weight,while
the
French,who
consume
rich
food,continue
to
stay
thin?
为什么美国人很关注他们的体重但是仍然很胖,而法国人吃着油腻的食物,但仍然很瘦?
Gas
and
oil
consumption
always
increases
in
cold
weather.
燃汽和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。
3.I
mean,why
wrap
a
coconut
in
plastic?我是说,为什么要用塑料包装椰子呢?(P109)
【词汇精讲】在本句中wrap
用作动词,意为“包,裹”,还可以意为“覆盖;隐藏”;用作名词意为“围巾;披肩;包装材料”。
I
wrapped
the
carpet
around
the
sick
man’s
legs
to
keep
him
warm.
我用毯子把病人的腿包了起来,让他暖和一点儿。
Over
her
shoulders
was
thrown
a
much-mended
wrap.
她的肩上搭着一件补了多次的围巾。
【词汇拓展】
wrap
around/round用……包裹,裹身
wrap
in把……包在……里;遮蔽;使陷于
be
wrapped
up
in
sb/sth注意力完全集中于某人/物
You’d
better
wrap
a
clean
cloth
around
your
arm
till
the
wound
closes.
你最好用干净的布把胳膊上的伤口裹严,直到伤口愈合。
He
was
wrapped
in
his
thought.
他陷入了沉思。
The
whole
thing
has
been
wrapped
up.
整个事情已成定局。
4.Two
friends,Lisa
and
Amy
are
discussing
how
to
become
more
environmentally
aware.两个朋友,丽萨和艾米在讨论如何变得更有环保意识。(P110)
【词汇精讲】在本句中aware
用作形容词,意为“意识到的,明白的”,它还可以意为“知道的;察觉到的”。
In
many
cases,his
questions
made
his
students
aware
of
their
own
errors.
在很多情况下,他的问题让他的学生们意识到了自己的错误。
【词汇拓展】
be
(well)
aware
of(很)清楚,意识到
make
sb
aware
of使某人知道
be/become
aware
of开始意识到
be/become
aware
that意识到/开始意识到
as
far
as
sb
be
aware据某人所知
awareness
n.意识,认识
a
lack
of
awareness缺乏认识
develop
an
awareness
of逐渐懂得/意识到……
unaware
adj.不知道的,没察觉到的
(1)aware后接从句时of
要省略。
(2)aware一般用作表语或补语,不作定语。
(3)常用actually、perfectly、well、quite等副词修饰aware,意为“非常清楚,完全知道”,但不用very修饰。
Earth
Day,marked
on
22
April,is
an
annual
event
aiming
to
raise
public
awareness
about
environmental
protection.
4月22日的“地球日”是一个旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。
5.I
just
get
anxious
when
I
think
of
the
impact
we
have
on
the
environment.一想到我们对环境造成的影响,我就会感到焦虑。(P110)
【词汇精讲】
在本句中anxious为形容词,意为“焦虑的,不安的”。
There
were
many
people
waiting
at
the
bus
stop,and
some
of
them
looked
very
anxious
and
disappointed.
有许多人在公共汽车站等待,他们中有些人看上去非常焦虑和失望。
【词汇拓展】
be
anxious
for/about为……担心/忧虑
be
anxious
for
sth渴望某事(物)
be
anxious
to
do
sth渴望做某事
be
anxious
for
sb
to
do
sth渴望某人做某事
be
anxious
that
sb
(should)
do
sth渴望某人做某事
anxiety
n.焦虑,烦恼,忧虑
anxiously
adv.忧虑地,不安地
They
are
anxious
to
develop
friendly
relations
with
their
neighbouring
countries.
他们急于同邻国发展友好关系。
A
major
source
of
teen
stress
is
school
exams,and
test
anxiety
is
not
uncommon.
青少年压力的主要来源是学校考试,而考试焦虑也很常见。
I’m
anxious
for
my
mother’s
return.
我盼望我母亲回来。
6.to
feel
annoyed
感到生气(P58)
【词汇精讲】annoyed用作形容词,意为“烦恼的,生气的”。
People
were
always
doing
things
that
annoyed
her,and
nothing
was
ever
good
enough.
人们总是做一些让她烦心的事情,而且从没有任何事情是足够好的。
You
will
get
annoyed
in
a
theatre
when
a
person
sits
too
close
to
you.
在电影院里,如果有人坐得离你太近,你会感到烦恼。
【词汇拓展】
be
annoyed
with
sb生某人的气
be
annoyed
at/about
sth因为某事生气
annoy
vt.使不悦;惹恼;打扰
annoying
adj.恼人的;讨厌的(多修饰物)
His
mother
was
annoyed
with
him
for
being
so
rude
to
their
neighbours.
他的母亲因为他对邻居如此粗暴无礼而生他的气。
7.How
often
do
we
arrive
at
work
or
school,stressed
out,tired
and
angry?我们多久会带着压力、疲惫和愤怒去上班或上学?(P58)
【词汇精讲】在本句中stressed
out意为“焦虑的”,还可以意为“心力交瘁的(修饰人)”。
Those
who
are
stressed
out
are
often
nervous,angry
or
ill.
凡是压力过大的人经常会紧张、生气或生病。
【词汇拓展】
stress
n.压力　v.强调;重读
under
stress在压力下
lay/place/put
stress
on/upon...对……施压(产生压力)
stress
the
importance
of...强调……的重要性
stressful
adj.压力重的(修饰物)
One
of
the
most
effective
ways
to
reduce
stress
is
to
talk
about
feelings
with
someone
you
trust.
缓解压力的最有效的方法之一是找一个你信任的人去倾诉你的感受。
She
stressed
the
importance
of
good
teamwork
at
the
meeting.
在会议上她强调了好的团队合作的重要性。
8.Some
types
of
cancer
are
related
to
traffic
pollution.有些癌症与交通污染有关。(P59)
【词汇精讲】在本句中relate用作动词,意为“相联系,有关联”。be
related
to...在本句中意为“与……有关联”。
In
fact,traffic
rules
are
part
of
the
rules
and
regulations
closely
related
to
public
order.
事实上,交通规则是与公共秩序密切相关的规章制度的一部分。
Happiness
is
seldom
related
to
one’s
wealth.
幸福与一个人的财富关系不大。
【词汇拓展】
relate
A
to/with
B把A和B联系起来
relate
to
sb/sth与某人/物有关;能理解并同情某人/某物
relative
adj.相比较而言的;相关联的　n.亲属,亲戚
relatively
adv.相对地,相当地
relationship
n.关系
relation
n.关系;亲属
have
relation
to/with和……有关
in
relation
to就……而论;和……联系起来看
Researchers
are
trying
to
relate
exam
results
to
large-sized
classes.
研究人员正试图找出考试成绩与大班级之间的关系。
Students
find
it
difficult
to
relate
to
the
life
of
a
scientist.
学生们发现理解科学家的生活很困难。
9.Do
whichever
of
these
things
that
suit
you.做这些适合你的事情中的任何一件。(P59)
【词汇精讲】在本句中suit用作动词,意为“适合”,还可以意为“相称”;用作名词时意为“套装;一套衣服”。
I
don’t
know
what
profession
would
suit
me.
我不知道什么职业会适合我。
It
is
the
convention
for
men
to
wear
suits
on
formal
occasions.
男子在正式场合穿套装是一种社会习俗。
【词汇拓展】
suit
sth
to
sb/sth
使某事适合于某人/物
suitable
adj.合适的,适当的
be
suitable
for...适合……
be
suitable
to
do
sth
适合做某事
suited
adj.合适的;般配的
be
suited
to...适合于……
It
is
suitable
to
carry
some
fruit
when
you
go
to
your
Chinese
friend’s
home
for
dinner.
当你去中国朋友家吃饭时,带些水果是合适的。
重点句式
1.In
the
last
20
years,the
number
of
cars
on
the
roads
has
gone
up
by
25%.在过去的20年里,道路上汽车的数量增加了25%。(P58)
【句式剖析】in
the
last...表示“从过去开始起到现在的一段时间”,常用于现在完成时。能这样使用的还有for/over/during
the
last/past+时间段。the
number
of表示“……的数量”,常见用法为“the
number
of+复数名词+单数谓语动词”。
Over
the
last
decade,an
average
of
2,500
people
have
died
every
year
in
vehicle
accidents.
在过去的10年里,平均每年有2
500人死于交通事故。
The
price
of
houses
has
doubled
over
the
past
few
years.
房价在过去的几年里涨了一倍。
The
number
of
students
in
our
class
is
more
than
50.
我们班的学生人数超过50。
【句式拓展】
a
number
of表示“许多,大量”,常见用法为“a
number
of+复数名词+复数谓语动词”。
A
number
of
people
would
not
support
this
type
of
scientific
research.
许多人不会支持这种类型的科学研究。
2.To
be
frank,I’m
addicted
to
my
car.坦白地说,我非常喜欢我的车。(P59)
【句式剖析】句中to
be
frank意为“坦白地说,坦率地说”,是非谓语动词的独立结构作状语。
To
be
frank,many
mistakes
we
made
could
have
been
avoided
if
we
had
been
more
careful.
坦率地说,如果我们更细心一些,我们所犯的许多错误原本是可以避免的。
【句式拓展】非谓语动词的独立结构
(1)动词-ing形式:honestly/personally/generally/strictly
speaking、judging
from/by、taking
everything
into
account、considering
that、seeing
that、assuming
that、supposing、talking
of、including等。
Judging
from
his
past
performances,he
is
not
likely
to
do
very
well
in
this
exam.
从他过去的表现来判断,他在这次考试中不可能表现得太好。
Seeing
that
nobody
was
very
enthusiastic
about
it,they
decided
to
cancel
the
trip.
鉴于没人对这次旅行感兴趣,他们决定取消它。
(2)过去分词形式:given、provided
(=providing)、compared
to/with等。
Given
another
chance,
he
will
surely
succeed.
如果再有一次机会的话,他肯定会成功的。
You
may
keep
the
book
a
further
week
provided
(that)
no
one
else
requires
it.
倘若这本书没有其他人想借的话,你可以再续借一个星期。
(3)不定式形式:
to
tell
(you)
the
truth、to
be
honest/frank/exact...、to
sum
up、to
make
the
story
short、to
make
things
worse、to
begin/start
with等。
To
be
honest,I
don’t
think
we
have
a
chance
of
winning.
说实话,我不认为我们有获胜的可能。
To
sum
up,
we
should
focus
on
staff
training.
总之,我们应该重视员工培训。
3.What
about
the
shops
around
the
corner?街角的商店怎么样?(P59)
【句式剖析】
What/How
about...?“……怎么样?”表示建议或征求对方意见。
“What
about
you?”
he
asked.“Don’t
you
get
your
creative
thoughts
from
the
same
place?”
“你呢?”他问。“你的创意不是来自同一个地方吗?”
【句式拓展】
(1)What
if...?通常用来征询意见或用于提出建议,其中if从句用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)What
for?为什么?有何用?
(3)Why
don’t
we...?我们为什么不……呢?(建议)
(4)Why
not...?为什么不……呢?(建议)
(5)Shall
we...?
咱们……好吗?(建议)
(6)So
what?(表示不感兴趣或认为不重要)那又怎么样?(口语)
What
if
he
doesn’t
come?=What
should
we
do
if
he
doesn’t
come?如果他不来我们怎么办呢?
重点语法
Collocations“搭配语”
Collocations“搭配语”指的是一种语言中,母语人士惯用的字和字的组合,听起来自然地道,也能快速、精确地传达意思。
1.Daily
Life
动词+名词
heat
the
soup把汤加热
do
the
laundry洗衣服
stain
my
shirt弄脏衣服
water
the
flowers浇花
put
on/apply
lipstick擦口红(的动作)
2.Feeling
Sick
形容词+名词
就医时描述症状的用语通常都有固定搭配。
a
runny
nose流鼻涕
a
phlegmy
cough带痰的咳嗽
a
scratchy
throat喉咙痒
a
mild
fever轻微发烧
3.『一群』的英文不只是“a
group
of...”
a
flock
of
birds/geese/sheep一群鸟/鹅/羊
a
herd
of
elephants一群象
a
swarm
of
bugs/insects一群昆虫
a
grain
of
rice/salt一粒米/一粒盐
a
cube
of
sugar一颗方糖
a
bar
of
candy一块糖果
a
head
of
cattle一头牛
注意:(1)把搭配语看作单一的字块,而不是两三个单字;
例如,直接想“scratchy
throat”,而不分开记“scratchy痒”和“throat喉咙”。
(2)比起分开记两个字,一次记住搭配语,学得更快。
例如,一次学会“behave
properly”(表现得体),就学会了动词“behave”和副词“properly”。
Ⅰ.选择方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式完成句子
bin,realistic,compare
to,packet,chopsticks,go
up,be
bad
for,
keep
fit,
reusable,
arrive
at
1.When
he　　　　　
the
town,he
found
all
the
work
already
finished.?
答案:arrived
at
2.　　　　　the
traditional
ones,they
have
three
new
unique
functions.?
答案:Compared
to
3.Blood-sugar
levels　　　　　as
you
digest
food.?
答案:go
up
4.It　　　　　
us
to
stay
late
surfing
the
internet
every
day.?
答案:is
bad
for
5.I
work
out
regularly
to　　　　　.?
答案:keep
fit
6.The
postman
tried
to
put
the　　　　　
through
the
letter-box.?
答案:packet(s)
7.As
a
foreigner,I
have
trouble
using　　　　　
correctly
like
Chinese.?
答案:chopsticks
8.Although
these
bags
are
convenient
and　　　　　,they
are
not
environmentally
friendly.?
答案:reusable
9.Throw
it
in
the　　　　　!?
答案:bin
10.We
should
encourage
pupils
to
set　　　　　
goals.?
答案:realistic
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.He
tries
to
set
　　　　　at
least
half
an
hour
every
day
for
jogging.?
答案:aside
2.He
set
　　　　　the
heavy
box
and
rested
for
a
while.?
答案:down
3.We
will
set
　　　　　at
six
o’clock
tomorrow
morning.?
答案:off/out
4.The
government
has
set
　　　　　to
make
many
needed
reforms.?
答案:out
5.You
need
a
holiday
to
set
you
　　　　　again
after
all
that
hard
work.?
答案:up
6.He
was　　　　　(annoy)
at
your
suggestion.?
答案:annoyed
7.I
like
her
even
though
she
can
be
　　　　　(annoy).?
答案:annoying
8.They
are
now
living
in
　　　　　(relation)
comfort.?
答案:relative