完形填空解题技巧

初中英语完形填空解题技巧
一、四种解题法：
1.总体把握
要通读完形填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。
2.弄清体裁
文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。
3.重视主题句
完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。
4.语境联想
利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。
一般说来讲解以下三种解题技法：
1.词语搭配：look at /look out / look after/look up/
2.语法判定
a.名词，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。
b.动词，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。
c.介词，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。
d.代词，要注意性、数、格是否准确。
e.连词，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。
f.形容词和副词，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化。
实例分析
2. 考查对文段语境的理解能力。考生必须通过语境作出判断，一般要看懂一两句话作情景铺垫。例如：
His coughing stopped my thinking. What was left to say How could I say 53 to the person who taught me everything
53. A. goodbye B. hello C. yes D. sorry
The next morning I 54 (woke up), looked at my alarm clock, and realized he had left 55 ago. We never even said goodbye.
55. A. minutes B. hours C. days D. weeks
实例分析
3．考查对文章内容进行逻辑分析、推理判断的能力。要求考生能理解上下文的内在关联和连贯意义。例如：
It was almost 9:00p.m. when Mia Janson left her office to go home. It was 36 . She started her car and she 37（drove） down the dark road that led to her house in the country. She 38 (turned on)__ the radio and sang songs while she was driving. The heater wasn’t working, …
36. A. raining B. cool C. snowing D. late
The latest attraction is a big 51 tunnel(隧道) you can through. All around you ,you will see fish swimming –sometimes even over your head.
A. metal B. wood C. glass D. stone
完型填空解题要诀
通读全文知大意
瞻前顾后定意义
通读全文，仔细阅读文章的第一句和最后一句，基本把握语篇的大意。
有时候选择哪一个单词要看到文章的后段才能确定，如果不把全篇内容搞清楚，很可能会造成前后意思矛盾，甚至会使原文的意思面目全非。
因此，做题要顾及文章的整体性和合理性
反复阅读求正确
例：Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his ____1____ and traveling.
A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work
在一篇文章中，有时就一个单句而言，很难确定合适的答案，但若继续下去，就会发现与问题有关的信息词，这些词往往直接或间接地提出或暗示我们所寻找的答案
接着读下文：
Then, after returning to the United States from a _2___ trip to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place __ 3___ him. The material between his bones became weak.
2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant
A. from B. around C. inside D. beside
【分析和说明】第2题：咋一看，A，B，D项都可选，如果第一句中学生认为是旅游玩得很愉快，那么选D项的就更多。句中说在此之后，Mr. Cousins got sick病倒了,这是关键的信息词。因此这是一个tiring trip；第3题：不认真看题，那么很容易选B，以为是他身边发生的事。跟第二题一样，读后句就知道，这里的a change只能是他身体内部的变化。因为文中提到The material between his bones became…。所以做题时要首尾兼顾，抓住主要信息。
【解答】第2，3题正确答案分别为B，C。
【分析和说明】第2题：咋一看，A，B，D项都可选，如果第一句中学生认为是旅游玩得很愉快，那么选D项的就更多。句中说在此之后，Mr. Cousins got sick病倒了,这是关键的信息词。因此这是一个tiring trip；第3题：不认真看题，那么很容易选B，以为是他身边发生的事。跟第二题一样，读后句就知道，这里的a change只能是他身体内部的变化。因为文中提到The material between his bones became…。所以做题时要首尾兼顾，抓住主要信息。
有时，在一个段落中，前面的空只凭借一个句子的内容很难做出正确的判断，但是在后面的句子结构中也出现同样的语言结构，这种语言现象便是我们要找的比较信息部分。了解比较信息部分的结构，能帮助我们找到前面对应结构中等立存在的答案。
例：Pagoda Street is a street like many others – not very __ 1___ , not very wide, ___ 2____ wide enough for two buses to pass. But it is a __3___ street all the same, particularly during the rush hour.
1. A clear B. clean C. far D. fresh
2. A. also B. even C. and D. only
3. A. famous B. useful C. busy D. free
例：An old lion ____ in its cave and pretended to be ill, when some animals came to visit it, the lion killed and ate them.
slept B. lay C. lying D. felt sick
【分析和说明】如果仅以“主语后面应该跟谓语动词”这一语法规则去分析，显然A，B和D都对。但是文中的“killed and ate them”说明狮子并未睡觉，而是在捕食或者伺机捕杀前来探望的动物，从而否定了A。通过“pretended to be ill”这一信息又证实了“狮子并未生病”这一事实，所以又否定了D。因此只有B为正确答案。lay虽表示“卧着”，却有“其大脑清醒”的含义，暗求着狮子随时会突然跃起，扑向靠近它的动物。
【解答】答案为B。
（三）反复阅读求正确
做完后一定要反复阅读短文，检验单词填入后的句意和全文的意思是否相符，是否符合逻辑；
再检验空格内填入的名词的单复数，动词的时态或形式，形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级等等是否填对了。
检查所填单词有没有拼写错误、语法毛病、逻辑矛盾。
例
The Thais _____ to eat with their hands and now there are still some people who eat this way.
A. went B. had C. wanted D. used
这句话如果只看空格，四个选项分别是短语：go to do…, have to do…, want to do…, used to do…,
但结合后半句：and now there are still some people who eat this way,
可知答案应该是D。
例
If the mother has another RH+ baby, the mother’s blood will attack the baby’s blood. The baby may die or __________.
A. sickness B. illness
C. ill D. become sick.
这道题同学们会误选 C ill, 但如果能仔看清情态动词 may, 就不难作出准确的选择 D become sick.
+ NO 1 Fashion not only in Clothes
For most people，the word “fashion” means “clothes”. But people may ask the question，“What ___1___ are in fashion ” And they use the adjective “fashionable” in the same way: “She was wearing a ___2___ coat.” “His shirt was really a fashionable color.”
But of course there are fashions ___3___ many things，not only in clothes. There are fashions in holidays, in restaurants, in films and books. There are ___4___ fashions in school subjects, jobs…and in languages. Fashions ___5___ as time goes. ___6___ you look at pictures of people or things from the past, you will see that fashions have always changed. An English house of 1750 was different ___7___ one of 1650. A fashionable man in 1780 looked very different from his grandson in 1850.
Today fashions change very quickly. We hear about things ___8___ more quickly than in the past. Newspapers, radios, telephones and televisions send information from one country ___9___ another in a few hours. New fashions mean that people will ___10___ new things, so you see there is money in fashion.
1. A. color B. clothes C. food D. money
2. A. nice B. beautiful C. expensive D. fashionable
3. A. at B. by C. in D. with
4. A. even B. just C. only D. already
5. A. change B. changes C. are changed D. changed
6. A. Where B. When C. If D. As
7. A. on B. for C. with D. from
8. A. very B. much C. too D. quite
9. A. in B. by C. to D. with
10. A. buy B. sell C. get D. use
【答案与解析】
1. B。根据首句“时髦意味着衣服”，很容易推测出要问的是“衣服”。
2. D。根据上文“用同样的方法使用形容词 fashionable”，下文自然是含有fashionable的句子。
3. C。根据下文中的in holidays，in restaurants等，运用语感感知法立刻就能锁定正确选项。
4. A。上句“假期时髦、餐馆时髦……”和本句的“学科时髦、工作时髦……”之间是进一步说明的关系，因此，要选表示递进关系的副词。这四个副词中只有even表示递进关系。
5. A。“时髦随着时间的推移发生变化”，属于客观事实和普遍真理，因此，要用一般现在时(from www. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))。
6. C。“看过去的像片或物品”和“看到时髦总是在变化”是条件与结果的关系，因此，本句应选引导条件状语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )的连词。
7. D。表示“与……不同”，要用固定词组be different from。根据下句中的different from，运用就地发现法，也能立马锁定选项。
8. B。从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )子结构方面来看，这是一个表示两者 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )进行比较的句型。根据语法规则“修饰比较级 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )时要用程度副词much”，就可以排除其他选项。
9. C。此处是指“从一个国家，到另一个国家”。表达这一意思时，要用连词词组from... to...。
10. A。根据后半句“明白钱的时髦”，运用科学推理法可知“只有买东西才能知道”，因此，应是“买新东西”。

No. 2
The best way of learning a language is always using it. The best way of learning spoken English is ___1___ in English as much as possible. Sometimes you’ll get your words ___2___ up and people will not ___3___ you. Sometimes people will ___4___ things too quickly and you can’t understand them. But ___5___ you keep your sense of humor, you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you ___6___. Don’t be unhappy if people seem to be laughing ___7___ your mistakes. It’s ___8___ for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you, ___9___ they don’t understand what you we saying. The most important thing for learning English is: “Don’t be ___10___ of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.”
1. A. listening B. talking C. reading D. writing
2. A. mix B. mixing C. to mix D. mixed
3. A. like B. know C. help D. understand
4. A. say B. talk C. tell D. speak
5. A. if B. when C. since D. although
6. A. have B. make C. take D. product
7. A. at B. on C. in D. for
8. A. good B. better C. best D. well
9. A. unless B. because C. as soon as D. as long as
10. A. sad B. worry C. afraid D. unhappy
【答案与解析】
1. B。在听、说、读、写四个学习环节中，学英语口语最好的方法只能是“说”才合乎实际。
2. D。宾语的动作由别人来完成时，补足语要用过去分词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。
3. D。“说不清，道不明”，听的人自然不 “明白或理解”说的是什么。
4. A。这四个词都有“说”的意思，say着重说的内容，talk 强调两个人之间说话，tell着重把一件事情传给别人，speak 着重说某种语言。“说得太快”指说话的内容而言，因此，选say。
5. A。“保持幽默感”与“嘲笑错误”是条件与结果的关系，所以本句是个条件状语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。when和since引导时间状语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )，although 引导让步状语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )，只有if引导条件状语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。
6. B。make a mistake 是个固定词组，意思是“犯错误”。
7. A。laugh at是个固定词组，意思是“嘲笑”。
8. B。“嘲笑……”与“愤怒……”相比较时，要用形容词比较级 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。good和well是原级，best是最高级。
9. B。“笑话你的错误或向你发脾气”与“不理解说的是什么”是结果与原因的关系，所以该句是个原因状语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。unless与as long as引导条件状语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )，as soon as引导时间状语从句，只有 because引导原因状语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。(from www. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))
10. C。选sad 和 happy 不符合上下文语境，也不合逻辑。如选worry，意思上讲得通，英语中却没有 worry of 这个词组，要改成 worry about才对