动词和动词短语
河北中考英语真题
1.(2020河北,38)Some volunteers are going to ???? the central park. Let's join them.
A.put up B.clean up C.look up D.give up
2.(2019河北,31)On the first day of Chinese New Year, we ????new clothes and visit people.
A.pick up B.put on C.take off D.throw away
3.(2018河北,32)Can you help me ????the pen? It's under your chair.
A.ask for B.look for C.pick up D.put up
4.(2017河北,29)Grandfather lives with us. We all ????him.
A.look at B.look for C.look after D.look like
5.(2016河北,34)The air ????fresh after the rain. And the sky is blue.
A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.sounds
6.(2016河北,39)We need to do some research to ????the answer.
A.find out B.look out
C.hand out D.take out
全国中考英语真题
一 动词词义辨析
1.(2020安徽,25)—Hi, Jill. I'd like to share with you the latest news about the height of Qomolangma.
—Really?Make sure the news is true before you ???? it.
A.receive B.spread C.cancel D.hear
2.(2020湖北武汉,34)—What makes you ????we're going to sell the house?
—I hear that you've got a job abroad.
A.doubt B.wonder C.promise D.suppose
3.(2020江西,33)The performer ????because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.
A.continued B.relaxed C.stopped D.won
4.(2019天津,24)We should ???? making a noise in the library.
A.avoid B.prefer C.practise D.enjoy
5.(2019安徽,37)—Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you?
—Yes, I'd like to ???? a single room for two nights.
A.enter B.move C.book D.provide
6.(2019湖北武汉,36)—Have you ???? chemistry for the coming exam?
—Yes. I'm quite ready for it.
A.repeated B.copied
C.marked D.reviewed
7.(2018天津,23)I am afraid we cannot ???? to take a taxi. Let's go by underground instead.
A.refuse B.afford C.forget D.fall
8.(2018安徽,34)—I'm afraid I might forget to buy the bread after work.
—Don't worry. I will ????you then.
A.notice B.allow C.remind D.promise
9.(2018湖北武汉,34)—Who ???? the computer?
—Sorry, I've no idea. But it has changed the world greatly.
A.invented B.discovered C.made D.played
10.(2017天津,35)—The cheese doesn't ???? good. Why don't we go to buy some fresh cheese?
—Sounds great!
A.see B.find C.sound D.taste
11.(2017河南,32)The plane ????on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather.
A.ran B.moved C.shook D.remained
12.(2017安徽,37)It is necessary for schools to ???? the need of all the students' development.
A.cut B.hide C.refuse D.satisfy
13.(2017云南,26)You'd better ????more time talking with your parents so that they can understand you better.
A.spend B.take C.cost D.pay
14.(2017内蒙古包头,32)—How about some more ice cream?
—No, thanks. It's very good, but I have to ????my weight, you know.
A.prevent B.watch C.refuse D.keep
15.(2016内蒙古呼和浩特,7)—Did you watch the football game yesterday?
—Yes, I did. John is really a dark horse. Nobody ????him to go so far.
A.wanted B.encouraged C.expected D.hoped
二 动词短语辨析
1.(2020安徽,30)We are supposed to ???? smart phones and take more exercise instead.
A.take up B.put away C.look into D.give out
2.(2020江苏南京,11)—Which bicycle should I choose, sir?
—It ???? what you want to use it for.
A.takes on B.carries on C.puts on D.depends on
3.(2020江苏苏州,7)—Tony, come over. What do the letters “KIT” mean in the text message?
—Don't you know that, Amy?They ???? “keep in touch”.
A.search for B.ask for
C.go for D.stand for
4.(2020辽宁营口,12)—Tony's room is tidy, isn't it?
—Yes. Because he always ???? his toys after playing with them.
A.moves away B.puts away C.sweeps away D.gives away
5.(2019河南,30)I asked my father to ???? me ???? at the school gate at 6:30 so that we could visit Grandma together.
A.pick;up B.turn;down C.let;down D.cheer;up
6.(2019山东青岛,6)The English Speech Competition ???? the best in her. As a result, she is more active now.
A.checked out B.tried out C.left out D.brought out
7.(2019江苏苏州,7)Would you please ???? the light? I can't sleep well with it on.
A.turn on B.turn off
C.turn to D.turn around
8.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特,9)I really need to take more exercise because I'm ???? weight.
A.putting down B.putting on C.putting off D.putting away
9.(2019新疆,30)—I'm afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please ???? him to ???? a little?
—Sure.
A.ask;turn it down B.allow;turn it on C.tell;turn it up D.advise;turn it off
10.(2018安徽,37)Some animals can ????the color around to protect themselves.
A.take on B.give up C.put away D.see off
11.(2018天津,26)Mum asked me to ???? for dinner.
A.lay the table B.go to sleep C.keep a diary D.take a vacation
12.(2018河南,32)—Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.
—Pay no attention to him. He is just ????.
A.taking off B.showing off
C.driving off D.setting off
13.(2017天津,29)John ???? the TV and helped his mother with the housework.
A.turned off B.heard from
C.joined in D.looked after
14.(2017天津,30)My father wants me to ???? doing my homework as soon as I get home.
A.stand for B.win the heart of
C.stay in touch with D.get into the habit of
15.(2017河南,30)Don't know where your kids are in the house?Turn off the Internet and they'll ????quickly.
A.get up B.stand up
C.show up D.hurry up
16.(2017云南昆明,30)As we ????on our new journey, we shouldn't forget where we came from.
A.take out B.set out
C.cut out D.blow out
模拟题
一 动词词义辨析
1.(2020唐山路北一模,26)During the epidemic situation(疫情), we are supposed to ???? close contact with strangers.
A.allow B.avoid C.attack D.afford
2.(2019石家庄教学质量检测,34)Tim ???? stronger after running for a month.
A.stayed B.kept
C.remained D.became
3.(2018邯郸一模,28)The idea of going climbing on such a sunny day ????so wonderful.
A.tastes B.sounds C.smells D.feels
4.(2018唐山路北一模,29)You can't ????how happy I was when I saw Yang Liwei! He's my idol.
A.change B.notice C.imagine D.feel
5.(2018石家庄桥西一模,30)—The train is coming. Please take out our tickets.
—Oh,God! I ????them at home.
A.missed B.lost C.left D.forgot
二 动词短语辨析
1.(2020石家庄十八县、市、区大联考一模,31) Cathy sold some of her things in a yard sale and ???? the money to a poor child's home.
A.gave away B.gave up
C.gave out D.gave in
2.(2020石家庄外国语学校一模,31)A forest fire ???? in Australia last year and caused great damage to the country.
A.turned out B.carried out C.put out D.broke out
3.(2020石家庄第二十八中学一模,30)—I don't know how to ????the old books.
—Why not give them away to poor children?
A.hand out B.give up C.deal with D.take up
4.(2020石家庄新华一模,30)Jim ???? Mr. Smith. Everyone in his community can easily know he is the son of Mr. Smith.
A.puts off B.sets out C.shuts down D.takes after
5.(2020唐山开平一模,31)Huoshenshan Hospital was ???? in ten days in Wuhan to treat people with COVID-19.
A.set up B.taken up C.held up D.brought up
6.(2020唐山遵化二模,32)—Alice's room is tidy, isn't it?
—Yes. She always ???? her toys after playing with them.
A.looks for B.puts away C.gives away D.pays for
7.(2019秦皇岛海港一模,32)—Manager, all the machines ???? just now.
—What?Call the engineer at once.
A.put down B.turned down C.broke down D.came down
8.(2019石家庄桥西毕业班质量检测,32)They have to ???? the concert because the singer is ill.
A.put out B.fall off C.put off D.turn off
9.(2019邯郸永年一模,32)Don't ???? all the paper. Leave some for me.
A.use up B.eat up C.give up D.put up
10.(2019石家庄教学质量检测,32)Good manners can make people ???? each other.
A.get off B.get over
C.get away D.get on well with
11.(2019邢台一模,29)If you have some questions in class, please ???? your hands.
A.lift up B.take away
C.put down D.take back
12.(2018邯郸一模,30) ????your hat when raising the national flag.
A.Take off B.Turn off C.Get off D.Fall off
13.(2018石家庄十八县、市、区联考,29)Ted, could you please help me ????the problem?
A.give out B.take out
C.work out D.find out
答案
河北中考英语真题
1.答案????B 句意:一些志愿者打算打扫中心公园。让我们加入他们吧。本题考查动词短语。put up张贴;clean up打扫干净; look up查阅; give up放弃。
知识拓展 含有up的常见动词短语还有:take up开始从事,占据; eat up吃光;make up 编造;set up 建立;turn up 调高。
2.答案????B 句意:在春节的第一天,我们会穿上新衣服、走亲访友。本题考查动词短语辨析。A选项意为“拾起”;B选项意为“穿上”; C选项意为“脱下”; D选项意为“扔掉”。根据春节习俗可知,此处应该是“穿上新衣服”,故本题选择B。
3.答案????C 句意:你能帮我捡起那支钢笔吗?它在你的椅子下面。本题考查动词短语辨析。A选项意为“请求;要求”;B选项意为“寻找”;C选项意为“拾起;捡起”;D选项意为“张贴”。由句意可知本题选择C。
易错警示 审题时如果把题干错误地理解成两个人的对话,即“——你能帮我找找我的钢笔吗?——它在你的椅子下面。”则本题极易错选B。所以一定要注意审清题干的内容,不要犯主观臆断的错误。
4.答案????C 句意:爷爷和我们住在一起。我们都照顾他。本题考查易混动词短语。look at意为“看”;look for意为“寻找”;look after意为“照顾”;look like意为“看起来像”。由句意可知本题选择C。
5.答案????C 句意:雨后空气闻起来是新鲜的。并且天空是蓝色的。本题考查动词辨析。feel摸起来;taste尝起来;smell闻起来;sound听起来。根据句意可知选C。
知识拓展 人有五感,这五种感觉分别对应着五个感官动词,feel意为“摸起来”;look意为“看起来”;sound意为“听起来”;smell意为“闻起来”;taste意为“尝起来”。感官动词的特点:(1)后面一般加形容词;(2)没有被动语态。
6.答案????A 句意:我们需要做一些研究来找到答案。本题考查动词短语辨析。find out找到,发现;look out 当心,留神;hand out分发,给予;take out取出。根据句意可知,答案为A项。
知识拓展 包含out的常见动词短语还有:work out算出,解决; sell out卖光;break out爆发; carry out实施; give out分发,发出; put out熄灭; come out出版,出现; point out指出; drop out辍学; spread out散开; clear out清理; die out灭绝。
全国中考英语真题
一 动词词义辨析
1.答案????B 句意:——你好,吉尔。我想和你分享关于珠穆朗玛峰高度的最新消息。——真的吗?在你传播这条消息之前,你要确保它是真的。本题考查动词词义辨析。receive收到;spread传播;cancel取消;hear听见。和别人分享一则消息就相当于在传播它,故选B。
2.答案????D 句意:——什么使你认为我们要卖掉房子?——我听说你已经在国外得到了一份工作。本题考查动词词义辨析。suppose意为“认为,推断”,结合句意可知本题选择D。doubt怀疑;wonder想知道;promise承诺,许诺。
3.答案????C 句意:这位表演者停了下来,因为人群中传来太多噪音。本题考查动词词义辨析。continue继续;relax放松;stop停止;win赢。因为人群中噪音太多,所以表演者不得不停止表演,故选C。
4.答案????A????句意:我们应该避免在图书馆制造噪音。本题考查动词词义辨析。avoid 避免;prefer 更喜欢;practise 练习;enjoy 喜欢,享受。由句意可知本题选择A。
5.答案????C 句意:——您好,这里是北京旅馆。我能为您效劳吗?——是的,我想预订一个单人间,住两晚。本题考查动词词义辨析。A选项意思为“进入”;B选项意思为“移动”;C选项意思为“预订”;D选项意思为“提供”。故选C。
6.答案????D 句意:——你为即将到来的考试复习化学了吗?——是的,我已经准备好了。本题考查动词的词义辨析。A:重复;B:复制;C:做记号;D:复习。根据语境“即将到来的考试”可知,应该选择“复习”, 故本题选择D。
7.答案????B 句意:恐怕我们支付不起坐出租车。让我们坐地铁代替吧。此题考查动词辨析。refuse拒绝,afford支付得起,forget忘记,fall开始变成。根据上下句语境理解可以选出B。
8.答案????C 句意:——恐怕下班后我可能会忘记买面包。——不用担心。到时候我会提醒你。本题考查动词的词义辨析。根据句意可知选C。notice注意到;allow允许;promise承诺。
思路分析 这类题要在语境中找到答题线索。
9.答案????A 句意:——谁发明了电脑?——对不起,我不知道。但是它已经大大地改变了世界。本题考查动词词义辨析。A选项意为“发明”;B选项意为“发现”;C选项意为“制造”;D选项意为“玩;播放”。根据句意可知本题选择A。
10.答案????D 句意:——这奶酪尝起来不好。我们为什么不去买一些新鲜的奶酪呢?——听起来不错!本题考查动词词义辨析。A项意为“看见”,B项意为“找到”,C项意为“听起来”,D项意为“尝起来”。根据句意应选D项。
11.答案????D 句意:因为糟糕的天气,飞机在地面上又停留了两个小时。本题考查动词词义辨析。run跑;move移动;shake摇动;remain停留。根据句意可知选D项。
12.答案????D 句意:对于学校来说,满足所有学生的发展需求是必要的。本题考查动词的词义辨析。cut切,割;hide躲藏;refuse拒绝;satisfy满足。satisfy the need of...满足……的需求。故选 D项。
13.答案????A 句意:你最好多花些时间跟你的父母进行交谈,以便他们可以更好地理解你。本题考查动词的辨析。It takes sb. some time to do sth.某事花费某人多长时间;cost价格为;pay支付。根据spend time/money doing sth.的结构可知应该选择spend。
14.答案????B 句意:——再吃些冰激凌怎么样?——不了,谢谢。它很好吃,但是你知道我必须注意我的体重。本题考查动词词义辨析。prevent 阻止;watch 注意;refuse 拒绝;keep 保持。根据句意选B。
15.答案????C 句意:——你昨天看足球比赛了吗?——是的,看了。John真是匹黑马。没有人指望他能表现那么好。本题考查动词词义。want sb. to do sth.想让某人做……;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做……;expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做……;hope接从句,表示希望某人……。根据题意可知选C。
二 动词短语辨析
1.答案????B 句意:我们应该把智能手机收起来,多锻炼。本题考查动词短语辨析。take up占据;put away收起来;look into调查;give out分发。根据本句中的and take more exercise instead可知设空处表示“把……收起来”,故选B。
2.答案????D 句意:——先生,我该选哪辆自行车呢? ——这取决于你想用它做什么。本题考查动词短语的辨析。take on承担;carry on继续;put on穿上;depend on取决于。根据句意可知,选择哪辆自行车取决于使用目的,故选D项。
知识拓展 与on相关的其他常用动词短语:go on继续;get on with与……和睦相处;come on 加油,拜托;hold on别挂断;live on靠……生活;feed on以……为食;turn on打开;work on致力于。
3.答案????D 句意:——Tony,过来。短信中的“KIT”这几个字母是什么意思?——你难说不知道吗,Amy?它们代表“保持联系”。本题考查动词短语辨析。search for搜索;ask for要求;go for选择;stand for代表。故选D项。
4.答案????B 句意:——托尼的房间很整洁,不是吗?——是的。因为他总是在玩完玩具后就收起来。本题考查动词短语辨析。move away搬走;put away将……收好;sweep away消灭;give away赠送。
5.答案????A 句意:我让我的父亲六点半在学校门口接我,以便我们可以一起去拜访祖母。本题考查动词词组的词义辨析。pick up(开车)接人; turn down拒绝;let sb. down令某人失望;cheer sb. up使某人振奋。根据语境和关键词visit 及together可知应该选A。
6.答案????D 句意: 英语演讲比赛促使她表现出她最好的一面。结果,她现在更活跃了。本题考查动词短语。check out结账离开;try out试验;leave out不包括;bring out使表现出。根据句意应选D。
7.答案????B 句意:你能把灯关了吗?灯开着我睡不好。本题考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开;turn off关掉;turn to转向,求助于;turn around转身。根据常识,睡觉时应该关灯。故选B项。
8.答案????B 句意:我真的需要更多的锻炼因为我正在发胖。本题考查动词短语辨析。put down放下;put on穿上,发胖;put off推迟;put away把……收起来。根据句意应选B项。
9.答案????A 句意:——恐怕他的收音机噪声太大了。请你让他将音量调小点好吗?——当然。本题考查动词以及动词短语的辨析。A选项意为“让;调小它”;B选项意为“允许;打开它”;C选项意为“告诉;开大它”;D 选项意为“建议;关上它”。根据句意可知答案为A。
10.答案????A 句意:一些动物可以呈现出和周围环境一样的颜色来保护自己。本题考查动词短语。根据题意可知,动物保护自己的手段之一是用保护色,即用身边环境的颜色来伪装。take on呈现出;give up放弃;put away把……收好;see...off为……送行。
知识拓展 take on a new look 呈现新面貌。
11.答案????A 句意:妈妈让我摆放餐具准备吃晚餐。此题考查动词短语。lay the table摆放餐具,go to sleep去睡觉,keep a diary记日记,take a vacation去度假。根据题干中的for dinner可以判断出选A。也可以利用排除法进行选择。
知识拓展 lay the table与set the table意思相同,“摆放餐具”。题干中的ask sb. to do sth.是“要求某人做某事”。
12.答案????B 句意:——Jack正在告诉所有人他买了一辆新车。——不用在意他,他只是在炫耀而已。本题考查动词词组辨析。A.起飞;B.炫耀;C.赶走,驾车离去;D.出发。根据句意和语境,可知应该选择B项。
知识拓展 考生应在复习阶段积累含有off的短语。如put off推迟;turn off关掉;get off下车;take a day off休假一天;fall off从……掉下;give off发出(光、热、气味等);keep off使不碰到。
13.答案????A 句意:约翰关掉电视,帮妈妈做家务。本题考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“关掉”,B项意为“收到……来信”,C项意为“参加”,D项意为“照看”。根据句意应选A项。
14.答案????D 句意:我爸爸想让我养成一回家就做作业的习惯。本题考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“代表”,B项意为“赢得……的心”,C项意为“和……保持联系”,D项意为“养成……的习惯”。根据句意应选D项。
15.答案????C 句意:不知道你的孩子们在房子里的哪个地方?关闭网络,他们很快就会出现了。本题考查动词词组辨析。get up起床;stand up站立;show up出现;hurry up赶快。根据语境可知选C项。
16.答案????B 句意:当我们踏上新的旅程时,我们不应该忘记我们来自何处。本题考查动词词组辨析。set out是常用短语,表示“出发”。A:获得;C:删去;D:吹灭。故正确答案是B。
模拟题
一 动词词义辨析
1.答案????B 句意:在疫情期间,我们应该避免和陌生人密切接触。本题考查动词词义辨析。A选项意为“允许”;B选项意为“避免”;C选项意为“攻击”;D选项意为“买得起”。避免与陌生人密切接触是疫情防控的常识,由此可知本题选择B。
知识拓展 题干中短语be supposed to do sth.意为“应该做某事”。
2.答案????D 句意:蒂姆在跑步一个月后变得更强壮了。本题考查易混动词辨析。A选项意为“保持”;B选项意为“保持”;C选项意为“仍然是,保持不变”;D选项意为“变得”。由句意可知本题选择D。
3.答案????B 句意:在这么一个阳光明媚的日子去爬山的主意听起来真棒。本题考查动词词义辨析。A选项意为“尝起来”;B选项意为“听起来”;C选项意为“闻起来”;D选项意为“摸起来”。根据句意可知本题选择B。
4.答案????C????句意:你想象不到当我见到杨利伟时我有多开心!他是我的偶像。本题考查动词词义辨析。A选项意为“改变”;B选项意为“注意”;C选项意为“想象”;D选项意为“感觉,摸起来”。根据句意可知本题选择C。
5.答案????C 句意:——火车来了。请拿出我们的票。——哦,天哪!我把它们落在家里了。本题考查动词词义辨析。A选项意为“错过,想念”;B选项意为“丢失,输”;C选项意为“落下,离开”;D选项意为“忘记”。“leave sth. at home”意为“把某物落在家里”,故选择C。
误区警示 本题如受汉语影响则易错选D,应熟记“leave sth. at home”这一短语。
二 动词短语辨析
1.答案????A 句意:凯茜在一个庭院拍卖会上卖掉了她的一些东西并且把钱捐给了一个贫穷小孩儿家。本题考查动词短语。A选项意为“捐赠,赠送”;B选项意为“放弃”;C选项意为“分发”;D选项意为“认输,让步”。由句意可知本题选择A。
2.答案????D????句意:去年在澳大利亚爆发了一场森林火灾,并且给这个国家造成了巨大的损失。本题考查动词短语。A选项意为“关闭,结果是”;B选项意为“实施”;C选项意为“扑灭”;D选项意为“爆发”。由题干后文内容可知澳大利亚爆发了森林火灾,由此可知本题选择D。
3.答案????C 句意:——我不知道如何处理这些旧书。 ——为什么不把它们捐给贫穷的孩子呢?本题考查动词短语。A选项意为“分发”;B选项意为“放弃”;C选项意为“处理”;D选项意为“占据,开始从事”。由答语内容可知这是处理旧书的一种方式,由此可知本题选择C。
4.答案????D 句意:吉姆长得很像史密斯先生。他的小区的每个人都能很容易知道他是史密斯先生的儿子。本题考查动词短语。A选项意为“推迟”;B选项意为“出发”;C选项意为“关闭”;D选项意为“与……相像”。由题干第二句话的内容可知本题选择D。
知识拓展 take after指在外表、举止、性格方面像某人。
5.答案????A 句意:为了治疗新冠肺炎患者,在十天之内火神山医院就在武汉被建起来了。本题考查动词短语。A选项意为“建立”;B选项意为“占据,开始从事”;C选项意为“举起,抬起”;D选项意为“养育”。由句意可知本题选择A。
6.答案????B 句意:——艾丽斯的房间很整洁,不是吗?——是的。她在玩玩具后总是把它们收拾好。本题考查动词短语。A选项意为“寻找”;B选项意为“收拾好,放好”;C选项意为“捐赠”;D选项意为“为……付钱”。由题干第一句内容可推出艾丽斯玩玩具后总会收拾好,故本题选择B。
7.答案????C 句意:——经理,刚才所有的机器都出故障了。——什么?马上叫工程师。本题考查易混动词短语辨析。A选项意为“放下,写下”;B选项意为“调小”;C选项意为“出故障”;D选项意为“下来”。由句意可知本题选择C。
8.答案????C 句意:他们必须推迟这场音乐会因为这个歌手病了。本题考查易混动词短语辨析。A选项意为“扑灭”;B选项意为“从……掉下”;C选项意为“推迟”;D选项意为“关掉”。由句意可知本题选择C。
9.答案????A 句意:不要用光所有的纸。给我留一些。本题考查易混动词短语辨析。A选项意为“用光”;B选项意为“吃光”;C选项意为“放弃”;D选项意为“支起,挂起,张贴”。由句意可知本题选择A。
10.答案????D 句意:好的礼仪能让人们彼此相处得很好。本题考查易混动词短语辨析。A选项意为“下车”;B选项意为“克服”;C选项意为“离开”;D选项意为“与……相处得好”。由句意可知本题选择D。
11.答案????A 句意:如果你在课堂上有问题,请举起你的手。本题考查易混动词短语辨析。A选项意为“举起”;B选项意为“带走”;C选项意为“放下”;D选项意为“收回”。由句意可知本题选择A。
12.答案????A 句意:当升国旗的时候要脱帽。本题考查动词短语辨析。A选项意为“脱下,摘掉”;B选项意为“关闭”;C选项意为“下车”;D选项意为“从……掉下”。根据句意可知本题选择A。
13.答案????C 句意:特德,请你帮我解决这个难题好吗?本题考查动词短语辨析。A选项意为“分发,公布”;B选项意为“拿出”;C选项意为“解决,算出”;D选项意为“弄清,查明”。根据句意可知本题选择C。