2021高考英语人与社会类语法填空深度解读（四）
Taxis
are
one
of
the
most
easily
accessible
methods
of
public
transportation
in
Beijing.
They
are
(1)__________(fair)
cheap
with
the
average
cost
between
RMB
10
and
RMB
25.
They
are
highly
(2)__________(recommend).
Taxis
are
easily
found
in
Beijing,
mostly
available
at
airports
and
hotels.
During
rainstorms,
public
holidays
and
rush-hours,
getting
a
taxi
may
take
more
time.
Getting
around
in
Beijing
by
taxi
is
not
hard,
as
long
as
you
are
prepared.
Assume
your
driver
will
not
speak
English.
Keep
the
name
of
your
hotel
(3)__________(write)
down
in
Chinese
characters.
A
brochure,
business
card
or
receipt
may
work
(4)__________
have
the
hotel
staff
write
it
down
for
you.
Then
you
can
easily
show
(5)__________
to
a
driver.
Some
guidebooks
have
destinations
and
hotels
written
in
Chinese.
Also
a
little
phrasebook
may
be
enough.
You
can
also
learn
to
say
(6)__________
name
of
your
hotel
and
other
destinations
in
Chinese.
Taxis
are
modern,
metered
(计量的),
and
cheap,
costing
10
Yuan
($1.50)
to
start,
but
the
fare
(7)__________(go)
up
very
slowly
from
there.
Most
(8)__________(ride)
of
several
kilometers
are
only
about
15
Yuan.
Note
that
taxis
cannot
stop
anywhere
they
want—usually
if
there
is
a
solid
white
line
or
it’s
a
busy
place
with
police
around,
they
are
likely
to
ignore
your
(9)__________(wave).
Try
a
side
street
or
look
for
a
taxi
stand.
If
you
know
which
way
you
want
to
be
going,
catch
a
taxi
on
the
correct
side
of
the
road
as
it
will
be
(10)__________(fast).
考点积累
动词过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。
及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义：
[例]
a
wounded
soldier
=
a
soldier
who
was
wounded
一个受伤的士兵
不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成的意义：
[例]
a
retired
officer
=
an
officer
who
has
retired
一个退休的军官
单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面：
[例]
canned
fish罐装鱼
过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面：
[例]
cakes
made
by
our
teacher我们老师做的蛋糕
单个过去分词和形容词修饰something,
anything,
nothing等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面：
[例]
Something
reported
in
the
newspaper
interested
him.
报纸上的一些报道引起了他的兴趣。
过去分词做后置定语时，其作用相当于定语从句：
[例]
a
letter
written
in
pencil
=
a
letter
which
was
written
in
pencil
一封铅笔写的信
过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别：
语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动。
[例]
an
inspiring
speech鼓舞人心的演说
[例]
the
inspired
audience受到鼓舞的观众
时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于谓语动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”。
[例]
Do
you
know
the
boy
lying
under
the
big
tree?
你认识那个躺在大树下的男孩吗？
[例]
He
is
a
leader
respected
by
the
people.
他是一个受人尊敬的领导。
及物动词的过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以表示被动，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作。
[例]
the
problem
discussed
yesterday
昨天讨论的问题
[例]
the
problem
being
discussed
today
今天正在讨论的问题
答案解析
【主题语境】
人与社会：社会、历史与文化——社会热点问题
【解析】
①
fairly，考查副词。此处表示“相当地”，修饰形容词，因此要用副词fairly。
②
recommended，考查动词语态。be
highly
recommended表示“重点推荐”，的士是被推荐的，故应该用被动语态。
③
written，考查非谓语动词。the
name
of
your
hotel与write构成动宾关系，表被动，因此使用过去分词written。
④
or，考查连词。此处or连接的是两个并列的句子，表示“一本小册子，名片，收据就可以”或者是“让酒店员工帮你写下来”，因此用or。
⑤
it，考查代词。此处表示前文提到的酒店的名字，因此用代词it来指代。
⑥
the，考查冠词。此处表示“你住的酒店的名字”，为特指，因此要用定冠词the。
⑦
goes，考查动词时态。文章时态为一般现在时，且the
fare为不可数名词，所以用goes。
⑧
rides，考查名词。此处表示“乘坐汽车等的旅行”，为可数名词，根据后面的谓语are可判断此处为复数，因此要用复数形式rides。
⑨
waving，考查词性转换。wave作动词表示“招手”，形容词性物主代词后应接名词，故用waving。
⑩
faster，考查形容词的比较级。此处句意为“如果知道自己要去的目的地的方向，就到对应的那一边去，那样会比较快”，所以用比较级。
【译文】
的士是北京最便捷的公共交通方式之一。均价10-25元，非常便宜，所以重点推荐。在北京，很容易就能拦到的士，特别是在机场和酒店。在暴风雨，节假日或者是高峰期，可能会花更多时间才能打到车。
只要你有准备，乘坐的士环游北京并不困难。如果你的司机不会说英语，可以把你酒店的名字用汉语写下来。酒店的小册子，名片或者收据就可以了；或者你可以让酒店员工帮你把它写下来。然后你就可以轻松地向司机展示。一些游览指南上就有中文写的目的地和酒店的名字，或者是常用语手册也能搞定。你还可以学着用汉语说你住的酒店和其他目的地的名字。
的士很先进，打表（按里程）计价，而且很便宜。起步价才10元（1.5美元），但是费用会慢慢地上涨。大部分几公里以内的费用仅仅15元左右。
值得注意的是，的士并不能随意停车。通常在有白色实线或者是有警察指挥交通的繁忙地段，司机可能会对你的招呼视而不见。可以在小路或者的士停靠站拦的士。如果你知道自己要去的目的地的方向，你可以到对应的那一边，那样会比较快。
课后练习
（A）
President
Xi
Jinping
1
(express)
deep
sorrow
on
Friday
over
the
passing
of
the
famous
Hong
Kong
martial
arts
novelist
Louis
Cha
Leung-yung.
Cha,
2
(know)
by
his
pen
name
Jin
Yong,
died
on
Tuesday
at
the
Hong
Kong
Sanatorium
&
Hospital
at
age
94.
He
was
also
the
one
3
founded
the
Hong
Kong
daily
newspaper
Ming
Pao
in
1959.?
His
wuxia
novels
have
a
widespread
following
in
Chinese
communities
worldwide.
By
the
time
of
his
4
(die),
he
was
the
best-selling
Chinese
author,
and
over
100
million
copies
of
his
works
have
been
sold
in
5
world.
According
to
The
Oxford
Guide
to
Contemporary
World
Literature,
Jin
Yong’s
novels
6
(consider)
to
be
of
very
high
quality.
He
achieved
a
7
(great)
success
than
any
other
contemporary
writer.?
His
works
have
been
8
(wide)
translated
into
many
languages, 9
(include)
English,
French,
Korean
and
Japanese.
He
has
many
fans
outside
of
Chinese-speaking
areas,
as
a
result
10
many
adaptations
of
his
works
into
films,
television
series,
comics
and
video
games.
参考答案：1.expressed
2.known
3.who
4.death
5.the
6.are
considered
7.greater
8.widely
9.including
10.of
（B）
Designated
a
“City
of
Design”
by
UNESCO
in
2008,
Shenzhen
was
the
first
city
in
China
1 (present)an
official
strategy
around
creative
development.
This
led
2
the
sudden
and
tremendous
3 (grow)
of
its
up-and-coming
industries.
So
far
modern
4 (platform)
have
taken
the
place
of
5 (tradition)focuses
with
a
wider
range
of
creative
enterprises
from
smart
infrastructure
construction
to
design
and
robots.?
Shenzhen
6 (be)
a
coastal
city
on
the
east
bank
of
the
Pearl
River
estuary,
7 (separate)from
Hong
Kong
by
a
natural
river
border.
It
is
recognised
as
the
8 (young)
city
of
China.
Though
it
has
a
history
of
7,000
years,
its
true
development
didn’t
start
until
1980.
With
its
energy
of
youth,
Shenzhen
has
developed
at
an
incredible
speed.
After
being
designated
as
the
first
special
economic
zone
in
China,
9
was
once
a
fishing
village
has
rapidly
become
10 emerging
modern
city.
In
a
time
range
of
30
years,
it
has
changed
from
a
nameless
fish
town
to
one
of
the
most
prosperous
cities
in
China.
Today,
Shenzhen’s
speed
has
gathered
international
influence.?
答案1.to
present
2.to
3.growth
4.platforms
5.traditional
6.is
7.separated
8.youngest
9.what
10.an2021高考英语人与社会类语法填空深度解读（二）
One
modern
couple
couldn’t
make
heads
or
tails
of
whose
last
name
they’d
use
upon
getting
married.
(1)__________
they
flipped
a
coin.
Jeff
Conley
and
Darcy
Ward
decided
against
the
tradition
of
the
bride
(2)
(take)
the
groom’s
last
name
in
the
name
of
(3)__________(equal).
At
the
altar
of
their
Dec.14
wedding,
they
flipped
a
brass,
engraved
medallion
(黄铜纪念章),
one
side
with
Darcy’s
last
name,
and
the
other
with
Jeff’s
surname.
“(4)__________(be)
with
someone
who
was
willing
(5)__________(start)
the
marriage
from
a
creative
and
teamwork
and
fair
place
felt
like
a
really
good
first
step
toward
an
equal
partnership,”
Darcy,
a
nurse-midwife,
added.
When
the
time
came,
it
was
Darcy’s
name
(6)___________
won
out.
Mr.
and
Mrs.
Ward
(7)__________(thrill)
with
the
result.
“You
could
say
I
won,”
Jeff
said.
“I
was
the
one
who
received
something
new.”
It
wasn’t
the
only
way
they
broke
outdated
marriage
customs.
The
two,
who
met
on
Tinder,
proposed
to
one
another
with
separate
surprises:
Darcy
with
a
scavenger
hunt
(寻宝)—complete
with
her
getting
down
on
one
knee—and
Jeff
with
a
live
music
of
(8)__________(they)
favorite
song.
Couples
are
(9)__________(increasing)
breaking
traditions
on
their
wedding
days,
from
celebrating
their
union
with
matching
Mr.
and
Mrs.
bongs
(10)__________
abandoning
their
new
spouses
(伴侣)
altogether
and
enjoying
“unimoons,”
or
separate
honeymoons.
考点积累：
equal的用法及词形转换（派生词）
be
equal
to
与……相等/平等；胜任
[例]
The
rent
was
equal
to
half
his
monthly
income.
这租金相当于他半个月的收入。
[例]
He
is
equal
to
anything.
他无所不能。
be
of
equal
of
size/length/height
同等大小/长度/高度
[例]
They
believe
that
all
work
is
of
equal
value.
他们认为所有工作都具有同等价值。
[派]
equality
n.
[U]
相等；平等
[例]
racial
equality
种族平等
[派]
equally
adv.
相等地；同样地；平等地
[例]
People
are
born
equal
and
should
be
equally.
人生来平等，应该同等对待。
increase的用法及词形转换（派生词）
increase
vt.
增加；增长
n.
增加；增长
[搭]
increase
by
增长了……
[例]
The
rate
of
inflation
has
increased
by
2%.
通货膨胀已增长了2%。
[例]
Not
only
do
the
nurses
want
a
pay
increase,
they
want
reduced
hours
as
well.
护士们不仅想要涨工资，还想要减少工作时间。
on
the
increase
在增加
[例]
A
few
years
ago
it
was
an
endangered
species,
but
now
the
population
is
on
the
increase.
几年前，它还是濒临灭绝的物种，但现在它们的数量在不断增加。
[派]
increasingly
adv.
渐增地
[例]
Reading
is
increasingly
unpopular
among
children.
阅读越来越不受孩子们喜欢。
答案解析
【主题语境】
人与社会：社会、历史与文化——社会热点问题
【解析】
①
So，考查连词。此处表示“因此”，因此要用连词So。注意句首首字母大写。
②
taking，考查非谓语动词。此处take与bride为逻辑上的主谓关系，因此要用taking。
③
equality，考查词性转换。此处表示“平等”，因此要把equal转换为equality，表示“平等”。
④
Being，考查动名词。此处句子缺主语，因此用动名词Being做主语。注意大写。
⑤
to
start，考查固定搭配。be
willing
to
do
sth的意思“愿意做某事”，因此要用to
start。
⑥
that，考查强调句型。It
is
(was)
+主语+that…，因此要用that。
⑦
was
thrilled，考查时态和语态。句子描述的是过去的事件，且thrill与主语Mrs
Ward构成被动的关系，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态。
⑧
their，考查代词。此处表示“他们的最爱歌曲”，因此要用their。
⑨
increasingly，考查副词。此处表示“显著地”，因此要把increasing转换为increasingly，用来修饰后面的动词。
⑩
to，考查介词。from…to...
的意思为“从……到……”，因此使用介词to。
【译文】
有一对现代夫妇搞不清他们在结婚时会用谁的姓。所以他们抛了一枚硬币。
杰夫·康利和达西·沃德决定反对新娘以平等的名义随新郎姓的传统。在他们12月14日婚礼上，他们抛转了一块刻有达西姓氏和杰夫姓氏的黄铜纪念章。达西是一名护士兼助产士，她补充说：“和一个愿意从富有创造力、团队合作和公平的环境中开始婚姻的人在一起，感觉真的是迈向平等伙伴关系的良好开端。”最后，达西的名字胜出。沃德先生和太太对这个结果非常激动。“你可以说我赢了，”杰夫说。“我是那个获得新东西的人。”
这并不是他们抛弃过时婚俗的唯一方式。这两个人在Tinder上相识，并在各自的惊喜中向对方求婚:达西寻宝，她单膝跪地；而杰夫现场演唱了他们最喜欢的歌曲。
越来越多的夫妇在婚礼上打破传统。有的与配对的邦先生和邦太太一起庆祝他们的结合，有的甚至放弃他们的新配偶，享受“分度蜜月”。
课后练习
（A）
In
1863
the
first
underground
passenger
railway
in
the
world
opened
in
London.
It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
1 (crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
2
work.
It
took
three
years
to
complete
and
was
built
using
an
interesting
method.
This
included
digging
up
the
road,
3 (lay)
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
4
top.
When
all
those
had
been
done,
the
road
surface
was
replaced.?
Steam
engines
5 (use)
to
pull
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been
6 (fair)
unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
However,
the
railway
quickly
proved
to
be
a
great
success
and
within
six
months,
more
than
25,000
people
were
using
7
every
day.?
Later,
engineers
8 (manage)
to
construct
railways
in
a
system
of
deep
tunnels(隧道),
which
became
known
as
the
Tube.
This
development
was
only
possible
with
the
9 (introduce)
of
electric-powered
engines
and
lifts.
The
Central
London
Railway
was
one
of
the
most
10 (success)of
these
new
lines,
and
was
opened
in
1900.
It
had
white-painted
tunnels
and
bright
red
carriages,
and
proved
extremely
popular
with
the
public.?
参考答案：1.crowds
2.from
3.laying
4.the
5.were
used
6.fairly
7.it
8.managed
9.introduction
10.successful
（B）
Traditional
Chinese
wedding
Traditional
Chinese
wedding
customs
have
been
around
for
thousands
of
years.
They
may
vary
from
place
to
place
and
time
to
time,
but
have
been
holding
an
important
position
in
the
lives
of
Chinese
people,
1
(cause)
a
far-reaching
impact
on
the
way
the
Chinese
lead
their
lives.
The
traditional
Chinese
marriage
usually
2
(involve)
some
necessary
procedures,
such
as
match-making,
engagement,
meeting
the
bride,
and
three
bows.
3
addition,
a
typical
Chinese
wedding
nowadays
goes
like
this:
when
a
new
couple
is
engaged,
4
follows
is
a
5
(choose)
of
the
date
of
their
marriage.?
Most
people
would
favor
a
bank
holiday
or
a
special
Chinese
festival
for
their
relatives
and
friends
6
(attend)
the
wedding.
However,
quite
a
few
others,
especially
7
in
the
countryside,
would
fix
a
lucky
date
so
that
their
marriage
would
have
“Double
Happiness”.
The
wedding
ceremony
is
usually
hosted
8
(warm)
and
the
wedding
ceremony
very
often
ends
with
9
unique
banquet.
Toasts
are
made
to
wish
the
new
couple
long
life,
everlasting
love
and
happiness,
early
birth
of
a
10
(health)
baby
and
so
on.?
参考答案：1.causing
2.involves
3.In
4.what
5.choice
6.to
attend
7.those
8.warmly
9.a
10.healthy2021高考英语人与社会类语法填空深度解读（三）
As
The
Post
exclusively
reported
in
September,
the
device
that
can
scan
a
human
hand
without
touching
as
a
way
to
ring
up
a
store
purchase.
The
device
is
being
developed
by
Amazon
engineers
(1)__________
the
code
name
“Orville”
for
a
display
at
the
Amazon-owned
Whole
Foods
supermarket
chain.
Employees
at
Amazon’s
New
York
offices
have
been
serving
as
guinea
pigs
(受验者)
for
the
biometric
technology,
(2)__________(use)
it
at
a
handful
of
selling
machines
to
buy
such
items
as
sodas,
chips,
and
phone
chargers.
Recode
first
(3)__________(report)
the
news
of
Amazon’s
Thursday
patent
filing
(专利申请),
which
says
the
device
will
identify
users
by
surface
(4)__________(characteristic)
of
the
palm
such
as
wrinkles,
as
well
as
deeper
features
like
veins.
Once
(5)__________(operate),
the
system
will
allow
customers
with
Amazon
Prime
accounts
to
scan
their
hands
at
the
store
and
link
them
to
their
credit
or
debit
card.
As
The
Post
(6)__________(previous)
reported,
the
technology
is
accurate
to
within
one
ten-thousandth
of
one
percent,
but
Amazon
engineers
have
been
struggling
to
improve
it
to
a
millionth
of
one
percent
ahead
of
its
launch.
This
is
not
the
first
time
Amazon
(7)__________(try)
to
make
the
experience
of
buying
things
as
simple
as
possible.
The
company’s
budding
chain
of
“Go”
convenience
stores
(8)__________
launched
last
year
let
customers
use
a
phone
app
(9)__________(check)
in
at
a
turnstile
(旋转门).
They
can
then
fill
their
bags
and
carry
them
out
without
ever
passing
a
register
thanks
to
computer
vision
and
an
array
of
sensors
(10)__________
over
the
store.
考点积累：
name相关用法积累
under
the
name
(of)
sth.
“以……为笔名
[例]
He
writes
under
the
name
of
Nimrod.
他用尼姆罗德这个名字写作。
by
the
name
of
...
名叫……的
[例]
She
is
a
British
athlete
by
the
name
of
Tanni
Grey
Thompson.
她是一名英国运动员，名叫坦妮·格雷·汤普森
in
the
name
of或in
sb’s/sth’s
name
以……的名义；代表
[例]
I’ve
booked
a
table
in
your
name.
我已经以你的名义预定了一张桌子。
make
a
name
for
(oneself)或make
one’s
name
成名，出名
[例]
She
first
made
her
name
as
a
writer
of
children’s
books.
她最初以写儿童读物成名。
name…after...
以……的名字命名
[例]
Jack
studied
in
a
village
school,
which
is
named
after
his
grandfather.
杰克在一所乡村学校读书，该校是以他爷爷的名字命名的。
character的用法及词形转换（派生词）
character
n.[C]
性格；特色；（好的）品性；人物（角色）；汉字
[例]
She
has
a
cheerful
but
quiet
character.
她的性格乐观文静。
[例]
The
city
invested
6
billion
yuan
to
preserve
the
character
of
the
old
town.
该城市投资60亿元用于保护古城的特色。
[例]
Sports
can
be
good
for
character
building.
体育运动有益于培养良好的品格。
[例]
A
leading
character
in
a
film
电影里的主角；Chinese
characters
汉字
[派]
characterize
vt.
以……为特色
[例]
An
elephant
is
characterized
by
a
long
trunk.
大象的特征是鼻子长。
[派]
characteristic
adj
特有的；典型的
n.
特征，特色，特点（常用复数）
[例]
Sunny,
hot
days
are
the
characteristics
weather
of
the
summer
months.
晴朗，炎热是夏季的典型天气。
[例]
What
characteristics
of
Chinese
classical
music
do
you
try
to
show
in
your
playing?
您在演奏中想展示中国古典音乐的什么特色？
答案解析
【主题语境】
人与社会：科学与技术——科技发展与信息技术，科学精神
【解析】
①
under，考查介词。under
the
name
(of)
sth.
的意思为“以……为笔名”，因此使用介词under。
②
using，考查非谓语动词。此处的use与employees是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用using作伴随状语。
③
reported，考查时态。句子描述的是过去的事件，且reported与主语Recode构成被动的关系，因此使用一般过去时。
④
characteristics，考查可数名词复数。此处表示“特征”，因此要把character转换为characteristics，表示“特征”。
⑤
operated，考查状语从句中主语和系词的省略。此处完整句式为Once
the
system
is
operated,
如果前后主语一致，谓语动词为be动词，就会省略主语和be动词，因此为operated。
⑥
previously，考查词性转换。此处表示“先前地，之前地”，因此要把previous转换为副词previously，修饰动词reported。
⑦
has
tried，考查动词时态。此处This
is
the
first
time
sb
have/has
done
表示“这是某人第一次做某事”，因此要用
has
tried。
⑧
that/which，考查定语从句引导词。这里是一个定语从句，先行词是the
company’s
budding
chain，且从句缺少主语，因此要用that/which来引导。
⑨
to
check，考查不定式。此处用不定式作状语表示目的，“为了让顾客可以办理登记手续。”
⑩
all，考查代词。此处all
over
the
store表示遍布商店。
【译文】
据《华盛顿邮报》9月份的独家报道，这款可以扫描人类手掌而无需触摸的设备，作为一种结账的方式的设备由亚马逊工程师开发，代号为“奥维尔”，未来将在亚马逊旗下的全食超市连锁推出。
知情人士透露，亚马逊纽约办公室的员工一直在充当这种生物识别技术的试验品，他们在几台自动售货机上使用这种技术购买汽水、薯片和手机充电器等产品。Recode首先报道了亚马逊周四申请专利的消息，称这款设备将通过手掌的表面特征(如皱纹)以及更深的特征(如静脉)来识别用户。
一旦运行，该系统将允许拥有亚马逊Prime账户的顾客在商店扫描自己的手，并将其与自己的信用卡或借记卡连接起来。正如《华盛顿邮报》之前报道的那样，这项技术的精确度仅为万分之一的1%，但亚马逊的工程师们一直在努力将其提高到1%的百万分之一。
这并不是亚马逊第一次尝试让购物体验变得尽可能简单。该公司去年推出的“Go”便利连锁店让顾客可以使用手机应用程序在旋转门处办理登机手续。多亏了计算机视觉和遍布商店的传感器阵列，他们可以在不通过收银台的情况下装满他们的包并把它们带出去。
课后练习
（A）
In
the
past
few
years,
more
than
half
of
the
bookstores
in
China
have
closed
down,
1
is
the
result
of
the
2 (compete)
from
online
bookstores.
But
the
success
of
Sisyphe
Bookstore,
one
of
the
3 (big)
privately-owned
bookstore
chains
in
China,
may
serve
4
a
great
example.?
5 (found)
in
1993,
Sisyphe
started
to
transform
and
upgrade
its
business
in
2009
to
seek
its
profitability.
Now,
it
not
only
devotes
itself
to
6 (sell)books,
but
combines
the
functions
of
bookstores,
cafes
and
the
sale
of
7 (create)cultural
products.
Sisyphe
opens
its
bookstores
in
shopping
malls
in
order
to
take
advantage
of
the
large
number
of
consumers
of
shopping
malls
to
sell
its
books,
and
it
also
8 (able)
people
to
enjoy
spending
time
reading
and
drinking
coffee.
In
return,
bookstores
have
improved
the
cultural
atmosphere
of
shopping
malls,
so
9
is
mutually
beneficial
to
have
such
cooperation.?
So
far,
the
government
10 (offer)tax
reduction
for
bookstores
to
encourage
the
development
of
physical
bookstores.
Perhaps
it
is
early
to
say
the
boom
of
physical
bookstores
has
come,
but
definitely,
we
see
the
turning
point
to
them.?
参考答案：1.which
2.competition
3.biggest
4.as
5.Founded
6.selling
7.creative
8.enables
9.it
10.has
offered
（B）
Traditional
Chinese
Medicine
(TCM)
wasn’t
fully
accepted
outside
of
China
for
centuries.
There
was
once
a
Chinese
man
in
the
US
who
1
(accuse)
after
he
used
a
certain
form
of
TCM
treatment
2
(cure)his
grandson’s
disease.?
In
the
last
10
years
or
so,
however,
TCM
3 (get)
more
popular
all
over
the
world.
A
report
4
(publish)
on
Dec.
6
says
this
style
of
health
care,
which
includes
different
forms
5
herbal
medicine
and
exercise,
has
spread
to
183
countries
and
regions.
For
instance,
in
Lima,
the
capital
of
Peru,
there
are
more
than
50
Chinese
medicine
clinics,
about
70
percent
of
6
were
set
up
by
local
doctors.
TCM
has
become
popular
with
the
people
of
Peru.?
7
TCM
has
been
widely
accepted,
it
still
faces
challenges.
For
example,
there
is
trouble
in
being
able
to
prove
8
(exact)
what
certain
drugs
are
made
up
of,
as
well
as
being
able
to
keep
the
effects
the
same
every
time.?
Some
researchers
have
suggested
TCM
should
be
more
exact
and
come
together
with
Western
Medicine.
“
9
(bring)
together
Western
Medicine
and
TCM,
rather
than
being
in
10
(compete),
is
where
the
potential
for
great
effects
lies.”?
参考答案：1.was
accused
2.to
cure
3.has
got/gotten
4.published
5.like
6.which
7.Although/Though/While
8.exactly
9.Bringing
10.competition2021届高考英语人与社会类语法填空深度解读（五）
汉字的博大精深
One
of
the
oldest
written
languages
in
the
world
is
the
Chinese
one.
It
is
based
on
hieroglyphs
(象形文字),
each
of
(1)__________
has
a
certain
meaning.
According
to
scientists,
the
Chinese
writing
language
(2)__________(form)
4,000-5,000
years
ago.
In
ancient
times,
the
Chinese
used
tortoise
shells
and
animal
bones
for
writing.
Among
other
well-known
material
media
of
the
ancient
Chinese
writing
(3)__________(be)
bamboo
and
wooden
plates.
Later,
when
the
Chinese
invented
paper,
they
wrote
(4)__________
paper
scrolls
(卷轴),
and
sometimes
on
silk
materials.
The
Chinese
writing
language
includes
over
60,000
hieroglyphs.
Chinese
is
the
first
among
the
(5)__________(language)
difficult
to
study.
Today,
China
has
two
systems
of
writing
language:
(6)__________
old
and
modern
ones—Wenyan
and
Baihua.
The
latter
is
(7)__________(great)
enriched
with
new
characters
for
words
such
as
computer
and
mobile
phone
(8)__________
(introduce)
into
daily
life.
One
of
the
main
parts
of
Chinese
writing
is
calligraphy—the
art
of
writing
of
words.
Calligraphy
is
a
labor-consuming
process
that
requires
a
lot
of
(9)__________(patient).
Calligraphy
is
not
just
writing;
it
is
a
unique
pattern
that
requires
harmony
of
movement
and
spirit.
It
has
its
own
rules
and
laws.
Easy
it
may
seem,
but
(10)__________(become)
a
true
master
of
calligraphy
requires
hard
working
for
many
years.
考点积累
介词
+
关系词引导的定语从句
介词
+
关系词引导的定语从句是一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。
基本构成：介词
+
which（指物）/
whom（指人）
[例]
The
man
to
whom
you
spoke
is
a
teacher.
和你说话的那个人是个老师。
[例]
The
city
in
which
she
lives
is
very
crowded.
她生活的城市非常拥挤。
注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。
在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that
/
which（指物）；that
/
who
/
whom（指人）作介词的宾语。且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。
[例]
The
man
(who
/
whom
/
that)
you
spoke
to
is
a
teacher.
和你说话的那个人是个老师。
[例]
The
city
(which
/
that)
she
lives
in
is
very
crowded.
她生活的城市非常拥挤。
注意：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面。但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：look
for，look
after，pay
attention
to，take
care
of，look
forward
to，listen
to等：
[例]This
is
the
pen
that
/
which
you
are
looking
for.
这是你正在寻找的钢笔。
关系副词when，where，why可用“介词
+
which”来代替，如when
=
in
/
at
/
during
+
which；where
=
in
/
at
/
on
/
under
+
which;
why
=
for
+
which。
[例]
This
is
the
house
in
which
I
lived
last
year.
这是我去年住的房子。
[例]
I
still
remember
the
day
on
which
I
came
here.
我仍然记得我来这的那天。
[例]
There
are
many
reasons
for
which
people
like
travelling.
人们喜欢旅游有很多原因。
关系代词前介词选择的原则：
根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择：
[例]
I
will
never
forget
the
day
on
which
I
came
to
this
school.
我永远也不会忘记我来这所学校的那天。
根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择：
[例]
This
is
the
iPad
on
which
I
spent
3,000
yuan.
这是我花了3000元买的iPad。
根据定语从句的意义来选择：
[例]
This
is
my
pair
of
glasses,
without
which
I
cannot
see
clearly.
这是我的眼镜，没有它我看不清楚。
答案解析
【主题语境】
人与社会：社会、历史与文化——物质和非物质文化遗产
【解析】
①
which，考查定语从句引导词。此处先行词是hieroglyphs，为物，因此要用which。
②
was
formed，考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可以判断出时态为过去时，为单数概念且动词与主语构成动宾关系，故用was
formed。
③
were，考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这是一个倒装句，主语bamboo
and
wooden
plates是复数概念，因此用were。
④
on，考查介词。写在纸的卷轴上，因此用on。
⑤
languages，考查名词复数。among表示范围，故用复数形态。
⑥
the，考查冠词。文言和白话是汉字的两种形式，为特指。故用定冠词。
⑦
greatly，考查副词。此处用副词来修饰动词的被动语态。
⑧
introduced，考查非谓语动词。电脑和手机等新词是被引入到日常生活中使用的，故用introduced来表示被动及完成。
⑨
patience，考查词性转换。此处需要名词作require的宾语，故用patience。
⑩
becoming，考查非谓语动词。此处为动名词短语作主语，表示成为一位真正的书法大师这件事情，故用becoming。
【译文】
汉语是世界上最古老的书面语言之一。它是象形文字，每一笔都有其特定的含义。据科学家称，汉语大约形成于4000到5000年前。
在古代，中国人在龟壳和兽骨上写字。其他众所周知的载体包括竹简和木简。后来，中国人发明了纸张，他们就在纸质的卷轴上写字，有时候也会在丝绸上写字。
汉字有超过六万个字，是世界上最难学的语言。如今，汉语分化为两套体系，文言和白话。一个古代，一个现代。后者因为引入日常生活中诸如电脑和手机等新词而极大地丰富了语言。
汉语一个重要的部分就是书法，即书写的艺术。书法是个耗体力的过程，需要极大耐心。书法不仅仅是写字，它是独特的，有着自己独立的准则，追求神与形的统一。它看似简单，但要成为一个真正的书法大师需要多年的辛苦努力。
课后练习
（A）
A
bobcat
amazingly
survived
a
50-mile
journey
while
it
was
stuck
in
the
grill(保护汽车散热器的金属格栅)of
a
Virginia
woman’s
car.
The
driver
was
heading 1 (work)at
around
7a.m.
when
she 2 (hear)a
strange
sound—but
she
didn’t
stop.
An
hour 3 (late),
she
pulled
into
Virginia
University
and
spotted
the 4 (frighten)cat
in
the
grill,
according
to
the
local
station.?
Peter,
a
worker
from
Richmond
Animal
Care,
rushed
to 5 scene
and
was
astonished
to
find
the
animal
in
good
shape.“The
cat
was 6 (complete)fine.
It’s
unbelievable,”he
told
the
station.“The
only
thing
holding
it
up
was
a
wire
around
its
stomach
and
one
plastic
piece
under
its
chest.”?
The
cat“hissed”(发嘶嘶声)at
Peter,
so
he
calmed
it
and
removed
it 7 the
car.
Then
he
and
other 8 (colleague)transported
it
to
the
animal
center, 9 it
was
examined
for
injury.“The
lucky
cat
suffered
only
one
minor
cut
on 10 (it)back
and
it
was
just
wonderful
to
know
the
cat
made
it
through
such
a
crazy
situation,”Peter
said.?
参考答案1.to
work
2.heard
3.later
4.frightened
5.the
6.completely
7.from
8.colleagues
9.where
10.its
（B）
Around
three
in
five
people
in
the
UK
will
find 1 necessary
to
care
for
an
elderly
or
a
disabled
loved
one
at
some
point.
This
can
be
made
much 2 (easy)by
bearing
in
mind
a
few
simple
principles
and
pieces
of
advice.?
3 (care)for
an
elderly
loved
one,
most
likely
a
parent,is
never
easy.
It
can
cause
great
pain
emotionally
and 4 (physical)and
the
financial
challenges
can
sometimes
seem
difficult
to
deal
with,too.?
Often
one
of
the
hardest
things
is
striking
a
balance
between
your
parent’s
desire 5 (feel)independent
and
the
need
to
ensure
that
they
are
safe
and
their
health
needs
are
being
attended
to.
Sometimes
this
can
create
tensions
and 6 (argue),only
adding
to
the
stress
of
an
already
difficult
situation.
It
is
important
here
to
make
them
feel
that
they
are
being
listened
to
and 7 you
only
have
their
best
interests
at
heart.?
The
same
applies 8 financial
issues.
In
order
to
cover
the
costs
of
their
parents’
care—including
bills
and
medicine—many
people
will
investigate
options
such
as
selling
the
family
home.
The
most
important
thing
here
is
communication—it
is
vital
to
make
sure
that
everyone
involved,including
other
brothers
and
sisters, 9 (be)aware
of
what’s
being
proposed
and
cooperates
to
find
a
solution 10 satisfies
everybody.?
参考答案1.it
2.easier
3.Caring
4.physically
5.to
feel
6.arguments
7.that
8.to
9.is
10.that/which2021届高考人与社会类语法填空
物质和非物质文化遗产
China
is
a
country
with
a
rich
history
and
ancient
culture.
However,
this
country
is
famous
not
only
for
its
technology,
but
also
for
its
medicine.
Traditional
Chinese
medicine
is
rather
a
system
of
different
philosophies
about
human
energy.
In
addition
to
the
medicine
(1)__________(it),
it
includes
a
variety
of
practices
and
philosophies.
One
of
them
is
the
principle
of
the
CHI.
The
Chinese
believe
that
half
of
Chi
depends
on
genetics
and
the
other
half
depends
on
the
chosen
human
path,
i.e.
on
the
way
of
thinking
and
acting.
If
there
is
a
failure—a
(2)__________(wrong)
chosen
path,
then
it
can
lead
to
disease.
Chinese
medicine
(3)__________(aim)
to
restore
Chi
energy
through
a
variety
of
structured
techniques.
Up
to
date
(4)__________
usual
practice
is
to
use
such
methods
as
acupuncture
(针灸),
herbal
therapy
(治疗),
massage
(推拿)
therapy
and,
of
course,
yoga.
The
latter
is
one
of
the
most
common
(5)__________(way)
for
women
all
over
the
world
(6)__________(keep)
fit.
Another
teaching
that
can
be
called
a
cornerstone
of
Chinese
philosophy
is
the
principle
of
Yin
and
Yang,
(7)__________
means
unity.
The
Chinese
believe
that
food
should
(8)__________
(consume)
according
to
the
level
of
Yin
and
Yang
(9)__________(contain)
in
it.
Many
types
of
diets
have
come
from
China.
Based
on
the
balance
of
products,
they
contain
the
Yin
and
Yang,
(10)
__________
they
are
well
received.
考点积累
副词在语法填空中的位置判定
副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，在句子中位置灵活。语法填空中涉及到的一般副词的位置情况大体如下：
主谓之间（动词前，一般表示对动作的强调）：
[例]
He
really
does
show
his
love
to
everyone
he
meets.
他确实向每一个他遇到的人都展示了他的爱。
[例]
I
recently
ordered
some
seeds
for
the
garden.
我最近订购了些种子，准备种在花园里。
动宾之间（动词后）：
[例]
The
teacher
announced
slowly
the
answers
the
students
asked
for.
老师慢慢地公布了学生们要的答案。
系表之间（动词后）：
[例]
Senior
three
students
are
greatly
faced
with
lots
of
pressure.
高三的学生面临很大的压力。
[例]
It
is
unbelievable
to
be
in
the
same
picture
with
my
wife
when
we
are
basically
the
babies.
当我和我妻子还是婴儿的时候就在同一张照片中，这真是令人难以置信。
句首（修饰整个句子）：
[例]
Fortunately,
I
was
selected
as
one
of
the
student
representatives.
幸运的是，我被选为学生代表之一。
句末（动词后）：
[例]
Travel
can
enrich
your
life
greatly.
旅行可以极大地丰富你的生活。
形容词或副词前：
[例]
The
weather
is
fairly
good.
天气相当的不错。
[例]
He
sings
fairly
well.
他歌唱得相当好。
答案解析
【主题语境】
人与社会：历史、社会与文化——物质和非物质文化遗产
【解析】
①
itself，考查代词。此处表示中医除了药本身，还包括一系列的作法和理论，因此要用反身代词itself。
②
wrongly，考查副词。chosen是过去分词转化为形容词，表示“选定的”，故应该用副词来修饰。
③
aims，考查主谓一致。中药作为一个专有名词，是单数概念，因此用aims。
④
a，考查冠词。根据文意，此处指的是一种惯常的作法，因此用a。
⑤
ways，考查名词。根据上下文，在one
of结构后，应用名词的复数形式，故用ways。
⑥
to
keep，考查动词不定式。本句可以看成是It
is
+
adj.
+
for
sb.
to
do
sth.句型的变体，不定式为真正的主语。
⑦
which，考查定语从句引导词。观察句子，可以看出先行词是物，从句缺主语且引导非限制性定语从句，所以用which。
⑧
be
consumed，考查动词的语态。consume与food为动宾关系，因此food作主语时应该用被动语态。
⑨
contained，考查非谓语。此处动词过去分词作后置定语，相当于省略which
is的定语从句，表示食物中含有的阴和阳的水平，故用contained。
⑩
and，考查连词。分析句子可以看出此处and连接前后两个并列的句子。
【译文】
中国是一个有着丰富的历史和源远流长的文化的国家。不过，中国不仅科技闻名于世，它的中医药也同样有名。
传统中医药更像是一个关于人体能量的不同理论的体系。除了中药本身，还包括各种实践和理论。其中一种理论就是气的学说。中国人认为气一半由先天决定，另外一半则由后天选择的方式，即思考和行为的模式决定。如果气运行不畅，即以一种错误的方式来思考或行动，人就有可能会生病。
中医药旨在通过一系列自成体系的技艺来恢复气。时至今日，通常的做法是使用针灸、草药疗法、推拿，还有瑜伽。瑜伽还是全世界女性用来保持身材的最普遍的方式之一。
另外一个可以被称为中国思想体系的基石的学说是阴阳学说，即统一。中国人认为，饮食也要考虑到食物的阴阳调和。许多来自中国的饮食，因为考虑到阴阳的平衡，非常受欢迎。
课后练习
A
People
use
the
word
“friend
”
in
a
1
(various)
of
ways.
A
friend
can
mean
anything
from
an
acquaintance(泛泛之交)
to
someone
you’ve
known.
Whoever
they
are,
friends
are
an
important
part
of
life
at
every
stage.
?
For
some
people,
making
friends
is
easy.
For
others,
it
can
be
2 struggle.
It’s
easy
for
people
who
know
how
to
connect
with
others.
But
you
don’t
need
to
be
clever
or
3
(charm)
to
make
friends.
People
who
make
friends
easily
know
how
to
be 4 (them).
There’s
an
old
saying,
“A
friend
is
someone
who
knows
you
well—and
5 (like)
you
anyway.”?
There
are
three
simple
things
you
can
do
to
make
friends.
First,
you
have
to
like
yourself.
Make
a
list
of
your 6 (strong),
talents
and
achievements.
That
way,
when
you
meet
people,
you’ll
know 7 you
have
to
share.
Next,
learn
how
to
listen.
To
succeed
in
friendships,
you
need
to
show
an
interest
8 others.
Ask
questions
about
other
people.
Finally,
it’s
a
good
idea
9
(join)a
club
or
take
a
class.
That
way,
you
can
meet
people
who
have
similar
interests.
Good
friends
10 (usual)
like
the
same
things.?
参考答案：1.variety
2.a 3.charming 4.themselves 5.likes 6.strengths 7.what 8.in 9.to
join 10.usually
B
The
New
Year
is
a
family
reunion
to
Chinese.
However,
in
foreigners’
eyes,
it
is
not
only
a
kind
of
homesickness,
but
a
spring
migration(迁徙).
Every
year 1 (see)
the
largest
annual
mass
migration
on
the
planet 2
one
sixth
of
the
world’s
population
travel
home
to
celebrate
3
their
family.
That
is
around
a
billion
people 4
(make)
3.5
billion
journeys
in
a
40-day
period.
Meanwhile,
over
250
million
rail
journeys
are
made
across
China
during
the
festival.
Last
year,
5.6
million
rail
tickets
5
(sell)
in
a
single
day.
Every
new
year
in
the
heartland
of
industrial
China
thousands
upon
thousands
of
motorcyclists
brave
the
weather
and
hit
the
road,
determined
to
make
6
home.?
The
Chinese
New
Year 7
(celebrate)
is
also
known
as
the
Spring
Festival.
It
lasts
15
days.
It
is
the
main
holiday
of
the
Chinese
calendar.
In
modern
China,
8
(search)
for
work,
many
people
have
to
move
away
from
home.
And
they
will
travel
home
to
be
with
the
loved
ones
during
the
Spring
Festival.
In
the
Chinese
New
Year,
modern
and
9
(tradition)
customs
are
brought
together
when
the
Chinese
celebrate
the
Spring
Festival.
Nowadays,
not
only
does
China
have
the
10
(fast)
growing
modern
cities
in
the
world,
but
the
landscapes
are
also
truly
diverse.?
参考答案：1.sees 2.when/as
3.with
4.making
5.were
sold 6.it 7.celebration8.to
search 9.traditional 10.fastest
