备战2021高考英语语法填空技能精选精练(四)
名词、形容词、副词比较级
小题夯基练
单句语法填空
1．[2020·浙江卷1月]For
Japan,
the
________
(number)
are
more
striking—22
in
1950,
46
today
and
53
in
2050.
2．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]
One
day
the
emperor
wanted
to
get
his
portrait
(画像)
done
so
he
called
all
great
artists
to
come
and
present
their
________(fine)
work,
so
that
he
could
choose
the
best.
3．[2020·浙江卷1月]The
first
is
declining
birth
rates,
which
means
old
generations
are
large
compared
to
younger
generations,
and
so,
on
average,
the
population
becomes
________
(old)
than
before.
This
is
________
(particular)
true
in
the
US.
4．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]He
screams
the
________
(loud)
of
all.
The
noise
shakes
the
trees
as
the
male
beats
his
chest
and
charges
toward
me.
5．[2020·安徽省高三联考]Private
businesses
account
for
more
than
90
percent
of
local
businesses,
with
more
than
100
________
(company)
listed
at
home
and
abroad.
6．[2020·福州市第三次质量检测]People
are
bringing
home
all
kinds
of
living
creatures
for
companionship
during
an
unprecedented
(空前的)
time
of
social
isolation
(隔离),
and
they're
sharing
________
(photo)
or
social
media
to
provide
a
break
from
darker
news.
7．[2020·青岛市高三统一质量检测]If
you
work
in
a
high?rise
office
building,
take
the
stairs
instead
of
an
elevator.
Take
more
________
(break)
during
the
work
day
and
move
around.
8．[2020·洛阳市高三5月第三次统考]On
Tuesdays
and
Thursdays
she
helped
out
as
a
volunteer
to
give
aid
to
people
without
________
(home)．
9．[2020·濮阳市高三毕业班第二次模拟]Though
Thunberg
does
not
have
a
magical
cure
for
climate
change,
she
believes
that
climate
change
can
be
affected
at
a
grassroots
level
by
educating
friends
and
electing
________
(politician)
that
support
the
cause.
10．[2020·厦门市第二次质量检查]Although
the
knowledge
and
education
of
TCM
are
declining,
Chinese
medicines
are
still
around,
and
some
remain
the
top
few
________
(choice)
of
people
till
today.
11．[2020·河北省张家口市高三5月模拟]My
parents
were
both
born
in
Sichuan.
In
1963,
a
time
when
________
(graduate)
were
assigned
(分配)
jobs
by
the
government,
my
father
received
a
job
in
Beijing.
12．[2020·江西省八所重点高中高三5月联考]It
added
the
new
safety
technologies
could
save
up
to
10,500
lives
and
avoid
up
to
60,
000
serious
________
(injury)
by
the
year
2030.
13．[2020·赣州市高三年级适应性考试]Single?use
plastics
are
one
of
the
world's
________
(big)
sources
of
plastic
pollution.
14．Those
grandparents
who
did
not
play
the
role
of
attending
to
grandchildren
were
________
(much)
likely
to
have
died
within
just
five
years
of
the
testing
period
than
those
who
did.
15．[2020·6月份温州市适应性测试]Give
yourself
a
strict
time
limit
for
daily
play.
Don't
give
it
up
if
you
end
up
playing
________
(long)
than
you
meant
to—it's
totally
normal!
16．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]________(certain)
during
the
holiday
period,
this
plant
is
a
must.
大题提能练
Test
1
[2020·安徽省部分重点中学高三联考]
Experiences
are
acquired
through
our
journey
in
life;
we
choose
and
create
our
beliefs,
fears
and
opinions
1.________
(base)
on
all
our
experiences
in
life.
Even
though
things
and
life
are
the
way
they
are,
we
all
have
different
opinions
about
everything
and
everybody.
Other
people
have
opinions
about
us
too.
But
2.________really
matters
is
the
opinion
we
have
about
3.________
(we).
You
either
choose
to
accept
and
follow
what
other
people
believe
4.________
decide
to
be
yourself
and
live
according
to
the
reality
of
life.
5.________
living
life
as
it
is
and
being
yourself,
you
create
an
image
about
yourself.
It
is
extremely
important
6.________
(understand)
how
this
image,
created
by
your
beliefs
and
imagination,
directs
and
influences
your
7.________
(grow).
This
image
that
you
create
about
yourself
8.________
(determine)
who
you
are
and
how
you
feel;
it
determines
how
successful
you
become
in
life.
Everything
starts
in
the
mind.
If
you
really
want
to
accomplish
your
dreams,
picture
yourself
having
and
living
the
life
you
want.
Believe
in
yourself
and
be
9.________
(confidence)!
It
doesn't
matter
how
bad
or
difficult
the
10.________
(circumstance)
may
look
like.
In
short,
you
are
as
happy
or
sad
as
you
see
yourself.
Test
2
[2020·广州市高三年级阶段训练]
The
novel
coronavirus
pneumonia,
now
officially
called
COVID?19,
is
a
new
1.________
(ill)
caused
by
the
virus
2019?nCov
and
scientists
are
still
studying
the
best
ways
to
control
it.
Defeating
COVID?19,
2.________
,
is
not
only
the
job
of
scientists
and
doctors.
People
have
an
important
role
to
play
in
the
battle.
The
best
way
to
help
prevent
the
virus
from
3.________
(spread)
is
by
protecting
yourself
and
staying
healthy.
Scientists
are
now
sure
that
the
virus
is
passed
between
people
through
coughing
and
sneezing.
The
virus
travels
through
the
air
and
can
be
breathed
in
by
people
nearby.
It
may
also
land
4.________
surfaces
such
as
tables
and
chairs.
If
these
surfaces
5.________
(touch),
the
virus
may
be
on
your
hands.
Touching
your
eyes
or
mouth
with
6.________
(wash)
hands
can
let
the
virus
enter
your
body.
7.________(protect)
yourself
and
others,
wear
a
mask
at
all
times
when
you
are
out.
This
stops
healthy
people
from
breathing
in
the
virus
and
8.________(reduce)
the
amount
of
the
virus
that
sick
people
send
into
the
air.
Most
importantly,
wash
your
hands
carefully
and
frequently,
especially
9.________
you
are
outside.
COVID?19
is
undoubtedly
a
serious
social
challenge,
but
if
we
all
behave
10.________
(responsible),
it
is
one
that
we
can
overcome.
(四) 名词、形容词、副词比较级
小题夯基练
1．答案与解析：numbers 考查名词的数。根据下文的are可知这里需要填写number的复数形式。
2．答案与解析：finest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知，皇帝命令所有知名画家献上他们最好的作品。
3．答案与解析：older 考查形容词比较级。结合句意及下文的“than
before”可知，
这里意为“比以前更加年老”，
故填older。
particularly 考查副词。
根据句子结构可知，
此处修饰形容词true,
故填副词形式。
4．答案与解析：loudest 考查副词的最高级。根据语境和空后的“of
all”可知，空处应填副词的最高级。
5．答案与解析：companies 考查名词的数。句意：民营企业占当地企业的90%以上，有100多家公司在国内外上市。根据空前的数字100可知，空处填company的复数形式，故填companies。
6．答案与解析：photos 考查名词的数。photo为可数名词，前面没有冠词，故应用复数形式。
7．答案与解析：breaks 考查名词的数。前面定语为more，意为更多的，后接名词复数。
8．答案与解析：homes 考查名词的数。分析句子可知，此处表示“没有住宅的人们”，home意为“住宅”时是可数名词，根据前面的people可知，这里指不止一个住宅，且home前面没有修饰词，所以应用其复数形式。
9．答案与解析：politicians 考查名词的数。结合上下文可知，此处意为“选举政治家”，故应用名词作elect的宾语，且该名词作为定语从句的先行词，又由定语从句的谓语动词support判断主语that指代复数名词，故politician是复数，故填politicians。
10．答案与解析：choices 考查名词的数。句意：尽管人们对中医的了解和学习中医的人在减少，但中药仍在流行，直到今天，有些中药仍是人们的首选。few修饰可数名词的复数形式，choice的复数是choices。
11．答案与解析：graduates 考查名词的数。句意：1963年，那个时候大学毕业生是由政府包分配的，我父亲在北京得到了一份工作。根据谓语“were
assigned”可知，主语为复数，此处用名词复数表示“泛指”。
12．答案与解析：injuries 考查名词的数。句意：他补充说，新的安全技术可以在2030年前拯救多达10500人的生命，避免多达6万人的重伤。分析句子可知，空中的词有6000修饰，应用复数形式，injury是可数名词，应把y变i加es，故填injuries。
13．答案与解析：biggest 考查形容词的最高级。句意：一次性塑料是世界上最大的塑料污染源之一。结合句意表示“世界上最大的”，应用形容词最高级。
14．答案与解析：more 考查形容词的比较级。结合句意及下文的“those
who
did”可知空格处填比较级。句意：那些不承担照顾孙子、孙女职责的祖父母比那些承担照顾孙子、孙女职责的祖父母更有可能在测试期间的五年内去世。
15．答案与解析：longer 考查副词的比较级。句意：如果你玩的时间比预期的更长，不要放弃——这很正常！根据后文“than
you
meant
to”可知此处表示“更长”应用比较级longer。
16．答案与解析：Certainly 考查副词。修饰整个句子，且位于句首，所以填Certainly。
Test
1
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——个人成长——个人形象的形成及重要性
[文章大意] 本文介绍了我们的经历、信仰和个人形象之间的关系以及个人形象的重要性。我们的经历决定了我们的个人观点，我们的个人观点又创造出我们的个人形象。人生中最重要的就是我们对自己的看法与态度。
1．答案与解析：based 考查形容词或非谓语动词。be
based
on是固定用法，意为“以……为依据”，故此处可为形容词短语作后置定语；另外，base
sth.
on
sth.“以……为依据”也为固定用法，此处“our
beliefs，fears
and
opinions”与base为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式based。
2．答案与解析：what 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故填what。注意：that引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当成分。
3．答案与解析：ourselves 考查代词。此处表示“我们对自己的看法”，故填反身代词ourselves。
4．答案与解析：or 考查固定搭配。either...or...是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，符合语境。
5．答案与解析：By 考查介词。此处表示通过过真实的生活，做你自己，你创造了一个关于你自己的形象。故用介词by，意为“通过”。
6．答案与解析：to
understand 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查不定式作真正主语，it作形式主语的用法，故填to
understand。
7．答案与解析：growth 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空前的形容词性物主代词your的后面应跟名词，故填growth。
8．答案与解析：determines 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应与上下文用的一般现在时保持一致，且句子的主语是第三人称单数，故应填determines。
9．答案与解析：confident 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空前的系动词be后应跟形容词作表语，故应填confident。
10．答案与解析：circumstances 考查名词的单复数。根据语境可知，此处表示各种情况，故用circumstances。
Test
2
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会热点问题——新型冠状病毒的传播途径及预防方法
[文章大意] 新型冠状病毒肺炎是由新型冠状病毒引起的一种新型疾病，科学家们仍在研究控制这种疾病的方法。该病毒在人与人之间传播并可能附着在物体表面；为了保护自己和他人，我们应该勤洗手、戴口罩，人人参与，共战疫情。
1．答案与解析：illness 考查词形转换。根据空前的冠词“a”以及形容词“new”可知，此处要用名词形式，故填illness。
2．答案与解析：however 考查副词。根据下文中的“People
have
an
important
role
to
play
in
the
battle.”可知，战胜COVID?19不仅仅是科学家与医生的工作，人们也要在这场战疫中发挥重要作用，故此处要填表示转折的副词，故填however。
3．答案与解析：spreading 考查非谓语动词。prevent
sth.
from
doing
sth.意为“阻止某物做某事”，为固定用法，故填spreading。
4．答案与解析：on 考查介词。根据空后的“surfaces”和语境可知，此处应用介词on，表示病毒也可能会落在诸如桌子和椅子之类的表面上。
5．答案与解析：are
touched 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处的“surfaces”与动词touch之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态，且这里讲的是客观存在的情况，又主语为复数，故要用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are
touched。
6．答案与解析：unwashed 考查词形转换。只有接触过病毒的手未被清洗的时候，上面的病毒才有可能被传播到其他地方，故填unwashed“未洗涤的”。
7．答案与解析：To
protect 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式短语“To
protect
yourself
and
others”作目的状语。
8．答案与解析：reduces 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处与本句前半部分中的“stops”为并列关系，都作句子的谓语，故填reduces。
9．答案与解析：when/while/if 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导时间状语从句或条件状语从句，表示当你在外面的时候或如果你在外面，故填when/while/if。
10．答案与解析：responsibly 考查词形转换。修饰动词“behave”要用副词，故填responsibly。备战2021高考英语语法填空技能精选精练(六)
并列连词和三大从句
小题夯基练
单句语法填空
1．[2020·新高考山东卷]
They
kept
their
collection
at
home
until
it
got
too
big
________
until
they
died,
and
then
it
was
given
to
a
museum.
2．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ改编]Actually,
I
started
to
learn
kung
fu
when
I
was
seven
years
old,
________
I
have
long
been
out
of
practice.
3．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]I
work
not
because
I
have
to,
________
because
I
want
to.
4．[2020·天津卷7月]Dr.
Rowan,
________
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago,
has
had
to
do
all
his
own
typing.
5．[2019·北京卷]The
students
benefitting
most
from
college
are
those
________
are
totally
engaged
(参与)
in
academic
life,
taking
full
advantage
of
the
college's
chances
and
resources
(资源)．
6．[2020·天津卷5月]Mr.
Smith
owned
this
oil
painting
until
the
early
1990s,
________
he
gave
it
to
his
grandson.
7．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Because
the
moon's
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
________
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
8．[2020·北京卷]
Some
university
students
carried
out
a
campaign
________
they
spent
their
whole
day
without
cell
phone.
9．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]The
polar
bear
is
found
in
the
Arctic
Circle
and
some
big
land
masses
as
far
south
as
Newfoundland.
While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°，
there
is
evidence
________
they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
10．[2020·浙江卷7月]Over
thousands
of
years,
they
began
to
depend
less
on
________
could
be
hunted
or
gathered
from
the
wild,
and
more
on
animals
they
had
raised
and
crops
they
had
sown.
11．[2020·天津卷]The
student
completed
this
experiment
to
make
come
true
________
Professor
Joseph
had
said.
12．[2020·河北衡水中学一调]The
song
“A
little
bit
longer”
by
Nick
Jonas
is________
an
emotional
and
inspiring
song
that
whenever
I
hear
it,
I
always
come
close
to
dropping
down
tears.
13．[2020·山东省济南市高三5月模拟]The
doctor
was
certain
I
would
test
positive
for
coronavirus,
but
gave
me
the
option
to
test
________
I
wanted
to
know
for
sure.
I
opted
to
be
tested.
14．[2020·河南省高三5月质量检测]And
________
we
do
now
is
to
deal
with
the
plastic
that
causes
great
damage
to
our
sea
life.
15．[2020·太原二模]I
had
hardly
sat
down
on
the
train
and
opened
a
bar
of
chocolate
________a
really
old
man
with
huge
bags
sat
down
across
from
me.
16．[2020·安徽省高三联考]They
serve
as
an
important
driving
force
for
local
economic
and
social
development,
while
acting
as
a
bridge
between
Quanzhou
________
the
wider
world.
大题提能练
Test
1
[2020·沈阳市教学质量监测(一)]
Eating
and
drinking
in
subway
cars
has
long
been
a
controversial
issue
in
China.
While
many
have
expressed
annoyance
1.________
the
sight
of
someone
eating
food
in
subway
cars,
quite
a
few
people
support
the
right
to
chew
2.________
(noisy)
on
snacks
during
the
trip
to
work
or
school.
The
debate
recently
arrived
at
3.________
(it)
final
destination
when
the
Ministry
of
Transport
introduced
a
new
regulation
last
week
that
bans
passengers
nationwide,
with
the
exception
of
4.________
(baby)
and
people
with
certain
medical
conditions,
from
eating
or
drinking
in
subway
cars.
The
policy
5.________
(schedule)
to
take
effect
on
April
1
along
with
some
new
rules
that
will
forbid
passengers
from
playing
music
or
videos
on
speakers,
or
6.________
(lie)
down
on
seats
in
subway
cars.
Zhang
Han,
7.________
18?year?old
girl,
recalled
that
a
female
passenger
was
seen
recently
on
the
subway
in
Nanjing
8.________
(fine)
for
eating
traditional
street
food.
“At
first,
I
felt
sorry
for
the
girl，”
she
said.
“Most
people
were
simply
9.________
(aware)
of
such
a
food
ban
before.”
Now
that
a
national
ban
is
in
the
pipeline
(在准备中),
she
said
she
supported
the
idea.
“The
subway
car
is
a
public
space.
No
food
should
be
allowed,
10.________or
not
it
gives
off
a
strong
smell.”
Test
2
[2020·武昌区高三调研考试]
The
victims
were
carried
in
one
by
one,
their
paws
burned
and
fur
singed
(烤焦),
suffering
from
dehydration
(脱水)
and
fear.
Their
caretakers
bandaged
their
wounds
and
laid
them
in
baskets
with
the
only
thing
that
they
were
familiar
with—the
1.________
(leaf)
of
the
eucalyptus(桉树)．
As
catastrophic
fires
have
swept
across
more
than
two
million
acres
in
Australia,
dozens
of
koalas
2.________
(rescue)
from
smoking
trees
and
ashen
ground.
The
difficulty
of
the
koala
has
raised
questions
among
conservationists
and
scientists
about
what
it
will
take
3.________
(preserve)
biodiversity
in
a
country
4.________
(increasing)
tending
to
have
intense
fires,
extreme
heat
and
water
scarcity.
And
it
already
has
the
highest
rate
of
species
5.________
(extinct)
in
the
world.
6.________
koalas
have
evolved
to
exist
alongside
wildfires,
the
animals
are
facing
new
threats
not
just
from
climate
change
but
also
from
human
development.
It
has
disturbed
local
populations,
7.________
(break)
their
ability
to
survive
fires.
In
some
regions,
scientists
say,
koalas'
numbers
have
declined
8.________
up
to
80
percent,
though
it
is
difficult
to
know
how
many
remain
across
Australia.
“We
have
these
unique
animals
9.________
are
not
found
anywhere
else
on
this
planet
and
we're
killing
them，”
said
Cheyne
Flanagan,
the
Clinical
Director
of
the
Port
Macquarie
Koala
Hospital.“This
is
10.________
wake?up
call.”
(六) 并列连词和三大从句
小题夯基练
1．答案与解析：or 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，“until
it
got
too
big”和“until
they
died”并列，同时结合语境可知，此处表示选择关系，故用连词or。
2．答案与解析：but 考查连词。根据本题题意，前后意思是转折关系。
3．答案与解析：but 考查连词。句意：我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。not...but...意为“不是……而是……”。
4．答案与解析：whose 考查定语从句。secretary与Dr.Rowan之间有所属关系，所以应该填whose，whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语。
5．答案与解析：who/that 考查定语从句。先行词为those，指大学生们，故用who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语。关系代词that可以指人，填that也可以。
6．答案与解析：when 考查定语从句。
句意：史密斯先生拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，后来他把它给了他的孙子。when引导定语从句修饰先行词“the
early
1990s”，
并在从句中作时间状语。
7．答案与解析：where 句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a
spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。
8．答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。
分析句子结构可知，
空格处引导定语从句，
先行词为campaign,
空格处在从句中作地点状语，
故填where。
9．答案与解析：that 考查同位语从句。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence“证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故本空填连接代词that。
10．答案与解析：what 考查名词性从句。根据语法结构可知，what引导宾语从句，作on的宾语，由于该宾语从句中缺少主语，同时空处表示“……的事物”，故填what。
11．答案与解析：what 考查宾语从句。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。此处需要用what引导宾语从句。
12．答案与解析：such 句意：Nick
Jonas所写的《坚持到底》是如此抒情、鼓舞人心的一首歌，以至于每当我听到它时几乎都会落泪。此处为“such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句”结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。
13．答案与解析：if 考查连词。句意：医生肯定我会检测出冠状病毒阳性，但如果我想确定的话，他给了我检测的选择权。由语境可知，此处表“条件”，应用连词if。
14．答案与解析：what 考查名词性从句。句意：而我们现在要做的就是处理掉那些对海洋生物造成严重损害的塑料。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个主语从句，从句缺少宾语，故此处用连接代词what。
15．答案与解析：when 考查连词。hardly...when...意为“一……就……”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用连词when引导时间状语从句。
16．答案与解析：and 考查并列连词。句意：他们是当地经济和社会发展的重要驱动力，同时也是泉州与世界的桥梁。分析句子结构可知，空处填并列连词，再根据句意可知，between...and...意为“在……之间”，故填and。
大题提能练
Test
1
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会生活——地铁车厢里将禁止吃喝
[文章大意] 本文介绍了一项针对地铁车厢里乘客吃喝问题的规定——在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝，并讲述了一个18岁的女孩对此规定的看法。
1．答案与解析：at 考查介词。此处表示对看到地铁车厢里有人吃东西表示厌烦，故用介词at。at
the
sight
of表示“看到”，是固定用法。
2．答案与解析：noisily 考查副词。此处应用副词noisily修饰动词chew。
3．答案与解析：its 考查代词。此处指关于这个问题的争论最近有了最终结果。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词destination。
4．答案与解析：babies 考查名词的数。此处指在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝，根据语境可知，此处指的婴儿不止一个，故应用名词的复数形式。
5．答案与解析：is
scheduled 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处指这项规定预计在4月1号生效，为对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；又主语The
policy与schedule之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，故填is
scheduled。
6．答案与解析：lying 考查非谓语动词。此处和该句中的playing并列，作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式lying，指禁止乘客躺在座位上。
7．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的女孩，且18?year?old的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
8．答案与解析：to
be
fined 考查固定用法。此处表示一位女乘客被看见罚款了，考查固定用法“be
seen
to
do
sth”，又此处表示被罚款，故填to
be
fined。
9．答案与解析：unaware 考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示大多数人之前确实不知道这个食物禁令，故填unaware“不知道”。
10．答案与解析：whether 考查状语从句。句意：不应允许在地铁车厢里面吃东西，无论它是否散发出强烈的气味，故填whether。
Test
2
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——人与动物——解救考拉
[文章大意] 考拉在澳大利亚大火中受难，人们解救了很多考拉。考拉虽已进化到可以和野火共存，但其正面临着不仅来自气候变化，而且来自人类发展的新威胁。在一些地方，考拉数量下降了80%，这对人类来说是一个警示。
1．答案与解析：leaves 考查名词的单复数。leaf为可数名词，根据该句中的“of
the
eucalyptus(桉树)”并结合常识可知，树的叶子有很多，故用名词的复数形式。
2．答案与解析：have
been
rescued 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“have
swept”和语境可知，此处应用现在完成时；koalas和动词rescue为被动关系，故用被动语态，且koalas为复数形式，故填have
been
rescued。
3．答案与解析：to
preserve 考查动词不定式。该处表示“将采取什么措施来保护生物多样性”，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。
4．答案与解析：increasingly 考查副词。副词修饰动词，空处修饰动词tending，应用副词形式。
5．答案与解析：extinction 考查名词。该句意为：并且该国已经拥有世界上最高的物种灭绝率。根据语境并结合句意可知，空处应用名词形式。
6．答案与解析：While/Though/Although 考查连词。该句意为：虽然考拉已经进化到可以与野火共存，但它们正面临着不仅来自气候变化，而且来自人类发展的新威胁。根据句意可知，此处应用While或Though或Although。
7．答案与解析：breaking 考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，主语It和动词break之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用break的现在分词形式。此处表示削弱了它们在火灾中生存的能力。
8．答案与解析：by 考查介词。该句意为：科学家说，尽管很难知道全澳大利亚还有多少考拉存在，但在一些地区，考拉的数量已经减少了高达80%。根据句意并结合空后的“up
to
80
percent”可知，此处应用介词by，表示数量。
9．答案与解析：that/which 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为these
unique
animals，故用that或which引导该定语从句。
10．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示这是一个警示，且wake?up的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。备战2021高考英语语法填空技能精选精练(三) 词性转换
小题夯基练
单句语法填空
1．[2020·北京卷]Because
of
the
confidence
she
inspired
in
me,
I've
carved
out
a
________
(success)
profession
as
a
journalist.
2．[2020·新高考山东卷]In
the
18th
and
19th
centuries,
________
(wealth)
people
travelled
and
collected
plants,
historical
objects
and
works
of
art.
3．[2020·新高考山东卷]
Historical
________(accurate)
is
important
but
so
is
entertainment.
4．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]
Filled
with
________(curious),
the
artist
packed
his
bags
and
left.
5．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]
As
the
small
boat
moved
________(gentle)
along
the
river
he
was
left
speechless
by
the
mountains
being
silently
reflected
in
the
water.
6．[2020·新高考山东卷]
As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine
________(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
walking
through
a
rainforest.
7．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]
Data
about
the
moon's
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
________(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
8．[2020·北京卷]She
recognized
________
(I)
potential
and
showed
me
that
I
could
write
with
creativity
and
enthusiasm.
9．[2018·6月浙江高考]The
obvious
one
is
money;
eating
out
once
or
twice
a
week
may
be________(afford)
but
doing
this
most
days
adds
up.
10．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]
To
avoid
knee
pain,
you
can
run
on
soft
surfaces,
do
exercises
to
________
(strength)
your
leg
muscles
(肌肉),
avoid
hills
and
get
good
running
shoes.
11．[2019·浙江卷6月]
School
uniforms
are
________
(tradition)
in
Britain,
but
some
schools
are
starting
to
get
rid
of
them.
12．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]This
switch
has
decreased
________
(pollute)
in
the
country's
major
lakes
and
reservoirs
and
made
drinking
water
safer
for
people.
13．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]This
development
was
only
possible
with
the
________
(introduce)
of
electric?powered
engines
and
lifts.
14．[2020·洛阳市高三5月第三次统考]I
was
always
amazed
at
the
pace
she
kept.
On
Mondays
and
Fridays,
she
worked
at
a
college
giving
students
guidance
so
that
they
could
have
a
good
________
(choose)
of
career.
15．[2020·高三八校第二次联考]For
many
people,
veganism
________
(simple)
means
eating
no
meat,
cheese
or
eggs,
but
going
animal?free
also
applies
to
fashion
and
manufacturing.
16．[2020·濮阳市高三毕业班第二次模拟]By
September,
2018,
her
________
(week)
strike
had
become
a
worldwide
climate
change
movement
called
“Fridays
for
the
Future”，
with
tens
of
thousands
of
students
skipping
school
on
this
day
to
condemn
the
inaction
of
the
leaders
of
their
respective
countries.
大题提能练
Test
1
[2020·长春市普通高中高三统一测试]
Schoolwork
can
be
stressful
sometimes,
especially
in
the
final
year
of
high
school,
which
can
affect
our
health.
Therefore,
finding
a
good
way
to
deal
1.________
pressure
is
important.
I
just
discovered
my
new
favorite
method:
trampolining
(蹦床运动)!
The
door
opens
and
you
are
amazed
2.________
(see)
people
jumping
and
flying
around
like
superheroes.
The
trampoline
park
is
full
of
3.________
(colour)
trampolines.
For
beginners,
it
is
the
best
area
to
start.
It
was
a
little
bit
4.________
(frighten)
at
the
beginning,
as
we
could
hardly
walk
on
the
trampolines.
5.________
when
I
started
to
jump
,
I
felt
all
the
stress
leave
my
body.
After
jumping
for
a
while,
I
6.________
(lie)
down
and
closed
my
eyes,
imagining
I
had
become
a
bird
that
could
touch
the
sky.
There
were
some
other
bouncing
(弹跳)
7.________
(activity).
My
favorite
one
was
the
basketball
dunking
(扣篮)
area,
8.________
included
a
basketball
hoop
above
runway
trampolines.
With
the
power
of
bouncing,
I
could
dunk
like
9.________
NBA
superstar.
It
was
not
only
relaxing,
but
also
fun!
While
outdoor
activities
10.________
(large)
depend
on
the
weather,
indoor
trampoline
parks
are
really
good
places
to
go
whenever
you
want
to
have
a
good
time.
Test
2
[2020·福州市高三毕业班适应性练习卷]
For
a
long
time
bats
1.________
(be)
one
of
the
most
fearful
creatures
in
the
animal
kingdom.
Many
pop
culture
associations
with
them
are
2.________
(relate)
to
vampires
(吸血鬼).
Though
these
associations
are
complete
misunderstandings,
bats
do
have
a
dark
side
as
a
3.________
(danger)
disease
vector
(介体).
So
there
is
good
reason
to
be
exceptionally
cautious
if
you
come
into
contact
with
bats.
However,
the
fact
is
4.________
bats
play
a
significant
role
in
keeping
a
balanced
ecosystem.
Many
organic
farmers
have
learned
about
the
benefits
of
5.________
(have)
bats
nearby
to
help
manage
the
amount
of
pests
that
show
up
without
pesticides.
One
brown
bat—about
6.________
size
of
a
human
thumb—can
consume
about
600
mosquitoes
and
other
unwanted
insects
within
an
hour.
They
make
for
a
fantastic,
almost
essential
7.________
(add)
to
pest
management
on
any
farm.
Even
large
government
organizations
have
realized
the
economic
benefits
of
bats.
The
United
States
Geological
Survey
estimates
that
bats'
contributions
8.________
pest
management
save
the
country
9.________
(rough)
3.7
billion
dollars
per
year.
Without
them,
we
would
likely
experience
a
dramatic
drop
in
food
production,
which
would
eventually
make
10.________
(it)
way
into
our
weekly
grocery
bills.
(三) 词性转换
小题夯基练
1．答案与解析：successful 考查词性转换。
profession为名词，意为“职业”，故应用形容词修饰名词，故填successful。
2．答案与解析：wealthy 考查词性转换。根据设空处后面的名词people可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。
3．答案与解析：accuracy 考查名词。根据语境和设空处前的修饰词Historical可知，此处应用名词accuracy作主语。
4．答案与解析：curiosity 考查词性转换。介词with后应使用名词。
5．答案与解析：gently 考查词性转换。修饰动词moved应使用副词。
6．答案与解析：themselves 考查反身代词。根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词形式，故答案为themselves。
7．答案与解析：its 考查代词。此处表示“它的计划”，故用形容词性物主代词its。
8．答案与解析：my 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，
此处的potential是名词，
意为“潜力”，
故此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，
故填my。
9．答案与解析：affordable 根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次是可以负担得起的。本句为主系表结构，
故此处应该用形容词作表语，
afford的形容词为affordable。
10．答案与解析：strengthen 考查词性转换。此处to为不定式符号，在句中作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。
11．答案与解析：traditional 考查形容词。此处形容词作表语，用来说明主语“school
uniforms”的特点。
12．答案与解析：pollution decrease
“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词形式是pollution。
13．答案与解析：introduction 空格前是定冠词the，空格后是of所有格，故此处用名词形式。
14．答案与解析：choice 考查名词。形容词修饰名词，根据空格前的形容词good可知，此处应用名词形式choice。
15．答案与解析：simply 考查副词作状语。句意：对于许多人而言，纯素食主义仅仅意味着不吃肉、奶酪或者鸡蛋，但采取无动物成分的做法同样适用于时尚业和制造业。此处用副词作状语。分析句子可知，空格处在句中修饰动词means，修饰动词要用副词，故填simply。
16．答案与解析：weekly 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词strike，weekly“每周的”，故填weekly。condemn
vt.谴责，指责；inaction
n．无行动，不作为。
大题提能练
Test
1
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——用蹦床运动来减压
[文章大意] 高三学习压力大，作者发现用蹦床运动来减压是一个好方法。本文主要讲述了作者进行蹦床运动的经历及感受。
1．答案与解析：with 考查固定搭配。deal
with为固定搭配，表示“处理，应付”。该处表示“找到一个好方法去应付压力”，故填with。
2．答案与解析：to
see 考查动词不定式。句意：门开了，你惊奇地看到人们像超级英雄一样四处跳着、飞着。此处考查“形容词＋不定式”结构作表语。
3．答案与解析：colourful 考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词“trampolines”，表示“五彩缤纷的蹦床”，故用形容词colourful。
4．答案与解析：frightening 考查形容词。该句中的It指的是蹦床运动，结合be动词
was可知，空处应用形容词frightening修饰物，表示“令人恐惧的”。
5．答案与解析：But 考查连词。空处上文说一开始蹦床运动是令人恐惧的，因为我们几乎不能在蹦床上行走；空处下文说，当“我”开始跳时，“我”感到所有压力都离开了“我”的身体；根据句意可知，空处表转折，故用连词But。
6．答案与解析：lay 考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“closed”可知，此处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
7．答案与解析：activities 考查名词的数。此处activity“活动”为可数名词，根据该句中的“There
were
some”可知，该处应用名词的复数形式。
8．答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为“the
basketball
dunking(扣篮)area”，表物，故用which引导该定语从句。
9．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。该处泛指“一位NBA明星”，应用不定冠词，又NBA的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。
10．答案与解析：largely 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词短语depend
on“受……的影响”，作状语，应用副词形式。此处表示“户外活动主要受天气影响”。
Test
2
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：
人与自然——人与动物——蝙蝠的作用
[文章大意] 本文主要介绍了蝙蝠在保持生态平衡及经济方面的重要作用。
1．答案与解析：have
been 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：很长一段时间以来，蝙蝠一直是动物王国里最可怕的动物之一。根据该句中的“For
a
long
time”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为bats，所以填have
been。
2．答案与解析：related 考查固定搭配。句意：许多关于它们的流行文化与吸血鬼有关。be
related
to意为“与……有关”，故填related。
3．答案与解析：dangerous 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous。
4．答案与解析：that 考查连接词。句意：然而，事实是蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面起着重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作句子成分，所以填that。
5．答案与解析：having 考查动名词。此处表示许多实行有机栽培的农民已经了解到(农场)附近有蝙蝠的好处。根据空前的介词“of”可知，此处用having。
6．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。此处表示一只大约人类拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠。the
size
of意为“……的大小”，为固定用法，所以填the。
7．答案与解析：addition 考查名词。根据空前的形容词“essential”并结合语境可知，此处用名词addition“添加物”。
8．答案与解析：to 考查介词。此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献，所以填介词to。
9．答案与解析：roughly 考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献为美国每年节省大约37亿美元。分析句子可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰数词。roughly意为“大约，差不多”。
10．答案与解析：its 考查代词。句意：如果没有它们，我们可能会遭受食物产量急剧下降，这最终会影响到我们每周的食品杂货账单。根据空后的名词“way”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its。备战2021高考英语语法填空技能精选精练(五) 冠词、介词、代词
小题夯基练
单句语法填空
1．[2020·浙江卷1月]A
child
born
in
the
U．S.
today
has
________
very
realistic
chance
of
living
beyond
100
and
needs
to
plan
accordingly.
2．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]
The
plum
trees
are
________
first
to
flower
even
as
the
snow
is
melting
(融化).
They
represent
the
promise
of
spring
and
a
renewal
of
life.
3．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]
Of
________
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
are
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]
Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
________
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
5．[2020·浙江卷1月]This
aging
of
the
population
is
driven
________
two
factors.
6．[2019·北京卷]
First
celebrated
________
1970,
the
Day
now
includes
events
in
more
than
190
countries
and
regions
(地区)．
7．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Modern
methods
________
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid?1980s,
and
are
expensive
to
perform
consistently
over
a
large
area.
8．[2020·安徽省高三联考]Being
________
international
port,
Quanzhou,
is
home
to
a
huge
number
of
Chinese
who
have
gone
abroad
and
can
be
tracked
to
more
than
130
countries
and
regions
around
the
globe.
9．[2020·郑州高三质检]
She
was
really
excited
that
day
because
they
were
having
a
dance
party.
I
danced
with
all
the
ladies,
particularly
with
Grandma,
which
was
awesome.
However,
I
felt
discomfort
throughout
________
party.
10．[2020·高三八校第二次联考]Having
a
vegan
diet
might
sound
hard.
However,
in
recent
years,
veganism
(纯素食主义)
has
become
one
of
________
fastest?growing
lifestyle
trends
in
the
world.
11．[2020·安徽安庆二模]Every
new
year
in
the
heartland
of
industrial
China,
thousands
upon
thousands
of
motorcyclists
brave
the
weather
and
hit
the
road,
determined
to
make
________
home.
12．[2020·山东省师大附中阶段性检测]The
most
important
thing
is
to
practice.You
can
do
this
________
joining
such
kind
of
clubs.
13．[2020·四川绵阳高三四诊断]Cleaner
air
has
been
most
noticeable.
For
example,
________
April
3,
people
living
in
Jalandhar,
a
city
in
the
north,
woke
up
to
a
sight:
snow?covered
Himalayan
mountains
more
than
160
kilometers
away.
14．[2020·河北衡水中学第三次联考]Shen
Maosheng,
who
led
the
dig,
said
most
of
the
newly
found
warriors
can
be
divided
into
two
groups.
One
group
is
carrying
poles,
while
________
other
carries
bows.
15．[2020·濮阳市高三毕业班第二次模拟]In
August
2018,
tired
of
the
“refusal”
of
world
leaders
to
take
action,
the
young
girl
started
camping
in
front
of
the
Swedish
Parliament
every
Friday
with
________
sign,
which
said:
“Schools
Strike
for
Climate”．
16．[2020·衡阳市高三毕业班联考三]To
ensure
the
accuracy
of
the
measurement,
and
to
work
it
in________more
effective
way,
experts
were
invited
to
assist
in
the
technical
design
and
planning
of
the
project
from
the
beginning.
大题提能练
Test
1
[2020·福建省高三毕业班质量检查测试]
Acupuncture
(针灸)
is
a
traditional
Chinese
medical
practice
of
treating
1.________
(variety)
physical
and
mental
conditions.
It
gained
respect
and
interest
in
the
United
States
after
The
New
York
Times
journalist
James
Reston
2.________
(visit)
China.
During
Reston's
stay
in
China,
he
needed
an
operation.
Chinese
doctors
used
acupuncture
on
Reston
after
surgery
3.________
(reduce)
his
pain,
and
his
recovery
was
swift.
Curious
about
this,
Reston
was
allowed
to
watch
surgery
on
patients
4.________
received
acupuncture
for
anesthesia
(麻醉).
Patients
talked
with
their
doctors
during
the
operation
and
then
walked
back
to
their
rooms
5.________
their
own.
The
effectiveness
of
acupuncture
left
such
a
deep
6.________
(impress)
on
Reston
that
he
wrote
a
front?page
article
in
The
New
York
Times
about
his
operation
upon
returning
to
the
United
States.
“A
leading
medical
specialist
7.________
(send)
by
Premier
Chou
En?lai
removed
my
appendix
(阑尾).
I
was
conscious
in
8.________
whole
process.”
The
National
Institutes
of
Health
(NIH)
began
to
sponsor
some
of
their
top
9.________
(physician)
to
visit
China
to
investigate
acupuncture
and
its
possible
functions
in
western
medicine.
With
years
going
by,
acupuncture
has
earned
10.________
(it)
a
great
reputation
across
the
world
with
magical
effect.
Test
2
[2020·贵阳市高三适应性考试]
The
Contemporary
Museum
of
Calligraphy
(书法)
contains
many
art
pieces
including
Arabic,
Chinese,
1.________
(Europe),
Indian,
Japanese
and
Slavic
calligraphic
works.
“One
of
the
most
interesting
2.________
(item)
in
the
museum
is
a
book
of
calligraphic
works
on
the
36
military
tactics
(战术)
applied
during
wars
in
ancient
China，”
Alexey
Shaburov,
founder
and
keeper
of
the
museum,
3.________
(tell)
a
group
of
reporters
from
China
on
November
24.
The
giant
book
is
exhibited
in
a
large
glass
case.
Shaburov
took
it
out
to
show
some
of
4.________
(it)
content.
Each
tactic,
5.________
is
usually
expressed
in
four
Chinese
characters,
is
written
on
one
page
and
accompanied
by
a
Russian
translation
on
another
page.
The
tactics
represent
the
6.________
(wise)
of
Chinese
people.
They
are
not
only
useful
on
the
battlefield
7.________
also
useful
for
business
and
personal
life.
He
said
he
became
crazy
about
calligraphy,
so
he
decided
8.________
(establish)
a
calligraphic
museum
in
Moscow.
The
museum
has
played
9.________
important
role
in
promoting
calligraphy
in
Russia.
“Calligraphy
wasn't
seen
as
an
art
form
in
Russia.
But
this
year,
some
of
the
artworks
from
our
museum
were
made
a
part
of
the
non?public
section
of
the
Russian
museum
collection，”
Shaburov
said,
10.________
(add)
that
this
means
that
calligraphic
works
are
acknowledged
as
cultural
heritage
and
will
be
protected
in
Russia.
(五) 冠词、介词、代词
小题夯基练
1．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。根据下文的chance
可知，
这里语意表示“非常实际的一个可能性”，
故填不定冠词，
表示泛指。
2．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。序数词前加定冠词the，表示“第几个”。
3．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。
4．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。over
the
past
25
years“在过去的25年里”。
5．答案与解析：by 考查介词。
空处位于表示被动的动词后，
故应该填by。
6．答案与解析：in 考查介词。在1970年，应用介词in。在年、月和季节前，用介词in。
7．答案与解析：of/for 考查介词。a
method
of/for
doing
sth.做某事的方法。
8．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。句意：泉州作为一个国际港口，拥有大量出国的中国人，可以追踪到全球130多个国家和地区。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再根据句意可知，“international
port”表示泛指，又因是元音音素开头，故填an。
9．答案与解析：the 根据语境可知，此处的party特指上文中的“a
dance
party”所以填the。
10．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。句意：但近年来，纯素食主义成为了全球一种增长趋势最快的生活方式。one
of
后面名词是特指，要用定冠词the，故填the。
11．答案与解析：it 考查代词。句意：每年春节，在中国工业的中心地带，成千上万的骑摩托的人不畏寒冷的天气，骑摩托上路，下定决心回家。make
it
to
sp.为固定搭配，意为“成功到某地”，home为副词，不与介词连用，make
it
home意为“成功到家”，故填it。
12．答案与解析：by 考查介词。句意：你可以通过参加这样的俱乐部来做这件事。根据句意及后面的doing可知，此处用表达“通过……”的介词。
13．答案与解析：on 考查介词。根据后文April
3可知表示在具体的某一天应用介词on。
14．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。one...，the
other...为固定用法。
此处特指另一组，应用定冠词，故填the。
15．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。句意：在2018年8月，对世界领导拒绝采取行动感到厌烦，这个年轻的女孩开始每周五在瑞典议会门前露营，并拿着写着一个“学校为气候大罢工”的标牌。sign是可数名词，根据句意可知此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，又sign是辅音音素开头，故填a。
16．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。句意同上，way是可数名词，此处泛指“一种更有效的方式”，应该用不定冠词修饰，more的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
大题提能练
Test
1
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——中医文化——针灸
[文章大意] 针灸是一种中国传统医学疗法，它可以治疗各种不同的身体和精神疾病。本文主要介绍了它是如何传到美国并在世界上享有盛誉的。
1．答案与解析：various 考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，空处修饰名词conditions，应用形容词形式，所以填various。
2．答案与解析：visited 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，空处为after引导的时间状语从句的谓语，根据主句中的gained可知，此处是在讲过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，所以填visited。
3．答案与解析：to
reduce 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处和句子的谓语
used之间没有连词，应用动词的非谓语形式。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式，所以填to
reduce。
4．答案与解析：who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示人的先行词patients，所以填who/that。
5．答案与解析：on 考查介词。on
one's
own“独自地，独立地”是固定搭配，所以填on。
6．答案与解析：impression 考查名词。根据空前的冠词a和形容词deep可知，此处应用名词，leave
an
impression
on
sb.“给某人留下印象”是固定搭配，所以填impression。
7．答案与解析：sent 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处和句子的谓语removed之间没有连词，应用动词的非谓语形式，又和其句子的主语“A
leading
medical
specialist”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式sent。
8．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在整个过程中”，故应用“in
the
whole
process”表示，所以填the。
9．答案与解析：physicians 考查名词的数。physician是可数名词，根据该句中的“some
of”可知，此处应用其复数形式，所以填physicians。
10．答案与解析：itself 考查代词。空处与句子的主语acupuncture呼应，故用it的反身代词作earned的宾语，表示“针灸已经在世界各地为自己赢得了极好的声誉”，所以填itself。
Test
2
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——文化——俄罗斯现代书法博物馆
[文章大意] 该文主要介绍了在俄罗斯现代书法博物馆展出的一本有关中国古代被使用于战争中的三十六计的书法作品书籍，还介绍了通过该博物馆的努力，书法在俄罗斯得到了认可。
1．答案与解析：European 考查词形转换。and前后为并列的形容词，共同修饰后面的名词短语“calligraphic
works”，所以填European。
2．答案与解析：items 考查名词的单复数。item“物品”为可数名词，根据空前的“One
of”可知，此处应用item的复数形式，所以填items。
3．答案与解析：told 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处是谓语，又根据时间状语“on
November
24”和语境可知，此处表述的是发生在过去的事情，故应用一般过去时，所以填told。
4．答案与解析：its 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰后面的名词content，所以填形容词性物主代词its。
5．答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词Each
tactic，所以填which。
6．答案与解析：wisdom 考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应为名词，所以填wisdom。
7．答案与解析：but 考查固定用法。not
only...but
also...为固定用法，意为“不但……而且……”，符合语境，所以填but。
8．答案与解析：to
establish 考查非谓语动词。decide
to
do
sth.为固定用法，意为“决定做某事”，所以填to
establish。
9．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。play
a(n)．..role为固定搭配，意为“发挥……的作用”，且important的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。
10．答案与解析：adding 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，said是句子的谓语，故此处应用非谓语动词形式，又Shaburov和add为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以填add的现在分词形式adding。备战2021高考英语语法填空技能精选精练(一) 谓语动词
小题夯基练
单句语法填空
1．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]
The
unmanned
Chang'e?4
probe
(探测器)
—the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess—________
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole?Aitken
basin.
2．[2020·新高考山东卷]
The
80,000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,
________(form)
the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
which/that
opened
in
1759.
3．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]
When
he
asked
the
villagers
on
the
banks
of
the
river
where
he
could
find
the
legendary
(传奇的)
artist,
they
smiled
and
________(point)
down
the
river.
4．[2020·浙江卷7月]By
about
6000
BC,
people
________
(discover)
the
best
crops
to
grow
and
animals
to
raise.
5．[2020·新高考山东卷]
Often,
only
a
small
part
of
a
museum's
collection
________
(be)
on
display.
Most
of
it
is
stored
away
or
used
for
research.
6．[2020·天津卷]The
number
of
medical
schools
reached
18
in
the
early
1990s
and
________
(remain)
around
that
level
ever
since.
7．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]
“This
really
excites
scientists，”
Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
“because
it
means
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
________(construct)．”
8．[2020·新高考山东卷]
The
parts
of
a
museum
open
to
the
public
________(call)
galleries
or
rooms.
9．[2020·浙江卷7月]Farming
produced
more
food
per
person
than
hunting
and
gathering,
so
people
were
able
to
raise
more
children.
And,
as
more
children
were
born,
more
food
________(need)．
10．[2020·1月浙江卷]People
tend
to
focus
on
the
first
factor.
However,
greater
attention
should
_________
(place)
on
longevity
(长寿)．
11．[2019·天津卷]Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
________
(give)
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
12．[2020·湖南长郡中学模拟]The
traditional
Chinese
marriage
usually
________(involve)
some
necessary
procedures,
such
as
match?making,
engagement,
meeting
the
bride,
and
three
bows.
13．[2020·江西省重点中学盟校第二次联考]At
present,
Tech
giants
Apple
and
Google
________
(team)
up
to
create
a
system
that
would
let
smartphone
users
know
when
they've
come
into
contact
with
someone
who
has
COVID?19.
14．[2020·赣州市高三年级适应性考试]They
________
(become)
a
part
of
daily
life
and
a
part
of
our
throwaway
culture
for
decades.
China
set
a
goal
of
reducing
overconsumption
in
order
to
get
rid
of
our
reliance
on
single?use
plastics.
15．[2020·“安徽省示范高中皖北协作区”高三联考]Quanzhou
is
also
known
for
its
thriving
private
economy.
The
past
four
decades
________
(see)
the
birth
of
tens
of
thousands
of
private
businesses
and
hundreds
of
famous
brands.
16．[2020·濮阳市高三毕业班第二次模拟]Greta
Thunberg,
a
16?year?old
Swedish
climate
change
activist,
________
(elect)
as
2019's
“Person
of
The
Year”
last
week.
大题提能练
Test
1
[2020·合肥市高三第二次诊断检测]Chopsticks
play
an
important
role
in
Chinese
food
culture.
Chinese
chopsticks
are
round
on
the
eating
end
which
symbolizes
heaven，while
the
other
end
is
square
which
symbolizes
earth.This
is
because
keeping
enough
food
is
1.________(great)
concern
than
anything
else.
It
is
important
to
note
that
chopsticks
are
used
in
many
different
cultures
and
there
is
no
single
standard
for
the
use
of
chopsticks.Here
are
some
customs
2.________(associate)
with
chopsticks
in
China.
Playing
with
chopsticks
3.________(consider)
bad
manners.
And
chopsticks
should
not
be
placed
4.________(vertical)
in
a
bowl
of
rice
or
other
food.
Any
stick?like
object
pointing
upward
5.________(resemble)
the
incense(香)
sticks
that
people
use
6.________
offerings
to
their
dead
family
members.
It
is
also
bad
manners
to
tap
chopsticks
on
7.________
edge
of
one's
bowl,
because
in
ancient
China
beggars
often
made
this
noise
8.________(attract)
attention.
In
Chinese,
“chopsticks”
reads
“kuai
zi”，
which
means
“to
have
sons
soon”，so
a
newly?married
couple
will
be
very
happy
to
accept
chopsticks
as
9.________
(they)
wedding
gift.
10．________
has
already
been
found
out
is
that
using
chopsticks
improves
one's
memory,
increases
finger
dexterity(灵巧)
and
can
be
useful
in
learning
and
improving
skills
such
as
Chinese
character
printing
and
brush
painting.
Test
2
[2020·深圳市高三第二次检测]
When
the
winter
approaches，tanghulu，a
traditional
Chinese
snack
can
be
found
on
the
street
corner
in
northern
China.
Since
ancient
times,
it
1.________(be)
very
popular
with
natives,
especially
children.
Tanghulu
is
2.________(common)
made
of
haws
(山楂果),
which
are
rich
in
vitamin
C
and
are
known
3.________(have)
traditional
Chinese
medicinal
properties.
According
to
a
legend,
in
Song
Dynasty,
one
of
the
emperor's
4.________(wife)
was
sick
and
had
5.________
poor
appetite.
The
doctor
suggested
that
she
eat
five
to
ten
haws
6.________(boil)
with
sugar
before
each
meal.
She
recovered
within
half
a
month.
Later,
the
prescription
was
passed
on
7.________ordinary
people.
People
put
haws
on
a
stick,
dipped
them
in
hot
sugar
syrup(糖浆)
and
dried.
The
syrup
finally
turned
into
a
solid
coating,
like
the
crystal
on
the
surface
of
haws.
That
is
8.________they
are
also
called
bingtanghulu.
9.________origin
story
says
that
the
very
first
tanghulu
only
had
two
haws—a
small
one
on
the
top
and
a
big
one
below,
making
it
resemble
a
hulu,
a
bringer
of
good
luck.
With
sour
haws
and
sweet
sugar,
the
taste
of
tanghulu
is
a
combination
of
flavors,
which
often
10.________
(remind)
people
of
their
happy
childhoods.
(一) 谓语动词
小题夯基练
1．答案与解析：touched 句子主语是“The
unmanned
Chang'e?4
probe”，空格touch是谓语动词，有时间状语“last
week”可判断用一般过去时。
2．答案与解析：formed 考查动词时态。根据上文内容以及时间状语“in
1759”可知，应用一般过去时。
3．答案与解析：pointed 考查时态。空处与smiled构成并列谓语，故用一般过去时。
4．答案与解析：had
discovered 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“By
about
6000
BC”可知，句子谓语动词用过去完成时，故填had
discovered。
5．答案与解析：is 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据时间状语Often可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为“only
a
small
part
of
a
museum's
collection”，是单数形式，故此处用is。
6．答案与解析：has
remained 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。ever
since是解题关键，与现在完成时连用。“the
number
of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7．答案与解析：is
constructed 考查被动语态。此处表示“月球是如何构成的”，应用被动语态，且此处描述的是客观情况，故填is
constructed。
8．答案与解析：are
called 考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为“The
parts
of
a
museum”，设空处为谓语动词，与主语之间为被动关系，结合语境可知这里为客观事实，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。
9．答案与解析：was
needed 考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的粮食就越多”可知，more
food与need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填was
needed。
10．答案与解析：be
placed 由短语“place
greater
attention
on”可知，attention
与place之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
11．答案与解析：was
given 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：埃米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。A
as
well
as
B作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由A，也就是本题中的Amy决定；由“last
week”可知give表示的动作发生在过去，且Amy与give是被动关系。
12．答案与解析：involves 考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语The
traditional
Chinese
marriage为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。
13．答案与解析：are
teaming 考查时态。句意：目前，科技巨头苹果公司和谷歌公司正在合作开发一个系统，可以让智能手机用户知道他们是否接触了新冠肺炎患者。
根据时间状语“at
present”可知，是叙述现在正在发生的情况，因此用现在进行时be
doing，表示现阶段正在进行的动作；主语Tech
giants
Apple
and
Google中giants是复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式。
14．答案与解析：have
become 考查动词时态。根据后文“for
decades”可知应用现在完成时，且主语为they，故助动词用have。
15．答案与解析：has
seen/have
seen 考查时态。句意：在过去的四十年里，数以万计的私营企业和数百个著名品牌应运而生。分析句子结构可知，空处填时态，再根据句意可知，“the
past
four
decades”是句子的主语，此处用现在完成时，谓语动词可用复数，也可以用单数，故填has
seen/have
seen。
16．答案与解析：was
elected 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，主语Greta
Thunberg和elect之间是被动关系，由“last
week”判断为一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was
elected。
大题提能练
Test
1
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——传统文化——筷子的特征及相关习俗
[文章大意] 文章介绍了筷子的特征以及围绕筷子形成的一些习俗。
1．答案与解析：greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据下文中的“than”可知，此处要用形容词的比较级形式。
2．答案与解析：associated 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用过去分词短语“associated
with
chopsticks”作定语，修饰“customs”。
3．答案与解析：is
considered 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该处为客观性描述，应用一般现在时；该句为动名词短语“Playing
with
chopsticks”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；且此处表示玩筷子被看作是不礼貌的行为，故应用被动语态。
4．答案与解析：vertically 考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词要用副词，故填vertically。
5．答案与解析：resembles 考查时态和主谓一致。该处为客观性描述，应用一般现在时；本句为含有“that”引导的定语从句的主从复合句，其中主句的主语是“Any
stick?like
object
pointing
upward”，是单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
6．答案与解析：as 考查介词。“as”在这里用作介词，意为“作为”。
7．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。此处特指后面的“bowl”(碗)的边缘，故填定冠词。
8．答案与解析：to
attract 考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式短语“to
attract”作目的状语。
9．答案与解析：their 考查代词。此处的“wedding
gift”与上文提到的“a
newly?married
couple”为所属关系，故填their。
10．答案与解析：What 考查主语从句。此处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故用What来引导从句。
Test
2
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——文化——糖葫芦
[文章大意] 本文主要介绍了糖葫芦的起源、做法与味道等。
1．答案与解析：has
been 考查现在完成时。根据本句中的时间状语“Since
ancient
times”和语境可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has
been。
2．答案与解析：commonly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，应用副词形式，故填commonly。
3．答案与解析：to
have 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式短语“to
have
traditional
Chinese
medicinal
properties”作主语补足语。
4．答案与解析：wives 考查名词的数。根据空前的“one
of
”可知，这位皇帝的妻子不止一位，故空处要用可数名词复数形式。
5．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。此处表示“胃口不好”，且poor的发音以辅音音素开头，故应用“a
poor
appetite”表示，故要用不定冠词a。
6．答案与解析：boiled 考查过去分词。该从句中已有谓语动词，故空处应用动词的非谓语形式，又空处与haws之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词短语“boiled
with
sugar”作其后置定语。
7．答案与解析：to 考查介词。pass
sth.
on
to
sb.意为“把某物传给某人”，是固定用法，符合语境。
8．答案与解析：why 考查表语从句。根据语境可知，“The
syrup
finally...on
the
surface
of
haws”与“they
are
also
called
bingtanghulu”之间存在因果关系，故此处用why引导表语从句。
9．答案与解析：Another 考查限定词。根据第二段第二句中的“a
legend”并结合语境可知，此处在讲另一个有关糖葫芦起源的故事，故填限定词Another。
10．答案与解析：reminds 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“often”和句意可知，该从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时，且which引导的定语从句修饰先行词“a
combination
of
flavors”，故该从句的谓语动词用单数形式，故填reminds。备战2021高考英语语法填空技能精选精练(二) 非谓语动词
小题夯基练
单句语法填空
1．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang'e?4
________(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole?Aitken
basin.
2．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
________
(find)
the
well?known
painter.
3．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]They
represent
the
earth
________
(come)
back
to
life
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
4．[2020·山东高考模拟卷]________
(follow)
by
a
wedding
photographer,
the
couple
made
a
surprise
visit
to
the
hospital
before
heading
to
the
reception.
5．[2020·1月浙江高考]Something
significant
is
happening
to
the
world
population
—
it
is
aging.
The
median
(中位数的)
age
of
an
American
in
1950
was
30—today
it
is
41
and
is
expected
________(increase)
to
42
by
2050.
6．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]They
make
great
gifts
and
you
see
them
many
times
________
(decorate)
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
7．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]
And
when
he
saw
the
mists
rising
from
the
river
and
the
soft
clouds
________(surround)
the
mountain
tops,
he
was
reduced
to
tears.
8．[2020·北京卷]And
third,
tiger
sharks
have
teeth
perfectly
________
(design)
for
cutting
their
food,
so
it
is
certain
that
the
damage
will
be
disastrous.
9．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]On
our
way
to
the
house,
it
was
raining
so
hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
________(get)
there.
10．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I
quickly
lower
myself,
ducking
my
head
to
avoid
looking
directly
into
his
eyes
so
he
doesn't
feel________(challenge)．
11．[2018·6月浙江高考]While
regularly
eating
out
seems
to
________
(become)
common
for
many
young
people
in
recent
years,
it's
not
without
a
cost.
12．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Scientists
have
responded
by
________
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating
(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion
(错觉)
that
populations
are
higher
than
they
actually
are.
13．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]When
we
got
a
call
________(say)
she
was
short?listed,
we
thought
it
was
a
joke.
14．[2020·赣州市高三年级适应性考试]Food
delivery
and
takeaway
services
will
stop
________
(use)
single?use
plastic
straws
and
cutlery
(餐具)
nationwide.
15．[2020·河北衡水中学第三次联考]The
Terracotta
Army,
________
(build)
around
2,200
years
ago,
was
intended
to
protect
Emperor
Qin
Shi
Huang
in
his
afterlife.
16．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Modern
methods
of
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid?1980s,
and
are
expensive
________(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
大题提能练
Test
1
[2020·南昌市高三一模]How
do
you
know
I
am
really
a
human
writing
this
article
and
not
a
robot?
Forbes
uses
1.________
AI
robot
called
Bertie
to
assist
in
providing
reporters
2.________
first
drafts
for
news
stories.
The
Washington
Post
also
3.________
(have)
a
robot
reporter
called
Heliograf.
In
its
first
year,
approximately
850
articles
4.________
(publish)
and
it
even
earned
an
award
for
its“Excellence
in
Use
of
Bots”.
However,
The
Washington
Post
is
using
it
not
to
replace
journalists,
but
to
assist
them
and
make
their
jobs
5.________
(easy)
and
faster.
Journalists
are
worried
that
content
written
by
robots
could
weaken
reliable
media
outlets
that
they
write
for
by
not
6.________
(produce)
quality
content.
However,
some
say
that
will
not
be
the
case
but
rather
increases
the
quality
by
giving
reporters
the
ability
7.________
(concentrate)
on
quality
over
quantity.
All
in
all,
this
could
8.________
(true)
benefit
journalism.
“The
work
is
creative.
It's
about
9.________
(curious),
storytelling,
digging
and
holding
governments
accountable.
And
it's
about
critical
thinking
and
judgment.
These
are
10.________
we
want
our
journalists
spending
their
energy，”AP
Director
of
News
Partnerships
Lisa
Gibbs
said.
Test
2
[2020·云南省高中毕业班统一检查]
Beijing
Daxing
International
Airport,
also
known
1.________
Beijing
New
Airport,
is
the
biggest
airport
in
the
world.
With
its
grand
opening
on
September
25,
2019,
it
became
a
hot
destination
during
National
Day
holiday.
Visitors
crowded
into
the
2.________
(new)
opened
airport
to
take
photos
for
their
WeChat
moments.
According
to
a
report
from
the
airport,
3.________
number
of
checked?in
passengers
at
the
airport
on
October
3
was
4,513
,
and
it
4.________
(have)
more
than
100,000
visitors.
Outbound
(出港的)
passengers
at
the
airport
hit
5,667
the
day
before,
with
a
total
of
around
85,000
people
5.________
(enter)
the
terminal.
Many
visitors
came
just
to
look
at
the
airport's
striking
architecture
6.________
admire
its
beautiful
artwork.
The
airport
added
staff
members
to
ensure
the
7.________
(safe)
of
passengers
and
also
released
its
travel
tips
recommending
passengers
to
plan
ahead
8.________
(avoid)
heavy
traffic
around
the
holiday.
Beijing
Daxing
International
Airport
9.________
(expect)
to
become
one
of
the
world's
10.________
(busy)
and
most
advanced
airports
with
its
cutting?edge
technology
and
intelligent
services.
It
also
aims
to
provide
visitors
with
wonderful
travel
experiences
as
well
as
shortened
waiting
time.
(二) 非谓语动词
小题夯基练
1．答案与解析：to
find 该句主句为“Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang'e?4”；
空格处为动词不定式在句中作目的状语。
2．答案与解析：to
find 考查动词不定式。set
out
to
do
sth.(怀着目标)开始做某事。
3．答案与解析：coming 句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come
back
to之间为主动关系，这里the
earth
coming
back
to
life是动名词的复合形式相当于the
earth's
coming
back
to
life与后面best
wishes
for
new
beginnings是并列关系。
4．答案与解析：Followed 分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词made，the
couple与follow之间是被动关系，故用过去分词followed作状语。
5．答案与解析：to
increase 分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is
expected，且不是并列谓语，故此处考查的是非谓语动词。固定表达be
expected
to
do
sth.表示“被预料做某事”，不定式作补足语。
6．答案与解析：decorated 已有谓语动词make及see，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因decorate句中them指代前句中的orange
trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
7．答案与解析：surrounding 考查非谓语动词。在“see
＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，
宾语与宾补之间是主动关系，
用现在分词表示动作正在进行。the
soft
clouds
与surround
之间是主动关系，
且表示正在发生的事情，
故填surrounding。
8．答案与解析：designed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，
teeth和design为逻辑上的动宾关系，
故应用过去分词designed。
9．答案与解析：to
get 此处是It
takes
(sb.)
some
time
to
do
sth.句型，意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”。
10．答案与解析：challenged 根据句子结构可知，此处作系动词feel的表语，主语为he，故要用
challenged，表示“受到挑战的”。
11．答案与解析：have
become seem是系动词，其后应接不定式作表语。根据语境和句中时间状语“in
recent
years”可知，此处应用不定式的完成式，表动作已完成。seem
to
have
done
sth.“似乎已经做了某事”。
12．答案与解析：noting 介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond
by
doing
sth.“通过做某事回应”。
13．答案与解析：saying say与前面的“a
call”之间是主动关系，故填saying，现在分词短语saying
...作后置定语，修饰a
call。
14．答案与解析：using 考查非谓语动词。句意：在全国范围内，食品外卖服务将停止使用一次性塑料吸管和餐具。表示“停止(正在做的)某事”应用stop
doing
sth.。
15．答案与解析：built 考查非谓语动词。兵马俑建于大约
2200年前，为了在秦始皇死后能保护他，兵马俑的谓语动词是was
intended，建造和谓语之间没有连词，可以判断出要用非谓语形式，过去分词表示被动，故填built。
16．答案与解析：to
perform 此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
大题提能练
Test
1
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学技术——机器人在新闻媒体中的应用
[文章大意] 你能区分出文章是人还是机器人写的吗？本文介绍了机器人在新闻媒体行业的应用以及人们对此的看法。
1．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。robot是可数名词，此处第一次在语境中出现，所以应用不定冠词修饰，且AI的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。
2．答案与解析：with 考查介词。provide
sb.with
sth.“给某人提供某物”是固定搭配，所以填with。
3．答案与解析：has 考查时态和主谓一致。句子的主语是The
Washington
Post，是一份报纸的名称，为单数概念，且应与上句中的uses时态保持一致，所以填has。
4．答案与解析：were
published 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，空处为句子的谓语，又与句子主语“850
articles”构成被动关系，故用被动语态，即be＋done，且根据and可知，此处应与earned的时态保持一致，即一般过去时，所以填were
published。
5．答案与解析：easier 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的and可知，此处与faster并列，故用形容词的比较级形式作宾语补足语，所以填easier。
6．答案与解析：producing 考查非谓语动词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，空处作介词by的宾语，所以填producing。
7．答案与解析：to
concentrate 考查非谓语动词。ability
to
do
sth.“做某事的能力”是固定搭配，不定式作后置定语，所以填to
concentrate。
8．答案与解析：truly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词，修饰动词benefit，所以填truly。
9．答案与解析：curiosity 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为名词，作介词about的宾语，所以填curiosity。
10．答案与解析：where 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语，结合语境可知，此处表示这些就是我们想让新闻工作者投入精力之所在，所以填where。
Test
2
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会生活——北京大兴国际机场
[文章大意] 北京大兴国际机场于2019年9月25日正式开放运营，之后就迎来了很大的客流量。拥有尖端技术和智能服务，北京大兴国际机场有望成为世界上最繁忙、最先进的机场之一。
1．答案与解析：as 考查介词。know...
as...“将……称为，把……叫做”是固定搭配，所以填as。
2．答案与解析：newly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词，修饰过去分词opened，在句子中作状语，所以填newly。
3．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。根据本句中的数字“4,513”可知，此处表示数量，应用the
number
of表示，所以填the。
4．答案与解析：had 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，空处作谓语，又根据该句中的“was”可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，所以填had。
5．答案与解析：entering 考查with复合结构。分析句子成分可知，此处属于with复合结构“with＋名词/代词＋分词/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词”。又“a
total
of
around
85,000
people”和enter构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以填
entering。
6．答案与解析：and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，“look
at
the
airport's
striking
architecture”和“admire
its
beautiful
artwork”为并列关系，应用连词and。
7．答案与解析：safety 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处被定冠词the修饰，并结合其后的介词短语“of
passengers”可知，空处应用名词，所以填safety。
8．答案与解析：to
avoid 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为动词不定式短语作目的状语，所以填to
avoid。
9．答案与解析：is
expected 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子成分可知，空处为句子的谓语，又与句子主语“Beijing
Daxing
International
Airport”构成被动关系，故用被动语态，即be＋done，又根据下句中的“aims”可知，此处应用一般现在时，所以填is
expected。
10．答案与解析：busiest 考查形容词的最高级。根据空后的“and”可知，此处与“most
advanced”并列，也应用形容词的最高级形式作定语修饰airports，所以填busiest。
