长难句初级演练
Round
1
第一组
【例句1】
And
there
are
the
townsfolk
who
largely
live
off
the
tourists
who
come,
not
to
see
the
plays,but
to
look
at
Anne
Hathaways
Cottage,
Shakespeares
birthplace
and
the
other
sights.
?
【例句翻译】
靠游客谋生的市民，游客来到小镇不是为了看戏，而是想看看安妮·海瑟薇的房舍、莎士比亚的出生地和其他的风景点。
?
【例句分析】
本句虽短，但是包含定语从句who
largely
live
off
the
tourists
修饰the
townsfolk，而该定语从句的宾语the
tourists的后面又跟了另一个定语从句。注意，不能把not
to
see
the
plays的主语看作是the
townsfolk，这里not
to
see
the
plays只是作为插入语。
?
【词语点拨】
★
largely
意为“在很大程度上，主要地”。
He
owed
his
success?largely?to
the
support
of
his
wife.
他的成功在很大程度上应归于妻子的支持。
?
★
live
off
有两个意思，分别是“住在……外”或“靠……生活”。
The
family
used
to?live
off?the
small
pocket
of
land
they
owned.
这家人过去靠着自家的一小块土地过日子。
Some
college
students
have
chosen
to?live
off?the
campus.?
有些学生选择住在校外。
【例句2】
It
is
the
playgoers,
the
RSC（皇家莎士比亚戏剧公司）
contends,
who
bring
in
much
of
the
towns
revenue
because
they
spend
the
night
(some
of
them
four
or
five
nights)
pouring
cash
into
the
hotels
and
restaurants.
?
【例句翻译】
皇家莎士比亚戏剧公司说，游客给小镇带来了很大一部分收入，因为他们过夜（有些人甚至住上四五夜），把大把的钱花在旅馆和餐馆。
?
【例句分析】
这是一个主从复合句。句中含有who引导的定语从句修饰the
playgoers；同时，又含有because引导的原因状语从句。
the
RSC?contends是插入语，使句子更加地道本土化。本句的正常语序是The
RSC
contends
it
is
the
playgoers…。
【词语点拨】
★
contend?
v.
竞争；奋争；主张；声明
contend
with
对付
The
defense?contended?that
the
evidence
was
inadmissible.被告方声称证据是不可接受的。
I
had
to?contend
with?long
lines
before
I
could
get
a
taxi
at
the
airport.
我在机场必须排着长队才上了一出租车。
Hilary
Clinton
may?contend?in
the
2008
presidential
race
against
a
Republican.
希拉里·克里顿会在2008年的总统选举中与一位共和党人一争高下。
★?bring
in
引进；带来；生产
How
much
did
the
sideline?bring?the
farmer
family
in
last
year?
去年副业使这家农户增加了多少收入?
The
sale?brought?us
in
over
$1,
000.
那笔买卖使我们赚了一千多美元。
第二组
【例句1】
Surely
we're
still?better
off?than
those
who?wear
rags
and
sleep
on
the
streets
or
in?vacant?buildings,?but?there
is
a
growing
resistance
to
this
consuming
society
which
is
especially
affecting
the
youth
today
with
their
computers,
i-pads,
designer
clothes
and
mobile
phones.
【例句翻译】
当然，我们比那些穿着破衣烂衫、睡在大街上或者空置的大楼里的人的生活要好得多，但是现在的年轻人特别容易受到电脑、i-pad随身听、名牌服装和移动电话等的影响，所以越来越多的人开始抵制这种消费社会。
【例句分析】
全句的主干是一个由but连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有than引导的比较状语从句，修饰better
off。第二个分句的主句是there
be…，其后是which引导的定语从句，修饰前面的society。
【词语点拨】
★
well
off?
?
?adj.富有的；走运的（better
off
是well
off的比较级）?
Jack
has
just
bought
another
new
car,
so
he
must
be
verywell
off.?
杰克刚又买了一辆新车，所以他一定很富裕。
★
vacant
adj.
空虚的；空的；
There
are
some?vacant?offices
on
the
third
floor.
三楼有几间空闲的办公室。
【例句2】
In
a
more
recent
study,
Berninger
looked
at
what
role
spelling
plays
in
a
student's
writing
skills
and
found
that
how
well
children
spell
is
tied
to
how
well
they
can
write.
【例句翻译】
在最近的一个研究中，贝尔宁格了解了拼写在一个学生的写作技巧中扮演着什么角色，并且发现孩子拼写的好坏与写作的好坏是有联系的。
【例句分析】
本句包含多个宾语从句，what
role
spelling
plays…作looked
at
的宾语；that
how
well
children
spell…作found
的宾语，在本句中how
well
children
spell又作该宾语从句的主语，换句话说，就是宾语从句中又包含了一个主语从句，how
well
they
can
write作
is
tied
to
的宾语。
【词语点拨】
★
play
a
role
in?
在……中起作用，扮演……角色
Farming?plays
an
important
role?in
the
country's
economy.
农业对该国经济起着重要作用。
He?played
a
role?in
the
play,
which
made
his
mother
happy.
他在剧中扮演了一个角色，这让他的妈妈很开心。
★
tie
n.领带，联系?
vt.（用带、绳、线等）系，栓
has/have
close
ties
with
与…有密切联系
The
firm?has
close
ties?with?an
American
corporation.
这家商行与一家美国公司关系密切。
It
took
him
a
long
time
to?tie?the
horse
to
the
tree.
他花费了很长时间才把马拴在了树上。
Round
2
第一组
【例句1】
Their
methods
do
not
attempt
to
estimate
the
actual
biomass
(the
amount
of
living
biological
matter)
of
fish
species
in
particular
parts
of
the
ocean,
but
rather
changes
in
that
biomass（生物量）over
time.
?
【例句翻译】
他们的方法并不是要评估特定海域鱼种的实际生物量，而是评估在这一段时间内生物量的变化。
?
【例句分析】
这是一个简单句，但是有两个宾语，一是?to?estimate?the
actual
biomass
of
fish
species
in
particular
parts
of
the
ocean，二是changes
in
that
biomass
over
time。第二个宾语用了省略结构，完整的应该是?to
estimate
changes
in
that
biomass……。
?
【词语点拨】
★
rather
adv.
宁愿；有点，相当
I'd?rather?stay
at
home.?
?我宁愿呆在家里。
He
is?rather?lazy.
他相当懒。
有时rather在句中表示转折，或者对前文进行纠正。
There
are
five,?rather?six,
persons
killed
in
the
traffic
accident.
在这场车祸中，应该是6人死亡，而不是5人。
【例句2】
The
notion
is
that
people
have
failed
to
detect
the
massive
changes
which
have
happened
in
the
ocean
because
they
have
been
looking
back
only
a
relatively
short
time
into
the
past.
?
【例句翻译】
这种概念是，人们没有能够发觉海洋中所发生的巨大变化，因为他们只是关注了过去相对短暂的一段时间里所发生的情况。
?
【例句分析】
本句主干为：The
notion
is
sth.
其中包含了
that引导的表语从句people
have
failed
to
detect
the
massive
changes，而表语从句中又包含which引导的定语从句修饰changes，后半个句子是because引导的原因状语从句。
?
【词语点拨】
★
detect
v.
察觉,
发现,
侦查,
探测
She
was
surprised
to?detect?hatred
behind
his
smile.
她吃惊地觉察到他的笑容背后竟然藏着仇恨。
The
dentist
could?detect?no
sign
of
decay
in
her
teeth.
牙医在她的牙齿上找不到蛀蚀的迹象。
The
policeman?detected?the
presence
of
the
criminal
in
the
hall.
警察感觉罪犯就在大厅里。
第二组
【例句1】
This
crocodile
moves
very
quickly?when?it
sees?something?it
considers
to
be
food,?and?from
time
to
time?a
crocodile
has?
snatched?someone?before?he
or
she
is
even?aware
that
the
crocodile
is
there.
【例句翻译】
当这种鳄鱼看到某个东西并认为是食物的时候，它就会迅速行动，就这样时常捕获那些还未来得及察觉到鳄鱼的人。
【例句分析】
整个句子的主干是and连接的两个并列分句。第一分句中含有when引导的时间状语从句，而状语从句也是复合句，包含一个省略了引导词that的定语从句，来修饰something。而第二分句中含有before引导的时间状语从句，在时间状语从句中形容词aware后接that引导的宾语从句。
【词语点拨】
★
from
time
to
time
adv.
有时；不时
The
temper
gets
the
best
of
him?from
time
to
time.?
他有时控制不住脾气。
★
snatch?n.抢夺?v.夺取；抓住；抓取（粗暴、不礼貌，强调动作）
The
thief
made
a?snatch?at
the
woman's
purse.
小偷试图抢夺那女的钱包。
He?snatched?up
his
gun
and
fired.
他突然拿起枪来射击。
【例句2】
It
so
happened
that
in
this
village
there
were
many
shoemakers
who
were
spending
a
lot
of
money
to
buy
tacks
for
their
shoes
and
even
at
times
when
they
paid
high
prices
they
were
not
always
able
to
get
what
they
wanted,
because
in
that
part
of
the
country
there
was
a
high
demand
for
soldiers'
shoes.
【例句翻译】
碰巧在这个村庄有很多的鞋匠花很多钱去买鞋钉，并且甚至有时他们花高价也并不总能够买到他们想要的东西，因为在那个国家急需士兵的鞋。
【例句分析】
本句包含一个it作形式主语的主语从句，真正主语是that
in
this
village
there
were
many…；在该主语从句中who
were
spending
a
lot
of
money…是定语从句，修饰先行词shoemakers；when
they
paid
high
prices是定语从句修饰先行词
times;
what
they
wanted作动词get
的宾语。
【词语点拨】
★
It
(so)
happens
that…碰巧，偶然?
?
?
?happen
to
do
sth
碰巧?
It
so
happened?that?I
had
no
money
with
me.
不巧我身上没带钱。
Do
you?happen
to?know
what's
on
after
the
news?
你知道新闻之后是什么节目吗？
★
demand
n.需要，需求?
vt.
(强烈)要求
（后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，should+do,should
可以省略）
The?demand?for
natural
resources
is
becoming
an
increasingly
serious
problem
for
the?future
of
mankind.
对于未来的人类，对自然资源的需求正成为一个日益严峻的问题。
When
your
child?demands?that
you
(should)
buy
something,
explain
why
you
really
don’t
want
to
buy
it.
当孩子要求你买东西时，要向他解释为什么你不想买。
Round
3
第一组
【例句1】
Many
things
make
people
think
artists
are
weird.
But
the
weirdest
may
be
this:
artist's
only
job
is
to
explore
emotions,
and
yet
they
choose
to
focus
on
the
ones
that
feel
bad.
?
【例句翻译】
许多事情让人们觉得艺术家是怪人，而最古怪的事情也许就是：艺术家的唯一工作就是探索情感，而他们所关注的却又是那些令人不快的情感。
?
【例句分析】
本句相对来说，比较好理解，是两个简单句。但是要注意句子中比较不明显的从句的存在，即think后的宾语从句?artists
are
weird，以及the
ones
后的定语从句?that
feel
bad，翻译和理解的时候都要注意。
?
【词语点拨】
★
explore?
v.考究；探索；探讨
Scientists
have
been
known
to?explore?in
this
region
of
the
earth.
科学家们一直在考察这一地域。
We
must?explore?all
the
possibilities
for
the
solution
of
the
problem.
我们必须探讨解决这个问题的所有可能性。
?
★
focus?
n.焦点?
?
v.
重视；关注
Because
of
his
strange
clothes,
he
immediately
became
the?focus?of
attention
when
he
entered
the
office.
他由于服装奇特，一走进办公室便成了大家注意的中心。
You
must
try
to?focus?your
mind?on?work
and
study.
你应该努力把思想集中在工作和学习上。
【例句2】
Media
reports
said
that
the
House
would
meet
and
discuss
a
surveyor's
report
which
recommends
lawmakers
move
out
from
the
Big
Ben
for
repairs
costing
up
to
one
billion
pounds,
while
the
Daily
Telegraph
said
that
another
proposal
might
be
to
sell
to
Russian
or
Chinese
developers
for
about
500
million
pounds.
?
【例句翻译】
媒体报道说议院将开会讨论一份检测官的报告，这份报告建议立法者搬出去，以便对大本钟进行维修，花费达10亿英镑，而《每日电讯报》则称另一个建议是以5亿英镑的价格卖给俄罗斯或中国的开发者。
【例句分析】
本句包含两个宾语从句，that
the
House
would
meet
and
discuss…
作Media
reports?said的宾语；that
another
proposal
might
be…作the
Daily
Telegraph
said的宾语。同时，第一个宾语从句中又包含一个which引导的定语从句，修饰report。
【词语点拨】
★
recommend
vt.
推荐,
介绍；劝告，建议
I?recommend?this
book?to?anyone
with
an
interest
in
art.
我把这本书推荐给对艺术感兴趣的人。
They
have?recommended?that
the
site
(should)
be
closed
and
repaired.
他们已经提出关闭这个遗址并进行维修的建议。
★
up
to?
达到；直到；该由；
Up
to?now,
I've
understand
everything
the
teacher's
said.
到现在，我已经理解了老师所讲的全部内容。
It's?up
to?you
to
find
out
what
your
goals
really
are.
你真正的目标是什么只能由你来决定。
★
proposal
n.建议，提议
（后面从句一般用虚拟语气，should+do，
should可省略）
He
made
a?proposal?that
the
meeting
(should)
be
postponed.
他提议会议延期。
第二组
【例句1】
The
researchers?said
that
among
the
problems
with
some
earlier
studies
is
that?they
often
failed?to
take
into
account?that
those
people
most
at
risk
for
skin
cancer
--
people
with
fair
skin
and
freckles
(雀斑),
for
example
--
are
more
likely
to
use
sunscreen.
【例句翻译】
研究人员说早期的研究有一些问题，其中一个就是他们没能考虑到有皮肤癌危险的人—皮肤白皙且有雀斑的人—更可能使用防晒霜。
【例句分析】
本句中
that
among
the
problems…作said
的宾语；that
they
often
failed
to…是表语从句，表语从句中又含有一个宾语从句，that
those
people
most
at
risk…作take
into
account
的宾语。
【词语点拨】
★
take
sth
into
account
/
take
account
of
sth
考虑到，把……考虑进去
One
must?take
the
audience
into
account?when
making
speeches.
演讲时要考虑听众。
The
company?takes
account
of?environmental
issues
wherever
possible.
只要有可能，这家公司都会考虑到环境问题。
★
at
risk
(from/
of
)
有危险
If
we
go
to
war,
innocent
lives
will
be
put?at
risk.
如果我们发动战争，无辜的生命就会受到威胁。
The
water
level
has
risen
so
high
in
several
places
that
many
homes
are?at
risk
from?flooding.
一些地方水位升高，很多房子都有被洪水淹没的危险。
?
【例句2】
Fans?used
to?be
crazy
about
a
specific
film,
but
now
the
public
tends
to
base
its
consumption
on
the
interest
of
celebrity
attached
to?any
given
product.
【例句翻译】
粉丝过去会为一部具体的电影而疯狂，但是现在，公众的消费倾向于建立在对名人的兴趣上，这些名人与某种指定的产品有联系。
【例句分析】
本句是并列连词
but
连接的表转折含义的并列句，attached
to…作后置定语修饰celebrity。
【词语点拨】
★
used
to
过去经常，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，后接动词原形。
其否定式为：used(n)'t
to/
didn't
use
to；
be/get
used
to
习惯于，其中的
to
是介词，后接名词或动名词。
如：
His
uncle?used
to?live?in
Paris.
他的叔叔过去一直住在巴黎。
Nancy?usedn't
/didn't
use
to?eat?so
many
sweet
things.
南希过去不常吃那么多的甜食。
You?used
to
play?basketball,
usedn't
/didn't
you?
你过去常打篮球，是吗?
Charles?is
used
to?looking
after?himself.
查尔斯习惯于自己照顾自己。
★?attach
vt.
缚上；系上；附加；连接；
①attach
oneself
to?
依附；热爱，依恋
②
be
attached
to?
连在……上，附属于；热爱，依恋
③attach
importance
to?
认为……重要
如：
Attach?a
stamp?to?the
envelope
and
mail
the
letter.
把邮票贴在信封上，把信寄出去。
The
cities?attach
great
importance
to?the
pollution
problem.
这些城市非常重视污染问题。
A
couple
should
be
deeply?attached
to?each
other.
夫妻应该相亲相爱。
The
little
girl?attached?herself
to?her
English
teacher.
这个小姑娘非常喜欢她的英语老师。
翻译练习
题型:
任务型阅读
难度:?
准确率:
61.98%
题1
You
can
seldom
see
homeless
people
on
the
street.So
what
could
you
do
if
you
want
to
help
them?
Here
are
some
ways.
Donate(捐赠)
money.The
easiest
way
to
help
the
homeless
is
to
donate
your
money.When
you
want
to
do
that,you
can
donate
your
money
to
local
organizations.Most
charity
organizations
know
where
the
most
help
is
needed.
Donate
things.Donating
your
used
or
new
things
is
another
easy
way
to
help.Donate
these
things
to
local
organizations
which
help
the
homeless
or
give
them
to
homeless
people
you
see
often.The
best
things
to
donate
include
things
like:professional
clothing,new
socks…
Provide
food.①There
are
lots
of
ways
that
you
can
help
homeless
people
get
food.You
can
donate
fresh
fruits
and
vegetables
to
local
soup
kitchens.You
can
also
drop
off
bananas,apples,or
sandwiches.
Call
emergency(紧急)services.If
you
see
someone
who
may
be
a
danger
to
themselves
or
others,call
emergency
services.②If
someone
is
clearly
having
a
serious
problem
call
for
help
also.
If
someone
is
in
danger
because
of
weather
conditions,call
Emergency
Services
also.
(1)
What
is
the
easiest
way
to
help
the
homeless?
(2)
Where
can
you
donate
your
used
or
new
things?
(3)
将短文中画线①的句子译成汉语。
(4)
将短文中画线②的句子译成汉语。
(5)
请给短文拟一个适当的标题.
隐藏答案
1.
答案
The
easiest
way
to
help
the
homeless
is
to
donate
(your/my/our)money./To
donate(your/my/our)money.
解析
细节理解题。根据文中第二段Donate
(捐赠)
money.The
easiest
way
to
help
the
homeless
is
to
donate
your
money.可知，帮助无家可归者最简单的方法就是捐钱。故填The
easiest
way
to
help
the
homeless
is
to
donate
money.
2.
答案
You/I/We
can
donate
your/my/our
used
or
new
things
to
local
organizations./Local
organizations.
解析
细节理解题。根据文中第三段的you
can
donate
your
money
to
local
organizations.可知，是地方组织。故填Local
organizations.
3.
答案
有许多你/你们能帮助无家可归的人获取/得到食物的方法。
解析
翻译题。There
are
lots
of
ways
that
you
can
help
homeless
people
get
food.这里是there
be句型；lots
of
ways许多方式；that
you
can
help
homeless
people
get
food.在这里是定语从句，修饰ways，help
homeless
people
get
food表示帮助无家可归的人们得到食物。故填有许多你们能帮助无家可归的人获取食物的方法。
4.
答案
如果有人明显地有严重的问题，也要寻求帮助。
解析
翻译题。If
someone
is
clearly
having
a
serious
problem,call
for
help
also.这里是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时态。have
a
serious
problem表示有严重问题；clearly副词，清晰地，call
for
help表示寻求帮助。
5.
答案
Some/The
ways
to
help
homeless
people/the
homeless/How
to
help
homeless
people/the
homeless.
解析
主旨大意题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了帮助无家可归的人们的方式。故填The
way
to
help
homeless
people.3个步骤初探长难句
英语学习中，特别是阅读理解中，“长难句”最麻烦。但是，对于长难句也并非无计可施，我们可以通过分析英语句子中的重要特点，即“三长两短一并列”，江湖人称“括号法”，帮助同学们轻松解决长难句问题！
什么是“三长两短一并列”
我们先来看两句话：
①
我是李华。(I
am
Li
Hua.)?
②
我爱你。(I
love
you.
)?
这两句话中只有“主干成分”而没有“修饰成分”。像这样的句子，中文和英文的“语序”(单词排列顺序)
基本是一致的，都是“主-系-表”或者“主-谓-宾”，理解起来非常容易。
然而，加上修饰成分后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生变化。来看两个例子：
①
我是安徽的李华。(
I
am
Li
Hua
from
Anhui.
)
②
我全心全意地爱你。(
I
love
you
with
all
my
heart.
)?
从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。
例如：After
chatting
with
Laura
on
this
matter
for
two
hours
from
2:00
to
4:00
in
the
afternoon,
I
returned
to
my
office.?
这个句子中含有大量的“介词短语”这种修饰成分。我们给这个句子中的全部介词短语加上括号，该句就会变成：
(After
chatting)?(with
Laura)?(on
this
matter)?(for
two
hours)?(from
2:00)?(to
4:00)?(in
the
afternoon),
I
returned(to
my
office).?
此时大家便可发现，这个句子虽然很长，但是真正的主干其实只有
I
returned
两个单词而已。可见，介词短语正是让英语句子变得又长又难的原因之一！
当然，以上几个句子还比较简单（少量介词短语对句意理解的影响不大），但是，当句子中出现更多类似介词短语的修饰成分时，可想而知，由于中英文语序的不同，英文句子会变得“面目全非”，令人难以理解。由此看来，英语中灵活多变的修饰成分正是造成英语句子又长又难的头号罪犯，只要搞定这些修饰部分，就能搞定英语长难句。
幸运的是，尽管这些修饰成分数量很多、位置也不好把握，但是，它们的种类却是非常固定的。我们可以将这些修饰成分总结为“三长两短”。
“三长”：就是构成长难句的三种较长修饰成分(即介词短语、从句、非谓语动词短语)；
“两短”：指的是镶嵌于句子之中的、会稍稍提高句子复杂度的两种较短修饰成分(即形容词、副词)。
“平行并列结构”：是由一些并列关系的连词
(and、or、as
well
as等)
将句子变长的重要手段。
事实上，再长的句子都是由非常简单的主干成分（主干成分的基本语序和中文语序一致，此外还有若干与中文语序不一致的“特殊句型”，如there
be句型、It
is
adj.
for
sb.
to
do句型、倒装句型、强调句型等等）再加上这“三长两短一并列”而组成的。
细说“三长”
介词短语
【定义】
从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。
【起止标识】
标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。如：at
home、in
the
school、in
the
beautiful
park、during
my
happy
childhood、over
the
last
few
years、for
three
weeks
【例句】
1.
（After
chatting）
（with
Laura）（on
this
matter）（for
two
hours）
（from
2:00
to
4:00）（in
the
afternoon）,?I
returned?（to
my
office）.
2.This
trend?（during
the
Second
World
War?）when
several
governments
came
to
the
conclusion
that
the
specific
demands
cannot
generally
be
foreseen
（in
detail?）began.
3.Vitamins
are
organic
compounds?necessary
（in
small
amounts）（?in
the
diet）（?for
the
normal
growth
and
maintenance
of
life
of
animals）.
三大从句
【定义】
从句是复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等关系词引导的非主句部分。
【起止标识】
标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。
①
到句尾终止，如：Li
Hui
is
a
teacher?(who
teaches
English).
②
到句中的逗号终止，如：(When
I
was
young),
I
listened
to
the
radio.
③
到下一个修饰成分终止，如：I
will
invite
Yao
Ming?(who
was
a
top
basketball
player)?to
Beijing.?(to
Beijing是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分，故从句的标记在此处终止)
④
到下一个谓语动词终止，如Yao
Ming?(who
was
a
top
basketball
player)?is
studying
in
Shanghai.
【例句】
1.
Online
culture
thinks
highly
of
the
notion
（that
the
information
flowing
onto
the
screen
comes
there
by
specific
request）.
[参考译文]
网络文化非常推崇这样一种理念：出现在用户屏幕上的信息应该是根据用户特定要求发送过来的。
[结构分析]
本句的主干是Online
culture
thinks
highly
of
the
notion
that...，其中notion后面的that引导一个同位语从句，说明notion的具体内容；同位语从句的主干是the
information...comes
there...，其中flowing
onto
the
screen作定语，修饰the
information，句末的by
specific
request作状语，修饰come
there。
2.
Consumers
seem
only
concerned,
not
panicked,
and
many
（say
they
remain
optimistic
about
the
economy's
long-term
prospects）,
even
as
they
do
some
modest
belt
tightening.
[参考译文]
消费者们看上去只是有点担心，而没有恐慌，很多消费者说尽管他们正在把开支紧缩一点，但是他们对经济的长期前景仍然保持乐观。
[结构分析]
本句是以and连接的并列句，其中第二个分句的主干是many
say...，say后面的部分是宾语从句，其中还包含一个as引导的让步状语从句。
非谓语动词
【定义】
非谓语动词是指动词在句子中"不是谓语"时的几种变化形式，主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类。非谓语动词不能独立作谓语，而是充当句子的其他成分。由非谓语动词开头的、表示一个独立、完整的含义的结构叫做非谓语动词短语。
【起止标识】
标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(to
do)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。
①
到句尾终止，如：Li
Hui
is
a
teacher
(teaching
English).
②
到句中的逗号终止，如：(To
improve
my
English),
I
often
listen
to
the
English
radio.
③
到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Jack
walked
into
the
hall,
(waving)
to
the
audience.
(to
the
audience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。)
④
到下一个谓语动词终止，如：We,
(singing
a
happy
song),
rode
to
school.
小议“两短”
形容词
【定义】
形容词是指用来修饰名词的单词，往往带有-ous、-y、-ful、-able等后缀。
【常见位置】
①
一般置于名词之前，如
a?beautiful?park
。
②
修饰不定代词
(something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody)
时置于不定代词之后，如“一些有趣的事”应译为
something?interesting。
副词
【定义】
副词用来修饰形容词、动词等词，往往带有-ly等后缀。
【常见位置】
英语中，副词的用法比形容词灵活得多。
①
可置于整句之前，如：Unfortunately,
he
failed
to
make
it.
②
可置于整句之后，如：The
teacher
greets
his
students
individually.
③
可置于“助动词、系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前”。
例如：
The
princess
looks?extremely?beautiful
today.?（形容词前）
He?immediately?saw
the
black
cat.?(实义动词之前)
He
has?undoubtedly?fallen
in
love
with
the
princess.?(助动词之后，实义动词之前)
He
can?hardly?speak
anything.?(情态动词之后，实义动词之前)
④
可置于形容词或副词之前，如：There
is
an
extremely
beautiful
garden
in
our
campus.
从上面的分析可以看出，虽然英文中形容词和副词的在句中的位置和中文略有不同，但一般情况下，它们较短且易于辨识，对句意理解影响不大，因此在给修饰成分做标记时，形容词和副词可不标记。
深究“并列”
【定义】
平行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两个以上含义相似、结构相同的并列项连接起来构成的结构。
【标记方法】
给平行并列结构做标记的要求是：给并列词加方框，给并列项加下划线。标记时要先找到并列词，然后再找并列项。由于英语中的修饰成分往往置于中心词之后，所以A和B两个并列项后面可能各自带有很长的尾巴，形成"A
…
and
B
…"的形式，导致A离and相对较远，不易辨认，而B通常离and很近，容易识别。找到B之后，利用A和B结构相同、含义相似的原则，很容易将A确定出来。
【常见的并列关系】
英语中可以并列的成分有很多，读句子时要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。
①
名词并列：I
like?the
box?placed
on
the
desk?and?the
flowers?in
your
hand.
②
形容词并列：Mr.
Smith
is?a
kind,
patient?andknowledgeable?English
teacher.
③
副词并列：You
are
supposed
to
answer
the
following
questions?quickly?and?accurately.
④
谓语动词并列：With
the
Internet,
people
can
not
onlyplay?computer
games?but?also?do?online
shopping.
⑤
介词短语并列：And
that
government
of
the
people,?by
the
people?and?for
the
people?shall
not
perish
from
the
earth.
⑥
从句并列：?I've
finished
reading
the
book?(which
is
written
by
Mo
Yan)?and?(which
you
lent
me
last
month).
⑦
非谓语动词并列：Singing?and?laughing,
we
headed
to
the
park.
⑧
整句并列：The
children
can
go
with
us?or?they
can
stay
at
home.
实例解析
实例
1
(1)The
change
met
the
technical
requirements
of
the
new
age
by
engaging
a
large
professional
element
and
prevented
the
decline
in
efficiency
that
so
commonly
spoiled
the
fortunes
of
family
firms
in
the
second
and
third
generation
after
the
energetic
founders.
[参考译文]
通过雇用大量的职业人才，这一变化满足了新时代的技术要求，防止了效率下降——在过去，这种效率下降经常使家族公司在充满活力的创业者之后的第二代或第三代毁掉全部财产。
[结构分析]
本句是一个并列句，以and连接；第一个分句的主干是The
change
met
the
technical
requirements...，后面的介词结构
by
engaging
a
large
professional
element作状语，说明met
the
technical
requirements
of
the
new
age的方式；第二个分句的主干是(the
change)
prevented
the
decline
in
efficiency，后面的that引导的定语从句修饰decline
in
efficiency。注意：engage
此处的意思是“雇，聘”。
实例
2
(2)
A
survey
of
news
stories
in
1996
reveals
that
the
anti-science
tag
has
been
attached
to
many
other
groups
as
well,
from
authorities
who
advocated
the
elimination
of
the
last
remaining
stocks
of
smallpox
virus
to
Republicans
who
advocated
decreased
funding
for
basic
research.
[参考译文]
1996年进行的一项新闻调查表明，反科学的标签还被贴在其他许多团体身上——从主张消灭最后剩下的各种天花病毒的机构，到主张减少基础研究经费的共和党人。
[结构分析]
本句的主干是A
survey...reveals
that...，主语是survey，谓语是reveals，后面的that引导一个宾语从句，其主干是：the
anti-science
tag
has
been
attached
to
many
other
groups
as
well，后面的部分是
from
和
to
连接的两个名词：from
authorities...to
Republicans...，说明other
groups的内容，而两个名词后面各自带一个定语从句，都由who引导。长难句拔高体验
本节资料难度五颗星，同学们做好心理准备了吗？来挑战一下自己吧！
Round
1?
第一组
【例句1】
?His
function
is
analogous
（类似的）to
that
of
a
judge,
who
must
accept
the
obligation
of
revealing?
in
an
obvious?matter?the
course
of
reasoning
which
led
him
to
his
decision.
?
【例句翻译】
他的职责与法官的职责相似，必须承担这样的责任：用明显的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
?
【例句分析】
句子的主干是His
function
is
analogous
to
that
of
a
judge，后面是一个定语从句，修饰a
judge，说明法官的职责是什么。注意revealing
的宾语是the
course
of
reasoning（推理的过程），which
led
him
to
his
decision是the
course
of
reasoning的定语，而in
an
obvious?matter是作状语。
?
【词语点拨】
★
obligation?
n.职责，义务
We
have
a?moral?obligation?to
protect
the
environment.?
我们有道义责任保护环境。
?
★
in
an
obvious
matter?
?明显地，显然地
They
cannot
pretend
ignorance?in
an
obvious
matter.
他们显然不能假装一无所知。
【例句2】
Although
today
we
are
more
accustomed
to
typing
a
few
key
words
into
a
search
engine
and
waiting
for
the
Internet
to
spit
the
answer
out
for
us,
modern
scientists
and
thinkers
are
still
solving
the
world's
problems
with
this
type
of
analysis——luckily
for
us.
【例句翻译】
虽然今天我们更习惯于在一个搜索引擎里打出几个关键词，然后等待互联网为我们吐出答案，但是现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世界的问题---这对我们来说很幸运。
【例句分析】
该句是由although引导的让步状语从句和后面的主句组成的复合句。从句中谓语动词are?more
accustomed
to接两个v-ing形式由and连接起来。
【词语点拨】
★
be
/
get
accustomed
to习惯于（做）某事（~
to
+名词/动名词）
You
will
soon?get
accustomed
to?the
climate
here.?
你会很快习惯这里的气候的。
★
analysis?n.分析；解析?
??
?
?
?analyze?
v.分析；解析
We
agreed
with
his
acute?analysis?of
the
political
situation.
我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。
第二组
【例句1】
?I
have
excluded
him
because,
while
his
accomplishments
may
contribute
to
the
solution
of
moral
problems,
he
has
not
been
charged
with
the
task
of
approaching
any
but
the
factual
aspects
of
those
problems.
?
【例句翻译】
我之所以把他排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实层面。
?
【例句分析】
主句是I
have
excluded
him，从句是原因状语从句，而because原因状语从句又包含一个主从结构，其主句是he
has
not
been
charged…
those
problems，从句是while
his
accomplishments…
moral
problems。the
task
of
approaching
any实际表示the
task
of
approaching
any
moral
problems
but
the
factual
aspects
of
those
problems，即他所承担的任务不是解决任何道德问题，而是处理（研究）这些问题的事实层面。
?
【词语点拨】
★
to
be
charged
with?
?
被控；承担，负责
He?was
charged
with?lying
to
federal
officers.?
他被控向联邦官员撒谎。
He?was
charged
with?the
responsibility
of
designing
all
new
public
buildings.?
他负责设计所有新建的公共建筑。
?
★
approach
v.
接近；处理
The
officials
in
Hubei
knew
disaster
was?approaching.?
?湖北的政府官员知道灾难即将到来。
How
should
I?approach?the
issue
and
solve
it??
?我该怎么处理并解决这一问题呢？
【例句2】
And
with
doubtful
prospects
for
a
short-term
financial
return,
with
the
cold
war
a
rapidly
fading
memory
and
amid
a
growing
emphasis
on
international
cooperation
in
large
space
ventures,
it
is
clear
that
imperatives
other
than
profits
or
nationalism
will
have
to
compel
human
beings
to
leave
their
tracks
on
the
planet's
reddish
surface.
?
【例句翻译】
由于短期经济回报有疑问、冷战在人们记忆中迅速消失，以及越来越强调在大型空间探险中的国际合作；很清楚的是，迫使人类在那个红色星球表面留下足迹的不是经济利益或国家利益，而是必须履行的使命。
【例句分析】
句子的主干是it
is
clear
that
imperatives
will
have
to
compel
human
beings
to
leave
tracks
on
the
planet's
reddish
surface.
两个with分别引导两个伴随状语。??
【词语点拨】
doubtful?
?
imperative
adj.
可疑的；不能确定的
n.
必要的事；命令；使命
prospect
track
n.
前途；预期
n.
轨道；足迹
venture
reddish?
n.
冒险旅行；（有风险的）企业
adj.
微红的；红色的
★
compel??vt.
强迫，迫使
Last
year,
ill
health?compelled?his
retirement.?
去年他因身体不好被迫退休了。
Round
2
第一组
【例句1】
They
believe
(that)
their
dance
with
each
sacred
moment
of
life
is
a
gift
and
that
storms
are
a
natural
part
of
life
which
can
bring
the
rain
needed
for
emotional
and
spiritual
growth.
【例句翻译】
他们相信他们与每一个神圣时刻的舞蹈都是生命的一个礼物，风暴是生活中很自然的一部分，它为情感和心灵的成长带来雨水的滋润。
【例句分析】
本句包含两个并列的宾语从句和一个定语从句，their
dance
with…与that
storms
are…两个并列的宾语从句，作believe?的宾语；which
can
bring…引导定语从句，修饰先行词storms。??
【词语点拨】
★
gift
n.
礼物，赠品?
?n.天赋，天资，才能
have
a
gift
for?
在……有天赋
One
of
my
wonderful
memories
is
about
a
Christmas?gift.?
我最美好的记忆之一是关于圣诞礼物的。
I've
always
been
able
to
learn
languages
easily,
beacaue
I?have
a
gift
for?it.
我学习语言一向是轻而易举，因为这是天赋。
★
sacred
adj.
神的；神圣的
?The
owl
is?sacred?for
many
Californian
Indian
people.?
?猫头鹰对于很多加利福尼亚的印第安人来说是神圣的。
【例句2】
Now
scientists
believe
that?this
peak
could
result
in
vast
solar
explosions
that
could
throw
billions
of
tons
of
charged
matter
towards
the
earth,
causing?strong
solar
storms
that?could
jam
the
telecommunications
satellites
and
internet
links
sending
live
Olympic
broadcast
from
London.
【例句翻译】
如今科学家认为这次（太阳风暴）的高峰会导致产生大量的爆炸物，它们会向地球抛出数十亿吨的带电粒子（charged
matter），从而产生强烈的太阳风暴，这会干扰通信卫星和从伦敦发送奥运直播的网络连接。
【例句分析】
本句包含一个宾语从句，that
this
peak
could
result
in
…from
London
作believe
的宾语;
在该句中又含有两个定语从句，that
could
throw
billions
of
tons
of
…修饰先行词explosions,
that
could
jam
the
telecommunications
satellites…修饰先行词solar
storms。
同时，sending
live??Olympic
broadcast
from
London
是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的
internet
links
（网络连接）。
【词语点拨】
★
?result
in?造成，导致
?
?
?
result
from
因……发生；随……产生
His
hard
work?resulted
in?excellent
grades
in
his
exams.
他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。
Pollution
and
other
serious
problems
have
also?resulted
from?human
progress.
人类的发展引起了污染和其他严重的问题。
★
charge?
?vt.（向……）收费，开价；控告?
?
?n.费用；主管，负责
I
wonder
how
much
you?charge
for?your
services.
我想知道你们收取多少服务费。
She?is
charged?with?murdering
her
husband.
她被控告谋害亲夫。
Your
order
will
be
sent?free
of
charge.
你订的货物将免费运送。
Could
I
speak
to
whoever
is?in
charge?of?International
Sales
please?
我能同负责国际销售的主管谈谈吗？
第二组
【例句1】
A
temperature
increase
of
1°F
may
not
sound
like
a
lot,
but?if?we
continue
to
produce
carbon
dioxide
and
other
gases
in
such
huge
quantities,
we
are
condemning?life
on
Earth
and
should
expect
severe
consequences.
【例句翻译】
气温升高1华摄氏度听起来无所谓，但是如果我们继续制造如此多的的二氧化碳和其他气体，
我们将毁灭地球上的生命，后果将非常严重。
【例句分析】
该句主干是一个but连接的并列句，第二个分句又是一个由if引导的条件状语从句。
【词语点拨】
★
quantity
n.量；数量；大量
?
The
factory
turns
out
a
large?quantity?of
paper
products.?
这家工厂生产大量的纸制品。
★
condemn
vt.
谴责；判处
；迫使接受困境
We
must
not?condemn?her
on
pure
supposition.?
我们千万不能单凭猜测就谴责她。
★
consequence
n.结果；后果；影响
It
terrified
me
to
contemplate
the?consequence?of
your
action.?
一想到你行动的后果，我就感到害怕。?
【例句2】
That
matters
because
theory
suggests
that
the
maximum
sustainable
yield
that
can
be
cropped
from
a
fishery
comes
when
the
biomass
of
a
target
species
is
about
50%
of
its
original
levels.
?
【例句翻译】
这一点很重要，因为理论表明，当目标鱼种的生物量大致降至最初水平的50％时，渔场才能收获最大的持续捕鱼量。
?
【例句分析】
That
matters是全句的主干，后面是一个表示原因的从句，而从句又包含一个表示时间的状语从句。
?
【词语点拨】
★?yield
v.
生产，生长；屈从?
n.
产量；收益
The
door?yielded?to
a
gentle
push.?
轻轻一推，门就开了
The
child
pleaded,
but
the
parents
wouldn't?yield.?
孩子苦苦哀求，但父母就是不让步。
This
year's?yield?from
the
coal
mine
was
very
large.?
今年这煤矿产量甚丰。
?
★?crop
n.
农作物；产量?
?v.
收获，收割
crop
up?
突然出现；突然发生
A
difficulty
has?cropped
up?at
work.?
工作中突然出现困难。
★?matter?
?n.
物质；事件?
?
vi.
有关系；要紧
It
doesn't?matter?to
me
what
you
do.
你做什么我无所谓。
The
children?matter?more
to
her
than
anything
else
in
the
world.?
对于她来说，在这个世界上没有比孩子更重要的了。
Round
3
第一组
【例句1】
He
also
dismissd
concern
in
the
media
that
parliament
was
slipping
into
the
Thames,
while
the
commission's
spokesman
denied
that
the
walls
around
the
palace
were
suffering
from
a
particularly
bad
sinking
problem
causing
Big
Ben
to
lean.
【例句翻译】
他还摒除了媒体对议会会滑落到泰晤士河的顾虑，而委员会的发言人则否认是宫殿周围的墙受到严重的下沉，使得大本钟倾斜。
【例句分析】
本句包含一个同位语从句和一个宾语从句，that
parliament
was
slipping
into
the
Thames作concern
的同位语；that
the
walls
around
the
palace
were
suffering
from…作denied
的宾语。
【词语点拨】
★
concern
n.担心，忧虑?
?vt.与…有关，涉及，影响；使担心
Issues
like
food
safety
do?concern?me.
食品安全这类问题确实让我很担心。
On
the
whole
the
warming
of
the
earth
is
a
phenomenon
that
causes
great?concern.
总的说来，地球变暖现象引起了极大的忧虑。
This
chapter?concerns?itself?with?the
historical
background.
本章是关于历史背景的。
They
meet
every
summer
to
discuss
major
problems
that?concern?the
whole
world.
每年夏天他们都这类问题确实让我担心。
★
deny?
vt.否认，否定
deny
doing
sth
否定做某事
He?denied?taking
money
but
we
were
sceptical.
他否认收受了贿赂，但我们很怀疑。
I
never?deny?that
you're
a
great
intellect.
我从不否认你很有才智。
★
suffer
from
v.经历，遭受
He
is?suffering
from?the?loss
of
his
old
friend.
他正遭受失去朋友的痛苦。
【例句2】
Though
they
come
from
all
over,
they
all
seem
to
look
alike
(lean,
pointed,
dedicated
faces),
wearing
jeans
and
sandals,
eating
their
buns
and
bedding
down
for
the
night
on
the
flagstones
outside
the
theatre
to
buy
the
20
seats
and
80
standing
room
tickets
held
for
the
sleepers
and
sold
to
them
when
the
box
office
opens
at
10∶30
a.m.
?
【例句翻译】
他们长相一样（尽管他们来自四面八方）——瘦削、专注的面孔，穿着牛仔服和凉鞋，啃着面包，在剧院外的石板台阶上席地而卧，等着购买20张坐票和80张站票，这些戏票是剧院为席地而卧的人预备的，并在上午10∶30向他们出售。
?
【例句分析】
They
all
seem
to
look
alike是句子的主干结构，though
they
come
from
all
over是让步状语从句。括号中的成分是插入语，对they，即the
young
people
进一步加以说明。后面几个并列的现在分词短语wearing
、eating、bedding作伴随状语。
to
buy是动词不定式作目的状语，held
for
和sold
to
them是过去分词作后置定语修饰tickets。
?
【词语点拨】
★?pointed
adj.“尖的，尖削的”
a
pointed
nose?
?
尖鼻子
a
pointed
face?
?
?
尖脸
★?dedicated
adj.专注的，一心一意的
be
dedicated
to，dedicate
oneself
to
和
dedicate
ones
life
to?
都是意为“献身于……”。
He
is
a
dedicated
musician.
他是一富有献身精神的音乐家。
第二组
【例句1】
I
shall
define
him
as
an
individual
who
has
elected
as
his
primary
duty
and
pleasure
in
life?the
activity
of
thinking
in
Socratic
(苏格拉底)
way
about
moral??problems?.
?
【例句翻译】
我会把他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。
?
【例句分析】
本句的主干结构比较简单：I
shall
define
him
as
an
individual。但是注意修饰an
individual的是一个定语从句，定语从句的宾语是the
activity
of
thinking
in
Socratic
way
about
moral
problems，因为太长了，所以将其后置，这也是本句难点所在。定语从句原顺序是：who
has
elected??the
activity
of
thinking
in
Socratic
(苏格拉底)
way
about
moral??problems?as
his
primary
duty
and
pleasure
in
life.?介词结构
as
his
primary
duty
and
pleasure
in
life
作其补语。
?
【词语点拨】
★
define?
v.
定义；解释
define
sth
as
sth
将某物定义为某物
The
Chinese
term
of
yuanfen
in
common
usage
can?be
defined
as?the
"binding
force"
that
links
two
persons
together
in
any
relationship.
汉语中的“缘分”通常是用来表示任意一种关系中两人之间的“凝聚力”。
Job
stress
can?be
defined
as?the
harmful
physical
and
emotional
responses
one
experiences
at
work.
职业压力可以定义为人们在工作时所遇到的有害的身体和情感反应。
?
★
elect
v.
选举；选择；决定
elect
sth
as
sth?
推选……为……
She?elected?to
return
to
work
after
her
baby
was
born.?
?她决定孩子出生后再去做工作。
He?was
elected
as?monitor.?
他被选为班长。
【例句2】
The
issue
of
whether
life
ever
existed
on
the
planet,
and
whether
it
persists
to
this
day,
has
been
highlighted
by
mounting
evidence
that
the
Red
Planet
once
had
abundant
stable,
liquid
water
and
by
the
continuing
controversy
over
suggestions
that
bacterial
fossils
rode
to
Earth
on
a
meteorite（陨石）from
Mars.
?
【例句翻译】
由于越来越多的证据表明这个红色行星上曾经有稳定而丰富的液态水，又因人们对从火星的一颗带有细菌化石的陨石落到地球上的说法一直有争议，所以火星上是否存在过生命、是否延续至今的问题一直引人注目。
【例句分析】
句子的主干是This
issue
has
been
highlighted.
句中两个whether引导的从句做of的宾语；两个that所引导的从句分别做evidence和suggestions的同位语。
?
【词语点拨】
★persist??vi.
坚持；持续
persist
in
doing
sth?
坚持做……
Why
do
you?persist
in
blaming?yourself
for
what
happened??
你何必为已发生的事没完没了地自责？
★controversy??n.
争论；辩论
a
bitter?controversy?over/about?the
site
of
the
new
airport?
有关新机场选址的激烈争论
★highlight????v.
突出；强调；使显著
The
report?highlights?the
major
problems
facing
society
today.?
报告特别强调了当今社会所面临的主要问题。
翻译小练
试着将以下句子翻译成中文，注意句式结构及成分的分析。
1.
We
need
to
thank
the
great
men
of
the
past
for
the
wisdom
to
know
that
we
don't
know
it
all
and
probably
never
will,
for
that
would
mean
a
world
without
questions.
2.
What
has
happened
is
that
every
time
a
material
seems
to
be
running
short,
the
price
has
risen
and,
in
response,
people
have
looked
for
new
sources
of
supply,
tried
to
find
ways
to
use
less
of
the
material,
or
looked
for
a
new
substitute.
?
3.
They
may
teach
very
well
and
more
than
earn
their
salaries,
but
most
of
them
make
little
or
no
independent
reflections
on
human
problems
which
involve
moral
judgment.
答案助解
1.
We
need
to
thank
the
great
men
of
the
past
for
the
wisdom
to
know
that
we
don't
know
it
all
and
probably
never
will,
for
that
would
mean
a
world
without
questions.
【句子翻译】
我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得我们不是什么都懂，将来也不会什么都懂，因为如果我们什么都懂，那将意味着一个毫无疑问的世界。
【句式分析】
该句是for引导的原因状语从句。主句是We
need
to
thank
...
for...，to
know
that…
做the
wisdom的定语。原因状语从句中的主语that代上文的we
don't
know
it
all
and
probably
never
will，谓语部分是虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设。
2.
What
has
happened
is
that
every
time
a
material
seems
to
be
running
short,
the
price
has
risen
and,
in
response,
people
have
looked
for
new
sources
of
supply,
tried
to
find
ways
to
use
less
of
the
material,
or
looked
for
a
new
substitute.
?
【句子翻译】
发生的事情是这样的：每当一种原料似乎将要短缺时，价格就上升，相应地，人们就寻找新的供应来源，尽量找到少用这种材料的方法，或者寻找替代品。
【句式分析】
句子的主干是What
has
happened
is
that。主语是what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句，该表语从句中every
time
引导一个时间状语从句，为第三层从句。??
3.
They
may
teach
very
well
and
more
than
earn
their
salaries,
but
most
of
them
make
little
or
no
independent
reflections
on
human
problems
which
involve
moral
judgment.
?
【句子翻译】
他们可以教得更好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的人的问题进行独立思考。
?
【句式分析】
本句是主要由表示转折关系的并列句组成。第一个分句They
may
teach
very
well
and
more
than
earn
their
salaries
相对简单，第二个分句较难之处是human
problems跟了一个定语从句
which
involve
moral
judgment
。长难句进阶突破
Round
1
第一组
【例句1】?
But
what
we
forget—what
our
economy
depends
on
us
—is
that
happiness
is
more
than
pleasure
without
pain.
The
things
that
bring
the
greatest
joy
carry
the
greatest
potential
for
loss
and
disappointment.
【例句翻译】
但是我们忘记的是——我们的经济所依赖的是——快乐远不是没有痛苦的喜悦。给我们带来最大快乐的东西也有可能会带来损失和失望。
?
【例句分析】
在第一句中，主语是一个主语从句，破折号中间的成分是插入语。在第二句中，主语（The
things）后面跟了一个定语从句。
?
【词语点拨】
★
potential
adj.
潜在的，可能的?
?n.潜能，潜力
We
have
to
be
prepared
for
any?potential?difficulties.?
?我们应对潜在的困难做好准备。
The
father
detected
soldier?potential?in
the
boy.?
?父亲觉察到孩子天生是块当兵的料。
【例句2】
Pushed
by
science,
or
what
claims
to
be
science,
society
is
reclassifying
what
once
were
considered
character
flaws
or
moral
failings
as
personality
disorders
similar
to
physical
disabilities.
?
【例句翻译】
在科学或所谓的科学的驱动下，社会正对曾被视为性格缺陷或道德缺失的东西重新进行归类，认为是类似于身体残疾的性格失衡。
?
【例句分析】
句子的主干结构是society
is
reclassifying，宾语是what…moral
failings，后面的成分（as
personality
disorders
akin
to
physical
disabilities）是宾语补足语。被动分词结构（Pushed
by
science,or
what
claims
to
be
science）作全句的状语。
?
【词语点拨】
★?
flaws意为“缺点；裂纹；瑕疵”，character
flaws指“性格缺陷”。
?
?
?
They
share
the
character?flaw?of
arrogance.?
他们都有傲慢的缺点。
?
★
failings意为“缺点，缺陷”。
★?reclassify
sth
as
sth?
?把某物重新归类为某物
★
physical
disability意为“身体残疾或缺陷”，这里的physical意为“身体的，生理的”。
?
第二组
【例句1】
The
fact
that
it
might
be
possible
to?raise
EQs?means
that
schools
need
to?make
sure
that?their
students
are
receiving
the
education
they
really
need,
and?know?that
their
futures
are
not
entirely
determined?by
their?IQs.
【例句翻译】
情商是可以提高的这一事实意味着学校需要保证学生接受他们真正需要的教育,并且知道他们的未来不全是由智商决定的.
【例句分析】
本句包含一个同位语从句和一个宾语从句，that
it
might
be
possible…作the
fact
的同位语；that
schools
need
to…作mean
的宾语，在该宾语从句中又含有两个宾语从句，that
their
students
are
receiving…作make
sure
的宾语，that
their
futures
are
not
entirely…作know
的宾语。
???
【词语点拨】
★
it
is
possible
(for
sb)
to
do
sth
做…是可能的
It
is
possible
for
him
to?accomplish
the
task.
他有可能完成这项任务。
★
mean
vt.意味着；表示…的意思;
意思是；打算
Spending
too
much
now
will?mean?a
shortage
of
cash
next
year.
现在花费太多就意味着明年现金短缺。
If
you
nod
your
head,
you
usually?mean?yes.
如果你点头，通常表示你同意。
★
make
sure
确定，设法确保
We?make
sure?that?we
take
good
care
of
students
on
campus.
我们确保在校园里照顾好学生。
★
determine
vt.决定，确定
be
determined
to
do
sth?
决心做某事
It
is
your
efforts,
not
your
intelligence,
that?determine?your
success.
决定你成功的是努力而非智力。
I?am
determined
to?make
more
efforts
to
improve
my
English.
我决心加倍努力提高英语水平。
【例句2】
Throughout
the
twentieth
century,
advertising
agencies
promoted
consumerism
(消费主义)
as
a
way
of
life,
spreading
the
belief
that
people
could
be
happy
only
if
they
bought
the
"right"
products.
【例句翻译】
在20世纪，广告代理商把消费主义推广为一种生活方式，传播只有买合适的产品人们才会快乐的理念。
【例句分析】
本句包含一个同位语从句，that
people
could
be
happy
only
if
they…作the
belief
的同位语。
【词语点拨】
★
promote
vt.促进，增进；提升，晋升
Good
listening
can
always
show
respect,?promoteunderstanding
and
improve
interpersonal
relationship.
认真倾听可以展示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系。
He
has
been?promoted?to
general
manager.
他已经被提升为总经理。
★
spread
vt.
伸开，打开?
vi&vt.
传播，蔓延
She?spread?her
arms
and
the
child
ran
towards
her.
她张开双臂，孩子向她跑去。
Advertising?spread?quickly
throughout
the
eighteenth
century.
广告在18世纪迅速传播。
★
belief
n.信任；信念，看法，信仰
I
haven't
much?belief?in
his
honesty.
我不大相信他是诚实的。
Different
from
popular?belief,
most
good
leaders
are
made,
not
born.
与大众的看法相反，多数优秀领导是后天培养的，而非天生的。
Round
2
第一组
【例句1】
What
he
has
demonstrated,
he
believes,
is
that
lack
of
control
over
an
event,
not
the
experience
itself,
is
what
weakens
the
immune
system.
?
?
【例句翻译】
他认为，他所证明的是缺乏控制事件的能力会削弱免疫系统，而非经历本身。??
?
【例句分析】
本句中含有多个从句。首先he
believes是插入语，应该前置，也就是句子主干he
believes
sth.
believe
后跟的是宾语从句?What
he
has
demonstrated
is
that
lack
of......，同时这个宾语从句又包含了what引导的主语从句What
he
has
demonstrated...?和that引导的表语从句that
lack
of
control
over
an
event...，其次，表语从句?that
lack
of
control
over
an
event
is
what
weakens
...中又包含了一个表语从句。故本句虽短，但是充分体现了英语句式层层叠套的特点，翻译和理解的时候要特别注意。
【词语点拨】
★
demonstrate??vt.
证明；展示
Let
me
demonstrate
to
you
some
of
the
difficulties
we
are
facing.?
我来向你说明一下我们面临的一些困难。
【例句2】
A
simple
trip
around
the
yard
in
a
pair
of
those
shoes
eliminates
all
need
to
call
for
a
lawn
care
specialist,
and
provides
the
perfect-sized
holes
to
give
any
lawn
oxygen
without
all
those
messy
chunks
of
dirt
lying
around.
?
【分析】messy
chunks
of
dirt：乱七八糟的脏东西。??
【译文】?
?
?
【例句翻译】
只要穿这种鞋在院子里走一走，就完全没必要请修剪草坪的专家了，因为这会形成大小合适的洞为草坪提供氧气，周围还不会留下那些乱七八糟的脏东西。
?
【例句分析】
这是一个复杂的简单句，句子的主干是A
simple
trip
eliminates
all
need
and
provides
holes.?
其中in
a
pair
of
those
shoes
意为“穿着这种鞋”；后面句子中的without是独立主格结构，lie与messy
chunks
是主谓关系，故用现在分词，整个结构在句中作伴随状语。
?
【词语点拨】
lawn??
oxygen??
n.
草地；草坪?
n.
[化学]
氧气
specialist?
?
messy
chunks
of
dirt
n.
专家
乱七八糟的脏东西
★
eliminate?
?vt.
消除；排除
The
police
have?eliminated?two
suspects
from
their
investigation.?
警方通过调查已经排除了两名嫌疑犯。
第二组
【例句1】
Our
linguistic
and
cultural
blindness
and
the
casualness
with
which
we
take
notice
of
the
developed
tastes,
gestures,
customs
and
languages
of
other
countries,
are
making
us
lose
friends,
business
and
respect
in
the
world.??
?
【例句翻译】
我们对语言、文化的无知，以及那种对其他国家形成的品味、姿态、风俗和语言的漫不经心的态度，正使我们在世界上失去朋友，错过商机，丧失威信。?
?
【例句分析】
这是一个复杂的简单句，句子的主干是Our
blindness
and
casualness?
are
making
us
lose
...
，with
which
引导定语从句修饰casualness.
本句主要是对句中词汇的把握和理解。
?
【词语点拨】
linguistic?
?
blindness??
adj.
语言的
n.
无知；盲区
casualness?
respect?
n.
偶然；漫不经心
n./v.
尊敬，尊重
★
take
notice
of??注意到；留意
If?you?want?people?to?take?notice?of?you,?you
must?make?your?accomplishments?visible.?
如果你想别人注意到你，一定要让别人看得见你的成绩。
【例句2】
Put
simply,
the
existence
of
mirror
neurons
suggests
that
every
time
we
see
someone
else
do
something,
our
brains
imitate
it,
whether
or
not
we
actually
perform
the
same
action.
【例句翻译】
简言之，镜像神经元的存在表明，不管我们是否真的在执行相同的操作，每一次我们看到别人做点什么，我们的大脑就会模仿。
【例句分析】
该句的主干是主谓宾结构，the
existence
of
mirror
neurons是主语，suggests是谓语，that引导宾语从句。宾语从句又是一个复合句，它的主句是our
brains
imitate
it，名词短语every
time做连词，引导时间状语从句，whether
（or
not）引导让步状语从句。
【词语点拨】
★
put
simply?
adv.
简而言之（插入语）
Put
simply,
we
either
accept
their
offer
or
go
bankrupt.
简单地说吧，我们要么接受他们的条件，要么破产。
★
imitate?
vt.仿效；仿制；模仿
Teachers
provide
a
model
for
children
to
imitate.
教师是孩子们仿效的典范。?
Round
3
第一组
【例句1】
At
the
same
time,
the
authors
of
the
book?World
Hunger:
Twelve
Myths?argue
that
there
actually
is
more
than?enough
food
in
the
world
and
that
the
hunger
crisis
is
not?caused
by
production,
but?by
problems
in
food
distribution
and
politics.
【例句翻译】
与此同时，《世界饥荒：十二个神话》一书的作者们认为世界上的粮食事实上是足够的，饥荒不是产量问题而是食物分配和政治问题。
【例句分析】
本句包含两个并列的宾语从句，that
there
actually
is
more
than
enough
food
in
the
world与that
the
hunger
crisis
is
not
caused是两个并列的宾语从句，作argue
的宾语。
【词语点拨】
★
at
the
same
time
同时
Most
pepole
don't
find
it
difficult
to
eat
and
read
the
newspaper?at
the
same
time.
对于多数人来说，吃东西的时候看报纸并不难。
★
argue
v.主张，认为；争论，争辩
She
has?argued?that
wild
animals
should
be
left
in
the
wild
and
not
used
for
entertainment
or
advertisements.
她一直主张让野生动物在大自然中生活，不应将它们用于娱乐和广告。
Do
you
ever?argue?with
your
family
about
which
TV
programme
to
watch?
你曾为看哪个电视节目和家人争论过吗？
★
not…but
不是……而是
Shakespeare
was?not?a
musician?but?a
writer.
莎士比亚不是音乐家而是作家。
【例句2】
Your
current
requirement
that
all
archaeologically（从考古学的角度来说）
unearthed（出土的）
human
remains
should
be
reburied,
whether
after
a
standard
period
of
two
years
or
further
special
extension,
is
contrary
to
basic
principles
of
archaeological（考古学的）
and
scientific
research.
【例句翻译】
你目前要求所有从地下挖的考古的人类遗址都应重新埋葬，不管是在规定的两年或是特殊延期，这有背于考古学、科学研究的基本原则。
【例句分析】
本句包含一个同位语从句,
that
alll
archaeologically
unearthed?human
remains
should
be
reburied…作requirement
的同位语。
【词语点拨】
★
requirement
n.需要（品），要求（物）；必要的条件
Not
all
foreign
visitors
satisfy
legal
entry?requirements.
并非所有外宾均符合入境规定。
★
remains
n.
遗址，遗迹，废墟；剩余物
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?vi.
保持，仍然是
Human?remains?of
ancient
settlements
will
be
reburied.
古代定居点的人类遗骸将被重新安葬。
She
fed
the?remains?of
her
lunch
to
the
dog.
她把中午吃剩的喂狗了。
★??(be)
contrary
to
与……相反，相对
The
results?are
contrary
to?my
expectation.
结果与我的预期恰好相反。
Contrary
to?popular
belief,
many
cats
dislike
milk.
与普遍的看法相反，许多猫并不喜欢牛奶。
第二组
【例句1】
I
had
already
heard
that
George
didn't
like
being
kept
waiting,
so
even
though
I
didn't
have
the
right
clothes
on,
I
grabbed
my
boots
and
raced
after
him.
【例句翻译】
我以前就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人，所以尽管我还没穿上该穿的衣服，就一把抓起靴子跟在他后面跑起来。
【例句分析】
这句话的主干是so连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有that引导的heard的宾语从句。而第二个分句是一个主从复合句，even
though引导的句子为让步状语从句。
【词语点拨】
★
grab?
?v.抓住?
?
n.抓取物；抓
He
made
a
savage?grab?for
the
knife.
他恶狠狠地去抓刀子。
★
race
n.赛跑；竞争?
?n.人种；种族；血统
v.赛跑；竞赛
Eight
horses
will?race?for
the
cup.
将有八匹马参赛争夺奖杯。
Every
morning
he
spent
two
hours
training
for
the?race.?
他每天早晨花两个小时练习赛跑。
【例句2】
Another
World
Bank
report
concluded
that
GM
crops
have
little
to
offer
to
the
challenges
of
worldwide
poverty
and
hunger,
because
better
ways
are
available,
among
which
"green
farming"
is
supposed
to
be
the
first
choice.
【例句翻译】
另一份世界银行的报告断定面对世界贫困和饥饿，转基因作物用处不大，因为有了更好的方法，其中绿色种植被认为是首选。
【例句分析】
本句包含一个宾语从句和一个定语从句，that
GM
crops
have
little
to
offer…是宾语从句，作concluded的宾语；among
which
“green
farming”
is…是定语从句，修饰先行词better
ways。?
【词语点拨】
★
conclude
vt.推断出，断定；v.结束，终止
Aristotle?concluded?that
heavy
objects
always
fell
faster
than
light
ones.
亚里士多德推断出重物总比轻物下落快。
The
meeting?concluded?after
three
hours.
会议于三小时后结束。
★
offer
vt.（主动）提出，提供；n.提供，提议
I
have?offered?to
paint
the
house
in
exchange
for
a
week's
accommodation.
我已主动提出用粉刷房子换取一周的食宿。
Working
in
a
team?offers?me
a
chance
to
learn
how
to
get
along
with
others.
团队工作给我提供了一个学习如何与他人相处的机会。
Have
you
got
any
job?offers?
你收到工作邀请了吗？
★
available
adj.可获得的，可利用的；有空的
There
are
plenty
of
jobs?available?in
the
western
part
of
the
country.
在这个国家的西部有大量可得的工作。
This
is
the
only
day
everyone
is?available,
so
we
shouldn't
put
off
the
meeting.
今天是唯一所有人都在的一天，因此我们不应该推迟会议。
★
be
supposed
to
be/
to
do
sth
应该，理应
I
have
reached
a
point
in
my
life
where
I?am
supposed
tomake
decisions
of
my
own.
我到了人生中应该自己拿主意的时候了。
翻译小练
请将下面几个句子翻译成中文。
1.
However,
in
all
cases,
patients
should
receive
the
best
possible
treatment
as
long
as
there
is
hope
of
recovery
before
such
a
decision
is
considered.
?2.
Originally,
they
didn't
have
a
sense
of
land
ownership,
although
aboriginal
children
were
taught
from
an
early
age
that
they
belonged
to
the
land
and
must
respect
tribal
boundaries.
3.
Trust
yourself,
write
down
your
goals
for
the
day,
however
small
they
are,
and
you'll
be
a
step
closer
to
achieving
them.
答案助解：
1.
However,
in
all
cases,
patients
should
receive
the
best
possible
treatment
as
long
as
there
is
hope
of
recovery
before
such
a
decision
is
considered.
【句式翻译】
然而，在所有情况下，在考虑做这样一个决定之前，病人都应该受到尽可能好的治疗，只要有康复的希望就要坚持下去。
【句式分析】
这句话的主干是patients
should
receive
the
best
possible
treatment，as
long
as引导的是条件状语从句，条件状语从句中又含有一个before引导的时间状语从句。
?2.Originally,
they
didn't
have
a
sense
of
land
ownership,
although
aboriginal
children
were
taught
from
an
early
age
that
they
belonged
to
the
land
and
must
respect
tribal
boundaries.
【句式翻译】
最初他们并没有土地所有权这一概念，虽然土著人的孩子很小就被教育说他们属于大地并且要尊重部落边界。
【句式分析】
本句中逗号以前的句子为主句，逗号后是although引导的让步状语从句。从句又是一个主从复合句,即that引导宾语从句。
3.
Trust
yourself,
write
down
your
goals
for
the
day,
however
small
they
are,
and
you'll
be
a
step
closer
to
achieving
them.
【句式翻译】
相信自己，每天写下你的目标，不管他们有多小，你离实现它们这一目标就一步步地靠近了。
【句式分析】
全句的主干是“祈使句+
and分句”，分句中多用sb
will…。祈使句中有两个谓语动词和一个由however引导的让步状语从句。6种方法梳理长难句
难点梳理
★
长难句到底难在哪里？？（1）中心词加了较多修饰语，后置的定语给理解带来较大困难。（2）简单句加了较多修饰语，尤其是非谓语动词，含义丰富，形式灵活。（3）含有三大从句的复合句。（4）并列成分、对等结构的存在。（5）同位语、插入语的运用。（6）特殊句式的使用：倒装、强调句型和省略。
方法展示
提主干，去枝叶
何为句子主干？即句子的主语和谓语。
1.?句子主语
主语(subject)?是一个句子的主题(theme)，
是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在句首。主语一般有名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、主语从句来充当。
（1）A
man?called
you
just
now.(?名词)（2）Most
of
us?like
surfing
the
Internet.（代词）（3）One
in
ten?were
for
the
plan.（数词）（4）It
is
kind
of
you?to
give
me?so
much
help.（不定式）（5）Helping
others?is
helping
yourself.（动名词）（6）Whether
he
will
come?is
uncertain.（主语从句）（7）It's
said
that?he
will
not
come
back
again.（主语从句）
2.?句子谓语
谓语(predicate)
或谓语动词(predicate
verb)
的位置一般在主语之后。谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语两种。简单谓语是由一个行为动词构成的，比较容易识别。复合谓语包括情态动词+
动词原形、连系动词+
表语、动词短语及被动语态be
done、进行时态be
doing、完成时态
has/
have
done、将来时态will
do
/
be
going
to
do
等。
（1）You?can
make?a
difference
if
you
are
confident.（2）He?was
followed?by
the
fans.（3）I?was
about
to
go?out?when
my
phone
rang.
请尝试找出这句话的主干
So
when
Ed
arrived
for
our
game
not
only
with
the
bottom
of
his
shirt
gathered
inside
his
trousers
but
also
with
a
stomach
you
could
hardly
notice
,
I
was
so
surprised
that
I
was
speechless.
【句意】
因此，当伊德来参加我们的比赛时，我发现他不仅将衬衫的底部扎进裤里，而且几乎注意不到他的肚子，我感到很惊奇，以致无话可说。
【分析】
句子主干为：
I
was
surprised。
判断是并列句or复合句
★
并列连词连接并列句常见的并列连词有and，but，yet，or，so，for，not
only...but
also，while（然而）。
★
从属连词连接复合句常见的从属连词引导状语从句的有when，after，before，till，until，since，though，although，because等；引导定语从句的有
that，who，whom，which，where，when
等；引导名词性从句的有what，that
，which，who，whether，when，how
等。
判断下列句子是并列句还是复合句。
1.We
should
do
everything
that
is
useful
to
the
people.
2.The
man
who/that/whom
my
mother
is
talking
to
is
Mr
Wang.
3.He
not
only
wants
to
be
a
good
husband,
but
also
a
good
son.
4.Shall
we
go
out
for
a
walk,
or
stay
at
home
and
watch
TV?
5.I
didn't
know
true
happiness
until?
I
met
you.
6.I
declare
that
you
are
unwelcomed
here.
7.The
truth
is
you
are
a
liar.
8.I
heared
the
news
that
you
are
married.
参考答案：
1.We
should
do
everything?that?is
useful
to
the
people.（定语从句）
2.The
man?who/that/whom?my
mother
is
talking
to
is
Mr
Wang.（定语从句）
3.He?not
only?wants
to
be
a
good
husband,?but
also?a
good
son.（并列句）
4.Shall
we
go
out
for
a
walk,?or?stay
at
home
and
watch
TV?（并列句）
5.I
didn't
know
true
happiness?until??I
met
you.?（时间状语从句）
6.I
declare?that?you
are
unwelcomed
here.?（宾语从句）
7.The
truth
is?that?you
are
a
liar.?（表语从句）
8.I
heared
the
news?that?you
are
married.?（同位语从句）
请尝试判断下面句子类型。
1.Whether
you
get
along
well
with
your
professors
or
not
has
a
huge
effect
on
your
self
growth
as
it
is
a
measure
of
how
well
you
can
respect
authority
and
obey
requirements.
【句意】
你与教授相处是否融洽，对你的自身发展起着重要的作用，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。
【分析】
此句为复合句，句中whether引导主语从句，as
引导原因状语从句，how
well
引导从句作介词of
的宾语。
2.The
fact
that
members
of
one
culture
do
not
express
their
emotions
as
openly
as
do
members
of
another
does
not
mean
that
they
do
not
experience
emotions.
【句意】
一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。
【分析】
本句的主干为The
fact
does
not
mean
that
...，其中，that
they
do
not
experience
emotions
是从句作mean
的宾语。that
members
of
one
culture
do
not
express
their
emotions
as
openly
as
do
members
of
another
为fact
的同位语从句，其中as
do
members
of
another
是状语从句，助动词do
位于主语members
of
another
前形成倒装，主语后省略了express
their
emotions。
确定中心名词，识别后置定语
后置定语通常以不定式、分词、介词短语、定语从句等形式体现。此外，定语也可能不是一个，可能出现两个或者三个的情况，必要时应逐一分析。
例如：（1）I
got
a
chance?to
give
a
speech?at
the
meeting.（2）The
girl?wearing
sunglasses?is
LiuXuan.（3）I
like
the
book?written
by
DongQing.（4）The
boy?with
a
book
in
his
hand?is
Jim.（5）The
man?who
helped
you?is
my
boss.（6）The
boy?with
a
book
in
his
hand
written
by
DongQing?is
Jim.（7）The
man?with
a
book
in
his
hand
who
helped
you?is
my
boss.
请尝试找出下面句子的定语部分。
Economists
from
the
University
of
Sussex
analysed
findings
from
the
National
Longitudinal
Study
of
Adolescent
Health,
a
15-year
research
project
charting
the
fortunes
of
a
group
of
thousands
of
teenagers
who
attended
high
schools
in
the
US
in
the
mid-1990s.
【句意】
来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。
【分析】
句子主干为Economists
analysed
findings。from
the
University
of
Sussex
作economists的定语；from
the
National
Longitudinal
Study
of
Adolescent
Health
作findings的定语；a
15-year
research
project作the
National
Longitudinal
Study
of
Adolescent
Health
的同位语；charting
...
作project
的定语；who引导定语从句修饰teenagers。
正确理解非谓语动词
非谓语动词是句子中的次要动词，保留了动词的部分特征，有时态、语态，但其有自己的特征。尤其是当分词作定语和分词作状语时，学生非常容易混淆。分词作定语相当于定语从句，分词作状语相当于状语从句或并列句。
（1）She
is
a
pupil
admired
by
all
her
classmates.
（定语）=She
is
a
pupil
who
is
admired
by
all
her
classmates.
（2）This
is
the
novel
translated
into
a
few
languages.（定语）=This
is
the
novel
that
has
translated
into
a
few
languages.
（3）Written
in
a
hurry,
this
article
was
not
so
good.（原因状语）=Because
it
was
Written
in
a
hurry,
this
article
was
not
so
good.
（4）Following
the
teacher,
the
students
walked
into
the
office.（伴随状语）=The
students
followed
the
teacher,
and
the
students
walked
into
the
office.
请尝试找出句子中的非谓语动词并说出其在句中的作用。
Discovered
by
the
Portuguese
admiral
of
the
same
name
in
1506,
and
settled
in
1810,
the
island
belongs
to
Great
Britain
and
has
a
population
of
a
few
hundred.
【句意】
这个岛屿，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙海军上将发现，在1810年有人居住，现在属于英国，人口数有几百人。
【分析】
句中Discovered
by和settled?是两个过去分词短语，在句中作状语。
识别同位语
由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，后项是前项的同位语。
（1）Mr
Zhang,
our
president,
asked
us
not
to
punish
students.（2）Tony,
one
of
the
most
clever
boys
in
our
school,
is
planning
to
attend
the
university.
请找出下面句子的同位语。
In
his
latest
book,?Doing
Our
Own
Thing?:?The
Degradation
of
Language
and
Music
and
Why
We
Should、
Like、Care，John
Mc
Whorter,
a
linguist
and
controversialist
of
mixed
liberal
and
conservative
views,
sees
the
triumph
of
1960s
counter-culture
as
responsible
for
the
decline
of
formal
English.
【句意】
语言学家和辩论家John
McWhorter（持有）自由派与保守派的混合观点，在他最近的书《做我们自己的事情：语言和音乐的衰落，以及我们为什么应该、喜欢或在意》中，这位学者认为60年代反文化运动的胜利要对正式英语的衰败负责。
【分析】
插入语Doing
Our
Own
Thing：The
Degradation
of
Language
and
Music
and
Why
We
Should
、Like、Care是his
latest
book的同位语；a
linguist
and
controversialist
of
mixed
liberal
and
conservative
views也是同位语，用于说明John
McWhorter的身份。
看清介词短语
介词短语在句子中充当表语、定语、状语等。（1）In
spite
of
the
difficulties,
we
went
on?with
our
work.（2）Apps
are?of
great
use.（3）Did
you
like
the
last
grand
fashion
show?of
the
20th
century?
请尝试找出下面句子的介词短语，并分析在句中的作用。
For
the
time,
attention,
and
money
of
the
art-loving
public,
classical
instrumentalists
must
compete
not
only
with
opera
houses,
dance
troupes,
theater
companies,
and
museums,
but
also
with
the
recorded
performances
of
the
great
classical
musicians
of
the
20th
century.
【句意】
如今为了获得艺术爱好者的时间、关注和金钱，古典音乐演奏家们不仅要和歌剧院、舞蹈团、剧团以及博物馆进行竞争，而且还要和那些录制了20世纪古典音乐大师的演奏的音乐产品竞争。
【分析】
本句的主干是
classical
instrumentalists
must
compete
not
only
with
opera
houses...，but
also
with
the
recorded
performances...。句首For引导的介词结构为句子的目的状语，表示“为了”。谓语部分compete...with后是宾语，说明与主语竞争的对象，由not
only..but
also...连接。介词结构
of
the
great
classical
musicians
of
the
20th
century是performances的后置定语。
实例应用
★
技巧应用
试着用以上方法分析下面句子。
【句子1】
Sometimes
working
outdoors,
sometimes
in
an
office,
sometimes
using
scientific
equipment
and
sometimes
meeting
local
people
and
tourists,
I
am
never
bored.【简析】此句主干是I
am
never
bored，而其前面出现了含有非谓语动词和介词短语组成的四个状语，分别是working
outdoors,
in
an
office,
using
scientificequipment
和meeting
local
people
and
tourists，因此，本句是简单句。【句意】我从来不会无聊，我有时在户外工作，有时在办公室工作，有时使用科研设备，还有的时候见见当地人和游客。
【句子2】Although
my
job
is
occasionally
dangerous,
I
don't
mind
because
danger
excites
me
and
makes
me
feel
alive.【简析】此句是句套从句，也就是复合句，第一层是although
引导的让步状语从句，第二层是because
引导的原因状语从句。句中主谓成分明显，句意理解难度相对较低。【句意】
尽管我的工作有时是危险的，但是我不介意，因为这种危险令我感到兴奋，使我充满活力。
【句子3】Having
collected
and
evaluated
the
information,
I
help
other
scientists
to
predict
where
lava
from
the
volcano
will
flow
and
how
fast.【简析】此句难点有三处，一是非谓语动词现在分词doing
的完成时，相当于一个时间状语从句；二是predict
后为宾语从句；三是宾语从句中需要识别出中心名词lava,
而其后的from
the
volcano
是其后置定语。【句意】收集和分析完信息之后，我帮助其他科学家预测火山的岩浆将会从哪里喷出以及以多块的速度喷出。
【句子4】
Declaring
that
he
was
opposed
to
using
this
unusual
animal
husbandry
(饲养)
technique
to
clone
humans,
he
ordered
that
federal
funds
not
be
used
for
such
an
experiment
——
although
no
one
had
proposed
to
do
so——
and
asked
an
independent
panel
of
experts
chaired
by
Princeton
President
Harold
Shapiro
to
report
back
to
the
White
House
in
90
days
with
recommendations
for
a
national
policy
on
humancloning.
【简析】
这个句子相比前面几个句子要复杂很多，分析这个句子，首先，抓住主干，分清主次；此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was
opposed——he，ordered——he，（should）not
be
used——federal
funds，had
proposed——no
one，asked——he（asked前面有and，说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列）。这一句的主干为“he
ordered...and
asked...”，“Declaring
that...”作状语。其次，分清并列句和复合句；Declaring
that
和ordered
that
后面都是宾语从句，although后面为让步状语从句；and
asked
……为并列句。最后，确定中心名词，识别后置定语；本句中，后置定语有：chaired
by
Princeton
President。
【句意】
他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold
Shapiro为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
【句子5】
First
put
forward
by
the
French
mathematician
Pierre
de
Format
in
the
17th
century，the
theorem（定理）
had
baffled（阻碍）and
beaten
the
finest
mathematical
minds,
including
a
French
woman
scientist
who
made
a
major
advance
in
working
out
the
problem,
and
who
had
to
dress
like
a
man
in
order
to
be
able
to
study
at
the
Eco-lab
Polytechnique.
【简析】
本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。“First
put
forward
by
the
French
mathematician
Pierre
de
Format
in
the
17th
century”为过去分词短语作状语；“including...”为介词短语作状语；“who
made...and
who
had
to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a
French
woman
scientist。所以句子的主干为the
theorem
had
baffled
and
beaten
the
finest
mathematical
minds，此为主要信息。
【句意】
这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre
de
Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，为了能够在Eco-lab
Polytechnipue学习，她曾女扮男装。长难句真题体验
Round
1
第一组
【原句呈现1】
For
weeks,
I've
been
thinking
of
bigger,
deeper
questions:
How
do
we
make
it
a
habit
for
them?
And
how
do
we
train
ourselves
to
help
them
live
with
need
and
use
less?
【参考译文】
几个星期以来，我一直在思考更大更深层的问题：我们如何使它成为他们的一种习惯？还有我们如何训练自己来帮助他们生活满足需要即可，并且少用一点呢?
【句式分析】
选取三个句子，两个how开头的句子相互为并列关系，同时都在解释说明前一句中的
questions.句子For
weeks,
I've
been
thinking
of
bigger,
deeper
questions...和句子How
do
we
make
it
a
habit
for
them?为简单句。句子And
how
do
we
train
ourselves
to
help
them
live
with
need
and
use
less?虽然较长，仍为简单句，to
help
them
live
with
need
and
use
less为目的状语。
【重点词汇】
habit
习惯，习性;
气质;?
train
火车;?
训练;?
【原句呈现2】
Why
do
we
often
assume
that
more
is
more
when
it
comes
to
kids
and
their
belongings
?
【参考译文】
当涉及到孩子和他们的财产时，为什么我们经常认为越多越好？
【句式分析】
整体分析：本句为主从复合句。
1.Why
do
we
often
assume
that
为主句；that
more
is
more
为宾语从句。
2.
when
it
comes
to
kids
and
their
belongings
为时间状语从句。
【重点词汇】
assume
that
假设
when
it
comes
to
当提到…
belongings
财物;
动产
【原句呈现3】
Their
money
would
be
wasted
if
the
message
didn't
reach
its
target
audience,
in
other
words
the
people
the
advertisement
intends
to
persuade.
【参考译文】
如果信息不能传达给它的目标群体，也就是广告意图说服的人群的话，那么他们的钱就白花了。
【句式分析】
本句是复合句，if引导条件从句，条件从句运用了虚拟语气，the
advertisement
intends
…是定语从句，修饰先行词the
people。
【重点词汇】
in
other
words
换句话说
persuade
vt.说服；劝说
intend
vt.
计划；打算
第二组
【原句呈现1】
It's
possible
that
we
all
have
compromised
conversational
intelligence.
【参考译文】
我们都有可能已经破坏了谈话的智慧。
【句式分析】
整体分析：本句为复合句。
1.
It's
possible为主句。
2.
That
we
all
have
compromised
conversational
intelligence
作主语从句。
3.
It's
possible
that
常翻译为“有可能...”。
【重点词汇】
conversational?
?adj.健谈的，善应酬的;
对话的
intelligence?
?n.
情报;
智力;?
情报机构
compromise
?n.
妥协,（名誉等的）损害;
?vi.妥协，退让;
?vt.违背（原则）;
连累;（尤指因行为不很明智）使陷入危险
【原句呈现2】
The
key
to
successful
small
talk
is
learning
how
to
connect
with
others,
not
just
communicate
with
them.
【参考译文】
成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人相联系，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。
【句式分析】
整体分析：本句为简单句。
1.
The
key
to
successful
small
talk
is
learning
为主谓。
2.
How
to
connect
with
others,
not
just
communicate
with
them做宾语。
【重点词汇】
successful?
?adj.
成功的，如愿以偿的
small
talk
?闲谈，聊天
connect
with?
?使有关系;
与…连接;
用电话同…相联系
communicate
with
?与…联系，与…交往;
与…相通
【原句呈现3】
Dunn
believes
that
people
who
reach
out
to
strangers
feel
a
significantly
greater
sense
of
belonging,
a
bond
with
others.
【参考译文】
邓恩认为，与陌生人接触的人会有一种更强烈的归属感，即与他人的联系。
【句式分析】
整体分析：本句为复合句。
1.
Dunn
believes为主谓。
2.
How
to
connect
with
others,
not
just
communicate
with
them做宾语。
3.
A
bond
with
others
是sense
of
belonging的补充说明，即同位语。
【重点词汇】
believes
信仰;
信任;
相信(
belief的名词复数
);
reach
out
to
接触，联系，把手伸向
significantly
意味深长地;
值得注目地
sense
of
belonging
归属感
Round
2
第一组
【原句呈现1】
The
study,
published
in
2009,
found
that
when
writing
with
a
pen
and
paper,
participants
wrote
longer
essays
and
more
complete
sentences
and
had
a
faster
word
production
rate.
【参考译文】
发表于2009年的研究发现，用笔和纸来写，参与者写的文章更长，写的句子更完整，写单词的速度更快。
【句式分析】
本句为复合句，found
后是that
引导的宾语从句，从句中又有一个when引导的状语从句，published是过去分词作后置定语，writing为现在分词作时间状语。
【词语点拨】
★?participant
n.
参加者?
?
?participate?
vi.参与
He
is
an
active?participant?in
the
civil
rights
movement.
他是人权运动的积极参加者。
Terry
can't?participate?in
the
match
because
he
has
hurt
his
foot.
特里不能参加比赛,因为他扭了脚。
★?rate
n.比率；速度
House
prices
are
rising
at
a
higher?rate?than
inflation.
房价比通货膨胀上涨的比率高。
The
car
was
going
at
the?rate?of
40
miles
an
hour.
轿车以每小时40里的速度行驶。
【原句呈现2】
But
the
donator
who
started
sending
envelopes
with
cash
to
deserving
causes,
accompanied
by
an
article
from
the
local
paper,
has
made
a
northern
German
city
believe
in
fairytales.
【参考译文】
但是，捐赠者开始给值得关注的事业发送装有现金的信封，当地报纸随之发表一篇文章，这一切使一个德国北部城市相信童话。
【句式分析】
本句是复合句，主句是
the
donator
has
made
a
northern
German
city
believe
in
fairytales.?who
引导限制性定语从句，修饰the
donator，动名词sending
作start的宾语，过去分词短语accompanied
by作伴随状语。cause
在这里表示“事业”。
【词语点拨】
★
deserving
adj.值得的（后面常接介词of）
?
?
?deserve
v.值得
A
job
well
done?is
deserving
of?praise.
一件工作做得好应该受到表扬。
If
you
do
wrong,
you?deserve?punishment.
你如做错事,
应当受罚。
★
accompany?
vt.陪伴
Ken
agreed
to?accompany?me
on
a
trip
to
Africa.
肯答应陪我一起去非洲。
Jane
was
willing
to?accompany?you
to
the
park
to
go
out
for
a
walk.
简愿意陪你去公园散步。
【原句呈现3】
Basic
Math
starts
from
the
relatively
easier
concepts
and
gradually
moves
on
to
the
more
troublesome
ones,
so
as
to
allow
for
steady
and
sure
understanding
of
the
material
by
students.
【参考译文】
基础数学从相对简单的概念开始，然后逐渐转移到更复杂的概念，以便学生能稳定地、有把握地理解材料。
【句式分析】
本句是由and连接的两个并列简单句，so
as
to
allow在句中作目的状语。
【词语点拨】
★
gradually
adv.逐渐地
The
drugs
work
well
at
first
but?gradually?lose
their
effectiveness.
这些药的效果起初非常好，但后来逐渐失效。
After
months
of
work,
the
new
book
is?gradually?taking
shape.
经过几个月的努力，这本新书渐渐成型了。
★?allow
v.
允许，常用于以下结构：
①allow
doing
允许做
They?allowed
smoking?in
this
room
only.
他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。
②allow
sb
to
do
允许某人做
My
boss
doesn't?allow
me
to
use?the
telephone.
我的老板不允许我用电话。
③allow
sb
sth
让某人有
I
will?allow
you
10%?off
the
price
if
you
pay
now．
如果你现在付款，我可以给你打九折。
④allow
sb
in/out/up?
允许某人进来/出去/起床
The
patient
was?allowed
up?after
ten
days.
十天后病人才被允许起床(下地)。
⑤allow
for
考虑到，把……考虑进来，体谅
We
should?allow
for?every
possible
delay.
我们考虑到任何可能的延误。
第二组
【原句呈现1】
For
example,
many
companies
now
have
to
invest
a
lot
of
money
in
information
technology
and
staff
training
in
order
to
cope
with
the
"phone
rage"——caused
by
delays
in
answering
calls,
being
cut
off
in
mid-conversation
or
left
waiting
for
long
periods.
【参考译文】
例如，许多公司现在不得不在信息技术和职员培训上投资很多钱以便处理“电话怒症”—造成原因是：未及时接电话、谈话中线路中断或让其等候太久。
【句式分析】
本句是简单句，many
companies作主语，have
to
invest作谓语，in
order
to
cope作目的状语，caused作后置定语，delays和being
cut
off作介词by的宾语。
【词语点拨】
★
delay
v./n.延迟；耽搁；后面可以接doing作宾语
The
passengers
were?delayed?for
an
hour.
乘客被延误了一个小时。
We
decided
to?delay
going?on
our
holiday
till
next
month.
我们决定把假期推迟到下个月。
The
strike
caused
a
great?delay?in
the
delivery
of
the
mail.
这次罢工严重地延误了邮件的投递。
★
cope
with
对付
Do
not
imagine
that
you
can?cope
with?all
the
problems.
别以为你能处理所有这些问题。
I
don't
know
how
she?copes
with?looking
after
her
family
and
doing
a
full-time
job.
既要照顾家庭又要工作，我不知道她是怎样应下来的。
★
cause
v.引起；导致
n.原因；事业
The
lack
of
eco-friendly
habits
among
the
public
is
thought
to
be
a
major?cause?of
global
climate
change.
在公众中缺少对环境有利的习惯被认为是导致全球气候变化的主要起因。
Animal
welfare
campaigners
raised
￡70
000
for
theircause?last
year.?
动物保护主义者去年为保护动物这个事业募集了7万英镑。
Could
you
tell
me
what?caused?you
to
change
your
mind?
你能告诉我是什么让你改变了主意吗？
【原句呈现2】
With
their
shining
brown
eyes,
wagging
tails,
and
unconditional
love,
dogs
can
provide
the
nonjudgmental
listeners
needed
for
a
beginning
reader
to
gain
confidence,
according
to
Intermountain
Therapy
Animals（ITA）in
Salt
Lake
City.
【参考译文】
据盐湖城的ITA的观点，闪烁着棕色眼睛，摇着尾巴，并有无条件的爱心，狗能成为无判断力的（忠实的）听者，这是刚开始阅读的小孩所需要的。
【句式分析】
本句是简单句，dogs作主语，can
provide作谓语，shining,
wagging和needed都作定语。
【词语点拨】
★
provide
vt.提供；
provide
sb
with
sth
=
provide
sth
for
sb
给某人提供……
These
events?provided?the
inspiration?for?his
first
novel.
这些事件给了他创作第一部小说的灵感。
In
a
word,
we'll?provide?you?with?all
good
service.
我们将为你们提供最好的服务。
★
confidence
n.信心；
have
confidence
in…在……方面有信心
We
have
full?confidence?in
our
victory.
我们有必胜的把握。
A
sick
person
needs
absolute?confidence?and
trust
in
a
doctor.
病人需要对医生有绝对的信心和信任。
【原句呈现3】
Shay's
father
knew
that
most
of
the
boys
would
not
want
someone
like
Shay
on
their
team,
but
the
father
also
understood
that
if
his
son,
mentally
and
physically
disabled,
were
allowed
to
play,
it
would
give
him
a
much-needed
sense
of
belonging
and
some
confidence.
【参考译文】
Shay
的爸爸明白大多数孩子是不想让Shay这样的孩子在队里的，
但爸爸也明白如果他的身心都有残障的孩子可以打球，这会给他急需的归属感和自信。
【句式分析】
本句是复合句，两个that都引导宾语从句，第二个宾语从句包含一个条件从句，条件从句运用了虚拟语气。
【词语点拨】
?★
sense
n.感觉；感官；意义；
make
sense
有意义；有道理；
make
sense
of
理解
Can
you?make
sense
of?what
this
book
says?
你能理解这本书的内容吗?
I'm
afraid
I
haven't
got
a
very
good?sense?of
direction,
so
I
easily
get
lost.
恐怕我的方向感很差,
因此我容易迷路。
His?sense?of
touch
gradually
took
the
place
of
sight.
他的触觉逐步代替了视觉。
Round
3
阅读真题
题型:
阅读理解
难度:?
准确率:
56.39%
题1
Good
Morning
Britain's
Susanna
Reid
is
used
to
grilling
guests
on
the
sofa
every
morning,
but
she
is
cooking
up
a
storm
in
her
latest
role
-
showing
families
how
to
prepare
delicious
and
nutritious
meals
on
a
tight
budget.
In
Save
Money:
Good
Food,
she
visits
a
different
home
each
week
and
with
the
help
of
chef
Matt
Tebbutt
offers
top
tips
on
how
to
reduce
food
waste,
while
preparing
recipes
for
under
?5
per
family
a
day.
And
the
Good
Morning
Britain
presenter
says
she's
been
able
to
put
a
lot
of
what
she's
learnt
into
practice
in
her
own
home,
preparing
meals
for
sons,
Sam,
14,
Finn,
13,
and
Jack,
11.
"We
love
Mexican
churros,so
I
buy
them
on
my
phone
from
my
local
Mexican
takeaway
restaurant,''
she
explains,
"I
pay
?5
for
a
portion(一份),but
Matt
makes
them
for
26p
a
portion,
because
they
are
flour,
water,
sugar
and
oil.
Everybody
can
buy
takeaway
food,
but
sometimes
we're
not
aware
how
cheaply
we
can
make
this
food
ourselves."
The
eight-part
series
(系列节目),
Save
Money:
Good
Food,
follows
in
the
footsteps
of
ITV's
Save
Money:Good
Health,
which
gave
viewers
advice
on
how
to
get
value
from
the
vast
range
of
health
products
on
the
market.
With
food
our
biggest
weekly
household
expense.
Susanna
and
Matt
spend
time
with
a
different
family
each
week.
In
tonight's
Easter
special
they
come
to
the
aid
of
a
family
in
need
of
some
delicious
inspiration
on
a
budget.
The
team
transforms
the
family's
long
weekend
of
celebration
with
less
expensive
but
still
tasty
recipes.
(1)
What
do
we
know
about
Susanna
Reid?
A.
She
enjoys
embarrassing
her
guests.
B.
She
has
started
a
new
programme.
C.
She
dislikes
working
early
in
the
morning.
D.
She
has
had
a
tight
budget
for
her
family.
(2)
How
does
Matt
Tebbutt
help
Susanna?
A.
He
buys
cooking
materials
for
her.
B.
He
prepares
food
for
her
kids.
C.
He
assists
her
in
cooking
matters.
D.
He
invites
guest
families
for
her.
(3)
What
does
the
author
intend
to
do
in
paragraph
4?
A.
Summarize
the
previous
paragraphs.
B.
Provide
some
advice
for
the
readers.
C.
Add
some
background
information.
D.
Introduce
a
new
topic
for
discussion.
(4)
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
Keeping
Fit
by
Eating
Smart
B.
Balancing
Our
Daily
Diet
C.
Making
Yourself
a
Perfect
Chef
D.
Cooking
Well
for
Less
显示答案
长句理解
【原句呈现1】
Good
Morning
Britain's
Susanna
Reid
is
used
to
grilling
guests
on
the
sofa
every
morning,
but
she
is
cooking
up
a
storm
in
her
latest
role
-
showing
families
how
to
prepare
delicious
and
nutritious
meals
on
a
tight
budget.
【参考译文】
Good
Morning
Britain，这档节目中苏珊娜·里德习惯在沙发上盘问客人。但她最近扮演的角色却在酝酿一场风暴——向家人展示如何在预算紧张情况下准备美味而富有营养的美餐。
【句式分析】
整体分析：本句为并列句，分句有介宾短语，分词短语，不定式及波折号在句子做修饰部分。
1.
Good
Morning
Britain's
Susanna
Reid
is
used
to
grilling
guests
on
the
sofa
every
morning
和
but
she
is
cooking
up
a
storm
in
her
latest
role
-
showing
families
how
to
prepare
delicious
and
nutritious
meals
on
a
tight
budget为两个并列句。
2.
分句Good
Morning
Britain's
Susanna
Reid
is
used
to
grilling
guests
on
the
sofa
every
morning中，Britain's
Susanna
Reid
is
used
to
grilling
guests为主干，Good
Morning
Britain's
，on
the
sofa
和every
morning
为三个修饰部分。
3.
分句but
she
is
cooking
up
a
storm
in
her
latest
role
-
showing
families
how
to
prepare
delicious
and
nutritious
meals
on
a
tight
budget与前句为转折关系。she
is
cooking
up
a
storm
为主干，in
her
latest
role为状语，破折号后有showing
families，
how
to
prepare
delicious
and
nutritious
meals和on
a
tight
budget三个修饰部分用来解释说明cook
up
a
storm。
【重点词汇】
grilling
?v.
烧烤(
grill的现在分词
);
拷问，盘问
cooking
up
a
storm
制造风暴，酝酿一场风暴
storm
?n./v.暴风雨;
猛攻，冲击;
骚乱;
动荡
prepare
?v.准备;
预备;
筹备
on
a
tight
budget?
在预算紧张情况下
nutritious
?adj.
有营养的，滋养的
budget
?v.
预算;?
把…编入预算
【原句呈现2】
In?Save
Money:
Good
Food,?she
visits
a
different
home
each
week
and
with
the
help
of
chef
Matt
Tebbutt
offers
top
tips
on
how
to
reduce
food
waste,
while
preparing
recipes
for
under
￡5
per
family
a
day.
【参考译文】
在“省钱：好食物”一节目中，她每周去一个不同的家，在厨师马特·特布特的帮助下，她提供了减少食物浪费的顶级建议，同时为每个家庭准备5英镑以下的食谱。
【句式分析】
整体分析：句子为一个并列句，同时套有多个修饰部分。
1.主干为：she
visits
a
different
home
each
week
and
offers
top
tips
on
how
to
reduce
food
waste.它是一个并列句，分句为she
visits
a
different
home
each
week
和and
offers
top
tips
on
how
to
reduce
food
waste.
2.整体来说：有两个修饰部分。In
Save
Money:
Good
Food
和while
preparing
recipes
for
under
￡5
per
family
a
day都作句子的状语。同时，分句with
the
help
of
chef
Matt
Tebbutt
offers
top
tips
on
how
to
reduce
food
waste中，with
the
help
of
chef
Matt
Tebbutt
和on
how
to
reduce
food
waste
分别做分句的状语和定语。
【重点词汇】
with
the
help
of?
借助于,
利用
chef
n.
厨师,
大师傅
offer
v./n.
供应;
提供物;
提出
tip
n.
末端;
给小费;
小窍门
reduce
v.
减少;
使变弱;
节食
waste
n.
浪费;
废物;
废弃的
recipe
n.
食谱;
烹饪法;
方法;
秘诀
per
prep.
由;
依照;
每;
每个;
照常;
按惯例
【原句呈现3】
The
eight-part
series(系列节目),
Save
money:
Good
Food,
follows
in
the
footsteps
of
ITV's
Save
Money：Good
Health,
which
gave
viewers
advice
on
how
to
get
value
from
the
vast
range
of
health
products
on
the
market.
【参考译文】
八集系列节目，“省钱：好食物”(Save
Money：Good
Food)效仿了ITV的“省钱：好健康”(Save
Money：Good
Health)，该系列为观众提供了如何从市场上的大量保健品中获取价值的建议。
【句式分析】
整体分析：本句为复合句，分为主句和定语从句两部分。
1.主句为:
The
eight-part
series(系列节目),
Save
money:
Good
Food,
follows
in
the
footsteps
of
ITV's
Save
Money：Good
Health.
2.从句为：:
which
gave
viewers
advice
on
how
to
get
value
from
the
vast
range
of
health
products
on
the
market.
【重点词汇】
follow
?v.跟随,
接着;
继承;
从事
footstep
?n.足迹;
脚步
series
?n.系列，连续;
系列节目
viewer
?n.电视观众;
观看者
vast
?adj.广阔的;
巨大的;
浩瀚的
health
products
?保健品
