中考英语复习之介词课件（35张PPT，无音频）

(共35张PPT)
初三复习：介词的用法
概念：介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。
分类：介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。
一．表示时间：介词in
/on
/at
1)in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时)
在早上/中午/晚上
在春天/2007年/三月
在21世纪
在他50岁时
2)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.
on
Monday
on
New
Year’s
Day
on
Sunday
morning
on
a
rainy
night
on
the
evening
of
April
1st
,2007
3).表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/
年龄
at
six
o’clock
at
noon
at
that
time
at
the
moment
at
the
age
of
at
night
in
the
morning/afternoon
/evening
in
spring
/in
2007/in
March
in
the
twenty-first
century
in
his
fifties
after
/
in
在……之后
1.
after
1)after
+
时间段.
表示一段时间之后,
用于过去时.
2)after+时间点，表多少时间之后，用于将来时。
2.in
+一段时间.
表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时.
Eg.
He
will
be
back
_______
three
o’clock.
He
will
be
back
_______
a
few
minutes.
He
came
back
________
three
days.
after
in
after
since
/
for
注:
since
/
for
用于现在完成时.
1).since
:
a).since
+时间点
b).
现在完成时+
since
+从句（一般过去时）
c).
since
+一段时间+
ago.
2)for:
for
+一段时间=
since
+一段时间+
ago
by
在...之前
during
在...期间
from…
to…
从...到...
till/until
直到
二.
表方位:
介词in
/on
/
to
1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)
Tanwan
is
____
the
southeast
of
China
.
2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)
Russia
is
____
the
north
of
China
.
3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)
Japan
is
_____
the
east
of
China
.
in
on
to
介词in
/on
/at表地点:
1)in
表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里.
in
China
in
the
classroom
2)at
一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置
at
the
station
at
the
cinema
注意:
写街道时,若有门牌号用at
,否则用on
/
in
都可.
He
lives______
270
DongChang’an
Street.
3)on
指在某物体的表面上.（要接触）
on
the
desk
at
above与below
（不强调是否垂直）
（抽象意义的上下方）
over
与under（指垂直的上方,不接触）
温度在0度以下。
The
temperature
is
below
zero.
There
is
a
bridge
______
the
river.
over
between
/
among
在……之间
1.between
:指两者之间.
在…….之间.
2.among
:用于三者或三者以上人或物之间.
在……之中.
You
sit
_____
him
and
me
.
The
song
is
popular
______
the
students.
between
among
in
front
of
/
in
the
front
of
1.in
the
front
of
表示在…….内部的前面
2.in
front
of
表示在……外面的前面
There
is
a
desk
in
_____
front
of
our
classroom
.
There
is
a
big
tree
in
_____
front
of
our
classroom.
the
/
inside
outside
along
near
beside
next
to
across
from
behind
在。。。里面
在。。。外面
沿着
在。。。附近
在。。。旁边
紧挨着
在。。。对面
在。。。后面
三
.with
/
in
/
by
表示
“用……”
1.with
表示
“用…”
一般指有形的工具
/
手段
/
人体器官.
He
cut
the
apple
into
halves
____
a
knife
.
注:
with
表伴随,
“带有,含有”
He
came
in
_____
a
big
smile
on
his
face
.
2.in表示用某种语言,方式,途径.
或书写/绘画所用的材料.
也可表交通方式.
Can
you
say
it
_____English
?
He
wrote
a
letter
____
blue
ink
.
3.by表示乘坐交通工具,
表示方式,方法
I
study
for
a
test
_____
working
with
a
group
.
He
goes
to
school
____
bus.
注意:
同义词组1).by
phone
=
on
the
phone
2).by
car
=
in
a
car
3).in
pen
=
with
a
pen
=
with
pens
with
with
in
in
by
by
反义词-----without
by+时间
by
the
time/by
the
end
of
by+交通工具
by
train、
by
air
by
doing
通过什么方式
stay
by
my
side
在。。。旁边
四.across
/
through
/
over
/
by
经过
1.across
指横穿,穿过.
表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.
2.through
指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.
3.over
表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.
4.by
表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.
Can
you
swim
______
the
river
?
the
elephant
is
so
big
that
it
can’t
go
_____
the
gate
.
I
don’t
think
anyone
can
jump
___
the
fence.
I
walked
_____
the
bank
of
China
yesterday
.
across
through
over
by
五．其它介词的用法：
1.except
/
besides
1).except
除了…….之外,
都…….
.
不包括在范围之内.
注:
nothing
but
…
除了……之外,什么也没有.
2).besdies除了……之外,还有……
.
包括在范围之内.
We
all
went
swimming
______
Lucy.
She
was
ill.
There
is
___________
a
letter
in
the
box
.
We
study
Chinese
and
math
_______
English.
except
nothing
but
besides
9.with
/
without
1).with具有,含有
-----反义词:
without
没有
词组:
with
the
help
of
=
with
one’s
help
=because
of
=
thanks
to
without
one’s
help
2).without
的用法:
A).without
+
sb./
sth.
没有某人或某物
B).without
+
doing
sth
.
He
left
here
without
____
(say
)
“Goodbye”to
us
C).
without
sth
与if
引导的否定的条件句.
If
there
is
no
water
,
we
can’t
live
.=
We
can’t
live
______
_______
.
saying
without
water
5.like
的用法:
1).像/和……一样.
常与系动词连用.
词组:
look
like
sound
like
2).与what
连用,
“是什么样子,
怎样”.
What
is
he
like
?
He
is
kind
.
2.in的其它用法:
1)in表示
“在……方面”
词组:do
well
in
=
be
good
at
be
weak
in
2)in
表示
“穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.
词组:
be
in
+衣服
=
be
wearing
+衣服
3)in作副词,
“在家”
=
at
home
on的其他用法=
about
1.at的其它用法.
1).表示
“从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.
She
is
at
work
now
=
She
is
working
now
.
2)at表示
“价格或速度”
The
train
ran
at
120
kilometres
an
hour
.
3.off的用法:
1).从……下来,
脱离某物体.
词组:
fall
off
2).
“休假”通常放在时间名词之后.
词组:
have
+时间+
off
我们将要放两天假。
We
will
have
two
days
off.
8.表示
“数量的介词”
about
,
round,
around,
over
1).
about
,
round,
around表示
2).over
表示
“超过”
=
more
than.
反义词less
than
“大约……”
around
here
all
around
the
world
易混淆的介词短语：
on
the
tree
/in
the
tree
on
the
tree
表示
“树上本身长的东西”
在树上.
而in
the
tree
表示
“外界的物体进入树中”
人或物在树上.
There
are
some
apples
_____
the
tree
.
There
is
a
boy
____
the
tree.
on
in
in
the
wall
/on
the
wall
in
the
wall
表示“门窗在墙上”
on
the
wall
表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”
be
made
+介词的区别:
be
made
of
由…制成
(看得见原材料)
be
made
from
由…制成
(看不见原材料)
be
made
in
+地点
由哪儿生产
be
made
by
sb.
由某人制造
used
to
be
used
to
doing
be
used
to
do
be
used
for
be
used
as
be
used
by
被用来做什么
被当作什么来使用
由什么人来用
过去常常做某事
被用来做什么
习惯于做什么
九.不用介词的情况:
1).当时间状为:
tonight,
today,
yesterday,
tomorrow
等时,不用介词.
What
are
you
going
to
do
tonight
?
2).含有this,
that,
these,
those,
last,
next,
every,
each等时间状语.
He
went
to
Wuhan
last
week
.
3).以all
开头的时间状语前面不用介词.
He
has
worked
all
day
.
4).以some
,any,
one
等构成的时间状语前不用介词.
He
met
a
bad
man
one
cold
morning
.
=
He
met
a
bad
man
______
a
cold
morning
.
on
复习小结
1、介词种类繁多，且相当一部分介词有多种用法，应牢记。
2、对易混淆的介词及词组一定要注意它们的区别。
3、中考常见的题型为选择题和综合应用题，需灵活运用。
Look!
The
monkey
is
playing
the
tree.
She
came
to
Shanghai
June,
1998.
She
has
been
an
English
teacher
then.
She
often
keeps
in
touch
with
me
e-mail.
Sometimes
she
goes
abroad
air.
Miss
Scott
arrived
Canada
5:00
March
7.
Do
you
think
Wu
Gang
is
different
his
twin
brother?
Li
is
good
Chinese
.
He
is
going
to
help
him
his
Chinese
this
afternoon.
Don’t
read
the
sun.
It’s
bad
your
eyes.
8.
He
helps
poor
people
the
world.
9.
Egypt
is
famous
its
Pyramids.
under/
in
since
in
by
by
in
at
on
from
at
with
in
for
around
for
8.
Billy
didin’t
go
for
a
walk
as
usual
____
yesterday
evening.
9.
_____
a
smile
on
her
face,
Miss
Black
came
in.
10.
_________
your
help,
it
was
impossible
for
me
to
finish
it.
11.China
is
a
great
country
_____
a
long
history
on

With
Without
with
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
right
prepositions
3)Go
the
bridge,you’ll
find
the
museum
on
your
left
hand
side.
5)
the
time
I
arrived,
the
train
had
gone.
8)Sometimes
Juliana
could
hear
planes
the
trees.
across
By
over
10)There
is
a
wide
bridge
the
river.
11)Why
would
you
like
a
girl
instead
a
boy.
15)Jane
is
behind
Mary,Mary
is
Jane.
9)The
temperature
will
fall
zero
sometimes
in
winter
in
Australia.
below
over
of
in
front
of
1.
—Oh,
________
the
way,
where
do
you
come
from?
—I
come
from
Guangzhou.
A.
on
B.
in
C.
by
D.
to
2.
I
waited
for
a
bus
for
a
long
time.
I
gave
up
________
and
walked
home.
A.
at
first
B.
at
least
C.
in
the
end
D.
at
the
beginning
3.
Our
shop
opens
________
10:00
am
and
4:30
pm
during
the
Spring
Festival
holidays.
A.
at
B.
between
C.
from
D.
about
Exercise
4.
—My
father
has
worked
in
this
school
________
twenty
years.
—What
a
long
time!
A.
since
B.
after
C.
for
D.
when
5.
—You
are
so
lucky.
—What
do
you
mean
________
that?
A.
for
B.
in
C.
by
D.
of
6.
Guangzhou
is
famous
________
its
beautiful
flowers
in
China.
A.
of
B.
in
C.
for
D.
with
7.
—Would
you
like
some
milk?
—Yes,
and
please
get
me
some
sugar,
too.
I
prefer
milk
________
sugar.
A.
to
B.
of
C.
then
D.
with
8.—When
did
Mr
Carl
arrive
________
China?
—He
got
to
Changsha
________
the
morning
of
the
6th
of
April.
A.
at;
in
B.
in;
in
C.
to;
on
D.
in;
on
9.
Anna
lost
her
way________
a
rainy
night
and
her
mother
was
quite
worried
________
her.
A.
on;
with
B.
on;
about??????
C.
at;
with
D.
at;
about
10.
It’s
time
________
the
weather
report.
Turn
on
the
radio,
please.
A.
to
B.
in
C.
at
D.
for
11.
Mr
Rudolph’d
like
Chinese
tea
________
nothing
in
it.
A.
with
B.
in
C.
on
D.
for
12.
—How
are
you
going
to
the
train
station
to
meet
your
teacher?
—I’m
going
there
________
my
father’s
car.
A.
by
B.
to
C.
in
D.
on
13.
We
are
getting
on
very
well
________
each
other.
A.
to
B.
in??????????????????????
C.
for
D.
with
14.
Taiwan
is
part
of
China.
It
is
________
the
southeast
of
our
country.
A.
to
B.
on
C.
in
D.
at
15.
It’s
very
nice
________
you
to
get
me
two
tickets
________
the
Olympic
Games.
A.
for;
of
B.
of;
for
C.
to;
for
D.
of;
to?
介词短语
接动名词
（doing
sth
）
1.be
interested
in
doing
sth
2.Thanks
for
doing
sth
3.look
at
sb
doing
sth
4.stop
sb
from
doing
sth
5.What/How
doing
sth
?
6.think
about
doing
sth
7.spend
…
(in)doing
sth
8.finish
doing
sth
9.be
busy
doing
sth
10.keep
sb
from
doing
sth
11.be
good
at
doing
sth
12.make
a
living
by
doing
sth
13.feel
like
doing
sth
14.by
doing
sth
15.end
up
doing
sth
16.do
a
survey
about
doing
sth
17.be
afraid
of
doing
sth
18.be
used
to
doing
sth
19.be
terrified
of
doing
sth
20.give
up
doing
sth
21.instead
of
doing
sth
22.have
nothing
against
doing
sth
23.be
serious
about
doing
sth
24.have
a
chance
of
doing
sth
25.before/
when
/while
+doing
sth
26.dream
of
/
about
doing
sth
27.put
off
doing
sth
28.be
used
for
doing
sth
=be
used
to
do
sth
29.prefer
doing
sth
to
doing
sth
30.without
doing
sth
31.look
forward
to
doing
sth
32.be
against
doing
sth
33.have
trouble/problems/difficulty
(in)
doing
sth