高考英语作文概要写作练习附参考习作

Summary
Writing
（一）
When
you
think
of
the
Arctic
(北极),
you
imagine
an
icy
land
of
pure
white
snow.
Others
imagine
it
as
the
last
really
clean
place
left
on
Earth.
We
have
polluted
the
deepest
oceans
with
plastic
trash,
and
now,
CNN
says,
“It’s
the
Arctic’s
turn.”
German
scientists
have
recently
found
microplastics
(微塑料)
in
Arctic
snow,
the
Associated
Press
reported.
Microplastics
are
pieces
of
plastic
smaller
than
5
millimeters.
Sadly,
the
scientists
found
1,800
pieces
of
microplastic
per
liter
of
snow.
How
is
plastic
pollution
reaching
the
Arctic?
According
to
scientists,
“It’s
readily
apparent
(显然的)
that
the
majority
of
the
microplastics
in
the
snow
comes
from
the
air.”
They
fall
off
of
plastic
objects
and
are
moved
by
the
wind,
just
like
dust.
They
mix
with
ice
in
the
air
and
fall
to
the
ground
as
snow.
Finding
these
plastics
in
Arctic
snow
means
that
we
may
breathe
them
in.
An
even
higher
amount
of
microplastic
was
found
in
the
snow
around
cities.
The
high
concentrations
(浓度)
found
in
snow
samples
(样本)
suggest
microplastics,
which
contain
rubber
or
chemicals
used
in
synthetic
fabrics
(合成纤维),
may
cause
significant
air
pollution.
Are
they
bad
for
us?
Scientists
cannot
answer
this
question
for
now,
according
to
the
World
Health
Organization.
We
do
know
that
our
bodies
cannot
take
in
“large”
pieces
of
microplastics.
However,
if
the
plastics
are
small
enough,
they
can
find
ways
into
our
bodies
and
stay
there
for
a
long
time,
which
can
be
bad
for
our
health.
What’s
more,
earlier
studies
have
shown
that
microplastics
may
contribute
to
lung
cancer
risk,
heightening
the
need
to
further
assess
(评估)
the
risks
of
taking
them
in,
the
study
said.
Microplastics
have
also
been
found
in
rivers
and
oceans
around
the
world.
Previous
research
has
found
that
they
flow
over
long
distances
and
into
our
oceans,
damaging
ecosystems
(生态系统)
along
the
way.
They
start
in
our
wastewater
when
we
wash
clothes
with
plastic
fibers.
The
wastewater
then
flows
into
rivers
and
out
to
sea,
where
they
are
eaten
by
sea
animals.
If
people
then
eat
these
animals,
it
means
that
we’re
eating
the
plastic
as
well.
Summary
writing
概要写作：Please
write
a
summary
of
the
article
in
about
60
words.
【文章分析】
该篇文章讲述了科学家在北极的雪中发现了微塑料，并解释了北极微塑料从何而来，以及可能造成的影响。
【
写作建议】
这篇文章是一篇科普类说明文。首先以一项最新的研究发现引入，表明北极被“微塑料雪”污染，由此作者分析了微塑料从何而来，并点明它对空气、海洋河流以及人类健康的可能影响。写概要之前要仔细分析段落之间的关系，看清全文的主线，列出文章的逻辑结构。同时要注意详略得当，突出重点。例如微塑料的成分、具体如何形成可省略不写。
参考答案：
Microplastics
have
been
found
in
Arctic
snow
by
German
scientists.
The
majority
of
them
come
from
the
air.
But
their
higher
concentrations
are
found
in
snow
around
cities,
which
may
lead
to
air
pollution.
In
addition,
if
the
plastics
are
small
enough,
they
can
be
taken
into
our
bodies,
which
may
increase
the
risk
of
lung
cancer.
Previous
studies
also
found
that
microplastics
in
rivers
and
oceans
damage
ecosystems,
meaning
we
may
be
eating
the
plastic
when
we
eat
sea
animals.
.
(二)
When
you
think
of
the
Arctic
(北极),
you
imagine
an
icy
land
of
pure
white
snow.
Others
imagine
it
as
the
last
really
clean
place
left
on
Earth.
We
have
polluted
the
deepest
oceans
with
plastic
trash,
and
now,
CNN
says,
“It’s
the
Arctic’s
turn.”
German
scientists
have
recently
found
microplastics
(微塑料)
in
Arctic
snow,
the
Associated
Press
reported.
Microplastics
are
pieces
of
plastic
smaller
than
5
millimeters.
Sadly,
the
scientists
found
1,800
pieces
of
microplastic
per
liter
of
snow.
How
is
plastic
pollution
reaching
the
Arctic?
According
to
scientists,
“It’s
readily
apparent
(显然的)
that
the
majority
of
the
microplastics
in
the
snow
comes
from
the
air.”
They
fall
off
of
plastic
objects
and
are
moved
by
the
wind,
just
like
dust.
They
mix
with
ice
in
the
air
and
fall
to
the
ground
as
snow.
Finding
these
plastics
in
Arctic
snow
means
that
we
may
breathe
them
in.
An
even
higher
amount
of
microplastic
was
found
in
the
snow
around
cities.
The
high
concentrations
(浓度)
found
in
snow
samples
(样本)
suggest
microplastics,
which
contain
rubber
or
chemicals
used
in
synthetic
fabrics
(合成纤维),
may
cause
significant
air
pollution.
Are
they
bad
for
us?
Scientists
cannot
answer
this
question
for
now,
according
to
the
World
Health
Organization.
We
do
know
that
our
bodies
cannot
take
in
“large”
pieces
of
microplastics.
However,
if
the
plastics
are
small
enough,
they
can
find
ways
into
our
bodies
and
stay
there
for
a
long
time,
which
can
be
bad
for
our
health.
What’s
more,
earlier
studies
have
shown
that
microplastics
may
contribute
to
lung
cancer
risk,
heightening
the
need
to
further
assess
(评估)
the
risks
of
taking
them
in,
the
study
said.
Microplastics
have
also
been
found
in
rivers
and
oceans
around
the
world.
Previous
research
has
found
that
they
flow
over
long
distances
and
into
our
oceans,
damaging
ecosystems
(生态系统)
along
the
way.
They
start
in
our
wastewater
when
we
wash
clothes
with
plastic
fibers.
The
wastewater
then
flows
into
rivers
and
out
to
sea,
where
they
are
eaten
by
sea
animals.
If
people
then
eat
these
animals,
it
means
that
we’re
eating
the
plastic
as
well.
Summary
writing
概要写作Please
write
a
summary
of
the
article
in
about
60
words.
（三）
My
son
Leon’s
passion
for
surfing
began
at
the
age
of
13.
Before
and
after
school
each
day,
he
put
on
his
wetsuit,
picked
up
his
companion,
swam
out
beyond
the
surf
line
and
waited
to
be
challenged
by
his
three-
to
six-foot
friends.
One
afternoon,
the
lifeguard
(救生员)
reported
over
the
phone
to
my
husband
Wilson
that
Leon’s
eye
was
badly
injured
by
his
board.
Wilson
rushed
him
to
the
emergency
room.
He
received
26
stitches
(缝针)
from
the
corner
of
his
eye
to
the
bridge
of
his
nose.
I
was
on
an
airplane
flying
home
from
a
speaking
engagement
(安排)
while
Leon’s
eye
was
being
stitched.
Wilson
drove
directly
to
the
airport
after
they
left
the
doctor’s
office.
He
greeted
me
at
the
gate
and
told
me
Leon
was
waiting
in
the
car.
“Leon?”
I
questioned.
I
remember
thinking
the
waves
must
have
been
bad
that
day.
“He’s
been
in
an
accident,
but
he’s
going
to
be
fine.”
A
traveling
working
mother’s
worst
nightmare
(噩梦)
had
come
true.
I
ran
to
the
car
so
fast
that
the
heel
of
my
shoe
broke
off.
I
swung
open
the
door?
to
see
that
my
youngest
son
had
a
patch
(眼罩)
over
his
eye
and
was
leaning
(倾斜)
toward
me
crying,
“Oh,
Ma,
I’m
so
glad
you’re
home.”
I
cried
in
his
arms
telling
him
how
awful
I
felt
about
not
being
there
when
the
lifeguard
called.
“It’s
okay,
Mom,”
he
comforted
me.
“You
don’t
know
how
to
surf
anyway.”
“What?”
I
asked,
confused
by
his
logic.
“I’ll
be
fine.
The
doctor
says
I
can
go
back
in
the
water
in
eight
days.”
I
wanted
to
tell
him
he
wasn’t
allowed
to
go
near
water
again
until
he
was
35,
but
instead,
I
bit
my
tongue
and
hoped
he
would
forget
about
surfing.
For
the
next
seven
days,
he
kept
pressing
me
to
let
him
surf
again.
One
day
after
I
had
repeated
“No”
to
him
for
the
100th
time,
he
beat
me
at
my
own
game.
“Mom,
you
taught
us
never
to
give
up
what
we
love.”I
gave
in.
Back
then,
Leon
was
just
a
boy
with
a
passion
for
surfing.
Now,
he’s
a
man
with
a
responsibility.
He
ranks
among
the
top
25
professional
surfers
in
the
world.
Passionate
people
embrace
what
they
love
and
never
give
up.
Summary
writing
概要写作Please
write
a
summary
of
the
article
in
about
60
words.
参考答案：
My
son
Leon
loved
surfing
from
13
and
would
surf
every
day.
One
day
he
was
badly
injured
by
his
board.
But
he
still
held
on
to
his
passion
and
persuaded
me
by
pointing
out
that
I
had
taught
him
not
to
give
up
on
what
we
love.
Now
he
is
a
great
surfer.
Passionate
people
never
give
up
on
what
they
love.
(四)
I
spent
one
Sunday
afternoon
helping
my
friend
put
together
the
ice
hockey
(冰球)
net
he’d
just
bought
for
his
kids.
Done,
we
stood
back
and
admired
the
precision
(精密度)
design.
Although
my
childhood
friends
and
I
would’ve
loved
such
a
net,
there
is
a
lot
to
be
said
for
the
way
we
had
to
improvise
(临时变动)
our
hockey
games.
?
Improvising
goal
nets
with
what
we
could
find
made
us
inventive,
taught
us
leadership
and
teamwork
and
was
fun
and
joyful.
Most
often
we
used
boots
(靴子).
Each
goal
was
marked
by
two
boots
spaced
as
equally
apart
as
we
could
manage.
The
trouble
was
that
they
often
went
sliding
when
the
puck
(冰球运动用球)
hit
them
hard
enough.
Those
moments
were
exciting,
as
the
goalie
(守门员)
had
to
chase
a
boot
that
had
moved,
and
reset
it
quickly,
or
risk
someone
taking
advantage
and
scoring
a
goal.
And
we
also
had
to
keep
our
eyes
peeled
for
the
occasional
dishonest
goalie
who
might
move
the
boots
closer
together.
This
situation
led
to
discussions
and
arguments
over
what
might
or
might
not
have
been
a
goal,
but
we
improved
our
debating
skills
in
these
negotiations,
and
learned
to
stand
up
to
kids
who
wanted
to
dominate
(控制)
everyone
else.
Inevitably
(不可避免地),
the
number
of
competitors
would
thin
out
as
moms
called
them
home
for
supper.
This
was
the
best
time.
After
the
hours
of
play,
we
were
sweaty,
red-faced,
wet
and
dirty.
Players
had
to
be
traded
to
keep
the
teams
even,
but
we
managed
the
adjustments
well.
No
time
to
waste
now,
since
soon
it
would
be
dark.
We
joined
our
new
team
no
questions
asked,
just
taking
the
position
on
the
ice
the
captain
pointed
us
to.
Enemies
became
friends.
Another
valuable
life
lesson
learned,
and
no
teacher
or
parent
anywhere
to
be
seen.
With
fewer
players
on
the
ice,
there
was
more
space
to
freewheel.
This
was
a
magical
time.
Virtually
(几乎)
no
rules,
no
stoppages
in
play.
We
are
often
asked
to
identify
goals
that
are
specific
and
measurable.
The
net
we
put
together
for
my
friends’
kids
might
be
like
that.
But
I’ll
raise
a
stick
to
imprecise
goals,
to
playing
under
a
starry
sky
with
boots
as
goalposts
(门柱).
Here’s
to
goals
that
are
boundless.
Summary
writing
概要写作：Please
write
a
summary
of
the
article
in
about
60
words.
参考答案：When
I
helped
put
together
the
ice
hockey
net
for
my
friend’s
kids,
I
thought
about
playing
ice
hockey
when
I
was
a
child.
We
didn’t
have
a
net
so
we
used
boots
as
goalposts.
Because
the
boots
moved
during
the
game
there
were
arguments
and
discussions.
This
improved
our
debating
skills
and
gave
us
the
courage
to
stand
up
for
ourselves.
Many
aspects
of
our
ice
hockey
games
taught
us
to
adjust
and
work
as
a
team.