2020年初中英语中考语法一轮专项复习（22）被动语态知识点整理总结（含练习）

11607800112903002021年初中英语中考语法一轮专项复习（022）被动语态知识点整理总结（含练习）
被动语态
常用时态的被动语态
(1)
一般现在时：am/is/are
+过去分词。
Rice
is
grown
in
south
China.
华南种植水稻。
(2)
一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。
The
glass
was
broken
yesterday.
这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3)
现在进行时：am/is/are
being
+过去分词。
　
The
project
is
being
carried
out.
这个计划正在执行中。
(4)
过去进行时：was/were/being
+过去分词。
This
road
was
being
built
this
time
last
year.
这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5)
一般将来时：will
be
+过去分词。
The
cars
will
be
sent
abroad
by
sea.
这些汽车将由水路运往国外.
(6)
过去将来时：would
be
+过去分词。
The
manager
said
the
project
would
be
completed
by
the
end
of
the
year.
经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7)
现在完成时：have/has
been
+过去分词。
This
novel
has
been
translated
into
several
languages.
这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8)
过去完在时：had
been
+过去分词。
When
I
got
to
the
theatre,
I
found
the
tickets
had
already
been
sold
out.
我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。
被动语态的主要用法
⑴?当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
The
front
window
in
the
classroom
was
broken
yesterday.
昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They
have
been
poorly
paid.
他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
⑵?突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
The
time-table
has
been
changed.
时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These
books
are
written
especially
for
children.
这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)[]
⑶?为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。
You
are
requested
to
make
a
speech
at
next
meeting.
请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It
is
said
that
she
is
going
to
be
married
to
a
foreigner.
据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
⑷?出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。
It
is
generally
considered
impolite
to
ask
one’s
age,
salary,
marriage,
etc.
.
问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。
The
notion
is
especially
opposed
to
by
those
who
have
invested
much
in
the
area.
这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了，若用它作主语，主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)
带双宾语动词的被动语态规律
⑴?有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作
主语)，这类动词主要的有：buy，give，lend，pay，show，teach，tell，offer，leave，award
等：
他给了她一些钱。
主动：He
gave
her
some
money.
(正)
被动：She
was
given
some
money
by
him.
(正)
被动：Some
money
was
given
(to)
her
by
him.
(正)
⑵?有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do，make，pass，sell，sing，write
等：
他给她写了封信。
主动：He
wrote
her
a
letter.
(正)
被动：A
letter
was
written
(to)
her
by
him.
(正)
被动：She
was
written
a
letter
by
him.
(少见)
⑶?有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：answer，refuse，save，spare，deny，envy
等：
他们不允许我入场。
主动：They
refused
me
admittance.
(正)
被动：I
was
refused
admittance
by
them.
(正)
被动：Admittance
was
refused
me
by
them.
(少见)
“get＋过去分词”表被动的用法
⑴?英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成：
James
got
beaten
last
night.
詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
How
did
that
window
get
opened?
那个窗户是如何打开的？
Cleaning
women
in
big
cities
usually
get
paid
by
the
hour.
大城市的清洁女工通常按小时计酬。
⑵?用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见，尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时，用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时，人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解：
The
window
was
broken.
窗户破了(表状态)。/
窗户被打破了(表动作)
The
window
got
broken.
窗户被打破了(表动作)
表示“据说”的三类被动句型
(1)
It
is
said
that…句式
It
is
said
that
honesty
is
the
best
policy.
人们说诚实是上策。
It
is
said
that
thirteen
is
an
unlucky
number.
?据说13是一个不吉利的数字。
It
is
said
that
those
who
eat
the
most
are
the
least
healthy.
据说吃得最多的人身体最差。
注：其它类似结构还有：
It’s
supposed
to
be
very
good.
据说它质量很好。
It’s
expected
that
the
war
would
end
soon.
预计战争不久即可结束。
It
is
reported
that
another
earth
satellite
has
been
put
into
orbit.
据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。
(2)
There
is
said
that…句式
There
is
said
to
be
plenty
of
oil
off
our
coast.
据信我们近海有大量石油。
注：其它类似表达还有：
There
is
supposed
to
be
a
train
at
9:30.
九点半应有一班火车。
There
are
known
to
be
thousands
of
different
species
of
beetles.
据了解，有成千上万种不同的甲虫。
(3)
sb
/
sth
is
said
that…句式：其意为“据说”，
Mr.
Brown
is
said
to
have
died
of
liver
cancer.
据说布朗先生死于肝癌。
注：其它类似表达还有：
The
strike
is
expected
to
end
soon.
估计罢工不久就可结束。
He
is
believed
to
have
already
got
out
of
the
country.
据信他已离开这个国家。
两类被动句型的转换
英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子，
大家相信她是诚实的。
People
believed
that
she
is
honest.
→?It’s
believed
that
she
is
honest.
[]
→?She
is
believed
to
be
honest.
比较上面两类被动句型可以发现，一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”，另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语)，通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume,
believe,
expect,
fear,
feel,
know,
presume,
report,
say,
suppose,
think,
understand等，比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化)：
It’s
expected
that
he
will
come
soon.
=
He
is
expected
to
come
soon.
预计他很快就会来。
It’s
expected
that
he
has
come.
=He
is
expected
to
have
come.
估计他会已经来了。
It’s
known
that
is
a
good
singer.
=He
is
known
to
be
a
good
singer.
大家知道他是位优秀的歌手。
It’s
known
that
was
a
good
singer.
?=He
is
known
to
have
been
a
good
singer.
大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。?
不用于被动语态的情形
⑴?不及物动词没有被动语态
因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的，很容易出错，这类动词如：take
place(发生)，happen(发生)，come
about(发生)，break
out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，arise(出现，发生)等：
A
fire
broke
out
during
the
night.
夜间发生了火灾。
Influenza
usually
breaks
out
in
winter.
流感通常发生在冬季。
Use
this
money
when
the
need
arises.
有需要时就使用这笔钱。
⑵?某些静态动词不用于被动语态
英语有些静态动词(如have,
lack,
fit,
hold,
suit,
resemble
等)通常不用于被动语态，如以下各句均不能变为被动语态：
My
shoes
don’t
fit
me.
我的鞋不合适。
The
young
man
lacks
experience.
这个年轻人缺乏经验。
The
hall
holds
1000
people.
大厅可容纳1000人。
⑶宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语，所以当它们用作动词宾语时，句子不能转换成被动语态：
We
should
help
each
other.
我们应该互相帮助。
He
could
see
himself
in
the
mirror.
他在镜子中可以看到自己。?
非谓语动词的被动语态
⑴?不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to
be+过去分词”构成。源:]
She
asked
to
be
given
some
work
to
do.
她要求给她一些工作做。
He
was
the
last
person
to
be
asked
to
speak.
他是最后被邀请发言的人。
⑵?不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to
have
been+过去分词”构成。
I
should
like
to
have
been
told
the?result
earlier.
我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。
⑶?现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。
I
saw
him
being
taken
away.
我看见有人把他带走了。
Being
protected
by
a
wall,
he
felt
quite
safe.
有墙作保护，他感到很安全。
⑷现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having
been+过去分词”构成。
Having
been
invited
to
speak,
I’ll
start
making
preparations
tomorrow.
因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。
The
subject
having
been
opened，he
had
to
go
on
with
it.
话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。
⑸?动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。
She
likes
being
looked
at.
她喜欢被人瞧。
⑹动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having
been+过去分词”构成。
Jenny’s
not
having
been
trained
as
a
dancer
is
her
one
regret.
杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
After
having
been
instructed
to
drive
out
of
town,
I
began
to
acquire
confidence.
在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始信心十足了。
注：过去分词没有被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动意义。
The
door
remained
locked.
门仍然锁着。
被动语态练习题
一、单项选择：
1.
Only
thirty-eight
ideas
?????by
the
newspaper.
A.
choose
?????????????
B.
chose
???
C.
was
chosen
?????
D.
were
chosen
2.
As
usual,
Meihua
????at
6:30
this?morning
by
her
mother
to
get
ready
?for
school.
A.
has
woken
up
???
B.
woke
up
???
C.
wakes
up
???????????
D.
was
woken
up
3.
?A
neighbour
helped
to
keep
our
dog.
It????while
we
were
on
holiday.
A.
was
taken
care
??????
B.
took
care
of
C.
is
taken
care
of
?????
D.
was
taken
care
of
4.
At
the
end
of
the
meeting
Miss
Green????two
minutes
to
decide
whether
she
should
join
the
project
or
not.
A.
gave
????????????????
B.
had
given
??
C.
was
given
???????
D.
was
giving
5.
Mr.
Johnson’s
story???by?everyone
who
heard
it.(
A.
laughed
at
????
B.
was
laughed
???
C.
laughed
????????
D.
was
laughed
at
6.
If
the
work
________,you
can
go
and
play
games.
A.
finished
???
B.
has
finished
???
C.
will
be
finished
???
D.
is
finished
7.
It
was
raining
heavily
outside,
the
children
were
made
____in
the
classroom.
A.
stay
?????????
B.
to
stay
???????????
C.
staying
??????????
D.
stayed
8.
?Kate
____
the
letter
before
her
mother
came
into
her
bedroom.
A.
has
written
???
B.
was
written
????
C.
had
written
??
D.
is
writing
9.
To
make
our
city
more
beautiful,
rubbish
______
into
the
river.
A.
needn’t
be
thrown
????????????????
B.
mustn’t
be
thrown
C.
can’t
throw
??????????????????????????
D.
may
not
throw
10.
I
like
my
bike.
It
________
very
well.
A.
rides
????????
B.
is
riding
???????
C.
is
ridden
??????
D.
has
ridden
11.
—I
won’t
come
to
the
party
unless
Tom
______,
too.
???—You
mean
if
Tom
comes
,you’ll
come.
A.?will
invite
???
B.?invites
??????
C.?invited
?????
D.
is
invited
12.
?Everyone
who
heard
?Mr.
Green’s
story
____
it.
A.
laughed
at
???
B.
was
laughed
????
C.
laughed
????
D.
was
laughed
at
13.
?The
children
must
_______.
A.
look
after
????????????????????????
B.
be
taken
good
care
??????
C.
look
the
same
?????????????????
D.
be
taken
good
care
of
14.
The
woman
still
doesn’t
know
what
_______
in
her
hometown
??while
she
was
away.
A.?happens
???
B.?happened
???
C.?will
happen
??
D.
was
happened
15.
—
I
saw
you
were
on
foot
this
morning.
?—Yes.
My
bike
___________.
A.?is
mending
?????????????????????
B.
is
being
mended
C.
is
mended
??????????????????????
D.
is
being
mending
二、
用所给动词适当的形式填空
16.
---Did
you
go
to
the
party?
---No,
I
____________(invite)
17.The
bridge
______________
in
three
weeks.(finish)
18.You
can
go
out
if
your
homework
______(do)
19.This
is
one
of
the
things
that
_________(see)
that
day.
20.This
is
the
only
one
of
the
things
that
_________(see)
that
day.
21.When
_____?PRC
______(found)?
22.You
should
get
your
shoes
_______(wash)
23.
They
said
they
____________
(invite)
to
the
party
already.
24.
The
trains
____________(
produce)
in
Zhuzhou.
25.
Young
trees
should
_________(water)
often.
三、句型转换
26.Do
they
often
talk
about
this
question?
__
this
question
often
____
about
___??___?
27.Doesn’t
Bob
clean
the
street
every
day?
______the
street
______
by
Bob
every
day?
28.He
told
us
to
get
to
school
early.
___________to
get
to
school
early
by
him.
29.
Beijing
will
hold
the
24th
Olympic
Winter
Games
in
2020.
The
24th
Olympic?Winter
Games
_____________
by
Beijing?in
2020.
30.
They
saw
the
boy
playing
basketball
at
?3:00
yesterday.
The
boy_________________________
at
?3:00
yesterday.
答案
1--5
DDDBD
?6--10
DBCBA
?11--15DADBB
二、
16.wasn’t
invited???17.will
be
finished
18.?is
done?????????19.were
seen
20.was
seen
???????21.?was
founded????
22.?washed?????????23.have
been
sent????
24.had
been
invited??25.are
produced
三、
26.?Is
???talked????by
them
27.Isn’t
???cleaned
28.
We
were
told
29.will
be
held
30.was
seen
to
play
basketball