中考英语语法备考二轮专题---- 定语从句（讲解及练习含答案）

中考英语语法备考秘籍
—
定语从句
【知识方法】
先行词：名词或代词
定语从句
关系代词
关系词
关系副词
【
知
识
清
单】
定
语
从
句
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词
叫先行词。
定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、
which、
whose和关系副词where
、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，
在定语从句中担当某一成份。
关系代词、副词
作用
先行词
例句
that，
who，whom(只做宾语)
主语宾语表语
人
Do
you
know
the
girl
who／that
is
standing
under
a
tree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?
that，which
主语宾语表语
物、时间、地点、原因
She
got
a
computer
which／that
her
parents
bought
for
her．她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。
whose
定语
人物
The
boy
whose
father
is
a
doctor
studies
very
hard．他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。The
classroom
whose
window
is
open
is
mine．窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。
when
状语
时间
I
still
remember
the
day
when
you
leave
for
Beijing．我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。
where
状语
地点
This
is
the
school
where
my
mother
works．这就是我妈妈工作的学校。
why
状语
原因
Could
you
explain
the
reason
why
you
were
late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?
二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)：
1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。
This
is
the
pen
that
you
are
looking
for.
The
girl
that
has
long
hair
is
my
sister.
2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。
The
bike
which
is
made
in
Tianjin
sells
well.
The
fish
which
we
bought
were
not
fresh.
3．who,
whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。
The
boy
who
broke
the
window
is
called
Tom.
The
person
to
whom
he
is
talking
is
my
father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语)
4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。
The
girl
whose
bag
is
new
is
called
Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)
He
lives
in
a
house
whose
widows
open
to
the
south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子。(指物)
三、只用which不用that的情况：
1．在介词后只用which，不能用that。
This
is
the
bank
in
which
the
robbery
happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。
2．先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that。
The
clock
is
that
which
tells
the
time.钟表是用来报时的。
四、只用that不用which的情况：
1．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。
This
is
the
most
beautiful
mountain
that
I
have
seen.
这是我所见过的最美丽的山。
2．先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。
The
first
English
novel
that
I
read
was
Thirty-nine
Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。
3.
先行词前有all,
any,
no,
little,
much,
many,
the
only,
the
very,
the
last等修饰词时只能用that。
Here
are
all
the
books
that
I
have.　这就是我所有的书。
This
is
the
only
book
that
I
like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。
4．先行词是everything,
something,
anything,
all,
none,
much,
little,
many,
few等不定代词时，只能用that。
Finally,
the
thief
handed
in
everything
that
he
had
stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。
5．先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用that。
I
can
remember
the
people
and
some
pictures
that
I
saw
in
the
room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。
6．先行词是the
one时，只能用that。
This
is
the
one
that
you
want.　这就是你想要的。
7．在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。
Who
is
the
girl
that
is
standing
there?
站在那边的那个女孩是谁？
五、在介词后只能用whom，不能用who。
The
girl
to
whom
I
talked
just
now
is
from
America.
我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。
六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。
Tom
is
one
of
the
boys
who
are
from
the
USA.
Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。
Tom
is
the
only
boy
that
is
from
the
USA.
Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩。
七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题：
当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，要加介词或副词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后，不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前。)
He
is
the
old
man
who/whom
we
looked
after
last
year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。
That
is
the
book
which
I
am
looking
for.那就是我要找的书。
八、关系副词when与where的使用：
1．when指时间：
I
will
never
forget
the
time
when
we
worked
on
the
farm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。
2．where指地点(where=in等介词＋which)：
This
is
the
house
where(=in
which)
he
lived
last
year.这是他去年住的房子。
九、定语从句与作定语的①动词不定式、②介词短语、③现在分词短语、④过去分词短语的转换：
She
has
much
work
that
she
must
do.=She
has
much
work
to
do.她有许多要做的工作。
The
man
in
the
car
is
Mr.
Green.=The
man
who
is
in
the
car
is
Mr.
Green.在车上的人是格林先生。
The
girl
watering
flowers
there
is
my
sister.=The
girl
who
is
watering
flowers
there
is
my
sister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。
The
boy
saved
in
the
river
has
come
back
to
life.=
The
boy
who
was
saved
in
the
river
has
come
back
to
life.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了。
1.
用合适的关系词完成句子。
1
The
man
______
/______
was
here
yesterday
is
a
painter.
2
The
man
______
/______
/______
/______
I
saw
is
called
Smith.
3
A
child
______
parents
are
dead
is
called
an
orphan.
4
I’d
like
a
room
______
window
looks
out
over
the
sea.
5
A
letter
______
/_____
is
written
in
pencil
is
hard
to
read.
6
The
letter
______
/
______
/______
I
received
from
him
yesterday
is
very
important.
7
That
is
the
boy
______
/
______
/
______
/
______
you
are
looking
for.
8
Do
you
know
the
reason
______
he
was
late
for
the
meeting？
9
This
is
the
school
______
I
used
to
study.
10
I
still
remember
the
day
______
we
met
for
the
first
time.
【答案】
1.
who/that
2.
who/that/whom/不填
3.
whose
4.
whose
5.
Which/that
6.
Which/that/不填
7.
Who/that/whom/不填
8.
Why
9.
Where
10.
when
2
/
5