Unit
2 Robots
About
robots
A
robot
is
a
machine
which
is
designed
to
do
the
work
of
a
human
being.
It
is
usually
controlled
by
a
computer.
Once
it
has
been
given
a
set
of
things
to
do,
it
will
do
the
job
on
its
own.
Robots
can
paint
cars,
salvage
(抢救)
nuclear
fuel
and
even
assist
in
brain
surgery
(外科手术),
but
they're
still
pretty
dumb.
Today
robots
can
recognize
forms
and
shapes
and
measure
distance
and
so
on.
Many
robots
have
one
or
two
of
these
abilities
to
some
degree,
but
creating
a
competent
(有能力的)
robot
that
combines
most
or
all
of
them
has
been
difficult.
Current
(目前的)
robots
have
advanced
sensory
systems
that
process
information
and
appear
to
function
as
if
they
had
brains.
Their
“brain”
is
actually
a
form
of
computerized
artificial
intelligence
(Al).
Al
allows
a
robot
to
perceive
conditions
and
decide
upon
a
course
of
action
based
on
those
conditions.
A
robot
can
include
any
of
the
following
parts：
effectors
—
“arms”“legs”“hands”“feet”
sensors
—
parts
that
act
like
senses
and
can
detect
(侦测)
objects
or
things
like
heat
and
light
and
change
the
object
information
into
symbols
that
computers
understand
computer
—
the
brain
that
contains
instructions
called
algorithms
(规则系统)
to
control
the
robot
equipment
—
this
includes
tools
and
mechanical
fixtures
(机械手臂)
开启快乐学习之旅
未来的机器人会是什么样子，现在的机器人由哪些部分构成，它们主要应用在哪些领域？阅读本文，了解机器人的一些基本常识吧！Unit
2 Robots
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．desire
vi.
渴望；欲望；渴求；vt.
希望得到；想要
2．satisfaction
n.
满意；满足；令人满意的事物
satisfy
vt.
使满意；使满足
satisfied
adj.
感到满意的；感到满足的
3．alarm
vt.
使警觉；使惊恐；惊动；n.
警报；惊恐
alarmed
adj.
担心的；害怕的
4．sympathy
n.
同情(心)
5．elegant
adj.
优雅的；高雅的；讲究的
6．favour
n.
喜爱；恩惠；vt.
喜爱；偏袒
7．scan
vt.
细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描
8．absurd
adj.
荒谬的；可笑的
9．accompany
vt.
陪伴；伴奏
company
n.
陪伴；公司
10．awful
adj.
极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的
11．declare
vt.
宣布；声明；宣称；表明
12．envy
vt.
忌妒；羡慕
envious
adj.
嫉妒的；羡慕的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．test_out
考验出；检验完
2．ring_up
给……打电话
3．turn_around
转身；翻转
4．leave...alone
不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．It＋be＋adj.＋that...
It_was_disturbing_and_frightening_that
he
looked
so
human.
他长得如此像人，令人不安和害怕。
2．表地点的副词there位于句首引起的倒装句
As
she
turned
around,
there_stood
Gladys
Claffern.
她一转身，就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那儿。
3．cannot
have
sb.doing
sth.
不能容忍某人做某事
But
even
though
Tony
had
been
so
clever,
he
would
have
to
be
rebuilt
—
you
cannot_have_women_falling_in_love_with
machines.
但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得作一番改造——总不能让女人与机器人相爱吧。
课文预读
SATISFACTION①
GUARANTEED
Larry
Belmont
worked
for
a
company
that
made
robots②.
Recently
it
had
begun
experimenting
with
a
household③
robot.
It
was
going
to
be
tested
out④
by
Larry's
wife,
Claire.
Claire
didn't
want
the
robot
in
her
house,
especially
as
her
husband
would
be
absent⑤
for
three
weeks⑥，
but
Larry
persuaded
her
that
the
robot
wouldn't
harm
her
or
allow
her
to
be
harmed.
It
would
be
a
bonus⑦.
However,
when
she
first
saw
the
robot,
she
felt
alarmed⑧.
His
name
was
Tony
and
he
seemed
more
like
a
human
than
a
machine⑨.
He
was
tall
and
handsome
with
smooth
hair
and
a
deep
voice
although
his
facial
expression
never
changed.
①satisfaction/?s?tIs'f?k?n/n.
满意；满足；令人满意的事物
②that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a
company。
③household/'ha?sh??ld/adj.
家庭的；家用的 n．一家人；家庭
④test
out考验出；检验完
⑤absent
adj.不在的；缺席的
⑥as
her
husband
would
be
absent...是as引导的时间状语从句。
⑦bonus/'b??n?s/n.
额外津贴；奖金；红利
⑧alarmed/?'lɑ?md/adj.
担心的；害怕的
alarm/?'lɑ?m/vt.
使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n.
警报；惊恐
⑨more...than...与其说……倒不如说……
包君满意
[第1～2段译文]
拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家生产机器人的公司里工作。最近，该公司要对一个家用机器人进行试验。这项试验将由拉里的夫人克莱尔来检验。
克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是当她丈夫将要离家三周的时候，但是拉里说服了她，他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人来伤害她。这会是个意外的收获。然而，她初次见到机器人的时候就感到有点儿担心。机器人名叫托尼，看上去更像一个人，而不像台机器。他虽然面部表情毫无变化，但是个子高大，相貌英俊，头发平整，声音低沉浑厚。
On
the
second
morning
Tony,
wearing
an
apron⑩，
brought
her
breakfast
and
then
asked
her
whether
she
needed
help
dressing?.
She
felt
embarrassed?
and
quickly
told
him
to
go.
It
was
disturbing?
and
frightening
that
he
looked
so
human?.
One
day,
Claire
mentioned
that
she
didn't
think
she
was
clever.
Tony
said
that
she
must
feel
very
unhappy
to
say
that.
Claire
thought
it
was
ridiculous?
to
be
offered
sympathy?
by
a
robot.
But
she
began
to
trust
him.
She
told
him
how
she
was
overweight?
and
this
made
her
feel
unhappy.
Also
she
felt
her
home
wasn't
elegant?
enough
for
someone
like
Larry
who
wanted
to
improve
his
social
position?.
She
wasn't
like
Gladys
Claffern,
one
of
the
richest
and
most
powerful
women
around.
⑩apron/'eIpr?n/n.
围裙
?本句是主从复合句。whether引导宾语从句。现在分词短语wearing
an
apron作定语，修饰Tony。
?embarrassed
adj.
难堪的；尴尬的
?disturbing
adj.
引起烦恼的；令人不安的
?在句式It
is＋adj.＋that...中，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
?ridiculous
adj.
可笑的；荒谬的
?sympathy/'sImp?θI/n.
同情(心)
?overweight/???v?'weIt/adj.
超重的；体重超常的
?elegant/'elIɡ?nt/adj.
优雅的；高雅的；讲究的
?who
wanted
to
improve
his
social
position是who引导的定语从句，修饰Larry。
[第3～4段译文]
第二天早晨，托尼戴着围裙，给她端来了早餐，然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。她感到有点儿尴尬，很快就打发他走了。机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
有一天，克莱尔说起，她觉得她自己不聪明。托尼则说，她一定是很不高兴，才会说出这样的话来。克莱尔觉得，被一个机器人同情有点荒唐。但是她开始信任托尼了。她告诉托尼她是怎么变胖的，这让她很不高兴。还有对于像拉里这样很想提高社会地位的人来说，她的家也不够高雅。她跟格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样，格拉迪丝是远近闻名的最有钱有势的女人之一。
[第5～6段译文]
托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得更聪明，使她的家变得更高雅大方。于是克莱尔从图书馆借来一堆书给托尼阅读，更确切地说给他浏览一下。她惊奇地看着他的手指翻动着书页，忍不住突然伸出手来摸他的手。他的手指甲和他那柔软温暖的皮肤使她感到大为惊异。她在想，这是多么可笑啊，他只不过是一台机器呀。
托尼给克莱尔换了个发型，又改变了她的化妆风格。因为不被允许陪克莱尔去商店，托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。克莱尔进城去买了窗帘、坐垫、地毯和床上用品。然后她去了一家珠宝店买项链。柜台售货员对她很粗鲁，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼讲话。售货员马上就改变了态度。克莱尔对托尼表示感谢，并说他是个“可爱的人”。她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。克莱尔想，被格拉迪丝发现了，这多么难为情啊。从格拉迪丝脸上的那有趣而又惊讶的神情来看，克莱尔知道，格拉迪丝认为她有风流韵事。毕竟格拉迪丝知道她的丈夫叫拉里，而不叫托尼。
[第7～8段译文]
克莱尔回到家里，坐在扶手椅上气得直哭。格拉迪丝的一举一动都是克莱尔想模仿的。托尼告诉克莱尔：“你可以同格拉迪丝一样，”他还建议克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友到家里来玩，时间就定在托尼离去和拉里回家之前的那个晚上。托尼想在此之前将房子改装得焕然一新。
托尼有条不紊地搞着装修。克莱尔有一次想来帮忙，但是太笨手笨脚了。她竟从梯子上掉了下来，尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间里，但他还是及时赶过来把她接住了。他把她紧紧地搂在怀里，她感觉到了他身上的温暖。她尖叫了起来，把他推开，跑回她的房里，那天她就再也没有出来过。
[第9～10段译文]
聚会的那天晚上来到了。时钟敲响八点。客人马上就要到来了，克莱尔叫托尼到另一个房间里去。就在那一瞬间，托尼弯曲胳膊搂着她，弯下身去把脸贴近她的脸。她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。就在这时，前门的门铃响了。托尼放开了她，消失得无影无踪了。也就在这时，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。她的客人们把这一切看得一清二楚！
克莱尔和她的房子、美食给女士们留下了深刻的印象。就在她们离开之前，克莱尔听到格拉迪丝跟另外一个女人小声地说，她从来没有见过像托尼这样英俊的男人。受到那些女士的忌妒，这该是多么甜美的胜利！克莱尔也许并没有她们那样漂亮，但是她们中没有任何一个人拥有这样英俊的情人。
[第11～12段译文]
这时候，她记起来了——托尼只不过是一台机器。她高声嚷着“让我独自待一会儿”就跑上床。克莱尔哭了一个晚上。第二天早晨一辆汽车开来，把托尼带走了。
公司对托尼同克莱尔相处三个星期的实验报告非常满意。托尼保护了一个人免受伤害。他使克莱尔没有因为她的失败感而伤害自己。那天晚上他拉开窗帘以便让其他女人看到了他和克莱尔，他明白这么做对克莱尔的婚姻并不造成危害。但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得作一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。
课文理解
Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F)
1．Larry
was
going
to
be
away
from
home
so
he
hired
a
robot
to
accompany
his
wife.( F )
2．Claire
didn't
like
the
idea
at
the
beginning,
but
she
agreed
to
it
at
last.( T )
3．Tony
could
understand
Claire
when
she
said
she
was
not
clever.( T )
4．It
was
Claire
that
first
decided
to
invite
Gladys
and
her
friends
to
her
house.( F )
5．Claire's
guests
were
filled
with
admiration
when
they
saw
her
house
was
completely
changed.( T )
6．The
company
was
satisfied
with
Tony's
report
because
he
had
successfully
made
a
woman
fall
in
love
with
him.( F )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Why
did
Claire
feel
alarmed
at
the
sight
of
Tony?
A．Because
he
was
a
robot.
B．Because
she
didn't
like
him.
C．Because
he
was
more
like
a
human
being
than
a
machine.
D．Because
he
never
changed
his
facial
expressions.
答案：C
2．The
robot
Tony
helped
Claire
to
realize
her
dream
by
________.
A．making
her
home
more
elegant
B．giving
her
a
new
haircut
and
changing
the
makeup
she
wore
C．giving
her
advice
on
her
dresses
D．all
the
above
答案：D
3．Why
did
Claire
buy
the
items
from
the
shop?
A．Because
her
husband
was
to
return.
B．Because
Tony
was
to
leave.
C．Because
Tony
wanted
the
house
transformed.
D．Because
she
thought
she
needed
them.
答案：C
4．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
the
reason
why
Tony
opened
the
curtains?
A．To
let
other
women
see
everything.
B．To
show
the
risk
of
Claire's
marriage.
C．To
let
other
women
envy
Claire.
D．To
make
Claire
elegant
just
like
her
neighbor.
答案：B
5．As
a
result,
the
experiment
shows
________.
A．Claire
fell
in
love
with
Tony
B．Tony
had
to
be
rebuilt
C．Tony
was
angry
with
his
designer
D．Both
A
and
B
答案：D
Ⅲ.课文难句分析
1．Claire
didn't
want
the
robot
in
her
house,
especially
as
her
husband
would
be
absent
for
three
weeks,
but
Larry
persuaded
her
that
the
robot
wouldn't
harm
her
or
allow
her
to
be
harmed.
[句式分析] 本句是but连接的并列句。第一个分句中含有as引导的原因状语从句；第二个分句中that引导宾语从句。
[自主翻译] 克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是丈夫离家的这三周。但是拉里说服她，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人伤害她。
2．She
cried
out
“Tony”
and
then
heard
him
declare
that
he
didn't
want
to
leave
her
the
next
day
and
that
he
felt
more
than
just
the
desire
to
please
her.
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句。heard
him
declare...是“hear＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；declare后接两个并列的宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，而第二个that则不能省略。
[自主翻译] 她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。
3．He
had
opened
the
curtains
that
night
so
that
the
other
women
would
see
him
and
Claire,
knowing
that
there
was
no
risk
to
Claire's
marriage.
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句。so
that引导目的状语从句；knowing
that
there
was
no
risk
to
Claire's
marriage为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中that引导宾语从句，作know的宾语。
[自主翻译] 那晚他拉开了窗帘，以便让其他女士看到他和克莱尔，并且知道那不会对克莱尔的婚姻带来风险的。
1
(教材P10)Do
you
think
it
is
possible
for
a
robot
to
have
its
own
needs
and
desires?
你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和欲望吗？
(1)have
a
desire
for
sth. 渴望得到某物
have
a
desire
to
do
sth.
渴望做某事
(2)desire
to
do
sth.
渴望做某事
desire
sb.to
do
sth.
想要某人做某事
desire
that...
渴望……(从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略)
[温馨提示]
当desire后接同位语从句、表语从句或者宾语从句时，that从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，且should可省略。
[即学即用]
(1)He
has
a
strong
desire
for
knowledge/to
learn
knowledge.
他有强烈的求知欲。
(2)The
desire
to
help
others
must
come
from
the
deep
heart.
帮助别人的愿望必须来自内心深处。
(3)He
has
a
desire
that
his
books
(should)_be_read
by
as
many
people
as
possible.
他有一个愿望，即他的书能够被尽可能多的人阅读。
(4)He
is
an
aggressive
young
man,
who
always
desires_to
be
first
in
everything
he
does.
他是一个进取心强的年轻人，任何他做的事他都想得第一。
2
(教材P11)However,
when
she
first
saw
the
robot,
she
felt
alarmed.
然而当她初次见到机器人的时候，她感到惊恐。
(1)in
alarm 惊恐地
sound/give/raise
the
alarm
发出警报；敲警钟
(2)be
alarmed
at/by...
被……吓一跳；对……感到担心
be/feel/get
alarmed
to
do...
做……感到惊恐
(3)alarmed
adj.
受惊的，惊恐的
alarming
adj.
引起惊恐的；令人担忧的
[即学即用]
(1)We
were
much
alarmed
by
the
fire
in
the
forest
at
the
time.
当时森林失火使我们大为惊慌。
(2)As
soon
as
he
saw
the
smoke,
he
sounded
the
alarm.
一看见烟雾，他就鸣响了警报。
(3)用alarm的正确形式填空
①I
am
rather
alarmed
to
hear
that
you
are
planning
to
leave
the
company.
②I
don't
want
to
alarm
you,
but
there
is
a
strange
man
in
your
garden.
③The
rainforests
are
disappearing
at
an
alarming
rate.
④“What
have
you
done？”
Mary
cried
in
alarm.
3
(教材P11)Claire
thought
it
was
ridiculous
to
be
offered
sympathy
by
a
robot.
克莱尔觉得被一个机器人同情有点儿荒唐可笑。
feel/have
sympathy
for
sb.
同情某人
in
sympathy
with
同情；赞同；支持
out
of
sympathy
出于同情
have
no/some/etc.
sympathy
with
不支持，不赞同/赞同，支持……
[即学即用]
(1)The
man
is
cold?hearted
and
he
has
no
sympathy
for
beggars.
这个人很冷血，他不同情乞丐。
(2)The
woman
expressed
sympathy
for
the
little
girl's
sufferings.
这位女士对小女孩的遭遇表示同情。
(3)I'm
in_sympathy_with
you
on
that
point.
在那一点上我支持你的看法。
(4)He
gave
the
poor
child
much
help
out_of_sympathy.
出于同情他给了这个穷孩子很多帮助。
4
(教材P11)As
a
favour
Tony
promised
to
help
Claire
make
herself
smarter
and
her
home
more
elegant.
托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得更漂亮，使她的家变得更高雅大方。
(1)do
sb.a
favour＝do
a
favour
for
sb.
帮某人的忙
ask
sb.a
favour＝ask
a
favour
of
sb.
请某人帮忙
in
favour
of...
支持……
in
sb's
favour
对某人有利
(2)favourite
adj.
特别喜欢的
favourable
adj.
赞同的；有利的
[即学即用]
(1)Do
me
a
favour
and
turn
the
radio
down
while
I'm
on
the
phone,
will
you?
劳驾，我在打电话时你把收音机的声音调小点儿好吗？
(2)We
are
in
favour
of
her
promotion
to
president.
我们支持把她提升为主席。
(3)The
weather
favoured
our
voyage.
天气对我们的航行有利。
(4)读句子猜favour的含义
A
mother
shouldn't
show
too
much
favour
to
one
of
her
children.
偏爱
(5)The
rule
is
in
most_people's_favour.
这个规定对大多数人有利。
(6)While
listening,
you
can
nod
your
head
to
show
you
are
in_favour_of
her
views.
在听的时候，你可以点头表示你赞同她的观点。
5
(教材P11)As
he
was
not
allowed
to
accompany
her
to
the
shops,
he
wrote
out
a
list
of
items
for
her.
因为克莱尔不让托尼陪她去商店，所以托尼就给她写了份购物清单。
(1)accompany
sb.to
sp. 陪某人去某地
accompany
sb.on/at
sth.
用……给某人伴奏
(2)keep
sb.company
陪伴某人
[温馨提示]
(1)通常不用accompany
sb.to
do
sth.结构；
(2)accompany(陪伴，伴随)是及物动词，其后无需用介词。但用于被动语态时，其后可接介词with或by。
[即学即用]
(1)Yesterday
I
accompanied
my
mother
to
the
shop.
昨天我陪着妈妈去了商店。
(2)Strong
winds
were
accompanied
by
heavy
rain.
狂风夹杂着暴雨。
(3)The
singer
was_accompanied
on
the
piano
by
her
elder
sister.
女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。
(4)陪伴那位老人的是一条狗。(一句多译)
What
accompanies
the
old
man
is
a
dog.
＝What
keeps
the
old
man
company
is
a
dog.
6
(教材P11)She
cried
out
“Tony”
and
then
heard
him
declare
that
he
didn't
want
to
leave
her
the
next
day
and
that
he
felt
more
than
just
the
desire
to
please
her.
她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。
declare
for/against 声明赞成/反对
declare
sb./sth.(to
be)＋adj./n.
声称某人/某事……
declare＋that从句
宣布/宣告……
declare
war
on/upon/against
对……宣战
declare
it＋adj.＋wh?从句
宣称……
it
is/was＋declared＋that从句
据宣布……
[易混辨析]
(1)declare指在庄严场合，官方的权威人士公开、郑重地宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度。
(2)announce指对公众或特定人群进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事和商品信息等。
[即学即用]
(1)They
will
declare
the
results
of
the
election
soon.
他们将很快宣布选举的结果。
(2)The
judge
declared
him
(to
be)
the
winner
of
the
competition.
裁判宣布他为比赛的冠军。
(3)She
declared
(that)
she
was
right.
她宣称她是正确的。
(4)Germany
declared
war
on/upon/against
France
in
1914.
德国在1914年向法国宣战了。
(5)选词填空(declare/announce)
①The
Republic
of
South
Sudan
declared
itself
independence
in
2011.
②They
announced
the
date
of
their
wedding
in
the
newspaper.
(6)根据汉语提示完成句子
①The
government
is
going
to
declare_war_on/against/upon
(向……宣战)
pollution.
②The
monitor
announced_that
(通知)
there
would
be
an
English
party
next
Tuesday.
③The
spokesman
of
the
Foreign
Ministry
will
announce_the_
news_to
(向……发布新闻)
the
reporters.
1
(教材P11)When
the
clerk
at
the
counter
was
rude
to
her,
she
rang
Tony
up
and
told
the
clerk
to
speak
to
him.
当柜台的售货员粗鲁地对待她时，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼说话。
ring
off
挂断电话
ring
back
回电话
ring
out
(钟声)响起；送别
[即学即用]
①I
rang
her
up
yesterday,
but
nobody
answered
it.
我昨天打过(电话)给她了，但无人回应。
②I
was
about
to
answer
the
phone
when
it
was
rung
off.
我正要接电话，这时电话被挂断了。
③Can
you
hear
the
church
bells
ringing
out
the
old
year?
你能听到教堂的钟声在辞送旧岁吗？
[名师点津] 表示“给某人打电话”的表达还有：call
up,
give...a
call/ring,
phone/call/telephone...等。
2
(教材P11)As
she
turned
around,
there
stood
Gladys
Claffern.
她一转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
turn
round 转身
turn
down
拒绝；调小
turn
up
出现；调高
turn
over
翻转；移交
turn
to
转向；翻到；求助于
turn
in
上交
turn
out
结果是
[即学即用]
①She
turned
around/round
and
saw
her
companion
running
toward
her
out
of
breath.
她转过身来，看见她的同伴气喘吁吁地向她跑来。
②I
am
afraid
your
request
for
a
pay
rise
was
turned
down
again.
恐怕你们要增加工资的要求又一次被拒绝。
③We
were
all
overjoyed
at
the
news
that
the
experiment
turned
out
a
success.
听到这个试验成功的消息，我们都非常高兴。
④Having
read
page
one,
she
turned
over
to
page
two.
读完了第一页，她翻到第二页。
3
leave...alone
不管；别惹；让一个人待着；和……单独在一起
(教材P12)She
shouted
“Leave
me
alone”
and
ran
to
her
bed.
她高声喊：“让我独自待一会儿！”然后就跑向她的床上。
leave
out 省去；遗漏
leave
aside
搁置在一边
leave
for
动身去
leave
behind
留下；忘记
[即学即用]
①No
child
likes
being
left
alone
at
home
while
others
go
out
to
enjoy
themselves.
没有孩子会喜欢被一个人留在家里，而别人都出去玩了。
②Before
you
leave,
take
care
not
to
leave
anything
behind.
离开前，注意不要丢下什么东西。
③John
is
leaving
for
London
tomorrow
and
I
will
see
him
off
at
the
airport.
约翰将明天前往伦敦，我要去机场为他送行。
1
She
wasn't
like
Gladys
Claffern，
one
of
the
richest
and
most
powerful
women
around.
她跟格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样，格拉迪丝是远近闻名的最有钱有势的女人之一。
本句中one
of
the
richest...在句中作同位语，对Gladys
Claffern作进一步解释和说明。
(1)名词、代词作同位语。
①There
is
an
emergency
shelter
in
Winnipeg
called
“Hannah's
Place”，
something
that
Hannah
is
very
proud
of.(2017·北京高考)
在Winnipeg这个地方有个叫Hannah's
Place的应急庇护所，这是Hannah为之感到自豪的地方。
②I'm
Li
Hua,
a_student_from_China.(2014·全国卷I满分作文)
我是李华，一位来自中国的学生。
(2)不定式、动名词作同位语。
③The
young
man
tried
to
achieve
his
aim
—
entering
the
key
university.
这个年轻人努力实现他的目标——进入重点大学。
(3)从句作同位语。同位语从句通常跟在某些抽象名词(fact,
plan,
view,
idea,
belief,
opinion,
possibility,
thought等)后，用来说明所修饰词的内容。
④In
the
meantime,
those
volunteers
hold
the
opposite
view
that
they
are
fed
up
with
the
earth
life
and
eager
for
living
on
the
Mars.
同时，那些持相反观点的志愿者认为，他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活，渴望到火星居住。
2
But
even
though
Tony
had
been
so
clever，
he
would
have
to
be
rebuilt—you
cannot
have
women
falling
in
love
with
machines.
但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得作一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。
(1)have
sb.doing
sth.表示“让某人做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，表示持续的动作或状态。
①Don't
have
the
light
burning
like
that.
不要让灯总那样亮着。
②You
may
have
your
horse
running
(run)
freely
on
grassland.
在草原上你可以让马自由驰骋。
(2)have的其他常见搭配：
have
sb.do
sth.
让某人做某事
have
sth.done
使某事情被做或使……遭遇(某种不幸)
have
sth.to
do
(主语)有某事要做
③I'll
have
Mary
show
(show)
you
to
your
room.
我会让玛丽带你去你的房间。
④I
had
my
watch
repaired
(repair)
yesterday.
我昨天让人修了手表。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He
has
great
sympathy
(同情)
for
the
poor
and
the
unfortunate.
2．When
it
was
declared
(宣布)
that
the
19th
CPC
National
Congress
was
a
success,
all
the
Chinese
cheered.
3．To
our
satisfaction
(满意),
the
disabled
have
easy
access
to
any
part
of
the
new
theatre.
4．It
is
desired
(渴望)
that
you
join
our
club,
as
it
is
a
great
way
to
keep
fit
and
a
good
chance
to
relax
ourselves.
5．Since
I
have
never
been
there
before,
I
am
writing
to
ask
you
to
do
me
a
favour_
(帮忙)．
6．He
has
an
ambition
to
accompany
(陪伴)
his
mother
to
Jiuzhaigou
for
a
trip.
7．We
all
envy
(羡慕)
him
the
good
chance
to
make
a
profit.
8．If
there
is
a
fire,
don't
forget
to
call
the
number
119
and
sound
the
alarm
(警报)．
9．It
is
known
to
all
that
the
obesity
and
overweight
(超重)
problems
are
on
the
rise
in
China.
10．From
ancient
times,
Guilin
has
been
noted
for
its
elegant
(优雅的)
landscape.
Ⅱ.选词填空
test
out,
ring
up,
turn
around,
leave...alone,
be
impressed
by/with,
or
rather,
in
favour
of,
with
satisfaction,
have
sympathy
for,
accompany...to...
1．Turning_around,_he
found
himself
face?to?face
with
his
head
teacher.
2．My
sister
rang
me
up
and
declared
excitedly
that
she
was
admitted
by
a
large
software
firm.
3．The
new
electric
car
must
be_tested_out
before
it
is
put
into
mass
production.
4．Generally
speaking,
we
always
have_sympathy_for
the
weak.
5．She
accompanied
her
mother
to
the
hospital
because
her
mother
had
a
sharp
pain
in
her
chest.
6．We
are
all
in_favour_of
his
view
that
we
should
communicate
more
with
our
children.
7．Regardless
of
tiredness
and
tough
work,
we
went
home
with_satisfaction.
8．I
was
quite
impressed_by/with
the
facilities
at
the
new
school.
9．She
lives
in
London,
or_rather
she
lives
in
a
suburb
of
London.
10．The
architect
is
occupied
with
the
design
of
the
new
opera
house.
Leave
him
alone.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．We'd
better
leave_him_alone/not_bother_him
when
he
is
thinking.
当他思考时，我们最好不要去打扰他。
2．To_his_satisfaction,_those
tough
questions
were
eventually
solved.
令他满意的是，那些棘手的问题最后都解决了。
3．Each
student
in
our
class
desires_to_go/has_a_strong_desire_to_go
to
a
famous
university.
我们班的每个学生都渴望上名牌大学。
4．We
all
have_great_sympathy_for
the
victims
of
the
hurricane.
我们都对飓风的受害者深表同情。
5．Some
students
think
that
they
should_set_aside_some_of_
their_pocket_money
for
books.
一些学生认为他们应该省出一些他们的压岁钱来买书。
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．博物馆的左边有一所小学。(完全倒装句)
There
stands
a
primary
school
on
the
left
side
of
the
museum.
2．最近这些年人们才开始意识到保护环境的重要性。(强调句型)
It
is
in
recent
years
that
people
have
begun
to
realize
the
importance
of
environmental
protection.
3．他觉得对一个女孩来说晚上在外面待到很晚是很危险的，因此，他不容忍他女儿回家太晚。(have
sb.doing)
He
feels
it
dangerous
for
a
girl
to
be
out
late
at
night
so
he
won't
have
his
daughter
arriving
home
too
late.
4．这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。(more...than...)
The
book
seems
to
be
more
a
dictionary
than
a
grammar.
5．我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣幸。(it作形式宾语)
I
think
it
my
honor
to
be
invited
to
speak
here.
PAGEUnit
2 Robots
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．bound
adj.
一定的；密切相关的
2．part?time
adj.
兼职的
full?time
adj.
全职的
3．staff
n.
全体员工；手杖
4．junior
adj.
较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的；n.
年少者；晚辈；等级较低者
5．talent
n.
天才；特殊能力；才干
talented
adj.
有才能的
6．theoretical
adj.
理论(上)的；假设的
theory
n.
理论；学说
7．thinking
n.
思想；思考
thought
n.
想法
8．divorce
n.
离婚；断绝关系；vt.
与……离婚；与……脱离
9．obey
vt.
&
vi.
服从；顺从
disobey
vt.
&
vi.
不服从；违抗
10．assessment
n.
评价；评定
assess
vt.
评价；评定
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．set_aside
将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
2．in_all
一共；总计
3．be_bound_to
一定做……
4．search_for
搜寻
5．take...seriously
认真对待……
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．while用作连词，意为“然而……”
While
some
owners
were
firm
with
their
robot's
suggestions,
others
would
turn
around
and
walk
out
of
the
shop,
feeling
embarrassed.
有些主人坚信他们的机器人的建议，而另一些主人会尴尬地转身走出商店。
2．强调句型
It
was
when
Asimov
was
eleven
years
old
that
his
talent
for
writing
became
obvious.
早在阿西莫夫11岁时，他的写作天赋就已经显露出来了。
3．one用作代词
Among
his
most
famous
works
of
science
fiction,
one
for
which
he
won
an
award
was
the
Foundation
trilogy
(1951—1953),
three
novels
about
the
death
and
rebirth
of
a
great
empire
in
a
galaxy
of
the
future.
在他那些最著名的科幻作品中，有一部获奖作品叫作《基地三部曲》(1951～1953)，由三部小说组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡和再生。
4．as
if虚拟语气的用法
Use
a
clear
simple
style
as
if
you
were
(be)
writing
to
younger
students
in
your
school.
运用简洁明了的写作风格，就好像你是写给你们学校低年级的学生那样。
课文预读
A
BIOGRAPHY①
OF
ISAAC
ASIMOV
Isaac
Asimov
was
an
American
scientist
and
writer
who
wrote
around
480
books
that
included
mystery
stories,
science
and
history
books,
and
even
books
about
the
Holy②
Bible
and
Shakespeare③.
But
he
is
best
known
for④
his
science
fiction
stories.
Asimov
had
both
an
extraordinary
imagination⑤
that
gave
him
the
ability
to
explore⑥
future
worlds
and
an
amazing
mind
with
which
he
searched
for⑦
explanations
of
everything,
in
the
present
and
the
past.
Asimov's
life
began
in
Russia,
where
he
was
born
on
2
January,
1920⑧.
It
ended
in
New
York
on
6
April,
1992,
when
he
died
as
a
result
of⑨
and
HIV
infection
that
he
had
got
from
a
blood
transfusion⑩
nine
years
earlier.
①biography/ba?'?ɡr?f?/
n.
(由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学
②holy/'h??lI/
adj.
神的；上帝的；圣洁的
③定语从句who
wrote
around
480
books
that
included...修饰an
American
scientist
and
writer。该定语从句中又包含一个定语从句that
included...对books加以修饰和限制。
④be
best
known
for因……最负盛名
⑤imagination/I?m?d?I'neI?n/
n.
想象(力)；创造力；幻想物
⑥explore
vt.
探索，探险
⑦search
for搜寻，寻找
⑧where
he
was
born...是where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Russia。
⑨as
a
result
of作为……的结果
⑩transfusion/tr?ns'fju??n/
n.
输血
艾萨克·阿西莫夫传
[第1～2段译文]
艾萨克·阿西莫夫是美国的科学家兼作家，他写过大约480本书，包括怪诞小说、科学和历史方面的书，甚至还写过有关《圣经》和莎士比亚的书。但是，他最有名的作品是他的科幻小说。阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有着惊人的智力，使他搜寻对现在的和过去的各种事物的解释。
阿西莫夫的一生从俄罗斯开始，他生于1920年1月2日。其一生在纽约结束，他于1992年4月6日去世，他是因为9年前的一次输血中感染了艾滋病病毒而去世的。
[第3段译文]
阿西莫夫3岁的时候，就随同父母和年仅一岁的妹妹迁到纽约。在那儿，他的父母买下了一家糖果店，后来一直经营了大约40年。阿西莫夫9岁的时候，母亲怀了第三个孩子，他就开始在糖果店里兼职工作了。他读中学和大学的那段时期都在糖果店里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他获得化学硕士学位一年以后他才停止糖果店的工作。1942年他成为费城海军造船厂的一名初级化学师，并在那里工作了3年。1948年他获得化学博士学位。第二年他在波士顿大学的医学院任生化教员。1958年他放弃了教学工作成为专职作家。
[第4段译文]
早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。他把他写的小说中的两个章节讲给一个朋友听。这个朋友还以为他是在复述某本书上的故事呢。这使阿西莫夫很惊讶，从那以后，他就开始把自己当做一名真正的作家。1939年，阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表小说，1950年出版了他的第一部小说，1953年出版了他的第一部科学书籍。
[第5～6段译文]
阿西莫夫一生中获过多次奖，既有科幻小说奖，也有科学书籍奖。在他那些最著名的科幻作品中，有一部获奖作品叫做《基地》三部曲(1951～1953)，由三本小说组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡和再生。基本素材取自罗马帝国的衰败，但讲的是有关未来的事情。这些书之所以有名，是因为阿西莫夫创造了一种理论框架，用以阐述各种想法在未来可能会如何发展。他的短篇小说集《我，机器人》(1950)也是享有盛名的，在这本书里他提出机器人的三大“原则”。举例来说，第一条原则就规定机器人不得伤害人类，也不能允许人类受到伤害。他有关机器人的一些想法影响了后来的其他作者，甚至影响了那些从事人工智能研究的科学家们。
阿西莫夫结过两次婚。他于1942年同他的第一任妻子结婚，生有一男一女。这次婚姻持续了31年。1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫夫又结婚了，但是他与第二任妻子没有生育儿女。
课文理解
Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F)
1．Asimov
was
born
in
America
on
2
January,
1920.( F )
2．In
1931
Asimov's
talent
for
writing
became
obvious.( T )
3．Asimov
found
his
talent
for
writing
by
chance.( T )
4．In
1950,
he
published
his
first
science
book.( F )
5．“The
Foundation
trilogy”
consists
of
three
stories
about
the
death
and
rebirth
of
a
great
empire
in
a
galaxy
of
the
future.( T )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What
kind
of
books
is
Isaac
Asimov
best
known
for?
A．Mystery
stories.
B．Science
and
history
books.
C．Books
about
the
Holy
Bible.
D．Science
fiction
stories.
答案：D
2．How
old
was
Isaac
Asimov
when
he
became
a
biochemistry
teacher
at
Boston
University?
A．22.
B．28.
C．29.
D．38.
答案：C
3．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true?
A．Isaac
Asimov
was
born
in
Russia
in
January,
1920.
B．Isaac
Asimov
began
to
write
novels
in
1939.
C．Isaac
Asimov
moved
to
America
with
his
parents
when
he
was
three
years
old.
D．Isaac
Asimov
gained
a
master's
degree
in
1941.
答案：B
4．Which
of
the
following
is
the
RIGHT
order
according
to
the
text?
a．Isaac
Asimov
worked
as
a
junior
chemist
in
the
Philadelphia
Navy
Yard.
b．Isaac
Asimov
began
to
publish
stories
in
science
fiction
magazines.
c．Isaac
Asimov
became
a
full?time
writer.
d．Isaac
Asimov
was
infected
with
HIV.
e．Isaac
Asimov
got
a
divorce
from
his
first
wife.
A．b
a
e
c
d
B．b
a
c
e
d
C．a
b
e
c
d
D．a
b
d
e
c
答案：B
5．The
main
idea
of
the
fifth
paragraph
is
about
Isaac
Asimov's
________.
A．birth
date
and
place
B．education
C．awards
D．family
life
答案：C
junior
adj.
较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n.
年少者；晚辈；等级较低者
(教材P16)In
1942
he
joined
the
staff
of
the
Philadelphia
Navy
Yard
as
a
junior
chemist
and
worked
there
for
three
years.
1942年他成为费城海军造船厂的一名初级化学师，并在那里工作了三年。
be
junior
to 比……年轻；比……职位低
be...years
sb's
junior＝be
sb's
junior
by...years＝be...years
junior
to
sb.
比……小几岁
be
senior
to
比……年长；比……职位高
[即学即用]
(1)Though
Tom
is
two
years
junior
to
me,
he
is
senior
to
me
in
our
office.
尽管汤姆比我小两岁，但在办公室里他的职位比我高。
(2)The
president
was
so
young
that
he
was
junior
to
some
of
his
employees.
总裁的年龄很小，甚至比他的一些雇员都小。
(3)He
is
the_junior
member
of
the
committee.
他是委员会里资历较浅的成员。
(4)Diana
is
12
years
her_husband's_junior/junior_to_her_husband.
黛安娜比她丈夫小12岁。
(5)同义句转换
He
is
ten
years
younger
than
me.
→①He
is
ten
years
junior_to
me.
→②He
is
ten
years
my_junior.
→③He
is
my_junior_by
ten
years.
2
(教材P16)It
was
when
Asimov
was
eleven
years
old
that
his
talent
for
writing
became
obvious.
早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。
(1)show
a
talent
for 表现出……才能
have
a
talent
for
对……有天赋；有……的天赋
(2)talented
adj.
有天资的；才华横溢的
gift
n.
天赋；天资
have
a
gift
for/of
有……的天赋
gifted
adj.
有天资的；有天赋的
[即学即用]
(1)Britain
has
lost
lots
of
its
football
talents
to
clubs
abroad.
英国有许多足球天才流失到了国外足球俱乐部。
(2)He
has
a
talent
for
singing.
他有唱歌的天赋。
(3)As
we
all
know,
the
young
man
named
Anson
Ping
is
a
talented/gifted
singer.
我们都知道，这个叫平安的年轻人是位有才华的歌手。
(4)一句多译
据说他的女儿很有音乐天赋。
①It
is
said
that
his
daughter
has_a_talent/gift_for_music.
②It
is
said
that
his
daughter
is_gifted/talented_in_music.
divorce
n.
离婚；断绝关系 vt.
与……离婚，与……脱离
(教材P16)Soon
after
his
divorce
in
1973,
Asimov
married
again
but
he
had
no
children
with
his
second
wife.
1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫夫又结婚了，但是他与第二任妻子没有生儿育女。
get
a
divorce
from
sb.＝divorce
sb.
与某人离婚
divorce...from...
使……与……脱离；与……离婚
divorced
adj.
离婚的，离开的；脱离……的
be
divorced
from
脱离……；与……离婚
get
divorced
离婚
[即学即用]
(1)They
believed
that
art
should
be
divorced
from
politics.
他们认为艺术应该与政治分开。
(2)It
is
because
of
the
divorce
between
college
education
and
society
that
many
university
graduates
can
only
find
an
ordinary
job.
正是由于大学教育与社会分离，许多大学毕业生只能找到一份普通的工作。
(3)Did
Mr
Hill
divorce_his_wife
because
of
such
things?
因为这些事情，希尔先生要与太太离婚吗？
(4)Their
marriage
ended_in_divorce.
他们的婚姻以离婚收场。
(5)They
are
warned
not
to
be_divorced_from
the
people
of
the
masses.
他们被告诫不要脱离人民群众。
(6)同义句转换
Miss
Yao
divorced
Mr
Ling
before
the
2011
Spring
Festival.
→①Miss
Yao
got_divorced_from/divorced_herself_from/got_a_divorce_from
Mr
Ling
before
the
2011
Spring
Festival.
→②Miss
Yao
and
Mr
Ling
got_divorced
before
the
2011
Spring
Festival.
→③Miss
Yao
has_been_divorced
from
Mr
Ling
since
the
2011
Spring
Festival.
(教材P14)Since
these
aprons
are
of
such
poor
quality,
they
need
to
be
set
aside
and
take
back
to
the
shop.
既然这些围裙质量如此差，需要把它们收起来，退回商店。
set
up 建立；树立
set
dowm
记下；放下
set
off
动身；出发；使爆炸
set
out
出发；开始做(to
do
sth.)
set
about
着手；开始做(doing
sth.)
[即学即用]
①You
had
better
set
aside
some
time
every
day
for
sports
so
that
you
can
keep
yourself
energetic.
你最好每天抽出一些时间来锻炼以便你能保持精力旺盛。
②Benjamin
Franklin
set
about
learning
(learn)
printing
at
an
early
age.
本杰明·富兰克林早年就开始学习印刷术。
③John
set
out
to_improve
(improve)
his
handwriting.
约翰开始努力改进他的书法。
2
(教材P14)There
were
sixty
in
all.
总共有60人。
at
all 根本(常用于否定句和疑问句)
after
all
毕竟；终究；别忘了
above
all
首先；最重要的是(强调重要性)
all
in
all
总的来说
first
of
all
首先(强调顺序)
[即学即用]
①There
are
2,000
people
in
all
who
are
in
favour
of
his
plan.
总共有2
000人支持他的计划。
②To
master
another
language
is
better
than
learning
nothing
at_all.
掌握一门外语总比什么都不学要好。
③To
be
great,
you
must
be
smart,
confident,
and,
above_all,_honest.
要想优秀，你必须聪明、自信，最重要的是，诚实。
3
take...as...
把……当作……
This
really
surprised
Asimov
and
from
that
moment,
he
started
to
take
himself
seriously
as
a
writer.
这使阿西莫夫感到很惊讶，从那以后，他就开始认真地从事写作了。
take...for... 以为……是……
take...to...
给……前去……；把……拿给……
take
it
easy
别紧张；别着急；慢慢来
take...for
granted
认为……理所当然
[即学即用]
①I
am
sorry;
I
took
you
for
your
brother.
对不起，我把你误认为你哥哥了。
②His
father
often
takes
him
to
the
park
at
weekends.
他爸爸经常在周末带他去公园。
③“Take
it
easy”，
said
Jim
to
the
other
boys
carrying
the
table
down
the
stairs.
吉姆对抬桌子下楼的其他男孩们说“慢慢来”。
While
some
owners
were
firm
with
their
robot's
suggestions，
others
would
turn
around
and
walk
out
of
the
shop，feeling
embarrassed.
有些主人坚信他们的机器人的建议，而另一些主人会尴尬地转身走出商店。
(1)该句为复合句，while作并列连词，表对比，意为“而，然而”。
(2)while的用法：
写出下列句中while的含义
①Men
tended
to
be
violent
while
women
acted
in
the
opposite
way.然而
②While
I
was
working
for
a
wedding,
a
pearl
necklace
disappeared.当……时
③She
worked
in
a
bank
for
a
while
before
studying
law.一会儿
④While
those
seeds
are
expensive,
the
companies
tell
farmers
that
they
will
make
good
profits.虽然
have
sth.done结构中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义，此结构有时也可以用get
sth.done来替换；其常用三种含义如下：
选择下面句子中have
sth.done的含义
①My
elder
sister
had
her
wallet
stolen
on
a
bus
last
month.__B__
②The
villagers
had
many
trees
planted
just
then.__C__
③I
had
my
house
painted
three
weeks
ago.__A__
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
young
man
is
fond
of
literature
so
much
that
we
all
think
he
is
bound
(一定的)
to
be
a
novelist
one
day.
2．I
met
one
of
my
junior
(初级的)
classmates
in
the
street
yesterday,
but
her
name
escaped
me
and
I
felt
embarrassed.
3．The
couple
quarreled
a
lot
and
eventually
ended
in
divorce
(离婚)．
4．Last
month,
we
had
a
talent
(才能)
show
which
was
a
great
success.
5．He
made
a
careful
assessment
(评价)
of
the
present
situation
in
the
world.
6．Li
Tong
got
a
part?time
(兼职的)
job
as
a
research
assistant.
7．She
and
her
sister
are
collecting
materials
for
the
biography
(传记)
of
their
father.
8．As
students,
we
are
supposed
to
obey
(遵守)
the
school
rules.
9．She
has
a
great
affection
(感情)
for
her
hometown.
10．Everyone
says,
“There
is
always
a
gap
between
imagination
(想象)
and
reality,
the
former
is
always
more
ideal
than
the
latter.”
Ⅱ.选词填空
set
aside,
in
all,
be
bound
to,
be
junior
to,
have
a
talent
for,
take...as...,
as
long
as,
have
an
affection
for,
get
a
divorce
from,
be
based
on
1．It's
reported
that
the
weather
is_bound_to
get
better
tomorrow,
so
we
will
have
a
picnic.
2．To
his
parents'
satisfaction,
the
young
man
has_a_talent_for
singing.
3．Lucy
got_a_divorce_from
her
husband
two
years
ago
and
now
she
has
adapted
to
living
alone.
4．Brought
up
by
his
grandparents,
the
man
has_an_affection_for
them.
5．The
report
is_based_on
figures
from
six
different
European
cities.
6．The
hall
was
crowded
with
people.
It
is
said
that
1,000
people
in_all
attended
the
conference.
7．You'd
better
set_aside
a
few
hours
to
practice
your
spoken
English
every
day.
8．My
job
is
to
help
those
who
are_junior_to
me
in
my
class.
9．English
is_taken_as
a
useful
means
for
research
work.
10．As_long_as
you've
paid
in
advance,
we
won't
charge
you
for
the
delivery.
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．如果你听从你老师的建议有效地学习，你一定会被一所知名大学录取。(be
bound
to)
You
are
bound
to
be
admitted
to
a
famous
university
if
you
follow
your
teachers'
advice
to
study
effectively.
2．这个病人准备让人量体温。(have
sth.done)
The
patient
is
going
to
have
his
temperature
taken.
3．她看起来好像年轻了十岁。(as
if)
She
looks
as
if
she
were
ten
years
younger.
4．你学习越努力，进步就越大。(the＋比较级)
The
harder
you
study,
the
greater
progress
you
will
make.
5．这儿是几则有关汽车的广告。(倒装)
Here
are
some
advertisements
about
cars.
6．正是在我学习上有困难时，我妈妈一直鼓励我不要灰心。(强调句)
It
is
when
I
have
difficulties
in
study
that
my
mother
always
encourages
me
not
to
lose
heart.
7．一般而言，男孩擅长数学，而女孩擅长语言。(while)
Generally
speaking,
boys
are
good
at
maths,
while
girls
are
good
at
language.
8．这些是不同的机器被连接起来所用的电线。(介词＋关系代词的定语从句)
These
are
the
wires
with
which
different
machines
are
connected.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1．Here_comes_your_opportunity
to
show
your
creativity!
展示你的创造力的机会来了！
2．It's
a
pity
that
you
missed
the
world
robot
assembly
held
in
Beijing
in
2017.
很遗憾你错过了2017年在北京举办的世界机器人大会。
3．Li
Hua
speaks
English
very
well
as_if_he_were_English/British/an_Englishman.
李华的英语说得非常好，就好像他是英国人。
4．To
my
disappointment,
the
doctor
had_me_waiting
in
the
room
for
the
whole
afternoon.
使我失望的是，那个医生让我在房间里等了一个下午。
5．They
sat
in
the
garden,
talking_about_the_days_they_spent_together
last
year.
他们坐在花园里，谈论着去年他们一起度过的日子。
PAGEUnit
2 Robots
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——复习被动语态(Ⅰ)
[思维导图]
[语法精讲]
一、各种时态的被动语态
1．概念与形式
(1)概念：语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果句子的主语是动作的执行者时，则句子要用主动语态；如果句子的主语是动作的承受者时，则句子要用被动语态。
(2)形式：被动语态的基本构成：be的某种形式＋动词过去分词。如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出。一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态中，助动词be要随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。下面各种时态的被动语态的形式(以do为例)
时态
被动语态
一般现在时
am/is/are
done
现在进行时
am/is/are
being
done
现在完成时
has/have
been
done
一般过去时
was/were
done
过去进行时
was/were
being
done
过去完成时
had
been
done
一般将来时
shall/will
be
done
过去将来时
should/would
be
done
时态
被动语态
将来完成时
shall/will
have
been
done
过去将来完成时
should/would
have
been
done
The
classroom
is
cleaned
by
us
every
day.
教室每天都由我们打扫。
The
children
are
not
allowed
to
play
on
the
grass.
孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。
After
the
accident,
the
injured
were
taken
to
hospital.
事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救。
Check
carefully,
so
any
mistake
will
be
caught.
仔细检查一遍，把所有错误都找出来。
The
plan
is
being
carried
out
successfully.
这项计划正在被顺利地实施。
The
documents
for
which
they
were
searching
have
been
recovered.
他们找寻的文件已找到了。
[名师点津] (1)含情态动词的谓语动词的被动语态用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”形式。如：
Many
trees
should
be
planted
in
the
mountains.
应该在山上种上许多树。
(2)现代英语特别是口语中常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态。
When
did
the
painting
get
damaged?
这幅画什么时候被损坏的？
2．意义与用法
被动语态表示主语与谓语动词之间的被动关系。它主要用于以下几种情况。
(1)强调动作的承受者时。
Your
plan
is
considered
to
be
the
best.
你的计划被认为是最好的。
(2)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。
The
old
bridge
was
built
many
years
ago.
这座古桥是许多年前建造的。
(3)动作的执行者是无生命的事物。
The
whole
village
has
been
washed
away
by
the
flood.
整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
(4)习惯上使用被动语态的某些动词短语作谓语时，如be
buried
in;
be
born
in;
be
determined
to
do等。
We're
determined
to
set
up
an
eco?laboratory.
我们决定建立一个生态实验室。
(5)保持句子平衡
The
lecture
will
be
made
by
Joe
Smith，who
is
a
young
artist
from
the
States.
乔·史密斯将来做报告，他是一位年轻的美国艺术家。
3．注意事项
(1)被动语态的否定形式，如有否定词not，则把它放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
Russian
is
not
taught
in
our
school.
我们学校不教俄语。
The
letter
has
not
been
sent
out.
信还没有发出去。
(2)使役动词和感官动词用于被动语态时，其后若有动词不定式符号to不能省略。
He
was
heard
to
say
good?bye
to
his
parents.
他被听到向父母道别。
(3)含介词或副词的短语动词用于被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不能省略。
Such
a
bad
habit
should
be
got
rid
of.
这样的坏习惯应该改掉。
(4)某些动词常用主动形式表示被动之意
①某些系动词，如：look,
feel,
smell等作谓语时。
The
flower
smells
sweet.
这花闻起来很香。
②表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的某些动词作谓语时。如shut,
close,
open,
read,
write,
sell等。
Kate's
book
reads
like
an
interesting
novel.
凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。
(5)不及物动词无被动语态
有些动词(短语)不用于被动语态：如happen;
cost;
take;
have
(有);
own;
possess;
occur;
take
place;
run
out等
One
should
possess
courage,
determination
and
wisdom.
人要拥有勇气、决心和智慧。
(6)某些短语经常用被动结构表示主动意义
They
were
seated
in
the
front
of
the
hall.
他们在大厅前部就坐。
All
my
students
are
well
prepared
for
the
test.
我的学生都为考试做好了准备。
二、动词不定式的被动语态
1．概念、形式与用法
动词不定式与所修饰的名词或代词是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动语态。动词不定式的被动语态在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。动词不定式的被动语态的具体形式与意义见下表：
项目
形式
意义
一般式
to
be
done
动词不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后(将来)发生
完成式
to
havebeen
done
动词不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生
To
be
offered
sympathy
is
not
a
thing
that
the
disabled
really
desire.(作主语)
被施以同情不是残疾人真正想要的。
It's
a
pity
to
be
kept
in
the
house
in
such
fine
weather.
在这样的好天气里被关在家里真是遗憾。(作主语)
The
boy
asked
to
be
given
an
opportunity
to
try
again.
那个男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。(作宾语)
A
survey
is
to
be
conducted
to
find
out
more
about
the
influence
of
computer
games
on
children's
mental
health.(作表语)
一项调查即将展开，以发现更多关于电脑游戏对孩子精神健康的影响。
He
was
the
last
one
to
be
asked
to
speak
at
the
meeting.(作定语)
他是最后一个被邀请在会议上发言的人。
The
father
wanted
his
son
to
be
punished
for
telling
lies.(作补语)
父亲想让他的儿子因说谎而受到惩罚。
I'm
glad
to
have
been
helped
by
so
many
warm?hearted
people.(作状语)
我很高兴得到了这么多热心人的帮助。
2．动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
当不定式用于以下几种情形时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义。
(1)当不定式作定语且它与被修饰词语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时。
He
told
me
he
had
a
composition
to
write.
他告诉我说他有一篇作文要写。
(2)当某些表示事物性质的形容词作表语且后接不定式时。
The
water
is
not
suitable
to
drink,
so
hold
out
until
we
get
some
drinking
water.
这水不适合喝，因此要坚持到我们弄到可饮用的水。
(3)当某些特殊动词如blame,
let等用带to的不定式形式作表语时。
The
young
man
felt
that
he
was
to
blame
for
this
traffic
accident.
那个年轻人觉得这次交通事故怪他。
(4)当“疑问代词＋不定式”结构中的疑问代词与不定式有逻辑上的动宾或被动关系时。
There
are
so
many
good
books
in
the
bookstore
that
I
don't
know
which
to
choose.
书店里有这么多的好书，我不知道该选哪一本了。
Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空
1．When
fat
and
salt
are_removed
(remove)
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
it
is
missing
something.
2．In
the
1950s
in
the
USA,
most
families
had
just
one
phone
at
home,
and
wireless
phones
hadn't_been_invented
(not
invent)
yet.
3．Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
is_regarded
(regard)
as
one
of
the
best
all?round
round
forms
of
exercise.
4．If
the
new
safety
system
had_been_put
(put)
to
use,
the
accident
would
never
have
happened.
5．He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
was_being_followed
(follow)．
6．One
of
his
ambitions
is
to_be_accompanied
(accompany)
by
his
parents
to
Disneyland.
7．Five
persons
are
reported
to_have_been_killed
(kill)
in
the
big
fire.
8．I
want
to
buy
that
kind
of
cloth
because
I
have
been
told
the
cloth
washes
(wash)
well.
9．Having
a
trip
abroad
is
certainly
good
for
the
old
couple,
but
it
remains
to_be_seen
(see)
whether
they
will
enjoy
it.
10．The
problems
are
too
difficult
to_work
(work)
out.
Ⅱ.补全句子(注意使用被动语态)
1．The_lesson_will_be_given
(授课)
from
3
pm
to
5
pm
on
the
afternoon
of
next
Tuesday
in
the
classroom
502.
2．Of
the
two
trips
to
the
Yangtze
River
and
Mount
Tai，
both
are
highly
recommended(两者都被极力推荐)．
3．Several
days
later,
when
the
video
was
played
(当视频被播放时)
on
the
graduation
ceremony,
it
was
well
received.
4．Would
you
please
keep
quiet?
An
important
notice
is_being_broadcast
(正在播放)
and
I
want
to
listen.
5．To
begin
with,
the
pictures
you
take
should_be_connected_with
(应该与……有联系)
the
theme
of
the
exhibition
which
is
environmental
protection.
6．The
green
house
is
said
to_have_been_equipped_with
(装上了)
water?saving
system
recently.
7．By
the
time
the
firemen
arrived
at
the
building,
the
fire
had
been
put
out
by
the
nearby
citizens
(被附近的市民扑灭了)．
8．The
room
was_being_cleaned_by_him
(他正在打扫)
at
nine
yesterday
morning.
PAGEUnit
2 Robots
Section
Ⅳ Writing——想象类作文
一、基本结构
1．确定主题，融合各种科幻形象的特点，发挥自己的想象力，创造一个生动的文章角色；
2．构思情节，想象类作文的命题方式多是给出简单要点或图表等，要求学生在此基础上进行合理想象。
二、增分佳句
1．Perhaps
some
people
will
go
to
the
moon
for
their
holiday,
and
some
scientists
will
live
under
the
sea.
或许有些人会去月球度假，而一些科学家会生活在海底。
2．We
can
have
a
medical
examination
or
do
some
shopping
with
the
help
of
the
videophone.
我们能够在视频电话的帮助下进行医疗检查或购物。
3．Every
day
we
can
ask
the
robot
to
do
the
housework,
shopping
and
so
on.
每天我们可以让机器人做家务、购物等工作。
4．If
we
can
only
get
3
hours
of
sleep
a
day,
we
will
need
a
sleeping
machine.
如果我们一天只睡三个小时，我们需要一个睡眠机器。
5．This
kind
of
machine
is
programmed
and
controlled
by
a
computer.
Once
you
press
the
button
it
will
start
washing
dishes
for
you.
这种机器是由电脑控制的，只要你按下按钮，它就开始清洗碗碟了。
[题目要求]
社会发展到了2080年，照顾老年人成了一个突出的社会问题。你公司顺应社会需求适时推出了家用机器人。该机器人的主要功能有：
1．可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整；
2．可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等；
3．及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打急救电话等。
请你根据以上内容写一篇发言稿，在新闻发布会上向大家推荐你公司的这一新产品。注意：词数100左右。
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为想象类作文；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第一人称和第三人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般将来时和一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分，称呼，该篇文章为想象类作文中的演讲稿，故文章开头要有恰当的称呼。
第二部分，介绍该款机器人的特点。
第三部分，发出呼吁。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．accompany 陪伴；陪同
2．be_designed_to
专门为……设计
3．at_a_fixed_time
在固定时间
4．adjust
调整
5．emergency
紧急情况
6．fall_ill
生病
7．call_doctors_for_help
向医生求助
8．own
拥有
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．众所周知，随着经济的发展，人们不得不要面对各种压力。
As_is_known_to
us
all,
with
the
development
of
economy,
people
have
to
face
various
pressures.
2．他们没有足够的时间在家中陪伴老人，这已经成了一个突出的社会问题。
They
cannot
accompany
the
old
people
in
their
family
because
they
don't
have
enough
time,
and
this
has
become
a
prominent
social
problem.
3．为了解决这个问题，我们公司推出了这款家用机器人，它是专门为照顾老年人而设计的。
To_solve_this_problem,_our
company
has
put
out
the
household
robot,
which
is_designed_to
take
care
of
old
people.
4．它还可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等。
It
can
also
accompany
old
people
in
having
a
chat,
playing
chess
and
doing
exercise.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用it作形式主语的主语从句改写句1
It
is
known
to
us
all
that
people
have
to
face
various
pressures
with
the
development
of
economy.
2．用不定式短语作目的状语，which引导的非限制性定语从句改写句2
They
don't
have
enough
time
to
accompany
the
old
people
in
their
family,
which
has
become
a
prominent
social
problem.
3．用过去分词短语作后置定语改写句3
To
solve
this
problem,
our
company
has
put
out
the
household
robot
designed
to
take
care
of
old
people.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Ladies
and
gentlemen，
Thank
you
for
attending
our
company's
news
conference.
It
is
known
to
us
all
that
people
have
to
face
various
pressures
with
the
development
of
economy.
They
don't
have
enough
time
to
accompany
the
old
people
in
their
family,
which
has
become
a
prominent
social
problem.
To
solve
this
problem,
our
company
has
put
out
the
household
robot
designed
to
take
care
of
old
people.
It
can
cook
meals
at
a
fixed
time
which
can
be
adjusted
according
to
individual
needs
and
it
can
also
accompany
old
people
in
having
a
chat,
playing
chess
and
doing
exercise.
Moreover,
it
can
deal
with
emergencies.
For
example,
if
an
old
man
falls
ill
suddenly,
the
robot
will
call
doctors
for
help.
It
would
be
a
great
help
for
you
if
you
own
such
a
robot.
Thank
you.
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