Unit
3 Under
the
sea
The
earth's
oceans
can
reach
depths
of
up
to
11,000
metres.
That
is
deep
enough
to
cover
Mt.
Qomolangma!
The
oceans
are
incredibly
(不能相信地)
large
and
contain
several
different
habitats.
To
make
it
easier
to
describe
the
various
parts
of
the
oceans,
marine
(海洋的)
scientists
usually
divide
the
oceans
into
five
zones.
Each
zone
is
different
mainly
as
a
result
of
how
much
sunlight
reaches
it.
Most
of
the
life
in
the
ocean
can
be
found
in
the
first
zone,
which
begins
at
the
surface
and
goes
down
about
200
metres.
Because
there
is
sunlight
at
this
level,
plants
are
able
to
grow.
Marine
animals
such
as
dolphins,
sharks,
sea
turtles
and
sea
lions,
and
of
course
a
variety
of
fish,
live
in
the
sunlit
(阳光照射的)
part
of
the
ocean.
It
is
difficult
to
hide
from
other
animals
in
this
area.
The
second
zone
starts
at
200
metres
and
goes
down
to
about
1,000
metres.
Some
sunlight
can
reach
this
level,
but
it
is
not
enough
for
plants
to
grow.
Because
this
zone
is
relatively
dark,
many
of
the
creatures
that
live
here
are
able
to
make
light
with
their
body.
The
light
from
these
animals
makes
the
water
look
like
a
sky
with
moving
stars
in
it.
The
third
zone
of
the
ocean
is
dark.
This
place,
about
3,000
metres
deep,
may
not
seem
a
likely
habitat,
but
there
are
more
creatures
here
than
one
might
think.
Most
of
the
animals
that
live
here
are
black
or
red
because
of
the
lack
of
light.
Below
4,000
metres,
the
temperature
is
near
freezing
and
there
is
no
light
at
all.
In
fact,
the
zone
is
so
dark
and
empty
that
scientists
named
this
zone
after
the
Greek
word
for
“no
bottom”.
There
is
not
much
life
to
be
found
in
this
cold
and
unpleasant
part
of
the
ocean,
but
some
small
creatures
still
manage
to
survive
here
despite
the
high
water
pressure.
The
very
deepest
part
of
the
ocean
is
found
2,000
metres
further
down.
At
this
depth,
the
water
pressure
is
extremely
high
and
life
is
very
difficult
for
the
few
creatures
that
live
here.
Compared
to
the
other
zones,
this
one
has
very
little
life.
Since
there
is
no
light
here,
some
of
the
animals
do
not
have
eyes.
Next
time
you
look
at
the
ocean
from
the
beach
or
on
a
map,
remember
that
what
you
are
seeing
is
only
the
surface—only
the
beginning
of
the
large
and
varied
adventure.
开启快乐学习之旅
海洋科学家通常把海洋分为五个区域，你知道海豚、鲨鱼、海龟等都在哪个区域吗？现在就让我们一起走进奇妙的海底世界吧！
Unit
3 Under
the
sea
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．annual
adj.
每年的；按年度计算的；n.
年刊；年鉴
annually
adv.
每年；一年一次地
2．witness
vt.
当场见到；目击；n.
目击者；证人；证据
3．accommodation
n.
住所；住宿
accommodate
v.
容纳；向……提供住处
4．opposite
prep.
在……对面；adj.
相对的；相反的
5．pause
vi.
&
n.
暂停；中止
6．flee
vi.
逃避；逃跑；vt.
逃离
7．drag
vt.
拖；拉；扯
8．depth
n.
深(度)；深处
deep
adj.
深的；adv.
深地
deeply
adv.
深深地
9．urge
vt.
催促；极力主张；驱策
urgent
adj.
紧急的
10．abandon
vt.
放弃；遗弃；抛弃
abandoned
adj.
被抛弃的；废弃的
11．relationship
n.
关系；血缘关系；交往
relation
n.
关系；亲戚
12．conservation
n.
保存；保护
conserve
v.
保存；保护
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．sort_out 整理；分类
2．in_time
及时
3．aim_at
瞄准；针对
4．in_the_meantime
在此期间；与此同时
5．hold_up
举起；支撑；耽搁
6．help
(...)
out
帮助(……)摆脱困境或危难
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．when引导定语从句
It_was_a_time_when
the
killer
whales,
or
“killers”
as
they
were
then
called,
helped
the
whalers
catch
the
baleen
whales
that
were
on
their
annual
migration.
那个时候，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
2．be
about
to
do
sth.
将要做某事
This
was
the
call
that
announced
there
was
about
to_be
(be)
a
whale
hunt.
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
3．see＋宾语＋宾补
As
we
drew
closer,
I
could
see
a
whale
being_attacked
(attack)
by
a
pack
of
about
six
other
killers.
当我们靠近些时，我能看到一条鲸鱼正在被其他大约六条虎鲸袭击。
4．stop
sb./sth.(from)
doing
sth.；现在分词短语作伴随状语
“...And
those
others
are
stopping
it
diving
(dive)
or
fleeing
(flee)
out
to
sea，”
George
told
me,
pointing
(point)
towards
the
hunt.
“……而其他那些虎鲸则阻止它潜水或逃跑，”乔治一边指着捕猎的情景，一边告诉我。
5．现在分词短语作原因状语
Being_badly_wounded,_the
whale
soon
died.
因为严重受伤，这条鲸鱼很快就死了。
课文预读
虎鲸老汤姆
[第1～4段译文]
1902年6月，我开始在捕鲸站里工作，那时我16岁。在此之前我曾经听说过虎鲸每年都帮助捕鲸人捕捉大鲸。当时我以为这只是个故事罢了，但是后来我亲眼见过多次。
有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在整理住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一声巨响。我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。它黑白相间，样子像鱼，但我知道它并不是鱼。
“那是老汤姆，是虎鲸。”一位叫乔治的捕鲸人高声对我说，“它是在告诉我们那边有一头鲸，叫我们去捕猎。”
另外一位捕鲸人大声喊叫道：“快走啊……走啊。”这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
[第5～6段译文]
“克兰西，快来，上船去。”乔治在我前面边跑边说。我以前就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人。所以尽管我还没有穿上合适的衣服，就跟在他后面跑起来。
一刻不停地，我们和其他捕鲸人都跳进渔船，朝海湾方向驶去。我朝水里望去，可以看到老汤姆就在渔船旁边游着，为我们指路。几分钟之后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用桨拍打水面。汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。
[第7～10段译文]
通过望远镜，我们可以看到远处有情况发生了。走近一看，原来是一头鲸受到一群约六头其他虎鲸的攻击。
我问乔治：“它们在干什么呢？”
“啊，它们在协同作战呢——那些虎鲸正在往那头鲸的出气孔上扑去，不让它呼吸，而其他那些虎鲸则阻止它潜水或逃到海里去。”乔治一边指着捕猎的情景，一边告诉我。就在那时候，最精彩的场面出现了。虎鲸们在我们的渔船和那头鲸之间开始追逐了，就像一群发狂的猎狗一样。
然后，猎鲸叉准备好了。站在船头的那个人把叉瞄准了那头鲸，扔了出去，恰好击中了要害。因为鲸受了重伤，没过多久就死了。过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速地拖到深海中去了。捕鲸人于是调转船头往回去。
[第11～14段译文]
“怎么啦？”
我问道，“我们失去鲸了吗？”
杰克回答说：“不，我们明天再回来运鲸的尸体。它在24小时左右是不会浮出水面的。”雷德笑着补充说：“在这段时间里，老汤姆和其他虎鲸会饱餐一顿的，鲸唇和鲸舌就是它们的美食。”
虽然老汤姆和其他虎鲸都是凶恶的猎手，但是它们从来不伤害人，也不袭击人。事实上，它们还保护人。有一天，我们出海捕鲸的时候，詹姆斯被冲下水去了。
乔治催促着，大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”
[第15～19段译文]
那天海上波涛汹涌，很难调转船头。海浪把詹姆斯冲得离我们越来越远。从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。随后我突然看到了一条鲨鱼。
我尖叫起来：“瞧，那边有一条鲨鱼。”
雷德回答说：“别着急，老汤姆不会让它靠近的。”
我们花了半个多小时才把船调转过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着詹姆斯。我几乎不相信自己的眼睛。
当我们把詹姆斯拉上渔船的时候，大家都欢呼着“老汤姆，好样的”，“感谢上帝”。之后老汤姆离开了，回到捕猎的地方，跟其他虎鲸一起捕鲸去了。
课文理解
Ⅰ.根据课文内容给下面的句子排序
( 5 )Using
a
telescope
we
could
see
that
something
was
happening.
( 6 )The
killers
started
racing
between
our
boat
and
the
whale.
( 1 )Clancy
arrived
at
the
station.
( 8 )The
men
started
turning
the
boat
around
to
go
home.
( 2 )Clancy
heard
a
huge
noise
coming
from
the
bay.
( 3 )The
whaler
yelled
out.
( 4 )We
jumped
into
the
boat
with
the
other
whalers
and
headed
out
into
the
bay.
( 7 )The
man
in
the
bow
of
the
boat
aimed
the
harpoon
at
the
whale.
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．According
to
the
text,
which
of
the
following
is
TRUE?
A．They
ran
down
to
the
shore
and
found
an
enormous
fish
throwing
itself
out
of
the
water.
B．Tom
couldn't
tell
whalers
when
he
found
a
whale.
C．George
was
a
patient
person.
D．George
could
beat
the
water
with
his
oar
to
call
Old
Tom.
答案：D
2．According
to
the
text,
which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true?
A．The
killers
like
Old
Tom
are
fierce
yet
always
ready
to
help
the
whalers.
B．The
writer
didn't
believe
the
killers
could
help
the
whalers
catch
whales
before
working
at
the
whaling
station.
C．The
whalers
left
the
body
of
the
whale
eaten
up
by
the
killers.
D．It
was
hard
to
handle
the
boat
in
the
rough
sea.
答案：C
3．Why
did
the
men
start
turning
the
boat
around
to
go
home
after
the
whale
died?
A．Because
they
didn't
need
a
dead
whale.
B．Because
they
couldn't
find
the
whale's
body.
C．Because
they
knew
that
the
dead
whale
wouldn't
float
up
to
the
surface
for
around
24
hours.
D．They
had
to
do
this
because
it
was
too
late.
答案：C
4．What
does
the
word
“it”
in
the
sentence
“He
let
it
go
and
the
harpoon
hit
the
spot.”
refer
to?
A．The
whale.
B．The
boat.
C．The
harpoon.
D．The
killer.
答案：C
5．According
to
the
text,
the
killer
whales
can
protect
men
from
being
attacked
by
________.
A．whales
B．tigers
C．enemies
D．sharks
答案：D
Ⅲ.课文难句分析
It
took
over
half
an
hour
to
get
the
boat
back
to
James,
and
when
we
approached
him,
I
saw
James
being
firmly
held
up
in
the
water
by
Old
Tom.
[句式分析] 本句中and连接两个并列分句。第一个分句属于“It
takes/took
some
time
to
do
sth.”句型，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。在后一个并列分句中，when引导时间状语从句；saw
James
being
firmly
held
up为“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
[自主翻译] 我们花了半个多小时才让船回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着詹姆斯。
1
(教材P20)I
thought,
at
the
time,
that
this
was
just
a
story
but
then
I
witnessed
it
with
my
own
eyes
many
times.
当时我以为这只是个故事，但是后来我亲眼见证过多次。
(1)witness
to...(to为介词)
证实，证明……
witness
for
为……作证
be
witnessed
by
由……证明
(2)be
a
witness
to
是……的证据/证人
bear/give
witness
to
做……的证人，为……作证
[即学即用]
(1)One
witness
to
the
accident
said
the
driver
appeared
to
be
drunk.
这次事故的一个目击者说司机看上去喝醉了。
(2)China's
rapid
development
in
the
last
years
has
witnessed
a
powerful
country.
中国近几年的快速发展见证了中国是一个强大的国家。
(3)Several
people
said
they
had_witnessed_the_attack/were_
witnesses_to_the_attack.
几个人说他们目击了这个袭击事件。
(4)His
good
health
is
a
witness
to
the
success
of
the
treatment.
他身体好就是这种疗法成功的证明。
(5)He
witnessed
that
the
man
was
killed.
他看见那个人被杀了。
2
(教材P20)On
the
afternoon
I
arrived
at
the
station,
as
I
was
sorting
out
my
accommodation,
I
heard
a
loud
noise
coming
from
the
bay.
有一天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在整理住处的时候，我听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。
(1)make/offer
accommodations
for 为……提供食宿
arrange
sb's
accommodation
给某人安排住处
(2)accommodate
vt.
向……提供住处(或食宿)；容纳，招待住宿；供应，供给；使适应，使适合，调节适应……
accommodate
sb.with
向……提供
[即学即用]
(1)The
travel
agency
has
arranged
our
accommodations.
旅行社已为我们安排了住宿。
(2)I
quickly
needed
to
accommodate
to
the
new
schedule.
我需要迅速适应新的时间表。
(3)Thank
you
very
much
for
making_accommodations_for
me.
非常感谢您为我提供膳宿。
(4)We
must
accommodate_ourselves_to
new
conditions.
我们必须使自己适应新的情况。
3
(教材P20)We
ran
down
to
the
shore
in
time
to
see
an
enormous
animal
opposite
us
throwing
itself
out
of
the
water
and
then
crashing
down
again.
我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。
(1)opposite
prep. 在……的对面
adj.
相对的，相反的
adv.
在对面
(be)
opposite
to
在……对面；与……相反
on
the
opposite
side
of
在……的对面
(2)oppose
vt.
反对
(3)opposed
adj.
反对的
be
opposed
to...
反对……
(4)opposing
adj.
对抗的
[即学即用]
(1)I
thought
the
medicine
would
make
him
sleep,
but
it
had
the
opposite
effect.
我认为这药会使他入睡，但效果完全相反。
(2)The
grocery
store
was
on
the
opposite
side
of
the
street.
杂货店在街对面。
(3)Most
of
us
are_opposed_to
the
new
policy.
我们中的很多人反对这项新政策。
(4)The
opposing
armies
were
already
preparing
for
war.
反对派的军队已经在备战了。
4
(教材P20)Without
pausing
we
jumped
into
the
boat
with
the
other
whalers
and
headed
out
into
the
bay.
一刻不停地，我们和其他捕鲸人都跳进渔船，朝海湾方向驶去。
(1)pause
to
do
sth. 停下来去做某事
pause
for
停下来为……
(2)give
sb.pause
(for
thought)
让某人停下来(仔细思考)
without
pause
不停
[即学即用]
(1)After
a
brief
pause,
they
continued
climbing.
他们略停了一下就继续爬山。
(2)She
paused
her
video
to
answer
the
phone.
她停下录像机去接电话。
(3)英汉互译
①His
reply
was
delivered
with
scarcely
a
pause
for
breath.
他的回答一气呵成，几乎没有停顿。
②她在门口驻足片刻，然后离开了。
She
paused
at
the
door
and
then
left.
5
(教材P20)And
those
others
are
stopping
it
diving
or
fleeing
out
to
sea...
而其他那些(虎鲸)则阻止它潜水或逃到海里去……
flee
(from) 从……逃跑
flee
to/into
逃到……
flee
in
all
directions/every
direction
四处逃窜
flee
the
responsibility
逃避责任
[即学即用]
(1)Tom
was
lucky
to
flee
the
burning
hotel.
汤姆很幸运地逃出了失火的旅馆。
(2)He
fled
to
London
after
an
argument
with
his
family.
他与家人争吵后离家去了伦敦。
(3)The
guests
watched
as
she
fled_from
the
room.
客人们看着她逃离了房间。
(4)It
is
obvious
that
the
young
wanted
to
flee_the_responsibility.
很明显，这个年轻人想逃避责任。
6
(教材P20)Within
a
moment
or
two,
its
body
was
dragged
swiftly
by
the
killers
down
into
the
depths
of
the
sea.
过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速拖向深海中去了。
drag
down 使健康情况变坏；使道德水平或社会地位下降
drag
away
拖走
drag
up
提起(不愿回忆或谈论的事)
drag
out
拖出来；(使)拖延
drag
on
使拖延；延长(声调、字眼等)
[易混辨析]
(1)pull“拉”，普通用词，指“用力拉”，当不强调力的大小时，与push相对。
(2)draw与pull意思相近，不表力度、强度如何，通常指“拖、拉”的动作，比pull更均匀、平稳、从容。
(3)drag指艰难而缓慢地“拖、拉”笨重的东西，含“费力和用劲”之意。
[语境助记]
[即学即用]
(1)He
grabbed
her
and
dragged
her
away.
他抓住她，把她拖走了。
(2)If
he
fails,
he'll
drag
us
all
down
with
him.
要是他失败了，他会使我们大家连同他一起毁掉的。
(3)He
dragged
himself
out_of
bed.
他挣扎着起了床。
(4)The
party
was
so
good
that
I
couldn't
drag
myself
away.
聚会太开心了，我舍不得离开。
(5)用drag，draw和pull的适当形式填空
①My
brother
dragged
a
heavy
box
out
of
a
cupboard.
②They
pulled
hard，but
the
big
rock
remained
immovable.
③Please
draw
the
curtain
across
the
window.
7
(教材P20)“Man
overboard!
Turn
the
boat
around！”
urged
George,
shouting
loudly.
乔治大声催促道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”
(1)urge
sb.to
do
sth. 催促某人做某事
urge
sth.on/upon
sb.＝urge
on/upon
sb.sth.
向某人极力陈述某事
urge
sb.into
doing
sth.
催促/力劝某人做某事
urge
that...(should)＋动词原形(用虚拟语气)
催促；极力主张……
(2)have
an
urge
to
do
sth.
有做某事的冲动
(3)urgent
adj.
紧急的；急迫的
(4)urgently
adv.
紧急地；急迫地
[温馨提示]
urge后跟从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，其中should可省略。与之用法相同的单词可用以下口诀表示：一坚持insist；二命令order,
command；三建议suggest,
advise,
propose；四要求desire,
demand,
require,
request。
[即学即用]
(1)They
urged
us
to
go
at
once.
他们催促我们马上去。
(2)I
have
a
sudden
urge
to
go
to
the
countryside.
我突然想到乡下去一趟。
(3)The
central
government
urges_the_importance_of_safety_in
production
on
local
mines.
中央政府向当地煤矿强调安全生产的重要性。
(4)The
government
urged_the_citizens_to_help
reduce
the
noise
and
air
pollution
in
the
city.
政府呼吁市民们帮助减少市区内的噪声和空气污染。
(5)The
public
urge
that
smoking
(should)_be_banned
in
public
places
for
the
sake
of
others'
health.
公众强烈要求为了他人的健康，在公共场所应禁止吸烟。
(教材P21)From
James's
face,
I
could
see
he
was
terrified
of
being
abandoned
by
us.
从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他害怕被我们遗弃。
(1)abandon
sth. 放弃某物
abandon
oneself
to
沉湎于……
(2)in/with
abandon
放肆地；恣意地
(3)abandoned
adj.
被遗弃的；放荡的
[即学即用]
(1)Without
worrying
about
anything,
she
abandoned
herself
to
a
life
of
pleasure.
由于没有什么可担忧的，她沉溺于娱乐生活之中。
(2)My
dad
abandoned
smoking
because
of
his
poor
health.
因为身体不好，我的父亲戒烟了。
(3)He
abandoned_himself_to
deep
despair
when
the
news
came
that
his
wife
had
been
killed
in
a
car
accident.
当他妻子因车祸丧生的消息传来时，他陷入了深深的绝望。
(4)Ten
days
later,
the
boy
abandoned_by_his_parents
was
adopted
by
an
old
man.
十天后，这个被父母抛弃的男孩被一位老人收养了。
1
stop...(from)
doing...
阻止……做……
(教材P20)“...And
those
others
are
stopping
it
diving
or
fleeing
out
to
sea，”
George
told
me.
“……而其他那些虎鲸则阻止它潜水或逃跑。”乔治告诉我。
(1)prevent...(from)
doing... 阻止……做……
keep...from
doing...
阻止……做……
(2)protect...from/against...
保护……免受……
[即学即用]
①We
should
stop
people
(from)
cutting
down
trees.
＝People
should
be
stopped
from
cutting
down
trees
by
us.
我们应该阻止人们砍树。
②Nothing
can
prevent
us
from
reaching
(reach)
our
aim.
什么也挡不住我们实现自己的目标。
③Urgent
business
kept
me
from
attending
(attend)
the
meeting.
我因为有急事，所以没有参加会议。
④You
had
better
wear
sunglasses
to
protect
your
eyes
from/against
the
sun.
你最好戴上太阳镜来保护眼睛免受太阳伤害。
[名师点津] “stop/prevent...(from)
doing...”表示“阻止……做……”时。在主动语态句中from可省略，但在被动语态句中from不可省略。
2
(教材P20)We'll
return
tomorrow
to
bring
in
the
body.
我们明天再回来运鲸鱼的尸体。
bring
out 取出；出版
bring
up
养育；培养；呕吐
bring
down
降低；打倒
bring
about
引起；导致
bring
forward
提出；提前
[即学即用]
①The
government
plans
to
bring
in
new
laws
to
force
parents
to
take
more
responsibility
for
the
education
of
their
children.
政府计划制定新法律来迫使父母对孩子的教育承担更多的责任。
②Science
and
technology
has
brought
about
many
changes
in
our
lives.
科学技术给我们的生活带来了诸多变化。
③Though
brought
up
in
a
big
city,
Bill
always
prefers
to
sing
the
songs
of
country
life.
尽管比尔在大城市抚养大，可是他却总是偏好唱一些与乡村生活相关的歌曲。
3
(教材P21)What
evidence
was
there
that
Old
Tom
was
helping
the
whalers
out?
老汤姆帮助捕鲸人摆脱了危难，有什么证据吗？
(1)help...with... 帮助……做……
help...(to)
do...
帮助……做……
can't
help
doing
sth.
忍不住做某事
can't
help
(to)
do
sth.
不能帮助做某事
can't
help
but
do
sth.
不得不做某事
(2)with
the
help
of
在……的帮助下
[即学即用]
①Every
time
I
meet
with
difficulties,
he
helps
me
out.
每次我遇到困难，他总是帮我脱困。
②They
came
to
see
him
and
helped
him
with
his
lessons
after
school.
他们来看他并在放学后帮助他学习功课。
③The
man
was
warm?hearted.
Every
time
he
met
with
someone
who
was
in
trouble,
he
couldn't
help
doing
(do)
them
a
favour.
这个男子很热心。每次他遇到有麻烦的人，他都禁不住帮他们。
④Sorry,
I
am
too
busy
now,
so
I
can't
help
(to)_clean
(clean)
the
room.
对不起，我现在太忙，因此，我没法帮你清洁房间。
It
was
a
time
when
the
killer
whales,
or
“killers”
as
they
were
then
called,
helped
the
whalers
catch
the
baleen
whales
that
were
on
their
annual
migration.
那个时期，虎鲸——当时被称为“杀手”，帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
(1)在句型“It/That/There
was
a
time
when...”中，when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a
time(一段时间)。
①There
was
a
time
when
this
kind
of
music
was
very
popular.
曾经有段时期，这种音乐很流行。
(2)含有time的其他句型：
句型
谓语动词
含义
It's
(high/about)
time＋(that)．..
did或should
do
是该做某事的时候了(属于虚拟语气的句型)
It's＋时间段＋since从句
一般过去式
(到目前为止)做某事有多长时间了
It
was＋时间段＋since从句
过去完成时
(到过去某时间为止)做某事多长时间了
续表
句型
谓语动词
含义
It
is
the
first
time＋that从句
现在完成时
某人第一次……
It
was
the
first
time
that从句
过去完成时
某人第一次……
It
was
(not)＋时间段＋before从句
一般过去式
(没)过多久就……
It
will
(not)
be＋时间段＋before从句
一般现在式
(没)过多久就……
②It
is
five
years
since
he
smoked.
他戒烟已有五年了。
③It
is
the
first
time
that
the
President
has_visited
(visit)
the
country.
这是这位总统第一次访问这个国家。
This
was
the
call
that
announced
there
was
about
to
be
a
whale
hunt.
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
(1)be
about
to后接动词原形，意为“正要做某事；即将做某事”，习惯上不与具体的时间状语连用。
①Don't
go
out
now;
we
are
about
to
have
lunch.
现在不要出去了，马上我们就要吃午饭了。
②Be
quiet.
The
film
is
about
to
start.
安静，电影马上开始了。
(2)be
about
to
do
sth.when...意为“正要做某事这时……”。
③She
was
about
to
watch
TV
when
the
electricity
was
cut
off.
她刚要看电视，这时停电了。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
following
months
witnessed
(见证了)
my
efforts,
and
I
finally
made
great
progress
in
another
important
exam.
2．I
have
offered
to
paint
the
house
in
exchange
for
a
week's
accommodation
(住宿)．
3．Despite
some
difficulties,
we're
not
going
to
abandon
(放弃)
our
plan.
4．If
you
come
to
visit
China,
you
will
experience
a
culture
of
amazing
depth
(深度)
and
variety.
5．Alice
had
a
desire
to
live
better,
so
she
found
a
part?time
job.
Meanwhile(与此同时),
she
tried
to
look
beautiful
and
elegant.
6．As
he
got
into
the
room,
he
paused
(停顿)
for
a
moment
because
he
heard
a
strange
noise.
7．Her
son
dragged
(拉)
me
to
his
study
and
showed
me
his
piles
of
books
proudly.
8．Our
annual
(每年的)
English
Festival,
which
wilI
be
held
on
June
15—17,
is
now
looking
for
20
student
volunteers
to
provide
service
for
Talent
Show,
Speech
Contest,
and
English
Debate.
9．I
am
not
sure
of
the
exact
relationship
(关系)
between
Kate
and
Mary.
I
think
they
are
sisters.
10．In
the
meantime,
those
volunteers
hold
the
opposite
(相反的)
view
that
they
are
fed
up
with
the
earth
life
and
eager
for
living
on
Mars.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in
the
meantime,
help
(...)
out,
sort
out,
in
depth,
hear
of,
be
about
to,
ahead
of,
aim
at,
bring
in,
abandon
oneself
to
1．First
of
all,
newspapers
can
cover
events
in_depth.
2．The
newcomers
bring_in
new
customs
and
new
habits.
3．She
spent
an
afternoon
sorting_out
her
coins
and
stamps.
4．We
finished
the
work
several
days
ahead_of
the
deadline.
5．I
was_about_to
call
up
Mr
Li
when
he
came
into
the
office.
6．Maybe
I
have
heard_of
the
story
before,
but
I
can
hardly
remember
it.
7．As
an
excellent
shooter
Peter
practised
aiming_at
moving
targets.
8．In_the_meantime
I
will
spend
a
proper
amount
of
time
in
reviewing
the
lessons.
9．He
abandoned_himself_to
playing
computer
games,
which
made
his
mother
worried.
10．We
think
this
is
the
opportunity
for
us
youth
to
do
a
contribution
to
helping
the
victims
out.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．He
is
my
best
friend,
so
when
I
am
in
trouble
he
will
certainly
help_me_out.
他是我最好的朋友，因此，当我有麻烦时，他一定会帮我摆脱麻烦。
2．The
past
thirty
years
have_witnessed/seen_the_great_changes
in
China.
过去的三十年目睹了中国的巨大变化。
3．Our
teacher
urges
us
to
study
hard/that
we
(should)
study
hard，as
the
exam
is
drawing
near.
我们的老师敦促我们努力学习，因为考试就要来临了。
4．There
stands
an
old
school
on
the
opposite
side
of/opposite
the
water
supply
company.
自来水公司的对面是一所老学校。
5．Abandoning
himself/Abandoned
to
sorrow，Steven
just
couldn't
stop
crying.
沉湎于悲伤，史蒂芬只是无法停止哭泣。
6．The
doctor
should
be
here
soon.In
the
meantime/Meanwhile，try
to
relax.
医生应该很快来了，在此期间，尽量放松。
7．The
fallen
trees
are
being
dragged
away
and
the
traffic
is
dead
on
road.
倒下来的树木正在被拖走，路上的交通现在瘫痪了。
8．In
the
depth
of
my
memory,
many
things
I
did
with
my
father
still
live.
在我记忆的深处，我和父亲一起做过的事情依然鲜活。
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．那是一个很多年轻人到农村去锻炼的时代。(when引导的定语从句)
It
was
a
time
when
many
young
people
went
to
the
countryside
to
get
some
training.
2．我们正要跳进河里去游泳，那时一个农民拦住了我们。(be
about
to
do)
We
were
about
to
dive
into
the
river
to
swim
when
a
farmer
stopped
us.
3．我无法忍受住在多雨的城市，即使它对我的皮肤有好处。(even
though)
I
could
not
bear
to
live
in
a
city
with
so
much
rain,
even
though/if
it
is
good
for
my
skin.
4．有人极力主张，图书馆应该在假期保持开放。(主语从句)
It
is
urged
that
the
library
(should)
be
kept
open
during
the
vacation.
5．掌握好英文写作需要耐心和努力。(it作形式主语)
It
takes
patience
and
hard
work
to
master
English
writing.
PAGEUnit
3 Under
the
sea
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．target
n.
目标；靶；受批评的对象
2．reflect
vi.
思考；vt.
映射；反射；思考
reflection
n.
映射；反射；思考
3．pure
adj.
纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的
purely
adv.
纯粹地
4．aware
adj.
意识到的；知道的
awareness
n.
意识；认识；明白；知道
5．vivid
adj.
生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
vividly
adv.
生动地；鲜明地
6．neat
adj.
〈口〉好的；整齐的；匀称的
neatly
adv.
整洁地
7．narrow
adj.
狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的
narrowly
adv.
仔细地；勉强地；狭窄地；严密地
8．sharp
adj.
锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的
sharply
adv.
急剧地；锐利地
9．tasty
adj.
好吃的；可口的
taste
n.
味道；品味；审美；vt.
尝；体验；vi.
尝起来；有……的味道
10．scare
vt.
恐吓；vi.
受惊吓
scared
adj.
害怕的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．be/become_aware_of 对……知道、明白；意识到……
2．upside_down
上下翻转
3．(be)_scared_to_death
吓死了
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．that引导定语从句
I
especially
loved
the
little
orange
and
white
fish
that_hid_in_the_waving_long_thin_seaweed.
我特别喜欢那些橘黄和白色相间的小鱼，它们藏在波动着的、细长的海藻里。
2．with复合结构
There
were
other
creatures
that
I
didn't
want
to
get
too
close
to
—
an
eel
with
its
strong
sharp
teeth,
with
only
its
head
showing
(show)
from
a
hole,
watching
for
a
tasty
fish
(or
my
tasty
toe！)．..
还有一些其他的动物，我不想太靠近它们——一条带有利
齿的海鳗，从洞穴里探出头来，望着可作美餐的鱼游过来(或者在等着我的美味脚趾伸过去！)……
3．独立主格结构
Then
there
were
two
grey
reef
sharks,
each_about_one_and_a_half_metres_long,_which
suddenly
appeared
from
behind
some
coral.
然后有两条约1.5米长的灰色的珊瑚礁鲨突然从珊瑚礁后面游了出来。
4．where...,
there
be...在有……的地方，就有……
The
water
was
quite
shallow
but
where
the
reef
ended,
there_was
a
steep
drop
to
the
sandy
ocean
floor.
海水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
课文预读
崭新的生活空间
[第1～2段译文]
1月19日
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这纯粹是神奇的一天！这天上午，我戴着呼吸器在近海的珊瑚礁上潜泳，这是我从来没有过的绝妙经历。看到这样奇特的美景，我周身的每个细胞都苏醒了，就像发现了一个全新的生活空间似的。
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色。那些珊瑚都是稀奇古怪的——有的形状像扇子、盘子、脑袋和彩带，有的像蘑菇、树枝和鹿角。还有种类繁多、小巧整齐、姿态优雅的鱼穿行在珊瑚丛中，或环游于珊瑚的四周。
[第3段译文]
在这些鱼群中游泳，它们似乎并不在乎。我特别喜欢那些橘黄和白色相间的小鱼，它们藏在波动着的细长的海藻里。我也喜欢那些为大鱼清洁身体的小鱼——我甚至还看到这些小鱼游进大鱼的嘴里去帮它们清洁牙齿！当我用水下探照灯探索小石洞、暗礁和狭窄通道的时候，似乎每个角落都有使我感到惊奇的东西等着我：黄绿相间的鹦嘴鱼倒挂着，用它那像鸟嘴一样的硬嘴从珊瑚上吮吸微小植物；一条带着黄斑点的红色海蛞蝓从一个蓝色的海星旁边滑行过去；一只长相聪慧的大乌龟紧贴我的身旁而过，伸手便可触及。
[第4～6段译文]
还有一些其他的动物，我不想太靠近它们——一条带有利齿的鳗鱼，只是把头从石洞里伸出来，望着可供美餐的鱼过来(或者在等着我的美味脚趾伸过去！)；巨大的蛤蜊半掩在珊瑚礁中等着有什么东西游过来，游到它那宽厚的绿嘴唇中去。然后，还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长，突然从珊瑚礁后边游了出来。我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点也不能抑制我那怕得要死的心情！
海水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。它是边界的标志。我游过珊瑚礁的边沿，浮在上面往下看海底的时候，我认为我还是非常勇敢的。我的心急剧地跳动着——在这样深邃而清澈的海水中，我感觉我彻底曝光了。
这个水底下的世界是多么美妙，多么漫无边际！而我在这个海洋的世界中又是多么渺小！
课文理解
Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F)
1．The
corals
were
fantastic
—
they
were
shaped
like
various
things,
such
as
fans,
plates,
mushrooms
and
so
on.( T )
2．The
fish
seemed
to
welcome
the
author's
swimming
among
them.( F )
3．There
were
some
big
fish
that
cleaned
the
bodies
of
smaller
fish.( F )
4．The
author
liked
to
get
close
to
eels
with
strong
sharp
teeth.( F )
5．Although
the
sharks
were
not
dangerous,
the
author
still
felt
scared
to
death
for
a
moment.( T )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．In
the
diary,
the
author
mainly
wants
to
tell
us
________.
A．what
he
saw
in
the
sea
B．how
the
fish
eat
in
the
sea
C．the
vivid
colours
in
the
sea
D．all
the
plants
in
the
sea
are
poisonous
答案：A
2．The
writer
first
became
aware
of
________.
A．all
the
animals
that
he
saw
B．all
the
vivid
colours
surrounding
him
C．all
the
pictures
he
took
D．all
the
flowers
in
the
park
答案：B
3．What
was
hanging
upside
down
in
the
sea
according
to
the
text?
A．The
orange
and
white
fish.
B．The
yellow?spotted
red
sea?slug.
C．The
yellow
and
green
parrotfish.
D．The
orange
and
blue?striped
angelfish.
答案：C
4．What
astonished
the
writer
was
that
the
small
fish
________.
A．could
eat
sharks
B．dared
to
get
inside
the
mouths
of
larger
fish
to
clean
their
teeth
C．feared
no
animals
in
the
sea
D．were
friendly
to
large
fish
答案：B
5．From
the
whole
text
we
know
that
the
author
felt
that
________.
A．he
was
a
tiny
spot
compared
with
the
sea
world
B．the
ocean
was
a
tiny
spot
compared
with
the
whole
world
C．there
was
no
danger
in
the
sea
except
sharks
D．all
kinds
of
fish
were
waiting
for
something
for
food
答案：A
1
(教材P23)First,
not
only
target
fish
are
caught
in
the
net,
but
many
other
sea
animals
are
found
hanging
there.
首先，不仅仅要捕的鱼被困在网内，许多别的海洋动物也被发现挂在网上。
(1)set
a
target 设定目标
aim
at
the
target
瞄准目标
hit/miss
the
target
中/脱靶
(2)target
vt.
把……当作批评对象；以……为攻击目标；把……对准
target
sth.on/at
把……对准
[易混辨析]
(1)target指射击的靶，军事攻击目标。引申指被攻击、批评或嘲笑的对象；为……定指标。
(2)aim从本义“靶子”引申而来，侧重比较具体而明确的目标，但常指短期目标。也可作动词，意为“瞄准，以……为目标”。
(3)goal指经过考虑和选择，需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。
[即学即用]
(1)He
says
it
is
time
to
set
an
even
more
ambitious
target.
他说，现在是时候设定一个更雄心勃勃的目标了。
(2)The
embassy
is
an
obvious
target
for
terrorist
attacks.
大使馆是恐怖分子攻击的明显目标。
(3)We
want
to
target
more
welfare
on
the
poorest
groups
in
society.
我们想给社会上最贫困的群体提供更多的福利。
(4)They
have
set_a_target
(设定目标)
of
developing
200
new
members.
(5)Not
many
provinces
will
meet_their_targets
(实现他们的目标)
for
energy
conservation.
(6)The
magazine
targets
young
women
(以年轻女性作为对象)．
2
(教材P24)I'm
sitting
in
the
warm
night
air
with
a
cold
drink
in
my
hand
and
reflecting
on
the
day
—
a
day
of
pure
magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一杯冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这真是神奇的一天！
(1)reflect
sb./sth.in
sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像
reflect
sth.from
sth.
从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
reflect
on/upon
sth.
思考某事
(2)reflection
n.
反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思，深思
be
lost
in
reflection
陷入沉思中
[语境助记]
三图巧解“reflect”
[即学即用]
(1)After
reflecting
for
a
time,
he
decided
not
to
go.
仔细考虑后，他决定不去了。
(2)I
reflected
on
possible
reasons
for
my
failure.
我仔细考虑导致我失败的种种可能的原因。
(3)When
I
reflect_on
my
school
days,
I
realize
how
much
easier
things
are
for
today's
children.
当我回想起我读书的日子，我意识到对现在的孩子们来说条件是好多了。
(4)The
girl
was
sitting
on
the
beach,
lost_in_reflection_on
her
future.
女孩坐在沙滩上，为自己的未来而陷入深思之中。
3
(教材P24)And
all
kinds
of
small,
neat
and
elegant
fish
were
swimming
in
and
around
the
corals.
还有种类繁多、小巧整齐、姿态优雅的鱼穿行在珊瑚中。
(1)neat
and
tidy 整洁
(2)neatly
adv.
整洁地；整齐地
(3)neatness
n.
干净；整洁
[即学即用]
(1)She
folded
her
clothes
in
a
neat
pile
on
the
chair.
她把自己的衣服在椅子上折成了整齐的一叠。
(2)At
the
door
was
a
neatly
dressed,
dignified
man.
门口是一位穿戴整齐、仪态庄重的男子。
(3)She
undressed
and
put
her
wet
clothes
in_a_neat_pile
in
the
corner.
她脱掉衣服，把湿衣服整齐地码成一堆放在角落里。
(4)He
folded
his
paper
neatly
and
sipped
his
coffee.
他把他的报纸整齐地叠起来，然后抿了口咖啡。
(5)The
courtyards
were
a
perfect
balance
between
neatness
and
natural
wildness.
这些庭院是整齐有序和天然粗放的完美结合。
4
(教材P24)．..as
I
explored
small
caves,
shelves
and
narrow
passages...
………当我探索小洞穴、暗礁和狭窄通道的时候……
(1)a
narrow
escape 九死一生
a
narrow
victory
险胜
a
narrow
majority
微弱的多数
a
narrow
defeat
勉强击败
narrow?minded
心胸狭窄的
in
a
narrow
sense
在狭义上
(2)narrow
vt.
变窄；缩小；使窄小
(3)narrowly
adv.
勉强地；狭隘地；小心地
[即学即用]
(1)He
only
had
a
narrow
circle
of
friends
then.
那时他只有有限的几个朋友。
(2)He
has
a
narrow
mind.
他心胸狭窄。
(3)The
children
have
a_narrow_escape
in
the
earthquake.
这些孩子们在地震中幸免于难。
(4)The
car
narrowly
(narrow)
missed
a
cyclist.
这辆汽车差点儿撞上一位骑自行车的人。
(教材P24)There
were
other
creatures
that
I
didn't
want
to
get
too
close
to
—
an
eel
with
its
strong
sharp
teeth,
with
only
its
head
showing
from
a
hole,
watching
for
a
tasty
fish
(or
my
tasty
toe！)．..
还有一些其他的生物，我不想太靠近它们——一条有着坚固锋利牙齿的鳗鱼，只是把头从洞里伸出来，伺机捕捉可供美餐的鱼(或者我美味的脚趾！)……
(1)sharply
adv. 锐利地；严厉地；苛刻地
(2)sharpen
vt.
磨快；使锐利
(3)sharpener
n.
磨具；削具
[即学即用]
(1)It's
very
sharp
of
you
to
see
that.
你能看到那一点，很有洞察力。
(2)He
got
home
at
seven
sharp.
他在7点整到家。
(3)I
was
left
with_a_sharp_sense_of_disappointment.
我被留下时突然感到一阵失望。
(4)This
knife
needs_sharpening.
这把刀子需要磨一下了。
(5)Take
care!
The
road
bends_sharply/has_a_sharp_bend.
当心！这条路转弯很急。
6
(教材P24)I
told
myself
they
weren't
dangerous
but
that
didn't
stop
me
from
feeling
scared
to
death
for
a
moment!
我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点儿也不能抑制我那怕得要死的恐惧心情！
(1)scare
sb.to
death
把某人吓得要死
scare
sb.into
doing
sth.
吓得某人做某事
scare
sb.out
of
doing
sth.
吓得某人不敢做某事
scare
sb.away/off
把某人吓跑
(2)scared
adj.
害怕的；惊恐的
be
scared
to
death
吓得要死
be
scared
of
sth./sb.
害怕……
be
scared
to
do
sth.
害怕做某事
[即学即用]
(1)That
car
only
just
missed
me
—
it
gave
me
a
real
scare!
那辆汽车差一点儿就撞着我——真把我吓了一大跳！
(2)He
was
nearly
scared
to
death
by
the
strange
sound.
他差点儿被那奇怪的声音吓死。
(3)I'm
scared
to
fly
in
a
plane
—
scared
that
it
might
crash.
我怕坐飞机——因为怕它会坠毁。
(4)What
a
scare
you
gave
me,
appearing
suddenly
in
the
dark.
在黑暗中突然出现，你真吓了我一跳。
(5)Sometimes
you
have
to
scare
people
into
getting
the
point.
有时候你不得不恐吓人们以达到(让他们理解你的)目的。
(教材P24)The
first
thing
I
became
aware
of
was
all
the
vivid
colours
surrounding
me
—
purples,
reds,
oranges,
yellows,
blues
and
greens.
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色。
(1)be
aware
that... 意识到/体会到……
(2)awareness
n.
意识；认识
develop
an
awareness
of
逐渐懂得；培养……的意识
[即学即用]
①Tom
turned
around
and
saw
me,
but
he
pretended
not
to
be
aware
of
my
presence.
汤姆回头看见了我，但他假装不知道我在那里。
②As
a
member
of
society,
I'm
aware
that
being
responsible
is
what
it
takes
to
make
a
better
society.
作为社会的一员，我意识到有责任感是建设更好的社会所需要的。
③It
is
important
that
the
farmers
are
developing
an
awareness
(aware)
of
how
the
Internet
can
be
used.
重要的是农民正在逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。
The
water
was
quite
shallow
but
where
the
reef
ended，
there
was
a
steep
drop
to
the
sandy
ocean
floor.
海水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
(1)从属连词where引导地点状语从句。
①It
is
well
known
that
the
panda
lives
where
there
is
plenty
of
bamboo.
众所周知，熊猫生活在有大量竹子的地方。
②As
young
men,
we
should
learn
to
stand
up
where_we_fall.
作为年轻人，我们应该学会在我们跌倒的地方站起来。
(2)wherever“在何处；无论何处”也可以引导地点状语从句。
③As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
you
are
free
to
go
wherever_you_like.
就我个人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
still
water
reflects
(映出)
the
full
moon.
2．We
were
still
right
on
target
(目标)
for
our
deadline.
3．He
doesn't
seem
to
be
aware
(意识到的)
of
the
problems.
4．The
children
cooperated
with
their
teachers
in
keeping
the
classroom
neat
(整齐的)．
5．Seeing
the
monster,
the
little
girl
was
too
scared
(害怕)
to
speak
a
word.
6．The
police
had
the
criminal
trapped
in
a
narrow
(狭窄的)
street
where
he
could
not
escape.
7．Our
teacher
told
the
story
so
vividly
(生动地)
that
all
of
us
were
lost
in
it.
8．These
cookies
were
very
tasty
(好吃)
and
the
child
ate
them
up.
9．Antarctic
(南极洲)
is
the
coldest
of
the
seven
continents
in
the
world.
10．The
water
in
the
river
is
shallow
(浅的).
You
can
walk
across
it.
Ⅱ.选词填空
be/become
aware
of，
upside
down，
be
scared
to
death，
be
concerned
with，
reflect
on，
wake
up，
wait
for，
be
exposed
to，
in
danger
of，
bring
in
1．You
should
reflect_on
the
plan
for
a
moment,
and
then
make
a
decision.
2．Not
having
noticed
the
man
on
the
corner,
Mary
was
almost
scared_to_death
when
she
saw
him.
3．Look!
The
oil
painting
on
the
wall
is
hanging
upside_down.
4．After
he
lost
his
job,
he
finally
was/became_aware_of
the
meaning
of
education.
5．This
liquid
cannot
be_exposed_to
air,
for
it
will
soon
evaporate.
6．When
he
woke_up,_his
mother
was
standing
close
to
him.
7．The
murderer
was
brought_in,_with
his
hands
tied
behind
his
back.
8．Many
species
are
in_danger_of
extinction
now
due
to
the
foolish
actions
of
the
human
race.
9．Hurry
up!
We
are
waiting_for
you
at
the
gate.
10．Her
book
is_concerned_with
environmental
protection.
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．她认识到了这一事实，但是她还不能面对它。(aware)
She
has
been/become
aware
of
the
fact,
but
she
could
not
face
it.
2．有许多事情要做，他无法陪我去电影院了。(with复合结构)
With
many
things
to
do,
he
can't
accompany
me
to
the
cinema.
3．不仅学生而且老师也每天读英语。(not
only...but
also)
Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
reads
English
every
day.
4．请记住：哪里有问题，哪里就有解决办法。(where...there...)
Remember
that
where
there
is
a
problem,
there
is
always
a
solution.
5．什么也阻止不了他去泰山，因为那就是他一直渴望去的地方。(stop
sb.from
doing)
Nothing
can
stop
him
from
going
to
Mount
Tai
because
it
is
the
very
place
(that)
he
has
been
looking
forward
to
going
to.
6．这双鞋子是意大利设计的，那就是它比其他的鞋子贵的原因。(that's
why...)
This
pair
of
shoes
was
designed
in
Italy.
That's
why
it's
more
expensive
than
others.
7．明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。(独立主格结构)
We
shall
play
the
match
tomorrow,
weather
permitting.
8．我非常高兴我在比赛中获得一等奖，这使我理解了“不劳无获”这句谚语的真正含义。(定语从句)
I
feel
really
delighted
that
I've
won
the
first
prize
in
the
competition,
which
makes
me
understand
the
true
meaning
of
the
proverb
“No
pains,
no
gains.”
PAGEUnit
3 Under
the
sea
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——复习被动语态(Ⅱ)
[思维导图]
[语法精讲]
v．?ing形式的被动语态包括动名词的被动语态和现在分词的被动语态。它们在形式上都有一般式和完成式。
一、动名词的被动语态
1．概念：动名词的被动语态是指由“being/having
been＋过去分词”构成的一种非谓语动词形式，它兼有名词和动词的特征。它只能在句中作主语、宾语和表语。
Being
exposed
to
the
nuclear
radiation
for
long
will
do
great
harm
to
one's
health.
长时间暴露在核辐射下会对人的健康造成很大的伤害。
I
appreciated
having
been
given
the
chance
to
study
abroad
two
years
ago.
我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。
2．句法功能
(1)作主语
Being
laughed
at
in
public
is
a
terrible
experience.
在公共场合被嘲笑是一次非常不愉快的经历。
注意：having
been
done形式不能作主语。
Not
being
allowed
to
go
out
made
him
very
angry.
不让他出去，他非常生气。
(2)作宾语
He
couldn't
bear
being
made
fun
of
like
that.
人家那样开他的玩笑，他受不了。
He
is
ashamed
of
having
been
defeated
for
many
times.
他为多次被人击败而感到羞愧。
I
look
forward
to
being
invited
to
his
wedding.
我盼望能受邀参加他的婚礼。
(3)作表语
Seeing
is
believing.
眼见为实。
What
upset
the
child
was
his
not
being
allowed
to
visit
his
mother
in
the
hospital.
让小孩沮丧的是没有被允许去医院看妈妈。
3．注意事项
在want；need；require；deserve等动词以及worth后面，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
Your
hair
is
much
too
long.
It
needs
cutting.
你的头发太长了，该剪剪了。
The
problem
of
global
warming
deserves
reflecting
on.
全球变暖的问题值得仔细思考。
二、现在分词的被动语态
1．概念：现在分词的被动语态是指由“being/having
been＋过去分词”构成的一种非谓语动词形式，它兼有形容词和副词的特征。它只能在句中作定语、补语和状语。
2．句法功能
(1)作定语
The
meeting
being
held
in
the
meeting
room
is
about
improving
the
working
conditions
of
the
entire
staff.
在会议室里开的会是关于改善全体职工的工作条件的。
(2)作补语
You'll
find
their
affair
being
discussed
everywhere.
你会发现到处都在谈论他们的暧昧关系。
As
we
approached
the
village
we
saw
new
houses
being
built.
快到村子时我们看到人们正在盖新房子。
(3)作状语
Being
asked
to
give
a
performance,
she
couldn't
very
well
refuse.
有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。
Having
been
bitten
(＝Bitten)
by
the
snakes
for
one
time,
she
is
now
afraid
of
them.
被蛇咬过一次后，她现在非常怕蛇。
[名师点津]
(1)“having
been
done”既不能作定语也不能作补语。
(2)“having
been
done”作状语时，如果不强调它所造成的影响或结果，则常用过去分词(代替)。
3．注意事项
现在分词的被动语态作状语时，其否定式是在being或having前加not。
Though
not
having
been
discovered,
many
laws
of
nature
exist.
虽然还没被发现，但是很多自然定律还是存在的。
Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空
1．Yet
instead
of
being_discouraged
(discourage)
by
my
slow
progress,
I
was
excited.
2．“Hey,
aren't
you
from
Mississippi？”
the
elegant
writer
remembered
being_asked
(ask)
by
the
stranger.
3．Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing,
going
to
hear
it
being_performed
(perform)
live
is
quite
another.
4．The
lecture
having_been_given
(give),
a
live
question?and?answer
session
followed.
5．Shortly
after
suffering
from
a
massive
earthquake
and
being_reduced
(reduce)
to
ruins,
the
city
took
on
a
new
look.
6．Having_been_witnessed/Witnessed
(witness)
to
enter
the
building
when
the
murder
occurred,
he
is
being
questioned
by
the
police
now.
7．Being_abandoned
(abandon)
by
his
parents
made
him
depressed
for
a
long
time.
8．My
watch
runs
faster
so
it
needs
repairing/to_be_repaired
(repair)
9．Having_been_urged/Urged
(urge)
to
study
hard,
the
boy
is
anxious
sometimes.
10．However,
a
plan
can
bear
no
fruit
without
being_carried
(carry)
out.
Ⅱ.补全句子(注意使用被动语态)
1．As
a
student,
I
can
tell
you
that
there
is
nothing
better
than
being_praised_by
(被……表扬)
my
teacher
before
my
classmates.
2．Every
time
I
read
“...if
I
had
the
power
of
sight
for
three
days”，
I
cannot
help
being_moved
(被感动)
by
its
author
Helen
Keller.
3．Having_been_criticized
(被批评)
by
the
teacher,
Li
Ming
gave
up
smoking.
4．The
meeting
was
put
off
without
his_having_been_consulted
(咨询他)．
5．She
was
very
upset
for
not_having_been_invited
(没被邀请)
to
the
party.
6．Not_having_been_told
(因为没被告知)
when
to
start,
he
came
late.
7．There
are
a
large
number
of
different
shapes
of
files,
each
being_made
(被做)
for
some
particular
kind
of
work.
8．Being_well_taken_care_of
(因为被照料得很好),
he
recovered
quickly.
PAGEUnit
3 Under
the
sea
Section
Ⅳ Writing——投诉信
一、基本结构
投诉信一般分为三个部分：
第一段：点明写作意图。
第二段：表述投诉的原因。
第三段：提出具体要求。
二、增分佳句
(一)投诉信的开头常用句式——点明意图
1．I
am
writing
to
you
to
complain
about...
我给你写信是为了投诉……
2．I
am
writing
to
express
my
dissatisfaction
with...
我写此信以表达我对……的不满。
(二)投诉信的主体常用句式——表述原因
1．There
are
some
problems
with
my
flat
that
I
wish
to
bring
your
attention
to.
我的房间有些问题，希望能引起你的注意。
2．I
can
hardly
bear/tolerate/put
up
with
it
any
more.
我几乎不能再忍受它了。
3．I'm
afraid
I
have
a
complaint
to
make.
恐怕我要提点意见。
4．That's
not
what
I
had
in
mind.
我想要的可不是这个。
5．It's
not
what
I
hoped
for.
我期待的可不是这样的。
6．That
leaves
a
lot
to
be
desired.
太不让人满意了。
7．That
doesn't
quite
suit
me.
这个对我来说不是很合适。
8．I'm
not
at
all
satisfied
with
the
surroundings
here.
我一点也不满意这儿的环境。
9．I'm
really
very
annoyed
about
it.
我对此事真是很生气。
(三)投诉信的结尾常用句式——具体要求
1．I
hope
that
you
will
consider
my
suggestions
and
improve
the
situation
as
best
as
you
can.
我希望你能考虑我的建议并尽你所能改善这种局面。
2．I
hope
that
you
will
take
this
matter
seriously
and
make
an
effort
to
prevent
the
recurrence
of
this
kind.
我希望你能认真对待此事并努力防止此类事件的再次发生。
3．I
hope
you
can
give
me
a
satisfying
reply
and
deal
with
this
matter
reasonably.
我希望你能给我一个满意的答复并合理处理此事。
4．I
must
warn
you
that
unless
you
do
something
about
the
situation,
I
will
be
forced
to
take
legal
action.
我必须警告你，除非你尽力改善这种局面，否则迫不得已我会采取法律行动。
5．I
will
appreciate
your
willingness
to
make
up
for
the
loss.
如果你愿意弥补损失，我将不胜感激。
[题目要求]
假如你是李华，请你根据以下提示向国际野生动物组织写一封投诉信，反映非法捕猎海洋生物的现象。
1．非法捕猎越来越严重；
2．由于在全世界鲸鱼成为非法捕猎的对象，五年来它的数目在急剧减少；
3．我们曾经毁掉森林，带来了干旱和洪水；如果非法捕猎海洋生物得不到阻止，我们将失掉家园。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为投诉信；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第一、二人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分，点明意图——海洋非法捕猎严重，鲸鱼数目锐减。
第二部分，表述原因——保护海洋的重要性。
第三部分，具体要求——认真对待，防止再次发生。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．complain 抱怨
2．the_illegal_hunt
非法捕猎
3．creature
生物
4．witness
见证；目睹
5．target
目标；靶子
6．be/become_aware_of
意识到
7．consider
考虑
8．stop/prevent
阻止；防止
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．在过去的五年中鲸鱼的数目急剧减少。
The
number
of
the
whale
has
sharply
decreased
in
the
past
five
years.
2．在全世界鲸鱼成为非法捕猎的主要目标。
The
whale
has
been
the
main
target
of
the
illegal
hunt
in
the
whole
world.
(target
n．)
→The
whale
has
been
targeted
by
the
illegal
hunt
in
the
whole
world.
(target
v．)
3．一旦生态平衡遭到破坏，我们将遭受很多灾难。
Once
the
balance
of
nature
is_destroyed,_we
will
suffer
a
lot.
4．曾经有段时间我们没有意识到植物的重要性。
There
was
a
time
when
we
were
not
aware
of
the
importance
of
plants.
5．干旱和洪水同时到来。
Drought
and
flood
came
hand
in
hand.
6．如果我们不阻止非法海洋捕捞，我们将失去我们的家园。
If
we
did_not_stop
the
illegal
hunt
in
the
ocean,
we
would_lose_our_home.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用witness改写句1
The
past
five
years
has
witnessed
the
sharp
decrease
of
the
whale.
2．用独立主格结构改写句3
The
balance
of
nature
destroyed,
we
will
suffer
a
lot.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Dear
Sir
or
Madam，
I
am
writing
to
complain
that
the
illegal
hunt
for
ocean
creatures
is
becoming
bad
to
worse;
as
a
result,
the
past
five
years
has
witnessed
the
sharp
decrease
of
the
whale
because
it
has
been
the
main
target
of
the
illegal
hunt
in
the
whole
world.
The
balance
of
nature
destroyed,
we
will
suffer
a
lot.
There
was
a
time
when
we
were
not
aware
of
the
importance
of
plants,
and
then
drought
and
flood
came
hand
in
hand.
If
we
did
not
stop
the
illegal
hunt
in
the
ocean,
we
would
lose
our
home.
We
trust
that
you
will
now
consider
this
matter
seriously
and
make
an
effort
to
prevent
the
recurrence
of
this
kind.
Yours，
Li
Hua
PAGE
