Unit
4 Sharing
The
world
is
not
made
of
bricks
and
mortar
(泥浆).
It
is
made
up
of
people
interacting
(相互影响)
with
each
other
and
supporting
each
other.
Each
year
volunteer
workers
put
in
hundreds
of
thousands
of
hours
in
a
huge
range
of
activities.
Sometimes
they
are
in
formal
organizations;
more
often
they
are
simply
helping
out
those
in
the
neighborhood
less
fortunate
than
themselves.
What
they
have
in
common
is
that
they
are
doing
their
volunteer
work
because
they
want
to,
not
because
they
are
paid.
International
Volunteer
Day
celebrates
one
of
the
most
honorable
jobs
in
the
world
—
being
a
volunteer.
Many
not?for?profit
and
non?government
organizations
rely
on
the
devotion
of
volunteers
and
International
Volunteer
Day
gives
these
organizations
an
opportunity
to
acknowledge
(认可)
their
efforts.
The
United
Nations
General
Assembly
(联合国大会)
established
International
Volunteer
Day
in
1985.
International
Volunteer
Day
is
the
perfect
time
for
an
organization
to
express
thanks
to
its
volunteers.
开启快乐学习之旅
助人等于助己，助人为乐。志愿服务是一条双向路。当志愿人员帮助其他人实现积极变革时，他们自己的生活也常常因为志愿服务本身而发生转变。就让我们一起了解一下国际志愿者日吧！
Unit
4 Sharing
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．concept
n.
观念；概念
2．weekly
adj.
&
adv.
每周(的)
week
n.
周，星期
3．relevant
adj.
有关的；切题的
4．remote
adj.
遥远的；偏僻的
5．adjust
vi.
&
vt.
调整；(使)适合
adjustment
n.
调整；适合
adjustable
adj.
可调整的
6．participate
vi.
参与；参加
participation
n.
参加
participant
n.
参加者
7．otherwise
conj.
否则；不然；adv.
用别的方法；其他方面
8．privilege
n.
特权；特别优待
9．arrangement
n.
安排；排列
arrange
v.
安排
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．hear_from
接到……的信
hear_of/about
听说
2．(be)_dying_to
极想；渴望
be_eager_to_do/be_anxious_to_do/long_to_do
渴望做……
3．the_other_day
不久前的一天
4．dry_out
(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
dry_up
(指河流、井等)干涸
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．It
takes
sb.some
time
to
do
sth.花费某人多少时间做某事
It
takes
me
only
a
few
minutes
to_walk
(walk)
to
school
down
a
muddy
track.
我沿着一条泥泞的小路步行，只要几分钟就到学校了。
2．be
doing...when...正在做……突然……
The
other
day
I
was_showing
the
boys
the
weekly
chemistry
experiment
when,_before
I
knew
it,
the
mixture
was
bubbling
over
everywhere!
不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示每周一次的化学实验，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！
3．do表强调的用法
But
last
weekend
another
teacher,
Jenny,
and
I
did_visit_a_village
which
is
the
home
of
one
of
the
boys,
Tombe.
但是上个周末，我和另一个老师，珍妮，确实拜访了一个村庄，其中一个男孩汤贝的家就在那里。
4．from
where引导定语从句
We
walked
for
two
and
a
half
hours
to
get
there
—
first
up
a
mountain
to
a
ridge
from_where
we
had
fantastic
views
and
then
down
a
steep
path
to
the
valley
below.
我们走了两个半小时才到了那儿——先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景，然后又沿着陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。课文预读
一封家书
[第1～2段译文]
亲爱的罗斯玛丽：
谢谢你的来信，这封信花费了两星期才到。接到你的信真是太高兴了。我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
你问起我的中学情况。嗯，它是一所丛林学校——教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。我只要沿着一条泥泞的小路步行几分钟就到学校了。当我走到学校操场的时候，迎接我的是男孩子们一片“早上好”的声音。他们中许多人走了很长的路，有时候走多达两个小时才到学校。
[第3～4段译文]
这儿没有电，也没有水，甚至连课本也没有！我还在努力适应这些情况。但是有一点是肯定的，我在教学中变得更富有想象力了。理科对我来说是最富挑战性的课程，因为我的学生对做实验没有概念。实际上，根本没有设备。如果需要水，我还得从家里用水桶提过来！不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！男孩子们以前从来没有见过这种情况，吓得都往窗外跳去。有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些学生究竟有多大用处。不管怎样他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。说实在的，我很怀疑我教的课是否会让这些男孩子的生活有所改变。
你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。嗯，那实在是太难了，因为我还说不了几句当地人说的英语方言。不过，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是其中一个男孩汤贝的家。这是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。当我们到达村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来在园子里拔草，看到我们就“嗳矣，嗳矣”地叫了起来。我们同所有的村民都握了手。每个人看上去都是汤贝家的亲戚。
[第5段译文]
汤贝的父亲，莫卡普，把我们带到他的家里。这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草——这表示这间竹屋是男人住的。屋子是圆的，不像学校那样是长方形的。这里没有窗户，房门只够一个人进出。小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。地上摆放着一堆新鲜的草，还有一个新做的平台，是供珍妮和我睡觉用的。通常齐亚克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我们一起睡在平台上。莫卡普和汤贝则睡在竹屋另一边的小床上。在竹屋中间靠近房门的地方有一个火炉。我所看到的仅有财产就是一把扫帚、几个锡盘和锡杯，还有几个罐子。
[第6段译文]
莫卡普在屋子外边生火。一旦火着起来后，他就往火里放了几块石头。当烧热时，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考(红薯)、玉米和青菜，然后用香蕉叶子把这些蔬菜盖上，等着它们蒸熟。我用鼻子嗅，食物闻起来很香。我们在小屋里围着火炉坐下来吃东西。我喜欢听一家人用他们的语言轻声细语地交谈，虽然我无法参与到他们的对话中去。幸好，汤贝能给我们当翻译。
[第7～9段译文]
后来，我发现有一个锡罐子倒放在火炉的烤架上。过了一会儿，汤贝把它从门道里扔了出去。我不懂为什么这样做。汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。他们相信剩饭在夜晚会引来邪灵，所以要把食物放在罐子里烧干，再把罐子扔到屋外去。否则的话，他们是不会浪费任何东西的。
第二天早晨，经过一番紧紧握手和道别之后，我们就离开了村庄。我们爬下山回家，往回走的时候，我的腿部肌肉发痛，膝盖发抖。那天晚上我很开心，倒在床上就睡了。能与汤贝一家度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。
天色很晚了，我还得准备明天的课，做一些文书工作。请早日来信。
爱你的，
乔
课文理解
Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F)
1．The
classrooms
are
made
of
bricks
and
the
roofs
of
grass.( F )
2．It
always
takes
the
boys
only
a
few
minutes
to
get
to
the
school.( F )
3．Science
is
the
most
challenging
subject
for
Jo.( T )
4．When
Jo
and
Jenny
arrived
at
the
village,
they
shook
hands
with
all
the
villagers.( T )
5．Tombe
threw
out
the
tin
can
because
it's
very
dirty.( F )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
Jo's
attitude?
A．She
is
sure
that
all
the
boys
will
go
to
college
in
the
future.
B．She
believes
that
chemistry
is
very
useful
to
the
boys.
C．She
is
wondering
if
she
can
make
any
difference
to
the
boys'
lives.
D．She
doesn't
like
the
simple
life
in
the
mountain
village.
答案：C
2．In
a
chemistry
experiment
the
boys
jumped
out
of
the
windows
because
they
________.
A．were
frightened
by
the
bubbling
mixture
B．couldn't
stand
the
terrible
smell
of
the
mixture
C．didn't
like
doing
chemistry
experiments
D．knew
chemistry
was
not
relevant
to
them
答案：A
3．By
writing
“The
only
possessions
I
could
see
were...”，
the
author
wants
to
tell
us
________.
A．Tombe's
family
were
kind?hearted
B．Tombe's
family
were
guest?lovers
C．Tombe's
family
only
used
simple
things
D．Tombe's
family
was
too
poor
答案：D
4．Which
of
the
following
descriptions
is
NOT
true
about
Tombe's
house?
A．It
was
a
low
bamboo
hut
with
grass
sticking
out
of
the
roof.
B．It
was
dark
and
there
was
a
fireplace
in
the
centre
of
it.
C．It
was
round?shaped,
with
small
windows
and
a
narrow
doorway.
D．There
were
only
a
few
possessions
in
it.
答案：C
5．How
did
Jo
feel
after
the
visit
to
Tombe's
family?
A．Happy.
B．Sad.
C．Worried.
D．Upset.
答案：A
Ⅲ.课文难句分析
1．Sometimes
I
wonder
how
relevant
chemistry
is
to
these
students,
most
of
whom
will
be
going
back
to
their
villages
after
Year
8
anyway.
[句式分析] 此句为复合句，how引导宾语从句；most
of
whom引导定语从句。
[自主翻译] 有时候，我真想知道化学对这些学生有多大用处，毕竟他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。
2．Tombe's
father,
Mukap,
led
us
to
his
house,
a
low
bamboo
hut
with
grass
sticking
out
of
the
roof
—
this
shows
it
is
a
man's
house.
[句式分析] Mukap作Tombe's
father的同位语，a
low
bamboo
hut作his
house的同位语；with
grass
sticking
out
of
the
roof是with的复合结构作定语，修饰hut；it
is
a
man's
house为省略that的宾语从句。
[自主翻译] 汤贝的父亲莫卡普把我们带到他的家里。这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草——它表示这间竹屋是男人住的。
1
(教材P29)Sometimes
I
wonder
how
relevant
chemistry
is
to
these
students,
most
of
whom
will
be
going
back
to
their
villages
after
Year
8
anyway.
有时候，我真想知道化学对这些孩子究竟有多大的用处。反正他们中大多数上完八年级以后就会回到他们的村庄去。
be
relevant
to＝have
sth.to
do
with 与……有关
relevance
n.
关联
have
(no)
relevance
to
与……有(无)关
relevantly
adv.
有关地；切题地
irrelevant
adj.
无关的；不切题的
[即学即用]
(1)These
issues
are
directly
relevant
to
the
needs
of
slow
learners.
这些问题与学得慢的人的需要有直接关系。
(2)What
you
have
said
has
no
relevance
to
the
subject.
你所说的与主题无关。
(3)I
don't
think
what
he
said
is_relevant_to
the
topic
we
are
discussing.
He
has
missed
the
point.
我认为他的发言和我们正在讨论的话题无关，他没有抓住要领。
(4)The
new
machine's
relevantly
detailed
functions
have
to
be
further
studied.
有关这台新机器的详细功能还需要进一步研究。
2
(教材P30)The
hut
was
dark
inside
so
it
took
time
for
our
eyes
to
adjust.
小屋内很黑，因此我们的眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。
(1)adjust
sth.to
sth. 调整以适应
adjust
to
sth./doing
sth.
适应于(做)某事
adjust
oneself
to
使自己适应于
(2)adjustment
n.
调整，调节，适应
make
an
adjustment
做出调整
(3)adjustable
adj.
可调整的
[即学即用]
(1)It
took
a
while
for
her
eyes
to
adjust
to
the
darkness.
她用一小会儿的时间来让眼睛适应黑暗。
(2)This
kind
of
desk
can
be
adjusted
to
the
height
you
need.
这种课桌可以调整到你需要的高度。
(3)She's
in
new
surroundings,
and
she
has
to
make
an
adjustment.
她现在在新环境里，需要做出调整。
(4)When
a
child
is
studying
abroad,
he
must
learn
to
adjust_to_living
on
his
own.
当一个孩子在国外留学时，他必须要学会适应靠自己生活。
(5)单句填空
The
desks
and
chairs
are
adjustable
(adjust),
and
you
can
adjust
(adjust)
them
to
the
height
of
the
students.
The
adjustment
(adjust)
is
not
difficult
to_make
(make)．
3
(教材P30)
I
loved
listening
to
the
family
softly
talking
to
each
other
in
their
language,
even
though
I
could
not
participate
in
the
conversation.
我喜欢听他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言交谈，尽管我不能参与谈话。
(1)participate
in 参加
participate
in
(doing)
sth.with
sb.
与某人一起参加/参与做某事
participate
with
sb.in
sth.
与某人分担某事
(2)participation
n.
参加；参与
participant
n.
参加者；参与者
[即学即用]
(1)Last
spring,
I
was
fortunate
to
be
chosen
to
participate
in
an
exchange
study
programme.
去年春天，我有幸被选中参加一个交流学习的项目。
(2)The
Internet
provides
people
with
an
interactive
platform
to
communicate
and
participate
with
each
other.
互联网给人们提供了一个相互交流、相互参与的互动平台。
(3)Encouraged
by
the
teacher,
the
participants
actively
participated_in
the
English
speech
contest.
在老师的鼓励下，参与者积极参加英语演讲比赛。
(4)一句多译
①It
is
difficult
for
you
to
defend
your
championship
because
there_are_so_many_students_participating_in
the
competition.
(there
be结构)
②With_so_many_students_participating_in
the
competition,
it
is
difficult
for
you
to
defend
your
championship.
(with的复合结构)
有这么多的学生参加比赛，你要保住冠军是很难的。
4
otherwise
conj.
否则，不然；adv.
用别的方法；其他方面；adj.
别的，另外的；不同的
(教材P30)Otherwise
they
don't
waste
anything.
否则的话他们是不会浪费任何东西的。
同义短语：or
else否则；in
other
ways在其他方面
or
otherwise 或相反
but
otherwise
但在别的方面却
and
otherwise
等等；及其他
[温馨提示]
otherwise表示相反的假设时，其分句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
[即学即用]
(1)We'll
go
early,
otherwise
we
may
not
get
a
seat.(作连词)
我们得早点儿去，要不然就没有座位了。
(2)We
were
delayed
at
the
airport,
otherwise
we
would
have
been
here
by
lunchtime.
(虚拟)
我们在机场延误了时间，否则的话，我们就可以在吃午餐前赶到这儿。
(3)We
lost
our
way
in
that
small
village,
otherwise
we
would_have_visited
more
places
of
interest
yesterday.
昨天我们在那个小村庄迷路了，否则的话，我们会多参观几个名胜古迹的。
(4)I
was
ill
that
day,
otherwise/or/or_else
I
would
have
participated
in
the
sports
meet.
那天我病了，否则我会去参加运动会的。
5
(教材P30)It
was
such
a
privilege
to
have
spent
a
day
with
Tombe's
family.
跟汤贝一家度过一天，真是一种殊荣。
(1)It's
a
privilege
to
do
sth.
能做……真是光荣。
have
the
privilege
to
do/of
有(做)……的特权/荣幸
(2)privilege
vt.
给予特权，特别优待
(3)privileged
adj.
有特权的；受特别优待的
be
privileged
to
do
sth
有幸做……
[即学即用]
(1)Only
the
students
in
this
school
enjoy
the
privilege
of
the
free
meals.
只有本校的学生才能享受免费用餐的特权。
(2)I
hope
to
have
the
privilege
of
working
with
them
again.
但愿有幸与他们再度合作。
(3)It's_a_great_privilege
(是莫大的荣幸)
to
meet
you
here.
(4)The
disabled
have_the_privilege
(有特权)
to
go
to
hospital
freely
in
that
area.
6
(教材P31)Sleeping
arrangements睡觉安排
(1)come
to
an
arrangement 谈妥；达成协议
make
arrangements
for
为……做好准备；为……做好安排
(2)arrange
v.
安排；排列；协商
arrange
(for
sb./sth.)
to
do
sth.
安排(某人/某物)做某事
arrange
with
sb.to
do
sth.
和某人商定做某事
It
is/was
arranged＋that从句．..
据约定/安排……
[温馨提示]
arrange
sth.安排某事，而arrange
for
sth.指为某事做准备。
[即学即用]
(1)We
arranged
for
a
car
to
meet
them
at
the
airport.
我们安排了一辆车去机场接他们。
(2)It
is
arranged
that
the
meeting
will
be
cancelled.
据安排这次会议将会被取消。
(3)We
have
finished
all_the_arrangements
for
the
party.
我们已经完成晚会的所有安排工作。
(4)单句填空
They
had
an
arrangement
(arrange)
that
the
children
would
spend
their
holiday
abroad.
1
(教材P29)I
know
you're
dying
to
hear
all
about
my
life
here,
so
I've
included
some
photos
which
will
help
you
picture
the
places
I
talk
about.
我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
(1)be
dying/eager/anxious/thirsty
to
do
sth.
渴望做某事
be
dying/eager/anxious/thirsty
for
sth.
渴望得到某物
(2)long
for/to
do
sth.
渴望得到某物/做某事
desire
for/to
do
sth.
渴望得到某物/做某事
[即学即用]
①Firstly,
as
a
student
who
is
dying
to
learn
knowledge,
it
is
necessary
to
build
an
effective
method
in
your
study.
首先，作为一名渴望学习知识的学生，你在学习中有必要形成一种有效的学习方法。
②The
staff
are
dying
for
a
chance
to
go
to
the
shore
annually.
全体员工都渴望每年有机会去海边。
③Hearing
the
news,
she
was
dying
to_congratulate
(congratulate)
her
husband
on
passing
the
driving
test.
听到这一消息，她极想庆祝她丈夫通过了驾驶考试。
2
(教材P29)The
other
day
I
was
showing
the
boys
the
weekly
chemistry
experiment
when,
before
I
knew
it,
the
mixture
was
bubbling
over
everywhere!
不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！
one
day 有一天(多用于一般过去或将来时)
some
day
某一天；有朝一日(多用于将来时)
another
day
改天(表示近期将来的某一天)
the
other
days
其他几天(某范围内的几天)
[即学即用]
①The
other
day,
when
jogging
along
the
shore,
I
witnessed
a
giant
awesome
shark
with
sharp
teeth.
不久前的一天，当我沿着海岸慢跑时，我目睹了一条长着锋利牙齿的可怕的大鲨鱼。
②One
day
I
went
(go)
to
see
my
first
teacher,
but
he
happened
to
be
out.
有一天，我去看我的启蒙老师，可碰巧他出去了。
③Some
day
you'll
be
bound
to_pay
(pay)
for
what
you
have
done.
总有一天你要为你的行为而付出代价的。
3
(教材P30)Tombe
told
me
that
the
can
was
heated
to
dry
out
the
leftover
food.
汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。
dry
out 完全变干；干透
dry
up
干涸(指河流、湖泊等无水了)
[即学即用]
①Don't
leave
the
bread
on
the
table;
it
will
dry
out.
不要把面包放在桌子上，它会干掉的。
②As
the
river
dried
up,_a
lot
of
fish
in
the
depths
died,
and
the
land
around
dried
out.
由于河流干涸，河水深处的许多鱼都死了，而且周围的土地也干透了。
1
But
last
weekend
another
teacher，
Jenny，
and
I
did
visit
a
village
which
is
the
home
of
one
of
the
boys，
Tombe.
不过，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是其中一个男孩汤贝的家。
(1)did
visit...属于“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成的强调句型。
①He
does
know
the
place
well.
他的确很熟悉这个地方。
(2)这种强调句只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，不用于否定句和疑问句。
②He
did_come
here
yesterday.
他昨天的确来过这里。
③Do
write
to
me
when
you
get
there.
你到那儿后务必给我来信。
2
We
walked
for
two
and
a
half
hours
to
get
there—first
up
a
mountain
to
a
ridge
from
where
we
had
fantastic
views
and
then
down
a
steep
path
to
the
valley
below.
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。
句中from
where引导定语从句，相当于and
from
here/there。
①She
climbed
up
to
the
top
of
the
hill,
from
where
she
could
have
a
good
view
of
the
whole
town.
她登上山顶，从山顶上她可以一览全镇的风光。
[名师点津] from
which中的which指的是一个地点名词；from
where中的where指的是一个地点状语。
②China
is
the
birthplace
of
kites，from
which
kite
flying
spread
to
Japan,
Korea,
Thailand
and
India.
中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
③Alice
stood
at
the
window,
from
where
she
could
watch
her
classmates
playing
football.
艾丽丝站在窗户旁边，从那里她可以观看同学们踢足球。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I
don't
think
his
words
are
relevant
(相关的)
to
our
discussion.
2．It
took
Mary
only
a
fortnight
(两星期)
to
adjust
to
the
life
in
this
new
school.
3．Thanks
to
the
waitress'
excellent
arrangement(s)
(安排),
I'm
feeling
so
good
sitting
at
this
table.
4．Besides,
we
need
friends
to
share
our
joys
and
sorrows,
otherwise
(否则)
we
will
feel
lonely.
5．It's
my
privilege
(优先权)
to
have
such
an
opportunity
to
live
with
your
family.
6．My
English
teacher
asked
us
to
choose
a
topic,
make
a
weekly
(每周的)
plan
and
tell
the
class
about
it.
7．Our
class
are
going
to
visit
poor
children
in
a
remote
(遥远的)
mountainous
area
this
weekend.
8．Computers
have
reduced
the
amount
of
paperwork
(文书工作)
in
offices
considerably.
9．Mr
Smith
tried
to
adjust
(调整)
his
schedule
to
leave
some
time
for
his
son's
graduation
ceremony.
10．The
farmer
representatives
should
have
the
right
to
participate
(参与)
in
discussion
about
their
future.
Ⅱ.选词填空
dry
up，
get
through，
dry
out，
participate
in，
make
a
difference，
hear
from，
come
across，
be
dying
to，
the
other
day，
adjust
to
1．Don't
leave
the
vegetable
on
the
table
for
a
long
time,
or
it
will
dry_out.
2．Faced
with
challenges,
you
should
believe
your
courage
is
what
makes_a_difference.
3．The
river
dried_up
in
the
late
summer,
so
we
could
go
across
it
easily.
4．The_other_day,_I
was
invited
to
my
friend
Sam's
home
for
dinner.
5．The
man
was
so
fat
that
he
couldn't
get_through
the
door.
6．I
came_across
this
old
photograph
when
looking
for
a
book
yesterday.
7．I
heard_from
your
mom
that
you
are
planning
to
drop
out
of
school,
and
I
have
been
constantly
worried
about
you.
8．Participating_in
this
club
helps
us
to
learn
more
about
drama,
and
develop
our
self?confidence
and
cultural
qualities
as
well.
9．Mike
is_dying_to
apply
for
a
new
job,
but
he
is
unconfident
of
himself.
10．It's
natural
to
have
difficulty
adjusting_to
a
new
culture.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1．Students
in
our
school
are
encouraged
to
participate_in/take_part_in_more_activities
(参加更多的活动)
after
class
in
order
to
broaden
their
knowledge.
2．Mr
Black
is
trying
to
offer
all
the
details
which_are_relevant_to_the_topic
(与这个话题相关的)．
3．We
haven't
met
each
other
for
almost
thirty
years.
Much
to
my
surprise,
I
heard_from_him_the_other_day
(前几天收到了他的来信)．
4．Every
time
I
put
my
hands
on
a
new
book,
I
am_dying_to_read_it
(急切地想读一读它)．
5．Having
moved
to
America,
she
adapted_to_the_change
(适应变化)
soon.
6．Even
the
simplest
daily
activities
can
make_a_difference_to_the_environment
(对环境造成影响)．
7．A
smile
can
help_us_get_through_difficult_situations
(帮助我们渡过难关)．
8．It_wasn't_long_before
(没过多久)
he
became
aware
that
he
had
gone
the
wrong
way.
9．While_(I_was)_removing_the_weeds
(清理杂草时)
in
the
garden
the
other
day,
I
came
across
the
rare
plant.
10．We
have
already
made_arrangements_for
(为……做好了安排)
our
vacation.
We
are
dying
to
set
out.
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．我现在很少锻炼，但我上初中时的确经常踢球。(do的强调用法)
I_don't_take_much_exercise_now,_but_I_did_play_football_a_lot_when_I_was_in_junior_school.
2．在你的上一封邮件中，你怀疑是否有可能修补你们的友谊。(doubt
whether)
In_your_last_mail_you_doubted_whether_it_was_possible_to_mend_your_friendship.
3．他正在写作业这时他听到有人敲门。(be
doing...when...)
He_was_doing_his_homework_when_he_heard_a_knock_on_the_door.
4．能见证并参与英语俱乐部的成长是我的荣幸。(it
is...to
do
sth.)
It's_a_privilege_for_me_to_witness_and_participate_in_the_growth_of_the_English_club.
5．在婚礼之前，人们通常在窗口和门上贴上“喜”字，它增添喜庆气氛。(定语从句)
People_usually_put_‘Xi’_on_their_windows_and_doors_before_wedding,_which_adds_to_the_happy_atmosphere.
6．他的梦想实现了，但他的家庭继续还在各个方面支持他。(with复合结构)
With_his_dream_coming_true,_his_family_continues_to_support_him_in_every_way.
7．他们爬上了塔顶，从那里他们能看到远处正在发生的事情。(“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句)
They_climbed_to_the_top_of_the_tower,_from_where_they_could_see_what_was_happening_in_the_distance.
8．与别人用英语交谈时，我常常感到紧张。(从属连词＋现在分词作状语)
When
talking
with
others
in
English,
I
often
feel
nervous.
PAGEUnit
4 Sharing
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．donate
vt.
捐赠
donation
n.
捐赠
2．voluntary
adj.
自愿的；志愿的；无偿的
volunteer
n.
志愿者
3．purchase
vt.
&
n.
买；购买
4．anniversary
n.
周年纪念(日)
5．political
adj.
政治的；政党的
politics
n.
政治
6．distribute
vt.
分配；分发
distribution
n.
分配；分发；分布状态
7．security
n.
安全；保护；保障
secure
vt.
使安全；保卫；adj.
安全的
8．operate
vi.
工作；运转；vt.
操作
operation
n.
运转；手术
operator
n.
(电脑)操作员；接线员
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．smooth_down 把……弄平；消除；(使)变得平静
2．fall_in_love_with
爱上……
3．take_turns
轮流；依次
4．in_need
在困难中；在危急中
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．what
if...？如果……将会怎样？
She
was
dying
to
see
him
again
but
what_if_he_didn't_want_to_see_her?
她渴望再见到他，但如果他不想见她怎么办？
2．not...but...不是……而是……
The
gift
you
give
is
not_something_your_loved_one_keeps_but
a
voluntary
contribution
towards
the
lives
of
people
who
really
need
it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些的确有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
课文预读
世界上最有用的礼物清单
你是否想要捐赠一份特殊的礼物？那么下面这份礼物清单供你参考吧。你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实需要的人的生活上的一项自愿性捐助。
从这份清单中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上一些最穷苦的人吧。给需要帮助的社区带去改善未来的希望吧。
当你选购一份礼物时，我们将会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特殊的人。这种卡片可以用在任何一种特殊的场合——结婚、出生、生日、圣诞节、周年纪念等。
致________
为了让你知道我在想着你，特从“世界上最有用的礼物清单”中购得一份礼物，请你转送给世界上一些最穷苦的人。
这份礼物送给印度、肯尼亚或孟加拉国一整个约40户的村庄，对他们进行新的农业生产方法的培训，并提供种子和简单的农业机械。仅仅提高20%的产量就意味着会对人的患病与健康、家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。
来自________
课文理解
Ⅰ.课文判断正(T)误(F)
1．The
gift
you
give
should
be
your
favorite.( F )
2．You
can
use
the
cards
we
send
you
for
birthdays.( T )
3．A
goat
for
a
poor
family
will
cost
￥40.( F )
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Where
is
the
passage
from?
A．A
newspaper.
B．A
magazine.
C．A
textbook.
D．A
website.
答案：D
2．The
gifts
you
give
are
________.
A．something
your
loved
one
keeps
B．some
beautiful
cards
C．something
really
needed
by
the
poor
people
D．some
lovely
toys
and
fashionable
clothes
答案：C
3．One
characteristic
of
the
catalogue
is
that
the
goods
are
listed
________.
A．in
the
order
of
their
prices
B．according
to
the
lengths
of
their
names
C．based
on
their
importance
D．out
of
order
答案：A
4．The
cost
of
a
sewing
machine
and
a
trunk
library
added
up
to
________.
A．$150
B．$300
C．$200
D．$400
答案：B
5．You
can
buy
all
kinds
of
gifts
here
EXCEPT
________.
A．basic
adult
education
B．assistance
for
families
headed
by
parents
C．a
well
and
water
pump
D．school
books
答案：B
1
(教材P34)Would
you
like
to
donate
an
unusual
gift?
你是否想要捐赠一份特殊的礼物？
donate
sth.to
sb. 把某物捐赠给某人
make/give/present
a
donation
to
sb.
捐赠给某人
[温馨提示]
donate虽然是及物动词，但常与介词to搭配，注意介词to不能省略。类似用法的词语还有：introduce
sb.to
sb.;
explain
sth.to
sb.等。
[即学即用]
(1)She
donated
a
large
sum
of
money
to
the
charity.
她捐了一大笔钱给那个慈善机构。
(2)The
car
was
donated
to
us
by
a
local
firm.
这辆汽车是当地一家公司捐赠给我们的。
(3)The
old
man
made
a
donation
of/donated
a
lot
of
money
to
the
local
school.
这位老人给当地学校捐了很多钱。
(4)She
died
and
donated
her
money
to
a
blind
boy.
她去世了，并把自己的钱捐给了一个盲童。
(5)I
made_a_donation_to
the
organization
immediately
after
the
dinner.
宴会一结束，我便为该组织捐款。
2
(教材P34)When
you
purchase
an
item,
we
will
send
you
an
attractive
card
for
you
to
send
to
your
special
person.
当你购买物品时，我们会送你一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特殊的人。
(1)purchase
sth.for... 以……的价格购得某物
purchase
sth.from...
从……处购得某物
(2)make
a
purchase
采购
[温馨提示]
purchase用作名词，作“购买”讲时，为不可数名词，作“购买物，购买量”讲时，为可数名词。
[即学即用]
(1)The
WWF
asked
people
not
to
purchase
Chinese
medicine
like
“tiger
bones”．
世界自然基金会要求人们不要购买像“虎骨”那样的中药。
(2)I'll
bring
the
price
down
to
$30
a
piece,
if
you
make
a
big
purchase.
如果您大量购买，我就把价格降到每件30美元。
(3)I
purchased
the
old
bike
for
100
yuan
from
one
of
my
friends.
我从一个朋友那里以100元的价格买了这辆旧自行车。
(4)The
loan
was
supposed
to
be
used
for
the_purchase_of_a_house.
贷款应当用来购买房子。
3
(教材P35)This
gift
covers
the
cost
of
production
and
distribution
of
seedlings,
as
well
as
training
in
tree
care
for
the
local
villagers
who
are
working
hard
to
prevent
their
land
from
turning
into
desert.
这个礼物包括了树苗的培植和分配费用以及对当地村民进行树林保护的培训费用，村民们正在努力防止他们的土地变成沙漠。
distribute
sth.to 把某物分配/分发给……
distribute
sth.among
在……中分发某物
[即学即用]
(1)The
teacher
in
the
kindergarten
is
distributing
the
gifts
to
the
children.
幼儿园的老师正在给小朋友们派发礼物。
(2)The
prizes
were
distributed
among
five
winners.
奖品分发给五位优胜者。
(3)The
distribution
of
the
rescuing
goods
is
under
discussion.
救援物资的发放依然在讨论中。
(4)The
teacher
has
divided
the
watermelon
into
10
parts
and
has_distributed_them_to
10
boys.
老师把西瓜切成10份，并把它们分给了10个男孩子。
(5)The
money
was_distributed_among
schools
in
this
area.
这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。
(教材P35)This
gift
covers
the
cost
of
exercise
books
and
textbooks
for
community
primary
schools
that
operate
in
poor
or
remote
villages.
这份礼物包括为贫穷或偏远的山区开办的社区小学提供的练习册和教科书的费用。
(1)operate
on... 给……动手术
(2)operation
n.
手术；运作；操作
be
in
operation
工作中；使用中；有效
come
into
operation
开始工作/生效
perform
an
operation
on
给……动手术
(3)operator
n.
操作员；经营者；电话接线员
[语境助记]
[即学即用]
(1)The
doctor
had
to
operate
on
his
daughter
that
day.
那天医生不得不给他女儿做手术。
(2)The
machine
is
operating
continuously.
机器不停地运转。
(3)The
old
man
operates
several
companies.
这位老人经营了几家公司。
(4)The
sleeping
pill
operated
at
once.
安眠药立刻奏效了。
(5)Doctors
had_to_operate
to
remove
the
bullet.
医生得开刀取出那颗子弹。
(6)The
new
production
plant
came_into_operation
last
month.
新的制造厂上个月投入运转。
1
(教材P34)Choose
from
this
catalogue
a
really
useful
gift
for
some
of
the
world's
poorest
and
bring
hope
for
a
better
future
to
a
community
in
need.
从这份清单中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上最穷苦的人吧，给急需帮助的社区带去一份改善未来的希望吧。
(1)in
need
of 需要……
meet/satisfy
one's
needs
满足某人的需要
there
is
no
need
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
(某人)没有必要做某事
(2)sth.need
doing/to
be
done
某事需要被做
[即学即用]
①As
a
saying
goes,
“A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.”
俗话说：“患难见真情。”
②I
am
now
in_need_of
your
help
because
I
am
living
under
so
much
pressure.
我现在需要你的帮助，因为我现在生活得非常有压力。
③It's
true
that
Chinese
is
not
easy
to
learn,
but
there
is
no
need
to_feel
(feel)
much
too
worried.
汉语不容易学这一点是肯定的，但是也没必要太过担心。
④The
garden
doesn't
need
watering/to_be_watered
(water);
it
rained
last
night.
花园无需浇水，昨晚下雨了。
2
(教材P34)To
let
you
know
that
I
am
thinking
of
you,
I
have
purchased
a
gift
from
the
World's
Most
Useful
Gift
Catalogue
for
you
to
give
to
some
of
the
world's
poorest.
为了让你知道我在想着你们，特从“世界上最有用的礼物清单”中购得一份礼物，请你转送给世界上最穷苦的人。
think
over 仔细考虑
think
about
思索；考虑；回顾；想到
think
highly/much/well
of...
高度评价；重视；器重
think
little/nothing
of
轻视；看不起
think
twice
再三考虑；三思
think
to
oneself
心中想，盘算，自思自忖
[即学即用]
①They're
thinking
about/of
buying
a
new
car.
他们正在考虑买一辆新车。
②Before
you
answer
this
question,
please
think
it
over.
在回答这个问题之前，请认真考虑一下。
③I'll
think
about
your
suggestion,
and
give
you
an
answer
tomorrow.
我要考虑一下你的建议，明天给你答复。
④He
is
a
political
leader
who
has
been
thought
highly
(high)
of
by
people
all
over
the
world.
他是一位受到全世界人民高度评价的政治领袖。
1
She
was
dying
to
see
him
again
but
what
if
he
didn't
want
to
see
her？
她渴望再见他一面，但是如果他不想见她怎么办？
(1)what
if意为“倘若……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系”
①What
if
he
gets
angry?
I'm
a
little
worried.
倘若他生气该怎么办？我有点儿担心。
②We've
already
ordered
a
table.
What_if
they
do
not
come?
我们已经定好了位子。要是他们不来该怎么办呢？
(2)其他类似结构：
what
for... 为……目的
what
about.../how
about...
……怎么样(表建议)
How
come?
怎么回事？
So
what?
那又怎么样？
③What
about
going
to
the
cinema
tonight?
A
new
film
is
on
show.
今天晚上去看电影怎么样？有一部新电影正在上演。
④—Someone
will
see
you
doing
it.
—So
what?
——会有人看见你做这事的。
——那又怎么样？
2
The
gift
you
give
is
not
something
your
loved
one
keeps
but
a
voluntary
contribution
towards
the
lives
of
people
who
really
need
it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实需要的人的生活上的一项自愿性捐助。
(1)not...but...意为“不是……，而是……”，在句中连接两个平行成分。
①I
realize
the
secret
to
success
is
not
when
or
where
you
were
born,
but
what
you
are
doing
and
how
you
do
it
in
your
life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不是由你什么时间、在哪里出生决定的，而是由你在生活中所做的事情以及你做这些事情的方式所决定。
②Our
manager
goes
to
work
not_by_car_but_on_foot.
我们的经理不是坐车而是步行去上班。
(2)当not...but...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近一致”原则。
③Not
how
much
we
do
but
how
much
love
we
put
into
what
we
do
that
benefits
(benefit)
our
work
most.
能给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。
④Not
Jack
but
his
parents
are
(be)
to
blame
for
the
home
accident.
不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She
has
been
a
voluntary
(自愿的)
worker
at
the
hospital
for
five
years.
2．A
postman's
duty
is
to
distribute
(分发)
newspapers
to
subscribers
in
time
every
day.
3．He
purchased
(购买)
a
new
car
yesterday,
which
made
his
family
happy.
4．With
the
increasingly
rapid
economic
(经济)
growth,
more
problems
are
brought
to
our
attention.
5．The
government
calls
on
the
youth
to
donate
(捐赠)
their
blood
voluntarily.
6．The
old
couple
held
a
party
to
celebrate
their
fiftieth
wedding
anniversary
(周年纪念)
last
week.
7．Just
by
a
click
(点击)
of
the
mouse,
you
can
buy
what
you're
interested
in
without
going
outdoors.
8．Having
been
taught
many
times,
she
still
didn't
know
how
to
operate
(操作)
the
machine.
9．What
I
need
now
is
the
security
(安全)
of
a
happy
home.
10．Mother
sews
(缝制)
everything
from
curtains
to
clothes.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in
need,
operate
on,
distribute...
to...,
donate...
to...,
for
sure,
up
to,
set
up,
come
across,
stick
out,
care
for
1．It
was
said
that
the
amount
of
online
sales
of
Tmall
and
taobao
e?business
was
up_to
160
billion
yuan
on
November
11.
2．One
thing
was
for_sure:_there
was
nothing
wrong
with
your
eyes
and
eyesight.
3．When
you
come_across
a
new
word
while
reading,
don't
turn
to
the
dictionary
at
once.
4．We
are
willing
to
donate
some
money
to
a
worthy
cause.
5．I'm
afraid
the
patient
has
to
be_operated_on
for
his
heart
trouble.
6．She
is
ready
to
help
others,
especially
those
in_need.
7．The
organization
distributed
food
and
bottles
of
water
to
the
earthquake
victims.
8．Through
the
meaningful
activity,
we
can
learn
to
care_for
the
elderly.
9．He
saw
the
corner
of
a
magazine
sticking_out
from
under
the
blanket.
10．The
explorers
set_up
a
base
at
the
foot
of
the
mountain.
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．生活不是发现自我，而是创造自我。(not...but...)
Life_is_not_about_finding_yourself_but_about_creating_yourself.
2．即使这次我失败了又会怎么样？下次我能做得更好。(what
if...)
What_if_I_fail_this_time?_I_can_do_it_better_next_time.
3．这是一台很容易操作的新机器。(be＋adj.＋to
do)
This_is_a_new_machine_which_is_very_easy_to_operate.
4．这扇门对两个人来说肩并肩地通过有点狭窄。(for
sb.to
do
sth.)
The_doorway_is_a_bit_narrow_for_two_people_to_get_through_side_by_side.
5．我宁愿挨饿也不愿意吃那个卑鄙的人送给我的东西。(would
rather...than...)
I'd_rather_go_hungry_than_eat_what_that_mean_person_offered_me.
PAGEUnit
4 Sharing
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——复习限制性定语从句
[思维导图]
[语法精讲]
一、概述
一般来说，英语中用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般置于被修饰词之后，且有引导词引导。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句根据它与被修饰词之间的关系分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
In
my
opinion,
not
only
can
volunteer
work
help
me
enrich
my
knowledge
and
experience,
but
also
it
can
help
those
who
are
in
need.(限制性定语从句)
我认为，志愿者工作不仅能帮助我丰富我的知识和阅历，而且还能帮助那些有需要的人。
In
addition,
I
highly
recommend
that
you
visit
www.study.Chinese.com,
which
offers
you
a
lot
about
Chinese
culture,
songs
and
movies
and
so
on.(非限制性定语从句)
此外，我极力推荐你访问www.study.Chinese.com网站，它能为你提供大量的中国文化、歌曲、电影等等。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1．分类、功能及句法作用
关系代词
先行词
功能及句法作用
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
whose
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语，宾语和表语
The
other
day,
I
helped
an
old
man
who/that
lost
his
way.
前几天，我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
A
prosperity
which/that
has
never
been
seen
before
appears
in
the
countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
He
lives
in
a
room
whose
window
faces
south.
他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。
Lucy
is
a
beautiful
and
smart
girl
(who/whom)
everyone
envies.
露西是个人人都羡慕的漂亮、聪明的女孩。
He
is
such
a
kind
person
as
we
all
like.
他是个我们都喜欢的善良的人。
[名师点津] 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
2．注意事项
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。
The
number
of
the
people
who/that
come
to
visit
the
city
each
year
rises
by
15%.
来这座城市游览的人数每年增加15%。
Anyone
who
breaks
the
law
will
be
punished.
任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。
[名师点津] 当先行词为“one
of＋复数名词”时，从句的谓语用复数；当先行词为“the
only
one
of＋复数名词”时，从句的谓语用单数。
She
is
one
of
the
students
who
study
hard.
她是这些学习刻苦的学生中的一个。
She
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
studies
hard.
她是这些学生中唯一一个学习刻苦的。
(2)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，指人的关系代词who可以代替whom。关系代词指物时则可以用which或that。如果关系代词前有介词，则只能用whom或which。
I
should
make
an
apology
to
the
man
at
whom
I
yelled
this
morning.
我应该向那个今天早晨我向他大嚷大叫的人致歉。
It
is
the
TV
series
about
which
we
talked
the
other
day.
这就是我们前几天谈论的电视剧。
(3)关系代词whose既可以指人也可以指物，它只能在定语从句用作定语。
It
is
a
remote
border
town
whose
name
I
have
forgotten.
那是一个我忘了名字的偏远的边境小镇。
(4)“介词＋关系代词”类的定语从句，先行词指人时用whom；指物时用which。介词的确定主要取决于三个原则“一是与先行词的搭配；二是与从句中动词的搭配；三是上下文表达的需要”。
The
man
who
you
talked
with
just
now
is
our
manager.＝The
man
with
whom
you
talked
just
now
is
our
manager.
你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。
The
naughty
boy
made
a
hole
in
the
wall
through
which
he
could
see
what
was
happening
outside.
这个淘气的男孩在墙上挖了一个通过它他能看到外面发生的事情的洞。
[名师点津] 如果从句的谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语或固定搭配，则该介词不宜放在关系代词的前面。
Those
are
the
requirements
(which/that)
we
can't
put
up
with.
那些是我们不能忍受的条件。
(5)关系代词宜用that而不用which的情况
①当先行词是：all,
any,
anything,
everything,
nothing或被它们修饰时。
All
that
glitters
is
not
gold.
闪光的东西并非都是金子。
In
China，parents
always
do
everything
that
they
can
to
support
their
children.
在中国，父母总是尽他们所能来抚养孩子。
②当先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级，以及被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
That
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
books
that
are
sold
in
the
bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The
first
thing
that
we
should
do
is
to
get
some
food.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
③当先行词含the
only;
the
very;
the
same;
the
last等时。
This
is
the
only
dress
(that)
she
has.
这是她仅有的一条裙子。
④当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。
The
writer
and
his
novel
that
you
have
just
talked
about
are
really
well
known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
⑤以who,
which开头的特殊疑问句中有定语从句时。
Who
is
the
girl
that
is
wearing
a
red
coat?
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？
⑥关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
My
hometown
is
no
longer
the
place
that
it
used
to
be.
我的家乡不再是它以前的那个样子了。
[名师点津] 口诀巧记“关系代词宜用that而不用which的情况”：
先行若是不定代，选用that不用猜；
序词形副最高级；特词“仅有”和“同一”；
有物有人作表语；that免重有道理。
(6)as引导的限制性定语从句。
as常与such,
the
same,
so等组成关联词组来引导限制性定语从句。
I
have
never
heard
such
a
story
as
he
told.
我从没听过他讲的那样的故事。
[名师点津] such/the
same/so等与as或that组成关联词组引导从句时，如果as或that在从句中充当主语或宾语，那么as或that引导的从句就是定语从句，否则，它们引导的就是状语从句。
He
is
such
a
good
boy
that
everyone
likes
him.
他是那么好的一个男孩以至于人人都喜欢他。(状语从句)
He
is
such
a
good
boy
as
everyone
likes.(定语从句)
他是那么好的人人都喜欢的一个男孩。
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1．分类、功能及句法作用
关系副词引导的限制性定语从句中，关系副词相当于“介词＋关系代词”。
关系副词
先行词
功能及句法作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词
地点状语
why
原因名词
原因状语
This
was
the
time
when/at
which
she
left
for
Beijing.
这就是她动身去北京的时间。
The
treatment
will
continue
until
the
patient
reaches
the
point
where/at
which
he
can
walk
correctly
and
safely.
治疗将会持续到病人能独立安全地行走为止。
I
don't
know
the
reason
why/for
which
he
didn't
come
to
the
meeting
yesterday
morning.
我不知道他为什么没有参加昨天上午的会议。
[名师点津] 注意：关系副词when和where转换成“介词＋关系代词”时可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意等来决定适当的介词。why只能用for
which来替换。
2．注意事项
(1)当position,
situation,
stage,
point,
case等表示地点且作先行词时，定语从句用where；当occasion;
point;
stage等表示时间且作先行词时，其定语从句的关系词用when。
We
had
reached
the
point
when
there
was
no
money.
我们那时已到了没有一分钱的时刻。
The
patient
has
reached
a
point
where
medicine
can't
help.
病人已到了药物无法治疗的地步。
(2)the
way作先行词且后接定语从句时，若它在从句中作状语，则引导词用in
which或that，此时，引导词可以省略。若它在从句中作主语或宾语时，则引导词用that或which，作宾语时，引导词也可以省略。
The
way
(that/in
which)
he
treats
his
children
is
very
good.
他对待孩子的方式非常好。
Ⅰ.用适当关系词填空
1．I've
missed
you
a
lot,
thinking
about
those
happy
moments
when
we
stayed
with
you.
2．A
build?it?yourself
solar
still
is
one
of
the
best
ways
to
obtain
drinking
water
in
areas
where
the
liquid
is
not
readily
available.
3．When
summer
vacation
for
us
students
comes
every
year,
we
can
do
all
that
we
can't
do
during
our
school
time.
4．The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
where
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
5．As
the
smallest
child
of
his
family,
Alex
is
always
longing
for
the
time
when
he
should
be
able
to
be
independent.
6．We'll
reach
the
sales
targets
in
a
month
which/that
we
set
at
the
beginning
of
the
year.
7．The
book
tells
stories
of
the
earthquake
through
the
eyes
of
those
whose
lives
were
affected.
8．Happiness
and
success
often
come
to
those
who
are
good
at
recognizing
their
own
strengths.
9．During
my
school
years,
I
took
an
active
part
in
many
social
activities
in
which
I
performed
well
and
gained
rich
experience.
10．He
is
such
a
lazy
person
as
nobody
wants
to
work
with.
Ⅱ.补全句子(注意使用定语从句)
1．We
are
going
to
meet
at
the
school
gate
at
7
am
and
cycle
to
the
nearby
mountain
where_we_can_go_hiking
(我们可以去远足的)
and
enjoy
a
picnic.
2．If
there_is_anything_that_I_can_help_you
(有任何我可以帮助你的事情),
please
don't
hesitate
to
tell
me.
3．The
little
problems
(that)_we_meet_in_our_daily_lives
(我们在日常生活中遇到的)
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
4．Any
student
who_is_interested
(感兴趣的)
is
welcome
to
participate.
5．I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
whose_children_often_make_a_lot_of_noise
(他们的孩子经常吵吵闹闹)．
6．September
30
is
the
day
by_which_you_must_pay_your_bill
(你必须支付账单的最后期限)．
7．As
is
known
to
us
all,
not
all
the
people
are
willing
to
vote
for
the
people
who_are_eager_to_be_the_winners_
(渴望成为获胜者的)
in
competitions.
8．Besides,
we
are
to
build
a
small
garden
in_which/where_we_can_do_some_reading_and_take_a_rest
(我们可以读书和休息的)．
PAGEUnit
4 Sharing
Section
Ⅳ Writing——写给校刊的文章
一、基本结构
记叙文常包含三部分：
开头段：多是背景介绍，交待时间、地点、人物等(when,
where,
who)；
主体段：讲述故事的情节(what)，可由一段或几段构成；
结尾段：是对全文进行归纳、总结，得出结论或是故事的结局(result)。
二、增分佳句
(一)记叙文的开头常用句式
1．故事背景法——交代人物、事件、时间、地点、背景等
Last
Tuesday,
our
class
invited
an
old
craftsman
to
teach
us
how
to
make
dough
figurines.(2015·北京高考书面表达)
上周二，我们班邀请了一位老艺人来教我们如何做面人。
2．往事追忆法——回忆过去发生的某件事
I
still
remember
my
first
trip
to
the
Taishan
Mountain
as
if
it
were
yesterday.
我依然记得第一次去泰山旅游的事情，就像是在昨天一样。
(二)记叙文的主体常用句式
1．All
the
flights
having
been
cancelled
because
of
the
heavy
rain,
all
the
passengers
had
to
take
the
train.
由于大雨，所有的航班都被取消了，所有乘客们不得不改乘火车。
2．We
didn't
spend
so
much
time
in
Guilin
as
I
had
hoped.
我们在桂林逗留的时间没有像我希望得那样长。
3．Hardly
had
he
heard
someone
calling
for
help
when
he
jumped
into
the
river
without
hesitation.
一听见有人呼救，他毫不犹豫地跳入河中。
4．The
two
robbers
are
reported
to
have
stopped
a
taxi
and
headed
for
the
railway
station.
据报道，那两个抢劫犯拦了一辆出租车，朝着火车站去了。
5．By
the
time
the
ambulance
arrived,
there
were
a
crowd
of
onlookers
gathering.
救护车赶到时，围观的人已经很多了。
6．As
far
as
the
cause
of
the
accident
is
concerned,
I
think,
it
is
the
driver
of
the
lorry
who
should
be
to
blame.
对于这起交通事故的原因，我认为卡车司机应该负主要责任。
(三)记叙文的结尾常用句式
1．点题升华法——结尾总结全文，进一步升华主题
From
this
experience,
I
learned
that
being
careful
is
very
important
and
that
we
can't
be
too
careful,
especially
in
examinations.
从这次经历中，我了解到细心非常重要，尤其在考试时，我们怎样细心都不为过。
2．问题设问法——通过问答的形式总结全文
Will
you
join
us
in
the
next
century?
How
romantic
and
fantastic
it
will
be!
你愿意在下个世纪加入我们吗？那将是多么浪漫和奇妙啊！
[题目要求]
根据以下提示，为学校报刊写一篇文章，介绍你校学生的捐书过程。
1．南方某地区遭受特大暴雨，村庄被淹；
2．在利华中学，部分学生急需要各种书籍；
3．捐书过程；
4．接收学校的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．标题已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：辅导材料
coaching
materials
Donating
Books
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为记叙文；
2．确定人称：主要应为第一人称和第三人称；
3．确定时态：主要以使用一般过去时为主。
二、构思
第一部分，事件背景——南方大水，学校被淹。
第二部分，事件过程——捐书。
第三部分，归纳总结——受灾学校的感受。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．be_hit/struck_by 遭受……
2．in_great_need_of
急需
3．decide_to_donate_sth.
决定捐赠某物
4．buy...from.../be
bought
from...
从……买……
5．be
thankful
to...
对……表示感谢
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．中国南方地区遭受特大暴雨，结果，一些村庄被淹没。
The
south
of
China
was_hit_by_heavy_rain;_as
a
result,
some_villages_were_flooded.
2．在利华中学，有些学生急需书。
In
Lihua
Middle
School,
some
students
were_in_great_need_of
books.
3．学生会决定向他们捐书。
The
Students'
Union
decided
to_donate_books_to_them.
4．有些学生捐了旧书和辅导材料。
Some
students
donated_their_used_textbooks_and_coaching_materials.
5．有些学生捐了练习本。
Some
students
donated_exercise?books.
6．有些学生甚至捐了新书。
Some
students
even_donated_new_books.
7．这些书是刚刚从书店买的。
The
books
were_just_bought_from_the_bookstores.
8．当这些书送到学校时，老师和同学们对我们十分感谢。
When
the
books
were_sent_to
the
school,
the
teachers
and
students
were_thankful_to
us.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1.
用with的复合结构改写句1
With_heavy_rain_hitting_the_south_of_China,_some_villages_were_flooded.
2．用so连接2、3句
In_Lihua_Middle_School,_some_students_were_in_great_need_of_books,_so_the_Students'_Union_decided_to_donate_books_to_them.
3．用省略句及定语从句连接4、5、6、7句
Some_students_donated_their_used_text?books_and_coaching_materials,_some_students_exercise?books_and_some_students_even_new_books_which_were_just_bought_from_the_bookstores.
4．用独立主格作状语改写句8
The_books_sent_to_the_school,_the_teachers_and_students_were_thankful_to_us.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Donating
Books
With
heavy
rain
hitting
the
south
of
China,
some
villages
were
flooded.
In
Lihua
Middle
School,
some
students
were
in
great
need
of
books,
so
the
Students'
Union
decided
to
donate
books
to
them.
Some
students
donated
their
used
text?books
and
coaching
materials,
some
students
exercise?books
and
some
students
even
newbooks
which
were
just
been
bought
from
the
bookstores.
The
books
sent
to
the
school,
the
teachers
and
students
were
thankful
to
us.
We
are
glad
that
all
the
students
went
back
to
school
again.
PAGE
