高中英语被动语态讲解与练习word版(含答案)

高中英语被动语态总结
一、被动语态的构成形式
　　1.
被动语态的基本时态变化
　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,
被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
　　1)
am/is/are
+done
(过去分词)
一般现在时
　
2）
has
/have
been
done
现在完成时
　　3）
am/is
/are
being
done
现在进行时
　　4）
was/were
done
一般过去时
　　5）
had
been
done
过去完成时
　　6）
was/were
being
done
过去进行时
　　7）
shall/will
be
done
一般将来时
　　8）
should/would
be
done
过去将来时
　　9）
shall/will
have
been
done
将来完成时（少用）
　　10）
should/would
have
been
done
过去将来完成时（少用）
　　2.
被动语态的特殊结构形式
　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
　　例The
baby
should
be
taken
good
care
of
by
the
baby-sitter.
　　2)
有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
　　例His
mother
gave
him
a
present
for
his
birthday.
可改为
He
was
given
a
present
by
his
mother
for
his
birthday.
　　3)
当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
　　例Someone
caught
the
boy
smoking
a
cigarette.
可改为The
boy
was
caught
smoking
a
cigarette.
　　4）在使役动词have,
make,
get以及感官动词see,
watch,
notice,
hear,
feel,
observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
　　例Someone
saw
a
stranger
walk
into
the
building.
可改为A
stranger
was
seen
to
walk
into
the
building.
　　5)
有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
　　例The
meeting
is
to
be
put
off
till
Friday.
　　3.
非谓语动词的被动语态
　　v.+ing
形式及不定式
to
do
也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)
。
　　例I
don't
like
being
laughed
at
in
the
public.
　　二、
如何使用被动语态
　　学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
　　1.
讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者
(这时可省
by
短语)。
　　例
My
bike
was
stolen
last
night.
　　2.
借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
　　例
I
was
given
ten
minutes
to
decide
whether
I
should
accept
the
offer.
　　3.
为了更好地安排句子。
　　例The
well-known
person
got
on
the
bus
and
was
immediately
recognized
by
people.
（一个主语就够了）
?
三、
It
is
said
that+从句及其他类似句型
　　一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,
consider,
expect,
report,
say,
suppose,
think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to
do
sth.”。有：
　　It
is
said
that…
据说,It
is
reported
that…据报道，It
is
believed
that…大家相信，It
is
hoped
that…大家希望，It
is
well
known
that…众所周知，It
is
thought
that…大家认为，It
is
suggested
that…据建议。　
　　例It
is
said
that
the
boy
has
passed
the
national
exam.
（＝The
boy
is
said
to
have
passed
the
national
exam.
）
　　四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
　　1.英语中有很多动词如
break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式
表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
　　例
This
kind
of
cloth
washes
well.
　　注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
　　试比较：The
door
won't
lock．
（指门本身有毛病）
　　The
door
won't
be
locked．
（指不会有人来锁门,
指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
　　2.
表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,
last,
take
place,
break
out,
come
out,
come
about,
come
true,
run
out,
give
out,
turn
out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
　　例
How
do
the
newspapers
come
out?
这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
　　3.
系动词没有被动形式,
但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,
sound,
taste,
book,
feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
　　　
例Your
reason
sounds
reasonable.
　　五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
　　在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义
。
　　1．
在need，want，require,
bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
　　例The
house
needs
repairing（to
be
repaired）．这房子需要修理。
　　2．
形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
　　例The
picture-book
is
well
worth
reading．（＝The
picture-book
is
very
worthy
to
be
read．）
　　3.
动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,
不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
　　例
I
have
a
lot
of
things
to
do
this
afternoon．
(to
do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
　　试比较：I’ll
go
to
the
post
office.
Do
you
have
a
letter
to
be
posted?
(
此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
　　4.
在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
　　例This
problem
is
difficult
to
work
out
.（可看作to
work
out省略了for
me）.
　　5．
在too…
to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
　　例This
book
is
too
expensive
(for
me)
to
buy.
　　6.
在there
be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
　　例There
is
no
time
to
lose（to
be
lost）．（用
to
lose可看成for
us
to
lose；用to
be
lost，谁
lost
time不明确。）
　　7.
在be
to
do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,
被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
　　例
Who
is
to
blame
for
starting
the
fire?
　　六、介词in,
on,
under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
　　表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
　　1.
“under
+名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under
control（受控制）,
under
treatment（在治疗中）,
under
repair（在修理中）,
under
discussion（在讨论中）,
under
construction（在施工中）。
　　例The
building
is
under
construction(
is
being
constructed).
　　2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond
belief
(令人难以置信)，
beyond
one’s
reach（鞭长莫及），beyond
one’s
control（无法控制），beyond
our
hope．
我们的成功始料不及。
　　　　例The
rumour
is
beyond
belief（=can’t
be
believed）．
　　3.“above+名词”结构,
表示“(品质、行为、能力等)
超过……、高于……”。
　　　　例His
honest
character
is
above
all
praise．=His
honest
character
cannot
be
praised
enough．
　　4．“for+名
词”结构，表示
“适于……、
为着……”。如：for
sale(出售),
for
rent（出租）等。
　　例That
house
is
for
sale.
(=
That
house
is
to
be
sold).
　　5．“in+名词”结构
，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in
print（在印刷中），in
sight(在视野范围内)，等。　
　　例The
book
is
not
yet
in
print．(=is
not
yet
printed)
　　6．“on+名词”结构,
表示“在从事……
中”。常见的有：on
sale(出售)，on
show（展出）,
on
trial（受审）。
　　例Today
some
treasures
are
on
show
in
the
museum
(=
are
being
showed).
　　7．“out
of+名词”结构
；
表示
“超出……
之外“，常见的有：out
of
control
(控制不了)，out
of
sight
（超出视线之外），out
of
one’s
reach(够不着),
out
of
fashion(不流行)等。　
　　例
The
plane
was
out
of
control
(can’t
be
controlled)．
。
　　8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。
　　　　例He
took
two
days
off
within
the
teacher's
permission．
　　七、被动语态与系表结构的区别
　　当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
　　1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。
　　例The
glass
is
broken．
（系表结构）
　　The
glass
was
broken
by
the
boy．
（被动语态）
　　2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
　　例The
door
is
locked．
（系表结构）
　　The
door
hasalready/just
been
locked．（被动语态）
　　3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
　　例
The
machine
is
being
repaired．
　　　【强化训练】
　　1.
If
city
noises
____
from
increasing，people
____
shout
to
be
heard
even
at
dinner．
　　A．
are
not
kept；will
have
to
B．
are
not
kept；have
　　C．
do
not
keep；will
have
to
　D．
do
not
keep；have
to
　　2.
The
fifth
generation
computers,
with
artificial
intelligence,
are
____and
perfected
now.
　　A.
developed
　B.
have
developed
　　C.
are
being
developed
　D.
will
have
been
developed
　　3.
---
____
the
sports
meet
might
be
put
off．
　---
Yes，it
all
depends
on
the
weather．
　　A．
I've
been
told
B．
I've
told
　C．
I'm
told
D．
I
told
　　4.
I
need
one
more
stamp
before
my
collection
___.
　　A.
has
completed
B.
completes
　C.
has
been
completed
D.
is
completed
　　5.
Rainforests
___
and
burned
at
such
a
speed
that
they
will
disappear
from
the
earth
in
the
near
future.
　　A.
cut
B.
are
cut
　C.
are
being
cut
D.
had
been
cut
　　6.
The
new
suspension
bridge
___
by
the
end
of
last
month.
　　A.
has
been
designed
B.
had
been
designed
　　C.
was
designed
　D.
would
be
designed
　　7.
When
a
pencil
is
partly
in
a
glass
of
water,
it
looks
as
if
it
____.
　　A.
breaks
B.
has
broken
　C.
was
broken
D.
had
been
broken
　　8.
Great
changes
___
in
the
city,
and
a
lot
of
factories
___.
　　A.
have
been
taken
place;
have
been
set
up
　　B.
have
taken
place;
have
been
set
up
　　C.
have
taken
place;
have
set
up
　　D.
were
taken
place;
were
set
up
　　9.
That
suit
__
over
60
dollars.
　　A.
had
costed
B.
costed
C.
is
costed
D.
cost
　　10.
---
Look!
Everything
here
is
under
construction.
　　---
What’s
the
pretty
small
house
that
__
for?
　　A.
is
being
built
B.
has
been
built
C.
is
built
D.
is
building
　　11.---
Do
you
like
the
material?
　　---
Yes,
it
___
very
soft.
　　A.
is
feeling
B.
felt
　C.
feels
D.
is
felt
　　12.
It
is
difficult
for
a
foreigner
____
Chinese．
　　A．
write
B．to
write
C．
to
be
written
D．
written
　　13.
I
have
no
more
letters
____
，thank
you．
A．
to
type
B．
typing
C．
to
be
typed
D．
typed
　　14.
Take
care!
Don’t
drop
the
ink
on
your
shirt,
for
it
__
easily.
　　A.
won’t
wash
out
B.
won’t
be
washed
out　C.
isn’t
washed
out
D.
isn’t
washing
out
　　15.
Nobody
noticed
the
thief
slip
into
the
house
because
the
lights
happened
to
___.
　　A.
be
put
up
B.
give
in
　C.
be
turned
on
D.
go
out
　　16.
The
computers
on
the
table
___
Professor
Smith.
　　A.
belongs
B.
are
belonged
to
C.
belongs
to
D.
belong
to
　　17.
---
What
do
you
think
of
the
book?
　　---Oh,
excellent.
It’s
worth
___
a
second
time.
　　A.
to
read
B.
to
be
read
C.
reading
D.
being
read
　　18.
The
squirrel
was
lucky
that
it
just
missed
___.
A.
catching
B.
to
be
caught
　C.
being
caught
D.
to
catch
　　19.
This
page
needed
___
again.
　　A.
being
checked
B.
checked
C.
to
check
D.
to
be
checked
　　20.
___
many
times,
the
boy
still
didn’t
know
how
to
do
the
exercises
　　A.
Having
taught
B.
Having
been
taught
　C.
taught
D.
Teaching
　　
key
1--5
ACADC
6--10
BCBDA
11--15
CBCAD
16--20
DCCDB
被动语态专项练习题
1.Our
house_____,
　?
??
A
.
is
getting
paint　B
.
is
getting
painted　
C
.
is
got
painted　D
.
has
got
to
paint
2.He
arrived
in
Beijing,where
he_____his
friend
.
　?
??
A
.
was
met
by　B
.
was
met　C
.
was
meeting　D
.
met
by?
3.The
war_____in
1937
　
??
A
.
was
broken
out　B
.
had
been
broken
out　
C
.
has
broken
out　D
.
broke
out?
4.The
mistakes
in
the
exercises
will_____the
teacher.
　?
??
A
.
cross　B
.
be
crossing　C
.
be
crossed
by　D
.
cross
by?
5.My
brother
and
I
have
__________her
birthday
party.
　?
??
A
.
been
invited　B
.
been
invited
for　C
.
invited
to　D
.
been
invited
to?
6.It_______this
way
　?
??
A
.
is
had
to
do　B
.
is
had
to
be
done　C
.
had
to
be
done　D
.
has
to
do?
7.It__this
way.?
??
A
used
to
do　B
.
used
to
be
done　C
.
is
used
to
do　D
.
is
used
to
doing?
8._____Chaplin.
　?
??
A
.
The
child's
name
was
called　B
.
The
child's
name
calls?
??
C
.
The
child
calls　D
.
The
child
is
named?
9.The
sports
meeting____
.
　?
??
A
.
is
put
off　B
.
is
to
put
off　C
.
is
to
be
put
off　D
.
puts
off?
10.Mary
realized
she_________
　?
??
A
.
was
making
fun
of　B
.
was
made
fun?
?
C
.
was
being
made
fun
of　D
.
was
being
made
fun?
11.______to
say
a
thing
in
that
way
　?
??
A
.
It
is
considers
wrong　B
.
It
is
considered
wrong?
?
C
.
It
is
considered
it's
wrong　D
.
It
is
consiedring
wrong?
12.He
ordered
that
the
books_______at
once.
　?
??
A
.
would
be
printed　B
.
would
print　C
.
be
printed　D
.
print?
13.The
story______in
ChinA
.?
　?
??
A
.
was
taken
place　B
.
was
happened　?
C
.
took
place　D
.
has
been
taken
place?
14.The
house_____my
parents
　?
??
A
.
is
belong
to　B
.
belong
to　C
.
belongs
to　D
.
is
belonged
to?
15.He_______by
his
teacher.
　?
??
A
.
happened
to
see
B
.
was
happened
to
see?
C
.
happened
to
be
seen　D
.
was
happened
to
be
seen?
16.Great
changes_____in
our
province.Many
tall
buildings.
　?
??
A
.
have
been
taken
place,
have
been
set
up?
??
B
.
have
taken
place,
have
been
set
up?
??
C
.
have
been
taken
place,
have
been
set
up?
??
D
.
were
taken
place,
were
set
up?
17.The
hall's____but
it's
not
yet____with
lamps.
　?
??
A
.
furnished,
finished　B
.
been
finished,
been
furnished?
??
C
.
being
finished,
being
furnished　D
.
set
up,
full?
18.The
new
hall
is
the
tallest
building
in
this
town._____from
here?
　
??
A
.
Can
it
see　B
.
Can
it
be
seen　C
.
Can
it
seen　D
.
Can
see?
19.As
soon
as
we
got
to
the
airport,we
found
that
the
plane_____.
　?
??
A
.
had
already
taken
off　B
.
already
took
off?
??
C
.
was
already
taking
off　D
.
was
already
taken
off?
20.
Some
of
the
hotels
in
my
hometown_________.
　?
??
A
.
have
now
been
rebuilding　B
.
are
now
rebuilding?
??
C
.
are
now
being
rebuilt　D
.
are
rebuilt
now?
21.
If
city
noises
____
from
increasing，people
____
shout
to
be
heard
even
at
dinner．?
??
A
.
are
not
kept；will
have
to　B
.
are
not
kept；have?
??
C
.
do
not
keep；will
have
to　D
.
do
not
keep；have
to
22.
The
fifth
generation
computers,
with
artificial
intelligence,
are
____and
perfected
now.?
??
A
.
developed　B
.
have
developed?
??
C
.
are
being
developed　D
.
will
have
been
developed?
23.
---
____
the
sports
meet
might
be
put
off．　
　
---
Yes，it
all
depends
on
the
weather．?
??
A
.
I've
been
told　B
.
I've
told　C
.
I'm
told　D
.
I
told?
24.
I
need
one
more
stamp
before
my
collection
___.?
??
A
.
has
completed　B
.
completes　C
.
has
been
completed　D
.
is
completed?
25.
Rainforests
___
and
burned
at
such
a
speed
that
they
will
disappear
from
?the
earth
in
the
near
future.?
??
A
.
cut　B
.
are
cut　C
.
are
being
cut　D
.
had
been
cut?
26.
The
new
suspension
bridge
___
by
the
end
of
last
month.?
??
A
.
has
been
designed　B
.
had
been
designed
C
.
was
designed　D
.
would
be
designed?
27.When
a
pencil
is
partly
in
a
glass
of
water,
it
looks
as
if
it
____.?
??
A
.
breaks　B
.
has
broken　C
.
was
broken　D
.
had
been
broken?
28.
Great
changes
___
in
the
city,
and
a
lot
of
factories
___.?
??
A
.
have
been
taken
place;
have
been
set
up
??
B
.
have
taken
place;
have
been
set
up
??
C
.
have
taken
place;
have
set
up
??
D
.
were
taken
place;
were
set
up?
29.
That
suit
__
over
60
dollars.?
??
A
.
had
costed　B
.
costed　C
.
is
costed　D
.
cost?
30.
---
Look!
Everything
here
is
under
construction.?
---
What's
the
pretty
small
house
that
__
for??
??
A
.
is
being
built　B
.
has
been
built　C
.
is
built　D
.
is
building?
31.---
Do
you
like
the
material??
---
Yes,
it
___
very
soft.?
??
A
.
is
feeling　B
.
felt　C
.
feels　D
.
is
felt?
32.
It
is
difficult
for
a
foreigner
____
Chinese．
??
A
.
write　B
.
to
write　C
.
to
be
written　D
.
written?
33.
I
have
no
more
letters
____
，thank
you．?
??
A
.
to
type　B
.
typing　C
.
to
be
typed　D
.
typed?
34.
Take
care!
Don't
drop
the
ink
on
your
shirt,
for
it
__
easily.?
??
A
.
won't
wash
out　B
.
won't
be
washed
out?
C
.
isn't
washed
out　D
.
isn't
washing
out?
35.
Nobody
noticed
the
thief
slip
into
the
house
because
the
lights
happened
to
___.?
??
A
.
be
put
up　B
.
give
in　C
.
be
turned
on　D
.
go
out?
36.
The
computers
on
the
table
___
Professor
Smith.?
??
A
.
belongs　B
.
are
belonged
to　C
.
belongs
to　D
.
belong
to?
37.
---
What
do
you
think
of
the
book??
---Oh,
excellent.
It's
worth
___
a
second
time.?
??
A
.
to
read　B
.
to
be
read　C
.
reading　D
.
being
read?
38.
The
squirrel
was
lucky
that
it
just
missed
___.?
??
A
.
catching　B
.
to
be
caught　C
.
being
caught　D
.
to
catch?
39.
This
page
needed
___
again.?
??
A
.
being
checked　B
.
checked　C
.
to
check　D
.
to
be
checked?
40.
___
many
times,
the
boy
still
didn't
know
how
to
do
the
exercises?
??
A
.
Having
taught　B
.
Having
been
taught　C
.
taught　
D
.
Teaching?
Keys
1
B???
2
A???
3
D???
4
C???
5
D???
6
C???
7
B???
8
D???
9
A???
10
C???
11
B???
12
C???
13
C???
14
C???
15
C???
16
B???
17
B???
18
B???
19
A???
20
C???
21
A???
22
C???
23
A???
24
D???
25
C???
26
B???
27
C???
28
B???
29
D???
30
A???
31
C???
32
B???
33
C???
34
A???
35
D???
36
D???
37
C???
38
C???
39
D???
40
B??
PAGE
５