定语从句の介词+关系代词[1]
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(共15张PPT)
这是一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词定语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：
The man whom\who\that\\ you should write to is Mr. White. (whom 作to 的宾语，to在谓语动词之后)
=The man to whom you should write is Mr. Write. (介词to置于whom前，whom 作宾语)
你该给他写信的那个人是怀特先生
一、当先行词指人时，用“介词+whom”句型
注意：此时不用who或that。
(1)The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Mr. Ball. （whom不能省略，也不用who 或that）
(2)The girl with whom my sister visited the Great Wall has just come back from London.
二、先行词指物时，用“介词+which”句型
注意：先行词指物时，不能用关系代词that直接跟在介词后作宾语。例如：
1.The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike. （which不能改为that）
2.The house to which he took us was very old. （which不能改为that）
三、介词的选择和运用是重中之重
1.根据介词与先行词的搭配习惯确定介词。先行词不同，与之习惯搭配的介词也不同。例如：
(1)Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time
(2)Do you still remember the days during which we worked together
2.根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词。动词不同，要求与之搭配的介词不同，动词与不同介词的搭配所表达的意义也大相径庭。例如：
(1)He lost the book in which he kept many telephone numbers. (2)I don’t know the person to whom you talked just now.
3.根据“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中的作用与含义而确定介词。例如：
(1)The plane by which my father went to Shanghai was late.
(2)The plane on which my father worked was very large. (此处on which=on the plane表地点)
注意下面几点特殊情况：
1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in\by which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
4：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.
. “介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。为便于同学们学习掌握，笔者扼要地对它的几种考查热点进行了归纳和解析，希望同学们能举一反三，加以掌握并运用考点
1 简单介词+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；
或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。
高考考例：
1. (2004全国卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, __ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
2. (2004全国卷) The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
3. (04上海) American women usually identify their best friend as someone ____they can talk frequently.
who B. as C. about which D. with whom
考点2 复杂介词+关系代词
知识归纳： 用于此结构的关系代词有which, whom, whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。
例如：We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.
Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided？
考点3 简单介词+关系代词+名词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which, whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。
高考考例：
(1995上海) In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home.
A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which
考点4 the+ 名词+of+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词”。
高考考例：
(2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, __ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
考点5 表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词
知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, 数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；
数词+名词；the +最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或 数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。
高考考例：
1. (04湖北) There are two buildings, __ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
2. (04辽) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ____ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of
C. of them D. of that
这是一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词定语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：
The man whom\who\that\\ you should write to is Mr. White. (whom 作to 的宾语，to在谓语动词之后)
=The man to whom you should write is Mr. Write. (介词to置于whom前，whom 作宾语)
你该给他写信的那个人是怀特先生
一、当先行词指人时，用“介词+whom”句型
注意：此时不用who或that。
(1)The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Mr. Ball. （whom不能省略，也不用who 或that）
(2)The girl with whom my sister visited the Great Wall has just come back from London.
二、先行词指物时，用“介词+which”句型
注意：先行词指物时，不能用关系代词that直接跟在介词后作宾语。例如：
1.The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike. （which不能改为that）
2.The house to which he took us was very old. （which不能改为that）
三、介词的选择和运用是重中之重
1.根据介词与先行词的搭配习惯确定介词。先行词不同，与之习惯搭配的介词也不同。例如：
(1)Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time
(2)Do you still remember the days during which we worked together
2.根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词。动词不同，要求与之搭配的介词不同，动词与不同介词的搭配所表达的意义也大相径庭。例如：
(1)He lost the book in which he kept many telephone numbers. (2)I don’t know the person to whom you talked just now.
3.根据“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中的作用与含义而确定介词。例如：
(1)The plane by which my father went to Shanghai was late.
(2)The plane on which my father worked was very large. (此处on which=on the plane表地点)
注意下面几点特殊情况：
1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in\by which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
4：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.
. “介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。为便于同学们学习掌握，笔者扼要地对它的几种考查热点进行了归纳和解析，希望同学们能举一反三，加以掌握并运用考点
1 简单介词+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；
或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。
高考考例：
1. (2004全国卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, __ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
2. (2004全国卷) The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
3. (04上海) American women usually identify their best friend as someone ____they can talk frequently.
who B. as C. about which D. with whom
考点2 复杂介词+关系代词
知识归纳： 用于此结构的关系代词有which, whom, whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。
例如：We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.
Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided？
考点3 简单介词+关系代词+名词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which, whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。
高考考例：
(1995上海) In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home.
A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which
考点4 the+ 名词+of+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词”。
高考考例：
(2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, __ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
考点5 表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词
知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, 数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；
数词+名词；the +最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或 数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。
高考考例：
1. (04湖北) There are two buildings, __ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
2. (04辽) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ____ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of
C. of them D. of that