2021届通用版高考英语新二轮语法巩固学案：《构词法》专题讲练 Word版含答案

高考英语二轮语法巩固-《构词法》专题讲练
【正误比对】
词性的误用
(1)【误】 You'd better take account of your able accurately before attempting to do such a business.
【正】 You'd better take account of your ability accurately before attempting to do such a business.
[分析] able改为ability。根据your可知此处应用名词ability,表示“能力”。句意:你最好在尝试做这笔生意前准确地考虑一下自己的能力。
(2)【误】 I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunate, I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.
【正】 I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunately,I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.
[分析] Unfortunate改为Unfortunately。修饰整个句子作状语应用副词,根据句意可知应表示“不幸的是”,故将Unfortunate改为Unfortunately。
(3)【误】 Excellent oral and written communication skills in Chinese and English are of important.
【正】 Excellent oral and written communication skills in Chinese and English are of importance.
[分析] important改为importance。介词之后要接名词。故将important改为importance。be of importance=be important。
(4)【误】 The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom brave.
【正】 The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom bravely.
[分析] brave改为bravely。修饰动词fought应用副词,故将brave改为bravely。
(5)【误】 However, in the past few months, the situation has worse considerably.
【正】 However, in the past few months, the situation has worsened considerably.
[分析] worse改为worsened。分析句子结构可知,此句缺少谓语动词,故用worsen表示“恶化”。句意:然而,在过去的几个月,情况恶化得相当严重。
【考点归纳】
考点一　转化法
名词转化为动词 face脸—face面对
形容词转化为动词 dirty脏的—dirty弄脏
动词转化为名词 design 设计—design图案
形容词转化为名词 daily每日的—daily日报
形容词转化为副词 deep深的—deep深深地
考点二　合成法 规则1 复合形容词的主要构成方式
形容词+名词+-ed
cold-blooded冷酷的
形容词+名词
high-class高级的
形容词+v.-ing
easy-going随和的
形容词+过去分词
newborn新生的
形容词+形容词
bitter-sweet甜中有苦的
名词+v.-ing
life-saving救生的
名词+过去分词
handmade手工制作的
名词+形容词
nationwide全国性的
数词+名词+ed
one-sided片面的
数词+名词+形容词
five-year-old五周岁的
规则2 复合名词的主要构成方式
名词+名词
silkworm蚕;classroom教室
形容词+名词
double-dealer两面派
v.-ing+名词
swimming pool游泳池
动词+名词
breakwater防波堤;pickpocket扒手
名词+v.-ing
handwriting笔迹
动词+副词
get-together联欢会;breakthrough突破
副词+动词
downfall垮台;outbreak爆发
规则3 复合动词的主要构成方式
名词+动词
sleepwalk梦游
副词+动词
overcome克服;undergo经历
形容词+动词
blacklist列入黑名单
考点三　派生法
规则1 前缀构词法
前缀 例词
dis(不,否定) dissatisfy使不满意;dishonest不诚实
un(不) unable不能够;unlucky不幸的
un(做相反动作) undress脱衣服;unload卸货
in(不,非) inactive不活跃的;incorrect不正确的
im(不,非) impolite没有礼貌的
ir(不,非) irregular不规则的
il(不,非) illogical不合逻辑的;illegal非法的
non(不,非) non-existent不存在的
mis(错误的) misunderstand误解;misfortune厄运
re(重复,再) rewrite重写;remarry再婚
en(使) enrich丰富;enable使能够
ex(以前的) ex-wife前妻
super(在……上面; 超级) supermarket超市;
supermodel超级名模
under(在……之下) underestimate低估;
underground地下的
sub(在……下;次于; 低于) subway地铁;
submarine潜艇
inter(相互之间) international国际的;
interact相互作用
semi(半) semi-final半决赛;semicircle半圆
multi(多) multinational跨国的
kilo(千) kilometre千米,公里;
kilogram千克
centi(百分之一) centimetre厘米;centigram厘克
milli(千分之一) millimetre毫米;milligram毫克
tele(远) telephone电话;television电视
a(在……上/ 里;向……) aboard在船/火车/飞机上;
ahead在前面;
aside在旁边;abroad在国外
auto(自己的,独自的) automobile机动车,汽车;
autobiography自传
over(太) overfull太满的,过多的
extra(额外) extraordinary非凡的
pre(预先) predict预告;preview预习
规则2 后缀构词法
(1)动词后缀
后缀 例词
en(使变得) deepen加深
fy(使……化) simplify简化
ize/ise(使…… 变成……) realize实现;
industrialize使工业化
(2)副词后缀
后缀 例词
ly carefully小心地;beautifully美丽地;quickly迅速地
ward(s) forward(s)向前;backward(s)向后
(3)名词后缀
后缀 例词
age(状态;集合) shortage缺少;marriage婚姻
an/ian(人,……家) American美国人;
Australian澳大利亚人
ence/ency(构成 抽象名词) dependence依靠;frequency频率
ance(性质,状态) importance重要性
ant/ent(人) assistant助手;student学生
cion/sion/tion/ation (动作,状态) suspicion怀疑;tension紧张;
repetition重复
ee(动作承受者或 受影响者) employee受雇者;refugee难民
er/or(人或物) writer作家;actor演员
ess(女性) actress女演员;waitress女服务员;
hostess女主人
ism(主义,……教) communism共产主义
ist(……主义者, ……家) communist共产主义者
ment(行为;结果; 状态;性质) argument争论;government政府;
development发展
ship(关系,身份) friendship友谊
hood(身份;性质) childhood童年
ty(状态;性质) anxiety焦虑
ure(结果;行为;状态; 实物) pressure压力;picture图画;
pleasure高兴
al(动作过程;结果) arrival到达;approval同意
(4)形容词后缀
后缀 例词
al national国家的;continental大陆的
ed learned有学识的;talented有才华的
en golden金色的;wooden木制的
ful beautiful美丽的;useful有用的
ic/ical economic经济的;political政治的
ish childish幼稚的;selfish自私的
ive creative有创造力的
less useless无用的;careless粗心的
ly friendly友好的;deadly致命的
ous dangerous危险的;glorious光荣的
ward downward向下的
y rainy多雨的;noisy吵闹的
【实战演练】
【单句语法填空】
1. She is determined to carry on with her　　　　 (educate).?
2. This development was only possible with the　　　　 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. ?
3. Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been 　　　　
(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.?
4. However, be　　　　 (care) not to go to extremes. ?
5. I deeply respect her 　　　　(determine) and ability to stand up for herself, and I am grateful to have such a positive role model.?
6. It was important for you to 　　　　(write) the essay to polish it according to the editor's suggestion.?
7. The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an 　　　　(operate) on his knee.?
8. Wherever they went, they were 　　　　(close) followed by security men.?
9. There must be something 　　　　(serious) wrong with our society. ?
10. People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is 　　　　(use).?
11. In a good 　　　　(marry), both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.?
12. In a 　　　　(danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to look for a dolphin.?
13. Teachers must try their best to make most of their students 　　　　(interest) in the subject.?
14. When China's ancient scientific and technological 　　　　(achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.?
15. To most young children, being laughed at by others is a(n) 　　　　(pleasant) experience.?
16. The report has a detailed 　　　　(describe) of what happened yesterday.?
17. I followed her to the railway station and then she 　　　　(appear) suddenly. ?
18. He hardly ever exercises. So he is kind of　　　　(health).?
19. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 　　　　(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.?
20. 　　　　(fail) is such a common matter that every one of us may meet it from time to time.?
【单句改错】
1.The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.
2.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
3.The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
4.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.
5.That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
【语篇语法填空】
American writer Theodor Seuss Geisel, better 1.　　　　 (know) as “Dr Seuss”, is one of the world's most famous authors of books for children.?
March 2, 2017 was his 113th birthday. He was born in 1904 in Massachusetts and 2.　　　　 (die) in 1991. 3.　　　　 his honour, March 2 is called both Dr Seuss Day and, in many places, World Book Day. The aim of the observance is to celebrate literature and urge children around the world to read.?
Dr Seuss is famous for his fantastical and 4.　　　　 (humour) books for young children. His books 5.　　　　 (fill) with colourful pictures and fun rhymes. Dr Seuss' 6.　　　　 (work) include The Cat in the Hat, Green Eggs and Ham and The Lorax.?
Dr Seuss helped generations of children learn to read and to love reading. His books have been published in some 20 languages.
Many people used World Book Day 7.　　　　 (express) thanks for Dr Seuss' books. If you missed out on World Book Day, you will have 8.　　　　 chance later this year to celebrate books and reading. The United Nations marks World Book and Copyright Day on April 23. That is the date on 9.　　　　 several of the world's 10.　　　　 (great) writers died. They include England's William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes of Spain.?
参考答案：
【单句语法填空】
1.education
2.introduction
3.fairly
4.careful
5.determination
6.rewrite
7.operation　
8.closely
9.seriously
10.useless
11.marriage
12.dangerous
13.interested
14.achievements
15.unpleasant
16.description
17.disappeared
18.unhealthy
19.warmly
20.Failure
【单句改错】
1.taste改为tasty　
2. wonderfully改为wonderful
3.helpfully改为helpful　
4. previous改为previously
5.closely改为close
【语篇语法填空】
1.known
2.died
3.In
4.humorous
5.are filled
6.works
7.to express
8.another
9.which
10.greatest