2021届通用版高考英语新二轮语法巩固学案：《名词性从句》专题讲练 Word版含答案
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高考英语二轮语法巩固-《名词性从句》专题讲练
【正误比对】
误区之一 连接代词之间的误用
【误】 Sarah hopes to become a friend of who shares her interests.
【正】 Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.
[分析] who 改为whoever。从句shares her interests缺少主语,故用whoever引导宾语从句并作从句主语。句意:Sarah希望跟与自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。
误区之二 连接副词之间的误用
【误】 The road is covered with snow. I can't understand how they insist on going by motorbike.
【正】 The road is covered with snow. I can't understand why they insist on going by motorbike.
[分析] how改为why。句意:路上有积雪。我不理解他们为何坚持骑摩托车去。根据句意可知用why引导宾语从句。
误区之三 名词性从句中that与what之间的误用
(1)【误】 That caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
【正】 What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
[分析] That改为What。主语从句缺少主语,故用what引导主语从句并作从句的主语。句意:什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。
(2)【误】 Before the sales start, I make a list of that my kids will need for the coming season.
【正】 Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.
[分析] that改为what。宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语,故用what引导宾语从句并作从句宾语。句意:购物前,我先列出孩子们对于即将到来的季节所需要的东西。
误区之四 从属连词that/whether/if以及连接副词之间的误用
(1)【误】 What the doctors really doubt is that my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
【正】 What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
[分析] that改为whether。根据 doubt一词可知,不确定的应是是否能很快恢复过来,故that改为whether。句意:医生真正不确定的是我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。
(2)【误】 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see when it got any better.
【正】 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see if/whether it got any better.
[分析] when改为if/whether。根据句意“起初他讨厌这个新工作, 但决定给自己几个月时间看看是否能感觉好点”可知用whether/if引导宾语从句。
(3)【误】 It is doubtful that the work can be completed on time.
【正】 It is doubtful whether the work can be completed on time.
[分析] that改为whether。在主语从句、同位语从句和表语从句中,要使用whether表示“是否”。
误区之五 同位语从句和定语从句的误用
(1)【误】 Information has been put forward when more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities this year.
【正】 Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities this year.
[分析] when改为that。句意:有消息说,今年更多的中学毕业生将进入大学。此句是一个分隔性同位语从句,从句句意完整,that引导同位语从句。
(2)【误】 The fact which this country spends more on its military than on education and health care combined is a serious and worrying thought.
【正】 The fact that this country spends more on its military than on education and health care combined is a serious and worrying thought.
[分析] which改为that。句意:这个国家在军队上的投入超过教育和健康医疗投入的总和,这一事实很严重也很令人担忧。分析句式可知,从句句意完整,因此不是定语从句,故不能使用which。此处是that引导的一个同位语从句,具体解释说明fact的内容。
【考点归纳】
考点一 that引导的名词性从句
规则1that引导的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句
连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义,在从句中不担任任何句子成分,但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。
①As I searched the name Linda on the Internet,it became evident that there're two with the same name who look completely different.
当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候,很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。(主语从句)
②My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。(表语从句)
③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。(宾语从句)
[温馨提示] ●that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:
①It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。
②It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,
likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。
③It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)
+that从句。
●常见的可以接that (that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think,make,consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。
规则2that引导的同位语从句
that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词如fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,
idea,news,problem,possibility等后,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that只起引导作用,在从句中不充当成分,但一般不能省略。
①The government gave the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down in three weeks.
政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。
②The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
考点二 who,why,how,where,when等引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。
能接以上词引导的宾语从句的动词很多,常见的有see,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise等。
①Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
简漫无目的地沿着林荫大道走着, 不知道要去哪里。(宾语从句)
②Some students even have no idea of why they are studying,so they waste much time playing.
有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习,所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。(宾语从句)
考点三 whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句
whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换,在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。
此外,与or或or not连用以及从句作介词宾语时只能用whether而不用if。
①I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.
我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病危机。(介词后的宾语从句中,不可用if代替whether)
②It remains to be seen whether he can get over the difficulty.
是否他能克服困难还有待观察。(主语从句,不可用if代替whether)
③She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆,我承认没还。(宾语从句,可用if代替whether)
考点四 what,wh-ever引导的名词性从句
what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“……的”,在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。wh-ever引导名词性从句时,其作用等同于其前面的连接词,意为“任何……”或“无论……”,含有强调的语气。
①Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年, 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。(主语从句)
②We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20,half of what it used to charge. (宾语从句)
我们之所以选择这家酒店,是因为这里的价格低至20美元一晚,是过去收费的一半。
【实战演练】
【单句语法填空】
1. His favourite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise losing weight is just his dream.?
2. It remains to be seen the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.?
3. Now it occurred to him his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.?
4.The practical suggestion came from the representatives the new rule be adopted.?
5. They would appreciate it, to be frank, the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.?
6. Recently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine
pleasant smells might reduce pain.?
7. Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that's I don't agree.?
8. It is obvious the local government can do to protect the environment for the future generations.?
9. The problem is one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.?
10. The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat food they could find there.?
11. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it.?
12. Success partially depends on you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.?
13. To our astonishment, we saw a light and some people in a cabin. Jim was too frightened to go on but I felt curious, wondering was happening.?
14. Finally, keep in mind there are many things that can't be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.?
15. With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome
difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.?
16.Recently, I asked her gave her the confidence to keep challenging the status quo(现状).?
17.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.?
18.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls
needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.?
【单句改错】
1.His promise which he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out to be a lie.
2.Intelligence, perseverance and confidence are that it takes to make a good scientist.
3.We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club. The number of members is limited.
4.At the evening party the host said who was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.
5.Whether we will do is to leave a note to tell Mum we will be back late.
6. My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
7. The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
【语篇语法填空】
In southern Portugal, scientists from the University of Edinburgh have recently found some fossil (化石) remains of a 1. (previous) unknown species (物种) of a crocodile-like “super salamander ”.?
The species could grow up to six feet in 2. (long). It lived in lakes and rivers. It was part of a wider group of primitive amphibians (两栖动物) 3. were widespread at the time but died out in the end. They are the ancestors of modern amphibians such as frogs. They are believed by scientists 4. (live) at the same time the dinosaurs began their rule.?
Steve Brusatte led the study. He said the new species had 5. (hundred) of sharp teeth. It looks somehow “strange” 6. (compare) to anything today.?
Feeding mainly 7. fish, it was at the top of the food chain. But it's also 8. danger for newly appeared dinosaurs and mammals that moved too near the water.?
The team says the finding confirms that this group of amphibians lived in a 9. (diverse) geographic area than people had thought.?
The dig began in 2009 and took several years. The “super salamander” bones 10. (discover) in a half-metre thick layer of rock in a hillside. The team hopes to raise funds to continue exploring the site.?
参考答案：
【单句语法填空】
1.that
2.whether/if
3.that
4.that
5.if
6.that
7.where
8.what
9.that
10.whatever
11.that
12.whether
13.what
14.that
15.whatever
16.what
17.Whatever
18.how
【单句改错】
1.which改为that
2. that改为what
3. whom改为who
4.who改为whoever
5.Whether改为What
6.that改为where
7.how改为what
【语篇语法填空】
1. previously
2. length
3. that/which
4. to have lived
5. hundreds
6. compared
7. on
8. a
9. more diverse
10. were discovered
【正误比对】
误区之一 连接代词之间的误用
【误】 Sarah hopes to become a friend of who shares her interests.
【正】 Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.
[分析] who 改为whoever。从句shares her interests缺少主语,故用whoever引导宾语从句并作从句主语。句意:Sarah希望跟与自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。
误区之二 连接副词之间的误用
【误】 The road is covered with snow. I can't understand how they insist on going by motorbike.
【正】 The road is covered with snow. I can't understand why they insist on going by motorbike.
[分析] how改为why。句意:路上有积雪。我不理解他们为何坚持骑摩托车去。根据句意可知用why引导宾语从句。
误区之三 名词性从句中that与what之间的误用
(1)【误】 That caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
【正】 What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
[分析] That改为What。主语从句缺少主语,故用what引导主语从句并作从句的主语。句意:什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。
(2)【误】 Before the sales start, I make a list of that my kids will need for the coming season.
【正】 Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.
[分析] that改为what。宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语,故用what引导宾语从句并作从句宾语。句意:购物前,我先列出孩子们对于即将到来的季节所需要的东西。
误区之四 从属连词that/whether/if以及连接副词之间的误用
(1)【误】 What the doctors really doubt is that my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
【正】 What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
[分析] that改为whether。根据 doubt一词可知,不确定的应是是否能很快恢复过来,故that改为whether。句意:医生真正不确定的是我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。
(2)【误】 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see when it got any better.
【正】 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see if/whether it got any better.
[分析] when改为if/whether。根据句意“起初他讨厌这个新工作, 但决定给自己几个月时间看看是否能感觉好点”可知用whether/if引导宾语从句。
(3)【误】 It is doubtful that the work can be completed on time.
【正】 It is doubtful whether the work can be completed on time.
[分析] that改为whether。在主语从句、同位语从句和表语从句中,要使用whether表示“是否”。
误区之五 同位语从句和定语从句的误用
(1)【误】 Information has been put forward when more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities this year.
【正】 Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities this year.
[分析] when改为that。句意:有消息说,今年更多的中学毕业生将进入大学。此句是一个分隔性同位语从句,从句句意完整,that引导同位语从句。
(2)【误】 The fact which this country spends more on its military than on education and health care combined is a serious and worrying thought.
【正】 The fact that this country spends more on its military than on education and health care combined is a serious and worrying thought.
[分析] which改为that。句意:这个国家在军队上的投入超过教育和健康医疗投入的总和,这一事实很严重也很令人担忧。分析句式可知,从句句意完整,因此不是定语从句,故不能使用which。此处是that引导的一个同位语从句,具体解释说明fact的内容。
【考点归纳】
考点一 that引导的名词性从句
规则1that引导的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句
连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义,在从句中不担任任何句子成分,但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。
①As I searched the name Linda on the Internet,it became evident that there're two with the same name who look completely different.
当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候,很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。(主语从句)
②My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。(表语从句)
③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。(宾语从句)
[温馨提示] ●that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:
①It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。
②It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,
likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。
③It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)
+that从句。
●常见的可以接that (that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think,make,consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。
规则2that引导的同位语从句
that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词如fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,
idea,news,problem,possibility等后,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that只起引导作用,在从句中不充当成分,但一般不能省略。
①The government gave the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down in three weeks.
政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。
②The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
考点二 who,why,how,where,when等引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。
能接以上词引导的宾语从句的动词很多,常见的有see,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise等。
①Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
简漫无目的地沿着林荫大道走着, 不知道要去哪里。(宾语从句)
②Some students even have no idea of why they are studying,so they waste much time playing.
有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习,所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。(宾语从句)
考点三 whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句
whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换,在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。
此外,与or或or not连用以及从句作介词宾语时只能用whether而不用if。
①I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.
我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病危机。(介词后的宾语从句中,不可用if代替whether)
②It remains to be seen whether he can get over the difficulty.
是否他能克服困难还有待观察。(主语从句,不可用if代替whether)
③She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆,我承认没还。(宾语从句,可用if代替whether)
考点四 what,wh-ever引导的名词性从句
what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“……的”,在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。wh-ever引导名词性从句时,其作用等同于其前面的连接词,意为“任何……”或“无论……”,含有强调的语气。
①Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年, 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。(主语从句)
②We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20,half of what it used to charge. (宾语从句)
我们之所以选择这家酒店,是因为这里的价格低至20美元一晚,是过去收费的一半。
【实战演练】
【单句语法填空】
1. His favourite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise losing weight is just his dream.?
2. It remains to be seen the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.?
3. Now it occurred to him his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.?
4.The practical suggestion came from the representatives the new rule be adopted.?
5. They would appreciate it, to be frank, the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.?
6. Recently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine
pleasant smells might reduce pain.?
7. Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that's I don't agree.?
8. It is obvious the local government can do to protect the environment for the future generations.?
9. The problem is one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.?
10. The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat food they could find there.?
11. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it.?
12. Success partially depends on you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.?
13. To our astonishment, we saw a light and some people in a cabin. Jim was too frightened to go on but I felt curious, wondering was happening.?
14. Finally, keep in mind there are many things that can't be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.?
15. With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome
difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.?
16.Recently, I asked her gave her the confidence to keep challenging the status quo(现状).?
17.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.?
18.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls
needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.?
【单句改错】
1.His promise which he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out to be a lie.
2.Intelligence, perseverance and confidence are that it takes to make a good scientist.
3.We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club. The number of members is limited.
4.At the evening party the host said who was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.
5.Whether we will do is to leave a note to tell Mum we will be back late.
6. My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
7. The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
【语篇语法填空】
In southern Portugal, scientists from the University of Edinburgh have recently found some fossil (化石) remains of a 1. (previous) unknown species (物种) of a crocodile-like “super salamander ”.?
The species could grow up to six feet in 2. (long). It lived in lakes and rivers. It was part of a wider group of primitive amphibians (两栖动物) 3. were widespread at the time but died out in the end. They are the ancestors of modern amphibians such as frogs. They are believed by scientists 4. (live) at the same time the dinosaurs began their rule.?
Steve Brusatte led the study. He said the new species had 5. (hundred) of sharp teeth. It looks somehow “strange” 6. (compare) to anything today.?
Feeding mainly 7. fish, it was at the top of the food chain. But it's also 8. danger for newly appeared dinosaurs and mammals that moved too near the water.?
The team says the finding confirms that this group of amphibians lived in a 9. (diverse) geographic area than people had thought.?
The dig began in 2009 and took several years. The “super salamander” bones 10. (discover) in a half-metre thick layer of rock in a hillside. The team hopes to raise funds to continue exploring the site.?
参考答案：
【单句语法填空】
1.that
2.whether/if
3.that
4.that
5.if
6.that
7.where
8.what
9.that
10.whatever
11.that
12.whether
13.what
14.that
15.whatever
16.what
17.Whatever
18.how
【单句改错】
1.which改为that
2. that改为what
3. whom改为who
4.who改为whoever
5.Whether改为What
6.that改为where
7.how改为what
【语篇语法填空】
1. previously
2. length
3. that/which
4. to have lived
5. hundreds
6. compared
7. on
8. a
9. more diverse
10. were discovered