2021届通用版高考英语新二轮语法巩固学案：《数词&主谓一致》专题讲练 Word版含答案
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高考英语二轮语法巩固-《数词&主谓一致》专题讲练
【正误比对】
误区之一 名词作主语时谓语动词单复数的误用
【误】 My dream school look like a big garden.
【正】 My dream school looks like a big garden.
[分析] look改为looks。主语my dream school是单数,故谓语也应该用单数。
误区之二 “就近”与“就远”原则主谓一致的误用
(1)【误】 The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon.
【正】 The teacher, as well as his students, is going to see the film this afternoon.
[分析] are改为is。当as well as连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词与前面的名词的形式保持一致。
(2)【误】 Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing.
【正】 Not only my parents but also I am good at dancing and singing.
[分析] are改为am。not only…but also…连接主语时,谓语遵守就近一致原则。
误区之三 非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致的误用
【误】 What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
【正】 What I liked best was the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
[分析] were改为was。名词性从句作主语时,谓语用单数。
误区之四 倒装句的主谓一致的误用
【误】 Among all my friends are a special one I'm most thankful to.
【正】 Among all my friends is a special one I'm most thankful to.
[分析] are改为is。此句是倒装句,主语a special one是单数,故谓语也用单数。
【考点归纳】
考点一 数词
数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。
规则1 表示事物数量的多少,特别是hundred,thousand,million, billion等,前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,它们只能用单数形式;
在表示不确切数目时,它们用复数,且后面加of再加所修饰的名词。
two hundred people;millions of people。
规则2 序数词一般由“基数词+th”构成。
以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。
常用的不规则的序数词有first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。
序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一,又一”时,前面要用不定冠词a/an。
规则3 年代的表达是“the+年代-s”或“the+年代-'s”。
规则4 分数的表达是分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于“1”时,分母要用复数形式。
考点二 主谓一致
规则1语法一致原则
①The majority of visitors were in favour of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was simply surprising.
大多数的访客都支持他的结论:在这个主题方面出版的书的数量真是令人惊讶。
②With more and more forests being destroyed,a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
=With more and more forests being destroyed,quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被破坏,每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
[温馨提示]
①主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。
②a quantity of接名词时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词,后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
③由“kind (form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修饰的主语,其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。
④主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等附属成分时,谓语动词的数要与其前面的主语保持一致。
规则2意义一致原则
①The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
②Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.
很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。
③Only 60 per cent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
④Every boy and every girl is asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 tomorrow morning.
所有男女生要求明天早上7:30之前在学校门口集合。
[温馨提示]
①由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体),谓语动词用单数。
②“no/each/every+单数名词+and+no/each/every+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
③非谓语动词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
④表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数。
⑤many a/more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
规则3就近一致原则
①Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.
或者你或者我要负责这件事。
②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。
[温馨提示]
①由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but (also)连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。
②there be句型中,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
【实战演练】
【单句语法填空】
1. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. ?
2. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.?
3. It is important to remember that success (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often (take) years to achieve.?
4.All we need (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.?
5.The famous musician, as well as his students, (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.?
6. Many a student (select) to take part in the English competition,and more than one teacher has coached them on speaking and writing.?
7.Lots of money (spend) on the bridge, which was expected to be completed the next month.?
8.The following (be) some simple tips that help parents create a reader-friendly home for themselves and their children.?
9.It is you, rather than he, that (be) to blame for the accident.?
10. Between the two rows of trees (stand) our teaching building, which is made of stones and red bricks.?
11. Large quantities of water, as well as some other timely help including a medical team, (offer) since the serious drought hit Yunnan Province.?
12.Strangely enough,a pair of new trousers (find) in a pile of rubbish yesterday.?
13.Nothing but some ancient Chinese coins (find) in the sunken ship since they began the exploration.?
14. A survey shows that four hours of exercise every week (be) good for our health.?
15.The murderer, together with his two brothers, (sentence) to death just now.?
16.The drug used to treat this disease causes side effects, some of which
(be) deadly.?
17. Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, (be) once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centres of the USA right now.?
18. As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area
(need) rebuilding now.?
19.The number of new energy vehicles in China's cities (expect) to reach 39,000 by the end of this month, according to Wan Gang, Chinese Minister of Science and Technology.?
20.A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake
(send) to live with families in other cities.?
【单句改错】
1. Fast food are full of fat and salt.
2.He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.
3.I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together.
4.When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
5. Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yesterday.
【语篇语法填空】
It seemed like another ordinary day. My family and I had decided to spend the day on the beach. I sat in the sun 1. (watch) the children playing. I was just going to have a swim 2. I noticed a strange object in the sea. 3. my horror, I realized the “object” was a child drowning. Without hesitation I jumped into the water and 4. (grab) the child. With my free arms I swam back to the shore. The child, 5. was a boy of about five, was like a deadweight but I felt powered by a superhuman strength. ?
I laid the unconscious boy 6. (gentle) on the ground and gave him first aid, which brought him back to life immediately. A large crowd gathered and someone told me an ambulance was on its way. By the time the ambulance arrived, to my great relief, the boy was sitting up and talking.?
The boy's parents were 7. (delight) with his quick 8. (recover). They telephoned me later to thank me. I recommend that all students in school learn how to swim. I'd also like 9. (remind) everyone to take care near the sea, rivers or swimming pools. You can drown much 10. (easily) than you think.?
参考答案：
【单句语法填空】
1.is
2.were
3.is; takes
4.is
5.was invited
6. was/has been selected
7. was spent
8.are
9. are
10. stands
11.have been offered
12. was found
13. has been found
14. is
15.was sentenced
16. are
17. is
18. need
19.is expected
20. were sent
【单句改错】
1.are改为is
2.was改为were
3. picture改为pictures
4.cup改为cups
5. were改为was
【语篇语法填空】
1.watching
2.when
3.To
4.grabbed
5.who
6.gently
7.delighted
8.recovery
9.to remind
10.more easily
【正误比对】
误区之一 名词作主语时谓语动词单复数的误用
【误】 My dream school look like a big garden.
【正】 My dream school looks like a big garden.
[分析] look改为looks。主语my dream school是单数,故谓语也应该用单数。
误区之二 “就近”与“就远”原则主谓一致的误用
(1)【误】 The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon.
【正】 The teacher, as well as his students, is going to see the film this afternoon.
[分析] are改为is。当as well as连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词与前面的名词的形式保持一致。
(2)【误】 Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing.
【正】 Not only my parents but also I am good at dancing and singing.
[分析] are改为am。not only…but also…连接主语时,谓语遵守就近一致原则。
误区之三 非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致的误用
【误】 What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
【正】 What I liked best was the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
[分析] were改为was。名词性从句作主语时,谓语用单数。
误区之四 倒装句的主谓一致的误用
【误】 Among all my friends are a special one I'm most thankful to.
【正】 Among all my friends is a special one I'm most thankful to.
[分析] are改为is。此句是倒装句,主语a special one是单数,故谓语也用单数。
【考点归纳】
考点一 数词
数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。
规则1 表示事物数量的多少,特别是hundred,thousand,million, billion等,前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,它们只能用单数形式;
在表示不确切数目时,它们用复数,且后面加of再加所修饰的名词。
two hundred people;millions of people。
规则2 序数词一般由“基数词+th”构成。
以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。
常用的不规则的序数词有first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。
序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一,又一”时,前面要用不定冠词a/an。
规则3 年代的表达是“the+年代-s”或“the+年代-'s”。
规则4 分数的表达是分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于“1”时,分母要用复数形式。
考点二 主谓一致
规则1语法一致原则
①The majority of visitors were in favour of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was simply surprising.
大多数的访客都支持他的结论:在这个主题方面出版的书的数量真是令人惊讶。
②With more and more forests being destroyed,a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
=With more and more forests being destroyed,quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被破坏,每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
[温馨提示]
①主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。
②a quantity of接名词时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词,后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
③由“kind (form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修饰的主语,其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。
④主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等附属成分时,谓语动词的数要与其前面的主语保持一致。
规则2意义一致原则
①The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
②Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.
很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。
③Only 60 per cent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
④Every boy and every girl is asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 tomorrow morning.
所有男女生要求明天早上7:30之前在学校门口集合。
[温馨提示]
①由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体),谓语动词用单数。
②“no/each/every+单数名词+and+no/each/every+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
③非谓语动词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
④表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数。
⑤many a/more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
规则3就近一致原则
①Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.
或者你或者我要负责这件事。
②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。
[温馨提示]
①由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but (also)连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。
②there be句型中,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
【实战演练】
【单句语法填空】
1. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. ?
2. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.?
3. It is important to remember that success (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often (take) years to achieve.?
4.All we need (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.?
5.The famous musician, as well as his students, (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.?
6. Many a student (select) to take part in the English competition,and more than one teacher has coached them on speaking and writing.?
7.Lots of money (spend) on the bridge, which was expected to be completed the next month.?
8.The following (be) some simple tips that help parents create a reader-friendly home for themselves and their children.?
9.It is you, rather than he, that (be) to blame for the accident.?
10. Between the two rows of trees (stand) our teaching building, which is made of stones and red bricks.?
11. Large quantities of water, as well as some other timely help including a medical team, (offer) since the serious drought hit Yunnan Province.?
12.Strangely enough,a pair of new trousers (find) in a pile of rubbish yesterday.?
13.Nothing but some ancient Chinese coins (find) in the sunken ship since they began the exploration.?
14. A survey shows that four hours of exercise every week (be) good for our health.?
15.The murderer, together with his two brothers, (sentence) to death just now.?
16.The drug used to treat this disease causes side effects, some of which
(be) deadly.?
17. Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, (be) once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centres of the USA right now.?
18. As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area
(need) rebuilding now.?
19.The number of new energy vehicles in China's cities (expect) to reach 39,000 by the end of this month, according to Wan Gang, Chinese Minister of Science and Technology.?
20.A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake
(send) to live with families in other cities.?
【单句改错】
1. Fast food are full of fat and salt.
2.He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.
3.I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together.
4.When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
5. Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yesterday.
【语篇语法填空】
It seemed like another ordinary day. My family and I had decided to spend the day on the beach. I sat in the sun 1. (watch) the children playing. I was just going to have a swim 2. I noticed a strange object in the sea. 3. my horror, I realized the “object” was a child drowning. Without hesitation I jumped into the water and 4. (grab) the child. With my free arms I swam back to the shore. The child, 5. was a boy of about five, was like a deadweight but I felt powered by a superhuman strength. ?
I laid the unconscious boy 6. (gentle) on the ground and gave him first aid, which brought him back to life immediately. A large crowd gathered and someone told me an ambulance was on its way. By the time the ambulance arrived, to my great relief, the boy was sitting up and talking.?
The boy's parents were 7. (delight) with his quick 8. (recover). They telephoned me later to thank me. I recommend that all students in school learn how to swim. I'd also like 9. (remind) everyone to take care near the sea, rivers or swimming pools. You can drown much 10. (easily) than you think.?
参考答案：
【单句语法填空】
1.is
2.were
3.is; takes
4.is
5.was invited
6. was/has been selected
7. was spent
8.are
9. are
10. stands
11.have been offered
12. was found
13. has been found
14. is
15.was sentenced
16. are
17. is
18. need
19.is expected
20. were sent
【单句改错】
1.are改为is
2.was改为were
3. picture改为pictures
4.cup改为cups
5. were改为was
【语篇语法填空】
1.watching
2.when
3.To
4.grabbed
5.who
6.gently
7.delighted
8.recovery
9.to remind
10.more easily