2021届通用版高考英语新二轮语法巩固学案：《代词》专题讲练 Word版含答案
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| 名称 | 2021届通用版高考英语新二轮语法巩固学案：《代词》专题讲练 Word版含答案 |  | |
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高考英语二轮语法巩固-《代词》专题讲练
【正误比对】
误区之一 代词单复“数”的误用
【误】 The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to him.
【正】 The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
[分析] 指代复数名词the students应用复数代词them,故him改为them。句意:必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。
误区之二 代词词“格”的误用
【误】 It was a great privilege for I to be able to spend so much time with him down here.
【正】 It was a great privilege for me to be able to spend so much time with him down here.
[分析] 介词之后要用宾格代词作宾语,故I改为me。
句意:能跟他在这里相处这么久,对我真是莫大的幸运。
误区之三 反身代词与人称代词的误用
【误】 He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.
【正】 He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town.
[分析] 根据语境可知,此处表达“使他有别于其他人”而非“他自己”,故himself改为him。
误区之四 代词词“性”的误用
【误】 She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because he was worried about her husband's whereabouts.
【正】 She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because she was worried about her husband's whereabouts.
[分析] 根据语境可知,担忧丈夫的是主语she,故he改为she。
句意:电话铃一响,她就冲过去抓起听筒,因为她正担心着她丈夫的下落。
误区之五 功能词it的缺失和替代词的误用
(1)【误】 We think necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.
【正】 We think it necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.
[分析] 此句要用it代替不定式短语to make people fully aware of…充当形式宾语,故think后要加it。
句意:我们认为有必要让人们充分认识违反交通规则的危害。
(2)【误】 As you would expect, China's Internet looks different from it of America and Europe.
【正】 As you would expect, China's Internet looks different from that of America and Europe.
[分析] it特指同一事物,that特指单数同类事物,根据语境可知it应改为that。
句意:正如你预想的,中国的互联网看起来与美国和欧洲的不同。
误区之六 物主代词的误用
【误】 We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.
【正】 We took our fishing poles and headed for the lake.
[分析] 修饰名词fishing poles应用形容词性物主代词,故ours改为our。
【考点归纳】
考点一 it的使用规则
(1)指代作用:除了上面讲到的指代前面提到的同一个人或物外,还指代环境、情形;也可指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节、度量单位等;在不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时, 也可以用it来指代说话对象。
It is a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?
宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩?
(2)形式作用:it常用来代替不定式、从句、动名词作形式主语或形式宾语。
You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious.
你必须让他们清楚形势严峻。
[温馨提示]
①表示“喜欢;厌恶”等心理方面的动词后跟if/when等引导的从句时,常在从句前加it作形式宾语,常见的词有appreciate,like,love,dislike,hate等。
I'd appreciate it if you could teach me how to use the computer.
如果你能教我如何用电脑,我将不胜感激。
②请注意it的一些固定搭配,如:make it成功,确定时间为……;get it 明白了;when it comes to…当提到……等。
—When shall we meet again?
—Make it any day you like; it's all the same to me.
“我们下一次什么时候见面?”
“你喜欢哪天就哪天,对我来说都一样。”
考点二 替代词的使用规则
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
that 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词,指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those,相当于the ones
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为ones
those 指“the+名词复数(尤其在有后置定语时)”
①The book is more interesting than that/the one I read a few days ago.
这本书比我几天前读的那本更有趣。
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.
桌上的那些书比桌下的那些书要好。
②Helping others is a habit, one you can learn even at an early age.
帮助别人是一种习惯,一种在你小时候甚至就能学会的习惯。
Mr Li gave me many valuable presents, ones that I had never seen.
李先生给了我很多珍贵的礼物,这些是我从未见过的。
③Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldn't find it anywhere. So I had to buy one.
昨天我丢了钢笔,哪里也没找到,只好又买了一只。
考点三 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的使用规则
人称代词主格 I,you,he,she,it, we,you,they
人称代词宾格 me,you,him,her,it, us,you,them
形容词性物主代词 my,your,his,her,its, our,your,their
名词性物主代词 mine,yours,his,hers,its, ours,yours, theirs
反身代词 myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself, ourselves,yourselves,themselves
(1)人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
He told me what had happened.
他告诉我发生了什么。
(2)物主代词
形容词性物主代词只能作定语,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语。
Those strange ideas of yours can't be realized at all.
你的那些奇想根本没办法实现。
(3)反身代词有myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
①He was running so fast that he couldn't stop himself.
他跑得太快了,一下子停不下来。
②It would be better to rely on ourselves than on others. 与其求人,不如求己。
考点四 不定代词的使用规则
(1)any,every的区别
any every not any not every
(三个或三个以 上中)任何一个 (三个或三个
以上中)每一个 任何人/物都不
(全部否定) 并非每个
(部分否定)
①I have many books here, and you can take any one.
我这里有很多书,你可以拿任何一本。
②Every man dies, but not every man really lives.
每个人都会死去, 但不是每个人都会真正活出他的价值。
(2)复合不定代词的区别
某 任何 每个,所有 没有
人 someone/
somebody anyone/
anybody everyone/
everybody no one/
nobody
物 something anything everything nothing
①Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.
世上无难事,只怕有心人。
②Nobody can achieve anything of real significance unless he works very hard.
一个人要是不努力, 他就将一事无成。
(3)one,another,the other,some,others,the others的区别
一个/一些 另外一个/一些 剩余的一个/一些
单数 one another the other
复数 some others the others
[温馨提示] “another+基数词+复数名词” =“基数词+other+复数名词”。
①One was happy but the other was disappointed.
一人感到开心,另一人却感到失望。
②Some people like to stay at home on Sunday, while others like to go to the cinema.
一些人喜欢周日待在家里,而另一些人则喜欢去看电影。
③I felt so bad yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn't face another day like that.
昨天我感觉很糟,所以今天早上我决定不能再像那样面对一天了。
(4)all, both, either,any, neither, none的区别
都 任何一个 都不
(全部否定) 部分否定
两者 both either neither both+not
三者或 三者以上 all any none all+not
①There are trees on both sides/either side of the street. 在街的两旁都有树。
②All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses.
所有的马都是动物,但并不是所有的动物都是马。
③Because Henry and Mark had to work, neither of them came yesterday.
由于亨利和马克要上班,所以两人昨天都没来。
④They were all very tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.
他们都非常累,但没有一个想停下来休息。
【实战演练】
【单句语法填空】
1. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using every day.?
2. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by
(it) mother.?
3. “Oh, dear! It's (I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.?
4. An important quality in a neighbour is consideration for (other).?
5.Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said was a wonderful holiday destination. ?
6. To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .?
7. The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.?
8. She'd lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and moved to Cambridge.?
9. Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.?
10.I'd appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.?
11. We used to mistake that heavy objects fell faster than light (one).?
12. The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with
of nature.?
13. He said was not nice to eat meat with one's fingers because they were not always clean.?
14. A successful learner has a determined will and amazing patience.?
15. She did not hesitate for long:although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please (he).?
【单句改错】
1.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
2.At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
3.We must find ways to protect your environment.
4.My soccer coach retired last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.
5.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target.
【语篇语法填空】
I gain a lot of rewarding experiences from some social activities. Our local community Youth Club is a very popular organization with young people in my town. I have been a member for four years now and I've taken part in a lot of interesting projects, 1. include fun activities such as holiday camps and discos. We have organized sports competitions and we have even made a video.?
But it isn't all just enjoyment, we have also started doing social work to help people in our neighbourhood. We 2. (organize) activities for small children during the holidays. We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop 3. (smoke).?
We are particularly proud of the most recent group we have created. It organizes regular visits 4. the local old people's home. My class spent an afternoon at a home and everyone found the visit very rewarding. The old people there were 5. (talk) and they told us their personal stories 6. (cheer). During our visit, the home was filled with 7. (laugh).But we realized that life wasn't always easy.Some of them were in poor health and were very 8. (happy).?
Many young people like me do not live with our grandparents and we have little contact with elderly people. As a result, many young people don't know 9. they are like. After this visit, my friends and I decided that we should do 10. to help improve the quality of their lives.?
参考答案：
【单句语法填空】
1.it
2.its
3.me/mine
4.others
5.it
6.other
7.that
8.neither
9.it
10.it
11.ones
12.those
13.it
14.both
15.him
【单句改错】
1.your改为my
2.yourself改为myself
3. your改为our
4.anything改为something
5. Neither改为None
【语篇语法填空】
1.which
2.have organized
3.smoking
4.to
5.talkative
6.cheerfully
7.laughter
8.unhappy
9.what
10.something
【正误比对】
误区之一 代词单复“数”的误用
【误】 The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to him.
【正】 The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
[分析] 指代复数名词the students应用复数代词them,故him改为them。句意:必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。
误区之二 代词词“格”的误用
【误】 It was a great privilege for I to be able to spend so much time with him down here.
【正】 It was a great privilege for me to be able to spend so much time with him down here.
[分析] 介词之后要用宾格代词作宾语,故I改为me。
句意:能跟他在这里相处这么久,对我真是莫大的幸运。
误区之三 反身代词与人称代词的误用
【误】 He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.
【正】 He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town.
[分析] 根据语境可知,此处表达“使他有别于其他人”而非“他自己”,故himself改为him。
误区之四 代词词“性”的误用
【误】 She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because he was worried about her husband's whereabouts.
【正】 She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because she was worried about her husband's whereabouts.
[分析] 根据语境可知,担忧丈夫的是主语she,故he改为she。
句意:电话铃一响,她就冲过去抓起听筒,因为她正担心着她丈夫的下落。
误区之五 功能词it的缺失和替代词的误用
(1)【误】 We think necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.
【正】 We think it necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.
[分析] 此句要用it代替不定式短语to make people fully aware of…充当形式宾语,故think后要加it。
句意:我们认为有必要让人们充分认识违反交通规则的危害。
(2)【误】 As you would expect, China's Internet looks different from it of America and Europe.
【正】 As you would expect, China's Internet looks different from that of America and Europe.
[分析] it特指同一事物,that特指单数同类事物,根据语境可知it应改为that。
句意:正如你预想的,中国的互联网看起来与美国和欧洲的不同。
误区之六 物主代词的误用
【误】 We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.
【正】 We took our fishing poles and headed for the lake.
[分析] 修饰名词fishing poles应用形容词性物主代词,故ours改为our。
【考点归纳】
考点一 it的使用规则
(1)指代作用:除了上面讲到的指代前面提到的同一个人或物外,还指代环境、情形;也可指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节、度量单位等;在不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时, 也可以用it来指代说话对象。
It is a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?
宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩?
(2)形式作用:it常用来代替不定式、从句、动名词作形式主语或形式宾语。
You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious.
你必须让他们清楚形势严峻。
[温馨提示]
①表示“喜欢;厌恶”等心理方面的动词后跟if/when等引导的从句时,常在从句前加it作形式宾语,常见的词有appreciate,like,love,dislike,hate等。
I'd appreciate it if you could teach me how to use the computer.
如果你能教我如何用电脑,我将不胜感激。
②请注意it的一些固定搭配,如:make it成功,确定时间为……;get it 明白了;when it comes to…当提到……等。
—When shall we meet again?
—Make it any day you like; it's all the same to me.
“我们下一次什么时候见面?”
“你喜欢哪天就哪天,对我来说都一样。”
考点二 替代词的使用规则
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
that 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词,指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those,相当于the ones
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为ones
those 指“the+名词复数(尤其在有后置定语时)”
①The book is more interesting than that/the one I read a few days ago.
这本书比我几天前读的那本更有趣。
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.
桌上的那些书比桌下的那些书要好。
②Helping others is a habit, one you can learn even at an early age.
帮助别人是一种习惯,一种在你小时候甚至就能学会的习惯。
Mr Li gave me many valuable presents, ones that I had never seen.
李先生给了我很多珍贵的礼物,这些是我从未见过的。
③Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldn't find it anywhere. So I had to buy one.
昨天我丢了钢笔,哪里也没找到,只好又买了一只。
考点三 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的使用规则
人称代词主格 I,you,he,she,it, we,you,they
人称代词宾格 me,you,him,her,it, us,you,them
形容词性物主代词 my,your,his,her,its, our,your,their
名词性物主代词 mine,yours,his,hers,its, ours,yours, theirs
反身代词 myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself, ourselves,yourselves,themselves
(1)人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
He told me what had happened.
他告诉我发生了什么。
(2)物主代词
形容词性物主代词只能作定语,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语。
Those strange ideas of yours can't be realized at all.
你的那些奇想根本没办法实现。
(3)反身代词有myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
①He was running so fast that he couldn't stop himself.
他跑得太快了,一下子停不下来。
②It would be better to rely on ourselves than on others. 与其求人,不如求己。
考点四 不定代词的使用规则
(1)any,every的区别
any every not any not every
(三个或三个以 上中)任何一个 (三个或三个
以上中)每一个 任何人/物都不
(全部否定) 并非每个
(部分否定)
①I have many books here, and you can take any one.
我这里有很多书,你可以拿任何一本。
②Every man dies, but not every man really lives.
每个人都会死去, 但不是每个人都会真正活出他的价值。
(2)复合不定代词的区别
某 任何 每个,所有 没有
人 someone/
somebody anyone/
anybody everyone/
everybody no one/
nobody
物 something anything everything nothing
①Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.
世上无难事,只怕有心人。
②Nobody can achieve anything of real significance unless he works very hard.
一个人要是不努力, 他就将一事无成。
(3)one,another,the other,some,others,the others的区别
一个/一些 另外一个/一些 剩余的一个/一些
单数 one another the other
复数 some others the others
[温馨提示] “another+基数词+复数名词” =“基数词+other+复数名词”。
①One was happy but the other was disappointed.
一人感到开心,另一人却感到失望。
②Some people like to stay at home on Sunday, while others like to go to the cinema.
一些人喜欢周日待在家里,而另一些人则喜欢去看电影。
③I felt so bad yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn't face another day like that.
昨天我感觉很糟,所以今天早上我决定不能再像那样面对一天了。
(4)all, both, either,any, neither, none的区别
都 任何一个 都不
(全部否定) 部分否定
两者 both either neither both+not
三者或 三者以上 all any none all+not
①There are trees on both sides/either side of the street. 在街的两旁都有树。
②All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses.
所有的马都是动物,但并不是所有的动物都是马。
③Because Henry and Mark had to work, neither of them came yesterday.
由于亨利和马克要上班,所以两人昨天都没来。
④They were all very tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.
他们都非常累,但没有一个想停下来休息。
【实战演练】
【单句语法填空】
1. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using every day.?
2. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by
(it) mother.?
3. “Oh, dear! It's (I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.?
4. An important quality in a neighbour is consideration for (other).?
5.Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said was a wonderful holiday destination. ?
6. To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .?
7. The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.?
8. She'd lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and moved to Cambridge.?
9. Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.?
10.I'd appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.?
11. We used to mistake that heavy objects fell faster than light (one).?
12. The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with
of nature.?
13. He said was not nice to eat meat with one's fingers because they were not always clean.?
14. A successful learner has a determined will and amazing patience.?
15. She did not hesitate for long:although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please (he).?
【单句改错】
1.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
2.At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
3.We must find ways to protect your environment.
4.My soccer coach retired last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.
5.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target.
【语篇语法填空】
I gain a lot of rewarding experiences from some social activities. Our local community Youth Club is a very popular organization with young people in my town. I have been a member for four years now and I've taken part in a lot of interesting projects, 1. include fun activities such as holiday camps and discos. We have organized sports competitions and we have even made a video.?
But it isn't all just enjoyment, we have also started doing social work to help people in our neighbourhood. We 2. (organize) activities for small children during the holidays. We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop 3. (smoke).?
We are particularly proud of the most recent group we have created. It organizes regular visits 4. the local old people's home. My class spent an afternoon at a home and everyone found the visit very rewarding. The old people there were 5. (talk) and they told us their personal stories 6. (cheer). During our visit, the home was filled with 7. (laugh).But we realized that life wasn't always easy.Some of them were in poor health and were very 8. (happy).?
Many young people like me do not live with our grandparents and we have little contact with elderly people. As a result, many young people don't know 9. they are like. After this visit, my friends and I decided that we should do 10. to help improve the quality of their lives.?
参考答案：
【单句语法填空】
1.it
2.its
3.me/mine
4.others
5.it
6.other
7.that
8.neither
9.it
10.it
11.ones
12.those
13.it
14.both
15.him
【单句改错】
1.your改为my
2.yourself改为myself
3. your改为our
4.anything改为something
5. Neither改为None
【语篇语法填空】
1.which
2.have organized
3.smoking
4.to
5.talkative
6.cheerfully
7.laughter
8.unhappy
9.what
10.something