定语从句精讲精练
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定语从句精讲精练
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，
汉语中常用“……的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,
句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.
a blue sea
a handsome boy
1. The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.
2. This is the city where I was born.
定 义：修饰名词或代词的从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。
关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的
连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。
定语从句:
关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):
1.who/whom(that)
2.which(that)
3..that不能放在介词的后面
4.whose=of which 或 of whom
5.as
关系词的作用:
1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分。
关系副词(作状语) :
1.where=介词+ which
2.when=介词+ which
3.why=for+which
关系词
一、关系代词
1. The number of people ____ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
A
1. who
作定从的主语/宾语
指人
作主语时不可省略
指代先行词
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
AB
2. whom
作定从的宾语
指人
可省略
指代先行词
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
3. Spielberg won a prize for a short film _____ he made.
A. which B. who C. / D. where
AC
3. which
作定从的主语或宾语
指物
作宾语可省略
指代先行词
一、关系代词
1. The number of people ____ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
A
1. who
作定从的主语/宾语
指人
作主语时不可省略
指代先行词
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
AB
2. whom
作定从的宾语
指人
可省略
指代先行词
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
3. Spielberg won a prize for a short film _____ he made.
A. which B. who C. / D. where
AC
3. which
作定从的主语或宾语
指物
作宾语可省略
指代先行词
4. It's about a big shark____ attacks swimmers ___ are spending their holidays in a small village.
A. where B. who C. that D. which E./
4. that
作定从的主语或宾语
指物或人
作宾语可省略
指代先行词
CD
BC
1. Do you know the date __________ Lincoln was born
A. Which B. on which C. when D. where
1. when
BC
作定从的时间状语
指时间,在从句中表示"在...时“
=in/on...+which
先行词为时间名词
2. The farm _____ we picked cotton was 90 kilometers away.
A. when B. where C. why D. on which
BD
2. where
作定从的地点状语
指地点,在从句中表示"在...地点"=in/on...+which
先行词为地点名词(situation, business, case, point, surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词)
3. I don't know the reason ____ he looks unhappy.
A. that B. why C. for which D. /
BC
3. why
作定从的原因状语
指原因,在从句中表示"因为...原因"=for which
先行词为reason
I disapprove the reasons ____ he came up with.
A. That B. why C. for which D. /
AD
因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语, 则只能用that/which
4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。
I don't like the way __________ he talked to his mother.
I don't like the way __________ he chose to do it.
A. that B. in which C. / D. how
ABC
AC
way
方式，
方法
1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者in which且可以略。
2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或which
2. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive )和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
1.Finish the attributive clauses below:
1) The lesson __________ we studied yesterday was hard to understand.
2) You can take any book ____ interests you best.
that
which / that
Practice
3) People like to live in a place _____ there’s fresh air and little noise.
4) The girl __________ you saw at the meeting is a well-known swimmer.
5) He is the very worker _____ picture we saw in the newspaper yesterday.
6) He was very happy on the day ______________ he entered the university.
where
whom / that
whose
on which
when /
7) I never really understand the reason ____ he made such a serious mistake.
8) Don’t read such books __ you cannot
understand.
9) Is that the student _______ you lent your dictionary
to whom
why
as
10) Is this the new novel __________ you have talked so much
11) The little hero, ___ has given his life
for his country, will always live in the heart of the people.
who
which / that
Try to find the attributive clauses in the Reading section on page 42-43 and tell their functions.
restrictive attributive clauses:
1. They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.
Practice
2. We shouldn’t be ashamed of the way we look, should we
3. This is really a touching story—a stranger who donated part of his liver to a girl he doesn’t even know!
1. My mother, whom you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.
2. I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.
non-restrictive attributive clauses:
3. Then the doctor found someone in your country, whose name is Li Dong, was an exact match for me.
4. It’s the same in China—many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.
Differences between the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses.
Ⅰ
限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的
部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。
非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明,去掉它也不
会影响主句的意思。
Compare:
The accident happened on March 1, 2006, which was my 18th birthday.
The accident happened on the day when I lost my job.
One herdsman,who looks after 800 sleep
at most, earns 650 yuan a year.
The herdsman you met yesterday earns
650 yuan a year.
Ⅱ
翻译方式不同,表达的意义也有差别.
限制性定语从句往往翻译在先行词前,
而非限制性定语从句可翻译成一个并
列的分句.
1) I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。
2) I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。
不只一位姐姐
只有一位姐姐
3. The magazines here which / that have nice pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。
4. The magazines here, which have nice pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。
杂志有两类以上
杂志只有一类
Ⅲ
关系代词的区别:
非限制性定语从句不可用that引导,其
它的和限制性定语从句一样
1.She sang a new song,
which we liked very much.
2.This is the house (which/ that )we
bought last month.
3.In the old days, when I was a little
boy, the city had no industry.
4.They will fly to Kunming, where they
plan to stay two or three days.
Ⅳ
在非限制性定语从句中,which不仅可指代前面主句中的先行词,还可指代整个句子.
限制性定语从句可以由关系代词,关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
2) I bought a car yesterday, which cost me a lot.
3)The lesson (which/that) we studied yesterday was hard to understand.
4)You can take any book which/that interests you best.
1. The famous basketball star, ___ comes from America, will visit our school soon.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black,with _____ she had a wonderful time.
3. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _____ was true.
which
whom
who
Practice
4. Xi’an, ______I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won’t be so busy.
6. The school, _____ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.
which
where
when
Ⅴ
1.as 和 which引导非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句的内容,在从句中作主语宾语和表语.非限制性定语从句位于句末时,二者一般可以互用(但选用which更好).
2. as 引导从句也可置于主句前或句中,常与see, know, guess, expect等动词搭配,
表示“正如---”，which与主句带有一种因果关系
1) She is a teacher, _______ is clear
from her manner.
2) David, _____ you know, is a teacher.
3)___ we have learned, the ocean covers
over 70% of the earth’s surface.
4)Bamboo is hollow, _______ makes it
very light.
as/ which
as
As
which
5) He invited me to dinner, ______made
me very happy.
6)She refused to take the medicine,
____ made her mother angry.
A. that B. and which
C. this D. and it
which
D
Ⅵ. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非限制性定语从句
Example:
He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match.
2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.
Conclusion
在非限制性定语从句中, 数词或代词如 two/all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。
1. Many students in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets.
2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.
whom
Correction:
them
3. Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad.
4. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman.
5. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.
which
which 或 all 前加and
whom
1. ① This is one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
② This is the very one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
A. which was B. that was
C. which were D. that were
B
D
Comparison
2. ① He has two sons, __ are college students.
② He has two sons, and __ are college
students. A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them D. both of it
C
B
3.① He still lives in the room __ window faces to the east.
② He still lives in the room, the window __ faces to the east.
③ He still lives in the room __ is in the north of the city.
④ He still lives in the room __ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. of which
C
A
D
B
4. ① ___ we all know, China is rich in
natural resources.
② ___ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
③ ___ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.
A. Which B. As C. It D. That
B
C
B
5.① Is this museum ___ he visited last month
② The teacher tells us that ___ cleans the blackboard is to be praised. A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who
B
D
Practice time
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ____, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
2. The English play, ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party ,was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
3. There were dirty marks on her trousers ____ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that
4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, ____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
5. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _____is often the case in other countries.. A. it B. that C. as D .so
6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
7. Mr. Smith will move into his new house next Sunday, ___ it will be completely finished. A. by the time B. on that time C. on which D. by which time
8. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ___ leading actor is world-famous
A .its B .it’s C. whose D. which
9. ─ Is there a department store around
___ I can get a birthday present for
my daughter ─ Yes, just across the street. A. here B which C. where D. it
10. Jiuzhaigou Valley is a most famous
place of interest,____ I will never
forget in my life. A. it B. that C. one D. what
20. The wrong you’ve done him is terrible, for___you should make
an apology t0 him.
A. this B. which C. what D. that
21. The old lady,____had been killed in the war,was given help by
the local government.
A. all her children B. all of her children
C. all of whose children D. whose all children
22.The favourite room is the tidy study with a fireplace,_____we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
20.The wrong you’ve done him is terrible,
for___you should make an apology t0 him , A.this B.which C.what D.that
21.The old lady,____had been killed in the
war,was given help by the local government.
A.all her children B.all of her children
Call of whose children D.whose all children
22.The favourite room is the tidy study with a fireplace,_____we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside.
A.where B.when C.that D.which
C
B
A
定语从句精讲精练
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，
汉语中常用“……的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,
句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.
a blue sea
a handsome boy
1. The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.
2. This is the city where I was born.
定 义：修饰名词或代词的从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。
关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的
连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。
定语从句:
关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):
1.who/whom(that)
2.which(that)
3..that不能放在介词的后面
4.whose=of which 或 of whom
5.as
关系词的作用:
1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分。
关系副词(作状语) :
1.where=介词+ which
2.when=介词+ which
3.why=for+which
关系词
一、关系代词
1. The number of people ____ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
A
1. who
作定从的主语/宾语
指人
作主语时不可省略
指代先行词
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
AB
2. whom
作定从的宾语
指人
可省略
指代先行词
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
3. Spielberg won a prize for a short film _____ he made.
A. which B. who C. / D. where
AC
3. which
作定从的主语或宾语
指物
作宾语可省略
指代先行词
一、关系代词
1. The number of people ____ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
A
1. who
作定从的主语/宾语
指人
作主语时不可省略
指代先行词
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
AB
2. whom
作定从的宾语
指人
可省略
指代先行词
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.
A. whom B. / C. which D. when
3. Spielberg won a prize for a short film _____ he made.
A. which B. who C. / D. where
AC
3. which
作定从的主语或宾语
指物
作宾语可省略
指代先行词
4. It's about a big shark____ attacks swimmers ___ are spending their holidays in a small village.
A. where B. who C. that D. which E./
4. that
作定从的主语或宾语
指物或人
作宾语可省略
指代先行词
CD
BC
1. Do you know the date __________ Lincoln was born
A. Which B. on which C. when D. where
1. when
BC
作定从的时间状语
指时间,在从句中表示"在...时“
=in/on...+which
先行词为时间名词
2. The farm _____ we picked cotton was 90 kilometers away.
A. when B. where C. why D. on which
BD
2. where
作定从的地点状语
指地点,在从句中表示"在...地点"=in/on...+which
先行词为地点名词(situation, business, case, point, surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词)
3. I don't know the reason ____ he looks unhappy.
A. that B. why C. for which D. /
BC
3. why
作定从的原因状语
指原因,在从句中表示"因为...原因"=for which
先行词为reason
I disapprove the reasons ____ he came up with.
A. That B. why C. for which D. /
AD
因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语, 则只能用that/which
4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。
I don't like the way __________ he talked to his mother.
I don't like the way __________ he chose to do it.
A. that B. in which C. / D. how
ABC
AC
way
方式，
方法
1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者in which且可以略。
2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或which
2. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive )和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
1.Finish the attributive clauses below:
1) The lesson __________ we studied yesterday was hard to understand.
2) You can take any book ____ interests you best.
that
which / that
Practice
3) People like to live in a place _____ there’s fresh air and little noise.
4) The girl __________ you saw at the meeting is a well-known swimmer.
5) He is the very worker _____ picture we saw in the newspaper yesterday.
6) He was very happy on the day ______________ he entered the university.
where
whom / that
whose
on which
when /
7) I never really understand the reason ____ he made such a serious mistake.
8) Don’t read such books __ you cannot
understand.
9) Is that the student _______ you lent your dictionary
to whom
why
as
10) Is this the new novel __________ you have talked so much
11) The little hero, ___ has given his life
for his country, will always live in the heart of the people.
who
which / that
Try to find the attributive clauses in the Reading section on page 42-43 and tell their functions.
restrictive attributive clauses:
1. They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.
Practice
2. We shouldn’t be ashamed of the way we look, should we
3. This is really a touching story—a stranger who donated part of his liver to a girl he doesn’t even know!
1. My mother, whom you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.
2. I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.
non-restrictive attributive clauses:
3. Then the doctor found someone in your country, whose name is Li Dong, was an exact match for me.
4. It’s the same in China—many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.
Differences between the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses.
Ⅰ
限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的
部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。
非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明,去掉它也不
会影响主句的意思。
Compare:
The accident happened on March 1, 2006, which was my 18th birthday.
The accident happened on the day when I lost my job.
One herdsman,who looks after 800 sleep
at most, earns 650 yuan a year.
The herdsman you met yesterday earns
650 yuan a year.
Ⅱ
翻译方式不同,表达的意义也有差别.
限制性定语从句往往翻译在先行词前,
而非限制性定语从句可翻译成一个并
列的分句.
1) I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。
2) I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。
不只一位姐姐
只有一位姐姐
3. The magazines here which / that have nice pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。
4. The magazines here, which have nice pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。
杂志有两类以上
杂志只有一类
Ⅲ
关系代词的区别:
非限制性定语从句不可用that引导,其
它的和限制性定语从句一样
1.She sang a new song,
which we liked very much.
2.This is the house (which/ that )we
bought last month.
3.In the old days, when I was a little
boy, the city had no industry.
4.They will fly to Kunming, where they
plan to stay two or three days.
Ⅳ
在非限制性定语从句中,which不仅可指代前面主句中的先行词,还可指代整个句子.
限制性定语从句可以由关系代词,关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
2) I bought a car yesterday, which cost me a lot.
3)The lesson (which/that) we studied yesterday was hard to understand.
4)You can take any book which/that interests you best.
1. The famous basketball star, ___ comes from America, will visit our school soon.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black,with _____ she had a wonderful time.
3. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _____ was true.
which
whom
who
Practice
4. Xi’an, ______I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won’t be so busy.
6. The school, _____ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.
which
where
when
Ⅴ
1.as 和 which引导非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句的内容,在从句中作主语宾语和表语.非限制性定语从句位于句末时,二者一般可以互用(但选用which更好).
2. as 引导从句也可置于主句前或句中,常与see, know, guess, expect等动词搭配,
表示“正如---”，which与主句带有一种因果关系
1) She is a teacher, _______ is clear
from her manner.
2) David, _____ you know, is a teacher.
3)___ we have learned, the ocean covers
over 70% of the earth’s surface.
4)Bamboo is hollow, _______ makes it
very light.
as/ which
as
As
which
5) He invited me to dinner, ______made
me very happy.
6)She refused to take the medicine,
____ made her mother angry.
A. that B. and which
C. this D. and it
which
D
Ⅵ. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非限制性定语从句
Example:
He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match.
2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.
Conclusion
在非限制性定语从句中, 数词或代词如 two/all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。
1. Many students in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets.
2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.
whom
Correction:
them
3. Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad.
4. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman.
5. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.
which
which 或 all 前加and
whom
1. ① This is one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
② This is the very one of the most interesting films ___ shown last week.
A. which was B. that was
C. which were D. that were
B
D
Comparison
2. ① He has two sons, __ are college students.
② He has two sons, and __ are college
students. A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them D. both of it
C
B
3.① He still lives in the room __ window faces to the east.
② He still lives in the room, the window __ faces to the east.
③ He still lives in the room __ is in the north of the city.
④ He still lives in the room __ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. of which
C
A
D
B
4. ① ___ we all know, China is rich in
natural resources.
② ___ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
③ ___ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.
A. Which B. As C. It D. That
B
C
B
5.① Is this museum ___ he visited last month
② The teacher tells us that ___ cleans the blackboard is to be praised. A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who
B
D
Practice time
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ____, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
2. The English play, ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party ,was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
3. There were dirty marks on her trousers ____ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that
4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, ____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
5. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _____is often the case in other countries.. A. it B. that C. as D .so
6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
7. Mr. Smith will move into his new house next Sunday, ___ it will be completely finished. A. by the time B. on that time C. on which D. by which time
8. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ___ leading actor is world-famous
A .its B .it’s C. whose D. which
9. ─ Is there a department store around
___ I can get a birthday present for
my daughter ─ Yes, just across the street. A. here B which C. where D. it
10. Jiuzhaigou Valley is a most famous
place of interest,____ I will never
forget in my life. A. it B. that C. one D. what
20. The wrong you’ve done him is terrible, for___you should make
an apology t0 him.
A. this B. which C. what D. that
21. The old lady,____had been killed in the war,was given help by
the local government.
A. all her children B. all of her children
C. all of whose children D. whose all children
22.The favourite room is the tidy study with a fireplace,_____we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
20.The wrong you’ve done him is terrible,
for___you should make an apology t0 him , A.this B.which C.what D.that
21.The old lady,____had been killed in the
war,was given help by the local government.
A.all her children B.all of her children
Call of whose children D.whose all children
22.The favourite room is the tidy study with a fireplace,_____we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside.
A.where B.when C.that D.which
C
B
A