Unit
3
The
world
of
science
课时作业(二) Using
language
必备知识基础练
进阶训练第一层
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
scenery
of
West
Lake
is
beautiful
________
(无法)
description.
2．The
Gold
Rush
was
one
of
the
most
________
(影响深远的)
events
in
California's
history.
3.
Shakespeare
is
not
only
a
great
playwright
but
also
a
________
(才华横溢的)
poet.
4．The
doctor
experimented
for
many
months
to
find
a
________
(疗法)
for
the
common
headache.
5．The
old
man
gave
the
police
an
________
(准确的)
description
of
the
thief.
6．I
suffered
from
________
(精神的)
illness
and
depression
when
I
was
younger,
and
it
totally
affected
my
teenage
years.
7．The
task
requires
________(非凡的)
patience
and
endurance。
8．His
________
(被动的)
attitude
made
things
easier
for
me.
9．I
have
this
________
(理论)
that
most
people
prefer
being
at
work
to
being
at
home.
10．Now
his
aim
is
to
be
a
________
(化学家)
and
make
a
breakthrough
in
the
area
of
chemistry.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In
this
simple
way
we
can
train
the
children
to
read
fluently
and
____________
(accurate)．
2．Darwin
thinks
that
____________
(nature)
selection
is
the
chief
factor
in
the
evolution
of
species.
3．It
has
helped
me
become
stronger,
both
____________
(mental)
and
physically.
4.
Professor
Wang
said
the
reason
of
shortsightedness
is
complicated
and
that
there
is
still
no
excellent
cure
____________
it.
5．It
is
said
that
he
is
____________
extraordinary
an
astronomer
as
his
grandfather.
6．The
number
of
those
who
were
killed
and
____________
(injure)
in
the
flood
reached
10,000.
7．The
____________
(origin)
Venice
Carnival
came
to
an
end
about
200
years
ago.
8．Up
to
now,
I
____________
(finish)
two?thirds
of
the
work.
9．It's
the
first
time
that
the
computer
____________
(check)
since
I
bought
it.
10．Great
changes
_____________
(take)
place
in
my
hometown
in
the
past
ten
years.
11．Since
your
work
_____________
(finish),
you
can
have
a
rest
now.
12．In
the
last
few
years
thousands
of
films
_____________
(produce)
all
over
the
world.
13．Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks,
no
agreement
_____________
(reach)
so
far
by
the
two
sides.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．They
haven't
yet
decided
how
to
solve
that
difficult
technological
problem.
→How
to
solve
that
difficult
technological
problem
________________
by
them
yet.
2．Hello
Kitty
has
made
billions
of
dollars
over
the
last
45
years.
→Billions
of
dollars
________________
by
Hello
Kitty
over
the
last
45
years.
3.
They
have
just
connected
the
printer
to
the
computer.
→The
printer
________________
to
the
computer.
4．People
have
sent
a
large
amount
of
food
to
the
disaster
area
since
the
flood
happened.
→A
large
amount
of
food
________________
since
the
flood
happened.
5．They
have
spent
large
quantities
of
money
in
bringing
up
the
three
children.
→Large
quantities
of
money
________________
in
bringing
up
the
three
children.
6．Have
you
found
ways
to
make
waste
water
clean?
→__________________
ways
to
make
wast
water
clean
________________
by
you?
7．We
have
planted
many
trees
on
the
hill
so
far.
→Many
trees
________________
on
the
hill
by
us
so
far.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．纸币已被使用了1000多年。
Paper
money
________________
for
over
one
thousand
years.
2．这些男孩们多次被告知不要在那个湖里游泳。
The
boys
________________
many
times
not
to
swim
in
that
lake,
but
it
doesn't
make
any
difference.
3．在新技术的帮助下，在过去的几年里越来越多的新物质被发现。
With
the
help
of
new
technology，more
and
more
new
substances
________________
in
the
past
years.
4.何时何地进行带薪休假还没有被确定。
When
and
where
to
go
for
the
on?salary
holiday
________________
yet.
5．我女儿被北京大学录取了，这让我们很自豪。
My
daughter
________________to
Peking
University,
which
makes
us
very
proud.
6．在过去的几年里，世界各地已经制作了数千部电影。
In
the
last
few
years,
thousands
of
films
________________________
all
over
the
world.
关键能力提升练
进阶训练第二层
Ⅰ.阅读
As
data
and
identity
theft
becomes
more
and
more
common,
the
market
is
growing
for
biometric
(生物测量)
technologies—like
fingerprint
scans—to
keep
others
out
of
private
e?spaces.
At
present,
these
technologies
are
still
expensive,
though.
Researchers
from
Georgia
Tech
say
that
they
have
come
up
with
a
low?cost
device
(装置)
that
gets
around
this
problem:
a
smart
keyboard.
This
smart
keyboard
precisely
measures
the
cadence
(节奏)
with
which
one
types
and
the
pressure
fingers
apply
to
each
key.
The
keyboard
could
offer
a
strong
layer
of
security
by
analyzing
things
like
the
force
of
a
user's
typing
and
the
time
between
key
presses.
These
patterns
are
unique
to
each
person.
Thus,
the
keyboard
can
determine
people's
identities,
and
by
extension,
whether
they
should
be
given
access
to
the
computer
it's
connected
to—regardless
of
whether
someone
gets
the
password
right.
It
also
doesn't
require
a
new
type
of
technology
that
people
aren't
already
familiar
with.
Everybody
uses
a
keyboard
and
everybody
types
differently.
In
a
study
describing
the
technology,
the
researchers
had
100
volunteers
type
the
word
“touch”four
times
using
the
smart
keyboard.
Data
collected
from
the
device
could
be
used
to
recognize
different
participants
based
on
how
they
typed,
with
very
low
error
rates.
The
researchers
say
that
the
keyboard
should
be
pretty
straightforward
to
commercialize
and
is
mostly
made
of
inexpensive,
plastic?like
parts.
The
team
hopes
to
make
it
to
market
in
the
near
future.
1．Why
do
the
researchers
develop
the
smart
keyboard?
A．To
reduce
pressure
on
keys.
B．To
improve
accuracy
in
typing.
C．To
replace
the
password
system.
D．To
cut
the
cost
of
e?space
protection.
2．What
makes
the
invention
of
the
smart
keyboard
possible?
A．Computers
are
much
easier
to
operate.
B．Fingerprint
scanning
techniques
develop
fast.
C．Typing
patterns
vary
from
person
to
person.
D．Data
security
measures
are
guaranteed.
3．What
do
the
researchers
expect
of
the
smart
keyboard?
A．It'll
be
environment?friendly.
B．It'll
reach
consumers
soon.
C．It'll
be
made
of
plastics.
D．It'll
help
speed
up
typing.
4．Where
is
this
text
most
likely
from?
A．A
diary.
B．A
guidebook.
C．A
novel.
D．A
magazine.
Ⅱ.七选五
Social
Media
Social
media
can
be
defined
as
web?based
and
mobile
media
that
are
used
for
people
to
interact,
connect
and
communicate
with
each
other.
It
often
involves
the
creation
and
sharing
of
content
(writings，pictures
and
videos)
that
people
make
themselves，mostly
through
the
Internet.
__1__
The
first
type
involves
people
getting
together
to
work
on
a
project，for
example，Wikipedia.
Blogs
and
microblogs
(such
as
Twitter)
are
another
type
of
social
media.
There
are
other
websites
like
YouTube
that
allow
people
to
share
content
such
as
pictures，articles
or
videos.
__2__
This
site
allows
people
to
stay
in
touch
with
friends，make
new
ones
and
join
communities.Facebook
is
an
example
of
this
type.
Many
people
like
to
play
games
on
the
Internet
and，yes，there
are
social
media
games
as
well.
These
games
allow
gamers
to
interact
with
each
other
and
play
with
or
against
other
gamers.__3__
The
final
type
of
social
media
is
websites
like
Second
Life，where
people
can
create
avatars
(化身)
and
use
and
create
objects，as
if
they
were
in
the
real
world.
Social
media
is
different
from
traditional
media.With
social
media，many
individual
people
create
content.
Another
difference
is
that
people
who
produce
content
in
social
media
don't
need
very
special
skills.__4__
It
takes
only
a
few
minutes
to
write
a
twitter
post，for
example.__5__
But
whatever
you
might
think，social
media
is
here
to
stay.
A．World
of
Warcraft
is
a
good
example.
B．And
social
media
content
can
be
produced
much
faster.
C．In
general，there
are
six
different
types
of
social
media.
D．Another
type
of
social
media
is
the
social
networking
site.
E．Some
people
think
social
media
is
good
and
some
think
it
is
bad.
F．In
traditional
media，people
need
special
skills
to
produce
something.
G．Social
media
is
one
of
the
fastest
growing
industries
in
today's
world.
Ⅲ.完形填空
When
I
heard
my
name
pronounced
by
the
teacher,
I
knew
what
lay
ahead.
She
called
me
to
the
whiteboard
to
__1__
a
long
division
(除法)
problem.
Math
was
my
__2__
subject.
When
doing
a
long
division
problem,
I
always
repeatedly
put
the
numbers
in
the
wrong
places，or
forgot
to
add
in
the
zeros.
As
I
__3__
the
whiteboard,
I
looked
at
the
blonde
haired
girl
next
to
me,
trying
to
copy
what
she
was
writing.
__4__
I
tried
my
best,
she
went
faster
than
I
could
understand.
Impossible
to
understand.
Why
me?
Why
couldn't
I
wrap
my
mind
around
this
strange
concept
that
all
the
other
kids
understood?
Why,
even
when
I
__5__
my
hardest
to
deal
with
the
division
problems?
Why?
Why?
I
__6__
back
salty
tears
and
wrote
some
numbers
randomly
(随便地)
on
the
board.
The
teacher
read
over
our
answers
silently.
“Now,
class,
Susie
did
this
problem
absolutely
correctly.”
“As
for
Tara，”
the
teacher
said,
__7__
her
eyes,
“Gosh,
I
don't
__8__
know
what
she
did.”
The
class
burst
into
laughter,
and
I
felt
my
face
turned
__9__
as
I
tried
to
sink
as
low
as
possible
into
my
seat,
hoping
to
__10__
them
from
seeing
me
at
all.
However,
after
class
my
teacher
wrote
me
a
note,
__11__，
“No
one
will
care
how
you
feel,
unless
you
__12__
yourself
to
succeed.”
This
memory
from
middle
school
is
the
most
impressive
and
the
only
one
I
can
remember.
The
experience
made
me
feel
stronger,
and
gave
me
__13__.
When
I
get
a
__14__
grade
in
school,
or
am
put
down
by
somebody,
I
think
of
that
moment
and
every
single
one
of
those
whys
that
I
asked
myself,
which
gives
me
the
willingness
to
__15__
all
of
those
whys
and
continue
until
perfection,
or
as
close
as
I
can
get.
1．
A.
find
B．do
C．make
D．examine
2．
A.
favorite
B．best
C．worst
D．last
3．
A.
moved
B．approached
C．used
D．returned
4．
A.
If
B．Unless
C．Though
D．Because
5．
A.
suggested
B．asked
C．admitted
D．tried
6．
A.
gave
B．went
C．held
D．cut
7．
A.
rolling
B．closing
C．focusing
D．opening
8．
A.
even
B．never
C．hardly
D．still
9．
A.
puzzled
B．annoyed
C．pale
D．red
10．A.
protect
B．judge
C．prevent
D．differ
11．A.
saying
B．writing
C．showing
D．persuading
12．A.
force
B．allow
C．forbid
D．hope
13．A.
determination
B．explanation
C．frustration
D．imagination
14．A.
big
B．bad
C．little
D．good
15．A.
get
B．answer
C．see
D．find
Ⅳ.语法填空
China
has
once
again
proved
its
1.________
(able)
to
change
the
world
with
the
“new
four
great
inventions”：high?speed
railways，electronic
payments,
shared
bicycles
and
online
shopping.
They're
related
to
China's
high?tech
innovation(创新),
2.________
has
improved
the
quality
of
people's
lives，according
to
a
survey
3.________
(make)
by
the
Belt
and
Road
Research
Institute
of
Beijing
Foreign
Studies
University.
“My
wallet
is
no
longer
in
use.
I
can
buy
and
eat
whatever
I
want
simply
with
a
fingertip
on
my
phone，”
said
4.________
university
student，adding
that
“even
pancake
sellers
are
using
mobile
payment”．
The
bikes
5.________
(them)
are
not
new，but
the
operating
model
of
bike?sharing
6.________
(base)
on
the
satellite
navigation
system，mobile
payment，big
data
and
other
high
technologies.
“China
has
entered
a
new
innovative
era,
thanks
to
the
large
amounts
of
capital
China
has
invested
in
7.________
(encourage)
innovation，”
said
Bernhard
Schwartlander，the
WHO
Representative
in
China.
“8.________
is
increasingly
clear
that
China
is
innovating
and
no
longer
copying
Western
ideas.
This
is
9.________
(especial)
true
in
mobiles，where
China
is
leading
in
many
ways
such
as...social
messaging
app
WeChat，”
she
said.
“This
is
partly
because
China
skipped
over
the
PC
era
and
went
directly
to
mobiles.
China
has
the
10.________
(large)
mobile
use
in
the
world.”
课时作业(二) Using
language
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．beyond 2.significant 3.brilliant 4.cure 5.accurate 6.mental
7．extraordinary 8.passive 9.theory 10.chemist
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．accurately 2.natural 3.mentally 4.for 5.as 6.injured
7．original 8.have
finished 9.has
been
checked 10.have
taken 11.was
finished 12.have
been
produced 13.has
been
reached
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．hasn't
been
decided 2.have
been
made 3.has
just
been
connected
4．has
been
sent
to
the
disaster
area 5.have
been
spent 6.Have；been
found 7.have
been
planted
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．has
been
used 2.have
been
told 3.have
been
discovered
4．hasn't
been
decided 5.has
been
admitted 6.have
been
produced
关键能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科研报道。文章叙述了来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。
1．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers
from
Georgia
Tech
say
that
they
have
come
up
with
a
low?cost
device
that
gets
around
this
problem：a
smart
keyboard.”以及第一段最后一句“At
present，these
technologies
are
still
expensive，though.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develop与come
up
with是同义词，expensive与low?cost是反义词，cut
the
cost与low?cost相呼应。
2．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These
patterns
are
unique
to
each
person.
Thus,
the
keyboard
can
determine
people's
identities...”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思，即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。
3．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话“The
team
hopes
to
make
it
to
market
in
the
near
future.”，该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hope呼应，答案选项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。
4．答案与解析：D 文章出处题。根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers
from
Georgia
Tech
say
that
they
have
come
up
with
a
low?cost
device...”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，low?cost
device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章对几种社交媒体进行了详细的介绍。
1．答案与解析：C 下文对几种社交媒体进行了详细的介绍，所以这里应该进行一个总的介绍，C项“一般而言，有六种不同的社交媒体形式。”符合语境。故选C。
2．答案与解析：D 根据下文中的“This
site
allows
people
to
stay
in
touch
with
friends，make
new
ones
and
join
communities.Facebook
is
an
example
of
this
type.”可知这里的意思是“另外一种社交媒体是社交网站”。故选D。
3．答案与解析：A 根据上文中的“Many
people
like
to
play
games
on
the
Internet
and,
yes,
there
are
social
media
games
as
well.
These
games
allow
gamers
to
interact
with
each
other
and
play
with
or
against
other
gamers.”可知这里在谈论电脑游戏，A项“《魔兽世界》就是一个很好的例子。”符合语境。故选A。
4．答案与解析：B 根据下文中的“It
takes
only
a
few
minutes
to
write
a
twitter
post，for
example.”可知这里指社交媒体的内容创作得很快，B项符合语境。故选B。
5．答案与解析：E 根据下文中的“But
whatever
you
might
think，social
media
is
here
to
stay.”可知这里在表达对社交媒体的看法，E项“有些人认为社交媒体是好的，有些人认为社交媒体是不好的。”符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者上中学时，因为在课堂上不会做题而被全班取笑，课后老师的一条留言鼓励了她，使作者在以后的求学中更加坚强，更有决心去克服困难，解决所有遇到的问题。
1．答案与解析：B 考查动词辨析。结合文意，老师叫“我”到白板上做(do)一道除法题。do
a
problem
为固定搭配，意为“做题；解决问题”。find
意为“发现”，make
意为“制作；使”，examine
意为“检查；调查”，均不符合文意。故选B项。
2.
答案与解析：C 考查形容词辨析。结合文章第一段最后一句“When
doing
a
long
division
problem,
I
always
...
put
the
numbers
in
the
wrong
places,
...
forgot
to
add
in
the
zeros.”可知，当做长除法题目的时候，“我”总是反复地把数字放在错误的地方，……忘记加零。由此推知，“我”不擅长数学，数学是“我”成绩最差(worst)的学科。favorite
意为“最喜欢的”，best
意为“最好的”，last
意为“最后的”，均不符合文意。故选C项。
3.
答案与解析：B 考查动词辨析。结合文章第一段第二句“She
called
me
to
the
whiteboard
to
...
a
long
division
(除法)
problem.”可知，“我”走近(approach)白板去写题目。move
意为“移动”，use
意为“使用”，return
意为“返回”，均不符合文意。故选B项。
4.
答案与解析：C 考查连词辨析。结合下文“Impossible
to
understand.”可知，尽管(though)“我”尽了最大的努力，“我”仍然不能明白她所写的，此处为让步状语从句。if
意为“如果”，unless
意为“除非”，because
意为“因为”，均不符合文意。故选C项。
5.
答案与解析：D 考查动词辨析。结合文章第二段第二句“...
I
tried
my
best,
she
went
faster
than
I
could
understand.”可知，为什么“我”竭尽全力(try)解决这些除法问题却还是做不出来。try
one's
hardest
为固定搭配，意为“尽某人最大的努力”。suggest
意为“建议”，ask
意为“问；咨询”，admit
意为“承认”，均不符合文意。故选D项。
6.
答案与解析：C 考查动词辨析。结合文意，“我”抑制住(hold)“我”的眼泪，随便在黑板上写了一些数字。hold
back
为固定搭配，意为“抑制；忍住”。give
back
意为“归还”，go
back
意为“追溯到”，cut
back
意为“减少；削减”，均不符合文意。故选C项。
7．答案与解析：A 考查动词辨析。结合文意，至于
Tara，老师转了(roll)一下眼珠说，“天哪，我……不知道她在写什么”。close
意为“闭上”，focus
意为“专注于”，open
意为“打开”，均不符合文意。故选A项。
8．答案与解析：A 考查副词辨析。结合句中的
Gosh
可知，老师对于
Tara
的所作所为持否定态度。故老师说“天哪，我甚至(even)不知道她在写什么”。even
表示加强语气。never
意为“绝不；永不”，hardly
意为“几乎不”，still
意为“仍然”，均不符合文意。故选A项。
9．答案与解析：D 考查形容词辨析。结合文章第六段“‘As
for
Tara，’
the
teacher
said,
...
her
eyes,
‘
Gosh,
I
don't
...
know
what
she
did.’”
可知，全班听到老师的话哄然大笑……，“我”感到自己的脸因为尴尬而变红(red)了。puzzled
意为“困惑的”，annoyed
意为“愤怒的”，pale
意为“苍白的”，均不符合文意。故选D项。
10．答案与解析：C 考查动词辨析。结合文章第六段“‘As
for
Tara，’
the
teacher
said,
...
her
eyes,
‘
Gosh,
I
don't
...
know
what
she
did.’”
可知，“我”希望能阻止(prevent)他们看到“我”，因为“我”此时感到十分羞愧。prevent
sb.
from
doing
sth.
为固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”。protect
意为“保护”，judge
意为“判断”，differ
意为“与……不同”，均不符合文意。故选C项。
11．答案与解析：A 考查动词辨析。结合文意，但是在下课之后，“我”的老师给我写了一张纸条，上面写着(saying)：没有人会在意你的感受，除非你……自己成功。say
常用于表示书信或者便条的内容，而非常见的“说”的释义。write
意为“写”，show
意为“展示”，persuade
意为“劝说；说服”，均不符合文意。故选A项。
12．答案与解析：A 考查动词辨析。结合文章最后一段第一句“This
...
from
middle
school
is
the
most
impressive
and
the
only
one
I
can
remember.”可知，但是在下课之后，“我”的老师给我写了一张纸条，……：没有人会在意你的感受，除非你强迫(force)自己成功。force
sb.
to
do
sth.
为固定搭配，意为“逼迫某人做某事”。allow
意为“允许”，forbid
意为“禁止”，hope
意为“希望”，均不符合文意。故选A项。
13．答案与解析：A 考查名词辨析。结合文意，这次经历让“我”更加坚强，并且让“我”下定决心(determination)。explanation
意为“解释”，frustration
意为“沮丧”，imagination
意为“想象”，均不符合文意。故选A项。
14．答案与解析：B 考查形容词辨析。结合文章第一段最后一句“When
doing
a
long
division
problem,
I
always
...
put
the
numbers
in
the
wrong
places,
...
forgot
to
add
in
the
zeros.”可知，当“我”在学校里的成绩差(bad)时，或者被别人羞辱的时候，“我”会想起那一刻。big
意为“大的”，little
意为“很少的；小的”，good
意为“好的”，均不符合文意。故选B项。
15．答案与解析：B 考查动词辨析。结合文章第一段最后一句“When
doing
a
long
division
problem,
I
always
...
put
the
numbers
in
the
wrong
places,
...
forgot
to
add
in
the
zeros.”可知，当“我”在学校里的成绩……时，或者被别人羞辱的时候，“我”会想起那一刻，想起“我”问自己成为这样的每一个缘由，这也让“我”去愿意去回答(answer)所有的为什么，并继续努力直到做到完美，或者尽可能接近完美。get
意为“得到”，see
意为“看”，find
意为“发现”，均不符合文意。故选B项。
Ⅳ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了中国正用“新的四大发明”来改变世界。
1．答案与解析：ability 考查名词。作proved的宾语，应用名词，所以填
ability。
2．答案与解析：which 考查非限制性定语从句。“2.________
has
improved
the
quality
of
people's
lives”作定语，修饰“China's
high?tech
innovation(创新)”，且有逗号隔开，所以“2.________
has
improved
the
quality
of
people's
lives”是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
3．答案与解析：made 考查非谓语动词。make与其逻辑主语a
survey之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语，故填made。
4．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。此处泛指“一位大学生”，且university的首字母发音是辅音音素，所以填不定冠词a。
5．答案与解析：themselves 考查反身代词。此处表示“自行车它们本身”，所以填themselves。
6．答案与解析：is
based 考查时态和语态。表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，且“the
operating
model
of
bike?sharing”与base之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且该句缺少谓语成分，所以填is
based。
7．答案与解析：encouraging 考查固定用法。介词in之后用v.?ing形式作宾语，所以填encouraging。
8．答案与解析：It 考查形式主语。“that
China
is
innovating
and
no
longer
copying
Western
ideas”为句子真正的主语，这里需要一个形式主语，所以填It。
9．答案与解析：especially 考查副词。修饰形容词true用副词，所以填especially。
10．答案与解析：largest 考查形容词的最高级。中国在世界上拥有最大的手机使用量。表示“最大的”，用最高级，所以填largest。
PAGEUnit
3
The
world
of
science
课时作业(三) Developing
ideas
&
Presenting
ideas
必备知识基础练
进阶训练第一层
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I'll
________
(起草)
an
agreement
according
to
today's
talks.
2．In
1776
the
colonies
signed
a
________
(声明)
of
independence.
3．The
researchers
designed
an
________
(实验)
to
test
students'
belief
in
willpower.
4．It
is
well
known
that
copper
________
(传导)
electricity
well.
5．To
be
honest,
I
am
not
________
(完全地)
in
favor
of
the
idea
of
the
“shared
makeup
room”．
6．You
should
follow
the
normal
________(程序)
or
you
will
go
wrong.
7．________
(金属)
products
and
paper
products
require
a
lot
of
energy
to
produce,
so
you
should
find
ways
to
use
these
again
without
throwing
them
away.
8．We
________
(贴)labels
to
things
before
we
file
them
away.
9．In
normal
condition,
there
is
a
________
(闪光)
of
lightning
followed
by
thunderstorms.
10．He
gave
a
detailed
________
(记述)
of
what
had
happened
that
night.
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
take
place,
apart
from,
be
attached
to,
on
no
account,
for
instance,
contribute
to
1．____________
should
the
house
be
left
unlocked.
2.
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
theater
has
____________
the
area's
economic
development.
3．____________
a
small
team
of
paid
staff,
the
organization
is
made
up
of
unpaid
volunteers.
4.
There
is
a
middle
school
which
____________
the
institute.
5．Great
men
have
often
risen
from
poverty，____________，
Lincoln
and
Edison.
6．The
plotlines
(主要情节)
of
cartoons
are
simple
and
they
often
____________
at
home
or
school.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．He
came
up
____________
the
idea
of
the
World
Wide
Web
in
1989
while
he
was
working
in
Switzerland.
2．It
is
said
that
body
language
accounts
____________
55
percent
of
a
first
impression
while
what
you
say
just
7
percent.
3．Following
is
____________
account
of
how
the
Long
March
came
about
and
ended
in
victory.
4．If
you
hadn't
spent
such
a
long
time
getting
dressed,
we
____________
(be)
there
by
now.
5．In
the
experiment
the
string
is
designed
____________(conduct)
electricity
when
it
is
wet.
6．The
couple
were
walking
in
the
woods
when
suddenly
a
branch
hit
the
wife
on
____________
head.
7．Tom
thinks
the
Olympics
would
help
make
____________
possible
for
people
of
all
countries
to
live
in
peace.
8．If
it
____________(rain)
tomorrow,
we
would
have
to
put
off
the
picnic.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我和他都不能够了解她。
Neither
he
nor
I
________________。
2．格林先生和他的妻子及孩子已经来到中国。
Mr
Green,
together
with
his
wife
and
children，________________.
3．假如你听了我的建议，你就不会在考试中不及格了。
If
you
________________，
you
would
not
have
failed
in
the
exams.
4．如果明天下雨，运动会就推迟。
If
it
were
to
rain
tomorrow,
the
sports
meeting
________________.
5．他是法国人，所以他既不能说也不能写汉语。
He's
French
so
he
can
________________
Chinese.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Benjamin
Franklin
was
one
of
the
Founding
Fathers
of
the
United
States.
Apart
1.________
being
a
successful
statesman,
he
was
also
a
2.________
(create)
scientist
and
inventor.
Benjamin
Franklin
3.________
(fly)
a
kite
during
a
storm
in
1752.
He
raised
the
kite
with
a
piece
of
string
4.________
(tie)
to
it.
A
metal
key
was
attached
to
the
string.
A
flash
of
lightning
hit
the
kite,
and
electricity
was
conducted
through
the
string
to
the
key.
Franklin
then
touched
the
key
and
got
5.________
electric
shock.
Generations
of
schoolchildren
have
been
amazed
by
his
6.________
(brave)
and
his
scientific
approach
to
7.________(look)
for
the
truth.
However,
new
research
suggests
that
the
story
may
be
fiction
instead
of
a
fact.
More
than
one
scientist
has
questioned
8.________
really
happened.
They
all
agree
that
if
Franklin
had
9.________
(actual)
touched
the
key,
he
would
certainly
have
died
from
the
electric
shock.
In
science,
facts
should
10.________
(prove)by
experiments
and
research,
and
we
should
not
always
believe
everything
we
read
or
hear—even
if
it
is
a
great
story.
关键能力提升练
进阶训练第二层
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Computers
have
become
so
smart
during
the
past
20
years
that
people
don't
think
twice
about
chatting
with
digital
assistants
like
Alexa
and
Siri.
But
that
required
hard
work
from
computer
scientists
like
Yoshua
Bengio,
Geoffrey
Hinton,
and
Yann
LeCun.
They
made
use
of
their
own
brainpower
to
make
it
possible
for
machines
to
learn
like
humans,
a
breakthrough
now
commonly
known
as
“artificial
intelligence”，
or
AI.
Their
insights
and
persistence
were
rewarded
with
the
Turing
Award,
an
honor
that
has
become
known
as
the
“Nobel
Prize
of
computing”.
The
award
marks
the
latest
recognition
of
the
important
role
that
artificial
intelligence
will
likely
play
in
redefining
(重新定义)the
relationship
between
humanity
and
technology
in
the
decades
ahead.
Over
the
past
30
years,
Mr.
Bengio,
Mr.
Hinton
and
Mr.
LeCun
have
mostly
worked
separately
on
technology
known
as
neural
(神经的)
networks.
These
are
electronic
engines
that
power
tasks
such
as
facial
and
speech
recognition,
and
areas
where
computers
have
made
huge
improvement
over
the
past
decade.
Such
neural
networks
are
also
a
key
part
of
robotic
systems
that
are
automating
a
wide
range
of
other
human
activities,
including
driving.
While
the
AI
revolution
is
raising
a
hope
that
computers
will
make
most
people's
lives
more
convenient
and
enjoyable,
it's
also
arousing
a
fear
that
humanity
eventually
will
be
living
at
the
mercy
of
machines.
Mr.
Bengio,
Mr.
Hinton
and
Mr.
LeCun
are
also
concerned
that
AI
technology
might
be
developed
into
weapon
systems
that
wipe
out
humanity.
But
they
are
far
more
optimistic
about
the
other
prospects
of
AI—empowering
computers
to
send
more
accurate
warnings
about
floods
and
earthquakes,
or
detecting
health
risks,
such
as
cancer
and
heart
attacks,
far
earlier
than
human
doctors.
1．Why
does
the
author
mention
Alexa
and
Siri
in
the
first
paragraph?
A．To
introduce
the
topic
of
AI.
B．To
stress
the
significance
of
computers.
C．To
distinguish
between
types
of
AI.
D．To
encourage
the
use
of
digital
assistants.
2．What
role
do
neural
networks
play
in
AI?
A．They
make
electronic
engines
work.
B．They
match
up
people's
faces
with
voices.
C．They
contribute
to
robotic
automation.
D．They
enable
humans
to
learn
like
machines.
3．Why
are
people
concerned
about
AI?
A．It
is
a
total
waste
of
money.
B．It
is
likely
to
bring
disasters
to
human
beings.
C．It
is
a
real
risk
to
public
health.
D．It
is
ineffective
in
forecasting
natural
disasters.
B
The
possibility
of
self?driving
robot
cars
has
often
seemed
like
a
futurist's
dream,
years
away
from
coming
into
reality
in
the
real
world.
Well,
the
future
is
apparently
now.
The
California
Department
of
Motor
Vehicles
began
giving
permits
in
April
for
companies
to
test
truly
self?driving
cars
on
public
roads.
The
state
also
cleared
the
way
for
companies
to
sell
or
rent
out
self?driving
cars,
and
for
companies
to
operate
driverless
taxi
services.
California,
it
should
be
noted,
isn't
leading
the
way
here.
Companies
have
been
testing
their
cars
in
cities
across
the
country.
It's
hard
to
predict
when
driverless
cars
will
be
everywhere
on
our
roads.
But
however
long
it
takes,
the
technology
may
change
our
transportation
systems
and
our
cities,
for
better
or
for
worse,
depending
on
how
the
transformation
is
managed.
While
much
of
the
debate
so
far
has
been
focused
on
the
safety
of
driverless
cars,
policymakers
should
be
talking
more
about
how
self?driving
cars
can
help
reduce
traffic
jams,
cut
emissions
(排放)
and
offer
more
convenient
and
affordable
choices
to
move
around.
The
arrival
of
driverless
cars
is
a
chance
to
make
sure
that
those
cars
are
environmentally
friendly
and
more
shared.
Do
we
want
to
copy
or
even
worsen
the
traffic
of
today
with
driverless
cars?
Imagine
a
future
where
most
adults
own
their
self?driving
cars.
They
accept
long,
slow
journeys
to
and
from
work
on
crowded
highways
because
they
can
work,
entertain
themselves
or
sleep
on
the
ride.
They
take
their
driverless
car
to
a
date
and
set
the
empty
car
to
circle
the
building
to
avoid
paying
for
parking.
Instead
of
walking
a
few
blocks
to
pick
up
a
child
or
the
dry
cleaning,
they
send
the
self?driving
minibus.
The
convenience
even
leads
fewer
people
to
take
public
transport—an
unwelcome
side
effect
researchers
have
already
found
in
ride?hailing
(网约车)
services.
Policymakers
should
start
thinking
now
about
how
to
make
sure
the
appearance
of
driverless
cars
doesn't
worsen
the
transportation
system
we
have
today.
The
coming
technological
development
presents
a
chance
for
cities
and
states
to
develop
transportation
systems
designed
to
move
more
people,
and
more
affordably.
The
car
of
the
future
is
coming.
We
just
have
to
plan
for
it.
4．What
can
we
learn
from
the
first
paragraph?
A．Self?driving
cars
are
not
allowed
in
the
real
world.
B．Driverless
taxis
will
be
seen
everywhere
on
the
road
in
a
short
term.
C．California
is
not
alone
in
testing
driverless
cars.
D．Self?driving
technology
will
definitely
benefit
transportation
system.
5．According
to
the
author,
policymakers
should
pay
more
attention
to
________.
A．how
driverless
cars
can
help
deal
with
transportation?related
problems
B．how
driverless
cars
can
travel
safely
C．how
driverless
cars
can
travel
faster
D．how
driverless
cars
can
move
more
people
6．What
is
a
possible
side
effect
of
self?driving
cars?
A．Journeys
to
and
from
work
become
longer.
B．More
and
more
people
abandon
public
transportation.
C．There
is
no
place
to
park
them.
D．They
may
result
in
traffic
jams.
7．What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A．Preparing
Cities
for
Robot
Cars
B．Future
Technology
Underway
C．Transportation
System
in
the
Future
D．Robot
Cars
on
the
Road
Ⅱ.七选五
Secret
codes
(密码)
keep
messages
private.
Banks,
companies,
and
government
agencies
use
secret
codes
in
doing
business,
especially
when
information
is
sent
by
computer.
People
have
used
secret
codes
for
thousands
of
years.
__1__
Code
breaking
never
lags(落后)
far
behind
code
making.
The
science
of
creating
and
reading
coded
messages
is
called
cryptography.
There
are
three
main
types
of
cryptography.
__2__
For
example,
the
first
letters
of
“My
elephant
eats
too
many
eels”
spell
out
the
hidden
message
“Meet
me”．
__3__
You
might
represent
each
letter
with
a
number,
for
example.
Let's
number
the
letters
of
the
alphabet,
in
order,
from
1
to
26.
If
we
substitute
a
number
for
each
letter，the
message
“Meet
me”
would
read
“13
5
5
20
13
5”．
A
code
uses
symbols
to
replace
words,
phrases,
or
sentences.
To
read
the
message
of
a
real
code,
you
must
have
a
code
book.
__4__
For
example,
“bridge”might
stand
for
“meet”
and
“out”
might
stand
for
“me”．The
message
“Bridge
out”
would
actually
mean
“Meet
me”.
__5__
However,
it
is
also
hard
to
keep
a
code
book
secret
for
long.
So
codes
must
be
changed
frequently.
A．It
is
very
hard
to
break
a
code
without
the
code
book.
B．In
any
language,
some
letters
are
used
more
than
others.
C．Only
people
who
know
the
keyword
can
read
the
message.
D．As
long
as
there
have
been
codes,
people
have
tried
to
break
them.
E．You
can
hide
a
message
by
having
the
first
letters
of
each
word
spell
it
out.
F．With
a
code
book，you
might
write
down
words
that
would
stand
for
other
words.
G．Another
way
to
hide
a
message
is
to
use
symbols
to
stand
for
specific
letters
of
the
alphabet.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese
kung
fu
is
a
1.________
(tradition)
Chinese
culture.
It
is
probably
one
of
the
2.________(early)
sports
that
use
both
strength
and
brain.
The
theory
of
kung
fu
is
based
3.________
classical
Chinese
philosophy.
Over
its
long
history
it
has
developed
as
a
unique
combination
of
exercise,
practical
self?defense,
self?discipline,
and
art.
It
can
date
back
to
ancient
times
4.________
people
used
sticks
to
fight
against
wild
animals
and
they
gradually
5.________
(gain)
experience
in
self?defense.
Chinese
kung
fu
is
a
large
system
of
theory
and
practice,
6.________
(combine)
techniques
of
self?defense
and
health?keeping.
In
sports
like
track
and
field
and
boxing,
an
athlete
7.________
(usual)
has
to
retire
from
full
participation(参与)
in
his
30s.
That
is
because
injuries
suffered
during
years
of
active
sport
participation
at
a
young
age
affect
our
ability
8.________
(continue)
exercising
in
later
life.
In
Chinese
kung
fu,
however,
a
difference
9.________
(make)
between
“external”
and
“internal”
kung
fu.
It's
said
that
in
external
kung
fu,
you
exercise
your
muscles,
bones
and
skin
10.________
in
internal
kung
fu,
you
train
your
spirit,
qi
and
mind.
So
the
external
body
weakens
later
in
life,
but
on
the
contrary,
internal
kung
fu
continues.
课时作业(三) Developing
ideas
&
Presenting
ideas
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．draft 2.declaration 3.experiment 4.conducts 5.entirely
6．procedure 7.Metal 8.attach 9.flash 10.account
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
1．On
no
account 2.contributed
to 3.Apart
from 4.is
attached
to
5．for
instance
6.take
place
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．with 2.for 3.an 4.would/should/could/might
be 5.to
conduct 6.the 7.it 8.rained
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.
am
able
to
understand
her 2.has
come
to
China 3.had
followed
my
advice 4.would
be
put
off 5.neither
speak
nor
write
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
1．答案与解析：from 考查介词。句意：除了是一位成功的政治家，他还是一个有创造性的科学家和发明家。apart
from“除了……外”。
2．答案与解析：creative 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词作定语。creative“有创造力的”。
3．答案与解析：flew 考查动词的时态。根据in
1752可知，此处应用一般过去时。
4．答案与解析：tied 考查with的复合结构。string与tie是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。
5．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。electric
shock“电击”，是可数名词，且electric以元音音素开头故填an。
6．答案与解析：bravery 考查名词。形容词性物主代词his后跟名词形式。bravery意为“勇敢”。
7．答案与解析：looking 考查非谓语动词。approach后的to为介词，所以答案为looking。
8．答案与解析：what 考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子成分可知“8.________
really
happened”为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故答案为what。
9．答案与解析：actually 考查副词。修饰动词用副词。
10．答案与解析：be
proved 考查被动语态。句意：在科学领域，事实应该用实验和研究来证明……。根据句意可知此处应用被动语态。
关键能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读
A
【语篇解读】 这是一篇科技类说明文。文章讲述了人工智能的成功开发、给人们带来的便利以及人们的顾虑。
1．答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据第一段第一句话中的“chatting
with
digital
assistants
like
Alexa
and
Siri”可知，Alexa和Siri为数字聊天助手。后面介绍了人工智能的概念，即使机器像人类一样学习。由此可知，作者在文章第一段提到Alexa和Siri是为了引入人工智能的话题。
2．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句话“Such
neural
networks
are
also
a
key
part
of
robotic
systems
that
are
automating
a
wide
range
of
other
human
activities,
including
driving.”可知，神经网络是机器人系统的重要部分，使一系列的人类活动实现自动化，即神经网络有助于机器人自动化。
3．答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“it's
also
arousing
a
fear
that
humanity
eventually
will
be
living
at
the
mercy
of
machines.”可知，人们对人工智能心存顾虑是因为担心人类最终会受机器的摆布，即担心机器可能会给人们带来灾难。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了加利福尼亚州正在进行无人驾驶汽车的测试，而且美国很多城市都进行了类似的测试。文章分析了无人驾驶汽车给交通带来的诸多好处，建议现代城市都要做好准备迎接这一新技术。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“California,
it
should
be
noted，isn't
leading
the
way
here.
Companies
have
been
testing
their
cars
in
cities
across
the
country.”可知，加利福尼亚在测试无人驾驶方面并不占先机，美国很多地方都已经测试了这类新型的交通工具。故选C。
5．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知A项正确。
6．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第五句“The
convenience
even
leads
fewer
people
to
take
public
transport—an
unwelcome
side
effect
researchers
have
already
found
in
ride?hailing
services.”可知无人驾驶汽车的便利让人们都不再乘坐公共交通工具了。故选B。
7．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据文章可知加利福尼亚州正在进行无人驾驶汽车的测试，而且美国很多城市都进行了类似的测试，分析了无人驾驶汽车给交通带来的诸多好处，建议现代城市要做好准备迎接这一新技术。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了密码的用途、历史以及三种密码方式。
1．答案与解析：D 过渡句。上句提到：人们使用密码已经几千年了。下句提到：密码的破解从未太落后于密码的设定。由此可知D项符合语境，意为“只要有密码，人们就会尽力去破解它们。”
2．答案与解析：E 过渡句。上句提到：有三种主要的密码设定方式。下句提到：例如，“My
elephant
eats
too
many
eels”的首字母就拼出了“Meet
me”这一隐藏起来的信息。由此可知本句应该为一种密码的设定方式，根据下句举到的例子，可知E项正确，意为“你可以用每个单词的首字母拼写出一条信息，以此来隐藏它。”
3．答案与解析：G 主旨句。上段指出有三种主要的密码设定方式，上段已经提到了一种，本段应该指出另外一种。下文举例说明了用数字来代替字母的密码方式，由此可知G项能起到统领本段的作用，意为“另外一种隐藏信息的方式就是用符号来代替字母表中特定的字母。”
4．答案与解析：F 细节句。上句指出：要解读某个真实密码的信息，你必须要有密码本。本句是对上句的解释说明，结合下文举到的例子，可推断出本句主要解释如何利用密码本来破解隐藏起来的信息。F项符合语境，意为“拥有了密码本，你也许就能写出代表其他单词的单词。”
5．答案与解析：A 细节句。上文指出了利用密码本来破解密码的方式。A项是总结上文内容得出的结论，意为“没有密码本就很难破解密码”，而且根据下句“...it
is
also
hard
to...”的句型结构也可得知A项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国功夫。中国功夫是一种传统的中国文化。它可能是最早的同时使用力量和脑力的运动之一。
1．答案与解析：traditional 考查形容词。句意：中国功夫是一种传统的中国文化。此处应用形容词修饰名词，故答案为traditional。
2．答案与解析：earliest 考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the可知，此处指中国功夫可能是最早的同时使用力量和脑力的运动之一。故用early的最高级earliest。
3．答案与解析：on/upon 考查固定搭配。句意：功夫的理论是以中国古典哲学为基础的。be
based
on/upon以……为基础，故答案为on/upon。
4．答案与解析：when 考查定语从句。句意：功夫可以追溯到古代，那时人们用棍子与野生动物搏斗，他们逐渐获得了自卫的经验。此处times是先行词，设空处在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。
5．答案与解析：gained 考查动词的时态。根据空前的ancient
times和used可知，此处讲述的是古代的情况，故用一般过去时，故答案为gained。
6．答案与解析：combining 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国功夫是一个庞大的理论和实践系统，结合了自卫和养生的技巧。Chinese
kung
fu和combine之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故此处应用动词?ing形式作状语，故答案为combining。
7．答案与解析：usually 考查副词。此处指在田径和拳击等运动中，运动员通常在30多岁时就必须退役。此处用副词修饰动词，故答案为usually。
8．答案与解析：to
continue 考查非谓语动词。句意：那是因为年轻时多年积极参加体育运动所受的伤害影响了我们在以后的生活中继续锻炼的能力。“8.________
(continue)
exercising
in
later
life.”作ability的定语，故应用动词不定式。the
ability
to
do
sth.意为“做某事的能力”。
9．答案与解析：is
made 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，在中国功夫中，“外”功夫和“内”功夫是有区别的。此处叙述客观事实，故句子用一般现在时；且句子主语a
difference和make之间是被动关系，故答案为is
made。
10．答案与解析：while 考查连词。空前讲的是“外”功夫，空后讲的“内”功夫，故前后之间是转折关系，表示轻微的对比，故应填while。
PAGEUnit
3
The
world
of
science
课时作业(四) Writing
必备知识基础练
进阶训练第一层
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In
any
unsafe
situation,
simply
________(按)
the
button
and
a
highly?trained
agent
will
get
you
the
help
you
need.
2．The
guards
were
ordered
to
________(放射)
on
sight
anyone
trying
to
escape.
3．He
is
perfectly
________(有能力的)
of
finishing
the
work
by
himself.
4．I
have
no
________(欲望)
to
discuss
the
matter
further
with
you.
5．Blind
children
tend
to
be
more
________(被动的)
in
this
area
of
motor
development
than
sighted
children.
6．The
beauty
of
the
West
Lake
is
entirely
________(无法)
expression.
7．In
a
recent
study，Professor
Betsy
Sparrow
performed
some
________
(实验)．
8．She
is
suffering
from
physical
and
_________(精神的)
illnesses.
9．This
kind
of
material
________(传导)
heat
well.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Technological
advances
mean
more
information
can
be
delivered
online
rapidly
and
____________
(flexible)．
2．A
year
later
I
found
out
the
true
____________
(significant)
of
the
name.
3．The
test
can
____________
(accurate)
predict
what
a
bigger
explosion
would
do.
4．We
read
the
____________
(declare)
posted
on
the
board.
5．Schools
are
supposed
to
attach
more
importance
____________
students'
physical
training.
6．In
this
situation，a
liver
transplant(肝脏移植)
may
be
the
only
cure
____________
liver
failure.
7．How
many
cars
____________
(produce)
in
the
factory
since
1990?
8．Three
new
schools
____________
(open)
in
our
city
in
the
past
five
years.
9．Neither
I
nor
he
____________
(be)
to
blame.
10．She
along
with
her
friends,
____________
(like)
shopping.
关键能力提升练
进阶训练第二层
Ⅰ.阅读
Someday,
umbrellas
may
do
more
than
just
keep
people
dry.
A
researcher
in
the
Netherlands
has
designed
a
simple
sensor(传感器)
that
“listens”
to
rain.
And
that
sensor
can
turn
an
umbrella
into
a
rain?measuring
expert.
Tools
like
this
can
let
anyone
gauge
the
weather.
That
can
help
scientists
make
sure
that
satellites
and
radar(雷达)
systems
that
track
storms
are
doing
a
good
job.
“Rain
radar
is
a
beautiful
way
of
seeing
where
rainfall
is
up
in
the
air.
But
you
never
know
where
it
hits
the
ground，”
says
Rolf
Hut.
He
designed
the
umbrella
sensor.
Researchers
want
to
know
how
much
rain
makes
it
to
the
planet's
surface.
Not
all
rain
that
falls
from
a
cloud
reaches
the
ground.
And
it
can
be
difficult
for
radar
and
satellites
to
measure
that
rain,
particularly
in
cities.
A
host
of
big
buildings
can
change
how
air
and
rain
move
during
a
storm.
“It
also
explains
why
a
single,
expensive
sensor—the
kind
that
might
be
found
at
an
official
weather
station—won't
give
accurate
citywide
data，”
Hut
says.
But
by
putting
a
low?cost
rain
measuring
tool
into
people's
hands,
scientists
can
learn
more
about
how
much
rainfall
differs
in
these
and
other
hard?to?measure
places.
On
the
inside
of
the
umbrella
is
a
small,
yellow
disk
(磁盘).
It
is
the
rainfall
sensor.
The
sensor
is
attached
to
a
black
Bluetooth
headset
that
sends
the
collected
data
to
a
smartphone.
Hut
came
up
with
the
idea
to
stick
the
same
type
of
sensor
on
an
umbrella
when
he
was
talking
to
kids
about
science.
He
showed
them
a
photo
of
a
policeman
who
was
holding
an
umbrella
and
talking
to
a
crowd
into
a
microphone.
Why
not
put
the
two
together?
He
thought
it
could
make
a
cool
rainfall
sensor.
When
the
data
of
a
storm
came
through,
Hut
compared
the
umbrella's
new
“ear”
for
rain
to
official
rain
measuring
equipment.
And
to
his
delight,
he
found
the
umbrella's
measurements
were
pretty
good.
His
next
step
is
to
improve
the
umbrella
sensor
to
be
more
accurate.
1．The
purpose
of
this
passage
is
to________.
A．promote
a
unique
umbrella
B．inform
us
of
a
new
invention
C．make
readers
interested
in
science
D．praise
a
researcher
for
his
invention
2．The
underlined
word
“gauge”
in
Paragraph
2
most
probably
means
“________”．
A．change
B．control
C．measure
D．sense
3．Why
can
it
be
hard
for
official
weather
stations
to
measure
the
rain
in
cities?
A．Their
collected
data
cannot
be
sent
to
smartphones.
B．They
are
lacking
in
weather
measuring
equipment.
C．Rainfall
differs
hugely
depending
on
various
areas.
D．Big
buildings
influence
the
move
of
air
and
rain.
4.What
do
we
know
about
Hut's
new
invention?
A．Hut
is
not
satisfied
with
his
new
invention
at
all.
B．Hut's
invention
is
something
useful
but
expensive.
C．Hut
will
pay
more
attention
to
the
accurancy
of
the
sensor.
D．A
policeman
in
the
rain
helped
Hut
with
the
invention.
Ⅱ.七选五
In
the
spring
and
summer
months,
thunderstorms
are
common.
__1__.
In
thunderstorms,
lightning
can
strike
(击中)
people
and
buildings
and
is
very
dangerous.
It
was
reported
that
a
man
was
struck
by
lightning
when
he
was
making
a
phone
call
under
a
tree
and
died
at
once.
You
may
not
know
it,
but
nearly
1,800
thunder
storms
are
happening
at
any
moment
around
the
world.
__2__.
So
what
should
you
do
during
a
lightningstorm?
Scientists
say
that
a
person's
chances
of
being
struck
by
lightning
are
1
in
600,000.
__3__.
If
you
are
indoors
during
a
thunderstorm：
Stay
away
from
anything
that
is
metal
because
lightning
can
come
into
the
house
through
it.
Don't
stand
near
the
windows.
Don't
take
a
shower
or
bath.
Lightning
can
travel
through
water.
Never
use
the
phone.
__4__.
If
you
are
caught
in
a
thunderstorm
outdoors：
__5__.
If
there's
no
building
around,
try
to
find
a
low
place
to
stay
in.
Do
not
go
under
a
tree
because
lightning
could
hit
the
tree
and
travel
through
the
tree
to
hit
you.
Also
never
use
a
cell
phone.
A．Try
to
get
home
as
soon
as
possible
B．Go
into
a
nearby
building
right
away
C．But
it
is
very
important
for
us
to
learn
about
lightning
D．In
fact,
many
people
are
killed
by
lightning
every
year
E．Lightning
could
travel
through
the
phone
line
and
hit
you
F．Since
they
happen
often,
some
people
don't
take
them
seriously
G．But
you
can
reduce
those
chances
by
following
these
safety
rules
Ⅲ.语法填空
Two
new
satellites
of
the
BeiDou
Navigation
(导航)
Satellite
System
(BDS)
1.________(send)
into
space
on
a
Long
March?3B
carrier
rocket
from
the
Xichang
Satellite
Launch
Centre
in
Sichuan
Province,
China
at
2：07
a.
m.
on
November
19,
2018.
The
satellites
entered
a
Medium
Earth
orbit
2.________
(safe)
more
than
three
hours
later
and
will
work
with
17
other
BDS?3
satellites
already
in
space.They
are
also
the
42nd
and
43rd
3.________
(member)
of
the
BDS
satellite
family.
China
launched
these
satellites
with
4.________
aim
of
providing
navigation
services
for
countries
and
regions
which
participate
in
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative
(倡议)
by
the
end
of
2018.
“This
is
a
key
step
for
BDS
developing
5.________
a
Chinese
experimental
system
to
a
regional
and
then
a
6.________
(globe)
navigation
system,
said
Yang
Changfeng,
chief
designer
of
the
BeiDou
system.
“The
positioning
7.________
(accurate)
of
the
BDS?3
system
has
been
improved
to
2.5
metres
to
5
metres，”
said
Yang.
8．________
(name)
after
the
Chinese
term
for
the
Plough,
the
BeiDou
system
has
been
serving
China
for
18
years
9.________
another
six
BDS?3
satellites
will
be
put
into
the
Medium
Earth
orbit
from
2019
to
2020.
The
system
is
expected
10.________
(provide)
first?class
services
around
the
globe
by
the
end
of
2020.
Ⅳ.写作(共两节)
第一节 应用文写作
假定你是光明中学的李华，请根据以下要点向你的美国笔友Tom写一封英文信，介绍你校刚刚建成的实验室和同学们上实验课的情况。内容包括：
1.实验室设备齐全、先进；
2.老师非常优秀，实验课生动、有趣、有意义；
3.同学们动手动脑，积极活跃；观察和实践能力迅速提高。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear
Tom，
How
are
you
going?
Now
I'm
writing
to
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li
Hua
第二节 概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As
adults
we
realize
that
there
are
differences
involving
boys
and
girls.
One
huge
difference
between
boys
and
girls
is
motion
(运动).
Boys
tend
to
move
from
the
minute
they
are
born.
Girls
will
focus
on
a
person's
face,
but
a
boy
on
the
other
hand
likes
to
focus
on
movement.
Because
boys
are
more
likely
to
be
in
motion,
they
are
more
likely
to
harm
themselves,
so
I
guess
boys
really
will
be
boys.
It
appears
that
girls
are
smarter
than
boys
when
they're
babies
and
toddlers
(学步的儿童).
Even
once
they
start
school,
girls
appear
to
learn
faster.
Girls
aren't
smarter;
they
just
have
much
more
concentration
when
they
are
younger.
The
motion
that
baby
boys
show
from
birth
stays
with
them
through
being
a
toddler
and
in
their
early
school
years.
That's
why
girls
seem
to
hit
their
milestones
quicker
than
boys.
Boys
will
have
more
concentration
as
they
get
older,
and
quickly
catch
up
in
those
later
school
years.
The
concentration
factor
might
clarify
why
boys
appear
much
less
fearful
than
girls.
When
we
explain
issues
to
little
girls,
they
listen
better.
And
when
we
clarify
things
with
greater
details,
they
have
a
greater
understanding
of
what
could
occur.
Small
boys
don't
focus
as
girls,
so
they
aren't
obtaining
the
full
reason
why
they
ought
not
to
do
something.
Due
to
the
lack
of
information
they
appear
to
take
greater
risks.
With
all
of
that
being
said,
bear
in
mind
each
boy
and
each
girl
is
unique
and
goes
through
many
stages.
For
instance
a
girl
who
played
with
trucks
and
loved
sports,
might
grow
up
to
be
a
supermodel
or
the
next
Martha
Stewart.
The
little
boy,
who
used
to
love
to
play
dolls'
house,
can
become
the
best
quarterback
in
the
National
Football
League,
or
a
corporate
giant.
Children
go
through
several
stages
in
life.
Encourage
them
to
be
who
they
are
and
try
to
rid
yourself
of
who
you
believe
they
should
be.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
课时作业(四) Writing
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．press 2.shoot 3.capable 4.desire 5.passive 6.beyond
7．experiments 8.mental 9.conducts
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．flexibly 2.significance 3.accurately 4.declaration 5.to 6.for
7．have
been
produced 8.have
been
opened 9.is
10.likes
关键能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项发明，发明者将能够“听”雨的传感器放入雨伞内，这样这把伞就可以测量降雨量了。
1．答案与解析：B 考查写作目的。根据全文内容尤其是第一段中的“A
researcher
in
the
Netherlands
has
designed
a
simple
sensor(传感器)that
‘listens'
to
rain”可知，文章主要介绍了一项发明，发明者将能够“听”雨的传感器放入雨伞内，这样这把伞就可以测量降雨量了。
2．答案与解析：C 考查词义猜测。由第一段中的“that
sensor
can
turn
an
umbrella
into
a
rain?measuring
expert”可知，这个传感器能将雨伞变成一个测量降雨量的专家，也就是说这样的工具能帮助人们测量天气。故应选C项。
3．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。由第四段中的“A
host
of
big
buildings
can
change
how
air
and
rain
move
during
a
storm.”可知，在城市中，大片的高楼能够改变空气和雨的活动。这也就是官方的天气预报站难以精确地测量城市中的降雨量的原因。
4．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。由文章最后一句可知，Hut将会改善传感器使其更精准，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了雷暴的危害以及几条关于减少雷暴伤害的安全措施。
1．答案与解析：F 空处承接上文，根据空前的“In
the
spring
and
summer
months，thunderstorms
are
common.”可知，在春季和夏季，雷暴是常见的。综合选项可知，F项“因为雷暴时常发生，所以一些人并不重视”入选。F项中的“happen
often”照应上文中的“common”。
2．答案与解析：D 由上文中的“but
nearly
1,800
thunderstorms
are
happening
at
any
moment
around
the
world”可知，但是世界上随时都有将近1
800次雷暴发生。而空后及接下来的内容是应对雷暴天气的安全措施，故空处要介绍的是雷暴对人类造成的危害，故D选项入选。
3．答案与解析：G 空处承上启下，根据下文中介绍减少雷暴伤害的安全措施可知，本空引出下文中的措施，故G项“但是通过遵守以下这些安全条例，你可以降低(被闪电击中的)可能性”入选。
4．答案与解析：E 根据“Never
use
the
phone.”可知，在雷暴天气时，你在屋内不能用电话，故接下来要说用电话带来的危害。故E项符合语境。
5．答案与解析：B 根据空后的“If
there's
no
building
around，try
to
find
a
low
place
to
stay
in.”可知，如果附近没有建筑，那就找个低矮的地方，待在那里。分析选项可知B项承接下文，告诉我们在室外遭受雷暴时，要马上进入附近的建筑内。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了北斗卫星导航系统的信息以及两颗卫星的发射升空让北斗卫星导航系统更加完善。
1．答案与解析：were
sent 考查动词的时态和语态。两颗北斗卫星导航系统的卫星在2018年由长征三号乙运载火箭送入太空。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，send与主语为动宾关系，陈述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态were
sent。
2．答案与解析：safely 考查副词。句意：这两颗卫星三个多小时后成功进入中地球轨道，并将与其他17颗BDS?3卫星在太空中协同工作。修饰动词应用副词，故用safely。
3．答案与解析：members 考查名词。句意：它们也是北斗卫星导航系统的第42和第43颗卫星。根据the
42nd
and
43rd可知，本空应用名词复数形式members。
4．答案与解析：the 考查定冠词。中国发射这些卫星的目的是为加入“一带一路”倡议的国家和地区提供导航服务。with
the
aim
of意为“目的是……”，故本空应用定冠词the。
5．答案与解析：from 考查介词。句意：这对于北斗卫星导航系统从中国的一个实验系统发展成为一个区域性的系统，再到全球性的导航系统来说是关键的一步。分析句子可知，此处的结构为“from...to”，故用from。
6．答案与解析：global 考查形容词。句意：这对于北斗卫星导航系统从中国的一个实验系统发展成为一个区域性的系统，再到全球性的导航系统来说是关键的一步。本空修饰名词system，故应用形容词global“全球的”。
7．答案与解析：accuracy 考查名词。句意：BDS?3系统的位置精确性已经提高到了2.5米至5米。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，故用名词accuracy“准确性”。
8．答案与解析：Named 考查非谓语动词。句意：以北斗七星的汉语名称命名的北斗卫星导航系统已经服务中国18年了……。分析句子结构可知，逗号前的内容作状语，name与其逻辑主语the
BeiDou
system为逻辑上的动宾关系，且位于句首，故本空应用过去分词Named。
9．答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。句意：……另外六颗BDS?3卫星将于2019年至2020年进入中地球轨道。分析句子结构可知，“another
six
BDS?3
satellites
will
be
put
into
the
Medium
Earth
orbit
from
2019
to
2020”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
BeiDou
system，从句缺少状语，故用关系副词where。
10．答案与解析：to
provide 考查动词不定式。句意：这个系统预计到2020年底为全球提供一流的(导航)服务。expect...to
do
sth.意为“预计……做某事”，故本空应用不定式to
provide。
Ⅳ.写作(共两节)
第一节：
参考范文：
Dear
Tom，
How
are
you
going?
Now
I'm
writing
to
introduce
our
new
lab
to
you.
The
new
lab
is
equipped
with
all
kinds
of
advanced
laboratory
facilities.
Our
teachers
who
teach
us
physics
and
chemistry
are
very
excellent.
They
always
make
classes
lively,
interesting
and
meaningful.
And
the
students
always
listen
carefully,
think
deeply
and
practice
actively
according
to
the
teachers'
instructions.
So
our
abilities
of
observing
and
practicing
improve
rapidly.
As
students，every
one
of
us
should
treasure
the
beneficial
conditions
and
make
good
use
of
our
lab
to
help
us
study.
Yours，
Li
Hua
第二节：
参考范文：
There
are
differences
between
boys
and
girls
the
minute
they
are
born,
of
which
one
huge
difference
is
motion.
(要点
1)
Girls
are
more
likely
to
concentrate
so
they
appear
to
learn
faster
when
they
are
younger.
(要点2)
Boys
are
less
fearful
and
tend
to
take
greater
risks
due
to
lack
of
concentration.
(要点3)
Whatever
the
differences,
each
child
is
unique
and
well
worth
encouraging.(要点4)
PAGEUnit
3 The
world
of
science
课时作业(一) Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
必备知识基础练
进阶训练第一层
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When
he
came
into
the
house,
Drago
________
(按)
a
button
and
the
door
closed.
2．Suddenly,
a
white
light
________
(射出)
towards
my
eyes,
and
I
could
see
nothing.
3．5G
is
also
expected
to
connect
self?driving
cars
and
support
new
technologies
involving
________
(虚拟的)
reality.
4．It
asks
you
to
act
like
water—to
be
________
(柔韧的)
as
well
as
strong.
5．He
has
a
________
(渴望)
for
success
though
he
has
failed
many
times.
6．I
left
my
car
lights
on
all
night
and
now
the
________
(电池)
is
flat.
7．Smokejumpers
must
also
be
________
(有能力的)of
surviving
in
the
wilderness.
8．Could
you
move
all
that
________
(东西)off
the
table?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In
addition
to
____________
(give)
a
general
introduction
to
computers,
the
course
also
provides
practical
experience.
2．Dogs
seem
to
understand
our
needs
and
have
a
desire
____________
(help)
us
out.
3．The
word
is
____________
(flexible)
than
you
think
and
it's
waiting
for
you
to
hammer
it
into
shape.
4．The
hall
is
capable
____________
holding
about
three
hundred
people.
5．In
her
diary,
Jane
has
set
down
some
important
historic
events
as
well
____________
a
series
of
facts.
6．It
is
believed
that
it
is
his
ability
to
work
under
____________
(press)
that
led
to
his
great
success.
7．He
felt
he
could
really
start
looking
for
the
day
when
he
could
turn
his
dream
into
a
____________
(real)．
8．When
the
Snow
White
came
to
herself，she
found
____________
(she)
surrounded
by
seven
dwarves.
9．Jenny
as
well
as
her
parents
____________
(be)
very
kind
to
me.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．我建议她尽快回家，因为天渐渐黑了。
I
suggested
that
she
________________
as
soon
as
possible
as
it
was
getting
dark.
2．他的微笑表明他对我们的工作满意。
His
smile
suggested
that
he
________________
our
work.
3．毫无疑问，《玩具总动员4》是迄今为止我所看过的最感人的电影。
________________
Toy
Story
4
is
the
most
moving
film
I
have
ever
seen.
4．他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
________________
was
still
a
problem.
5．抵达时，我们发现他正在机场等着我们。
When
arriving,
we
________________
at
the
airport.
6．他到家时，发现家里被偷了。
When
he
arrived
home,
he
________________.
7．最后，我们照了一张合影，手里拿着杯子或茶，来记录这次难忘的经历。
In
the
end,
we
took
a
group
photos，________________，
to
record
this
unforgettable
experience.
8．我的经历告诉我，不是你被给予了什么而是你如何利用它决定着你是谁。
My
experience
tells
me
that
________________
you
are
given
but
how
you
make
use
of
it
________________
determines
who
you
are.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Dr
Richard
Fairhurst,
1.________
new
book
The
New
Age
of
Invention
has
just
been
published,
is
being
interviewed.
The
following
is
what
he
tells
us.
There
2.________
(be)
golden
ages
of
invention
throughout
history.
In
Ancient
China,
there
were
the
four
great
3.________
(invention):
gunpowder,
papermaking,
printing
and
the
compass.
They
4.________
(change)
the
world
forever.
There
were
the
great
Western
inventions:
the
steam
engine,
the
telephone
and
5.________
radio.
And
now,
we
are
in
the
great
new
age
of
technology,
when
most
of
the
new
great
inventions
are
tech?based.
For
example,
advances
in
virtual
6.________
(real),
wearable
tech
and
the
flexible
battery,
mean
we
should
soon
be
seeing
further
developments.
7.________
addition,
new
inventions
like
3D
printers
have
been
used
to
make
replacement
hearts
and
bone
parts.
What's
more,
it's
possible
8.________
(create)
an
intelligent
walking
house.
Most
inventions
start
with
9.________
(recognise)
a
problem
that
needs
a
solution.
But
what
remains
10.________
(importance)
is
that
we
have
an
incredible
desire
to
think
and
create,
and
that's
the
real
spirit
of
invention.
关键能力提升练
进阶训练第二层
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Jane
Goodall
is
best
known
for
her
26?year
study
of
the
chimps
in
the
wild.
There,
she
made
several
revolutionary
discoveries
that
made
her
one
of
the
greatest
field
scientists
of
the
20th
century.
Born
in
London
in
1934,
the
expectations
for
Jane
were
standard
for
the
time:
a
marriage
to
a
nice
man,
followed
by
a
few
children.
Fortunately,
her
mother
never
discouraged
her
interests:
animals
and
the
natural
world.
Once
her
mother
discovered
that
little
Jane
had
brought
a
handful
of
worms
(幼虫)
to
bed;
rather
than
screaming,
she
explained
that
her
new
little
friends
needed
the
soil
to
live,
and
together,
they
took
them
back
to
the
garden.
Jane
was
a
bookworm
who
admired
Doctor
Dolittle
and
loved
the
Tarzan
novels.
Reading
did
its
usual
quiet
but
life?changing
thing:
Jane
developed
a
dream
to
go
to
Africa
and
live
among
the
wild
animals.
Jane
realized
her
dream
on
July
14,
l960
when
she
arrived
at
Gombe
Stream
Game
Reserve
to
study
the
chimps.
However，for
two
months，the
chimps
escaped
when
they
heard
her
coming.
The
only
thing
she
saw
was
the
back
of
a
chimp,
running
away
from
her.
“The
more
I
thought
of
the
task
I
had
set
myself,
the
more
discouraged
I
became，”
Jane
wrote
in
her
first
book,
In
the
shadow
of
Man.
Eventually,
she
became
familiar
with
a
male
chimp
and
his
big
family.
She
observed
them
kiss,
hug,
pat
each
other
on
the
back,
shake
their
fingers
at
each
other.
She
watched
them
act
very
human?like.
One
day,
moving
quietly
through
the
jungle,
Jane
saw
the
male
chimp
sit
beside
a
large
termite
mound
(白蚁土堆).
He
kept
taking
small
branches
from
trees
and
putting
them
in
the
holes
to
fish
the
ants.
In
any
case，Jane's
discovery
became
the
talk
of
the
scientific
world.
Harvard's
Stephen
Jay
Gould
observed,
“We
must
now
re?think
what
the
words
‘tool’
and
‘man’
mean
or
accept
chimps
as
humans.”
1.What
did
Jane's
mother
do
when
she
found
the
worms
on
the
bed?
A．She
studied
them
carefully.
B．She
shouted
at
her
daughter.
C．She
threw
them
into
the
garden.
D．She
explained
they
liked
the
soil.
2．Which
is
the
major
reason
that
made
Jane
dream
of
working
in
the
wild?
A．Doctor
Dolittle's
invitation.
B．Her
interest
in
chimps.
C．The
reading
in
her
childhood.
D．Her
mother's
encouragement.
3．How
did
Jane
feel
during
the
first
two
months
in
Africa?
A．Lonely.
B．Frightened.
C．Hopeless.
D．Content.
4．What
did
Stephen
Jay
Gould's
words
imply?
A．Chimps
should
be
accepted
as
humans.
B．Jane's
discovery
is
of
great
importance.
C．Only
human
beings
know
how
to
make
use
of
tools.
D．The
scientists
should
confirm
the
meaning
of
the
words.
B
Inspired
by
a
9?year?old
cyclist,
Lauren
Turner,
who
can
only
use
one
hand,
a
group
of
University
of
Guelph
students
has
won
an
international
award
for
their
invention—a
bike
brake
lever
(刹车手柄)
that
pulls
both
the
front
brake
and
the
back
brake
at
the
same
time.
Lauren
Turner
was
able
to
ride
her
bike,
but
not
as
confidently
and
quickly
as
her
friends.
“She
couldn't
use
the
front
brake.
She
only
used
the
back
brake,
but
the
front
brake
makes
you
stop
twice
as
fast，”
says
Micha
Wallace,
who,
with
Katie
Bell,
Anina
Sakaguchi
and
Andrew
Morries
won
second
prize
in
the
James
Dyson
Award
for
their
single?handed
bike
brake
lever.
“Lauren
Turner
tried
the
device
(装置)
first
and
she
used
it
all
last
summer.
She
had
no
problems.
It
helped
her
go
faster
because
she
felt
more
confident
in
her
braking
abilities.
She
felt
safer.”
says
Wallace.
The
invention
was
the
fourth?year
design
project
for
the
four
students.
They
designed,
tested
and
created
a
prototype
(原型)
within
a
four?month
period.
When
Wallace
heard
about
the
James
Dyson
Award
on
the
news,
she
and
her
co?inventors
entered
their
project
in
the
U．K.?based
contest，which
rewards
students
designers
who
create
products
that
improve
the
way
we
live.
The
students
collected
the_runner?up_prize—￡
2,000
for
them
and
￡
500
for
their
school.
As
well,
they
had
a
chance
to
meet
James
Dyson,
a
U．K.
famous
inventor.
Praising
the
students
for
their
invention,
Dyson
says
the
single?handed
bike
brake
lever
could
improve
safety
for
all
cyclists.
By
using
both
brakes
at
once,
you
could
prevent
the
possibility
of
flying
over
the
handlebars
and
ending
up
with
an
injury.
The
students
hope
to
sell
it
to
a
major
company.
It
may
be
used
in
other
devices
that
require
two
hands
for
operation.
5．According
to
the
passage,
the
James
Dyson
Award
was
named
after
________.
A．a
well?known
place
B．a
famous
inventor
C．a
famous
university
D．a
government
leader
6．The
underlined
part
“the
runner?up
prize”
in
Paragraph
6
means
________.
A．the
second
prize
B．the
rich
prize
C．the
top
prize
D．the
prize
for
runners
7．According
to
the
passage,
we
know
that
the
bike
brake
lever
________.
A．has
already
been
widely
used
B．can
only
serve
the
disabled
cyclists
C．can
protect
you
from
any
injuries
D．may
have
a
wide
market
in
the
future
Ⅱ.七选五
I
work
as
a
meteorologist
(气象学家)
in
Tampa，Florida.
It's
my
job
to
follow
hurricanes
and
provide
information
about
them
to
scientists.
I
was
working
for
the
National
Meteorological
Office
in
Bracknell,
near
London,
in
the
autumn
of
1995,
and
I
saw
a
documentary
called
Stormchasers
with
family.
__1__
Two
months
later
I
came
across
an
ad
for
a
meteorologist
to
work
in
Florida.
I
was
interviewed
over
the
phone,
moved
to
the
US,
and
started
to
work
here
in
Tampa
in
May
1996.
__2__
I
have
been
all
over
the
world
hunting
hurricanes.
It's
exciting
to
end
up
in
different
cities
and
different
countries
day
after
day.
If
you
are
a
meteorologist，you
have
to
love
flying.
I
also
love
working
with
top
scientists.
__3__
For
me，it's
like
a
classroom
in
the
sky.
People
often
ask
me
what
an
average
day
is
like.
In
fact,
there's
no
such
thing
as
an
average
day
in
my
job!
__4__
We
often
take
off
at
a
moment's
notice
to
hunt
storms.
Next,
I
would
like
to
join
a
space
program
and
be
the
first
meteorologist
in
space.
__5__
There
aren't
any
hurricanes!
If
you
also
want
to
be
a
meteorologist,
study
math
and
science
and
get
a
degree
in
meteorology.
I
have
taken
the
hurricane
hunter
path,
but
you
could
do
research.
A.
I
have
learned
so
much
from
them.
B．What
I
like
most
about
my
job
is
the
travel.
C．It's
a
wonderful
job
and
the
pay
is
pretty
good.
D．It
all
depends
on
the
weather,
and
you
can't
control
that.
E．However,
I
haven't
come
up
with
an
experiment
to
do
in
space
yet.
F．Because
of
the
job,
I'm
away
from
my
family
who
all
live
in
the
UK.
G．It
was
about
hurricane
hunters
and
I
thought,
“Wow,
that's
an
interesting
job！”
Ⅲ.语法填空
Robot
teachers
are
now
very
popular
with
pupils
in
some
primary
schools
in
ROK.
Compared
with
human
teachers,
the
robot
teachers
are
1.________
(patient).
They
never
get
angry
and
are
always
kind
to
the
students.
That's
2.________
the
children
can
always
get
on
well
with
their
robot
teachers.
English?teaching
robots
3.________
(send)
to
three
primary
schools
last
December.
4.________
(equip)
with
a
microphone
and
video
camera,
the
robots
teach
students
as
teachers.
Researchers
found
that
the
English?teaching
robots
helped
raise
students'
interests
in
the
language
and
build
up
their
5.________
(confident).
More
and
more
students
came
to
like
studying
and
they
got
better
grades
in
exams.
Meanwhile,
other
robot
teachers，6.________
can
teach
math,
science
and
art,
have
also
been
developed.
Many
people
think
these
robot
teachers
should
be
used
7.________
faraway
village
schools
so
that
the
children
there
can
also
receive
a
good
education.
8.________
(give)
rural
school
children
more
learning
chances,
the
ROK's
government
has
expressed
great
interest
in
9.________
(develop)
these
robots.
No
doubt
there
will
be
more
and
more
robot
teachers
working
with
students.
Perhaps
they
will
10.________
(complete)
replace
human
teachers
one
day
in
the
future.
Who
knows?
Unit
3 The
world
of
science
课时作业(一) Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．pressed 2.shot 3.virtual 4.flexible 5.desire 6.battery
7．capable 8.stuff
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．giving 2.to
help 3.more
flexible 4.of 5.as 6.pressure
7．reality 8.herself 9.is
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．(should)
go
home 2.was
satisfied
with 3.There
is
no
doubt
that
4．Whether
they
would
support
us 5.found
him
waiting
for
us
6．found
his
house
stolen 7.with
cups
or
tea
in
our
hands
8.it
is
not
what;
that
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．答案与解析：whose 考查定语从句。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词Dr
Richard
Fairhurst，且设空处在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。
2．答案与解析：have
been 考查动词的时态。句意：贯穿整个历史，一直有发明的黄金时代。根据语境可知用现在完成时。
3．答案与解析：inventions 考查名词复数。根据前面的four可知答案为名词复数形式。
4．答案与解析：changed 考查动词的时态。中国古代的四大发明改变了世界，所以用一般过去时。
5．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。结合前面的“the
steam
engine，the
telephone”可知答案为the。
6．答案与解析：reality 考查名词。virtual意为“虚拟的”，形容词应修饰名词。reality意为“现实”。
7．答案与解析：In 考查固定搭配。in
addition“另外”，为固定搭配。
8．答案与解析：to
create 考查不定式。it为形式主语，后面的不定式作真正的主语。
9．答案与解析：recognising 考查动名词。设空处作介词with的宾语。
10．答案与解析：important 考查形容词。remain是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。
关键能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了对野生黑猩猩长达26年研究的Jane
Goodall的生平以及成就。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，有一次，她妈妈发现小简抱着一把虫子上床睡觉；她没有尖叫，而是解释说，她的新小朋友需要土壤来生活，于是她们一起带着它们回到了花园。由此可知，简的妈妈发现床上有虫子时，她解释说它们喜欢土壤。故选D。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，阅读做了一件平静却改变生活的事情：简梦想着去非洲，和野生动物生活在一起。由此可知，简梦想在野外工作的主要原因是她童年时代的阅读经历。故选C。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，简在她的第一本书《人的影子》中写道：“我越想我给自己设定的任务，我就越泄气。”由此可推断出，简在非洲的头两个月感觉很绝望。故选C。
4．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中最后一句可知，哈佛大学的Stephen
Jay
Gould说：“我们现在必须重新思考‘工具’和‘人’这两个词的含义，或者接受黑猩猩是人类。”由此推断出，Stephen
Jay
Gould的话暗示着简的发现很重要。故选B。
B
【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要报道了一群大学生发明了单手自行车刹车手柄并获奖的消息。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“As
well，they
had
a
chance
to
meet
James
Dyson，a
U．K.
famous
inventor.”可知James
Dyson奖是以一位英国著名发明家的名字命名的。故选B。
6．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“...Micha
Wallace，who，with
Katie
Bell,
Anina
Sakaguchi
and
Andrew
Morries
won
second
prize
in
the
James
Dyson
Award
for
their
single?handed
bike
brake
lever.”可知Micha
Wallace和Katie
Bell,
Anina
Sakaguchi以及Andrew
Morries凭借单手自行车刹车手柄获得了James
Dyson奖的二等奖。即这些学生赢得了二等奖。故选A。
7．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知，这种自行车刹车手柄主要是使车子安全快速地停下来，不仅用于自行车，还可能用于别的需要两只手来进行刹车的装置，并且有可能会有公司收购。因此可推知这项发明在不久的将来会有广阔的市场。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章作者详细介绍了自己所从事的工作——风暴追逐者。
1．答案与解析：G 上文“I
was
working
for
the
National
Meteorological
Office
in
Bracknell,
near
London,
in
the
autumn
of
1995,
and
I
saw
a
documentary
called
Stormchasers
with
family.”说“我”看了一部叫《与家人在一起的风暴追逐者》的纪录片，该空承接上文，G选项“它是关于飓风猎人的，我想，‘这是一个有趣的工作！’”切题。故选G。
2．答案与解析：B 下文“I
have
been
all
over
the
world
hunting
hurricanes.”说“我”一直在世界各地搜寻飓风。该空引出下文，B选项“工作中我最喜欢的是旅行”切题。故选B。
3．答案与解析：A 上文“I
also
love
working
with
top
scientists.”说“我”也喜欢和顶尖科学家一起工作。该空承接上文，A选项“我从他们身上学到了很多”切题。故选A。
4．答案与解析：D 上文“People
often
ask
me
what
an
average
day
is
like.
In
fact，there's
no
such
thing
as
an
average
day
in
my
job！”说人们经常问我平常的一天是什么样的。事实上，在我的工作中没有所谓的普通的一天！下文说“我们”经常一接到通知就出发去捕捉风暴。该空承上启下，D选项“这完全取决于天气，你无法控制”切题。故选D。
5．答案与解析：E 上文“Next,
I
would
like
to
join
a
space
program
and
be
the
first
meteorologist
in
space.”说接下来，“我”想加入一个太空计划，成为第一个在太空的气象学家。该空承接上文，E选项“然而，我还没有想到一个可以在太空做的实验”切题。故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了目前机器人老师在韩国很受一些小学的欢迎。本文分析了机器人老师的优势以及机器人教师未来的发展前景。
1．答案与解析：more
patient 考查形容词比较级。句意：与人类教师相比，机器人老师更耐心。根据“Compared
with
human
teachers”可知，本句把人类教师和机器人教师进行了比较，故本空应用比较级形式。patient为多音节词，故比较级形式为more
patient。
2．答案与解析：why 考查表语从句连接词。句意：那就是孩子总是能和机器人老师相处得很好的原因。本空引导表语从句，根据句意可知本空在从句中作原因状语，故用why。
3．答案与解析：were
sent 考查时态及语态。句意：去年12月份英语机器人被送到了三所小学。根据时间状语last
December可知，本句叙述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，且主语English?teaching
robots与动词send之间为被动关系，故本空应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were
sent。
4．答案与解析：Equipped 考查非谓语动词。句意：装备有麦克风和视频相机，这些机器人像老师一样教学生。be
equipped
with意为“装备有……”，本空在句中作状语，故应用过去分词equipped。
5．答案与解析：confidence 考查名词。句意：研究人员发现英语教学机器人帮助提高学生对语言的兴趣并建立他们的自信。本空作动词短语build
up的宾语，故应用名词confidence。
6．答案与解析：which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：与此同时，其他能够教数学、科学和艺术的机器人也已经被开发出来了。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词other
robot
teachers，本空在从句中作主语，指物。故应用关系代词which。
7．答案与解析：in 考查介词。句意：很多人认为这些机器人老师应该在偏远的乡村学校被使用。表示“在……学校”应用介词in。
8．答案与解析：To
give 考查不定式。句意：为了给农村学校的孩子更多学习的机会，在开发此类机器人方面韩国政府已经表示了很大的兴趣。根据句意可知，本空在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式to
give。
9．答案与解析：developing 考查动名词。句意：为了给农村学校的孩子更多学习的机会，在开发此类机器人方面韩国政府已经表示了很大的兴趣。根据空前介词in可知，本空应用动名词形式作介词in的宾语。
10．答案与解析：completely 考查副词。句意：也许未来的某一天它们会彻底代替人类教师。本空修饰动词replace，故应用副词completely作状语。
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