Module
3
Body
Language
and
Non-Verbal
Communication
表一：条件状语从句
表二：条件状语从句的省略
表三：让步状语从句
【例1】 She
says
that
she'll
have
to
close
the
shop________business
improves.
【解析】 unless
引导条件状语从句，意为“除非，如果不”。句意：她说如果生意不改善她将关闭商店。
【答案】 unless
【例2】 He
is
so
busy.
He
cannot
afford
enough
time
with
his
son
________if
he
wants
to.
【解析】 even
if
“即使”，引导让步状语从句。句意：他如此忙。即使他想与儿子在一起他也抽不出时间。
【答案】 even
【例3】 You
can
borrow
my
car______you
promise
not
to
drive
too
fast.
【解析】 as
long
as只要，用来引导条件状语从句。
【答案】 as
long
as
【例4】 It
is
hard
for
the
Greek
government
to
get
over
the
present
difficulties________it
gets
more
financial
support
from
the
European
Union.
【解析】 unless引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不”。
【答案】 unless
【例5】 Leave
your
key
with
your
neighbour______you
lock
yourself
out
one
day.
【解析】 in
case以防，万一，用来引导条件状语从句。
【答案】 in
case
【例6】 I
have
a
tight
budget
for
the
trip，so
I'm
not
going
to
fly________the
airline
lowers
ticket
prices.
【解析】 unless引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不”。
【答案】 unless
【例7】 Hot________the
night
air
was，we
slept
deeply
because
we
were
so
tired
after
the
long
journey.
【解析】 as/though用于让步状语从句的倒装。
【答案】 as/though
【例8】 ________I
always
felt
I
would
pass
the
exam，I
never
thought
I
would
get
an
A.
【解析】 while/although/though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
【答案】 While/Although/Though
【例9】 All
the
photographs
in
this
book，______stated
otherwise，date
from
the
1950s.
【解析】 unless引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不，除非”。
【答案】 unless
写作专项突破
应用文：邀请信
【题目要求】
假设你叫李华，你校英语俱乐部将举办一场英语晚会。你准备邀请你的外国朋友
John
与你一起参加。请根据以下海报的内容，给
John
写一封邀请信。
英语晚会
时间：10月15日晚7：30
地点：英语俱乐部
活动内容：用英语聊天；观看来自不同班级的学生们的表演；互相交换小礼物；结交朋友
提供：水果和饮料
建议：如果你喜欢的话，可自带食物。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
John，
How
is
everything?
I'm
writing
to...
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours，
Li
Hua
一、构思谋篇
二、关键词语
邀请某人做某事
invite
sb.
to
do
sth.
相当多的
quite
a
few
进行表演
give
a
performance
鼓励某人做某事
encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.
建议
it
is
suggested
that
玩得很高兴
have
a
wonderful
time
三、连词成句
1．我写信是为了告诉你有关一场英语晚会的情况并邀请你来参加。
I'm
writing
to
let
you
know
about
an
English
evening
and
invite
you
to
join
us.
2．我们鼓励参与者互相交换小礼物。
We
encourage
participants
to
exchange
small
gifts
with
each
other.
3．建议大家如果愿意的话可以自带一些食物。
It
is
suggested
that
you
bring
some
food
with
you
if
you
like.
4．我相信大家将会玩得很高兴。
I
believe
everyone
will
have
a
wonderful
time.
四、连句成篇
Dear
John，
How
is
everything?
I'm
writing
①to
let
you
know
about
an
English
evening
and
②invite
you
to
join
us．
The
English
evening
will
start
at
7：30
pm
on
October
15,
and
will
be
held
in
the
English
Club.
We
have
planned
③quite
a
few
activities
such
as
chatting
with
each
other
in
English
and
watching
some
performances
④?given
by
students
from
different
classes.
Besides,
we
⑤encourage
participants
to
exchange
small
gifts
with
each
other?
and
make
friends
⑥as
well?.
We
will
provide
some
fruit
and
drinks
for
the
evening,
but
⑦?it
is
suggested
that
you
bring
some
food
with
you
if
you
like?.
I
believe
everyone
will
have
a
wonderful
time.
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours，
Li
Hua
【亮点点评】
亮点一：文章首先交代了写信的目的，接着介绍了晚会的有关情况，最后表达了期待回复之意。内容完整，层次分明，语言流畅自然，完全符合邀请信的要求。
亮点二：文章使用了一些较复杂的句式结构，显示出作者较高的写作水平，如①to
let
you
know
about
an
English
evening
为不定式结构作目的状语；④given
by
students
from
different
classes
为过去分词短语作定语，修饰
performances；⑦句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的含有条件状语从句的句子
that
you
bring
some
food
with
you
if
you
like
等。
亮点三：熟练而准确地使用一些较高级的词汇和句型是本文的又一大亮点，如②invite
you
to
join
us，③quite
a
few，⑤encourage
participants
to
exchange
small
gifts
with
each
other，⑥as
well
等。
PAGEModule
3
Body
Language
and
Non-Verbal
Communication
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．communicate
vi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流→communication
n．交流；沟通
2．unconscious
adj.无意的；不知不觉的→conscious
adj.意识到的；自觉的
3．vary
vi.变化→various
adj.各种各样的，各不相同的→variation
n．变化
4．formal
adj.正式的→informal
adj.非正式的
5．traditionally
adv.传统地→traditional
adj.传统的→tradition
n．传统
6．threatening
adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的→threaten
v．恐吓；威胁→threat
n．恐吓；威胁
7．involve
vt.包括→involvement
n．卷入；牵连→involved
adj.参与……的；和……有关联的
8．slightly
adv.轻微地；稍微→slight
adj.轻轻的；稍微的；有一点的
9．bow
vi.鞠躬→bow
n．鞠躬
10．youth
n．年轻人→young
adj.年轻的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in
the
distance
在远处
2．more
than
多于，不仅仅
3．think
of
想出；想到
4．vary
from...to...在……之中变化
5．on
guard
警惕
6．make
a
deal
达成协议，成交
7．hold
up
举起，堵塞
8．raise
one's
hand
举起手
9．give
away
捐献，泄露
10．shake
hands
with
与某人握手
1．communication
n．[U]交流；沟通；[pl.]通讯手段；通信
Speech
is
the
fastest
method
of
communication
between
people.
说话是人与人之间交流最快捷的方法。
Communication
with
friends
is
easy
now.
现在与朋友联络非常容易。
Modern
communications
are
enabling
more
people
to
work
from
home.
各种现代通讯手段使越来越多的人能在家里工作。
communicate
v．(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流
communicate
sth.
to...
将……(信息)传达给……
communicate
with
sb.
与某人交流/沟通
Television
communicated
the
news
to
all
parts
of
the
country.
电视将这条消息传到全国各地。
They
communicated
in
sign
language.
他们用手语沟通。
I
communicated
with
him
by
gestures.
我用手势跟他交流。
We
benefit
from
modern
communication
(communicate)．
2．unconscious
adj.无意的；不知不觉的
I
made
an
unconscious
mistake.
我无意间犯了个错误。
The
brochure
is
full
of
unconscious
humour.
这本小册子妙趣横生。
I
was
unconscious
of
her
presence.
我不知道她在场。
conscious
adj.意识到的；自觉的
consciousness
n．意识
She
is
very
conscious
of
the
problems
related
to
the
research.
她完全意识到了那项研究所涉及的问题。
He
was
conscious
of
making
a
mistake.
3．vary
vi.变化；不同
The
flowers
vary
in
colour
and
size.
这些花的颜色和大小各不相同。
The
heights
of
the
plants
vary
from
8
cm
to
20
cm.
这些植物的高度从8厘米到20厘米不等。
Mary's
mood
seems
to
vary
according
to
the
weather.
玛丽的情绪似乎随天气而变化。
vary
in
在……方面不同
vary
from...to...从……到……之间变化；各……不同
vary
with
随……而变化
vary
according
to/depending
on
因……而异
various
adj.各种各样的
varied
adj.多变化的
There're
various
(vary)
flowers
in
the
garden.
4．aggressive
adj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的；有进取心的
Some
people
get
aggressive
after
drinking
alcohol.
有些人酒后变得爱闹事。
Aggressive
nations
threaten
the
world
peace.
侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平。
A
successful
businessman
has
to
be
aggressive.
成功的实业家要有股冲劲。
He
was
an
aggressive
(aggress)
man.
5．bow
vi./n.[C]鞠躬 n．[C]弓；弓形物；蝴蝶结
We
all
bowed
to
the
Queen
as
she
came
out.
女王出来时，我们都向她鞠躬致敬。
He
made
a
low
bow
to
the
judge.
他向法官深鞠一躬。
The
little
girl
tied
her
shoelaces
in
a
bow.
那个小女孩把她的鞋带打成一个蝴蝶结。
Their
football
team
bowed
out
of
the
competition.
他们的足球队退出了比赛。
They
finally
bowed
to
pressure
from
the
public.
他们终于在公众的压力下让步了。
The
hunter
first
bowed
to
the
head
and
then
raised
his
bow,
let
the
arrow
fly.
这位猎手首先向头领鞠了一躬，然后举弓，射箭。
He
bowed
to
the
audience.
6．slightly
adv.轻微地；稍微
He
was
slightly
injured
in
the
car
accident.
他在车祸中受了轻伤。
We
took
a
slightly
more
direct
route.
我们选择了一条略近的路线。
slight
adj.轻微的；微小的
He
got
slightly
(slight)
injured
in
the
accident.
7．youth
n．[C]年轻人；[U]青少年时期；青春
There
are
six
youths
standing
at
the
street
corner.
有6个年轻人站在街角。
I
spent
my
youth
in
the
countryside.
我在乡间度过了青少年时代。
She
is
full
of
youth
and
energy.
她充满了青春和活力。
youth
的单数形式词尾读音为清辅音，复数形式读音为浊辅音。类似的词再如：
path
[pa?θ]→paths
[pa??z]小路
house
[ha?s]→houses
['ha?z?z]房子
bath
[ba?θ]→baths
[ba??z]洗澡；浴室
mouth
[ma?θ]→mouths
[ma??z]嘴巴
He
spent
his
youth
(young)
in
the
village.
8．spread
(spread,
spread)
v．张开；传播；蔓延
She
spread
her
arms
and
the
child
ran
towards
her.
她张开双臂，孩子向她跑来。
He
spread
out
the
newspaper
on
the
table.
他把报纸铺开放在了桌子上。
Word
spread
quickly
and
soon
a
crowd
gathered.
消息迅速传开，很快就有一群人聚集了起来。
The
forest
spreads
from
here
to
the
river.
这片森林从这儿一直延伸到河边。
The
news
has_spread
(spread)
throughout
the
whole
country
so
far.
9．formal
adj.正式的
The
dinner
was
a
formal
affair.
这是正式宴会。
Her
dress
was
too
showy
for
such
a
formal
occasion.
在这么正式的场合她穿的衣服有点太花哨了。
informal
adj.非正式的
Though
this
is
an
informal
call,
he
wears
a
formal
dress.
尽管这是一次非正式访问，他仍然穿着礼服。
The
president
will
pay
an
informal
visit
to
that
country.
总统将对那个国家进行非正式访问。
This
is
an
informal
(formal)
party,
so
you
needn't
dress
up.
10．threatening
adj.恐吓的，具有威胁的
He
made
an
admission
that
he
had
used
threatening
behavior.
他承认用了恐吓手段。
(1)threaten
vt.
威胁，恐吓
Tom's
father
threatened
to
beat
him
if
he
stole
again.
汤姆的父亲威胁说如果他再偷东西就揍他。
The
soldiers
were
threatened
with
a
gun.
士兵们被用枪威胁着。
(2)threat
n．[C，U]威胁，恐吓；前兆，征兆
His
presence
is
a
threat
to
our
success.
他的出现对我们的成功是一个威胁。
He
is
not
afraid
of
threat(s)．
他不怕恐吓。
There
was
a
threat
of
typhoon.
有刮台风的征兆。
①What
you
said
yesterday
sounded
threatening
(threaten)
to
me.
②He
threatened
(threaten)
to
make
the
photos
public.
11．involve
vt.涉及；包括；包含；参与；需要
Don't
involve
other
people
in
your
trouble.
别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。
The
case
involved
many
people.
这起案件牵涉了许多人。
The
job
involved
me/my
living
in
London.
工作需要我住在伦敦。
get
involved
with
参加，参与
be
involved
in
参与；涉及
I
don't
want
to
get
involved
with
this
argument.
我不想卷入这场争论。
All
the
children
were
involved
in
the
school
play.
所有孩子都参加了学校排练的戏剧。
He
got
involved
(involve)
in
that
war.
1．The
job
involves
(involve)
dealing
with
people
working
in
different
departments
so
it
is
not
easy
to
do.
解析：involve
“包含，需要”。句意：“这项职务需要与在不同部门工作的人打交道，因此不容易做”。
2．“Neal,
listen，”
she
said,
looking
straight
at
him.
“I
ask
you
not
to
get
involved
(involve)
in
this
kind
of
matter.
It's
none
of
your
business.”
解析：句意：“‘尼尔，听着’，她直盯着他说，‘我要求你不要卷入这件事，跟你没关系’”。get
involved
in
卷入……。
3．Papermaking
began
in
China
and
from
here
it
spread
(spread)
to
North
Africa
and
Europe.
解析：spread
“传播；展开”。句意：“造纸起源于中国，并且从这里传播到北非和欧洲。”
4．He
received
a
threatening
(threaten)
letter
demanding
$1,000,000,
and
the
police
said
this
was
a
violent
crime.
解析：threatening
“胁迫的”，a
threatening
letter
意为“一封恐吓信”。句意：他收到要求一百万美元的恐吓信，警方说这是暴力犯罪。
5．Be
careful!
This
is
a
dangerous
aggressive
(aggression)
dog
and
it
might
bite
you
at
any
moment.
解析：句意：当心！这只狗很危险，有攻击性，随时可能会咬人。aggressive
“攻击的；挑衅的”。
6．The
gesture
for
OK,
making
a
circle
with
one's
thumb
and
index
finger,
has
different
meanings
in
different
cultures.
解析：句意：表示OK的手势，即用拇指和食指做个圆圈，在不同的文化中有不同的含义。gesture
“姿势；手势”。
7．With
the
development
of
international
communication
(communicate),
English
is
more
and
more
important.
解析：句意：随着国际交流的发展，英语越来越重要。communication
“交流；沟通”。
8．She
was
unconscious
of
the
fact
that
she
had
made
a
mistake.
解析：句意：她没有意识到自己犯了一个错误。be
unconscious
of
是固定搭配，意为“没有意识到……”。
9．Workers
have
become
more
conscious
of
safety,
and
therefore
the
accident
rate
has
fallen
greatly.
解析：句意：由于工人们加强了安全意识，因而事故发生率大大减少了。be/become
conscious
of
sth.“意识到某事”，为固定短语。
10．The
two
sweaters
are
of
the
same
style,
but
the
prices
vary
(variety)
because
of
different
materials.
解析：句意：这两件毛衣款式相同，但由于面料不同，价格也不同。vary
“变化；不同”。
11．Your
table
tennis
is
excellent.
I
bow
to
your
perfect
skill.
解析：句意：你乒乓球打得真好，我甘拜下风。bow
“鞠躬”，bow
to
sb./sth.
“屈服于……；向……鞠躬致敬”，符合句意。
12．This
kind
of
pen
is
slightly
(slight)
more
expensive
but
they
last
a
lot
longer.
解析：句意：这种钢笔稍微贵一些，但是会用的时间更长。slightly
“稍微”，可用来修饰比较级。lightly
“轻轻地”。
13．He
spent
his
youth
(young)
in
Africa
and
went
to
America
at
the
age
of
20.
解析：句意：他在非洲度过了青少年时代，在20岁时去了美国。youth
意为“青少年时期；青春”时，为不可数名词；意为“年轻人”时，为可数名词。
1．on
guard
(保持)警惕；值班
While
danger
threatens
we
must
all
be
on
guard.
危险来临时，我们必须保持警惕。
The
soldier
is
on
guard.
那个士兵在值班。
on
holiday
在度假 on
business
出差
on
duty
值班
on
show
在展出
on
line
在线
on
sale
出售
He
is
on
guard
today.
2．make/do
a
deal
(with
sb.)(与某人)达成协议；做成交易
We
made
a
deal
with
the
management
on
overtime.
我们与管理部门在加班问题上达成了一项协议。
They
are
trying
to
make
a
deal
with
us.
他们正设法和我们做交易。
a
great
deal
of
大量的，很多(修饰不可数名词)
it's
a
deal
[口语]成交(同意做某事)
deal
with
处理(与how连用)；解决；对付，应付
do
with
处理(与what连用)
①After
graduation,
you
will
have
to
deal
with
the
real
world.
②He
didn't
know
what
to_do
(do)
with
the
letter.
3．hold
up
举起；延迟；阻碍；抢劫
He
held
up
his
hands
in
great
surprise.
他惊奇地举起了手。
Sorry
I'm
late—I
was
held
up
at
work.
对不起我来晚了，我给工作耽搁了。
It
is
reported
that
three
men
held
up
a
jeweler's
last
night.
据报道，昨晚有3名男子抢劫了一家珠宝店。
hold
back
退缩；阻止
hold
on
抓住；坚持；(打电话)不挂断
hold
out
伸出
hold
one's
view
持有……的观点
hold
one's
breath
屏住呼吸
catch/take/get
hold
of
握住，抓住
①Jim
was
able
to
hold
back
his
anger
and
avoided
a
fight.
②The
ice
in
the
river
is
not
strong
enough
to
hold
up
your
weight.
③How
long
can
you
hold
your
breath
(breathe)
under
water?
4．give
away
暴露(自己的情况)；泄露；赠送；分发
The
expression
on
her
face
gave
her
away.
她脸上的表情出卖了她。
Who
gave
away
the
secret
plan?
是谁泄露了这个秘密计划？
He
gave
away
his
bread
to
the
hungry
girl.
他将自己的面包送给了这个饥饿的女孩。
away
表示“离开；逃脱；去掉”等义。
give
in
屈服，让步，投降
give
up
放弃
give
out发出；分发；(消息)传出；耗尽(体力等)
①He
never
gives
in
to
difficulties.
②He
often
gives
away
vegetables
that
he
grows
himself
to
his
neighbors.
③When
I
got
to
school,
my
English
teacher
was
giving
out
papers.
5．in
the
distance
在远处
That's
Long
Island
in
the
distance
over
there.
那边远处是长岛。
at
a
distance
从远处
at
a
distance
of
在……(多远)处
keep
a
distance
away
保持一定距离
keep
sb
at
a
distance
对某人冷淡，同某人疏远
He
watched
his
son
disappear
in
the
distance.
1．She
appeared
very
happy,
but
the
sadness
in
her
eyes
gave
her
away.
解析：句意：她看上去很高兴的样子，但眼中的忧伤却让她暴露了自己。give
away
“暴露(自己的情况)；泄露”。
2．Hearing
the
strange
shouting,
he
held
up
his
hands
in
amazement.
解析：句意：听到那个奇怪的喊叫声，他惊骇地举起了双手。hold
up
“举起”，符合句意。
3．—Why
were
you
late
for
such
an
important
meeting
this
morning?
—The
traffic
was
held
up
by
an
accident.
I
waited
for
an
hour.
解析：句意：“今天早上你为何在如此重要的会议上迟到？”“一起事故阻塞了交通。我等了一个小时。”hold
up
“阻碍”。
4．We
discussed
the
problem
for
three
hours,
and
finally
made
a
deal
on
how
to
solve
the
problem.
解析：句意：我们对这个问题讨论了3小时，最后就怎样解决这个问题达成了协议。make
a
deal
“达成协议”。
5．My
mother
warned
me
to
be
on
guard
when
shopping,
because
there
may
be
thieves.
解析：句意：妈妈警告我购物时要保持警惕，因为可能有小偷。on
guard
是固定搭配，意为“(保持)警惕”。
6．Be
on
guard
against
pickpockets
on
a
bus
and
put
your
money
where
it's
safe.
解析：句意：警惕车上的扒手，把钱放到安全的地方。on
guard
“(保持)警惕”。
7．I
watched
the
train
disappear
in
the
distance.
解析：in
the
distance
在远处。
1．When
in
Rome,
Do
as
the
Romans
Do.
入乡随俗。
(1)When
in
Rome＝When
you
are
in
Rome。有些时间、条件、让步等状语从句，如果谓语有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致或主语是it时，常常可以省略从句的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)，这些省略的时间、条件、让步状语从句常用when，while，once，before，till/until，whenever，unless，though
等来引导。
She
is
shy
and
doesn't
speak
until
(she
is)
spoken
to.
她很腼腆，你若不跟她说话她是不会开口的。
Come
and
give
me
a
hand
if
(it
is)
possible.
如果可以的话请来帮我个忙。
You
can
read
it
once
again
more
slowly,
using
a
dictionary
when
necessary.
你可以慢一些再读一遍，必要时可以查字典。
Though
(he
was)
tired,
he
went
on
practicing
it.
虽然很累，可他仍继续练习。
(2)as
the
Romans
do
是方式状语从句。as
作连词，“如，依照，随”。as
表达此类意思时，常引导一个方式状语从句。
I'll
do
as
you
advise.
我会照你的忠告去做。
Please
try
to
pronounce
the
word
as
I
do.
请试着跟我发这个词的音。
Leave
it
as
it
is.
(让它)维持原状好了。
as作连词还可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。
As
I
was
getting
onto
the
bus,
I
realized
that
I
had
left
my
purse
at
home.
(时间状语从句)
我上公共汽车时，才发觉把钱包落在家里了。
As
you
are
so
clever,
perhaps
you
can
sort
out
this
problem
for
us.
(原因状语从句)
你这么聪明，也许能为我们解决这个问题。
Tired
as
I
was,
I
was
determined
to
get
the
job
finished.
(让步状语从句)
尽管我很累，我还是决定把工作做完。
She
failed
the
exam,
just
as
I
had
done
the
year
before.
(比较状语从句)
她考试没及格，与我上年的情况一样。
He
did
everything
as
he
was
told
to.
2．Although
these
are
very
important,
we
communicate
with
more
than
just
spoken
and
written
words.
虽然这些十分重要，但我们并不只是用口语和书面语进行交流。
although
作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
Although/Though
he
is
poor
in
health，he
works
hard.
他虽然身体不好，但他工作努力。
注意：在汉语中常说“虽然……，但是……”，而英语在这一点上不同，只能用一个连词连接主从复合句，用了although
或
though，就不能再用
but，但可以用副词
yet
表“但是”；或者从句不用连词，主句前用but(连词)。
Although/Though
it
was
raining
hard,
(yet)
they
still
went
on
marching.
＝It
was
raining
hard,
but
they
still
went
on
marching.
虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍继续行军。
although,
though
与
as
①although
置于句首，不用倒装语序。
②though
引导的从句可置于句首，也可在句末。形容词、名词作表语时，有时为了加强语气而置于
though
之前，形成倒装语序。though
除了用作连词之外，还可以用作副词，表示“不过；可是；然而”之意，常置于句尾。
Though
it
may
seem
strange/Strange
though
it
may
seem,
he
remained
single
all
his
life.
尽管表面看上去很奇怪，但他终生未娶。
He
said
he
would
phone
me;
he
didn't,
though.
他说他会给我打电话，然而却没有打。
③as
引导让步状语从句时，通常用倒装语序，要将从句中作表语的形容词或名词(单数可数名词前不带冠词)以及作状语的副词提到句首，再接
as，从句的主谓不倒装。
Though
he
is
a
child,
he
knows
a
lot.
＝Child
though
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.
＝Child
as
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.
尽管他是一个孩子，但他知道得很多。
注意：as引导让步状语从句时，如果从句中的谓语为不及物动词，则将不及物动词提前，其句式结构是“vi.＋as＋主语＋would/might/may/will”。
Try
as
he
would,
he
could
not
lift
the
stone.
他虽然尽了最大的努力，但仍旧搬不动那块石头。
Although/Though
the
weather
was
bad,
he
went
to
work.
3．Indeed,
body
positions
are
part
of
what
we
call
“body
language”．
确实，身体的姿态就是我们所称的“身势语”的一部分。
(1)短语
a
part
of
经常省略冠词
a，成为固定搭配
part
of，意为“……的一部分”。part
of
使用的场合比
a
part
of
要多得多。
Cars
have
become
part
of
our
life.
汽车已经成为我们日常生活的一部分。
(2)句中的
what
we
call“body
language”是一个名词性从句。what
在句中作从句的宾语。此处
what
可译为“……的东西/事物”。
What
I
dislike
is
the
way
she
speaks.
我不喜欢的是她说话的方式。
Money
and
fame
is
what
some
people
are
after
all
their
life.
名利是一些人毕生追逐的东西。
He
did
what
he
could
to
help
his
mother.
他尽可能地帮他母亲。
①what
作代词，引导名词性从句，相当于
all
that，everything
that，the
place
that，the
person
that
等，不能引导定语从句。
②that
作代词，指代具体事物；作连词，引导名词性从句时，不承担句子成分，也不译出；引导定语从句时，为关系代词，在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
What
he
told
me
was
that
he
passed
the
exam.
4．One
person
then
holds
up
his
hand,
palm
outwards
and
five
fingers
spread.
然后一个人举起手，掌心向外，五指张开。
本句中
palm
outwards
and
five
fingers
spread
采用了“独立主格”的结构。这种结构本身不是完整的句子，而是依附在句子上的一个结构。仔细观察就可发现，独立主格结构实际上就是句子减去系动词。因此，独立主格结构的构成有下面几种：
独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。
The
test
finished,
we
began
our
holiday.
＝When
the
test
was
finished,
we
began
our
holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
(the
test
是
finish
的逻辑主语，两者之间为被动关系，故finish
使用过去分词)
Weather
permitting,
we
are
going
to
visit
you
tomorrow.
天气允许的话，我们明天会去看你。
(weather
是
permit
的逻辑主语，两者之间为主动关系，故permit
使用现在分词)
He
came
into
the
room,
his
ears
red
with
cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得通红。
(his
ears
与
red
之间去掉了系动词
were)
He
came
out
of
the
library,
a
large
book
under
his
arm.
他夹着一本厚书，走出了图书馆。
(book
与
under
之间去掉了系动词
was)
Time
permitting
(permit),
I'll
call
on
you
on
my
way
home.
1．The
air
quality
in
the
city,
as
is
shown
in
the
report,
has
improved
over
the
past
two
months.
解析：as
引导非限制性定语从句，作从句的主语，意为“正如”。
2．The
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden，weather
permitting
(permit)．
解析：weather
permitting为独立主格结构，相当于if
weather
permits.
3．I
don't
believe
we've
met
before,
although/though
I
must
say
you
do
look
familiar.
解析：although/though
尽管。句意：我认为我们以前未见过面，尽管我必须说你看起来很熟悉。
4．Put
everything
as
it
is.
解析：put...as
it
is
把……放在原处。
5．Police
have
found
what
appears
to
be
the
lost
ancient
statue.
解析：what
引导宾语从句，作从句中的主语。
Ⅰ.语法填空
When
we
say
the
word
“communication”，
most
people
think
__1__
words
and
sentences.
In
fact,
we
communicate
with
more
__2__
just
words.
We
also
use
body
language,
in
__3__
there
is
unconscious
body
language
__4__
well
as
__5__
(learn)
body
language.
We
use
learned
body
language
when
we
are
__6__
(introduce)
to
strangers.
__7__
(traditional),
Europeans
and
Americans
shake
hands.
Greetings
in
Asian
countries
do
not
__8__
touching
the
other
person,
but
they
always
involve
the
hands.
Even
today,
when
some
people
have
very
informal
styles
of
__9__
(greet),
they
still
use
their
hands
as
a
gesture
of
trust.
Body
language
is
__10__
(fascinate)
for
anyone
to
study.
1．of 2.than 3.which 4.as 5.learned 6.introduced
7．Traditionally 8.involve 9.greeting 10.fascinating
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．Sales
director
is
a
position
where
communication
(交流)
ability
is
just
as
important
as
sales
skills.
2．If
you
are
unconscious
(不知不觉的)
of
something,
you
don't
know
that
it
is
happening.
3．Though
having
lived
abroad
for
years,
many
Chinese
people
still
observe
the
traditional
(传统的)
customs.
4．You
should
get
away
from
the
aggressive
(挑衅的)
boys.
5．The
first
use
of
atomic
weapons
(武器)
was
in
1945
and
their
power
has
been
increased
enormously
ever
since.
6．Luckily,
I
dropped
out
before
the
deal
(交易)
turned
bad.
7．The
fire
spread
(蔓延)
through
the
hotel
very
quickly,
but
everyone
managed
to
get
out.
8．He
was
only
slightly
(稍微)
injured
in
the
accident.
9．The
temperature
in
our
country
varies
(变化)
with
the
season.
10．He
was
involved
(卷入)
in
great
trouble
because
of
careless
driving.
PAGEModule
3
Body
Language
and
Non-Verbal
Communication
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．religion
n．宗教→religious
adj.宗教的
2．host
n．主人→hostess
n．女主人
3．blank
adj.空白的→blank
n．空白
4．panic
v．恐慌；惊慌→panic
n．恐慌；惊慌→panicked
(过去式、过去分词)恐慌；惊慌→panicking(现在分词)恐慌；惊慌
5．rude
adj.粗鲁的，无礼的→rudely
adv.粗鲁地，无礼地→rudeness
n．粗鲁
6．invitation
n．邀请→invite
v．邀请
7．request
n．请求，要求→request
v．请求，要求
8．performance
n．表演→performer
n．表演者→perform
v．表演
9．applause
n．掌声→applaud
v．鼓掌
10．judgement
n．判断；意见→judge
v．判断
11．equality
n．平等→equal
adj.平等的→equal
v．等于；与……相同
12．social
adj.社会的→society
n．社会
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．stare
at
盯着看
2．lift
up
举起
3．up
and
down
一上一下地
4．by
accident
偶然地
5．say
hello
to
向……问好
6．switch
on
打开(灯、无线电等)
7．in
competition
with
与……进行比赛
8．touch
sb.on
the
head
触摸某人头部
9．go
blank
变得茫然
10．be
rude
to
对……粗鲁
1．bend
(bent,
bent)
v．弯下腰；(使)弯曲
Bend
your
legs
when
you
pick
up
something
heavy.
拾起重物时要屈腿。
The
branches
bent
in
the
wind.
树枝被风吹弯了。
图解
bend
的一词多义：
He
bent
(bend)
his
legs
to
do
exercise.
2．wipe
vt.擦；抹；揩
He
kept
on
wiping
his
eyes
with
the
back
of
his
hand.
他老是用手背擦眼睛。
She
took
a
cloth
and
wiped
down
the
kitchen
table.
她拿了一块布把厨房桌面擦干净。
Whole
villages
were
wiped
out
by
the
floods.
多个村庄被洪水整个吞没。
wipe...down
扫除；(用湿布)彻底揩擦干净
wipe...out
彻底毁灭；抹去
They
wiped
out
the
enemy.
3．toast
n．[C]/vt.祝酒；干杯
We
made
a
toast
to
the
bride
and
groom.
我们向新娘和新郎敬酒。
They
drank
a
toast
to
the
queen.
他们为女王干杯。
Everyone
stood
up
and
toasted
the
winner.
每个人都站起来向获胜者敬酒。
drink
a
toast
to...为……干杯
Let's
drink
a
toast
to
your
success.
4．panic
v．/n.[C，U]恐慌；惊慌
He
started
to
panic
when
he
saw
the
gun.
他看见枪就慌了起来。
The
children
ran
away
in
panic.
孩子们惊慌地逃走了。
panic
的过去式、过去分词、现在分词都要把c变为ck再加?ed或?ing。类似的可归纳如下：
picnic(野餐)→picnicked,
picnicked,
picnicking
traffic(交易)→trafficked,
trafficked,
trafficking
△规则：c后有e或i时，c的发音为[s]，为保持读音不变而加k。
get
into
a
panic
陷入惊慌
in
(a)
panic
在恐慌中
He
got
into
a
panic
on
seeing
the
snake.
5．invitation
n．[U]邀请；[C]请柬
Thank
you
for
your
kind
invitation.
谢谢你的盛情邀请。
She
travelled
to
the
city
at
the
invitation
of
the
mayor.
她应市长邀请去了那座城市。
We
had
three
invitations
to
parties.
我们收到了3封晚会请柬。
at
the
invitation
of
sb.应某人的邀请
invite
vt.邀请
He
received
an
invitation
(invite)
to
the
party.
6．request
vt./n.[C]请求；要求
I
requested
him
to
help
me.
我请求他帮忙。
You
can
request
a
free
copy
of
the
leaflet.
你可以索要一份免费的宣传单。
He
was
there
at
the
request
of
his
manager.
他按照经理的要求到了那里。
They
have
made
an
urgent
request
for
international
aid.
他们紧急要求国际援助。
[熟词]question→[词根]quest
(寻找；探求)→[生词]request
v．/n.请求，要求
at
sb.'s
request
(＝at
the
request
of
sb.)应某人的要求
make
a
request
(for
sth.)提出请求(要某物)
request
sb.
(not)
to
do
sth.请求某人(不要)做某事
request
sth.
from/of
sb.请求某人做某事
request
只可接一个宾语，在
request
that...及
It
is
requested
that...结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词要用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。
It
is
requested
that
the
work
(should)
be
finished
at
once.
这项工作要求立刻完成。
He
requested
us
to_finish
(finish)
the
work
before
noon.
7．favour
n．[C]恩惠；善意的行为
Could
you
do
me
a
favour?
你可以帮我一个忙吗？
What
you
did
is
really
a
big
favour
for
me.
你做的事真是帮了我的大忙。
I
would
never
ask
for
any
favours
from
her.
我再也不会请她帮任何忙了。
do
sb.
a
favour
帮某人的忙
ask
a
favour
of
sb.＝ask
sb.
a
favour
请求某人帮忙
in
favour
of
支持，赞同
in
one's
favour
对某人有利
He
is
in
favour
of
the
project.
8．live
adj.现场的 v．生活；居住
It
wasn't
a
recorded
show;
it
was
live.
这不是录制的表演，而是现场直播。
The
club
has
live
music
on
most
nights.
这个俱乐部大多数晚上都有现场的音乐演奏。
That
young
man
lived
a
simple
life.
那个年轻人过着朴素的生活。
alive
adj.活着的；存在的
living
adj.活着的
9．judgement
n．[U，C]判断；意见
She
showed
a
lack
of
judgement
when
she
gave
Mark
the
job.
她把这工作交给马克表明她缺乏判断力。
In
my
judgement,
we
should
do
it
at
once.
我的意见是我们应该立刻做这件事。
in
one's
judgement
按某人的看法
Her
judgement
(judge)
is
exact.
1．A
ray
of
light
will
not
bend
round
the
corners
without
the
help
of
reflecting
equipment.
解析：句意：如果不借助反射装置，一束光线将不会在拐角处弯折。bend
“弯曲”。
2．There
are
still
many
people
suffering
a
lot,
and
we
are
to
do
something
to
wipe
out
poverty.
解析：句意：很多人仍然在受苦，我们准备做些什么以消除贫穷。wipe
out
“毁灭；扫除”。
3．Mr
Anderson,
our
manager,
suggested
we
drink
a
toast
to
our
new
company.
解析：句意：我们的经理安德森先生提议为我们的新公司干杯。drink
a
toast
to...“为……干杯”。
4．—Dad,
there
is
a
snake
at
the
gate
crawling
this
way.
—Don't
panic,_boys;
there's
no
danger.
解析：句意：“爸爸，门外有条蛇在爬。”“不要害怕，孩子们，没什么危险。”panic
“恐慌；惊慌”，强调受惊吓的程度之深，在此为不及物动词。
5．I
gladly
accepted
their
invitation
to
open
the
party.
解析：句意：我愉快地接受了他们的邀请，为晚会主持开幕式。invitation
“邀请”。
6．Students
are
requested
not
to_smoke
(smoke)
both
in
and
out
of
school.
解析：句意：学生们被要求在校内外都不能吸烟。request
sb.(not)
to
do
sth.“要求某人(不要)做某事”，为固定搭配。
7．He
requested
that
she
(should)_stop
(stop)
talking.
解析：句意：他要求她停止讲话。request
后跟
that
从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。
8．Can
I
ask
you
a
favour?
I
can't
manage
it
by
myself.
解析：句意：你能帮我一个忙吗？我自己处理不了这件事。ask
sb.
a
favour＝do
sb.
a
favour，意为“请求某人帮忙”，符合句意。
9．In
order
to
help
people
to
see
the
performance
at
the
same
time,
the
TV
station
gave
a(n)
live
broadcast.
解析：句意：为了帮助人们同步收看表演，电视台进行了现场直播。live
“现场的”。
10．I
won't
give
you
any
advice.
You
must
use
your
own
judgement
(judge)
to
decide
whether
you
should
go
there
or
not.
解析：句意：我不会给你任何建议。你必须根据自己的判断来决定去不去。judgement
“判断”。
1．stare
at
凝视；盯着看
He
stared
at
the
girl,
trying
to
remember
who
she
was.
他盯着这个女孩，努力想记起她是谁。
stare
vi.凝视；盯着看
She
was
staring
into
the
distance.
她凝视着远方。
He
was
staring
out
over
the
fields.
他目不转睛地看着外面的田野。
He
stared
at
the
ceiling,
unable
to
fall
asleep.
2．lift
up
举起
The
suitcase
is
too
heavy
and
I
can't
lift
it
up.
那个箱子太重了，我举不起来。
He
hurt
his
arms
while
lifting
up
a
heavy
box.
他在举起重箱子时弄伤了双臂。
hold
up
举起，堵塞
put
up
张贴
cut
up
切碎
come
up
被提出
turn
up
开大
Tom
is
so
small
that
he
can't
lift
up
the
box.
3．up
and
down
一上一下地；来来回回
The
baby
monkey
was
jumping
up
and
down.
那个小猴子在上蹿下跳。
She
looked
at
me
up
and
down.
她上下打量我。
up
and
down
是用
and
连接两个反义词构成的短语。类似的短语还有：
come
and
go
来来往往
to
and
from
来来去去
here
and
there
处处；到处
hide
and
seek
捉迷藏
now
and
then
不时地
day
and
night
日日夜夜
He
walked
up
and
down
in
his
room.
4．by
accident
偶然地；意外地
I
met
an
old
friend
by
accident
at
my
workplace
yesterday.
我昨天在工作的地方偶然碰到一位老朋友。
The
discovery
was
made
almost
by
accident.
这几乎是意外发现的。
by
chance
偶然地
on
purpose
故意地
by
design
故意地
by
mistake
错误地
①I
took
your
pen
by
mistake,
for
your
pen
is
almost
the
same
as
mine.
②He
found
the
special
plant
in
the
woods
by
accident,
which
made
him
very
happy.
5．go
blank
空白；变得茫然
Suddenly
the
screen
went
blank.
屏幕突然变成一片空白。
My
heart
began
to
race
and
my
mind
went
blank.
我心跳开始加快，脑子里一片空白。
blank
adj.空白的；茫然的 n．[C]空白处
Write
your
name
in
the
blank
space.
把你的名字写在空白处。
I
tried
to
tell
her
the
truth,
but
she
just
gave
me
a
blank
look.
我想告诉她真相，但她只是茫然地看着我。
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
words.
用合适的词填空。
At
those
boring
meetings,
people
usually
sit
still,
looking
blank,
or
do
some
drawings
on
blank
paper.
在那些无聊的会议上，人们通常一动不动地坐着，面无表情，或者在白纸上画画。
On
seeing
the
bad
result,
his
mind
went
blank.
6．be
rude
to
对……粗鲁
He
was
punished
because
he
was
rude
to
his
teacher.
他因对老师无礼而被处罚。
Don't
be
so
rude
to
your
parents!
别对你的父母这么没礼貌！
it's
rude
of
sb.
to
do
sth.某人做某事是粗鲁的
be
kind
to
sb.对某人热心
be
true
to
sb.对某人真诚
be
polite
to
sb.对某人礼貌
be
respectful
to
sb.对某人尊敬
be
friendly
to
sb.对某人友好
be
good
to
sb.对某人好
Don't
be
rude
to
your
teacher.
7．say
hello/hi
to
向……问好
Say
hello/hi
to
your
mom
and
dad.
代我向你的爸爸妈妈问好。
A
boy
just
called
to
say
hello
to
you.
一个男孩刚打电话来向你问好。
say
goodbye
to
向……道别
say
no
to
拒绝……
say
sorry
to
向……道歉
He
said
sorry
to
his
father.
1．He
is
rude
to
his
uncle,
so
his
father
said,
“It's
rude
of
you
to
do
like
that.”
解析：句意：他对叔叔很粗鲁，因此他父亲说：“你那样做是不礼貌的。”be
rude
to
sb.“对某人粗鲁”；It
is
rude
of
sb.
to
do
sth.“某人做某事是粗鲁的”。
2．It
is
a
good
manner
to
say
hello
to
teachers
when
you
meet
them.
解析：句意：遇见老师时向他们问好是礼貌之举。say
hello
to
sb.“向某人问好”。
3．Lift
up
those
books
and
bring
me
the
paper
under
them.
解析：句意：搬起那些书，把下面的纸递给我。lift
up
“举起”。
4．Look!
The
lovely
dog
is
jumping
up_and_down
to
show
its
special
skills.
解析：句意：看！这只可爱的小狗正在上蹿下跳展示它的特殊技能。up
and
down
“一上一下地”，作状语。
5．My
father
walked
up
and
down
in
the
room,
as
if
he
was
thinking
over
something.
解析：句意：父亲在房间里走来走去，好像在想事情。up
and
down
“来来回回”。
6．The
little
girl
stared
at
the
little
cat
sleeping
in
the
basket.
解析：句意：小女孩凝视着在篮子里睡觉的小猫。stare
at
“凝视；盯着看”，为固定搭配。
7．We
met
by
accident
and
we
have
been
good
friends
since
then.
解析：句意：我们是偶然相遇的，从那时起，我们就成了好朋友。by
accident
“偶然地；意外地”。
8．When
a
policeman
stood
before
him,
he
felt
his
mind
went
blank.
解析：句意：当一个警察站在他面前时，他感到大脑一片空白。go
blank
“空白；变得茫然”。
1．In
France
you
should
shake
hands
every
time
you
say
hello
and
goodbye.
在法国，每次你打招呼或说再见时都应握手。
句中
every
time＝whenever，作连词用，后接句子，引导时间状语从句。英语中许多含有
time
的短语都可作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似
every
time
的短语包括：next
time，last
time，the
first
time，by
the
time
等。除此之外，the
minute，the
moment，the
day，the
year
等都可以这样用。
Every
time
I
saw
the
teacher
standing
near
me,
I
felt
nervous.
每次看到老师站在我旁边，我都会紧张。
I'll
tell
you
about
it
the
moment
you
come.
你一来我就告诉你这件事。
The
first
time
I
saw
you,
you
were
just
a
kid.
我第一次看见你时，你还是个小孩。
By
the
time
the
plane
landed
successfully,
I
had
been
waiting
at
the
airport
for
3
hours.
到飞机成功降落为止，我已在机场等了三个小时了。
Every
time
he
goes
(go)
to
the
shop,
he'll
buy
some
wine.
2．The
theatre
was
large—it
could
hold
14,000
people,
half
the
adult
male
population
of
the
city，which
meant
that
the
audience
could
make
a
lot
of
noise.
剧院很大——能容纳14
000人，占这个城市成年男性人口的一半，这也就意味着观众能制造震耳欲聋的噪声。
which
meant...为非限制性定语从句，which
代替前面整句话的内容。
He
didn't
pass
the
exam,
which
made
me
sad.
他没有通过考试，这使我难过。
as
与
which
两者都可引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句的一部分内容，有时可以互换，但
as
位置灵活，而
which
只能置于主句之后。as
常用于
as
has
been
said，as
is
well
known，as
often
happens，as
we
all
know，as
we
can
see，as
we
expect
等结构中，可以译为“正如”，而
which
不能；但当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或类似一个复合结构时，一般用
which
而不用
as。
He
killed
my
dog,
which
made
me
sad.
3．But
some
occasions
on
which
people
clap
change
from
one
country
to
another.
但人们鼓掌的场合随国家不同而不同。
on
which
引导定语从句，相当于
where，但意义更准确。“介词＋which”引导定语从句时，which
不能换成
that，若先行词是人，可换成
whom。which
在定语从句中充当介词宾语，一般将介词置于关系代词之前(固定的动词词组除外)。
There
is
a
room,
the
window
of
which
faces
the
river.
有一间房子，窗户朝着这条河。
The
wrong
you
have
done
him
is
terrible,
for
which
you
should
make
an
apology
to
him.
你太冤枉他了，你该就此向他道歉。
occasion，condition
与
situation
①occasion
意为“时机；场合”，与
on搭配。
People
get
formally
dressed
on
the
wedding
occasion.
在婚礼场合，人们穿着十分正式。
②condition
意为“情况；状况”，多用复数。condition
和
on
搭配时可译为“条件”。
Economic
conditions
were
bad.
经济状况不佳。
③situation
意为“处境；形势；局面”，多与
in
搭配；接定语从句时，situation
使用
where(＝in
which)引导；而
occasion
使用
when(＝on
which)引导。
He
was
in
a
hopeless
situation.
他处于无望境地。
Can
you
imagine
a
situation
where/in
which
the
word
can
be
used?
你能想到一种可以使用该词的情景吗？
There
was
an
occasion
on
which
he
lost
his
temper.
1．She
gives
me
a
sweet
smile
every
time
she
sees
me.
解析：every
time
可作连词用，连接两个句子。
2．There
is
no
simple
answer,
as
is
often
the
case
in
science.
解析：as
is
often
the
case
情况经常如此。
3．We
have
launched
another
man?made
satellite,
which
is
announced
in
today's
newspaper.
解析：which
引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替上文。
4．Please
pay
attention
to
the
occasion
when/on_which
you
deliver
the
speech.
解析：先行词为
the
occasion，定语从句用when/on
which
引导。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
winning
of
hosting
(举办)
the
2014
Youth
Olympic
Games
is
a
victory
not
only
for
Nanjing
residents,
but
for
the
people
of
the
whole
Chinese
nation.
2．The
reason
why
he
refused
to
attend
the
meeting
was
that
they
didn't
give
him
an
invitation
(邀请)
earlier.
3．Would
you
do
me
a
favour
(帮忙)
and
give
me
a
ride?
4．The
basketball
coach,
as
well
as
his
team,
was
interviewed
shortly
after
the
match
for
their
outstanding
performance
(表现)．
5．He
is
equal
(胜任)
to
the
job
of
running
the
office.
6．We
need
to
learn
how
to
be
polite
when
we
make
requests
(请求)．
7．Will
you
please
make
a
judgement
(意见)
about
the
situation?
8．The
girl
wiped
(擦)
tears
off
her
face
and
smiled
at
us.
9．Few
young
people
are
fond
of
classical
(古典的)
music.
10．The
thought
of
flying
fills
me
with
panic
(恐慌),
because
I
can't
stand
being
that
high.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The
father
stared_at_the_paper_for_a_while
(盯着试卷看了一会儿)．
2．The
gunfire
panicked_the_horses
(使马受到惊吓)．
3．It_is_rude_of_you
(你是不礼貌的)
to
speak
to
your
parents
like
that.
4．The
teacher
requested
that
we_(should)_wait_for_him_at_the_school_gate
(我们在校门口等他)．
5．All
the
students
are_in_favor_of_the_plan
(赞同这个计划)．
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