Module
4
Great
Scientists
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．producer
n．生产者→produce
v．生产→production
n．产量
2．leading
adj.主要的→lead
v．带领；率领
3．educate
vt.教育→education
n．教育
4．agriculture
n．农业→agricultural
adj.农业的
5．original
adj.原来的；最初的→originally
adv.最初，原先→origin
n．起源，开端；出身，血统
6．support
vt.&
n．支持→supporter
n．支持者
7．convert
vt.改变；转换→conversion
n．转变；转换
8．export
vt.出口→import
vt.进口
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．bring
up
培养，养育；吐出
2．be
interested
in
对……感兴趣
3．the
key
to...……的关键
4．experiment
with
用……做实验
5．search
for
寻找，搜寻
6．bring
in
引入，挣得
7．as
a
result
of由于……的结果
8．convert
to...转变为……
9．refer
to
提及；查阅；涉及
10．react
with
与……发生反应
1．leading
adj.主要的
He
was
offered
the
leading
role
in
the
new
TV
series.
他应邀在那部新电视连续剧中扮演主角。
She
is
one
of
the
leading
writers
of
her
day.
她是她那个时代最重要的作家之一。
lead
v．领导；率领；指挥 n．[U]领导；领先地位
take
the
lead
带头，领先
He
took
the
lead
in
the
activity.
2．figure
n．[C]人物；体形；图案；画像；数字
He
is
an
important
political
figure
in
Indian
history.
他是印度历史上一位重要的政治人物。
She's
always
had
a
good
figure.
她一向体态秀美。
The
wall
was
covered
with
figures
of
birds
and
flowers.
墙上满是鸟和花的图形。
The
figure
of
the
figures
on
show
is
108.
所展出的画像数目是108。
图解figure的一词多义：
put
a
figure
on...准确说出……的数额
figure
out
计算出
He
didn't
figure
out
why
he
was
turned
down.
3．educate
vt.教育
It's
a
difficult
task
to
educate
children.
教育孩子是一项艰难的任务。
He
has
been
educated
at
college.
他接受过大学教育。
She
was
brought
up
by
her
grandmother
and
educated
at
the
local
school.
她是由祖母抚养大的，在当地一所学校上的学。
education
n．[U]教育
educated
adj.受过教育的；有教养的
educational
adj.教育的；有教育意义的
He
received
his
education
(educate)
in
a
local
school.
4．original
adj.原来的；最初的；新颖的；独特的
The
original
owner
of
the
house
was
Duke
Wellington.
这房子原来的主人是威灵顿公爵。
Our
original
plan
wasn't
very
good.
我们最初的计划不太好。
修饰
original
可以用副词
very,
highly
等。
That's
not
a
very
original
suggestion.
那个建议没什么新意。
origin
n．[U，C]起源；源头
He
abandoned
his
original
(origin)
plan.
5．breakthrough
n．[C](知识或技术领域的重大)突破
An
important
breakthrough
in
medical
research
has
been
achieved.
医学研究已取得了重大突破。
China
made
a
great
breakthrough
in
the
Han
Dynasty
in
printing.
汉朝时中国在印刷术上取得重大突破。
break
down
损坏 →breakdown
n．故障
put
out
生产；输出
→output
n．产量；输出
come
out
出现；结果是
→outcome
n．结果；后果
He
made
a
breakthrough
in
his
studies.
6．support
vt./n.[U，C]支持；支撑
They
supported
each
other.
他们互相支持。
The
government
supported
these
organisations
in
raising
money
for
the
homeless.
政府支持这些机构为无家可归的人筹集善款。
The
posts
support
the
roof.
这些柱子支撑着房顶。
He
spoke
in
support
of
the
plan.
他发言支持这项计划。
support
sb.
in
(doing)
sth.支持某人(做)某事
in
support
of
支持……
All
of
us
are
in
support
of
your
plan.
7．export
v．/n.[C，U]出口(商品)
The
United
States
exports
soybeans.
美国出口大豆。
Wool
is
one
of
the
major
exports
of
Australia.
羊毛是澳大利亚的主要出口产品之一。
飞机场(airport)又叫“航空港”。[熟词]airport→[生词]port港口→[生词]export[ex?(出)＋port]
v．/n.出口(商品)
Fresh
fruit
is
one
of
their
exports
(export)．
8．replace
vt.取代；以……代替
Can
anything
replace
a
mother's
love
and
care?
有什么东西能取代母亲的爱与关怀吗？
I
replaced
the
worn?out
tires
with/by
new
ones.
我用新轮胎替换了磨损不堪的旧轮胎。
replace...with/by
以……代替/替换
take
the
place
of
代替
take
one's
place
代替；就座
in
place
of
代替(介词短语，后不接v.?ing形式)
He
took
the
place
of
his
boss
while
he
was
away.
9．quantity
n．[U，C]数量
He
bought
a
large
quantity
of
books.
他买了大量的书。
She
has
quantities
of
beautiful
clothes.
她有许多漂亮的衣服。
It's
cheaper
to
buy
goods
in
large
quantities.
大批量购货比较便宜。
a
(large)
quantity
of...＝(large)
quantities
of...许多……；大量……
in
quantity＝in
large
quantities
大量地
large
quantities
of既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用复数。
quantity,
number,
amount
quantity
指“数量”，与可数名词或不可数名词连用皆可。
number
指“数”，与可数名词连用。
amount
指“量”，与不可数名词连用。
A
quantity
of
water
has
been
stored.
已经存储了大量的水。
A
number
of
visitors
have
been
there.
那里已有大量的游客。
A
large
amount
of
money
has
been
raised.
已经筹集了大量的钱。
Large
quantities
of
water
are
(be)
needed.
10．convert
vt.改变；转换
The
solar
cell
can
convert
the
energy
of
sunlight
into
electric
energy.
太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。
The
room
was
converted
from
a
sitting
room
to
a
bedroom.
这个房间由客厅改装成了卧室。
convert
sth.(from
sth.)into/to
sth.把……(从……)转变为……convert
sb.from
sth.to
sth.使人改变，转变信仰
My
daughter
has
converted
me
from
opera
to
pop
music.
我女儿使我从喜欢歌剧转而喜欢流行音乐。
They
converted
the
old
cinema
into
a
theatre.
1．With
the
fast
development
of
economy，a
lot
of
farmlands
were
converted
(convert)
to
industrial，residential
or
other
uses.
解析：convert
改变，转变。句意：随着经济的快速发展，大量农田被转化为工业、住宅或其他用地。
2．It
just
happens
that
we
need
a
few
salesmen
now
to
replace
(place)
those
who
are
on
holiday.
解析：句意：现在赶巧我们需要几位销售人员代替那些正在度假的。replace
“取代；以……代替”。
3．As
a
result
of
destroying
the
forests,
a
large
quantity
of
desert
has
(have)
covered
the
land.
解析：句意：由于森林被破坏，大片的沙漠覆盖了田地。a
large
quantity
of
后既可接可数名词的复数形式，也可接不可数名词；a
quantity
of...作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
4．I
hope
you
will
support
me
in
my
efforts
to
discover
the
truth.
解析：句意：我希望在我努力寻找事情真相的时候，你可以支持我。support
“支持”，support
sb.
in
sth.“支持某人做某事”。
5．The
fall
in
export
(port)
had
a
great
effect
on
the
country's
economy.
解析：句意：出口量的下降对这个国家的经济有很大的影响。export
“出口”。
6．We
have
to
say
that
the
teacher
has
done
his
best
to
educate
(education)
and
save
him.
解析：句意：我们不得不说老师对他的教育挽救可谓尽心尽力。educate
“教育”。
7．His
original
(origin)
name
is
different
from
this
one
now.
解析：句意：他的原名不同于现在的这个。original
“原来的；最初的”。
8．Scientists
have
made
a
major
breakthrough
(break)
in
the
treatment
of
this
disease.
解析：句意：科学家在治疗这种疾病方面取得了重大突破。breakthrough
“突破”。
9．Jim
is
active
and
he
often
plays
a
leading
(lead)
part
in
many
kinds
of
activities
in
our
class.
解析：句意：吉姆非常积极，经常在我们班的各种活动中发挥主要作用。leading
“主要的”。
10．As
a
leading
figure
in
the
field
of
science,
Yang
Zhenning
attended
the
important
meeting.
解析：句意：作为科学界的一个主要人物，杨振宁参加了那个重要的会议。figure
在此句中意为“人物”。
1．bring
up
培养；养育；提出；拿出；呕吐
In
my
day,
children
were
brought
up
to
respect
the
law.
在我小的时候，孩子们都接受教育要遵守法律。
He
was
brought
up
by
his
grandparents.
他是由祖父母抚养大的。
Why
did
you
have
to
bring
up
the
subject
of
money?
你为什么非要提钱这个话题？
He
brought
up
all
his
dinner.
他把吃的饭全吐出来了。
bring
about
引导；导致；致使
bring
forward
提出
bring
in
产生；获利，赚钱，引进
bring
out
使显现；阐释；说明；出版
bring
down
降低
①The
film
brought
back
my
childhood
when
I
could
go
out
to
play
in
the
evening.
②He
was
brought
up
by
his
uncle
after
his
parents
died.
③He
can
bring
in
5,000
yuan
a
month
in
that
company.
④The
government
is
taking
measures
to
bring
down
the
housing
price.
⑤Her
carelessness
brought
about
the
accident.
2．as
a
result
of
由于……的结果
As
a
result
of
the
flood,
thousands
of
people
lost
their
homes.
由于洪灾，成千上万的人失去了家园。
She
won
the
scholarship
as
a
result
of
her
hard
work.
由于学习努力，她获得了奖学金。
as
a
result,
as
a
result
of
as
a
result
意为“作为结果；因此”，后面的部分表示结果。
as
a
result
of
意为“作为……的结果；由于”，of
后跟名词、代词或动名词，表示原因。
(a)The
conditions
were
poor.
As
a
result,
a
sit?down
strike
began.＝(b)A
sit?down
strike
began
as
a
result
of
the
poor
conditions.由于条件太差，结果发生了静坐罢工。
①As
a
result
of
the
traffic
jam,
he
was
late
again.
②His
carelessness
resulted
in
the
car
accident.
③The
accident
resulted
from
the
fog.
3．the
key
to...……的关键，……的要点
That's
the
key
to
solving
the
problem.
那是解决问题的关键。
The
weather
holds
the
key
to
our
success
or
failure.
我们的成功与失败取决于天气。
the
answer
to
the
question
问题的答案
the
key
to
the
door
门的钥匙
notes
to
the
text
课本注释
an
end
to
the
meeting
会议的结束
the
entrance
to
the
building
大厦的入口
The
key
to
winning
(win)
the
game
is
to
team
up.
1．The
key
to_winning
(win)
the
game
is
your
determination.
解析：the
key
to
doing
sth.。
2．Brought
(bring)up
in
a
poor
family,
Alice
studies
very
hard.
解析：句意：爱丽丝成长在一个贫穷的家庭，她学习非常努力。bring
up
“培养；养育”，此处用其过去分词作状语，表示被动。
3．As
a
result
of
her
hard
work
and
much
practice,
Joan
won
the
first
place
in
the
English
speaking
contest.
解析：句意：由于她的努力训练，琼在英语演讲比赛中得了一等奖。as
a
result
of
“由于……的结果”。
4．I
was
so
careless
in
the
exam.As
a
result,
I
made
so
many
mistakes.
解析：句意：考试时我太粗心了，结果犯了如此多的错误。as
a
result
“因此”。
1．He
thought
that
the
key
to
feeding
people
was
to
have
more
rice
and
to
produce
it
more
quickly.
他认为养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。
to
have
more
rice
and
to
produce
it
more
quickly
是动词不定式作表语。
His
aim
is
to
get
the
first
place.
他的目标是获得第一名。
My
aim
is
to_win
(win)
the
game.
2．Its
yield
is
much
greater
than
the
yield
of
other
types
of
rice
grown
in
Pakistan.
它的产量远高于巴基斯坦种植的其他种类的水稻。
(1)greater
than
the
yield
of
other
types
用比较级表示最高级含义。
(2)grown
in
Pakistan
为过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句
which
are
grown
in
Pakistan。
用比较级形式表示最高级含义的几种形式：
(1)比较级＋than＋any
other＋可数名词单数
Jane
is
taller
than
any
other
girl
in
her
class.
简比她们班里其他任何一个女孩都高。
(2)比较级＋than＋any
of
the
other＋可数名词复数
Jane
is
taller
than
any
of
the
other
girls
in
her
class.
简比她们班里其他任何一个女孩都高。
(3)比较级＋than＋all
(the)
other＋可数名词复数
Jane
is
taller
than
all
(the)
other
girls
in
her
class.
简比她们班里其他任何一个女孩都高。
(4)比较级＋than＋anyone
else
Jane
is
taller
than
anyone
else
in
her
class.
简比她们班里其他任何一个女孩都高。
(5)比较级＋than＋the
rest
of＋复数名词或不可数名词
Jane
is
taller
than
the
rest
of
girls
in
her
class.
简比她们班里其他任何一个女孩都高。
He
is
younger
(young)
than
me.
3．make＋宾语＋done
使……被……
Helen
had
to
shout
above
the
sound
of
music
to
make
herself
heard.
海伦不得不提高声音压过音乐以便让大家听到她说话。
That
foreign
stranger
had
to
explain
once
and
again
to
make
himself
understood.
那个外国人不得不一遍一遍地解释以便人们能够理解他的意思。
make
sb.
do
sth.使某人做某事
This
boss
made
his
workers
work
all
day
but
paid
them
poorly.
这个老板让他的工人整天工作，但是给他们的报酬却很低。
He
made
his
house
repaired
(repair)
two
days
ago.
1．He
was
busy
all
the
night
to
make
the
work
finished
(finish)．
解析：句意：他忙了一整晚，为了把工作做完。make
the
work
finished
“使工作被做完”。finished
是过去分词作
make
结构中的宾语补足语。
2．The
boy
runs
faster
than
any
other
boy
in
his
class.
解析：本题考查在同一范围之内比较应该用“比较级＋than
any
other＋单数名词”。
3．That
is
the
only
way
we
can
imagine
to_reduce
(reduce)
the
overuse
of
water
in
students'
bathrooms.
解析：the
way
to
do
sth.做……的方法。
4．The
key
to
winning
the
game
is
to_train
(train)
hard.
解析：动词不定式作表语。
Ⅰ.语法填空
The
Chinese
scientist,
Yuan
Longping,
is
a
__1__
(lead)
figure
in
the
rice?growing
world.
He
was
born
and
brought
__2__
in
China.
__3__
a
boy
he
was
__4__
(educate)
in
many
schools.
He
studied
agriculture
in
college.
As
a
young
teacher
he
began
__5__
(experiment)
in
crop
breeding.
He
thought
that
the
key
to
__6__
(feed)
people
was
to
have
more
rice
and
to
produce
it
more
quickly.
After
many
years'
hard
work,
he
__7__
(produce)
a
new
plant
by
__8__
(cross)
different
species
of
rice
plant,
which
could
give
a
higher
yield
than
either
of
the
__9__
(origin)
plants.
This
breakthrough
in
rice
breeding
has
made
great
contributions
__10__
the
world.
1．leading 2.up 3.As 4.educated 5.experiments
6．feeding 7.produced 8.crossing 9.original 10.to
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．Since
I
was
well
educated
(教育),
I
got
a
job
working
in
an
office.
2．Agriculture
(农业)
plays
a
very
important
part
in
the
world.
3．According
to
China's
12th
Five?Year
Plan,
improving
food
quality
(质量)
and
ensuring
food
safety
will
continue
to
be
a
major
focus.
4．She
supported
(支持)
her
husband
through
many
difficult
times.
5．Weather
plays
an
important
part
in
agriculture
(农业)．
6．They
have
made
a
breakthrough
(突破)
in
breeding
the
new
plant.
7．Many
fishermen
on
the
seaside
converted
(转换)
their
houses
into
“family
hotels”．
8．George
is
a
well?known
professor
in
our
university.
He
has
published
(出版)
several
books.
9．People
think
farmers
might
find
it
difficult
to
export
(出口)
products
from
cloned
animals.
10．Shopping
online
will
never
replace
(代替)
shopping
from
stores.
PAGEModule
4
Great
Scientists
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．diagnose
vt.诊断→diagnosis
n．诊断；判断
2．brilliant
adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的→brilliantly
adv.聪颖地；灿烂地→brilliance
n．才华；鲜艳
3．brief
adj.简短的；简洁的→briefly
adv.短暂地；简洁地，简要地
4．partly
adv.部分地；在一定程度上→part
n．部分
5．physical
adj.身体的→physically
adv.身体上地
6．graduate
vi.毕业→graduation
n．毕业
7．personal
adj.个人的→personally
adv.在自己看来
8．explosion
n．爆炸→explode
v．爆炸
9．escape
vi.&
n．逃跑；逃避
10．straight
adj.直的
adv.笔直地；直接地；连续地→straighten
v．把……弄直
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．be
known
for
以……出名
2．because
of
由于
3．earn
one's
living
谋生
4．come
to
power
掌权
5．by
accident
偶然，意外地
6．escape
from
从……逃离
7．at
war
在交战
8．be
attached
to
被绑在……上；附属于……
9．instead
of
而不是
10．in...direction
朝……方向
1．brilliant
adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的
She
has
one
of
the
most
brilliant
minds
in
the
country.
她是全国最有才气的人之一。
Charles
is
a
brilliant
musician.
查尔斯是位才华横溢的音乐家。
intelligent
adj.聪明的
smart
adj.聪明的
He
is
a
brilliant
artist.
2．career
n．[C]生涯；经历；职业；事业
She
spent
most
of
her
career
working
in
Edinburgh.
她工作生涯中的大部分时间都是在爱丁堡度过的。
My
career
as
an
English
teacher
didn't
last
long.
我的英语教师生涯没维持多久。
[熟词]car→[生词]career
本义为“马车驶过的路”，引申为“生涯；经历”：
He
is
devoted
to
his
career
as
a
teacher.
3．brief
adj.简短的；简洁的 n．[C]摘要；大纲
He
wrote
me
a
brief
letter
because
of
the
shortage
of
time.
因为时间紧迫，他给我写了一封短信。
To
be
brief,
this
book
is
not
worth
buying.
简而言之，这本书不值得买。
Give
your
reason
in
brief.
简要说明你的理由。
to
be
brief
简而言之(作插入语)
in
brief
简言之；简短地
briefly
adv.简要地；扼要地
He
told
me
the
plan
in
brief.
4．partly
adv.部分地；在一定程度上
The
house
was
partly
buried
in
snow.
那房子一部分被埋在雪里。
I
study
English
partly
because
I
like
it
and
partly
because
it
is
useful.
我学英语一来是因为我喜欢，二来是因为它有用。
Some
people
are
unwilling
to
attend
the
classes
partly
because
of
the
cost
involved.
有些人不愿来上课，部分原因是所需要的费用问题。
The
students
partly
(part)
come
from
America.
5．physical
adj.身体的；物理(学)的
Your
father
appears
to
be
in
good
physical
health.
你父亲看起来身体很健康。
It's
a
physical
impossibility
to
be
in
two
places
at
once.
同时在两地出现在物理上是不可能的。
These
physical
(physics)
changes
are
obvious.
6．graduate
vi.毕业 n．[C](大学)毕业生
He
graduated
in
law.
他毕业于法律系。
These
graduates
all
graduated
from
Oxford
University.
这些大学生都毕业于牛津大学。
graduate
graduation
n．[U]毕业；毕业典礼
①He
graduated
from
Beijing
University
in
1996.
②He
was
sent
abroad
after
graduation
(graduate)．
7．personal
adj.个人的；私人的
My
personal
view
is
that
we
shouldn't
offer
him
the
job.
我个人认为我们不该给他这份工作。
Style
and
colour
are
a
matter
of
personal
taste.
款式和颜色是个人爱好问题。
The
car
is
for
your
personal
use
only.
这部车只供你个人使用。
He
never
talks
about
his
personal
life
at
work.
他上班时从不谈论他的私生活。
personal
taste/preference
个人品味/喜好
personal
qualities
人品
personally
adv.就个人而言
personality
n．[C，U]性格；个性；人格
in
person
亲自
①Personally
(person),
I
think
the
meeting
is
a
success.
②He
went
to
see
his
friend
in
person.
8．escape
v．逃跑；逃避；逃脱
A
lion
has
escaped
from
its
cage.
有一头狮子从笼中逃走了。
You
are
lucky
to
escape
punishment/being
punished.
你逃脱了惩罚，真幸运。
escape
from
从……逃出；从……漏去
escape
doing
sth.
逃脱做某事
escape
n.
逃离；逃脱；逃避
a
narrow
escape
九死一生
He
escaped
doing
(do)
his
homework
yesterday.
9．straight
adj.直的；正直的 adv.直；直接
She
wears
straight
hair.
她留着直发。
That
line
is
not
straight.
那条线不直。
The
smoke
rose
straight
upward.
烟直往上冒。
He
went
to
help
the
old
lady
straight
away.
他毫不犹豫地去帮助那位老太太。
Straight
trees
are
used
widely;
straight
persons
have
more
friends.
(谚)树直用处多，人直朋友多。[△straight
前者为原义“直的”，后者为比喻义“正直的。”]
straight
away
立刻；马上
straighten
v．(使)变直
He
straightened
(straight)
the
tree
with
a
rope.
10．clear
v．(烟雾)消散；清除
The
cloud
slowly
cleared
and
the
sun
came
out.
云渐渐散去，太阳出来了。
If
the
weather
clears
up,
we
can
go
out
for
a
walk.
如果天气放晴，我们可以出去散步。
Our
job
is
to
clear
away
the
rubbish.
我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。
clear
up
(天气)放晴；整理；收拾；澄清
clear
away
清除；整理
Please
clear
away
the
rubbish.
1．It's
typical
of
him
to
leave
some
ends
for
me
to
clear
up
for
him.
解析：句意：他做事老留尾巴让我来收拾。clear
up
“整理；收拾”。
2．Humans
are
cutting
down
the
forests
to
clear
(clear)the
land
for
other
uses.
解析：句意：人类正在砍伐森林，以便清理出空间作他用。clear
“清除”。
3．Whoever
breaks
traffic
regulations
can't
escape
being_fined
(fine)．
解析：句意：任何一个违反交通规则的人都不会逃脱被罚款。escape
“逃脱”，作及物动词时后跟名词或动名词形式。
4．You
were
very
lucky
to
have
escaped
from
the
big
fire
last
night.
解析：句意：你非常幸运，昨晚逃离了那场大火。escape
from
“逃离”，为固定搭配。
5．This
street
was
straight
but
narrow,
so
only
a
few
trucks
went
along
it.
解析：句意：这条路虽然很直，但却很窄，所以走这条路的卡车很少。straight
“直的”。
6．Paganini
was
a
brilliant
violinist,
famous
for
his
technical
skill
in
both
playing
and
composing
music.
解析：句意：帕格尼尼是一位杰出的小提琴家，以弹奏小提琴和作曲的双重技艺而闻名。brilliant
“聪颖的；才华横溢的”。
7．During
the
most
productive
time
in
her
career，she
wrote
five
novels.
解析：句意：在她创作生涯中最多产的时期，她写了5部小说。career
“生涯；经历”。
8．At
the
meeting,
Mr
Brown
made
a
brief
speech,
short
but
to
the
point.
解析：句意：布朗先生在会上作了一个简短的演讲，但是言简意赅。由后面的
short
和
to
the
point
(切题)可推知用brief
“简短的；简洁的”。
9．As
he
was
anxious
to
deal
with
the
company's
affairs,
he
only
had
time
to
give
a
report
in
brief
to
the
students.
解析：句意：由于他急于回公司处理事务，他只来得及给学生作一个简短的报告。in
brief
“简短地”，着重于重点突出。
10．Till
today,
I
remember
some
works
partly
(part)
because
of
the
beauty
of
the
language
or
images
but
more
because
of
their
expression
of
wisdom.
解析：句意：直到今天，我还记得一些作品，部分是因为它们优美的文字或影像，但是更多的是因为它们所表达的智慧。partly
“部分地；在一定程度上”。
11．Staying
up
late
makes
him
at
his
worst
in
terms
of
physical
(physics)
situation.
解析：句意：熬夜使得他的身体状况处于低潮。physical
“身体的；肉体的”。
12．I'm
willing
to
go
to
work
in
a
faraway
village
after
I
graduate
from
university.
解析：句意：大学毕业后我愿意到一个遥远的乡村工作。graduate
“毕业”，graduate
from
“从……毕业”。
1．earn
one's
living
谋生
She
earned
her
living
by
teaching.
她以教书谋生。
She
earned
her
living
as
a
part?time
secretary.
她靠做兼职秘书为生。
make
a/one's
living
谋生
earn
money
挣钱
Harry
has
been
out
of
work
for
six
months,
so
he
has
difficulty
(in)_earning
(earn)
his
living.
2．come
to
power
掌权
When
did
the
party
come
to
power?
该政党是何时掌权的？
De
Gaulle
came
to
power
in
1958.
戴高乐于1958年开始执政。
in
power
执政；掌权
beyond
one's
power
超出某人的能力
in
one's
power
为某人力所能及
have
power
over
控制，支配
①He
has
been
in
power
for
3
years.
②My
English
is
poor,
so
helping
you
learn
English
is
beyond
my
power.
③He
came
to/into
power
when
he
was
only
38.
3．be
diagnosed
with/as
(某人)被诊断为……
He
has
been
diagnosed
with/as
angina
recently.
他最近被诊断出患有心绞痛。
若某病症被确诊为某种疾病，则只用介词
as。
The
illness
was
diagnosed
as
cancer.
此病症被诊断为癌症。
He
was
diagnosed
with
heart
attack.
4．be
at
war
with
与……交战
The
country
has
been
at
war
with
its
neighbour
for
two
years.
这个国家与邻国已打了两年仗了。
The
two
sisters
are
constantly
at
war
with
each
other.
这两姐妹不时发生争执。
at
可表示动作或状态，“在做”。
at
peace处于和平状态
at
rest
静止
at
work
在工作
at
school在上学
at
play
在玩耍
at
sea
在航海
China
was
at
war
with
Japan
in
1937.
1．How
long
do
you
think
they
have
been
at
war?
解析：本题考查短语的用法。“战争中”用at
war表示。
2．He
was
diagnosed
with
cancer.
解析：be
diagnosed
with
被诊断为……。
3．Harry
has
lost
his
legs
during
the
traffic
accident,
so
he
has
difficulty
(in)_earning
(earn)
his
living.
解析：句意：哈利在事故中失去了双腿，所以他很难谋生。have
difficulty
(in)
doing
费力做……。
4．The
project
has
been
off
our
hands
since
the
new
manager
came
(come)
to
power.
解析：句意：自从新经理上任之后，项目就不归我们管了。since
从句中用一般过去时。
1．In
Stephen
Hawking's
case
it
was
discovered
that
he
was
a
brilliant
scientist.
在霍金这个例子中，人们发现他是一个才华横溢的科学家。
句中
it
作形式主语，真正的主语是主语从句
that
he
was
a
brilliant
scientist。
It
is
said
that
he
won
a
gold
medal.
2．Moving
in
a
wheelchair
and
speaking
through
a
special
computer，he
has
become
the
voice
of
science.
坐在轮椅上前行，讲话要借助于一种特殊的电脑，他成为科学界的代言人。
Moving
in
a
wheelchair
and
speaking...这两个并列的现在分词短语在句中作方式状语。
The
little
boy
stood
leaning
against
the
wall.
这个小男孩倚着墙站着。
Standing
(stand)
on
the
top
of
the
hill,
he
admired
the
beautiful
scenery.
3．The
Chinese
discovered
that
the
gas
escaping
from
the
tube
could
lift
it
into
the
air.
中国人发现从竹管里逸出的气体能将竹筒发射到空中去。
escaping
from
the
tube
是现在分词短语，在此处作后置定语，修饰
the
gas。
A
little
child
learning
to
walk
often
falls.
刚学走路的小孩经常摔倒。
The
men
working
in
that
factory
are
all
from
the
rural
areas.
在那家工厂工作的人都来自农村。
Who
is
the
man
speaking
to
you
just
now?
刚才跟你讲话的那名男子是谁？
The
woman
sitting
(sit)
in
the
shade
was
sewing
a
sweater.
4．The
tubes
were
attached
to
a
long
stick
which
helped
keep
the
rocket
moving
in
a
straight
direction.
竹管被绑在一根长棍子上，这根棍子能帮助火箭沿笔直的方向运动。
keep
在此处表示“使某人或某物保持某种状态”，后面接复合宾语。
Her
illness
kept
her
in
hospital
for
three
weeks.
她因生病住院三周。
She
put
on
her
sunglasses
to
keep
the
sun
out
of
her
eyes.
她戴上太阳镜，以免太阳照到她的眼睛。
Add
some
more
coal
to
keep
the
fire
going.
再添些煤，别让火灭了。
We
should
keep
ourselves
informed
of
the
latest
information.
我们应该了解最新的信息。
He
kept
us
waiting
(wait)
for
him
for
half
an
hour.
5．The
rockets
were
lit，there
was
a
huge
explosion
and
clouds
of
thick
smoke.
火箭被点着了，发出一声巨响，冒出滚滚浓烟。
句中
lit
为动词
light
的过去分词。light
作动词时，意为“点火；点燃；点亮”，其过去式和过去分词可以是
lit，也可以是
lighted。
lit
与
lighted
作谓语或表语时，两者通用。lighted
的用法比
lit
多，除了可作表语之外，lighted
还可以放在名词前作前置定语。
He
lit/lighted
a
match
to
see
the
way.
他点燃了一根火柴以看清道路。(作谓语，两者通用)
A
candle
was
lit/lighted
and
the
room
became
bright.
一根蜡烛被点燃了，屋子变得明亮起来。(作表语，两者通用)
He
went
into
the
dark
room
with
a
lighted
(light)
match
in
his
hand.
6．Or
was
he
carried
miles
into
space，becoming
the
world's
first
astronaut?
或者他被运载数英里进了太空，成为世界上第一个太空人？
becoming
the
world's
first
astronaut
是现在分词短语，在此处作结果状语。
Her
parents
died，leaving
her
a
lot
of
debts.
她父母去世了，给她留下很多债务。
It
rained
heavily，causing
severe
flood
in
that
country.
大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
Rain
failed
to
fall,
causing
(cause)
severe
drought.
1．A
hurricane
struck
our
town,
causing
(cause)
a
heavy
loss.
解析：句意：一场飓风袭击了我们镇，造成了巨大损失。动词的?ing
形式作结果状语。
2．Laura
was
away
in
Paris
for
over
a
week.
When
she
got
home,
there
was
a
pile
of
mail
waiting
(wait)
for
her.
解析：现在分词作定语。句意：劳拉外出去法国一周多。当她回到家中，有一堆邮件在等着她。
3．The
lighted
(light)
candle
gave
out
weak
light.
解析：lighted
点燃的，作前置定语。
4．They
use
computers
to
keep
the
traffic
running
(run)
smoothly.
解析：考查
keep
sb./sth.
doing
sth
结构，“使……一直……”。
5．When
I
was
little,
my
mother
used
to
sit
by
my
bed，telling
(tell)
me
stories
till
I
fell
asleep.
解析：现在分词作伴随状语。句意：我小时候，母亲常坐在我床边，给我讲故事直到我睡着。
6．It
was
said
that
he
had
won
the
prize.
解析：It
was
said
that...据说……。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
old
man
has
been
diagnosed
(诊断)
with
a
serious
illness.
2．All
the
victims
(受害者)
were
rushed
to
hospitals
immediately
after
the
accident.
3．The
young
man
is
brilliant
(才华横溢的)
and
popular
with
people
around
him.
4．He
didn't
go
abroad
for
further
study
partly
(在一定程度上)
because
of
his
sick
mother.
5．He
is
strong
and
never
has
any
physical
(身体的)
problems.
6．I'd
like
to
ask
for
some
advice
on
my
personal
(个人的)
matters.
7．I'll
give
a
brief
(简短的)
introduction
before
the
meeting.
8．102
prisoners
escaped
(逃脱)
from
a
prison
in
Tikrit,
Iraq
on
Thursday.
9．If
a
person
drinks
too
much
wine,
he
can't
walk
along
a
straight
(直的)
line.
10．When
the
boiler
exploded
(爆炸)
many
people
were
injured.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The
West
Lake
is_famous/known_for_its_beautiful_scenery
(因其优美的风景而闻名)．
2．He
escaped_being_killed_in_the_plane_crash
(逃脱了在坠机事件中身亡的命运)
because
he
didn't
catch
the
flight.
3．He
attached_his_horse_to_a_tree
(把马系在树上)．
4．Football
is
played
in
over
80
countries
making_it_the_favorite_sport_in_the_world
(使之成为世界上最受欢迎的运动)．
5．It_was_possible
(可能)
that
he
gave
away
the
secret.
PAGEModule
4
Great
Scientists
表一：被动语态的构成
表二：被动语态的用法
被动语态的用法巧记
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要；突出承受者或礼貌，用被动语态错不了。
被动不离“be”“pp.”，pp.前面助动be。主谓一致莫忘记，句中时态要留意。
表三：by
的用法
【例1】 If
nothing________(do),
the
oceans
will
turn
into
fish
deserts.
【解析】 nothing
与
do
之间为被动关系，故用被动语态形式。主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。
【答案】 is
done
【例2】 —So
what
is
the
procedure?
—All
the
applicants________(interviewed)
before
a
final
decision
is
made
by
the
authority.
【解析】 All
the
applicants
与
interview
之间为被动关系，故用被动语态形式，根据问句时态可知，用一般现在时的被动语态。
【答案】 are
interviewed
【例3】 We
are
confident
that
the
environment
________(improve)
by
our
further
efforts
to
reduce
pollution.
【解析】 句意：我们很自信，通过我们进一步实施减轻环境污染的措施，环境将会被改善。从句中有
further，所以用将来时的被动语态。
【答案】 will
be
improved
【例4】 The
letters
for
the
boss______(put)
on
his
desk
but
he
didn't
read
them
until
three
days
later.
【解析】 letters与put之间为被动关系，故用被动语态形式。
【答案】 were
put
【例5】 After
school
we
went
to
the
reading?room
to
do
some
reading，only
to
be
told
that
it________(decorate)．
【解析】 the
reading?room与decorate之间为被动关系，故用被动语态形式，表示过去特定的时间在发生的事用过去进行时。
【答案】 was
being
decorated
【例6】 —Have
you
heard
about
that
fire
in
the
market?
—Yes，fortunately
no
one________(hurt)．
【解析】 no
one与hurt之间为被动关系，且发生在过去。
【答案】 was
hurt
【例7】 Don't
worry.The
hard
work
that
you
do
now________(repay)
later
in
life.
【解析】 根据句意later
in
life指将来，故用一般将来时的被动语态形式。
【答案】 will
be
repaid
【例8】 They
are
living
with
their
parents
for
the
moment
because
their
own
house________(rebuilt)．
【解析】 for
the
moment与现在进行时连用。
【答案】 is
being
rebuilt
写作专项突破
人物传记——莫泊桑
【题目要求】
请根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文，介绍一下法国著名作家莫泊桑(Guy
de
Maupassant)。
历史地位
19世纪法国最著名作家之一，法国历史上最伟大的短篇小说家，被誉为“短篇小说之王”
主要经历
1850年8月5日出生于法国西北部诺曼底(Normandy)。学生时代开始写小说，30多岁成名，43岁时因病去世
成就
一生共写了6部长篇小说，300多篇中短篇小说
代表作
短篇小说《我的叔叔于勒》(My
Uncle
Jules)、《项链》(The
Necklace)，长篇小说《漂亮朋友》(Pretty
Friends)等
注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．100词左右。
参考词汇：中篇小说
novelette
一、构思谋篇
二、关键词语
最伟大的短篇小说家
the
greatest
short
story
writer
被誉为
be
praised
as
成名
become
well?known
在某人三十多岁时
in
one's
thirties
在……岁时
at
the
age
of...
因为
because
of
三、连词成句
1．莫泊桑被认为是法国历史上最伟大的短篇小说家。
Guy
de
Maupassant
is
considered
as
the
greatest
short
story
writer
in
the
French
history.
2．他因在这一领域的巨大成就而被誉为“短篇小说之王”。
He
is
praised
as
“the
king
of
short
stories”
for
his
great
achievements
in
this
field.
3．他学生时代开始写小说，30多岁成名。
When
he
was
a
student,
he
began
to
write
stories
and
became
well?known
in
his
thirties.
4．他43岁时因病去世。
He
died
at
the
age
of
43
because
of
illness.
四、连句成篇
①Guy
de
Maupassant
was
one
of
the
most
famous
French
writers
of
the
nineteenth
century,
who
is
considered
as
the
greatest
short
story
writer
in
the
French
history.?He
②is
praised
as
“the
king
of
short
stories”?for
his
great
achievements
in
this
field.
He
was
born
in
Normandy
in
the
northwest
of
France
on
August
5th,
1850.
③When
he
was
a
student，he
began
to
write
stories
and
④became
well?known⑤in
his
thirties．He
died
⑥at
the
age
of
43
⑦because
of?
illness.
In
his
whole
life,
he
wrote
six
novels
and
more
than
three
hundred
novelettes
and
short
stories.
His
best?known
short
stories
include
My
Uncle
Jules
and
The
Necklace
and
Pretty
Friends
is
his
most
famous
novel.
【亮点点评】
亮点一：本文是一篇介绍莫泊桑的人物传记，主要从历史地位、主要经历、成就和代表作三个方面高度概括了这位伟大的法国作家的一生。语言简洁，结构严谨，层次分明。
亮点二：文章多处使用了被动语态、并列句和复合句，显示出作者具有一定的语言功底。如①句就是一个主从复合句，其中包含了
who
引导的表示被动意义的非限制性定语从句；③是由
when
引导的时间状语从句等。
亮点三：②be
praised
as，④become
well?known，⑤in
one's
thirties，⑥at
the
age
of
和⑦because
of
等短语的熟练运用也表明作者对词汇有很好的掌握。
单元要点回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．staple
adj. 主要的；重要的
2．producer
n.
生产者
3．leading
adj.
主要的
lead
v.
带领，领导
4．figure
n.
人物
5．educate
vt.
教育
education
n.
教育
educator
n.
教育工作者
6．agriculture
n.
农业
7．species
n.
(动物或植物的)种
8．original
adj.
原来的；最初的
origin
n.
起源，开端
9．publish
vt.
出版
10．breakthrough
n.
突破
11．support
vt.
支持
support
n.
支持
12．production
n.
产量
produce
v.
生产
13．convert
vt.
改变；转换
14．export
vt.
出口
import
v.
进口
15．agricultural
adj.
农业的
16．replace
vt.
取代；以……代替
17．quantity
n.
数量
18．quality
n.
质量
19．best?seller
n.
畅销书(或唱片等)
20．diagnose
vt.
诊断
diagnosis
n.
诊断
21．victim
n.
受害者
22．brilliant
adj.
聪颖的；才华横溢的
23．career
n.
生涯；经历
24．brief
adj.
简短的；简洁的
briefly
adv.
扼要地，简明地
25．partly
adv.
部分地；在一定程度上
part
n.
部分
26．physical
adj.
身体的
27．graduate
vi.
毕业
graduation
n.
毕业
graduate
n.
毕业生
28．personal
adj.
个人的
person
n.
人；个人
29．relativity
n.
相对论
30．explosion
n.
爆炸；爆炸声
31．explode
vi.
爆炸
32．escape
vi.
逃跑；逃避
33．arrow
n.
(弓)箭
34．straight
adj.
直的
straight
adv.
直接；径直；笔直地；平正地
35．clear
vi.
(烟雾)消散
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．bring
up 培养；养育
2．as
a
result
of
由于……的结果
3．be
interested
in
对……感兴趣
4．search
for
寻找；搜寻
5．be
known
for
因……而出名/闻名
6．be
diagnosed
with
被诊断出患有
7．earn
one's
living
谋生
8．in
brief
简言之
9．come
to
power
掌权
10．by
accident
偶然地
11．escape
from
从……逃离
12．be
at
war
with
与……交战
13．be
attached
to
被绑在……上；附属于……
14．because
of
因为……
15．instead
of
代替；而不是
Ⅲ.语篇点睛
Bill
Gates,
chief
designer
of
Microsoft
Corporation
and
leading
(主要的)
figure
(人物)
in
software，is_known_for
(因……而闻名)
his
unusual
experience.
He
was
born
on
October
28,1955.
Being
a
very
brilliant
(聪颖的)
boy，his
favorite
subjects
at
school
were
science
and
math.
As
early
as
in
high
school，Bill
started
to
play
with
computers
and
developed
his
strong
interest
in
software.
After
graduating
(毕业)
from
high
school
in
1973,
he
went
to
Harvard
University，only
to
leave
it
three
years
later.
In
1975
Bill
began
his
career
(事业，生涯)
with
one
of
his
best
friends,
developing
software
for
personal
(个人的)
computers.
After
many
efforts
they
made
lots
of
breakthroughs
(突破)
in
IT
technology.
The
Road
Ahead，published
(出版)
in
1995，was
at
the
top
of
the
best?sellers
(畅销书)
for
many
weeks.
Bill
Gates
and
his
wife
started
a
foundation
to
help
to
reduce
the
unequal
in
the
world.
PAGE
