Unit
22
Environmental
Protection
索取，索取，再索取。孩子和母亲的关系似乎永远都是这一种形式。人类和自然母亲的关系又何尝不是如此呢？
Nature
Is
Our
Mother
Take.Take.Take.The
relationship
between
a
child
and
a
mother
always
seems
to
follow
such
a
pattern.Like
a
child
endlessly
asking，we
humans，throughout
history，have
been
continually
demanding
what
we
desire
from
nature.
We
enjoy
the
comfort
and
beauty
of
our
furniture，yet
we
never
bother
to
think
about
the
serious
soil
erosion
caused
by
deforestation.We
take
it
for
granted
that
we
must
warm
ourselves
in
winter
times，yet
we
seldom
realize
all
the
prosperity
from
the
development
of
modern
industry，yet
few
would
give
the
slightest
consideration
to
the
global
air
and
water
pollution
caused
by
industrial
wastes.Our
ruthless
exploitation
has
permanently
impaired
our
mother
earth.
Now，standing
here
at
the
threshold
of
the
21st
century，we
cannot
help
thinking
of
our
posterity
(后代)．Nature
is
not
only
the
mother
of
the
present
generation，but
also
the
mother
of
the
generations
to
come.How
severely
our
posterity
will
criticize
us
if
we
leave
them
a
barren
and
lifeless
mother？How
much
more
they
will
appreciate
us
if
we
give
them
a
world
of
harmony
to
inherit？Let
us
start
respecting
and
caring
for
nature
from
now
on.Let
us
start
the
campaign
of
creating
a
mutually
(互利的)
beneficial
relationship
between
people
and
nature
right
from
this
moment.With
this
new
start，we
have
no
reason
to
doubt
that
our
children，and
our
children's
children
will
live
in
a
brand
new
age
of
green
trees，clean
air，crystal
water，blue
sky
and
an
even
more
promising
world!
[阅读障碍词]
1．deforestation
n．
滥伐森林
2．take
it
for
granted(that)
认为……是，理所当然
3．prosperity
n.
繁荣；兴旺，昌盛
4．at
the
threshold
of
在……的开始
5．inherit
vt.&vi.
继承
1．What
will
be
caused
with
the
development
of
modern
industry?
The
global
air
and
water
pollution
will
be
caused
by
industrial
wastes.
2．What
will
we
do
if
we
want
our
next
generation
to
appreciate
us?
We
try
to
give
them
a
world
of
harmony
to
inherit.
Section
Ⅰ Reading(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.trap
A．vt.提倡，主张
( )2.principle
B．vt.迫使(某人)陷入不幸的境地
( )3.consensus
C．n.代替品，代用品
( )4.beyond
D．vt.使困住
( )5.relevant
E．n.原则，道德准则
( )6.coincidence
F．prep.超出……的控制
( )7.condemn
G．n.一致的意见
( )8.sacrifice
H．adj.有关的
( )9.advocate
I．n．巧合
( )10.substitute
J．vt.&n.牺牲；献出
[答案] 1－5 DEGFH 6－10 IBJAC
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A.由于 B.处于危险中 C.展望未来 D.轮流
E.采取行动 F.在……前面
( )1.The
jet
arrived
in
Johannesburg
two
minutes
ahead
of
schedule.
( )2.I'm
trying
to
look
ahead
at
what
might
happen
and
be
ready
to
handle
it.
( )3.The
firemen
took
action
immediately
to
stop
the
forest
fire
spreading.
( )4.The
flood
came
about
as
a
result
of
the
heavy
spring
rains.
( )5.He
asked
each
of
them
in
turn
three
questions.
( )6.Their
lack
of
training
could
put
members
of
the
public
at
risk.
[答案] 1－6 FCEADB
Can
we
take
the
heat?
In
the
last
few
decades①，
scientists
have
reached
consensus
and
reported
that
human
beings
are
causing
changes
in
the
Earth's
climate—
something
previously
seen
as
beyond
our
control.They
claim(声称)
that
in
the
last
50
years,
gases
pumped
into
the
Earth's
atmosphere
by
the
factories
and
vehicles
have
been
speeding
up
the
process
of
global
warming
and
affecting
our
climate.Looking
ahead,
scientists
believe
that
global
warming
could
be
one
of
the
biggest
environmental
problems
facing
the
21st
century②.But
what
exactly
is
global
warming,
why
is
it
seen
as
a
danger,
and
how
is
it
relevant
to
our
lives？
我们受得了这么热吗？
在过去的几十年里，科学家一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化——这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。他们声称，在过去的50年里，工厂和车辆排入地球大气层中的气体加速了全球变暖的进程，影响了我们的气候。展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖可能是21世纪面临的最严重的环境问题之一。但是，确切地说，什么是全球变暖？为什么把它视为一种危险？它如何与我们的生活相关呢？
[助读讲解] ①in
the
last/past
few
decades/years/months/days常与现在完成时连用。②现在分词短语facing
the
21st
century作后置定语，修饰the
biggest
environmental
problems。
Global
warming
refers
to
an
average
increase
in
the
Earth's
temperature
that,
in
turn,
leads
to
climate
change③.Scientists
found
that
the
temperature
of
the
Earth
is
controlled
by
greenhouse
gases
such
as
carbon
dioxide
which
trap
heat
from
the
sun
in
the
Earth's
atmosphere④.Without
these
naturally
occurring
gases,
the
sun's
rays
would
bounce(反弹)
back
into
space
leaving
the
Earth
cold
and
impossible
to
live
on⑤.When
the
presence
of
these
gases
in
the
atmosphere
increases,
however,
more
heat
is
trapped
and
the
Earth's
temperature
rises.
全球变暖指的是地球温度平均增长，继而导致气候变化。科学家们发现地球的气温受温室气体如二氧化碳的控制，这些气体能将来自太阳的热量留在地球的大气层里。如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光线将会被反射回太空中，使得地球处于寒冷之中而不适合生命的存在。然而，当大气层中的这些气体的浓度不断增加时，更多的热量被留在地球，造成地球气温上升。
[助读讲解] ③此处是that引导的定语从句，修饰an
average
increase
in
the
Earth's
temperature。④which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词greenhouse
gases。⑤此句是without引出的含蓄虚拟句，the
sun's
rays
would
bounce...是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，其中leaving...是现在分词短语作结果状语。
Over
the
last
100
years,
the
global
average
temperature
has
increased
by
1℉
and
many
experts
insist
that
the
blame
for
this
global
warming
can
mostly
be
pinned(把责任加在……身上)
on
human
activities.
As
a
result
of
increased
industry,
agriculture(农业),
the
cutting
down
of
forests,
the
increase
in
transport
and
the
burning
of
fuels,
nearly
6
tonnes
of
carbon
dioxide
goes
into
the
atmosphere
every
year
for
every
one
of
the
Earth's
6
billion
people.The
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
has
risen
by
more
than
30%
in
the
last
250
years
with
half
of
this
increase
occurring
since
1960.Given⑥
this
data,
it
seems
that
the
link
between
human
activities
and
rising
global
temperatures
is
not
merely
a
coincidence.
在过去的100年里，全球的平均温度增加了1华氏度，许多专家坚持认为，在很大程度上，人类的活动是导致全球变暖的重要原因。随着工业、农业规模的不断扩大，成片成片的森林被砍伐，交通运输日益频繁，燃料消耗不断增长，每年有接近6吨的二氧化碳被释放到供地球上60亿人中的每一个人呼吸的空气当中。在过去的250年里，大气中的二氧化碳含量已经增加了30%以上，而其中的一半是在1960年以后增加的。考虑到这个数据，人类活动与正在上升的全球温度之间的关联似乎不仅仅是一个巧合。
[助读讲解] ⑥given
prep.考虑到，鉴于。
A
temperature
increase
of
1°F
may
not
sound
like
a
lot,
but
if
we
continue
to
produce
carbon
dioxide
and
other
gases
in
such
huge
quantities,
we
are
condemning
life
on
Earth
and
should
expect
severe
consequences.Recent
reports
warned
that
global
warming
will
cause
terrible
climate
changes
including
more
frequent
flooding,
heat
waves
and
droughts(旱灾)．Serious
diseases
will
spread
and
industries
that
rely
on
nature
such
as
fishing
will
be
badly
affected.
Increased
temperatures
will
also
cause
the
polar
ice
to
melt,
raising
sea
levels
and
flooding
many
islands
and
cities⑦.How
can
we
stop
these
disasters
from
happening？
气温升高1华氏度也许听起来无关紧要，但是如果我们继续制造如此多的二氧化碳和其他气体，我们将宣告地球生命的终结，并应该能想到其严重的后果。近期的报告警告说，全球变暖将导致气候急剧变化，包括更加频繁发生的洪水、热浪和干旱。严重的疾病将四处扩散，自然产业如渔业将会受到严重的影响。温度升高还会引起极地冰山融化，海平面上升，从而淹没许多岛屿和城市。我们怎样才能防止这些灾难发生呢？
[助读讲解] ⑦此处是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示结果。
Governments
all
over
the
world
have
a
responsibility
to
reduce
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
which
their
countries
are
producing.If
less
carbon
dioxide
goes
into
the
atmosphere,
global
warming
will
slow
down.This
is
no
easy
task,
however,
and
some
governments,
for
example,
the
USA's
federal
government,
express
reservations(保护)
about
whether
global
warming
is
really
caused
by
human
activities⑧.Many
people
believe
that
they
are
simply
not
prepared
to
sacrifice
the
amount
of
money
they
make
from
industry
to
save
the
Earth.But
why
wait
around
for
governments
to
take
action?
Experts
advocate
that
each
person
play
their
part.They
suggest
making⑨
small
changes
like
taking
public
transport,
recycling(回收利用),
using
low?flow
shower
heads,
and
buying
light
bulbs
that
use
less
energy.Even
simple
things
like
using
recycled
paper
or
switching
off
the
lights
when
you
leave
a
room
can
help.If
we
add
up
all
these
small
changes
made
by
everyone
worldwide⑩，
they
won't
be
such
small
changes.They
could
be
the
changes
that
save
our
future.After
all,
there's
no
substitute
for
our
Earth.It's
all
we've
got
to
live
on?.
世界上的每一个政府都有责任降低自己国家二氧化碳的排放量。如果少向大气中释放二氧化碳，全球变暖就会慢下来。然而，这是一项非常艰巨的任务，一些政府，例如美国的联邦政府，对于全球变暖是否真的是由人类活动引起的仍持保留意见。许多人认为他们只是不愿意牺牲自己从工业中赚到的钱来拯救地球。但是为什么要等待政府来采取行动呢？专家主张每个人都发挥作用。他们建议做一些小小的改变。比如搭乘公共交通工具，循环利用(资源)，使用节水沐浴龙头，购买节能灯泡。甚至是一些非常简单的事情，如使用再生纸或离开房间时关上灯，都会有用。如果把全世界每个人做的小小改变累加起来，它们就不是小改变了，而是拯救我们未来的改变。毕竟，地球没有替代品，它是我们必须赖以生存的全部。
[助读讲解] ⑧whether
global
warming
is...是介词about的宾语，介词之后只能用whether不能用if。⑨suggest
doing
sth.建议做某事。⑩made
by
everyone
worldwide是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰changes。?we've
got
to
live
on是定语从句，修饰先行词all，在从句中作宾语，关系代词省略。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P6教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．What
is
global
warming?
2．Para.2
B．The
effects
of
global
warming.
3．Para.3
C．The
cause
of
global
warming.
4．Para.4
D．The
ways
to
solve
the
problems.
5．Para.5
E．Draw
the
readers'
attention
to
the
topic.
[答案] 1－5 EACBD
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P6教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．The
main
purpose
of
the
first
paragraph
is
.
A．to
introduce
the
topic
of
global
warming
to
the
readers
B．to
remind
the
readers
of
human
activities
in
the
past
C．to
introduce
the
greatest
trouble
in
the
future
D．to
mention
the
process
of
global
warming
in
history
2．Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
greenhouse
gases?
A．Greenhouse
gases
will
only
do
us
harm.
B．Greenhouse
gases
do
more
harm
than
good
to
humans.
C．Greenhouse
gases
do
more
good
than
harm
to
humans.
D．Proper
greenhouse
gases
are
quite
necessary
to
the
earth.
3．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
mentioned
as
the
result
of
global
warming?
A．Typhoons.
B．Serious
diseases.
C．Polar
ice
melting.
D．Heat
waves.
4．Which
is
one
of
the
biggest
environmental
problems
in
the
21st
century?
A．Rising
sea
levels.
B．Global
warming.
C．More
and
more
factories.
D．Floods
and
droughts.
5．What
leads
to
the
increase
of
the
global
average
temperature
according
to
many
experts?
A．Human
activities.
B．Burning
fuels.
C．Planting
trees.
D．Bush
fires.
[答案] 1－5 ADABA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P6教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In
the
last
few
decades,
it
1.has
been
reported
(report)
that
Earth's
climate
is
being
changed
and
human
beings
will
face
global
warming.
Global
warming
refers
to
2.an
average
increase
in
the
Earth's
temperature,
3.which,
in
turn,
leads
to
climate
change.
The
global
average
temperature
has
increased
4.by
1°F
over
the
last
100
years
because
of
human
5.activities(active).
If
the
situation
6.continues(continue),
we
are
condemning
life
on
Earth
and
should
face
terrible
climate
changes,
serious
diseases
and
bad
effects
on
some
industries
as
well
as
the
7.rising(rise)
sea
levels.
So
how
can
we
stop
these
disasters
from
8.happening(happen)?
Governments
all
over
the
world
have
a
9.responsibility(responsible)
to
reduce
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
10.produced(produce)
by
their
countries.
Everyone
can
play
his
part
by
making
small
changes
in
his
daily
life.
PAGEUnit
22
Environmental
Protection
Section
Ⅱ Language
Points
(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．It
is
my
principle(原则)
to
help
others
as
possible
as
I
can.
2．Oil
pollution
could
damage
the
ecology(生态)
of
the
coral
reefs
(珊瑚礁)．
3．The
man
works
as
the
president's
consultant(顾问)
on
economic
affairs.
4．All
of
us
advocate(主张)
leading
a
low?carbon
life.
5．Sibson
realized
he
was
trapped(困住)．
6．What
experience
do
you
have
that
is
relevant
to
this
position?
7．They
broke
my
windows
and
threatened
me.
8．We
always
keep
some
money
in
reserve，just
in
case.
9．My
brother
is
very
interested
in
wildlife
conservation．
10．By
coincidence，we
arrived
there
at
the
same
time.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．consult
vt.咨询；商议→consultant
n．顾问
2．reserve
n．保护区
v．保留，预约→reserved
adj.预定的，保留的→reservation
n．保留；保护
3．conserve
vt.保护→conservation
n．保护
4．agriculture
n．农业→agricultural
adj.农业的
5．advocate
vt.主张，提倡→advocation
n．提倡
6．threat
n．威胁→threatening
adj.威胁的，恐吓的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be
harmful
to
对……有害
2．at
risk
有危险，处于危险中
3．a
number
of
一些
4．beyond
one's
control
超出……的控制；不受……的控制
5．speed
up
加快速度
6．look
ahead
展望未来
7．refer
to
指；提及；参考
8．in
turn
依次，轮流
9．lead
to
引起，导致
10．as
a
result
of
由于，因为
11．take
action
采取行动
12．switch
off
关掉
13．add
up
把……加起来
14．ahead
of
在……的前面
Ⅳ.选词填空
用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．It's
said
that
this
disease
has
led
to
many
deaths.
2．Liu
Xiang
is
not
always
ahead
of
the
other
runners.
3．Looking
ahead,
we
are
full
of
confidence
and
joy.
4．Complete
the
exercise
without
referring
to
a
dictionary.
5．After
the
bell
rang,
the
pupils
walked
out
of
the
classroom
in
turn．
v.＋?ant→n.
beyond＋n.→复合短语
accountant会计assistant助手participant参与者
beyond
imagination超出想象beyond
expression难以描述beyond
belief难以置信
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Without
these
naturally
occurring
gases,
the
sun's
rays
would
bounce
back
into
space
leaving
the
Earth
cold
and
impossible
to
live
on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光线将会被反射回太空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中，生命也就不可能在地球上存在。
①含蓄虚拟条件的虚拟语气。②现在分词(短语)作状语。③leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
①Without
electronic
computers,
much
of
today's
advanced
technology
would
not
have
been
achieved.没有电子计算机，今天很多先进的科技就不会取得成功。②He
got
off
the
bus
hurriedly，leaving
his
umbrella
on
the
bus.他匆匆忙忙地下了公交车，将雨伞遗忘在车上了。
2.The
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
has
risen
by
more
than
30%
in
the
last
250
years
with
half
of
this
increase
occurring
since
1960.在过去的250年里，大气中的二氧化碳含量已经增加了30%以上，而其中的一半是在1960年以后增加的。
with的复合结构。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，完形填空)I
find
a
clean
mountain，with
toilets
at
camps
and
along
the
paths.我发现了一座干净的山，营地和沿途都有厕所。
3.Given
this
data,
it
seems
that
the
link
between
human
activities
and
rising
global
temperatures
is
not
merely
a
coincidence.考虑到这一数据，人类活动与正在上升的全球温度之间的关联似乎不仅仅是一个巧合。
given为介词，意为“鉴于；考虑到”。
Given
his
support，I
think
we'll
win
the
election.如果有他的支持，我想我们会赢得这次选举。
trap
vt.使困住；设陷阱捕捉
n．陷阱；罗网；捕捉器；(陷害人的)圈套；诡计；阴谋
(教材P5)Because
of
the
greenhouse
effect，the
Earth
is
warmed
by
gases
trapped
in
the
atmosphere.
由于温室效应，滞留在大气层的气体使地球变暖。
(1)trap
sb.into
(doing)
sth.
使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套中
be/get
trapped
in
被困在……中
(2)fall
into
the
trap
of
doing
sth.
落入做某事的圈套中
set/lay
a
trap
for
为……设圈套
①But
for
now,
the
Strip's
population
of
1.8
million
people
are
trapped
in
the
crossfire.
但是现在加沙地带的180万人仍然生活在战事的水深火热当中。
②They
trapped
him
into
signing(sign)
the
contract.
他们诱骗他签了合同。
③Mary
set
a
trap
for
Peter
and
he
really
fell
into
it.
玛丽给彼特设了个圈套，而他真中计了。
a
number
of
许多
(教材P132)Jim，at
the
moment，you're
working
in
botanical
gardens
to
save
a
number
of
endangered
birds.
吉姆，现在你正在植物园从事拯救濒危鸟类的工作。
表示“许多，大量”的词或短语有：
＋复数名词
many
a＋单数名词(谓语动词用单数形式)
＋不可数名词
＋可数名词复数或不可数名词
①We
have
plenty
of
time
to
finish
the
job.
我们有充裕的时间来完成这项工作。
②I
have
known
her
for
a
great
many
years.
我认识她好多年了。
[明辨异同] a
number
of/the
number
of
a
number
of
是“许多”的意思，修饰可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数
the
number
of
是“……的数目”的意思，修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数
a
number
of，the
number
of
③The
number
of
students
in
the
university
has
increased
to
10，000.
④A
number
of
people
ran
into
the
hall
and
wanted
to
see
what
had
happened
there.
beyond
prep.
超出
adv.在更远处，另外
(教材P6)In
the
last
few
decades，scientists
have
reached
consensus
and
reported
that
human
beings
are
causing
changes
in
the
Earth's
climate—something
previously
seen
as
beyond
our
control.
在过去的几十年里，科学家一致认为，人们正在造成地球气候的变化——这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。
beyond
belief
难以置信
beyond
control＝out
of
control
不受约束，不受控制
beyond
description
无法描述
beyond
one's
power
超出某人权限
beyond
one's
reach＝out
of
one's
reach
使某人够不到
beyond
words
无法用语言表达
①Put
the
medicine
beyond
childen's
reach.
把药放到孩子够不到的地方。
②Sweden
is
lovely
in
summer—cold
beyond
belief
in
winter.
瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天却冷得让人难以置信。
look
ahead展望未来；向前看
(教材P6)Looking
ahead，scientists
believe
that
global
warming
could
be
one
of
the
biggest
environmental
problems
facing
the
21st
century.
展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖可能是21世纪面临的最大的环境问题之一。
look
down
on/upon
轻视；看不起
look
up
to
仰慕；尊敬
look
up
(形势)好转；查阅；抬头看
look
forward
to
期待；盼望(to为介词)
look
into
调查；审查
look
for
寻找
look
through
快速浏览；审核；仔细查看
look
out
当心，小心；向外看
①We
look
up
to
the
woman
because
she's
a
real
singer.
我们尊敬这个女孩，因为她是一个真正的歌唱家。
②Doctors
are
looking
into
the
cases
for
new
treatment
of
H7N9.
医生正在研究这些病例以发现治疗H7N9的新方法。
③Children
are
always
looking
forward
to
the
coming
of
the
Spring
Festival.
孩子们总是盼望着春节的到来。
(教材P6)
Global
warming
refers
to
an
average
increase
in
the
Earth's
temperature
that
in
turn，leads
to
climate
change.
全球变暖指的是地球温度平均增长，继而导致气候变化。
(1)refer
to
指，意即；提到；参考，查阅
写出下列句中refer
to的含义
①The
mother
never
referred
to
her
son
again
for
some
reasons.提到
②You
can
refer
to
the
text
while
doing
exercises.查阅
③I
was
referring
to
you
when
I
said
some
young
people
were
impolite.指；意即
(1)refer
to
...as...
把……当作……
refer...to...
把……提交给……；让……查询……
(2)reference
n.
参考；查阅
a
reference
book
参考书
④John
referred
to
the
discovery
as
a
major
breakthrough
in
medical
science.
约翰称这项发现是医学领域里的一项重大突破。
⑤These
reference(refer)
books
are
necessary
to
us.
这些参考书是我们必须的。
[名师点津]
“查字典”的表达法还有：
查阅字典
④look
up
a
word
in
a
dictionary
在词典中查找一个单词
(2)in
turn
依次，轮流；转而；反过来
by
turns
轮流，交替地
take
turns
doing/to
do
sth.
轮流做某事
It's
one's
turn
to
do
sth.
轮到某人做某事
in
return
作为回报
①They'll
take
turns
to
be
monitor
of
the
class.
他们将轮流当班长。
②It's
our
turn
to
help(help)
the
grandmother.
轮到我们帮助这位老奶奶了。
[名师点津]
in
turn中的turn用单数，而by
turns和take
turns中的turn用复数。
(3)lead
to
引起；导致
lead
sb.to
a
place
领某人去某地
lead
sb.to
sth.
使某人得出(结论，观点等)
lead
sb.to
do
sth.
使得某人做某事
lead
sb.in
doing
sth.
领导某人做某事
①What
leads
you
to
the
conclusion
that
he
isn't
fit
for
the
job?
是什么让你得出他不称职这一结论的？
②He
had
led
everyone
to
believe(believe)
that
his
family
was
very
wealthy.
他使得大家都相信他家境富裕。
condemn
vt.迫使(某人)陷入不幸的境地；宣判；责怪
(教材P6)...we
are
condemning
life
on
Earth
and
should
expect
severe
consequences.
……我们将宣告地球生命的终结，并应该能想到其严重的后果。
be
condemned
to
death
被判死刑
condemn
sb.for
(doing)
sth.
因(做)某事而谴责某人
或告某人有罪
condemn
sb.to
do
sth.
判某人做某事，迫使
某人陷
入不幸的境地
①She
was
condemned
to
death
for
killing
her
husband.
她因杀害亲夫被判死刑。
②She
knew
that
society
would
condemn
her
for
leaving(leave)
her
children.
她知道社会会谴责她遗弃孩子。
sacrifice
vt.牺牲；献出
(教材P6)Many
people
believe
that
they
are
simply
not
prepared
to
sacrifice
the
amount
of
money
they
make
from
industry
to
save
the
Earth.
许多人认为他们只是不愿意牺牲自己从工业中赚到的钱来拯救地球。
(1)sacrifice...for...
为……而牺牲/献出……
sacrifice...to
do
sth.
为做某事而牺牲……
(2)sacrifice
n.
牺牲
make
sacrifices
做出牺牲
at
the
sacrifice
of
以牺牲……为代价
①She
sacrificed
everything
for
her
children.
她为子女牺牲了一切。
②He
became
an
excellent
writer
at
the
sacrifice
of
all
his
spare
time.
他牺牲了自己所有的业余时间，成为了一名优秀的作家。
③
Almost
every
grandparent
wants
to
be
with
his
or
her
grandchildren
and
is
willing
to
make
sacrifices(sacrifice)．
几乎每个祖父母都想和他或她的孙辈孩子一起，也愿意做出牺牲。
take
action
采取行动
(教材P6)But
why
wait
around
for
governments
to
take
action？但是为什么要等政府来采取行动呢？
in
action
在运转
out
of
action
失灵；失效；受伤
put/call/bring
sth.into
action
使……开始运作；启动
take
action
to
do
sth.
采取行动做某事
take
measures/steps
to
do
sth.
采取措施做某事
①My
car
is
out
of
action
because
it
has
run
out
of
gas.
我的车因为没有油而动弹不得。
②The
plan
they
made
last
week
hasn't
been
put
into
action
yet.
他们上周制订的计划还没有实行。
③We
must
take
action
to
prevent(prevent)
the
river
from
being
polluted.
我们必须采取行动阻止河流被污染。
advocate
vt.主张；提倡n.提倡者；拥护者
(教材P6)Experts
advocate
that
each
person
play
their
part.专家主张每个人都发挥作用。
(1)advocate
doing
sth.
提倡/主张做某事
advocate
that...(should)do
...
主张……做……(从句用虚拟语气)
(2)an
advocate
of
sth.
支持某事的人，……的倡导者/拥护者
①The
report
advocated
all
buildings
should
be
fitted
with
smoke
detectors.
这份报告主张所有建筑物都应安装烟雾探测器。
②We
advocate
solving(solve)
the
international
dispute
by
peaceful
means.
我们主张通过和平方式解决国际争端。
[语境助记]
Lots
of
experts
and
parents
advocate
reducing
children's
homework
and
advocate
that
children
(should)
be
given
more
free
time.
许多专家及家长主张削减孩子的家庭作业量，并提倡给予孩子更多的自由时间。
substitute
vt.用……代替n.代替品；代用品
(教材P6)After
all，there's
no
substitute
for
our
Earth.
毕竟，地球没有替代品。
①He
took
away
her
only
tool
for
knowing
and
provided
her
with
no
substitute.
他拿走了她唯一的求知工具，但是并未给她提供一个替代品。
(1)as
a
substitute
(for...)
作为(……的)代替者/
代用品
a
substitute
for
sb./sth.
代替……的人或物
be
no
substitute
for
是不可以代替……的
(2)
用A代替B
substitute
for
sb./sth.
代替/取代某人/某物
②They
substituted
paper
money
for
gold.
＝They
substituted
gold
with/by
paper.
他们用纸币取代了黄金。
③Butter
can
be
substituted
with
margarine
in
this
recipe.
做这道菜可以用人造黄油代替黄油。
(教材P6)Without
these
naturally
occurring
gases，the
sun's
rays
would
bounce
back
into
space
leaving
the
Earth
cold
and
impossible
to
live
on.
如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光线将会被反射回太空中，使得地球处于寒冷之中而不适合生命的存在。
【要点提炼】 本句为一个含蓄虚拟条件句，“Without
these
naturally
occurring
gases”在句中表示虚拟条件，相当于虚拟条件句“if
there
were
not
these
naturally
occurring
gases...”。
含蓄虚拟条件句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在的虚拟条件，如but
for，without，otherwise等。
①But
for
his
help，we
would
not
have
succeeded.＝If
it
had
not
been
for
his
help，we
would
not
have
succeeded.要不是他帮忙，我们是不会成功的。
②I'm
really
busy，otherwise，I
would
certainly
go
with
you.我确实很忙，不然的话，我就和你一起去了。
(教材P6)The
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
has
risen
by
more
than
30%
in
the
last
250
years
with
half
of
this
increase
occurring
since
1960．
在过去的250年里，大气中的二氧化碳含量已经增加了30%以上，而其中的一半是在1960年以后增加的。
【要点提炼】 句中出现了with复合结构：with＋宾语(half
of
this
increase)＋宾语补足语(occurring
since
1960)，该结构在句中作伴随状语。
with复合结构在句中常作定语或状语。其结构如下：
①The
peasants
have
a
good
harvest
with
all
the
crops
got(get)
in.
庄稼收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。
②The
teacher
entered
the
classroom
with
a
book
in
his
hand.老师手里拿着书进了教室。
③So
in
the
afternoon,
with
nothing
to
do(do),
I
went
on
a
round
of
the
bookshops.
由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。
(教材P6)Given
this
data，it
seems
that
the
link
between
human
activities
and
rising
global
temperatures
is
not
merely
a
coincidence.
考虑到这个数据，人类活动与正在上升的全球温度之间的关联似乎不仅仅是一个巧合。
【要点提炼】 句中given
this
data在此为介词短语作状语，不要误以为是过去分词作状语，given在此为介词，也可作连词。
given/considering考虑到；鉴于
seeing
(that)＋从句
鉴于；考虑到
provided/providing(that)
如果；假设；在……条件下
suppose/supposing
(that)
假定；假设；设想
①Provided
(that)there
is
no
opposition，I
will
act
as
representative
of
our
class.
倘若没人反对的话，我将担任本班的代表。
②Considering(consider)(that)he
did
not
study，he
did
well
on
the
test.
考虑到他没有用功，考得还算不错。
(教材P6)A
temperature
increase
of
1
°F
may
not
sound
like
a
lot，but
if
we
continue
to
produce
carbon
dioxide
and
other
gases
in
such
huge
quantities，we
are
condemning
life
on
Earth
and
should
expect
severe
consequences.
【分析】 该句中but连接两个并列分句；在后一分句中，if引导条件状语从句。
【翻译】 气温升高1华氏度也许听起来无关紧要，但是如果我们继续制造如此多的二氧化碳和其他气体，我们将宣告地球生命的终结，并应该能想到其严重的后果。
语
境
自
主
领
悟
观察原句
①He
said，“I'm
busy
preparing
for
the
final
exam
now.
”→He
said
that
he
was
busy
preparing
for
the
final
exam
then.②“Do
you
want
the
green
shirt
or
the
blue
one？”asked
mother.→Mother
asked
whether/if
I
wanted
the
green
shirt
or
the
blue
one.③The
old
man
said，“Don't
come
here
again
next
week.”→The
old
man
asked
us
not
to
go
there
again
the
next
week.④Our
teacher
said，“Practice
makes
perfect.
”→Our
teacher
said
practice
makes
perfect.⑤“Where
did
you
spend
your
holiday
this
year,
Jack？”She
asked.→She
asked
Jack
where
he
had
spent
his
holiday
that
year.
自主感悟
1.由句①可知，当直接引语为陈述句变为间接引语时，时态、人称、时间状语以及指示代词等通常要改变，然后再加上连词that引导间接引语，that一般可省。2.由句②可知，当直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语时，首先变为陈述句语序，然后再加上连词if或whether来引导间接引语。3.由句③可知，当直接引语为祈使句时，要加上合适的动词，如ask，tell，order，require，demand等动词作谓语，然后将该祈使句变成动词不定式作宾补。4.由句④可知，当直接引语为谚语、格言以及客观真理、自然现象时，间接引语中的谓语动词不用改变，仍使用一般现在时态。5.由句⑤可知，当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，首先将其变为陈述句语序，仍用原来的疑问词引导。
一、常见的转述结构
1．动词＋that...
that引导的从句为间接引语。常用动词有add，admit，agree，announce，believe，boast，claim，complain，deny，declare，explain，insist，remind，suggest，warn等。
They
announced
that
she
would
give
one
extra
song.
他们宣布她将再唱一首歌。
He
believes
that
she
is
fit
for
the
job.
他相信她能胜任这项工作。
2．动词＋sb.＋that...
常用动词有warn，remind，tell等。
He
warned
me
that
I
couldn't
go
out
alone
at
night.
他警告我晚上不能单独出去。
She
reminded
me
that
I
hadn't
written
to
Mother.
她提醒我还没有给母亲写信。
3．动词＋sb.＋to
do
sth.
常用动词有advise，beg，order，promise等。
The
doctor
advised
me
to
take
more
exercise.
医生建议我多加锻炼。
I
promised
my
mother
to
get
up
early
in
the
morning.
我向妈妈承诺早上早起。
4．动词＋to
do
sth.
常用动词有agree，offer，refuse，threaten等。
He
offered
to
lend
me
some
books。
他主动提出要借给我一些书。
The
boss
threatened
to
dismiss
us
if
we
didn't
obey
him.
老板威胁我们说，如果违背他就开除我们。
5．动词＋v.?ing
常用动词有admit，deny，suggest，advocate等。
She
suggested
staying
there
another
day.
她建议在那儿再待一天。
He
denied
having
seen
these
watches
before.
他否认曾经见过这些手表。
6．动词＋if/whether...
常用动词有inquire，ask等。
She
asked
whether/if
I
took
sugar
in
my
tea.
她问我是否在茶中加糖。
7．动词＋介词＋v.?ing
常用动词词组有accuse
of，succeed
in等。
He
was
accused
of
stealing
the
money.
他被指控偷钱。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Experts
believe
that
people
can
waste
less
food
by
shopping
only
when
it
is
necessary.
②My
mom
suggests
that
we
should
eat
out
for
a
change
this
weekend.
③Bill
suggested
holding
(hold)
a
meeting
on
what
to
do
for
the
Expo
during
the
vacation.
④Tom
refused
to
help(help)her
out
of
trouble.
二、直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态无需改变的情况
1．当直接引语为客观真理、自然现象以及谚语、格言时。
Our
teacher
said
to
us，“Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
→Our
teacher
told
us
that
failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
2．当直接引语部分带有具体的时间状语时。
He
introduced
to
us,
“The
singer
was
born
in
1980.
”
→He
introduced
to
us
that
the
singer
was
born
in
1980.
3．当主句谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时态的时候。
“Where
is
he
really
from？”I
wonder.
→I
wonder
where
he
is
really
from.
4．强调所谈情况仍然存在。
“China
will
launch
another
satellite.”The
spokesperson
announced.
→The
spokesperson
announced
China
will
launch
another
satellite.
5．当直接引语中有情态动词should,
would,
could，had
better等时。
The
doctor
said，“You'd
better
drink
plenty
of
water.
”
→
The
doctor
said
I'd
better
drink
plenty
of
water.
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①He
told
me
that
you
had
stolen(steal)
his
money.
②The
teacher
said
that
light
travels(travel)
much
faster
than
sound.
③I
don't
know
when
he
will
come(come)
at
all.
④She
reported
that
the
next
Olympic
Games
will
be
held(hold)in
Tokyo
in
2020.
⑤Mary
said
that
she
gets(get)
up
at
six
every
morning.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.
He
said
he
had
not
seen
(not,
see)
his
old
friends
for
a
long
time.
2.
The
teacher
said
that
two
plus
two
is
(be)
four.
3．He
warned
me
to
be
(be)
careful
with
the
dog.
4．The
moment
I
got
home,
my
wife
asked
me
if
I
had
been
to
the
hospital.
5.
It
is
reported
that
many
people
died
in
that
car
accident.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.
He
told
me
that
he
left
his
book
in
his
room.left前加had
2.
The
teacher
told
me
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun
and
that
the
moon
moved
around
the
earth.moved→moves
3．The
teacher
told
the
students
not
waste
their
time.not后面加to
4．He
asked
me
that
I
went
to
school
by
bus
or
by
bike.that→if或whether
5．She
said
that
their
bus
will
arrive
in
five
minutes.will→would
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Do
look
ahead
before
doing
whatever
you
want
to
do.
2．The
president
spoke
at
the
business
meeting
for
nearly
an
hour
without
referring(refer)
to
his
notes.
3．He
told
me
how
he
had
given
me
shelter
and
protection
without
which
I
would
have
died(die)
of
hunger.
4．Don't
leave
her
waiting(wait)
outside
in
the
rain.
5．Tom
advocated
that
attention
(should)
be
paid(pay)
to
reforming
education
system.
6．Scores
of
guests
had
been
trapped(trap)
in
their
rooms
before
the
police
arrived—too
terrified
to
move.
7．I
didn't
condemn
him
for
what
he
had
done.
8．The
number
of
people
is
sixty
at
present
but
a
number
of
people
are
coming
here
to
get
tickets
for
free.
(be)
9．The
new
evidence
led
to
the
thief
being
arrested(arrest)．
10．Given(give)
that
there
was
so
little
time,
I
think
they've
done
a
good
job.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The
number
of
smokers,
as
is
reported,
have
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
have→has
2．Everyone
should
look
around
and
save
a
little
money
for
emergency.around→ahead
3．It's
okay
to
substitute
vegetable
oil
with
butter.with→for
4．Lots
of
waste
has
been
dumped
into
the
river，which
has
led
to
lots
of
fish
be
killed.be→being
5．Our
head
teacher
doesn't
advocate
students
study
in
the
classroom
all
day.study→studying
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．But
for
your
help
we
couldn't
have
succeeded
in
the
experiment．
如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。
2．He
stood
for
an
instant
with
his
hand
raised．
他举着手站了一会儿。
3．Given
that
he
supports
us,
we'll
win
the
election.
如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举。
4．Doing
this
enables
you
to
take
action
on
your
thoughts．
这样做的话可以使你在思想上采取行动。
5．They
will
take
turns
to
be
monitor
of
the
class.
他们得轮流当班长。
PAGEUnit
22
Environmental
Protection
Section
Ⅲ Reading(Ⅱ)(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.seize
A．adj.巨大的
( )2.behalf
B．n.尘土，灰尘
( )3.rough
C．adj.在近海岸的
( )4.catastrophe
D．vt.依法没收；夺取
( )5.means
E．n.代表
( )6.shabby
F．adj.艰难的
( )7.flee
G．n.巨大的灾难
( )8.dust
H．n.方法
( )9.grand
I．v.逃走
( )10.offshore
J．adj.破烂的
[答案] 1－5 DEFGH 6－10 JIBAC
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.Natural
disasters
and
human
activities
have
resulted
in
the
decline.
( )2.The
room
was
empty
apart
from
one
man
seated
beside
the
fire.
( )3.We
both
thought
that
all
in
all
it
might
not
be
a
bad
idea.
( )4.I
didn't
know
that
he
was
a
cheat，or
else
I
wouldn't
have
believed
him.
( )5.Once
an
opportunity
slips
away,
it
has
gone
for
good
and
ever.
( )6.Who's
carried
off
the
first
prize
in
the
contest?
[答案] 1－6 CDFBAE
Nature
is
turning
on
us
The
last
few
years
have
seen①
environmental
disasters
on
a
grand
scale(规模),
and
experts
are
predicting
far
worse
to
come.Jin
Li
reports
on
our
Earth's
changeable
weather
patterns.
大自然对我们的报复
最近几年里不乏大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。金莉报道了关于地球多变天气的模式。
[助读讲解] ①see某时/某地发生某种情况，经历，经受，常用物作主语，增添语言色彩。
A In
the
last
decade,
thunderstorms(雷雨),
floods,
earthquakes,
typhoons(台风),
volcanic
eruptions,
tsunamis(海啸)
and
forest
fires
have
become
increasingly
common.There
has
been
terrible
flooding
in
Asia,
Africa，America
and
Oceania.(1)________
Storms
have
been
getting
worse
everywhere
too,
with
a
growing
number
of
hurricanes
hitting
the
US②，
and
Central
America.Reduced
rainfall
has
affected
large
areas
of
Africa
for
years
leaving
irrigation(灌溉)
canals
dry
and
many
other
zones
are
becoming
drier.(2)________
A
number
of
nations
have
already
been
in
armed
conflict
over
water,
and
reduced
rainfall
in
the
west
of
the
US
has
resulted
in
huge
forest
fires.
A 在过去的10年里，雷雨、洪水、地震、台风、火山爆发、海啸和森林火灾变得越来越频繁。亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生过非常严重的洪涝灾害。(1)________不断增多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲地区，与此同时各地的暴风雨灾害也越来越严重。多年来降雨量减少影响了非洲的大片地区，使得灌溉渠道干涸，而许多其他地方则变得更加干旱。(2)________已经有几个国家因为水的问题而动武，而美国西部由于降水减少导致了森林大火。
[助读讲解] ②此句是“with＋宾语＋v.?ing”的with复合结构。
B Volcanic
eruptions
and
earthquakes
have
always
been
a
threat
in
certain
parts
of
the
world.A
volcanic
eruption
nearly
wiped
out
the
small
island
of
Montserrat
in
1997,
and
there
have
been
serious
earthquakes
in
many
parts
of
Asia,
Europe
and
South
America.In
the
last
three
years,
Indonesia
has
had
a
rough
time，suffering
several
killer
quakes③
and
it
is
still
recovering
from
the
Asian
tsunami
caused
by
an
offshore
earthquake
on
December
26th,
2004④.The
tsunami
killed
132，000
Indonesians
and
another
100，000
people
of
other
nationalities.This
catastrophe
is
still
very
fresh
in
the
minds
of
people
worldwide
who
have
not
yet
got
over
their
separation
from
loved
ones
lost
in
the
tsunami⑤.
B 火山爆发和地震对世界上某些地区一直构成严重威胁。1997年的一次火山爆发几乎抹去了蒙特塞拉特这个小岛，而亚洲、欧洲和南美洲的许多地方都发生了大地震。在过去的三年里，印度尼西亚饱受自然灾害之苦，它遭受了几次致命的大地震，至今未能从2004年12月26日发生的亚洲海啸所造成的创伤中恢复过来，那次海啸是由一次近海地震引起的。它使132
000个印度尼西亚人和100
000个其他不同国籍的人丧生。在世界各地许多人的心目中，这场灾难仍然记忆犹新。他们还没有从与海啸中丧生的亲人分离的打击中恢复过来。
[助读讲解] ③suffering
several
killer
quakes是现在分词短语作伴随状语。④caused
by...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the
Asian
tsunami。⑤who引导定语从句，修饰people。lost
in
the
tsunami在句中作后置定语，修饰loved
ones。
C So
why
is
nature
beginning
to
turn
on
us?
(3)________
The
population
of
the
world
is
growing
at
the
disturbing
rate
of
10，000
people
an
hour,
nearly
90
million
a
year,
with
most
of
the
growth
in
the
developing
world.People
in
agricultural
areas,
without
any
means
to
earn
their
living,
move
to
the
cities,
and
then
construct(建造)
shabby
homes
from
whatever
materials
they
can
find
on
poor
clay(黏土)
soil⑥.These
homes,
seldom
made
of
bricks(砖),
can
easily
fall
down
in
earthquakes
or
slip(滑落)
and
slide(滑行)
downhill
in
landslides(滑坡，山崩),
especially
in
mountainous
areas.(4)________
This
has
mainly
been
caused
by
the
huge
amounts
of
carbon
dioxide
produced
by
factories
and
vehicles,
and
the
destruction
of
the
world's
forests.As
a
result,
a
hotter
ocean
causes
more
powerful
winds.Atlantic
hurricanes—their
howling
winds
with
speeds
of
over
300
kilometres
an
hour—are
40%
stronger
now
than
they
were
30
years
ago.
C 那么，为什么大自然开始和我们过不去呢？(3)________世界人口正在以令人不安的每小时10
000人的速度增加，每年(增长)接近9
000万人，而大多数新增长的人口来自发展中国家。农业地区的人们因为无法谋生而流向城市。他们在贫瘠的黏土土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。这些房屋很少是由砖块制成，很容易在地震中倒塌或者在山体滑坡时滑下山坡，特别是在山区。(4)________这主要是由工厂和汽车所排放的大量二氧化碳以及世界上的森林遭到破坏所引起的。结果，温度升高了的海洋产生更加猛烈的风。大西洋飓风——它们咆哮的风速超过每小时300千米——比30年前的强度增加了40%。
[助读讲解] ⑥whatever引导名词性从句，作from
的宾语。
D Volcanoes
and
earthquakes
are
even
more
dangerous
than
in
the
past
as
around
half
the
world's
population
now
lives
in
cities⑦.There
are
more
than
300
active
volcanoes,
about
fifty
of
which
erupt
each
year,
and
more
than
500
million
people
now
live
within
the
range
of⑧
a
volcanic
eruption.Because
these
natural
disasters
occur
at
random
times,
it
is
difficult
to
warn
people
in
advance.In
May
2006,
thousands
of
Indonesians
living
near
Mt
Merapi
(which
means
mountain
of
fire)
had
to
flee
as
they
thought
it
was
about
to
erupt.An
even
greater
number
of
people
live
at
risk，to
some
degree⑨，
from
earthquakes
which
have
claimed
more
than
1.6
million
lives
in
the
last
hundred
years.
D 因为现在世界上约一半的人口生活在城市里，火山和地震带来的危害比过去更加严重。300多座活火山中大约有50座火山每年都要喷发，有5亿多人现在生活在火山喷发的范围之内。由于这些自然灾害不定时地发生，所以很难提前警告人们。2006年5月，成千上万的住在默拉皮火山(意思是火之山)附近的印度尼西亚人不得不逃离家园，因为他们认为火山要喷发了。从某种程度上来说，有更多的人生活在地震的危险中，在过去的几百年间，地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。
[助读讲解] ⑦as
around
half
of
the
world's
population...是as引导的原因状语从句。⑧within
the
range
of在……范围之内。⑨to
some
degree在某种程度上。
E Most
disaster
experts
believe
there
is
the
potential(可能性；潜在性)
that⑩
things
could
get
a
lot
worse.Professor
Hou
Ming,
of
Beijing
University
studies
volcanoes
and
he
warns
that
the
world
has
not
seen
the
worst
nature
can
do.The
worst
eruption
in
human
history
was
probably
Mt
Tambora
in
1815,
in
Indonesia.Dust
from
the
volcano
rolled(移动，滚动)
across
the
Earth's
skies
and
pretty
much
cancelled
the
following
summer
in
Europe
and
America.(5)________“It
reduced
temperatures
by
maybe
6℃
in
some
places
and
the
whole
planet
was
sent
into
winter
for
years.And
there
are
about
two
of
these
events
every
100，000
years
...”
大多数研究灾难的专家认为情况可能变得更加糟糕。北京大学的火山专家侯明教授警告人们，自然对人类的最大灾难还没有降临。人类历史上最大的火山喷发可能要数1815年印度尼西亚坦博拉火山的爆发。来自火山的尘埃席卷了地球的上空，以至于第二年欧洲和美洲都没有了夏天。(5)________“它使某些地方的气温降低了大概6摄氏度，整个地球多年中都陷入冬季，而每隔10万年就有大约两次这样的事件……”
[助读讲解] ⑩there
is
the
potential
that...是固定句式，that引导从句作potential的同位语。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P10－11教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．One
cause
of
natural
disaster—Urbanization
and
industrialization.
2．Para.2
B．Over?population
in
cities
makes
more
people
in
the
danger
of
natural
disasters.
3．Para.3
C．Examples
show
natural
disasters
become
common.
4．Para.4
D．Experts
predict
that
natural
disasters
will
get
worse.
5．Para.5
E．Examples
of
volcanic
eruption
and
earthquake
show
their
threat
to
our
world.
[答案] 1－5 CEABD
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P10－11教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．More
and
more
natural
disasters
and
their
influences.
B．Volcanoes,
the
worst
threat
to
human
beings.
C．How
to
predict
the
natural
disasters
correctly.
D．The
measures
people
have
taken
to
prevent
natural
disasters.
2．From
the
passage,
we
can
know
that
．
A．natural
disaster
can
be
predicted
with
the
science
development
B．more
and
worse
nature
disasters
will
come
in
the
future
C．many
countries
have
taken
effective
measures
facing
the
natural
disasters
D．global
warming
is
the
main
cause
of
natural
disasters
3．Why
are
volcanoes
and
earthquakes
are
more
dangerous
than
before?
A．Because
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
warmer.
B．Because
of
the
fast
growing
of
population
on
the
earth.
C．Because
there
are
more
and
more
volcanoes
and
earthquakes.
D．Because
about
half
the
world's
population
lives
in
cities
now.
4．The
following
factors
can
cause
natural
disasters
EXCEPT
．
A．over?population
B．global
warming
C．the
destruction
of
the
world's
forests
D．the
fast
development
of
science
5．According
to
the
passage,
which
one
is
RIGHT?
A．The
Yellow
River
ever
failed
to
reach
the
sea
for
226
days.
B．The
howling
winds
of
Atlantic
hurricanes
are
40%
stronger
with
speeds
of
800
kilometres
an
hour.
C．In
2006,
thousands
of
Indonesians
had
to
flee
because
the
Mt
Merapi
erupted.
D．In
history,
the
worst
volcano
eruption
is
Mt
Tambora.
[答案] 1－5 ABDDA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P10－11教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In
the
last
ten
years,
there
are
more
and
more
disasters
such
1.as
floods,
droughts,
windstorms,
earthquakes,
typhoons,
volcanic
eruptions
2.and
forest
fires
all
over
the
world.
Why
are
so
many
disasters?
One
of
the
3.reasons
(reason)
is
that
the
population
of
the
world
4.is(be)
growing
so
fast.
In
addition,
climate
change
and
5.global(globe)
climate
warming
6.caused
(cause)
by
factories,
vehicles
and
deforestation
can
lead
to
the
disasters
or
make
them
7.worse(bad).
At
present,
volcanoes
and
earthquakes
are
more
8.dangerous(danger)
with
the
dangerous
fast
9.growth(grow)
of
people.
Earthquakes
take
the
lives
of
1.6
million
people
in
the
last
hundred
years.
What
is
worse,
the
disaster
experts
predict
10.that
the
things
will
get
worse.
PAGEUnit
22
Environmental
Protection
Section
Ⅳ Language
Points(Ⅱ)(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The
tiger
is
another
species(物种)
under
severe
threat.
2．Some
residents
only
travel
to
the
mainland(大陆)
once
a
month.
3．Customs
officials
have
seized(没收)
100
kilos
of
cocaine
so
far.
4．One
of
the
children
has
the
potential(潜能)
to
be
a
brilliant
scientist.
5．He
got
thoroughly
wet
in
a
thunderstorm(雷雨)．
6．The
panda's
natural
habitat
is
the
bamboo
forest.
7．He
hung
his
coat
up
on
a
hook
at
the
back
of
the
door.
8．There
is
abundant
rainfall
in
our
hometown.
9．You'd
better
take
various
clothes
in
such
changeable
weather.
10．Please
by
all
means
hand
in
the
report
on
time.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．irrigate
vt.灌溉→irrigation
n．灌溉
2．separate
vt.
分离，分开→separation
n．分离，分开；分居→separated
adj.分开的
3．construct
vt.建造→construction
n．建造，建设→constructive
adj.建设性的，积极的
4．mountain
n．山，山脉→mountainous
adj.多山的
5．potential
adj.潜在的；可能的
n．潜在性；可能性→potentially
adv.潜在地；可能地
6．dust
n．尘土，灰尘→dusty
adj.积满灰尘的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．apart
from
除……以外
2．call
for
an
end
to
sth.
要求结束……
3．or
else
否则；不然
4．wrap
up
结束
5．on
one's
behalf
代表……
6．for
good
永远
7．carry
off
掠去，夺走
8．all
in
all
总的来说
9．result
in
导致
10．earn
one's
living
谋生
Ⅳ.选词填空
用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．They
carried
off
the
first
prize
at
the
international
tournament.
2．The
French
government
today
called
for
an
end
to
the
violence.
3．Would
you
mind
attending
a
meeting
on
my
behalf?
4．A
rise
in
the
temperature
of
the
gas
results
in
its
expansion.
5．All
in
all,
things
worked
out
for
the
better.
v.＋?ive→adj.
v.＋in→复合短语
imaginative
富有想象力的sensitive
敏感的expressive
表情丰富的
bring
in
赚得；引进take
in
吸收break
in
闯入
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.This
makes
your
notes
easier
to
read
when
you
look
at
them
later.这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易辨认些。
make＋宾语＋宾补
We'll
do
our
best
to
make
you
happy.我们会尽一切努力使你幸福。
2.The
last
few
years
have
seen
environmental
disasters
on
a
grand
scale,
and
experts
are
predicting
far
worse
to
come.最近几年里不乏大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。
时间短语作主语
The
last
few
years
have
seen
the
privatization
of
many
industries
previously
owned
by
the
state.最近几年，许多原先的国营工业都私营化了。
3.People
in
agricultural
areas,
without
any
means
to
earn
their
living,
move
to
the
cities,
and
then
construct
shabby
homes
from
whatever
materials
they
can
find
on
poor
clay
soil.农业地区的人口因为无法谋生而流向城市，他们在贫瘠的黏土土地上用可以找到的材料搭起破烂的房屋。
whatever引导宾语从句
You
will
be
successful
in
whatever
you
do
and
you
will
have
a
very
full
and
interesting
life.你不管做什么都会成功，并且会过着非常充实有趣的生活。
apart
from除……以外
(教材P132)Apart
from
the
few
found
in
zoos，pandas
live
only
in
the
central
bamboo
forests
of
mainland
China.
除了少数生活在动物园外，熊猫只生活在中国内地中部的竹林里。
take
sth.
apart
将……拆卸开，拆分
tell
A
and
B
apart
分辨出A与B
fall
apart
破裂，断裂；散开
①I
can't
tell
the
twins
apart.
我分不出这一对双胞胎中谁是谁。
[明辨异同]
besides/except/except
for/apart
from/in
addition
to
besides
意为“除了……之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义，表示在整体中加上一部分，除去的部分包括在内，是包容关系。besides还可用作副词，表示“除此之外”，相当于in
addition
except
意为“除了……没有”，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分要排除在外，是排外关系。前后名词性质相同
except
for
意为“除……之外”，用于引述细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思。前后名词性质不同
apart
from
具有多重意义，既可表示besides，也可表示except或except
for
in
additionto
意为“除此之外，还……”
except，besides，except
for，apart
from
②We
all
passed
the
exam
except/apart
from
Mike，because
he
hadn't
studied
hard.
③We
passed
the
exam
besides/apart
from
Mike，we
were
cheerful.
④He
is
good
man
except
for/apart
from
a
little
pride.
⑤It's
too
late
to
go
out
now.Besides，it's
beginning
to
rain.
answer
for
对(不良后果)负责任；担保，保证；代表……意见
(教材P132)Hunters
in
general
have
a
lot
to
answer
for
in
terms
of
endangered
animals.
一般来说，关于濒危动物，猎人要负很大的责任。
answer
to
sb.(for
sth.)
(因某事)向某人负责
answer
back
顶嘴，反驳
in
answer
to...
作为对……的回答
make
no
answer
不作答，不回答
①All
sales
clerks
answer
to
the
store
manager.
所有的售货员都向商店经理负责。
②We
should
not
answer
back
when
criticized
by
our
parents.
当父母批评我们时，我们不应顶嘴。
③The
doctor
came
at
once
in
answer
to
my
telephone
call.医生接了我的电话后立即就来了。
seize
vt.依法没收；扣押；夺取；抓住；理解
(教材P132)Every
year
police
seize
bags
of
tiger
parts
and
arrest
illegal
hunters
but
sadly，many
never
get
caught.
警方每年都会缴获大量的虎制品，并逮捕非法的狩猎者，不幸的是，很多未被抓到。
seize
sb.by
the＋身体部位
抓住某人的……
seize
a
chance/an
opportunity
抓住时机
seize
on/upon
sth.
意识到某事物而立即加以利用
seize
hold
of
抓住；握住
be
seized
with...
(突然)受到……侵袭；得……疾病
①The
beggar
seized
me
by
the
arm
for
begging
some
money.
这位乞丐抓住我的胳膊要钱。
②I
decided
to
seize
the
opportunity
to
improve
myself.
我决定抓住这个机会提高自己。
③I
was
seized
with
a
sudden
desire
to
laugh
out
loud.
我突然想要放声大笑。
call
for
an
end
to
sth.要求结束……
(教材P132)To
save
these
beautiful
animals，we
need
to
call
for
an
end
to
illegal
hunting
and
improve
our
conservation
programmes
or
else
face
a
future
without
tigers.
为了拯救这些可爱的动物，我们呼吁停止非法捕猎，并提升我们的保护措施，否则我们将面对没有老虎的未来。
come
to
an
end
结束，告终
bring...to
an
end
使……结束
put...to
an
end
结束……
make
ends
meet
使收支平衡
end
(up)
with/end
in...
以……结束；最后……
in
the
end
最后，终于(＝at
last)
at
an
end
结束；终止，耗尽
at
the
end
of...
在……的末端，在……的最后
①The
meeting
came
to
an
end
finally
after
a
long
time
of
discussion.
长时间的讨论之后，会议终于结束了。
②The
holiday
was
at
an
end
and
it
was
time
to
leave.
假期结束了，是离开的时候了。
③We
can't
make
ends
meet
this
month.
我们本月要透支。
④How
does
the
story
end
up？故事是怎样结束的？
on
somebody's
behalf代表……
(教材P132)We
need
to
speak
out
on
their
behalf
before
they
disappear
for
good.
我们需要在它们永远消失之前代表它们说出来。
on
one's
behalf
＝
on
behalf
of
sb. 因为某人；代表某人
in
one's
behalf
＝
in
behalf
of
sb.
为帮助某人
①They
gave
us
a
welcome
on
the
headmaster's
behalf.
他们代表校长欢迎我们。
②We
collected
money
in
behalf
of
the
poor
student.
我们为贫困学生募捐。
③I
made
all
these
troubles
in
your(you)
behalf.
我是为了你才找这么多麻烦的。
carry
off掠去，夺走
(教材P132)Because
the
alligators
live
in
holes
that
damage
the
farmland
and
sometimes
carry
off
farm
animals.
因为短吻鳄生活在毁坏农田后建造的洞穴里，有时会夺走农场的动物。
carry
away
带走；冲去
carry
sb.back
to
sth.
使某人回想起……
carry
on(doing/with
sth.)
继续做
carry
on
sth.
进行/从事某事
carry
out
实行；执行
carry
sb.through
帮某人渡过难关
carry
sth.through
顺利实现
①Extensive
tests
have
been
carried
out
on
the
patient.
已对患者进行了全面检查。
②He
carried
on
doing(do)
the
same
experiment.
他不停地进行同一试验。
③The
rubbish
must
be
carried
away．
垃圾必须运走。
all
in
all总的来说
(教材P133)Well，all
in
all,
if
we
help
protect
these
animals
and
spread
the
news
about
conservation，we
will
be
doing
our
bit...
总之，如果我们帮助保护这些动物，并传播保护动物的消息，我们将会尽一份力量……
in
all
总共
at
all
根本；到底；无论如何；一点儿
after
all
毕竟；终究
first
of
all
首先，第一
above
all
首先，最重要的是
①First
of
all，let
me
say
how
glad
I
am
to
be
here.
首先我要说的是，来到这儿，我是多么高兴。
②What
a
child
should
do，above
all，is
to
do
well
in
his
studies.小孩子该做的首要的事是学好功课。
turn
on对……发怒；攻击；打开(收音机等)；(使)产生兴趣；取决于
(教材P10)Nature
is
turning
on
us.
大自然正在报复我们。
turn
off
关掉
turn
up
调高；出现；到来
turn
down
调低；拒绝
turn
in
转身进入；交上
turn
out
结果是，证明是；制造，生产；出席，在场
turn
over
翻过；翻转
turn
to
转向；求助于
①Once
he
turned
up
thirty
minutes
late
for
a
meeting!
曾经有一次他出现在会议上时已迟到30分钟！
②Could
you
please
turn
down
your
TV
a
bit?
你可以把电视音量关小一点儿吗？
③It
turned
out
that
I
knew
the
person
who
got
shot.
结果我发现我认识那个中枪的人。
result
in导致
(教材P10)A
number
of
nations
have
already
been
in
armed
conflict
over
water，and
reduced
rainfall
in
the
west
of
the
US
has
resulted
in
huge
forest
fires.
已经有几个国家因为水的问题而动武，而美国西部由于降水减少导致了森林大火。
result
from
因……而造成
as
a
result
of
作为……的结果，因为……
as
a
result
结果
with
the
result
that
结果是
without
result
毫无结果
①As
a
result,
humans
developed
a
range
of
character
types
that
still
exists
today.
结果，人类形成了今天仍然存在的一系列的性格类型。
②The
terrible
accident
resulted
from
his
careless
driving.
那桩可怕的事故是因为他的粗心驾驶造成的。
means
n．(单复数同形)手段；方式；方法；途径
(教材P10)People
in
agricultural
areas，without
any
means
to
earn
their
living，move
to
the
cities，and
then
construct
shabby
homes
from
whatever
materials
they
can
find
on
poor
clay
soil.
农业地区的人们因为无法谋生而流向城市，他们在贫瘠的黏土土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。
by
means
of
用/以……方法
by
all
means
务必；一定；当然可以
by
no
means
决不；一点儿也不
by
this
means
用这种方法
①—May
I
have
one？——我可以拿一个吗？
—Yes，by
all
means.——当然可以。
②The
load
was
lifted
by
means
of
a
crane.
重物是用起重机吊起来的。
③By
no
means
will
we
forget
our
hometown.
我们绝不会忘记我们的家乡。
[名师点津]
(1)means单复数同形的名词，作主语时前有every，each，one等修饰语时，谓语用单数；前有several，some，many，few，all等修饰时，谓语用复数。
(2)与means一样单复数同形的名词还有：deer鹿，sheep绵羊，fish鱼，species物种等。
(3)与by
no
means用法相同的短语有：on
no
condition，under/in
no
circumstances，at
no
time，in
no
case，on
no
account，这些放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
(教材P8)This
makes
your
notes
easier
to
read
when
you
look
at
them
later.
这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易辨认些。
【要点提炼】 make
your
notes
easier
to
read为“make＋名词＋形容词”组成的复合结构。
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中的make是使役动词，意为“使……做某事，使……成为，使……怎么样”，有以下几种构成形式：
make＋宾语＋宾补
①The
boss
made
them
work
day
and
night.
老板迫使他们日夜工作。
②His
parents
managed
to
make
him
examined(examine)
in
the
hospital.
他的父母设法让他在医院进行了检查。
③Experience
will
make
him
a
man.
经历会使他成为一个堂堂男子汉。
④He
turned
me
down，which
made
me
at
a
loss.
他拒绝了我，这让我不知所措。
[名师点津]
make后接名词作宾补时，若作宾补的名词是独一无二的职位，如president，chairman，monitor，headmaster，manager，head，captain等，则该名词前不用任何冠词。
(教材P10)The
last
few
years
have
seen
environmental
disasters
on
a
grand
scale，and
experts
are
predicting
far
worse
to
come.
最近几年里不乏大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。
【要点提炼】 句中The
last
few
years作主语，see是谓语，是一种拟人化的句式，用来增加句子的表现力。在英语中，表示时间和地点的一些名词有时候可以作主语，此时谓语动词多为“see，witness，find”等。
①The
following
year
saw
the
death
of
her
father.
第二年她爸爸去世了。
②The
next
few
years
saw
a
series
of
bad
harvests.
接下来的几年里粮食连年歉收。
③The
city
has
witnessed(witness)
many
changes
in
the
last
five
years.
这座城市见证了最近五年的许多变化。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
couldn't
make
himself
heard(hear)
above
the
noise
of
the
traffic.
2．His
father
sent
him
to
Hainan
to
see
if
he
could
earn
his
living(live)
there.
3．By
no
means
can
theory
be
separated
from
practice.
4．The
boy
took
apart
the
toy
car,
but
couldn't
put
it
together
again.
5．I'll
answer
to
your
mother
for
your
safety.
6．The
battle
finally
brought
the
war
to
an
end.
7．These
regions
have
witnessed(witness)
continued
economic
and
social
development.
8．In
any
event,
we
should
carry
on
with
our
research.
9．Our
request
for
a
pay
rise
was
turned
down
again.
10．With
the
method,
we
could
confirm
the
result
and
give
advice
for
the
decision.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．In
the
past
few
years
thousands
of
films
have
produced
all
over
the
world.have后加been
2.
Only
by
this
mean
can
we
master
English.mean→means
3．He
put
a
arm
around
her
shoulder.a→an
4．The
flood
resulted
from
a
considerable
reduction
in
production.from→in
5．An
even
greater
number
of
people
live
at
risk
on
some
degree.on→to
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．The
news
that
our
team
had
won
made
everyone
very
happy．
我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
2．The
past
two
centuries
have
witnessed
the
rise
and
fall
of
the
Chinese
nation.
过去两个世纪见证了中国的兴衰。
3．By
no
means
will
you
tell
him
the
news.
你决不能告诉他这个消息。
4．We
were
all
tired
and
called
for
an
end．
我们都累了并要求结束讨论。
5．What
do
you
like
doing
apart
from/besides
swimming?
除了游泳你还喜欢什么运动？
PAGEUnit
22
Environmental
Protection
Section
Ⅴ Reading
(Ⅲ)
(Communication
Workshop
&
Language
Awareness)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.finance
A．v.释放，放开
( )2.allocate
B．adj.森林被砍伐的
( )3.fragile
C．adj.可以更新的，可以再生的
( )4.valid
D．vt.塞住
( )5.carve
E．n.资金
( )6.cube
F．n.立方体
( )7.plug
G．vi.雕刻
( )8.release
H．adj.脆弱的
( )9.renewable
I．adj.有充分理由的
( )10.deforested
J．vt.分配，配给
[答案] 1－5 EJHIG 6－10 FDACB
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.Will
you
please
sum
up
the
main
ideas
of
this
article?
( )2.I
have
no
way
yet
as
to
how
to
deal
with
such
a
complicated
situation.
( )3.To
be
frank
with
you,
the
population
in
our
country
is
on
the
decrease.
( )4.He
broke
away
from
our
company
last
year,
since
then
I
have
seen
him
no
more.
( )5.Please
concentrate
on
the
business
at
hand
and
don't
drag
in
irrelevant
issues.
( )6.At
one
time
the
schools
were
mainly
attached
to
the
church.
[答案] 1－6 FDBEAC
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P12－13教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．There
is
less
noise
pollution
in
China's
countryside
than
in
China's
urban
areas.( )
2．Average
urban
noise
pollution
levels
have
increased
3
decibels
since
1989.( )
3．China
could
become
one
of
the
least
noise
polluted
countries
within
the
next
decade.( )
[答案] 1－3 TFF
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P12－13教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What
makes
China
face
a
serious
noise
pollution?
A．Environment
pollution.
B．Many
buildings.
C．Large
populations.
D．Many
cars.
2．Why
will
new
schools，hospitals
and
housing
areas
be
allocated
positions
away
from
industrial
areas?
A．Because
industrial
areas
create
high
levels
of
noise.
B．Because
it
isn't
permitted
to
build
them
in
industrial
areas.
C．Because
it
isn't
safe
to
build
them
in
industrial
areas.
D．Because
there
is
no
more
space
in
industrial
areas.
3．Why
should
noise
pollution
levels
drop
even
further?
A．Because
the
population
will
reduce.
B．Because
new
regulations
and
urban
planning
will
be
carried
out.
C．Because
China
will
become
a
developed
country
in
the
future.
D．Because
people
realize
the
disadvantages
of
noise
pollution.
[答案] 1－3 CAB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P15教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Surrounded
Islands
was
one
of
the
most
spectacular
1.projects(project)．But
many
people
thought
we
shouldn't
permit
them
2.to
do(do)
so.But
when
the
wrapping
of
the
Reichastag
in
golden
fabric
3.had
been
completed(complete),
it
received
international
acclaim.
Christo
and
his
team
are
developing
two
4.or
three
projects.The
Arkansas
River,
which
is
5.in
Colorado
in
the
USA,
will
be
covered
by
fabric,
6.which
can
be
seen
from
both
above
and
below.Christo
collected
money
by
the
sale
of
his
7.drawings(draw)．
When
the
Reichstag
was
8.being
displayed(display),
it
attracted
9.a
large
number
of
visitors
from
around
the
world.But
Crhisto's
work
still
trend
10.to
be
criticised(criticise)．
PAGEUnit
22
Environmental
Protection
Section
Ⅵ Language
Points(Ⅲ)
(Communication
Workshop，Language
Awareness，Culture
Corner
&
Bulletin
Board)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The
flower
vase
looks
beautiful,
but
it
is
also
fragile(易碎的)．
2．It
has
passed
through
an
interesting
procedure
of
evolution(进化)．
3．The
old
lady
is
very
considerate(体贴的)
to
the
orphan.
4．The
present
state
of
the
country's
finance
is
very
good.
5．He
went
into
politics(政治)
in
his
early
twenties.
6．They
adopted
a
new
technology
to
recycle
the
waste.
7．All
the
things
will
be
allocated
according
to
people's
contributions.
8．Anne
sharpened
her
pencil
and
continued
her
homework.
9．We
haven't
calculated
the
real
cost
of
the
vacation
yet.
10．The
wood
had
been
carved
into
the
shape
of
a
flower.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．adopt
vt.采用；收养→adoption
n．采用，采纳；收养→adopted
adj.收养的，领养的
2．consider
v．考虑；认为→considerate
adj.考虑周到的，体贴的→consideration
n．考虑
3．politics
n．政治→political
adj.政治的→politician
n．政治家
4．sharp
adj.尖的；锋利的→sharpen
vt.削尖→sharpener
n．卷笔刀
5．evolve
v．进化→evolution
n．进化
6．calculate
vt.计算，算出→calculation
n．计算→calculator
n．计算器
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．all
the
best
祝一切顺利
2．sum
up
总结；概括
3．as
a
matter
of
fact
实际上
4．break
away
from
摆脱，脱离(某种思想体
系、团体、组织)
5．on
the
increase
正在增加
6．deal
with
对待；处理
7．be
optimistic
about
对……乐观
8．concentrate
on
集中精力于
9．at
one
time
曾经；一度
10．have
access
to
拥有……的机会
Ⅳ.选词填空
用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．I
think
he's
just
going
to
deal
with
this
problem
another
day.
2．This
year
the
company
has
concentrated
on
improving
its
efficiency.
3．It's
not
that
difficult.As
a
matter
of
fact,
it's
quite
easy.
4．I
am
optimistic
about
the
outlook
of
our
country.
5．I
was
encouraged
to
break
away
from
old
forms
and
rules.
v.＋?ation→n.
on＋the＋n.→复合短语
starvation
饥饿imagination
想象combination
结合，联合
on
the
move
在移动，搬迁，离开on
the
march
在行军on
the
go
正在活动，正在奔走
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.What
we
should
do
is
start
using
different
sources
of
energy.我们应该做的是利用不同的能源形式。
当主语从句中有行为动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。
What
you
have
to
do
is
study
even
harder
to
make
preparations
for
your
future.你需要做的是更加努力学习为将来做准备。
2.How
long
do
you
think
it
took
to
make
them？你认为做它们需要花费多长时间？
do
you
think作插入语。
When
do
you
suppose
he
will
come
back？你猜他什么时候回来？
3.Many
people
thought
that
permission
wouldn't
be
given,
and
some
thought
the
project
should
never
have
been
allowed.很多人认为不应该允许，也有的认为工程本不应该被批准。
should
have
done意为“本应该做(而没有做)”。
You
should
have
told
me
yesterday
that
you
had
changed
your
mind.你昨天本应该告诉我你改变主意了。
adopt
vt.采用，采纳；收养
(教材P12)The
Chinese
government
has
adopted
several
noise
control
plans
and
as
a
result
noise
pollution
levels
have
improved
in
recent
years.
中国政府采取了几项控制噪音的计划，因此近年来噪音污染程度已经改善。
adoptive
adj.
收养的
adoptable
adj.
可采用的；可收养的
adopted
adj.
被采用的；被收养的
①He
loved
his
adoptive
father
very
much.
他非常爱他的养父。
②The
old
man
devoted
himself
to
his
adopted(adopt)
son.这位老人倾毕生精力于他的养子。
[明辨异同] adopt/adapt
adopt
意为“采用；收养；领养；通过”
adapt
“(使)适应；改编”。常见表达为adapt(oneself)
to...“适应……”，adapt...from/for...“由……改编来的/把……改编成……”
adopt，adapt
③The
young
couple
had
no
children
of
their
own，so
they
adopted
the
suggestion
that
they
should
adopt
an
orphan.After
a
few
months，the
adopted
child
came
to
adapt
to
his
new
life.
considerate
adj.想得周到的，体贴的
(教材P133)We
can
all
help
by
being
more
considerate
and
thinking
of
our
neighbours.
多体谅多考虑一下我们的邻居，我们就会起到这一作用(降低噪音污染)。
(1)It
is
considerate
of
sb.to
do
sth.
某人干某事是周到的
be
considerate
to
sb.
体谅某人，替某人着想
(2)consideration
n.
仔细考虑；体谅，顾及
take
sth.into
consideration
考虑到……，顾及……
(3)consider
doing
sth.
考虑做某事
consider
sb./sth.(to
be/as)＋n./adj.
认为……
(4)considerable
adj.
相当多(或大、重要等)的
①If
you
learn
to
be
considerate
to
others，you
will
gain
respect.
如果你学会为别人着想，你将会赢得尊敬。
②I
always
take
fuel
consumption
into
consideration(consider)
when
buying
a
car.
③I
didn't
really
consider
doing(do)
anything
else
seriously.
allocate
vt.分配；配给
(教材P13)New
schools，hospitals
and
housing
areas
will
be
allocated
positions
away
from
main
roads，rail
roads
and
industrial
areas
that
create
high
levels
of
noise.
新学校、医院和居民区将安排在远离产生严重噪音的公路、铁路和工业区。
(1)allocate
sb.sth.＝allocate
sth.to
sb.
分配给某人某物
allocate
sth.for
sth.
拨出某物做某事
allocate
sth.among...
在……范围内分配
(2)allocation
n.
[C]划拨的款项；分配的东西
[U]划拨，分配
①The
boss
allocated
an
expensive
car
to
him.
老板分配给他一辆昂贵的小汽车。
②The
company
allocated
500，000
yuan
for
disaster
relief.
公司拨出50万元作为救灾款。
break
away
from脱离；离开；背弃；与……脱离关系
(教材P134)But
we
need
to
break
away
from
that
way
of
thinking.
但是我们需要从那种思考方式中解脱出来。
break
in
破门而入；打断
break
into
闯入；破门而入；打断(谈话)
break
out
爆发；突然发生
break
through
突破；冲垮
break
down
(计划/谈判)失败；出故障；分解
break
up
打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体)
①Talks
have
broken
down
over
the
disputed
territory.
对有争议的领土问题的谈判破裂了。
②Norton
Sound
was
covered
with
ice,
which
could
sometimes
break
up
without
warning.
诺顿海湾被冰覆盖着，冰有时候毫无征兆的破碎。
③We
hope
to
break
through
soon
in
the
fight
against
AIDS.
我们希望在与艾滋病作斗争中很快有所突破。
calculate
vi.
计算，算出；打算；觉得；认为
(教材P134)How
do
I
calculate
the
answer
to
this
question?
我如何算出这道题的答案？
calculate＋
计算出……
It
is
calculated
that从句
据估算……
calculated
adj.
精心策划的；蓄意的
be
calculated
to
do
sth.
打算做；故意做；可能做
①It
is
calculated
that
the
population
of
China
is
more
than
1.3
billion.据估算中国人口已超过13亿。
②This
advertisement
is
calculated
to
attract(attract)
children.这个广告是为吸引儿童设计的。
concentrate
on全神贯注于；集中于
(教材P16)Besides
protecting
endangered
species，the
WWF
concentrates
on
these
key
areas
of
global
conservation...除了保护濒危物种外，世界野生动物基金还把力量集中在全球保护的几个重点领域……
concentrate
one's
mind/efforts
on(doing)sth.致力于；集中(精力，注意力等)(做)某事
表示“全神贯注，精神集中于”的短语还有：
be
absorbed
in；be
buried
in；be
lost
in；pay
attention
to；focus(one's
attention)on；be
focused
on；fix
one's
eyes/attention
on/upon
①The
boy
was
completely
absorbed/buried/lost
in
the
science
fiction.
这个男孩完全迷上了科幻小说。
②Everyone
concentrated
their
attention
on
listening(listen)
to
the
teacher.
大家都集中注意力听老师讲课。
release
vt.
&
n.
释放；放开；公布；发行；免除；解雇；透露，流露
(教材P16)About
23，000，000，000
tonnes
of
carbon
dioxide
are
released
into
the
atmosphere
every
year.
每年约有230亿吨二氧化碳排放到大气中。
写出下列句中release的含义
①Han
Geng's
solo
album
Geng
Heart
is
to
be
released
next
week.发行，发布
②She
burst
into
tears，releasing
all
her
depressed
emotions.发泄
③He
refused
to
release
her
arm.放开，松开
④He
was
released
from
prison
yesterday.释放
release...from... 把……从……中解脱出来
⑤Death
at
last
released
her
from
her
pain.
死亡最终使她免除了痛苦。
at
one
time
曾经，一度
(教材P16)At
one
time，half
the
land
on
the
Earth's
surface
was
covered
by
forest.
曾经，地球表面一半的陆地为森林所覆盖。
at
a
time
每次，一次
at
the
same
time
同时
in
time
及时；迟早，总有一天
on
time
准时
all
the
time
一直，始终
in
no
time
立即，马上
at
no
time
从不，决不
①We
can't
do
two
things
at
a
time.
我们不能一次做两件事。
②At
times
I
go
out
to
the
beach.
有时候我到海滩去。
③At
no
time
will
I
regret
what
I
have
done
today.
我决不会后悔今天所做的事。
[名师点津]
at
no
time
是具有否定意义的短语，放在句首时句子要部分倒装。
access
n．入口；通道；使用途径；接近
(教材P16)The
WWF
works
hard
to
protect
freshwater
environment
from
pollution
and
to
help
people
in
developing
countries
have
access
to
safe，clean
water.
世界野生生物基金会努力保护淡水环境不被污染，帮助发展中国家的人们使用安全、干净的水。
(1)have
easy/good
access
to(地方)近便
have/gain/get
access
to
进入权
have
access
to
a
phone/a
computer
附近有电话/电脑可用
with
easy
access
to
离……很近
(2)accessible
adj.
可接近的；可进入的
be
accessible
to
能进入；易接近；可以理解
①The
only
access
to
that
building
is
along
this
muddy
track.
只有沿这条泥泞小路才能到达那幢大楼。
②You
need
a
password
to
get
access
to
the
computer
system.
使用这个计算机系统需要口令。
③Teachers
have
free
access
to
the
library.
教师可以自由使用图书馆。
④The
system
is
accessible(access)
to
the
students
to
get
digital
resources
of
the
library.
这个系统可以为学生所利用以获得图书馆的数字资源。
(教材P14)What
we
should
do
is
start
using
different
sources
of
energy.
我们应该做的是开始使用不同类型的能源。
【要点提炼】 本句为“主＋系＋表”结构的主从复合句。连接代词what引导主语从句what
we
should
do，what在该从句中作宾语，意为“……的事”；另外，is后为省略了to的不定式，该不定式在句中作表语。be动词前，若有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。
(1)在介词but，except，besides，than等表示“除了……”之意的词前，若有实义动词do时，常用无to的不定式作介词的宾语。
(2)若but，except等词前无实义动词do时，则后接带to的动词不定式。
①He
was
unable
to
do
anything
but/except
wait.
除了等待，他什么也做不了。
②What
do
you
like
to
do
besides
swim?
除了游泳，你还爱好什么？
③He
had
no
choice
but
to
give(give)
in.
除了让步，他别无选择。
(教材P15)Many
people
thought
that
permission
wouldn't
be
given，and
some
thought
the
project
should
never
have
been
allowed．
许多人认为不会得到许可，也有一些人认为这项工程本来就不该被允许。
【要点提炼】 should
never
have
been
allowed属于“情态动词＋have
done”结构的否定形式，should
have
done表示“本该做某事(而实际上未做)”，含有责备或遗憾的意味。
“情态动词＋have
done”结构：
(1)must
have
done用于肯定句，表示“(过去)一定做了某事”。
(2)can't
have
done表示“不可能做了某事”，用于对过去的否定情况把握较大的推测。
(3)could
have
done表示“本能做某事(而实际上没做)”。
(4)might
have
done
①表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”；②表示责备、惋惜之情，意为“本可以做某事(而事实上没做)”。
(5)needn't
have
done表示“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。
①You
must
have
seen
the
film
Les
Choristes.
你肯定看过电影《放牛班的春天》。
②George
can't
have
gone
too
far.
His
coffee
is
still
warm.
乔治不可能走太远，他的咖啡仍是温的。
③You
could
have
made
greater
progress，but
you
didn't
try
your
best.
你本来可以取得更大的进步，但是你没有努力。
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
①The
debt
must
be
paid
off
before
next
month.②The
broken
bike
is
being
repaired
now.③The
work
will
be
finished
in
three
hours.④He
has
no
memory
of
having
been
praised.⑤They
are
to
see
the
concert
being
held
in
Shanghai
at
present.
后自主感悟
1.句①为情态动词的被动语态。2.句②③分别为现在进行时和一般将来时的被动语态。3.句④⑤分别为动名词和现在分词的被动语态。
一、谓语动词的被动语态
一般来说，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态。动作的执行者一般由介词by引起的短语来充当(常省略)。被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成，其各种时态形式见下表：
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般式
done
done
进行式
完成式
had
been
done
注：情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be
done
Mo
Yan
is
regarded
as
a
brilliant
man.(一般现在时)
莫言被认为是个才华横溢的人。
This
book
was
published
in
2016.(一般过去时)
这本书出版于2016年。
A
new
railway
is
now
being
built.(现在进行时)
一条新铁路正在修建。
Such
a
thing
has
never
been
heard
of
before.(现在完成时)
这种事以前从未听说过。
The
cat
was
being
washed
when
we
called
him.(过去进行时)
我们给他打电话时他在给猫洗澡。
He
said
the
factory
had
been
opened.(过去完成时)
他说这家工厂已经开张。
A
new
bridge
will
be
built
over
the
river.(一般将来时)河上将建一座新桥。
The
work
must
be
finished
at
once.(情态动词＋be
done)
这项工作必须立刻完成。
[名师点津]
(1)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well，badly，easily等副词连用时，表示主语的内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动形式表示被动意义，这时不用于被动语态，常见的有：write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook等。
This
sweater
washes
well.(wash表示主语的性能)
这件外套很好洗。
(2)某些表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,
feel，smell,
taste,
sound,
prove,
appear等，用主动表示被动，常接形容词或名词作表语。
It
sounds
good.
那听上去很好。
(3)表示运动变化的某些动词，如drive，change，move等，不用于被动语态。
The
traffic
light
changed
green.
交通灯变绿了。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
Iessons
and
their
efforts
will
be
rewarded(reward)
with
success
in
the
end.
②More
efforts,
as
reported，will
be
made(make)
in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply?side
structural
reform.
③—Did
you
enjoy
the
party?
—Yes.
We
were
treated(treat)
well
by
our
hosts.
④
To
my
delight,
I
was
chosen(choose)
from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
⑤We
are
confident
that
the
environment
will
be
improved(improve)
by
our
further
efforts
to
reduce
pollution.
二、非谓语动词的被动语态
1．构成
非谓语动词的被动语态包括一般式和完成式。其构成如下表：
非谓语动词
一般式
完成式
动名词
being
done
having
been
done
现在分词
being
done
having
been
done
上不定式
to
be
done
to
have
been
done
The
little
child's
wish
is
to
be
taken
to
Disneyland.
(不定式一般式的被动语态)
这个小孩子的愿望是被领着去迪斯尼乐园。
Her
latest
book
is
said
to
have
been
translated
into
Chinese.(不定式完成式的被动语态)
她最新出版的书据说已被译成中文了。
The
squirrel
was
lucky
that
it
just
missed
being
caught.(动名词一般式的被动语态)
这只松鼠很幸运，它恰好逃脱了。
The
building
being
built
now
is
our
teaching
building.(现在分词一般式的被动语态)
正在建的这座建筑物是我们的教学楼。
Having
been
invited
to
speak,
I'll
have
to
start
making
preparations
tomorrow.(现在分词完成式的被动语态)
因被邀请讲话，我明天就得开始做准备。
2．不用被动语态的情况
(1)need,
want,
require,
deserve，be
worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。
Your
hair
needs
cutting.(主动表被动)
你的头发该理了。
(2)不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，此类形容词包括：difficult,
comfortable,
pleasant,
fit,
interesting,
unfit,
light，heavy,
dangerous,
etc.等。
The
sentence
is
easy
to
understand.
(understand与the
sentence构成动宾关系)
这个句子容易理解。
(3)不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义。
She
had
only
a
cold
room
to
live
in.
(live
in与room有逻辑上的动宾关系)
她只有一间寒冷的房间居住。
(4)在be
to结构中的一些不定式。这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。这类动词有blame，seek，let(出租)等。
You
are
to
blame
for
the
accident.
(be
to
blame结构)
你应该为这次事故负责。
(5)过去分词本身表示被动意义，其没有被动形式。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①The
airport
to
be
completed(complete)
next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
②China
recently
tightened
its
waters
controls
near
the
Huangyan
Island
to
prevent
Chinese
fishing
boats
from
being
attacked(attack)
in
the
South
China
Sea.
③This
machine
is
very
easy
to
operate(operate)．Anybody
can
learn
to
use
it
in
a
few
minutes.
④Having
been
asked(ask)
to
work
overtime
that
evening,
I
missed
a
wonderful
film.
⑤The
old
building
needs
repairing/to
be
repaired(repair)．
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It
is
reported
that
a
space
station
will
be
built(build)
on
the
moon
in
years
to
come.
2．In
my
hometown,
there
is
always
a
harvest
supper
for
the
farmers
after
all
the
wheat
has
been
cut(cut)．
3．Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks,
no
agreement
has
been
reached(reach)
so
far
by
the
two
sides.
4．More
expressways
will
be
built(build)
in
Sichuan
soon
to
promote
the
local
economy.
5．I
was
allowed(allow)
to
pet
up
close
to
these
cute
animals
at
the
600?acre
centre.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Your
pronunciation
should
be
paid
attention.attention后加to
2．She
was
heard
sing
an
English
song
in
the
classroom.sing→to
sing
3．Whom
was
English
spoken
in
the
next
room
just
now?
Whom→By
whom或spoken后加by
4．The
job
had
better
been
finished
ahead
of
time.been→be
5．Great
changes
have
been
taken
place
in
our
country.去掉been
6．A
maths
problem
was
discussed
when
I
entered
the
classroom.was后加being
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We
have
no
choice
but
to
face(face)
the
dangers.
2．I
calculated
that
we
would
arrive
at
6
p．m.
3．These
are
factors
we
must
take
into
consideration(consider)．
4．Do
you
know
how
to
deal
with
stress?
5．More
resources
are
being
allocated
to
the
project.
6．Not
only
did
I
know
her,
but
I
was
her
best
friend.
7．He
said
that
the
Christmas
tree
would
be
bought(buy)
soon.
8．You
can
easily
get
access
to
the
humorous
old
man.
9．He
fixed
his
attention
on
listening(listen)
to
the
morning
news.
10．At
no
time
has
the
country
been
more
prosperous
than
at
present.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．What
could
I
do
but
to
accept
his
conditions？去掉to
2．I
showed
her
how
to
do
with
the
rubbish.how→what或do改为deal
3．She
adopted
herself
quickly
to
the
new
climate.adopted→adapted
4．I
shall
at
all
times
be
considerate
for
my
fellow
students
and
teachers.for→to
5．It
cannot
be
denied
that
crime
is
in
the
increase.in→on
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．There's
nothing
else
to
do
but
send
for
the
doctor．
别无它法只好请大夫了。
2．It
is
considerate
of
you
not
to
play
the
piano
while
I
was
asleep.
在我睡觉时你不弹钢琴，真是体贴入微。
3．Our
difficulties
passed
away
when
we
dealt
with
them
in
the
proper
way．
我们用恰当的方法对待困难，困难就消除了。
4．Have
you
calculated
what
a
holiday
in
France
would
cost?
去法国度假的开销有多大，你算过没有？
5．The
criminal
broke
away
from
the
young
policemen．
那名罪犯从年轻警察手里逃脱了。
PAGEUnit
22
Environmental
Protection
Section
Ⅶ Writing——报告
报告是就一个问题展开调查后做出的分析与总结。报告是一种应用文体。调查者在对特定对象深入考察了解的基础上，经过归纳整理，分析研究，进而揭示事物的本质，得出符合实际的结论，用文字形式表现出来。写作时要注意知识的科学性，行文的条理性和语言的准确性。
报告一般分为四部分：
1．标题(Heading)：标题一般分为话题(Subject)与报告日期(Date)
2．报告的目的(Aim
of
the
Report)
3．陈述(Comments)：陈述有负面陈述(Negative
Comments)和积极陈述(Positive
Comments)
4．结论和建议(Conclusion
and
Suggestions)
1．列举事项
There
are
also
problems
caused
by...
Furthermore，there
are
the
problems
caused
by...
In
addition，there
are
the
problems
caused
by...
Moreover，there
are
the
problems
caused
by...
2．对比事项
However，things
have
improved
recently.
On
the
other
hand，things
have
improved
recently.
Although
these
figures
are
depressing，things
have
improved
recently.
Despite
these
depressing
figures，things
have
improved
recently.
3．列举例子
For
example，the
Chinese
government
has
recently
decided
to...
In
this
way，they
hope
to...
They
have
introduced
things
such
as...
This
is
bad，particularly/especially
in
the
area
of...
4．表明影响
As
a
result
of
this，people
now
expect...
What
this
means
is
that
people
now
expect...
5．结论
To
sum
up，the
situation
is...
All
things
considered，there
seems
to
be...
随着哥本哈根世界气候大会的召开，越来越多的人开始关注气候变化。请写一篇100词左右的报告，简要描述二氧化碳(carbon
dioxide)过量排放的危害(严重的风暴、干旱、全球变暖等)，并提出具体建议，号召人们选择低碳生活(low?carbon
life)方式。
体裁
报告
时态
一般现在时为主
话题
气候变化
人称
第三人称为主
结构
第一段：二氧化碳过量排放的危害；第二段：具体建议。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．result
in/lead
to
导致
2．focus/concentrate
on
集中(精力/注意力……)于……上
3．circumstance/condition
条件
4．make
a
difference
起作用/发生影响
5．environmental?friendly
环保的
6．catastrophe
灾难
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
The
rise
of
temperature
will
result
in
a
higher
sea
level,
more
severe
storms,
floods,
droughts,
and
even
the
extinction
of
species.
气温的上升会导致海平面更高、更多暴风雨、洪水、干旱甚至物种灭绝。
(二)句式升级
1．The
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air
increase
rapidly.The
global
temperature
continues
going
up.(用with复合结构改写句子)
With
the
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air
increasing
rapidly,
the
global
temperature
continues
going
up.
2．The
UN
conference
in
Copenhagen
focused
on
future
actions
on
climate
changes.It
has
attracted
more
and
more
people's
attention.(用定语从句改写句子)
The
UN
conference
in
Copenhagen
focused
on
future
actions
on
climate
changes,
which
has
attracted
more
and
more
people's
attention.
【参考范文】
With
the
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air
increasing
rapidly，the
global
temperature
continues
going
up.It
would
be
a
catastrophe.The
rise
of
temperature
will
result
in
a
higher
sea
level，more
severe
storms，floods，droughts，and
even
the
extinction
of
species.
The
UN
conference
in
Copenhagen
focused
on
future
actions
on
climate
changes，which
has
attracted
more
and
more
people's
attention.
We
must
take
action
immediately.Turn
off
the
lights，the
TV，the
computers
and
so
on
if
we
are
not
using
them.Recycle
cans，bottles，plastic
bags
and
newspapers
if
circumstances
allow
us
to.Walk
or
ride
bikes
if
we
can.Let's
lead
a
low?carbon
life.
PAGEUnit
22
Environmental
Protection
【导读】 伯尔斯通庄园的主人不幸惨遭杀害，死状奇惨无比，头颅几乎被枪击得粉碎，四周血肉模糊，惨不忍睹！尸体旁边留有卡片，上面潦草地写着“V.V.341”的字样。这令案子更为扑朔迷离：这张卡片难道是凶手留下来的吗？它代表什么意义？“恐怖谷”曾令道格拉斯惴惴不安。“恐怖谷”究竟是个怎样的地方？道格拉斯的死与“恐怖谷”又有什么关系？
【节选】
As
McMurdo
had
said,
the
house
in
which
he
lived
was
a
lonely
one
and
very
well
suited
for
such
a
crime
as
they
had
planned.It
was
on
the
extreme
fringe
of
the
town
and
stood
well
back
from
the
road.In
any
other
case
the
conspirators
would
have
simply
called
out
their
man,
as
they
had
many
a
time
before,
and
emptied
their
pistols
into
his
body;
but
in
this
instance
it
was
very
necessary
to
find
out
how
much
he
knew,
how
he
knew
it,
and
what
had
been
passed
on
to
his
employers.
It
was
possible
that
they
were
already
too
late
and
that
the
work
had
been
done.If
that
was
indeed
so,
they
could
at
least
have
their
revenge
upon
the
man
who
had
done
it.But
they
were
hopeful
that
nothing
of
great
importance
had
yet
come
to
the
detective's
knowledge,
as
otherwise,
they
argued,
he
would
not
have
troubled
to
write
down
and
forward
such
trivial
information
as
McMurdo
claimed
to
have
given
him.However,
all
this
they
would
learn
from
his
own
lips.Once
in
their
power,
they
would
find
a
way
to
make
him
speak.It
was
not
the
first
time
that
they
had
handled
an
unwilling
witness.
McMurdo
went
to
Hobson's
Patch
as
agreed.The
police
seemed
to
take
particular
interest
in
him
that
morning,
and
Captain
Marvin—he
who
had
claimed
the
old
acquaintance
with
him
at
Chicago—actually
addressed
him
as
he
waited
at
the
station.McMurdo
turned
away
and
refused
to
speak
with
him.He
was
back
from
his
mission
in
the
afternoon,
and
saw
McGinty
at
the
Union
House.
“He
is
coming，”
he
said.
“Good！”
said
McGinty.The
giant
was
in
his
shirt
sleeves,
with
chains
and
seals
gleaming
athwart
his
ample
waistcoat
and
a
diamond
twinkling
through
the
fringe
of
his
bristling
beard.Drink
and
politics
had
made
the
Boss
a
very
rich
as
well
as
powerful
man.The
more
terrible,
therefore,
seemed
that
glimpse
of
the
prison
or
the
gallows
which
had
risen
before
him
the
night
before.
“Do
you
reckon
he
knows
much？”
he
asked
anxiously.
McMurdo
shook
his
head
gloomily.“He's
been
here
some
time?six
weeks
at
the
least.I
guess
he
didn't
come
into
these
parts
to
look
at
the
prospect.If
he
has
been
working
among
us
all
that
time
with
the
railroad
money
at
his
back,
I
should
expect
that
he
has
got
results,
and
that
he
has
passed
them
on.”
“There's
not
a
weak
man
in
the
lodge，”
cried
McGinty.“True
as
steel,
every
man
of
them.And
yet,
by
the
Lord!
There
is
that
skunk
Morris.What
about
him?
If
any
man
gives
us
away,
it
would
be
he.I've
a
mind
to
send
a
couple
of
the
boys
round
before
evening
to
give
him
a
beating
up
and
see
what
they
can
get
from
him.”
“Well,
there
would
be
no
harm
in
that，”
McMurdo
answered.“I
won't
deny
that
I
have
a
liking
for
Morris
and
would
be
sorry
to
see
him
come
to
harm.He
has
spoken
to
me
once
or
twice
over
lodge
matters,
and
though
he
may
not
see
them
the
same
as
you
or
I,
he
never
seemed
the
sort
that
squeals.But
still
it
is
not
for
me
to
stand
between
him
and
you.”
“I'll
fix
the
old
devil！”
said
McGinty
with
an
oath.“I've
had
my
eye
on
him
this
year
past.”
“Well,
you
know
best
about
that，”
McMurdo
answered.“But
whatever
you
do
must
be
tomorrow；for
we
must
lie
low
until
the
Pinkerton
affair
is
settled
up.We
can't
afford
to
set
the
police
buzzing,
today
of
all
days.”
“True
for
you，”
said
McGinty.“And
we'll
learn
from
Birdy
Edwards
himself
where
he
got
his
news
if
we
have
to
cut
his
heart
out
first.Did
he
seem
to
scent
a
trap？”
McMurdo
laughed.“I
guess
I
took
him
on
his
weak
point，”
he
said.“If
he
could
get
on
a
good
trail
of
the
Scowrers,
he's
ready
to
follow
it
into
hell.I
took
his
money，”
McMurdo
grinned
as
he
produced
a
wad
of
dollar
notes,
“and
as
much
more
when
he
has
seen
all
my
papers.”
“What
papers？”
正如麦克默多所说的那样，他所寄寓的住所孤寂无邻，正适于他们进行策划的那种犯罪活动。寓所位于镇子的最边缘，又远离大路。若是作为其它案子，那些凶手只要照老办法把要杀的人叫出来，把子弹都射到他身上就行了。可是这次，他们却要弄清这人知道多少秘密，怎么知道的，给他的雇主送过多少情报。
可能他们动手太晚了，对方已把情报送走了。如果真是这样，他们至少还可以向送情报的人复仇。不过他们希望这个侦探还没弄到什么非常重要的情报，要不然，他干吗不厌其烦地记下麦克默多捏造的那些毫无价值的废话呢。然而，所有这一切，他们要让他亲口招认出来。一旦把他抓到手，他们会设法让他开口的，他们已经不是第一次处理这样的事了。
麦克默多到霍布森领地后，这天早晨警察似乎很注意他，正当麦克默多在车站等候时，那个自称在芝加哥就和他是老相识的马文队长，竟然和他打起招呼来。麦克默多不愿和他讲话，便转身走开了，这天中午麦克默多完成任务返回之后，到工会去见麦金蒂。
“他就要来的，”麦克默多说道。
“好极了！”麦金蒂说道。这位巨人只穿着衬衫，背心下露出的表链闪闪发光，钻石别针尤其光彩夺目。既开设酒馆，又玩弄政治，使得这位首领既有权势，又非常有钱。然而，前一天晚上，他面前仿佛隐约闪现着监狱和绞刑这样可怕的东西。
“你估计他对我们的事知道得多吗？”麦金蒂焦虑地问道。
麦克默多阴郁地摇了摇头，说道：“他已经来了很长时间，至少有六个星期了。我想他还没有到我们这儿来收集他需要的东西。倘若他要利用铁路资本来做后盾，又在我们中间活动了这么长时间，我想，他早已有所收获，而且早已把它传递出去了。”
“我们分会里没有一个意志薄弱的人，”麦金蒂高声喊道，“每个人都象钢铁一样坚定可靠。不过，天哪！只有那个可恶的莫里斯。他的情况怎么样？一旦有人出卖我们，那就一定是他。我想派两个弟兄在天黑以前去教训他一顿，看看他们从他身上能得到什么情况。”
“啊，那样做倒也无妨，”麦克默多答道，“不过，我不否认，我喜欢莫里斯，并且不忍眼看他受到伤害。他曾经向我说过一两次分会里的事，尽管他对这些事的看法不象你我一样，他也绝不象是一个告密的人。不过我并不想干涉你们之间的事。”
“我一定要结果这个老鬼！”麦金蒂发誓道，“我对他留意已经有一年了。”
“好，你对这些知道得很清楚，”麦克默多答道，“不过你必须等到明天再去处理，因为在平克顿这件事解决好以前，我们必须暂停其它活动。时间有的是，何必一定要在今天去惊动警察呢。”
“你说得对，”麦金蒂说道，“我们可以在把伯尔弟·爱德华的心挖出以前，从他身上弄清他到底是从什么地方得到的消息。他会不会看穿我们设的圈套呢？”
麦克默多笑容满面。“我想我抓住了他的弱点，”麦克默多说道，“如果他能得到死酷党人的踪迹，他甚至甘心尾随他上天入地。我已经拿到他的钱了。”麦克默多咧嘴笑了，取出一叠钞票给大家看，“他答应看到我的全部文件后，还要给更多的钱。”
“什么文件？”
[知识积累]
1．empty
vt.
清空
2．be
of
importance
重要的
3．as
otherwise
另有
4．take
interest
in
对……感兴趣
5．reckon
vt.估计
[文化链接]
《恐怖谷》作者简介
亚瑟·柯南·道尔(1859－1930)英国杰出的侦探
小说家、剧作家。生于苏格兰爱丁堡，父亲是一位政府建工部的公务员。柯南·道尔自幼喜欢文学，中学时任校刊主编。毕业于爱丁堡医科大学，行医10余年，收入仅能维持生活。后专写侦探小说。《血字的研究》几经退稿才发表，以《四签名》闻名于世。1891年弃医从文，遂成侦探小说家。代表作有《波西米亚丑闻》《红发会》、《五个橘核》等。
PAGE
