Unit
23
Conflict
当今世界，战争不断，冲突升级，给孩子们带来了怎样的伤害呢？
Children
in
conflict
Over
the
last
ten
years，two
million
children
have
been
killed
in
conflict.Over
one
million
have
been
orphaned，over
six
million
have
been
seriously
injured
or
permanently
disabled
and
over
ten
million
have
been
left
with
serious
psychological
trauma.
Since
1998
there
have
been
armed
conflicts
involving
Child
Soldiers
in
at
least
36
countries.However，the
traumatic
scars
left
on
children
are
just
one
of
a
vast
aftermath
of
post
war
problems:
refugees，food
shortages
and
mourning
for
lost
relatives.Former
Child
Soldiers
may
at
best
have
their
needs
forgotten
and
at
worst
be
blamed
by
their
communities
for
what
happened.
As
you
would
expect，SOS
Children
work
in
many
countries
to
help
Child
Soldiers
and
other
children
scarred
by
conflict.As
well
as
our
current
focus
projects
for
Ugandan
Child
Soldiers
and
children
in
Palestine，we
are
working
around
the
world
with
children
whose
lives
will
never
be
the
same.Other
current
Child
Soldier
projects
include
rehabilitation
of
Child
Soldiers
in
Sudan
where
SOS
is
providing
counselling，family?tracing，education
and
support
for
former
Child
Soldiers.
We
are
also
able
to
look
back
from
long
experience
at
the
issue
of
Child
Soldiers.Ten
years
after
the
massacre
in
Rwanda，we
are
working
to
rebuild
lives.Nine
members
of
our
community
were
murdered
in
the
genocide
there.Another，who
was
forced
to
become
a
child
soldier
and
join
the
conflict，only
to
lose
a
leg
to
a
land
mine，is
interviewed
on
our
Rwanda
page.
“War
violates
every
right
of
a
child—the
right
to
life，the
right
to
be
with
family
and
nurtured
and
respected.”
[阅读障碍词]
1．trauma
n．
痛苦
2．involve...in...
使……涉及/卷入……
3．refugee
n.
难民
4．massacre
n.
屠杀
5．violate
vt.
违反；侵犯
[诱思导读]
1．What
serious
aftermath
do
wars
lead
to?
Refugees，food
shortages
and
mourning
for
lost
relatives.
2．What
do
SOS
Children
do?
To
help
Child
Soldiers
and
other
children
scarred
by
conflict.
Section
Ⅰ Reading(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.betray
A．n.烟雾
( )2.memorial
B．adj.圣洁的
( )3.justice
C．n.不和，冲突
( )4.compromise
D．n.两星期
( )5.prejudice
E．vt.背叛，出卖
( )6.adolescent
F．n.偏见
( )7.fortnight
G．n.妥协，让步
( )8.friction
H．n.正义
( )9.holy
I．adj.青春期的
( )10.smog
J．n.纪念碑
[答案] 1－5 EJHGF 6－10 IDCBA
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.He
hoped
to
get
rid
of
the
pain
in
what
was
left
of
his
knee.
( )2.In
a
flash,
he
thought
he
foresaw
the
result
of
this
thing.
( )3.Yuan
Shikai
forced
the
emperor
to
hand
over
power
to
him.
( )4.They
turn
to
you
because
they
trust
you.
( )5.He
wanted
to
change
for
my
money
but
he
got
into
trouble.
( )6.The
car
went
out
of
control
and
crashed
over
the
cliff.
[答案] 1－6 DEBFAC
Drummer(鼓手)
hits
the
road
Yang
Ming,
drummer
for
the
rock
band
“Storm”，
has
packed
his
bags.He's
bid
his
furnished
apartment
goodbye
after
complaints
from
his
neighbours
about
loss
of
sleep.Being
a
bachelor(单身汉),
Yang
Ming
held
parties
every
night
but
the
biggest
problem
was
his
latenight
drumming.
鼓手走人
杨明是“暴风雨”摇滚乐队的鼓手，他已经收拾好了行李。在他的邻居抱怨失眠以后，他告别了装修好的住房。杨明是一个单身汉，他每天晚上都开晚会，但是最大的问题是他在深夜打鼓。
Seldom
has
drumming
caused
such
conflict①.Yang
Ming's
neighbours
say
they
were
being
driven
mad
being
exposed
to
such
noise.Had
they
known
their
neighbour
was
a
drummer,
they
wouldn't
have
moved
into
the
building②.No
sooner
had
they
moved
in
than
the
noise
began
and
rarely
did
they
get
a
full
night's
sleep.Neither
could
they
relax③
or
read
a
book
without
plugging(塞住)
their
ears.One
neighbour
also
claims(声称)
that
Yang
Ming
is
an
alcoholic(酒鬼)
and
was
a
bad
influence
on
his
adolescent
son.
由于练鼓而引起这样的纠纷是很少见的。杨明的邻居们说处于这样的噪音中他们快要被逼疯了。如果早知道他们的邻居是一位鼓手，他们就不会搬进这座大楼了。他们刚一般进去，噪音就开始了，而且他们几乎没有睡过一个安稳觉。如果不塞住耳朵他们就不能休息或者看书。一个邻居还声称杨明是个酒鬼，对他未成年的儿子是个坏影响。
[助读讲解] ①此句是部分倒装，否定词no，never,
seldom,
little,
hardly等置于句首，句子用部分倒装。②此句是虚拟条件句，使用了倒装语序；正常语序If
they
had
known...。③no
sooner,
rarely,
neither等置于句首，句子用部分倒装。
In
the
end,
the
local
council(委员会)
took
action.“It
was
only
after
careful
consideration
that④
we
gave
Yang
Ming
a
warning，”
a
council
member
said.“Getting
enough
sleep
is
important
for
people's
health
and
after
such
a
chorus
of⑤
complaints,
we
had
to
take
action.”
最后，当地的居委会采取了行动。“在慎重考虑之后我们给了杨明一个警告，”一名居委会成员说，“得到充足的睡眠对人们的健康很重要，在收到如此一致的投诉之后，我们不得不采取行动。”
[助读讲解] ④本句是“It＋is/was＋被强调的部分＋that＋其他部分”的强调句型，此处强调时间状语only
after
careful
consideration。⑤a
chorus
of
sth.齐声，异口同声。
Yang
Ming's
departure(离去)
has
pleased
his
neighbours.“Life
will
go
back
to
normal
now，”
they
say.
For
Yang
Ming's
version
of
the
story,
we
found
him
in
the
lounge(休息室)
of
his
suite(套房)
at
Shanghai's
Holiday
Inn
Hotel.Yang
Ming
feels
that
his
rights
have
been
ignored.Yang
Ming
hates
being
called
an
alcoholic,
but
it
is
the
fact
that
people
have
classified(把……分类)
his
music
as
“noise”
that
upsets
him
most⑥.Otherwise
he
doesn't
really
mind
having
to
leave
his
apartment.“Living
in
a
hotel
means
a
maid
makes
my
bed
every
day
and
I
don't
have
to
do
my
own
laundry(洗衣房)！”
But
how
long
will
the
hotel
tolerate
him?
We
wonder.
杨明的离去使他的邻居们很高兴。他们说：“现在生活将会恢复正常了。”
为了知道杨明对此事的看法，我们在上海假日酒店杨明的套房的休息室见到了他。杨明觉得他的权利被忽视了。杨明讨厌被人叫做酒鬼，但是实际上最让他伤心的是人们把他的音乐归类为“噪音”。否则的话，他根本不介意要离开自己的公寓。“住在酒店里意味着有服务员每天为我整理床铺，我甚至不用自己洗衣服！”但是我们想知道酒店可以容忍他多久。
[助读讲解] ⑥本句是强调句，强调主语fact，fact后的that引导同位语从句。
Grandpa
jailed
after
one
shower
too
many
Eighty?year?old
retired
tailor(裁缝),
James
McKay,
spent
Saturday
night
in
jail
after
hitting
thirty?year?old
Keith
Smith
over
the
head
with
his
walking
stick.McKay's
wife,
Laurene
told
us
that
while
McKay
is
usually
a
peaceful
person,
he
had
been
driven
to
this
act
of
violence
by
getting
wet
just
once
too
often⑦.
在多次被浇之后老爷爷遭监禁
80岁的退休裁缝詹姆斯·麦凯，在用手杖打了30岁的基丝·史密斯的头部之后，在监狱里度过了星期六的夜晚。麦凯的妻子劳伦娜告诉我们，麦凯通常是一个很平和的人，他是因为多次被淋湿才被迫做出这样的暴力举动的。
[助读讲解] ⑦that至句末是told的宾语从句。从句本身又是一个主从复合句；while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
Smith
lives
above
the
McKays
and
it
appears
that
not
only
is
he
a
keen
gardener,
he
is
also
a
fish
collector⑧.Unfortunately
for
him,
the
water
he
sent
over
his
balcony
every
day
ended
up
on
the
McKay's,
or
too
often,
on
the
McKays
themselves.
史密斯住在麦凯一家的楼上，看起来他不仅热衷于园艺，还是个鱼类收藏家。不幸的是，他每天在阳台上浇的水最终都落在麦凯家，或者经常落在麦凯夫妇身上。
[助读讲解] ⑧not
only...but
also...结构中，not
only置于句首，句子用部分倒装。
“For
the
last
fortnight,
since
Smith
moved
into
the
flat
above
us,
we
have
hardly
dared
go
onto
our
balcony，”
said
Laurene.She
added
that
it
wasn't
so
much
the
water
falling
onto
their
balcony
from
Smith
watering
his
plants
that
bothered
them⑨，
it
was
more
the
way
he
cleaned
his
fish
tanks.“We'd
be
sitting
there
happily
reading
our
newspapers,
when⑩
suddenly
so
much
water
would
come
from
above
that
we'd
be
as
wet
as
if
we'd
showered
with
our
clothes
on!
Neither
could
we
get
rid
of
the
smell
of
fish！”
劳伦娜说：“自从史密斯搬进我们楼上的房间，在过去的两个星期里，我们几乎不敢去自己的阳台。”她又补充道，其实使得他们真正烦恼的不是史密斯浇花落在阳台上的水，而是史密斯清洁鱼缸的方式。“我们本来坐在那里开开心心地看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！而且鱼腥味很难除掉。”
[助读讲解] ⑨本句是复合句；add后that引导宾语从句，从句使用了强调句，强调主语so
much
the
water。⑩现在分词短语作sitting的伴随状语。be
doing...when...是固定句式，表示“正在做……突然……”。
And
on
Saturday
evening
it
was
just
too
much.“It
was
James'
birthday，”
explained
Laurene,
“and
I'd
made
him
a
birthday
cake.The
candles
were
a
great
sight
as
you
can
imagine,
but
James
didn't
get
to
blow
them
out.”
而星期六晚上的事情就太过分了。“那天是詹姆斯的生日，”劳伦娜解释说，“我为他做了一个生日蛋糕，你可以想象到那些蜡烛是多么壮观的一个景象，但是詹姆斯没有能够吹灭它们。”
Instead,
Smith
emptied
one
of
his
larger
tanks
over
his
balcony
and
both
the
McKays
and
the
cake
were
wet
through.Rarely
had
Laurene
seen
McKay
move
so
fast.“I
couldn't
stop
him.He
was
up
there
in
a
flash(瞬间)．It
was
the
fastest
I'd
seen
him
move
since
1964.”,相反，史密斯在他的阳台倒空了一大缸水，麦凯夫妇和蛋糕全都湿透了。劳伦娜几乎没有见过麦凯跑得那么快。“我阻止不了他。刹那间，他就在那儿了。那是自1964年以来我所看到他跑得最快的一次。”
Smith
is
not
going
to
take
things
further
with
the
police.He
has
also
promised
to
change
his
ways
from
now
on.And
what
of
James
McKay?？
As
he
left
the
police
station
a
large
crowd
of
supporters
sang
him,
“Happy
Birthday”．“Definitely
the
most
exciting
birthday
ever！”
said
the
cheerful
old
man.“The
best
since
my
adolescence
I'd
say！”
史密斯将不会向警方进一步追究这件事。他也承诺从现在起改变自己的方式。而詹姆斯·麦凯又怎样呢？当他离开警察局时，一大群支持者向他唱歌庆祝：“生日快乐。”愉快的老人说：“毫无疑问这是最令人兴奋的生日！我得说这是我自青少年时代以来度过的最好的生日！”
[助读讲解] ?What
of...？关于……怎么样？
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P20教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1 A．The
writers
went
to
have
an
interview
with
Yang
Ming.
2．Para.2
B．The
local
council
gave
Yang
Ming
a
warning.
3．Para.3 C．Yang
Ming's
neighbours
were
in
trouble
being
exposed
to
the
drum
noise.
4．Para.4 D．Yang
Ming
has
left
his
apartment
because
of
his
drumming.
5．Para.5
E.Yang
Ming's
departure
has
pleased
his
neighbours.
[答案] 1－4 DCBEA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P20教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true
about
Yang
Ming?
A．He
is
a
drummer
for
a
rock
band.
B．He
couldn't
fall
asleep
because
of
the
noise
made
by
his
neighbours.
C．He
is
an
alcoholic.
D．He
held
parties
every
night.
2．Why
did
a
neighbour
think
Yang
Ming
was
a
bad
influence
on
his
son?
A．Because
he
is
a
bachelor.
B．Because
he
held
parties
every
night.
C．Because
he
made
a
lot
of
noise
every
night.
D．Because
he
is
an
alcoholic.
3．How
did
Yang
Ming's
neighbours
feel
after
his
departure?
A．They
felt
very
sorry
for
their
selfishness.
B．They
felt
pleased.
C．They
felt
sleepy.
D．They
felt
unbearable.
4．What
do
we
know
about
Mr.McKay?
A．He
is
both
a
keen
gardener
and
a
fish
collector.
B．He
is
not
a
peaceful
man.
C．He
hit
Smith
because
the
latter
watered
his
flowers
on
the
balcony.
D．He
was
set
free
on
Sunday.
5．Why
didn't
Mr.McKay
get
to
blow
the
candles
out?
A．Because
he
is
too
old
and
has
no
teeth.
B．Because
there
were
too
many
candles.
C．Because
Smith
emptied
a
tank
and
made
the
cake
all
wet.
D．He
was
taken
away
by
the
police
before
he
blew
the
candles
out.
6．Mr.McKay
hit
Mr.Smith
over
the
head
because
．
A．Mr.McKay
was
a
man
of
violence
B．Mr.McKay
didn't
like
fish
C．Mr.Smith
was
impolite
D．the
McKays
were
often
wet
through
by
Mr.Smith
[答案] 1－6 BDBDCD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P20教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Drummer
hits
the
road
Yang
Ming，1.a
drummer
and
bachelor,
held
parties
every
night，2.which
has
caused
many
3.complaints(complain)
from
his
neighbours
about
loss
of
sleep.They
say
they
were
being
driven
mad
being
4.exposed(expose)
to
such
noise.5.Since
they
moved
into
the
building,
they
have
rarely
got
a
full
night's
sleep.They
even
couldn't
get
6.relaxed(relax)
or
read
without
7.plugging(plug)
their
ears.Moreover,
one
neighbour
thinks
Yang
is
an
alcoholic
and
had
a
bad
influence
8.on
his
son.Finally,
the
local
council
took
action.Yang
Ming
had
to
leave
his
9.furnished(furnish)
apartment.His
departure
has
made
his
neighbours'
life
return
10.to
normal.
PAGEUnit
23
Conflict
Section
Ⅱ Language
Points
(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．They
had
received
no
news
of
him
since
his
departure
(离开)
from
the
island.
2．Prejudice(偏见)
and
old
habits
are
forces
that
can't
be
ignored.
3．In
modern
war，civilians(平民)
,
as
well
as
soldiers，are
killed.
4．He
smiled
suddenly，exposing(露出)
his
white
teeth.
5．We
had
a
big
snow
here
a
fortnight(两周)
ago.
6．He
is
so
stubborn
that
he
never
compromises
with
anybody.
7．Under
no
circumstances
should
we
betray
our
motherland.
8．The
books
in
the
library
are
classified
by
subject.
9．The
department
he
rent
yesterday
is
well
furnished．
10．We
believe
the
court
can
find
justice
for
us.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．immigrate
vt.移入；使移居入境→immigration
n．移民入境
2．race
n．种族→racial
adj.种族之间的
3．furnish
vt.提供；装备→furnished
adj.配有家具的→furniture
n．家具
4．expose
vt.使置身危险中→exposure
n．暴露→exposed
adj.暴露的；无掩蔽的
5．depart
vi.离开，离去→departure
n．离开，离去
6．classify
vt.把……分类→classified
adj.分类的；机密的→classification
n．分类；类别；等级
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．hand
over
把……交给
2．out
of
control
失控
3．keep
sb.up
使某人熬夜
4．get
into
trouble
遇上麻烦
5．blow
out
吹灭，熄灭
6．turn
to
求助于；转向
7．bid
goodbye
to
向……告别
8．drive
sb.mad
使某人发疯
9．be
exposed
to
处于可能受伤害的境地
10．go
back
to
normal
恢复正常
11．get
rid
of
除掉，摆脱
12．in
a
flash
瞬间，即刻
Ⅳ.选词填空
用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．You'd
better
blow
out
that
candle
before
it
sets
fire
to
the
tablecloth.
2．The
bus
went
out
of
control
and
ran
into
a
line
of
people.
3．The
small
craft
was
exposed
to
the
danger
of
the
open
sea.
4．If
you
keep
the
rules,
you
are
not
likely
to
get
into
trouble．
5．I
can't
get
rid
of
this
ink
stain
on
my
coat.
v.＋?ure→n.
out
of
＋n.→复合短语
pressure
压力，压failure
失败exposure
暴露，揭露
out
of
breath
喘不过气来；上气不接下气；out
of
balance
失去平衡；out
of
date
过时的；废弃的；
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Had
they
known
their
neighbour
was
a
drummer,
they
wouldn't
have
moved
into
the
building.如果早知道他们的邻居是一位鼓手，他们就不会搬进这座大楼了。
省略if的虚拟条件句。
Had
he
come
here
yesterday，he
would
have
seen
Liu
Xiang.他如果昨天来这儿，就会看见刘翔了。
2.No
sooner
had
they
moved
in
than
the
noise
began
and
rarely
did
they
get
a
full
night's
sleep.他们刚一搬进去，噪音就开始了，他们几乎没有睡过一个好觉。
no
sooner...than...“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。
No
sooner
had
I
reached
home
than
it
began
to
rain.我一到家，就开始下雨了。
3.We'd
be
sitting
there
happily
reading
our
newspapers,
when
suddenly
so
much
water
would
come
from
above
that
we'd
be
as
wet
as
if
we'd
showered
with
our
clothes
on！我们本来坐在那里开开心心地看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！
be
doing...when...“正在做……这时(突然)……”，when为并列连词，引导并列分句。
I
was
wandering
through
the
street
when
I
caught
sight
of
my
old
friend.我正在街上徘徊，这时看见了我的一位老朋友。
betray
vt.出卖；背叛；泄露
(教材P134)He
is
betrayed
by
a
family
member.
他被一名家庭成员出卖了。
写出下列句中betray的含义
①A
leader
shouldn't
betray
the
people's
trust
in
him.辜负
②He
promised
never
to
betray
his
country.出卖
③Her
accent
betrays
her
a
Londoner.暴露
betray
sb./sth.
出卖/背叛某人/某物
betray
oneself
露出本来面目，原形毕露
betray...by...
因……而泄露
betray...to...
向……泄露……；向……出卖……
④That
man
is
likely
to
betray
his
friends
to
others.
那家伙可能会(向他人)出卖朋友。
⑤She
was
terrified
of
saying
something
that
would
make
her
betray
herself(her)．
她害怕说话时露了自己的底。
⑥He
betrayed
his
intention
by
his
behavior.
他的行为泄露了他的意图。
hand
over把……交给；移交(权力，责任)
(教材P134)Friction
between
the
family?run
business
and
the
military
government
first
became
serious
when
the
owner
wouldn't
hand
over
his
“secret
recipe”．
当拥有者不肯将他的“秘方”转交时，这个家族企业和军政府之间的摩擦首次变得严重了。
hand
back
交回；归还
hand
on
传递
hand
down
传给(后代)
hand
in
上交，提交
hand
out
分发，散发
①When
will
Professor
Smith
hand
back
our
examination
papers?
史密斯教授什么时候会把考卷发还我们？
②Please
hand
on
the
documents
to
others.
请把这份文件传递给他人。
turn
to求助于；转向；翻到(书的某页)
(教材P19)turn
to
the
court
for
justice
向法庭寻求正义
turn
away
不准进入，拒绝；打发走
turn
down
拧小；拒绝；调低
turn
in
上交，交还；获得
turn
out
生产；制造；证明是，结果是
turn
up
出现，到场
turn
over
翻转；移交
①All
this
may
turn
out
to
be
impossible.
这一切也许会被证明是不可能的。
②Ma
Yun
said
he
was
turned
down
by
Harvard
10
times
after
applying.
马云说他十次申请哈佛都被拒绝了。
③He
didn't
turn
up
until
half
an
hour
later.
半小时后他才出现。
compromise
n．妥协；让步
(教材P19)Government
minister
announces
compromise
on
new
TV
violence
laws.
政府部长宣布向新的电视暴力法让步。
(1)make/reach/come
to/arrive
at
compromise
达成妥协，做出让步
(2)compromise
vi.
妥协，折中，让步
compromise
with
sb.
向某人妥协
compromise
on
sth.
就某事妥协
①In
any
relationship，you
have
to
make
a
compromise.
在任何关系中，你都得做出让步。
②After
much
argument，the
judges
finally
compromised
on
(＝agreed
to
give
the
prize
to)the
18?year?old
pianist.
经过激烈争论，评委终于同意那个18岁的钢琴手获奖。
③They
were
unwilling
to
compromise
with
the
military，so
they
continued
to
fight.
他们不愿与军方妥协，所以他们继续作战。
out
of
control
失控
(教材P19)Army
arrests
“out
of
control”civilians.
军队逮捕“失控的”平民。
(1)lose
control
of
失去对……的控制
in
control
of
掌握/控制
take
control
of
控制，管理
under
control
处于控制之下
under/in
the
control
of
受……的管理/控制
(2)out
of
work
失业
out
of
date
过时
out
of
sight
看不见
out
of
balance
失去平衡
out
of
touch
失去联系
①The
dictionary
is
out
of
date:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
这本词典过时了：自从它出版以后许多新词被添加到这种语言中。
②The
family
may
lose
control
of
the
company.
这个家族可能失去对公司的控制权。
③There
has
been
some
violence
after
the
match，but
the
police
are
now
in
control
of
the
situation.
比赛后发生了一些暴力事件，但是现在警方已控制了局势。
expose
vt.显露；暴露；使置身于危险中
(教材P20)Yang
Ming's
neighbours
say
they
were
being
driven
mad
being
exposed
to
such
noise.
杨明的邻居们说处于这样的噪音中他们快要被逼疯了。
(1)expose
sb.to
sth.
使面临、使遭受(危险或不快)；
使接触、体验
(2)exposed
adj.
无遮蔽的；无保护的
be
exposed
to
处于可能受伤害的境地
(3)exposure
n.
暴露
①At
the
presidential
debate
on
Monday
night,
roughly
100m
Americans
will
be
exposed
to
Mr
Trump's
magical
thinking.
在当地时间周一晚的总统竞选辩论中，大约1亿美国人将见识到特朗普的神奇思维。
②This
problem
is
quite
sensitive
that
might
not
be
exposed(expose)
to
the
medium.
这是一个非常敏感的问题，恐怕不应该告诉媒体。
[图形助记]
图解expose含义
classify
vt.把……分类
(教材P20)Yang
Ming
hates
being
called
an
alcoholic，but
it
is
the
fact
that
people
have
classified
his
music
as
“noise”
that
upsets
him
most.
杨明讨厌被人叫做酒鬼，但是实际上最让他伤心的是人们把他的音乐归类为“噪音”。
(1)classify...into...
把……分为……
classify...as...
把……界定为……
classify...by...
按照……分类
(2)classified
adj.
分类(级)的
(3)classification
n.
分类，分级
①Patients
are
classified
into
three
categories.
病人被归为三种类型。
②In
law，beer
is
classified
as
a
food
product.
在法律上，啤酒归在食品一类。
③Classified(classify)
by
size
and
color，the
apples
are
put
into
boxes
and
shipped
abroad.
那些苹果按大小、颜色分类之后，装箱、船运海外。
(教材P20)Had
they
known
their
neighbour
was
a
drummer，they
wouldn't
have
moved
into
the
building.要是早知道他们的邻居是一名鼓手，他们就不会搬进这座大楼。
【要点提炼】 本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，其正常语序为：If
they
had
known
their
neighbour
was
a
drummer，they...building.在虚拟条件句中，若从句谓语部分含有were，had，should可将if省略，把were，had，should移到主语之前，形成部分倒装结构。
虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法：
从句谓语
主句谓语
与过去事实相反的假设
had＋过去分词
would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词
与现在事实相反的假设
动词的过去式(be
动词用were)
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
与将来事实相反的假设
were
to
do/should
do/动词的过去式
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
①If
he
should
not
come
tomorrow，we
should
put
off
the
meeting
till
next
Monday.
如果他明天不来，我们就把会议推迟到下周一。
②If
I
were(be)
you，I
would
seize
the
chance
to
go
abroad.
如果我是你，我就抓住这次出国的机会。
③If
you
had
taken(take)
my
advice，you
would
not
have
failed
in
the
exams.
如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。
(教材P20)No
sooner
had
they
moved
in
than
the
noise
began
and
rarely
did
they
get
a
full
night's
sleep.
他们刚一搬进去，噪音就开始了，而且他们几乎没有睡过一个安稳觉。
【要点提炼】 本句是and连接的并列句。前一个分句采用了倒装语序，相当于they
had
no
sooner
moved
in
than
the
noise
began；后一个分句与前一个分句相似，因否定副词rarely置于句首而采用了部分倒装语序，可转化为they
rarely
got
a
full
night's
sleep。其中no
sooner...than...为“一……就……”的意思。
英语中，表示“一……就……”表达法很多，常用的有：
(1)hardly/scarcely...when...
(2)immediately/directly＋从句
(3)the
moment/the
instant/the
minute＋从句
(4)each
time/the
first
time/by
the
time＋从句
(5)upon/on
(doing)
sth.
①He
had
hardly
entered
the
classroom
when
the
teacher
began
his
lecture.
他刚走进教室，老师就开始讲课了。
②He
made
for
the
door
directly(direct)
he
heard
the
knock.
一听到敲门声他就去开门了。
③On
hearing(hear)
the
noise，he
went
out
to
see
what
was
the
matter.他一听见响声就出门看发生了什么事。
(教材P20)We'd
be
sitting
there
happily
reading
our
newspapers，when
suddenly
so
much
water
would
come
from
above
that
we'd
be
as
wet
as
if
we'd
showered
with
our
clothes
on!
我们本来坐在那里开开心心地看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！
【要点提炼】 when在此句中用作并列连词，意为“这时”，相当于
and
at
that
time。
(1)sb.was
doing
sth.when...
某人正在做某事，这时……
(2)sb.was
about
to
do
sth.when...
某人正要做某事，这时……
(3)sb.was
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.when...
某人正要做某事，这时……
(4)sb.had
just
done
sth.when...
某人刚做完某事，这时……
①He
was
smiling
when
(suddenly)
the
door
opened.
他正在笑，这时门(突然)开了。
②I
was
about
to
go
out
when
Tom
came
in.
我正要出去，这时汤姆进来了。
③I
was
on
the
point
of
sleeping(sleep)
when
the
phone
rang.
我正要睡，这时电话响了。
(教材P9)Smith
lives
above
the
McKays
and
it
appears
that
not
only
is
he
a
keen
gardener，he
is
also
a
fish
collector.
【分析】 这是一个由and连接的并列句。第二个并列分句又是一个主从复合句，在that引导的主语从句中包含一个not
only...(but)
also...连接的并列句，且not
only置于句首，其后的句子用部分倒装语序。
【翻译】 史密斯住在麦凯一家人的楼上，看起来他不仅热衷于园艺，还是个鱼类收藏家。
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
①Seldom
has
drumming
caused
such
conflict.②Had
they
known
their
neighbour
was
a
drummer,
they
wouldn't
have
moved
into
the
building.③Neither
could
they
relax
nor
read
a
book
without
plugging
their
ears.④It
was
only
after
careful
consideration
that
we
gave
Yang
Ming
a
warning.⑤No
sooner
had
they
moved
in
than
the
noise
began
and
rarely
did
they
get
a
full
night's
sleep.
后自主感悟
1.句①③⑤是否定词置于句首，引起的部分倒装。2.句②是省略“if”将“had”提前，还原②句为：If
they
had
known...3.句④是it用于强调结构中。
一、倒装
倒装是将语句中的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等颠倒顺序的一种语法现象，常常具有强调语气，在英语中比较常见，也是高考中常考的一种语法。根据倒装的结构可以分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
(一)完全倒装
1．there
be句型属于完全倒装结构，该句型中be可换为appear，lie，live，stand，remain，exist等表示存在意义的动词。
There
is
a
bench
under
the
big
tree.
那棵大树下有一个长凳。
It
is
said
that
there
lived
a
god
called
Lv
Dongbin
in
ancient
times.
据说古代有一位神仙叫吕洞宾。
2．here，there等方位副词及now，then等时间副词位于句首，句子的谓语动词为come，go，leave，run等表示动作趋向或状态(be)的动词，且句子的主语是名词时，句子完全倒装。
Here
is
the
book
you
want.
你要的书在这儿。
Now
comes
your
turn.
现在该你了。
3．in，out，away，up，down，off等表示趋向的副词位于句首，且句子的谓语动词为go，fly，rush，run等表示动作的动词，且句子主语是名词时，句子完全倒装。
Away
flew
the
bird.
鸟飞走了。
Down
went
the
boat.
船沉了。
4．表语置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。其结构为“表语＋系动词＋主语”。
Present
at
the
meeting
were
experts
on
AIDS.
出席会议的是艾滋病方面的专家。
Among
the
goods
are
Christmas
trees,
flowers,
candles
and
toys.
这些东西里有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。
5．分词短语置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。
Seated
in
the
front
are
the
guests.
坐在前面的是客人。
Lying
on
the
floor
is
a
boy
named
Tom.
躺在地上的是一个叫汤姆的男孩。
[名师点津]
完全倒装的句子中，谓语通常是不及物动词或be动词，时态为一般现在时和一般过去时，且主语为名词，不能为代词。
[即时训练1] 单句改错
①Beyond
the
river
live
an
old
fisherman.live→lives
②Such
is
the
facts,
no
one
can
deny
them.is→are
(二)部分倒装
1．never，seldom，by
no
means，not
until，rarely，hardly，at
no
time，scarcely，little，in
no
way等表示否定或半否定的词置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
Nowhere
will
you
find
the
answer
to
this
question.
无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
Not
until
the
child
fell
asleep
did
the
mother
leave
the
room.
母亲直到孩子睡着才离开房间。
2．only＋状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)在句首构成部分倒装。
Only
in
this
way
can
you
learn
English
well.
只有这样，你才能学好英语。
Only
after
being
asked
three
times
did
he
come
to
the
meeting.
叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
[名师点津]
(1)如果only后面不是状语，则不用倒装。
(2)如果only后面是状语从句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only
Tom
can
come
up
with
a
good
idea
to
persuade
her
to
change
her
mind.
只有汤姆才能想出好办法来说服她改变主意。
Only
when
he
is
seriously
ill
does
he
ever
stay
in
bed.
病得很重时，他才卧床休息。
3．so/such...that...结构中的so或such位于句首时，主句用部分倒装强调so/such和that之间的部分。
So
hot
was
the
weather
that
we
couldn't
go
to
sleep.
天这么热，我们都无法入睡。
4．so，nor，neither置于句首，表示前面提到的情况也适用于后者，后面的句子用部分倒装结构。
Mary
has
learned
by
heart
200
words,
and
so
have
I.
玛丽已经记住了200个单词，我也一样。
I
never
play
PC
games；nor/neither
do
they.
我从不玩电脑游戏，他们也不。
[名师点津]
(1)若两个动词的形式不一样，即表示两种不同情况时，则用so
it
is
with...或it
is
the
same
with...。
—Jane
is
a
good
student
and
works
hard.
—So
it
is
with
Tom./It
is
the
same
with
Tom.
——简是个好学生并且学习刻苦。
——汤姆也是。
(2)当so表示“确实，正是”，是对前句内容的肯定和附和时，用正常语序。
—The
students
work
very
hard.
—So
they
do.
——学生们学习很努力。
——他们确实是这样。
5．在not
only...but
(also),
no
sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when中，not
only,
no
sooner,
hardly，scarcely置于句首时，其后的句子要倒装，但but(also)，than，when后的句子不倒装。
Hardly
had
he
arrived
when
it
began
to
snow.
他刚到，天就下起雪来。
Not
only
did
he
refuse
the
gift,
but
he
also
severely
criticized
the
sender.
他不但拒绝接受礼物，而且还严厉地批评了送礼者。
6．as引导让步状语从句时，从句须倒装；though引导让步状语从句时，从句可倒装。
Tired
as/though
he
was,
he
sat
up
late.
尽管他很疲倦，但他很晚才睡。
7．在省略了引导词if的虚拟条件句中，当从句谓语为were，had，should时要将它们置于句首，从句用部分倒装结构。
Were
I
in
your
position,
I
would
not
go.
我要是碰到你那样的情况，我是不会去的。
[名师点津]
部分倒装巧记口诀
only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；
否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；
表示前置主语长，平衡结构常倒装；
so和such置句首，此时主句要倒装；
not
only开头句，前一分句须倒装；
had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。
[即时训练2] 把下列句子转换为倒装句
①He
spoke
so
loudly
that
even
people
in
the
next
room
could
hear
him.
→So
loudly
did
he
speak
that
even
people
in
the
next
room
could
hear
him.
②Although
he
is
busy,
he
won't
miss
the
football
game.
→Busy
as
he
is,
he
won't
miss
the
football
game.
③If
it
should
rain,
the
crops
would
grow
better.
→Should
it
rain,
the
crops
would
grow
better.
④I
have
never
heard
such
a
thing
in
my
life.
→Never
in
my
life
have
I
heard
such
a
thing.
二、强调句型(分裂句“It”)
(一)强调句型的基本结构
I
met
Li
Ming
at
the
railway
station
yesterday.
我昨天在火车站遇见了李明。
→强调主语：It
was
I
that/who
met
Li
Ming
at
the
railway
station
yesterday.
→强调宾语：It
was
Li
Ming
that
I
met
at
the
railway
station
yesterday.
→强调地点状语：It
was
at
the
railway
station
that
I
met
Li
Ming
yesterday.
→强调时间状语：It
was
yesterday
that
I
met
Li
Ming
at
the
railway
station.
(二)强调句型的特殊结构
1．一般疑问式：Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？
Was
it
in
Zhejiang
that
Li
Hua
was
born?
李华是在浙江出生的吗？
2．特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋is/was
it
that＋其他？
When
is
it
that
they
will
leave
for
Beijing?
他们什么时候动身去北京？
3．not
until...强调句式：It
is/was
not
until...that＋其他
It
was
not
until
midnight
that
they
reached
the
camp
site.直到午夜他们才到达宿营地。
[名师点津]
(1)“删减法”判断强调句。把“It
is/was”和“that”删去后，可重新排列一下句子，如果句子结构完整，句意通顺，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句。
It
is
Tom
that
often
helps
me
with
my
English.(强调句)
It
is
strange
that
he
did
not
come
at
all.(it作形式主语的主语从句)
(2)It
is/was...that...结构不能强调谓语，如需强调谓语，需用助动词do，does或did。
He
did
write
to
you
last
week.
上周他的确给你写信了。
[即时训练3] 单句改错
①You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.
It
is
at
the
hotel
where
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.where→that
②It
was
when
we
were
returning
home
where
I
realized
what
a
good
feeling
it
was
to
have
helped
someone
in
trouble.where→that
③Bach
died
in
1750,
but
it
was
not
until
the
early
19th
century
when
his
musical
gift
was
fully
recognized.when→that
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．John's
success
has
nothing
to
do
with
good
luck.It
is
years
of
hard
work
that
has
made
him
what
he
is
today.
2．Only
when
Lily
walked
into
the
office
did
she
realize
that
she
had
left
the
contract
at
home.
3．It
was
not
until
I
saw
Mary
the
next
morning，however，that
I
felt
happy.
4．There
are(be)
thousands
of
people
on
the
square.
5．Were(be)
I
you,
I
would
try
it
again.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Hard
although
he
tried,
he
didn't
pass
the
exam.although→as或though
2．Have
I
prepared
well,
I
couldn't
have
lost
the
job.Have→Had
3．It
was
in
the
park
where
an
accident
happened
to
the
old
man.where→that
4．It
was
because
the
bus
broke
down
on
the
way
we
missed
the
train.we前面加that
5．So
fast
did
light
travel
that
it
is
difficult
for
us
to
imagine
its
speed.did→does
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.
While
he
is
in
poor
health，he
works
hard.
2．She
was
saying
something
that
would
betray
herself(her)．
3．We
were
about
to
leave
when
the
telephone
rang.
4．It
was
what
he
meant
rather
than
what
he
said
that
annoyed
me.
5．He
had
just
got(get)
home
when
it
began
to
rain.
6．They
made
a
compromise
with
each
other
finally
even
though
they
quarreled
fiercely.
7．The
more
one
is
exposed(expose)
to
the
English?speaking
environment,
the
better
he
or
she
will
learn
the
language.
8．Should
it
rain
tomorrow，we
would
have
to
cancel
the
football
match.
9．He
was
here
just
now
but
he
disappeared
in/like
a
flash.
10．If
I
had
not
studied
hard，I
might
have
failed(fail)
in
the
exam.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Exposing
to
the
sunlight
too
long,
one's
skin
will
be
harmed.
Exposing→Exposed
2．Has
he
learnt
about
computers,
we
would
have
hired
him
to
work
here.
Has→Had
3．It
was
not
until
11
o'clock
when
we
went
to
bed.when→that
4．It
is
the
little
boy
that
are
enjoying
the
ice
cream
over
there.are→is
5．I
had
to
compromise
against
my
husband
on
this
matter.against→with
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Were
you
in
my
position,
you
would
do
the
same.
假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样做的。
2．Hardly
had
the
game
begun
when
it
started
raining.
比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。
3．I
had
just
walked
out
of
the
kitchen
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.
我刚从厨房出来，突然有人敲门。
4．The
more
birds
are
exposed
to
light，the
more
active
they
are
at
night.
鸟暴露在光线下时间越长，在夜间越活跃。
5．Quite
a
lot
of
people
will
betray
themselves
when
tempted
by
money.
相当多的人受到金钱的诱惑将会原形毕露。
PAGEUnit
23
Conflict
Section
Ⅲ Reading(Ⅱ)(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.subscribe
A．n.相识的人
( )2.union
B．vi.发誓
( )3.commercial
C．vt.敬礼
( )4.allowance
D．n.少数，一些
( )5.contradict
E．vi.订阅(杂志或报纸)
( )6.ending
F．n.结局，结尾
( )7.salute
G．n.(电视)广告
( )8.swear
H．n.联合会，工会
( )9.acquaintance
I．n.零用钱；津贴
( )10.handful
J．vt.反驳；纠正
[答案] 1－5 EHGIJ 6－10 FCBAD
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.I
will
not
be
hesitant
to
stand
up
for
my
convictions.
( )2.Mother
has
a
gift
for
making
people
feel
at
home.
( )3.Can
you
tell
me
how
the
accident
came
about?
( )4.He
held
out
against
the
wind
for
three
hours.
( )5.She
looks
down
on
the
office
girls
she
has
to
work
with.
( )6.Once
her
mother
was
ill
and
she
sent
for
a
doctor.
[答案] 1－6 DFEBAC
A Do
Chuc
is
a
forty?eight?year?old
Vietnamese
farmer
whose
two
daughters
and
an
aunt
were
killed
by
American
soldiers
in
My
Lai
that
day①.He
and
his
family
were
eating
breakfast
when
the
American
soldiers
entered
the
village
and
ordered
them
from
their
homes.Together
with
other
villagers
they
were
marched
a
few
hundred
metres
into
the
village
square
where
they
were
told
to
sit.“Still
we
had
no
reason
to
be
afraid，”
Chuc
remembers.“Everyone
was
calm.We'd
seen
it
all
before.”
Then,
in
surprise
he
watched
as
the
soldiers
set
up
a
machine
gun.The
calm
ended.The
people
began
weeping
and
begging.One
man
showed
his
identification
papers
to
a
soldier,
but
the
American
simply
said,
“Sorry.”
Then
the
shooting
started.Chuc
was
wounded
in
the
leg②
and
almost
unconscious(失去知觉的),
but
he
was
covered
by
a
pile
of
dead
bodies
and
thus
saved.After
waiting
an
hour,
he
fled
the
village.
(Adapted
from
My
Lai
by
Seymour
Hersh)
A 杜沙是一个48岁的越南农民，他的两个女儿和一个姑姑在“美莱大屠杀”那天被美国兵杀害了。他和家里人正在吃早饭，美国兵命令他们离开家。他们和其他村民一起被驱赶了几百米，走进了村里的广场，在那里他们被命令坐下。“我们仍然觉得没什么可怕的。”杜沙回忆道，“每个人都很平静。我们以前都经历过这样的事。”接着，他们吃惊地看到美国兵架起来一挺机关枪。人们无法再平静了，开始哭泣、乞求。一个男人给一个美国兵看他的身份证，但是这个美国人只是说了句“对不起”。接下来，扫射开始了。杜沙腿部受伤，几乎失去了知觉，但是他被一堆尸体给盖住了，捡了一条命。等了一个小时后，他逃离了这个村。
(摘选自西摩·赫什的《美莱大屠杀》)
[助读讲解] ①whose
two
daughters
and
an
aunt是whose引导的定语从句，修饰farmer。②wound
sb.in
the
leg伤某人的腿。
B We
were
on
the
frontier(边镜)
and
on
Christmas
morning
we
stuck
up
a
board
with
“A
Merry
Christmas”
on
it.The
enemy
had
stuck
up
a
similar
one.Two
of
our
men
then
threw
their
equipment
off
and
climbed
out
of
the
trench(沟，壕)
with
their
hands
above
their
heads
as
our
representatives.Two
of
the
Germans
did
the
same.They
greeted
each
other
and
shook
hands.Then
we
all
got
out
of
the
trench.Bill
(our
officer)
tried
to
prevent
it
but
it
was
too
late
so
he
and
the
other
officers
climbed
out
too.We
and
the
Germans
walked
through
the
mud
and
met
in
the
middle
of
no?man's?land.
B 我们当时在前线，圣诞节那天早晨，我们竖起来一块牌子，上面写着“圣诞节快乐”。敌方也竖起了一块类似的牌子。我们的两个人作为代表，扔掉装备，从战壕中爬出来。两个德国人也这样做了。他们相互问候、握手。然后所有人都走出了战壕。比尔(我们的军官)想阻止，但是已经太晚了，于是他和其他的军官也爬出了战壕。我们和德国人一起走过了泥地，在不属于任何一方的中间地带会面。
We
spent
all
day
with
one
another.Some
of
them
could
speak
English.By
the
look
of
them,
their
trenches
were
in
as
bad
a
state
as③
our
own.One
of
their
men,
speaking
in
English,
remarked(说起)
that
he
had
worked
in
England
for
some
years
and
that
he
was
fed
up
to
the
neck
with
this
war
and
would
be
glad
when
it
was
over④.We
told
him
he
wasn't
the
only
one
who
was
fed
up
with
it.The
German
officer
asked
Bill
if
we
would
like
a
couple
of
barrels
of
beer
and
they
brought
them
over
to
us.Bill
distributed(分发)
the
beer
among
us
and
we
consumed(喝)
the
lot.The
officers
came
to
an
understanding
that⑤
we
would
celebrate
Christmas
in
peace
until
midnight.
我们一起待了一整天。他们有些人会说英语，从他们的样子看来，他们的战壕和我们的一样糟糕。他们之中有一个人会说英语，他说他在英格兰工作过好几年，他对这场讨厌的战争烦透了，如果战争结束他会感到高兴的。我们告诉他不止是他一个人烦透了这场战争。德军军官问比尔想不想来几桶啤酒，然后他们就搬来了几桶。比尔将啤酒分给大家，我们全都喝光了。军官们一致认为我们将和平地庆祝圣诞节直到午夜时分。
[助读讲解] ③as
bad
a
state
as...像……一样糟糕的状态。④本句是含有两个宾语从句的复合句；speaking
in
English是现在分词短语作后置定语。⑤came
to
an
understanding
that...“就某事达成协议”；that...部分是understanding的具体内容，是understanding的同位语。
Just
before
the
midnight
we
all
decided
not
to
start
firing
before
they
did.We'd
formed
a
bond
and
during
the
whole
of
Boxing
Day
we
never
fired
a
shot
and
they
the
same;
each
side
seemed
to
be
waiting
for
the
other
to
set
the
ball
rolling.One
of
their
men
shouted
across
in
English
and
asked
how
we
had
enjoyed
the
beer.We
replied
that
we
were
very
grateful
and
spent
the
whole
day
chatting
with
them.That
evening
we
were
replaced
by
other
soldiers.
(Adapted
from
Old
Soldiers
Never
Die
by
Frank
Richards)
就在午夜之前，我们都决定不在他们开枪之前开火。我们达成了盟约，整个节礼日我们一枪也没打，他们也没有打，每一方似乎都在等着另一方采取行动。他们有个人用英语喊过来，问我们啤酒的味道怎么样。我们回应说很感激他们，然后一整天都在和他们聊天。到了傍晚另外一些士兵代替了我们的位置。
(摘选自弗兰克·理查兹的《老兵永生》)
C I
got
a
phone
call
from
the
chief
nurse,
saying,
“You've
got
a
patient
there
that
is
going
to
get
an
award.Make
sure
that
the
ward
looks
good.”This
really
turned
me
off
to
begin
with:
“Let's
clean
up
the
ward
because
we've
got
VIPs
coming
in.”Well,
the
VIPs
happened
to
be
a
general
and
a
group
of
about
twelve
people.This
patient
still
had
fresh
scars
from
his
first
visit
to
us
and
this
time
he'd
had
both
his
legs
blown
off⑥—he
was
all
of
about
twenty
years
old.When
he
was
waking
up
after
the
surgeon(外科医生)
had
finished
putting
bandages(绷带)
on
what
was
left
of
his
legs,
he
whispered:
“Don't
you
remember
me,
ma'am？”
I
said,
“Oh
yeah！”
But
really
I
didn't
because
there
were
so
many
of
them.The
general
was
coming
to
give
him
the
award
because
he
happened
to
be
number
twenty
thousand
to
come
through
this
hospital.They
had
this
little
ceremony,
saluted
him,
and
then
gave
him
a
Purple
Heart
and
a
watch.As
the
general
handed
him
the
watch,
“from
the
army,
to
show
our
appreciation，”
the
kid
more
or
less
threw
the
watch
back
at
him.He
said
something
like,
“I
can't
accept
this,
sir;
it's
not
going
to
help
me
walk.”
After
this
little
incident,
I
went
over
and
took
him
in
my
arms⑦.If
I
remember
correctly,
I
started
sobbing(抽泣)
and
I
think
he
was
crying
too.I
really
admired
him
for
that.I
swear
that
it
was
the
only
time
I
let
somebody
see
what
I
felt.It
took
a
lot
for
him
to
do
that,
and
it
sort
of⑧
said
what
this
war
was
all
about
to
me.
(Adapted
from
A
Piece
of
My
Heart
by
Keith
Walker)
C 我接到护士长的电话，她说，“你那儿有个病人要得奖了，一定把病房弄整洁些。”这话一开始让我很反感，“是大人物要来才收拾病房吧。”噢，这些大人物碰巧是位将军和大约12个人的陪同团。这个病人还带着第一次在我们这里住院时留下的新伤疤，而这次他的双腿被炸掉了——他也就20岁左右。在医生用绷带包扎好他剩余的残肢后，他醒了过来，低声说：“你还记得我吗？大姐”我答道：“哦，我记得！”但实际上我记不起来他是谁，因为病人实在太多了。将军来给他颁奖是因为他正好是进入这家医院的第两万个伤员。他们举行了一个小颁奖仪式，向他敬礼，然后授予他一枚紫心勋章和一块表。当将军将那块“来自军部，象征我们的感谢”的表递给他时，这个孩子几乎是将表一把扔回给他。他说了几句话，大意是：“我不要这块表，长官；它不能帮我走路。”在这个小插曲之后，我走过去伸出手臂拥抱了他。如果我没记错的话，当时我哭了，我想他也哭了。我确实佩服他当时那么做。我发誓那是唯一一次我让别人看见我的真实感受。他那么做很需要勇气，也多少表达了我对这场战争的看法。
(摘选自凯斯·沃克的《心之彼方》)
[助读讲解] ⑥had
both
his
legs
blown
off是“have
sth.done”结构。⑦take
sb.in
one's
arms拥抱某人。⑧sort
of有几分，有一点。
D ME
AND
AN
ACQUAINTANCE
WERE
WALKING
behind
an
English
pub
once,
going
back
to
our
base,
and
we
saw
one
of
our
planes
come
over
heading
westwards
for
an
American
base
just
across
the
valley.One
of
its
engines
was
on
fire
and
we
saw
it
hit
the
ground.We
didn't
know
if
it
still
had
its
bombs
aboard
or
if
it
was
coming
back
from
Germany,
so
we
didn't
dare
go
near
it.I
tried
to
phone
the
American
base,
but
I
couldn't
get
through⑨.The
line
just
didn't
work.A
handful
of
fire
fighters
came,
but
nobody
dared
to
go
near
the
plane
because
it
was
on
fire⑩
and
we
couldn't
find
out
if
it
still
had
its
bombs
and
tanks(油箱)
full
of
petrol.We
were
scared
the
whole
thing
would
go
up
like
fireworks
and
take
us
with
it.The
crew
couldn't
get
out
and
we
could
hear
the
men
screaming
and
shouting
and
there
was
nothing
we
could
do
because
of
the
bombs.They
died,
five
of
them.Then
we
found
out
later
they
had
just
been
out
for
a
training
session.
(Adapted
from
Six
War
Years
by
Barry
Broadfoot)
D 有一次我和一个同伴经过一个英国酒馆后面，准备走回我们的营地，我们看到一架自己的飞机正在越过山谷向西朝着一个美军基地飞去。飞机的一个引擎着火了，我们看着他栽倒地上。我们不知道飞机上还有没有炸弹，或是不是从德军那边过来的，所以不敢靠近。我给美国营地打电话，但是打不通。这条电话坏了。几个消防队员赶到了，但是由于飞机还在着火，我们又无法确定上面是否仍有炸弹，是否还装满了汽油，所以没有人敢靠近它。我们害怕整个飞机会像烟花一样爆炸，将我们卷进去。机组人员不能出来，我们能听见那些人在尖叫、呼喊，但由于担心炸弹我们束手无策。他们死了，五个人都死了。后来我们发现他们只是在执行一次训练任务。
(摘自巴里·布芬德夫特)
《战事六年》
[助读讲解] ⑨get
through接通电话。⑩be
on
fire着火(表状态)。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P24－25教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．A
Brave
Patient
2．Para.2
B．Feeling
Helpless
3．Para.3
C．No
More
Fighting
4．Para.4
D．Village
Nightmare
[答案] 1－4 DCAB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P24－25教材课文，选择最佳答案
1.
The
Vietnamese
villagers
were
calm
at
first
because
．
A．they
knew
the
American
soldiers
B．this
was
a
normal
procedure
C．they
had
identification
papers
D．they
didn't
understand
English
2.
The
troops
got
together
on
Christmas
Day
because
．
A．they
had
planned
it
in
advance
B．they
got
along
with
each
other
C．they
were
tired
of
the
war
D．the
officers
declared
peace
3．The
nurse
wasn't
enthusiastic
about
the
award
ceremony
from
the
start
because
．
A.
she
had
to
clean
up
the
ward
B．she
didn't
like
the
boss's
attitude
to
the
VIPs
C．the
patient
had
been
badly
wounded
D．the
patient
started
to
cry
4．The
soldiers
did
not
go
near
the
plane
because
.
A．there
was
danger
of
an
explosion
B．it
had
full
tanks
C．it
had
bombs
on
board
D．they
had
no
permission
5．Which
of
the
following
about
Part
C
is
RIGHT?
A.
When
hearing
one
of
my
patients
got
an
award,
I
was
very
glad.
B．When
the
wounded
received
the
award,
he
was
more
than
a
little
happy.
C．I
often
cried
before
my
patients.
D．As
a
nurse,
I
rarely
showed
my
real
emotion
to
the
patients.
[答案] 1－5 BCBAD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P24－25教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
first
one
tells
a
story
of
Do
Chuc,
a
Vietnamese
farmer
1.whose
two
daughters
and
an
aunt
were
killed
by
American
soldiers.
He
was
wounded
in
2.the
leg,
but
he
3.
was
covered(cover)
by
dead
bodies
and
thus
saved.
The
second
story
took
place
4.on
Christmas
morning.
After
a
long
time
of
battle,
the
soldiers
were
5.fed(feed)
up
to
the
neck
with
the
war.
So
the
officers
came
to
an
6.understanding(understand)
that
they
would
celebrate
Christmas
in
7.peace(peaceful)
until
midnight.
The
third
story
8.happened(happen)
in
a
hospital
about
a
brave
young
soldier
who
didn't
accept
the
watch
as
an
award.
The
last
one
is
about
the
crew
who
were9.
on
a
training
session,
when
their
plane
hit
the
ground
and
was
on
fire,
no
one
dared
to
go
near
the
plane,
not
10.knowing(know)
if
the
plane
still
had
bombs
aboard.
At
last,
they
all
died.
PAGEUnit
23
Conflict
Section
Ⅳ Language
Points(Ⅱ)(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．I'm
afraid
I
have
only
a
passing
acquaintance
with
his
works.
2．She
was
appointed
a
US
delegate
to
the
United
Nations.
3．She
has
subscribed
for
a
new
Chinese?English
dictionary.
4．He
was
also
charged
with
illegal
possession
of
firearms.
5．You
must
not
consume(消耗)
canned
foods
and
carbonated
drinks.
6．The
representatives(代表)
of
the
two
countries
negotiated
the
boundary
question
for
several
weeks.
7．They
seized
the
land
and
distributed
it
among
the
peasants.
8．They
have
had
effective
control
of
the
area
since
the
security(安全)
forces
left.
9．He
greeted(问候)
us
both
with
warmth
and
affection.
10．We
both
spotted
what
was
happening,
and
remarked(谈论)
on
it
to
one
another.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．appoint
vt.任命，委任→appointment
n．任命；约会
2．possess
vt.占有，拥有→possession
n．私有物品
3．secure
vt.使安全
adj.安全的→security
n．安全
4．represent
vt.代表，象征→representative
n．代表→representation
n．代表
5．greet
vt.问候，致意→greeting
n．问候，致意→greetings
(pl.)问候的话；贺词
6．remark
vt.说起；谈到
n．言论→remarkable
adj.值得注意的；非凡的
7．distribute
vt.分发；分配→distribution
n．分发，分配
8．consume
vt.喝，消耗，消费→consumption
n．消费，消耗→consumer
n．消费者
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．stand
up
for
保护，维护
2．talk
sth.over
with
sb.
与……详细讨论……
3．put
forward
提议，提出
4．from
then
on
从那时起，以后
5．give
in
让步，屈服
6．send
for
派人去叫……
7．call
in
请(某人)
8．have
a
gift
for
有……的天赋
9．keep
off
减去
10．hold
out
(在困境中)坚持
11．by
and
by
不久以后
12．call
on
要求……介入
13．look
down
on/upon
看不起
14．keep
one's
word
遵守诺言
15．come
about
发生
16．in
surprise
吃惊地，惊奇地
17．in
peace
和平地
18．take
sb.in
one's
arm
拥抱某人
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Can
you
explain
how
it
came
about
that
you
were
an
hour
late?
2．I
dream
of
an
Africa
which
is
in
peace
with
itself.
3．From
then
on,
Marie
and
Pierre
worked
together
on
their
research.
4．Completely
surrounded
by
our
troops,
the
enemy
finally
gave
in．
5．Have
you
sent
for
the
doctor?
v.＋?ing→n.
v.＋about→复合短语
feeling
感觉teaching
教导sleeping
睡眠
bring
about
带来，造成care
about在乎，介意；关注complain
about
抱怨；投诉
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.The
first
time
she
asks
her
brother
to
change
channels
she
is
patient.第一次要求她弟弟换频道时，她很有耐心。
the
first
time在此引导时间状语从句。
The
first
time
I
saw
the
girl
I
was
struck
by
her
beauty.我第一次见到这个女孩时，就被她的美丽打动了。
2.You're
always
telling
people
about
your
exciting
sculpture
classes.你总是给人讲你那令人兴奋的雕塑课。
always与现在进行时连用，多有赞赏、不赞成或厌恶等感彩，此处表示“不耐烦”。
The
teacher
is
always
helping
us
whenever
we
are
in
trouble.当我们遇到困难时，老师总是帮助我们。
3.This
patient
still
had
fresh
scars
from
his
first
visit
to
us
and
this
time
he'd
had
both
his
legs
blown
off...这个病人还带着第一次在我们这里住院时留下的新伤疤，而这次他的双腿被炸掉了……
have...done表示“遭遇某事；让别人做某事；使某件事被做”。
I
had
one
of
my
feet
injured
when
playing
football.踢足球时，我的一只脚受伤了。
stand
up
for保卫；支持；维护，保护
(教材P22)Do
you
stand
up
for
yourself?
你为自己辩护吗？
stand
by
袖手旁观，无动于衷
stand
for
支持；代表；意指；象征；容忍
stand
against
反对
stand
out
显眼；出色；突出
stand
up
起立；经得起
stand
up
to
sb.
抵抗某人；勇敢反对某人
①The
American
flag
stands
for
freedom
and
justice.
美国国旗代表自由与公平。
②Her
talents
stand
out
in
comparison
with
the
others.
和其他人比起来，她的才能很突出。
③We
are
not
prepared
to
stand
by
and
let
them
close
our
school.
我们无意袖手旁观，听任他们关闭我们的学校。
put
forward
提议，提出；建议；将……提前；把(钟、表)拨快；使(某人)受到公众的注意，突出(某人)，推举
(教材P22)Do
you
talk
it
over
with
them
and
put
forward
a
solution?
你跟他们谈论过这件事并提出一个解决方案了吗？
写出下列句中put
forward的含义
①He
has
been
put
forward
as
the
best
man
for
the
job.推举
②My
watch
was
slow，so
I
put
it
forward.把钟表拨快
③He
was
a
little
annoyed
because
the
proposal
he
put
forward
was
turned
down
again.提出
④The
warm
weather
has
put
the
harvest
forward.将……提前
put
aside
把……搁在一边，暂不考虑，储蓄
put
away
把……收拾起来；储存
put
down
写下；记下；放下；镇压
put
off
推迟；延期
put
on
穿上；戴上；上演
put
out
扑灭；伸出；公布
put
through
接通(电话)；完成
⑤Let
me
put
down
your
address.
让我把你的地址记下来。
⑥We
put
away
the
tools
before
we
leave
the
workshop.
我们在离开车间以前把工具收好。
give
in屈服，让步；呈交
(教材P22)Do
you
give
in
and
lend
them
to
her?
你会让步并把它们借给她吗？
give
away
赠送；泄露；出卖
give
back
归还；恢复
give
off
发出(光、热、气味等)
give
out
分发；发布；发出(声音、光、气体等)；耗尽
give
up
放弃
give
way(to)
让步，退却；让路于
①She
gave
away
all
her
money
to
the
poor.
她把钱都送给穷人了。
②The
news
was
given
out
that
our
school
had
done
a
good
job
in
the
2018
College
Entrance
Examination.
我们学校在2018年高考中成绩出色的消息已经公布。
③We
mustn't
give
way
to
these
unreasonable
demands.
我们不可向这些不合理的要求作出让步。
[名师点津]
“give
in”短语注意点
give
in作“让步，屈服”讲时，为不及物动词短语；give
in
to
sb./sth.“向某人/某事屈服”；作“呈交”讲时，为及物动词短语，give
sth.into
sb.“向某人呈交某物”。
subscribe
to
订阅(杂志或报纸)；同意，赞同；赞助
(教材P22)You
subscribe
to
a
magazine
and
you
keep
getting
it
late.
你订阅了一份杂志，你一直收到得很晚。
subscribe...to...
在……上签(名)；向……捐助
subscribe
for
认购(股票)
①He
subscribed
his
name
to
the
contract.
他在合同上签名。
②How
many
shares
did
you
subscribe
for
in
the
new
company?
你认购了那家新公司多少股份？
[语境助记]
We
applied
to
subscribe
to
some
magazines
useful
for
our
work.The
department
manager
subscribed
to
it
and
subscribed
his
name
to
the
application
form.
我们申请订阅几本对我们的工作有用的杂志。部门经理同意了这一请求，并在申请表上签了名。
call
in
请(某人)；召集；邀请；拜访；叫……进来；打电话
(教材P22)Do
you
accuse
your
neighbour
of
stealing
and
tell
her
you'll
call
in
the
police
next
time?
你会控告你的邻居偷窃并告诉她下次再偷窃的话会打电话报警吗？
call
on
sb.
拜访某人
call
at
a
place
拜访某地
call
on
sb.to
do
sth.
号召某人做某事
call
off
取消，停止进行
call
back
回电话
call
for
去接(某人)；需要，要求
call
up
使回忆起，给……打电话，征召入伍
①Success
calls
for
hard
work.
成功需要努力。
②That
picture
calls
up
memories
of
a
holiday
I
had
when
I
was
a
child.
那张照片使我回忆起儿时假期的情景。
③The
Ministry
of
Education
calls
on
students
to
exercise
for
an
hour
every
day.
教育部呼吁学生每天锻炼一个小时。
[语境助记]
Mary
called
me
up
and
said
that
she
would
first
call
at
John's
house，call
for
him
at
seven
o'clock
in
the
morning
and
then
call
on
their
English
teacher.
玛丽给我打电话说她上午7点钟先到约翰家接约翰，然后一起去拜访他们的英语老师。
appoint
vt.约定；指定；任命，委任
(教材P134)Do
you
know
I
was
appointed
head
of
the
student
union?
你知道我被任命为学生会主席了吗？
(1)appoint
sb.to
sth.
任命某人去……任职
appoint
sb.to
do
sth.
任命某人做某事
appoint
sb.as
sth.
任命某人任某职
(2)appointment
n.
任命；约会
make
an
appointment
with
sb.＝have
an
appointment
with
sb.
和某人约会
①John
Forbes
Kerry
was
appointed(as/to
be)Secretary
of
the
United
States.
约翰·福布斯·克里被任命为美国的国务卿。
②Who
will
be
appointed
to
help(help)
them
with
the
project?
谁将被委任去帮他们完成工程？
③I'd
like
to
make
an
appointment
with
Mr.Smith.
我想约见史密斯先生。
keep
off减去；不接近；避开
(教材P135)...how
to
keep
off
the
weight...
……如何减轻重量……
keep
away
(使)离开
keep...out/in
不让……入内/外出
keep
back
忍住(眼泪)；扣下；隐瞒
keep
on(doing
sth.)
继续(做某事)
keep
up
保持，继续
keep
in
touch
with
与……保持联系
keep
sth.in
mind
记住某物
keep
up
with
跟上，不落在……后面
①You
just
have
to
keep
on
working(work)
toward
your
goal.
你必须朝着目标不断努力。
②They
kept
up
the
talk
until
midnight.
他们一直谈到半夜。
possession
n．私有物品；财产；所有；拥有
(教材P135)You're
always
going
off
with
my
possessions...
你总是拿走我的东西……
take
possession
of
占有，拥有
in
possession
of
(某人)占有，拥有
in
the
possession
of
sb.＝in
one's
possession
为某人所有
come
into
one's
possession
为某人所占有；落入某人手中
possess
vt.
具有；控制
be
possessed
of
拥有，具有，占有
①Those
buildings
are
now
in
the
possession
of
our
school.
现在这些楼房归我们学校所有。
②We
have
taken
possession
of
the
town
for
two
weeks.
我们占领这个城镇已有两周了。
③Though
ordinary?looking，the
girl
is
possessed
of
great
intelligence.
这女孩虽然相貌平平，却拥有大智慧。
[名师点津]
不同的“占有、拥有”
(1)in
possession
of
“拥有，占有”的主语通常是人，为介词短语，表主动。
(2)in
the
possession
of
主语通常是事物，介词短语，表示“被……占有(拥有)”。
(3)have
possession
of
“拥有”，是延续性动词短语。
(4)take
possession
of
“拥有，占有”，是非延续性动词短语。
hold
out
(在困境中)坚持；伸出；维持
(教材P135)They
just
hope
that
if
they
hold
out
for
long
enough
things
will
get
better
by
and
by.
他们总是希望如果他们坚持的足够久的话，一切将会变得越来越好。
写出下列句子中hold
out的含义
①The
town
was
surrounded，but
the
people
held
out
until
help
came.坚持
②I
think
the
car
will
hold
out
until
we
reach
Chicago.维持
③He
held
out
the
keys
and
I
took
them.伸出
hold
back
阻止；抑制；隐瞒
hold
down
压制；抑制
hold
out
for
坚持要求
hold
up
使停顿；耽误；能成立；站得住
hold
on
等一等；停住；别挂断
hold
on
to
紧紧抓住；守住
④The
little
girl
succeeded
in
holding
back
her
tears.
小女孩把眼泪忍住了。
⑤I'd
hold
on
to
that
house
for
the
time
being；house
prices
are
rising
sharply
at
the
moment.
目前我不能出让那所房子，此刻房价正在急剧上涨。
come
about发生；产生
(教材P135)If
you
agree
to
do
something，then
make
sure
it
comes
about.
如果你同意做某事，那么就确保它会发生。
come
across
偶然碰到；遇见；被理解
come
on
加油；赶快；得了吧
come
out
出现；出版；结果是
come
to
结果；达到；苏醒；复原
come
up
开始；发生；被提出；被讨论；走过来
come
up
with
出现；提出；赶上
①She
came
up
with
a
new
idea
for
increasing
sales.
她想出了增加销售量的新主意。
②He
came
across
a
very
useful
book
in
an
old
bookstore.
他在一家旧书店偶然发现了一本很有用的书。
③He
knows
little
of
sports，but
when
it
comes
to
Yao
Ming，he
is
familiar
with
him.
他不大懂体育，但当谈及姚明时，他却非常熟悉。
remark
vt.说起，谈到vi.&
n．评论
(教材P24)One
of
their
men，speaking
in
English，remarked
that
he
had
worked
in
England
for
some
years
and
that
he
was
fed
up
to
the
neck
with
this
war...
他们之中有一个人会说英语，他说他在英格兰工作过好几年，他对这场讨厌的战争烦透了……
(1)remark
on/upon
评论；议论
remark
that...
说起，谈到
(2)remark
n.
评论，意见
make
a
remark/remarks
on/about
就……发表意见/评论
(3)remarkable
adj.
显著的，非凡的
be
remarkable
for
以……出名/著称
①The
judges
remarked
on
the
high
standard
of
entries
for
the
competition.
评委们说明了参赛的高标准。
②He
made
a
number
of
rude
remarks
about
the
food.
关于食物他说了许多无礼的评论。
③The
remarkable(remark)
achievements
made
in
China's
reform
and
opening
up
over
the
past
40
plus
years
are
a
result
of
the
actions
of
our
people
and
our
officials.
中国改革开放40多年的辉煌成就，就是广大干部群众干出来的。
distribute
vt.分发，分配；分送；提供
(教材P24)Bill
distributed
the
beer
among
us
and
we
consumed
the
lot.
比尔在我们当中分发啤酒，我们喝了很多。
(1)distribute...to/among...
在……中分配……
be
distributed
over/throughout
分布于
distribute...into...
把……分成……
(2)distribution
n.
分配；散布
①He
distributed
the
stolen
money
among
his
companions.
他将偷来的钱在同伙中分了。
②The
butterflies
are
widely
distributed
over
our
country.
蝴蝶在我国分布很广。
③This
is
a
good
thing
for
the
economy,
a
reflection
of
a
more
balanced
growth
model
and
a
more
equal
distribution(distribute)
of
wealth.
这对中国经济是好事，反映出增长模式更加平衡、财富分配更加平等。
(教材P23)The
first
time
she
asks
her
brother
to
change
channels
she
is
patient.
第一次要求她弟弟换频道时，她很有耐心。
【要点提炼】 名词短语the
first
time在句中起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……的时候”。
表示时间的名词短语有时可以引导时间状语从句。常见的有三类：
(1)由
time构成的名词短语：
every/each
time
每次……
the
first/last
time
第一次/最后一次……
next
time
下一次……
(2)the＋瞬间名词，相当于as
soon
as，表示“一……就……”；如：the
moment/instant/minute/second等
(3)the＋其他名词
the
morning/night/day/week/month/year等
①Every
time
he
arrived
home
at
the
end
of
the
day,
we'd
greet
him
at
the
door.
每次一天结束他到家，我们都会在门口迎接他。
②The
moment
the
missing
boy
saw
his
mother，he
burst
into
tears.
走丢的孩子一看见妈妈，便嚎啕大哭起来。
③The
day
he
went
abroad，they
got
divorced.
他出国的那天，他们离婚了。
(教材P25)This
patient
still
had
fresh
scars
from
his
first
visit
to
us
and
this
time
he'd
had
both
his
legs
blown
off...
这个病人还带着他第一次在我们这里住院时留下的新伤疤，而这次他的双腿被炸掉了……
【要点提炼】 had
both
his
legs
blown
off
是“have
sth.done”结构。“have
sth.done”结构的意思主要有：遭遇某事；让别人做某事；使某事被做，侧重于强调宾语是do所表示动作的承受者。
have构成的其他常见结构：
(1)have
sb./sth.doing
sth.“让某人/某物一直做某事”(现在分词作宾补，do所表示的动作由have的宾语发出)；
(2)have
sb./sth.do
sth.“让某人/某物做某事”(不带to的不定式作宾补，do所表示的动作由have的宾语发出)；
(3)have
sth.to
do“有某事要做”(不定式作后置定语，do与sth.之间为动宾关系；do所表示的动作由主语发出，不定式虽为主动形式，但表示被动意义)；
(4)have
sth.to
be
done“有某事要做”(不定式的被动式作后置定语，do与sth.之间为动宾关系；do所表示的动作不是主语发出的)
①Jerry
had
Laura
send
the
letter.
杰里让劳拉送信。
②She
had
her
son
standing(stand)
in
the
sun.
她让儿子一直站在阳光下。
③We
ought
to
have
her
examined(examine)．
我们应该让她做个检查。
(教材P23)He
gets
nervous
when
she
says
she'll
tell
their
father
how
he
spent
his
allowance.
【分析】 这是一个含有多重从句的复合句。when
she
says...his
allowance为when引导的时间状语从句；在时间状语从句中含有一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句，作动词says的宾语，在宾语从句中又含有一个宾语从句，由how引导，作动词tell的宾语。
【翻译】 当她说她要告诉她们的父亲他如何花掉他的零花钱时，他变得紧张起来。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
had
my
leg
broken(break)
when
I
got
off
the
bus.
2．Most
of
the
furniture
was
left
to
the
neighbours
or
distributed
among
friends.
3．I
came
across
a
classmate
on
the
way
home
yesterday.
4．He
was
very
tall
and
stood
out
from
the
crowd.
5．Some
suggestions
for
the
improvement
of
its
design
and
application
are
put
forward．
6．I
have
subscribed
to
that
magazine
for
years.
7．I
would
like
to
call
on
you
to
discuss(discuss)
our
new
monitor.
8．I
guess
you
already
have
an
appointment(appoint)
with
him,
right?
9．He
was
possessed(possess)
of
great
self?confidence.
10．We
can
stay
here
for
as
long
as
our
supplies
hold
out．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Although
Jane
agreed
with
me
on
most
points，there
was
one
on
which
she
was
unwilling
to
give
up.up→in
2．I
wonder
how
it
came
over
that
he
studied
very
hard
but
didn't
pass
this
important
exam.over→about
3．She
is
a
person，who
always
looks
down
others.down后加on/upon
4．Amie
Salmon，disabled,
is
attended
throughout
her
school
days
by
a
nurse
appointing
to
guard
her.appointing→appointed
5．Apart
from
anything
else,
he
comes
near
to
contradict
himself.
contradict→contradicting
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．The
camera
just
came
apart
the
first
time
he
used
it．
这相机在他第一次使用时就破了。
2．I'll
have
the
gardener
plant
some
trees.
我要让园丁种些树。
3．They
had
distributed
food
and
clothes
to
the
poor.
他们把食物和衣服分发给了穷人们。
4．He
was
remarking
on/upon
the
subject
when
I
came
in.
我进来的时候，他在评论这个问题。
5．A
lawyer
was
appointed
to
represent
the
child.
一名律师被指定为这个孩子的代理人。
PAGEUnit
23
Conflict
Section
Ⅴ Reading
(Ⅲ)
(Communication
Workshop
&
Language
Awareness)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.import
A．n.解放
( )2.stable
B．adj.很费心的
( )3.intend
C．adj.任意的
( )4.draft
D．vt.赞助
( )5.expense
E．vt.进口
( )6.arbitrary
F．vt.想要，打算
( )7.liberation
G．n.费用，开支
( )8.demanding
H．adj.稳固的
( )9.sponsor
I．adj.理论的
( )10.theoretical
J．vt.起草
[答案] 1－5 EHFJG 6－10 CABDI
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.He
drove
the
car
at
full
speed
through
the
town.
( )2.When
the
war
broke
out
he
returned
to
England
and
joined
up.
( )3.They
set
up
a
working
party
to
look
into
the
issue.
( )4.She
has
sorted
out
all
the
books
and
pictures.
( )5.There
are
a
wide
range
of
career
opportunities
open
to
young
people.
( )6.Find
out
ahead
of
time
what
regulations
apply
to
your
situation.
[答案] 1－6 FDEBAC
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P26教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．The
attitude
of
the
manager.
2．Para.2
B．His
request
to
the
company.
3．Para.3
C．To
tell
the
purpose
of
writing
the
letter.
4．Para.4
D．The
problems
he
met.
[答案] 1－4 CDAB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P26教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．From
the
letter，we
can
guess
that
Lance
Armstrong
is
．
A．a
famous
bike
brand
B．a
film
star
C．an
event
sponsored
by
the
company
D．a
famous
cyclist
2．According
to
the
advertisement，if
you
use
the
bike
ten
minutes
a
day
for
three
weeks，you
will
lose
at
least
kilos.
A．4
B．5 C．6 D．8
3．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
letter?
A．Jeffreys'
heart
beat
over
two
hundred
times
when
he
was
cycling
at
full
speed.
B．The
doctor
said
Jeffreys'
heart
beat
was
normal.
C．The
seller
refused
to
give
back
Jeffreys'
money.
D．The
bike
had
many
problems
in
quality.
4．What
did
Jeffreys'
require
the
producer
to
do?
A．To
give
his
money
back.
B．To
compensate
him
for
his
injuries.
C．To
give
him
a
reply
within
three
weeks.
D．All
of
the
above.
[答案] 1－4 DCAD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P30教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Different
periods
of
job
descriptions
Elementary
school
Most
of
their
time
is
spent
on
1.observing(observe)
young
children
in
class
so
that
any
children
with
2.behavioral(behave)
problems
or
special
learning
needs
might
3.be
identified(identify)
and
helped.
Junior
high
school
It
is
a
difficult
time
for
many
students
4.because
their
bodies
are
changing
and
they
become
more
self?conscious.
Students
might
be
counseled
about
personal
problems
5.including(include)
bullying
at
school，problems
at
home
and
health
problems
or
concerns.
High
school
While
6.continuing(continue)
with
the
students'
personal
and
behavioral
problems，they
also
help
the
students
with
academic
issues
like
college
7.applications(apply)．
A
counselor
often
helps
students
decide
on
which
courses
to
take
at
college
and
which
colleges
to
apply
to.They
also
write
letters
of
8.recommendation(recommend)
on
behalf
of
the
students.
College
More
complex
questions
need
to
be
handled
because
college
students
are
9.of
different
ages
and
from
different
backgrounds.A
counselor
often
helps
students
adjust
to
college
life
and
plan
their
10.professional(profession)
careers
after
college.
PAGEUnit
23
Conflict
Section
Ⅵ Language
Points(Ⅲ)
(Communication
Workshop，Language
Awareness，Culture
Corner
&
Bulletin
Board)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The
famous
writer
possesses(拥有)
a
happy
family.
2．He
has
sponsored(赞助)
the
poor
student
every
term
in
the
last
few
years.
3．I
have
no
idea
of
what
is
in
fashion,
so
my
choice
is
quite
arbitrary(任意的)．
4．When
I
got
to
the
end
of
the
article，I
felt
a
sense
of
liberation(解放)．
5．It's
too
much
of
an
expense(费用)
for
me
to
own
a
car.
6．I
didn't
intend
her
to
see
the
painting
until
it
was
finished.
7．The
army
refused
to
take
in
the
young
man
for
he
was
physically
unfit．
8．India
imports
a
great
amount
of
food
every
year
because
of
its
large
population.
9．We
must
strengthen
our
unity
in
the
face
of
powerful
enemies.
10．The
patient's
blood
pressure
is
stable．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．strong
adj.强的，强壮的→strength
n．力气；优势→strengthen
vt.加强；巩固
2．fit
adj.健壮的，健康的→unfit
adj.不健壮的→unfitness
n．不健康，状态欠佳
3．theory
n．理论→theoretical
adj.理论的
4．possess
vt.拥有→possession
n．拥有，具有→possessed
adj.具有(某种品质、能力)的
5．diverse
adj.各种各样的→diversity
n．多样性
6．recommend
vt.推荐→recommendation
n．推荐
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．in
contract
with
与……联系/接触
2．look
forward
to
盼望
3．pushing
up
daisies
命丧黄泉
4．join
up
参军，入伍；连接
5．rope
off
用绳围起(隔开)
6．bring
sth.on
sb.
给某人招来(不愉快的事情)
7．look
into
调查
8．sort
out
解决(问题或困难)；整理；挑选
9．tell
sb.
off
责备某人，斥责某人
10．apply
to
向……申请
11．a
wide
range
of
范围广泛的
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．It
looked
as
though
it
might
rain
at
any
minute.
2．Many
young
people
of
the
village
have
joined
up
since
last
year.
3．He
has
promised
to
look
into
the
matter.
4．John
spent
a
happy
weekend
sorting
out
his
coins
and
stamps.
5．Both
techniques
can
be
applied
to
the
same
application.
n.＋?en→v.
v.＋to→复合短语
heighten
加高lengthen
加长broaden
拓宽
adjust
to
适应appeal
to
吸引contribute
to
有助于；导致
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.But
I
find
out
that
you
don't
sponsor
Armstrong
and
after
using
the
bike
for
a
month
it
is
as
though
I
have
done
no
exercise
at
all.但我发现你们并没有赞助阿姆斯特朗，并且使用这辆自行车一个月了，好像我一点也没得到锻炼。
as
though
“似乎，好像”。
It
sounds
as
though
there
is
a
knock
at
the
door.听起来好像有人在敲门。
2.In
fact，the
more
I
use
the
bike,
the
more
weight
I
seem
to
put
on,
despite
following
the
instruction
manual
carefully.事实上，我越使用这辆自行车，我好像就越增重，尽管我认真地按使用指南去做了。
the＋比较级...the＋比较级...“越……就越……”。
The
more
you
speak
English，the
better
your
English
will
be.你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。
3.
Counsellors
offer
help,
advice
and
support
to
people
who
find
it
difficult
to
help
themselves.辅导员向那些发现自我帮助有困难的人提供帮助、建议与支持。
find＋it＋实语
You'll
find
it
enjoyable
to
see
a
dentist.你会发现看牙医很有趣。
strengthen
vt.(使)变强；加强
(教材P26)...by
using
the
exercise
bike
for
ten
minutes
a
day，one
would
strengthen
one's
body
and
lose
at
least
two
kilos
a
week.……一个人每天骑十分钟的自行车就会增强体质，一周至少减重两千克。
(1)strengthen
national
defence
巩固国防
strengthen
sb.'s
hand
增强某人的实力
(2)strength
n.
力量，力气；实力
on
the
strength
of...
受……的鼓励；凭借……
from
strength
to
strength
不断强大
①He
finally
went
to
college
on
the
strength
of
his
parents'
encouragement.
在他父母的鼓励下，他终于考上了大学。
②Ren
Zhengfei
said
Huawei
would
strengthen(strength)
protection
around
the
“higher?end
technologies”
being
created
by
the
group.
任正非仍表示，华为将加强对公司正在开发的“高端技术”的保护。
[明辨异同] power/force/energy/strength
power
主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能，人或机器等事物的潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量、职权、权力或政权。
force
主要是自然界的力量、暴力、势力、说服力、压制力、法律、道德或感情的力量、军事的力量，总之，它是活动中的力量。
energy
主要指人的精力、工作或活动的能力、自然界的能力等。
strength
指人或物所拥有的内在的力量，能用以从事、忍受或抵抗许多事物。
power，force，energy，strength
③Old
as
he
is，he
has
such
energy
that
he
can
work
14
hours
a
day.
④He
lost
some
of
the
strength
in
his
muscles
when
he
stopped
exercising.
⑤Knowledge
is
power．
⑥There
is
force
in
what
he
said.
intend
vt.想要，打算
(教材P26)Unless
I
receive
a
positive
reply
within
the
next
three
weeks，I
intend
to
take
further
action.
如果在三周之内得不到肯定答复，我将采取进一步行动。
(1)intend
to
do/doing
sth.
打算做某事
intend
sb.to
do
sth.
打算让某人做某事
be
intended
for
专供……(使用)；旨在……
be
intended
as
计划用作……
had
intended
to
do...＝intended
to
have
done...
本打算做……
It
is
intended
that...
打算……；按计划……
(2)intention
n.
打算，意图，目的
①More
than
half
of
Beijing's
adult
single
children
don't
intend
to
have
two
kids.
在北京超过半数有一个孩子的成年人不打算要二孩。
②It
is
intended
that
production
will
start
at
the
end
of
the
month.
计划月底将开始生产。
③He
intends
his
son
to
manage(manage)
the
company.
他打算让他儿子经营该公司。
[名师点津]
intend，hope，wish，mean，expect，plan，want，attempt等，常用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，意为“本打算/希望做而未做”。
expense
n．费用，开支
(教材P136)The
film
All
Quiet
On
the
Western
Front
was
made
in
1930
at
huge
expense
with
what
was
then
an
enormous
budget
of
one
and
a
quarter
million
dollars.
1930年，电影《西线无战事》的制作耗资巨大，125万美金在当时是一笔庞大的预算。
(1)at
great/little
expense
花了很多/很少钱
at
one's
expense
由某人付费
at
the
expense
of...
以……为代价，在牺牲……的情况下
spare
no
expense
不惜一切代价
(2)expensive
adj.
昂贵的；价格高的
①She
spared
no
expense
to
make
the
party
a
success.
为使聚会成功她不惜一切代价。
②He
built
up
the
business
at
the
expense
of
his
health.
他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。
bring
sth.on
sb.给某人招来(不愉快的)事情
(教材P137)He
made
me
feel
that
I'd
brought
these
troubles
on
myself
by
buying
the
bike
in
the
first
place.
他使我感觉到首先是我买这辆车给自己带来了麻烦。
bring
about
引起；导致
bring
back
使记起；恢复
bring
down
降低
bring
up
养育；提出；呕吐
bring
out
使显示；出版
bring
in
介绍；引进；赚
①Science
has
brought
about
many
changes
in
our
lives.科学给我们的生活带来了诸多变化。
②His
work
brings
him
in
1，000
dollars
a
month.
他的工作每月有一千美元的收入。
③My
mother
brought
up
five
children.
我的母亲养育了五个孩子。
sort
out解决(问题或困难)；整理；选出
(教材P137)...we
can
sort
out
the
money
for
your
injury
on
the
spot.
……我们能解决你当场受伤的用钱问题。
写出下列句中sort
out的含义
①There
is
something
wrong
with
the
program.
I'll
try
to
sort
things
out
and
call
you
back.解决
②The
fishermen
sorted
out
the
little
fish
and
put
them
back
into
the
sea.选出
③It
is
necessary
that
he
(should)
sort
out
the
information
for
my
reference.整理
(1)sort
out
from
从……中挑选
sort...into...
把……分成……
(2)a
sort
of
一种
all
sorts
of
各种各样的
sort
of
有点儿，有几分
④The
computer
sorts
the
words
into
alphabetical
order.
计算机按字母顺序排列这些单词。
⑤She
sort
of
pretends
that
she
doesn't
really
care.
她摆出一副并不真正在乎的样子。
demanding
adj.(指任务)需要耐心、技巧、努力等的；(指人)对他人要求高的；苛求的
(教材P30)Children
of
different
ages
have
different
problems
and
needs，so
the
job
of
a
school
counsellor
can
be
very
diverse
and
demanding.
不同年龄的孩子有不同的问题与需要，因此，一名学校顾问的工作可能既变化多端，又需要很高的技能。
(1)demand
vt.&n.
要求，请求，需要
demand
to
do
sth.
要求/请求/需要做某事
demand
sth.of
sb.
要求/请求某人某事
demand
of
sb.to
do
sth.
要求某人做某事
demand
(that)...(should)do...
要求做……(虚拟语气)
(2)meet/satisfy
one's
demand
满足某人的需要
in
demand
需求量大
①I
think
the
government
should
try
to
satisfy
the
public's
demands.
我认为，政府应尽力满足民众的需求。
②Organic
produce
is
in
great
demand.
有机农产品需求量很大。
③He
demanded
of
me
to
shut(shut)
the
gate.
他要求我关上大门。
[名师点津]
(1)不可以说demand
sb.to
do
sth.，但可以说demand
of
sb.to
do
sth.
(2)demand
后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气：should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
apply
to向……申请；适用；适合；应用于
(教材P30)Often，a
counsellor
will
help
students
decide
on
which
courses
to
take
at
college
and
which
colleges
to
apply
to.
通常一个(高中的)顾问将要帮助学生决定将来上大学所选择的科目和将要申请的大学。
(1)apply(to...)for
(向……)申请
apply
oneself
to(doing)sth.
致力于，集中精力于……
apply...to...
把……应用于……
(2)applicant
n.
申请人
application
n.
应用；申请(表)
①We
had
to
apply
(to
the
government)for
financial
help.
我们只好(向政府)申请财务援助。
②Later
I
decided
to
apply
my
previous
experience
to
learning(learn)
how
to
read
and
write.
后来我决定把我以前的经验应用到学习阅读和写作上。
recommendation
n．推荐；建议；推荐信
(教材P30)They
also
write
letters
of
recommendation
on
behalf
of
students.
他们还代表学生写推荐信。
recommend
vt.
推荐；介绍；劝告，建议
recommend
sb.sth.＝recommend
sth.to
sb.
向某人推荐/介绍某事
recommend
sb.for...
推荐某人……(某职位)
recommend
sb.as...
推荐某人为……
recommend
doing
sth.
推荐/建议做某事
recommend
sb.to
do
sth.
建议某人做某事
recommend
that...(should)do...
建议做……(虚拟语气)
①The
teacher
recommended
that
everyone
(should)take
an
active
part
in
the
English
party.
老师建议每一个人都应积极参加英语晚会。
②The
teacher
recommended
buying(buy)
an
English?Chinese
dictionary.
老师建议买一本英汉字典。
③The
doctor
recommended
his
patient
to
go(go)
out
for
a
walk.
医生建议他的病人出去散散步。
(教材P26)In
fact，the
more
I
use
the
bike，the
more
weight
I
seem
to
put
on，despite
following
the
instruction
manual
carefully.
事实上，我越骑这辆自行车，我好像越增重，尽管我认真遵循用户手册。
【要点提炼】 句中the
more...，the
more...表示“越……，就越……”。前一个the
more
引导的句子相当于一个条件状语从句，后一个the
more引导的句子相当于相应的主句。
比较级的常见结构如下：
(1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”/“more
and
more＋原级”表示“越来越……”。
(2)“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……越……”。
(3)“the＋比较级＋of
the
two...”表示“两者中较……的那一个”。
(4)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
(5)倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than...
①It
becomes
warmer
and
warmer
when
spring
comes.
春天来了，天气越来越暖和了。
②I
have
never
seen
a
stranger(strange)
bird.
这是我见过的最奇怪的鸟。
③Our
school
is
twice
bigger(big)
than
yours.
我们学校是你们学校的两倍大。
(教材P30)Counsellors
offer
help，advice
and
support
to
people
who
find
it
difficult
to
help
themselves．
辅导员向那些觉得自我帮助有困难的人提供帮助、建议与支持。
【要点提炼】 在find
it
difficult
to
help
themselves中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为to
help
themselves。在复合宾语中，当宾语为不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾补前。
it除作形式宾语外，还可以作形式主语，真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)放在后面，一般是为了平衡句子结构。
①It
is
easy
to
say，but
difficult
to
do.
说起来容易做起来难。
②It's
no
use
arguing(argue)
with
him；he
won't
listen.
和他争吵没用，他不会听的。
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
①Why
haven't
you
been
in
touch？②What
have
you
been
doing
during
the
holidays？③I
expect
you
have
been
working
hard
for
your
exams！④At
least
by
the
time
I
get
back
I
will
have
read
that
awfully
boring
book
...⑤Anyway，having
walked
all
the
way
to
the
top,
we
were
tired
and
stopped
...⑥Well,
he
had
been
standing
there
for
a
minute
or
so
when
there
was
a
noise.⑦It
must
have
been
an
instinctive
reaction
but
it
saved
my
life.⑧The
boy
pretended
to
have
known
it.
后自主感悟
1.以上句子分别使用了不同的时态或非谓语动词形式来表达完成的概念。2.根据以上例句，表示“完成”的动词形式有：现在完成时态(句①)，现在完成进行时态(句②、句③)，过去完成进行时态(句⑥)，将来完成时态(句④)，不定式的完成式(句⑧)，动词?ing形式的完成式(句⑤)，含有情态动词的完成时态(句⑦)。
一、表达完成的谓语动词的形式和含义
形式
含义
have
done(现在完成时)
表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或造成的结果，还可表示动作从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在，还有可能持续下去
have
been
doing(现在完成进行时)
表示某一动作延续到现在并有可能持续下去，表示某一动作的延续性、重复性，或表示某种感彩
had
done(过去完成时)
表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态
had
been
doing(过去完成进行时)
表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间
will
have
done(将来完成时)
表示在将来某一时间点或某一动作之前完成的动作
He
has
seen
the
film
Avatar
twice.
他已经看了两遍电影《阿凡达》。
Ann
is
very
tired.
She
has
been
working
hard.
安很累，她一直努力工作。
The
play
had
already
started
when
we
got
to
the
theatre.
我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。
They
will
have
been
married
for
20
years
by
then.
到那时他们将已婚20年了。
[名师点津]
(1)现在完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，它具备未完成性或特定的感彩。
He
has
been
sleeping
all
the
afternoon.
他已睡了一下午了。(表示“抱怨”，有感彩)
(2)过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为起点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去的某个动作相比较时才能用到。
Beautiful
Voice
had
prepared
well
before
he
stepped
onto
the
stage
of
Avenue
of
Stars.
在走上《星光大道》的舞台之前，“美声四季”已做了充分的准备。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①I
have
read(read)
half
of
the
English
novel,
and
I'll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
②In
the
last
few
years,
China
has
made(make)
great
achievements
in
environmental
protection.
③—Did
you
have
difficulty
finding
Ann's
house?
—Not
really.
She
had
given(give)
us
clear
directions
and
we
were
able
to
find
it
easily.
④—Where
is
Peter?
I
can't
find
him
anywhere.
—He
went
to
the
library
after
breakfast
and
has
been
writing(write)
his
essay
there
ever
since.
⑤Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks,
no
agreement
has
been
reached(reach)
so
far
by
the
two
sides.
二、“情态动词十have
done”表示推测或责备
can
(could),
may
(might),
must,
should
(ought
to),
need等有时接have
done对过去动作或状态进行推测或责备。
She
can't
have
finished
the
work.
她不可能做完了这个工作。
He
might
have
arrived
now.
现在他可能已经到了。
With
all
the
work
finished，I
should
have
gone
to
the
party
last
night.
所有的工作都做完了，我昨晚本该去参加宴会的。
三、非谓语动词的完成式
完成时的非谓语形式有不定式的完成式和动词?ing形式的完成式，表示非谓语动作发生于句子谓语动作之前。通常在句中作状语，也可作主语。
1．不定式的完成式
构成：to
have
done，常用于pretend，believe，prove，seem，consider等词之后。
He
seems
to
have
caught
a
cold.
他似乎已经感冒了。
2．动词?ing形式的完成时
构成：having
done；动词?ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
Having
found
a
hotel,
we
looked
for
somewhere
to
have
dinner.
在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方了。
Having
been
told
many
times,
the
naughty
boy
made
the
same
mistake.
虽然被告知了好多遍，但这个淘气的男孩犯了同样的错误。
Not
having
met
her,
I
can't
tell
you
what
she
is
like.
(因为)我从没有见过她，所以没办法告诉你她的模样。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
had
finished(finish)
my
homework
before
supper.
2．You
will
have
reached(reach)
Shanghai
by
this
time
tomorrow.
3．Having
failed(fail)
twice,
he
didn't
want
to
try
again.
4．I
have
visited(visit)
most
of
the
cities
in
China
since
five
years
ago.
5．These
years
China
has
been
helping(help)
some
poor
countries.
6．She
should
have
told(tell)
me
the
news
earlier.
7．I
had
been
sleeping(sleep)
when
my
friend
called
me.
8．By
the
time
Jack
returned
home
from
England,
his
son
had
graduated(graduate)
from
college.
9．On
her
next
birthday,
Ann
will
have
been(be)
married
for
twenty
years.
10．I
have
been
studying
here
for
four
years,
by
next
summer
I
shall
have
graduated(graduate)．
11．John,
a
friend
of
mine,
who
got
married
only
last
week，spent
$3，000
more
than
he
had
planned(plan)for
the
wedding.
12．Having
run(run)
for
two
miles,
the
car
broke
down.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The
early
morning
barking
have
been
disturbing
us
as
we
are
often
up
all
night
with
the
baby.have→has
2．Since
then—for
all
these
years—we
had
been
allowing
tomatoes
to
self?seed
where
they
please.had→have
3．Unfortunately，by
the
time
I
got
back,
they
have
finished
the
scene
and
the
actor
couldn't
be
seen
anywhere.have→had
4．I
couldn't
believe
my
luck—not
only
did
I
had
my
photo
taken
with
him，but
he
signed
his
name
on
my
shirt！had→have
5．Nobody
knew
what
they
had
been
done
all
these
years.
done→doing
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
earlier(early)
you
set
about
your
work,
the
sooner
you
will
finish
it.
2．He
talks
about
Rome
as
if
he
had
been(be)
there
before.
3．Are
men
and
women
equals
in
physical
strength(strengthen)?
4．I
intended
to
have
arranged(arrange)
them,
but
I
forgot.
5．We
asked
him
to
join
us
in
singing(sing),
but
he
refused.
6．This
was
a
demanding(demand)
job,
but
he
didn't
refuse
it.
7．Please
print
your
names
in
the
application(apply)
form.
8．He
gave
her
the
job
on
her
uncle's
recommendation(recommend)．
9．I've
made
a
few
adjustments(adjust)
to
the
design.
10．This
money
is
intended(intend)
for
the
development
of
the
tourist
industry.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They
treat
me
as
though
I
was
a
stranger.was→were
2．The
busier
she
is,
the
happiest
she
feels.happiest→happier
3．All
sort
of
people
found
shelter
under
his
roof.sort→sorts
4．This
is
one
of
the
great
strength
of
my
country.
strength→strengths
5．He
saved
the
girl
for
the
expense
of
his
life.for→at
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
he
would
say
something．
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
2．The
more
difficult
the
questions
are,
the
less
likely
he
is
able
to
answer
them.
问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。
3．He
had
intended
to
go,
but
on
second
thought,
he
gave
up
the
idea.
他本来打算去，但进一步考虑后，打消了这个念头。
4．That
song
always
brings
back
memories
of
school．
那首歌总是使人想起过去的学校生活。
5．They
spared
no
expense
to
make
the
wedding
party
a
success.
为了把婚礼办得像模像样他们不惜花费巨资。
PAGEUnit
23
Conflict
Section
Ⅶ Writing——投诉信
投诉是人们日常生活中受到欺骗或不合理、不公平的对待时的一种积极有效的反映方式，而写投诉信是人们无法直接陈述或不便于直接陈述时所采取的必要手段。
投诉信通常是写给厂家、商店、消费者协会、报界或厂家、商店的上级主管部门，揭发产品质量的低劣、服务态度的糟糕，抱怨不应出现的情况或问题等，以求得解决的信件。
写投诉信要实事求是地把问题讲清楚，态度要冷静，要写得有理有据，令人信服。做到有礼貌，不能恶语伤人。
写投诉信时要注意以下几点：
1.在投诉信件的右上角写投诉人的地址。下一行靠左边写受诉人的地址。
2.接着靠左边写礼貌的称呼。
3.引出主题。说明投诉原因，给出具体的信息，包括产品名称、销售服务、在何时何地购买物品及物品出现的问题等。附上保证书和收据的复印件。
4.给出投诉要点。例如：
(1)为什么这一产品的广告有不合实际、错误引导消费者的嫌疑。
(2)产品有什么问题。
5.说明你的要求。如果没有满足你的要求，清楚地说明你想要进一步采取什么样的行动。
6.正式结尾(Formal
ending)
投诉信的最常见结尾就是：I
look
forward
to
hearing
from
you.
7.署名(Signing
off)
写完后应签名落款，写在结束语的正下方。
Dear...→称呼
说明产品的问题
结束语
假设你是李宏玉，你的父亲半年前买了一部手机，使用一个月后就坏了，声音太小，并且有噪音，有时候信号中断。你发现尽管机壳是新的，但从多种迹象可以看出那是一部翻新的旧手机。你曾多次找过商店经理，经理说等等看，可是已经等了5个月了。现在你给消费者协会写信，投诉此事，并要求全额赔偿。
体裁
书信
时态
一般现在时为主
话题
手机质量问题
人称
第一人称为主
结构
第一段：提出写信的目的；第二段：阐述投诉理由；第三段：阐述投诉遇到的问题。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．guarantee
保证书
2．receipt
收据
3．signal
信号
4．ask
sb.to
do
sth.
要求某人做某事
5．a
full
refund
全额退款
6．look
forward
to
盼望；期望
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．Although
its
cover
is
new,
I
think
it
is
an
old
one
that
has
been
rebuilt．
尽管机壳是新的，我认为这是一部翻新的手机。
2．We
waited
for
five
months,
but
there
was
no
reply．
我们等了五个月，但是没有回应。
(二)句式升级
1．I'm
writing
to
you
about
the
cellphone.My
father
bought
the
cellphone
half
a
year
ago.(用定语从句改写句子)
I'm
writing
to
you
about
the
cellphone
which
my
father
bought
half
a
year
ago.
2．Something
was
wrong
with
it
only
a
month
later.(用强调句改写句子)
It
was
only
a
month
later
that
something
was
wrong
with
it.
【参考范文】
Dear
Sir，
I'm
writing
to
you
about
the
cellphone
which
my
father
bought
half
a
year
ago.Here
are
the
copies
of
the
guarantee
and
the
receipt.
It
was
only
a
month
later
that
something
was
wrong
with
it.It
sounded
little
with
some
noise.When
my
father
was
calling
me，the
signal
often
stopped.Although
its
cover
is
new，I
think
it
is
an
old
one
that
has
been
rebuilt.
I
asked
the
manager
about
this.He
just
asked
us
to
wait
for
a
while.We
waited
for
five
months，but
there
was
no
reply.
I'd
like
a
full
refund.
I
look
forward
to
hearing
from
you.
Yours
sincerely，
Li
Hongyu
PAGEUnit
23
Conflict
【导读】 《一个干净明亮的地方》是海明威的早期作品，是一部典型的虚无主义小说，具有典型的海明威风格：文章以虚无思想为主题并大量使用简洁句。
【节选】
It
was
very
late
and
everyone
had
left
the
cafe
except
an
old
man
who
sat
in
the
shadow
the
leaves
of
the
tree
made
against
the
electric
light.In
the
day
time
the
street
was
dusty,
but
at
night
the
dew
settled
the
dust
and
the
old
man
liked
to
sit
late
because
he
was
deaf
and
now
at
night
it
was
quiet
and
he
felt
the
difference.The
two
waiters
inside
the
cafe
knew
that
the
old
man
was
a
little
drunk,
and
while
he
was
a
good
client
they
knew
that
if
he
became
too
drunk
he
would
leave
without
paying,
so
they
kept
watch
on
him.
“Last
week
he
tried
to
commit
suicide，”
one
waiter
said.
“Why？”
“He
was
in
despair.”
“What
about？”
“Nothing.”
“How
do
you
know
it
was
nothing？”
“He
has
plenty
of
money.”
They
sat
together
at
a
table
that
was
close
against
the
wall
near
the
door
of
the
cafe
and
looked
at
the
terrace
where
the
tables
were
all
empty
except
where
the
old
man
sat
in
the
shadow
of
the
leaves
of
the
tree
that
moved
slightly
in
the
wind.A
girl
and
a
soldier
went
by
in
the
street.
The
street
light
shone
on
the
brass
number
on
his
collar.The
girl
wore
no
head
covering
and
hurried
beside
him.
“The
guard
will
pick
him
up，”
one
waiter
said.
“What
does
it
matter
if
he
gets
what
he's
after？”
“He
had
better
get
off
the
street
now.The
guard
will
get
him.They
went
by
five
minutes
ago.”
The
old
man
sitting
in
the
shadow
rapped
on
his
saucer
with
his
glass.The
younger
waiter
went
over
to
him.
“What
do
you
want？”
The
old
man
looked
at
him.“Another
brandy，”
he
said.
“You'll
be
drunk，”
the
waiter
said.The
old
man
looked
at
him.The
waiter
went
away.
“He'll
stay
all
night，”
he
said
to
his
colleague.“I'm
sleepy
now.I
never
get
into
bed
before
three
o'clock.He
should
have
killed
himself
last
week.”
The
waiter
took
the
brandy
bottle
and
another
saucer
from
the
counter
inside
the
cafe
and
marched
out
to
the
old
man's
table.He
put
down
the
saucer
and
poured
the
glass
full
of
brandy.
“You
should
have
killed
yourself
last
week，”
he
said
to
the
deaf
man.The
old
man
motioned
with
his
finger.“A
little
more，”
he
said.The
waiter
poured
on
into
the
glass
so
that
the
brandy
slopped
over
and
ran
down
the
stem
into
the
top
saucer
of
the
pile.“Thank
you，”
the
old
man
said.The
waiter
took
the
bottle
back
inside
the
cafe.He
sat
down
at
the
table
with
his
colleague
again.
“He's
drunk
now，”
he
said.
“He's
drunk
every
night.”
“What
did
he
want
to
kill
himself
for？”
“How
should
I
know.”
“How
did
he
do
it？”
“He
hung
himself
with
a
rope.”
“Who
cut
him
down？”
“His
niece.”
“Why
did
they
do
it？”
“Fear
for
his
soul.”
“How
much
money
has
he
got？”
“He's
got
plenty.”
“He
must
be
eighty
years
old.”
“Anyway
I
should
say
he
was
eighty.”
“I
wish
he
would
go
home.I
never
get
to
bed
before
three
o'clock.What
kind
of
hour
is
that
to
go
to
bed？”
“He
stays
up
because
he
likes
it.”
“He's
lonely.I'm
not
lonely.I
have
a
wife
waiting
in
bed
for
me.”
“He
had
a
wife
once，too.”
“A
wife
would
be
no
good
to
him
now.”
“You
can't
tell.He
might
be
better
with
a
wife.”
“His
niece
looks
after
him.You
said
she
cut
him
down.”
“I
know.”
“I
wouldn't
want
to
be
that
old.An
old
man
is
a
nasty
thing.”
“Not
always.This
old
man
is
clean.He
drinks
without
spilling.Even
now,
drunk.Look
at
him.”
“I
don't
want
to
look
at
him.I
wish
he
would
go
home.He
has
no
regard
for
those
who
must
work.”
The
old
man
looked
from
his
glass
across
the
square,
then
over
at
the
waiters.
“Another
brandy，”
he
said,
pointing
to
his
glass.The
waiter
who
was
in
a
hurry
came
over.
“Finished，”
he
said,
speaking
with
that
omission
of
syntax
stupid
people
employ
when
talking
to
drunken
people
or
foreigners.“No
more
tonight.Close
now.”
“Another，”
said
the
old
man.
“No.Finished.”
The
waiter
wiped
the
edge
of
the
table
with
a
towel
and
shook
his
head.
The
old
man
stood
up,
slowly
counted
the
saucers,
took
a
leather
coin
purse
from
his
pocket
and
paid
for
the
drinks,
leaving
half
a
peseta
tip.
The
waiter
watched
him
go
down
the
street,
a
very
old
man
walking
unsteadily
but
with
dignity.
时间很晚了，大家都离开餐馆，只有一个老人还坐在树叶挡住灯光的阴影里。白天里，街上尽是尘埃，到了晚上，露水压住了尘埃。这个老人喜欢坐得很晚，因为他是个聋子，现在是夜里，十分寂静，他感觉得到跟白天的不同。待在餐馆里的两个侍者知道这老人有点儿醉了，他虽然是个好主顾，可是，他们知道，如果他喝得太醉了，他会不付账就走，所以他们一直在留神他。
“上个星期他想自杀，”一个侍者说。
“为什么？”
“他绝望啦。”
“干吗绝望？”
“没事儿。”
“你怎么知道是没事儿？”
“他有很多钱。”
他们一起坐在紧靠着餐馆大门墙边的桌旁，眼睛望着平台，那儿的桌子全都空无一人，只有那个老人坐在随风轻轻飘拂的树叶的阴影里。有个少女和一个大兵走过大街。街灯照在他那领章的铜号码上。那个少女没戴帽子，在他身旁匆匆走着。
“警卫队会把他逮走，”一个侍者说。
“如果他到手了他要找的东西，那又有什么关系呢？”
“他这会儿还是从街上溜走为好。警卫队会找他麻烦，他们五分钟前才经过这里。”
那老人坐在阴影里，用杯子敲敲茶托。那个年纪比较轻的侍者上他那儿去。
“你要什么？”
老人朝他看了看。“再来杯白兰地，”他说。
“你会喝醉的，”侍者说。老人朝他看了一看。侍者走开了。
“他会通宵待在这里，”他对他的同事说。“我这会儿真想睡。我从来没有在三点钟以前睡觉过。他应该在上星期就自杀了。”
侍者从餐馆里的柜台上拿了一瓶白兰地和另一个茶托，大步走了出来，送到老人桌上。他放下茶托，把杯子倒满了白兰地。
“你应该在上星期就自杀了，”他对那个聋子说。老人把手指一晃。“再加一点，”他说。侍者又往杯子里倒酒，酒溢了出来，顺着高脚杯的脚流进了一叠茶托的第一只茶托。“谢谢你，”老人说。侍者把酒瓶拿回到餐馆去。他又同他的同事坐在桌旁。
“他这会儿喝醉了，”他说。
“他每天晚上都喝醉。”
“他干吗要自杀呀？”
“我怎么知道。”
“他上次是怎样自杀的？”
“他用绳子上吊。”
“谁把他放下来的？”
“他侄女。”
“干吗要把他放下来？”
“为他的灵魂担忧。”
“他有多少钱？”
“他有很多钱。”
“他准有八十岁喽。”
“不管怎样，我算准他有八十岁。”
“我真希望他回家去。我从来没有在三点钟以前睡觉过。那是个什么样的睡觉时间呀？”
“他因为不喜欢睡觉所以才不睡觉。”
“他孤孤单单。我可不孤单。我有个老婆在床上等着我呢。”
“他从前也有过老婆。”
“这会儿有老婆对他可没好处。”
“话可不能这么说。他有老婆也许会好些。”
“他侄女会照料他。你刚才说是她把他放下来的。”
“我知道。”
“我才不要活得那么老。老人邋里邋遢。”
“不一定都是这样。这个老人干干净净。他喝起酒来并不滴滴答答往外漏。哪怕这会儿喝醉了。你瞧他。”
“我才不想瞧他。我希望他回家去。他并不关心那些非干活不可的人。”
那老人从酒杯上抬起头来望望广场，又望望那两个侍者。
“再来杯白兰地，”他指着杯子说。那个侍者急忙地跑了过去。
“没啦，”他不顾什么句法地说，蠢汉在对醉汉或外国人说话时就这么说法。“今晚上没啦。打烊啦。”
“再来一杯，”那老人说。
“不，没啦，”侍者一边拿块毛巾揩揩桌沿，一边摇摇头。
老人站了起来，慢慢地数着茶托，从口袋里摸出一只装硬币的皮夹子来，付了酒账，又放下半个比塞塔作小账。
那个侍者瞅着他顺着大街走去，这个年纪很大的人走起路来，虽然脚步不挺稳，却很有神气。
[知识积累]
1．keep
watch
on
注意
2．in
despair绝望地
3．march
out
to
出发去……
4．have
no
regard
for
不尊重；不重视
[文化链接]
《一个干净明亮的地方》内容概要
短篇小说《一个干净明亮的地方》所描述的是一位
老人和两位侍者的故事，其中老人这一人物形象看似微不足道，但从他自杀和饮酒的两种选择行为来分析，他是个展现了重压之下的优雅风度和精神不败的尊严感的海明威式主人公。两位侍者之间的对话引出了“虚无”这一主题，表明“虚无是对存在的体验，人类只有在内心保持一片干净明亮的地方才能抵御虚无”。
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