Unit
5
Travelling
abroad
我们出境旅游不仅仅是为参观旅游景点，而是为了从旅行经历中学到各种知识，而这些知识将帮助我们形成关于世界的正确概念和观点。
Nowadays
more
and
more
people
are
travelling
abroad.
What
do
they
travel
abroad
for?
According
to
the
latest
news,
some
people
travel
abroad
to
buy
a
large
number
of
expensive
foreign
goods.
But
is
shopping
the
meaning
of
travelling?
Of
course
not.
Actually
we
travel
not
only
to
visit
the
tourist
attractions,
but
also
to
learn
a
variety
of
knowledge
from
our
travelling
experiences，which
will
help
us
form
correct
concepts
and
opinions
about
the
world.
This
is
the
true
meaning
of
travelling.
So,
when
we
travel
abroad,
we
can
experience
foreign
customs
and
traditions
typical
to
the
regions.
Travelling
broadens
our
view，and
at
the
same
time
makes
us
realize
that
there
are
various
traditions
co?existing
in
the
world.
Every
tradition
is
unique
and
equal,
even
though
some
of
them
may
be
quite
different
from
ours.
So
we
learn
that
we
should
do
as
the
Romans
do
when
in
Rome，and
we
shouldrespect
each
tradition.
Of
course，we
can
learn
a
lot
more
from
travelling
abroad
besides
customs
and
traditions.
Today
more
and
more
students
are
travelling
abroad
for
further
study.
Perhaps
from
those
overseas
students,
we
can
get
a
better
understanding
of
what
we
can
learn
from
travelling
abroad.
[阅读障碍词]
1．concept
n．
观念；思想
2．co?exist
vi.
和平共处
3．overseas
adv.
在海外，在国外
adj.
海外的，国外的
[诱思导读]
阅读短文内容，回答以下问题。
1．What
can
we
learn
from
the
text?
A．Knowledge
comes
from
travelling.
B．Travelling
abroad
can
help
us
know
the
world.
C．Do
in
Rome
as
the
Romans
do.
D．What
can
broaden
our
view
matters.
2．Which
country
would
you
go
to
if
you
had
a
chance
to
go
travelling
abroad?
Why?
[答案] 1.B 2.略
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.qualification
A．n.准备；预备
( )2.preparation
B．n.舒适；安慰
vt.安慰
( )3.recommend
C．vt.推荐；建议
( )4.comfort
D．n.资格；资历
( )5.substitute
E．n.需要；要求
( )6.requirement
F．n.祖国
( )7.motherland
G．n.代替者；代用品vt.用……代
替……
( )8.acknowledge
H．vt.占用；占领；占据
( )9.contradict
I．vt.承认；确认；答谢
( )10.occupy
J．vt.反驳；驳斥
[答案] 1－5 DACBG 6－10 EFIJH
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．忙于 B．就我而言 C．适应 D．继续干下去 E．相适应；相融合 F．习惯于
( )1.Astronauts
in
the
space
must
adjust
toweightlessness.
( )2.After
giving
birth
to
a
baby，she
is
occupied
with
it
every
day.
( )3.I've
been
working
twelve
hours
a
day，but
I
shall
not
be
able
to
keep
it
up.
( )4.As
far
as
I'm
concerned，you
should
come
back
after
you
finish
your
study
abroad.
( )5.He
has
got
used
to
living
in
the
remote
mountainous
village
without
any
modern
conveniences.
( )6.He
will
work
in
a
new
company；I'm
not
sure
whether
he'll
fit
in
with
his
new
workmates.
[答案] 1－6 CADBFE
KEEP
IT
UP，XIE
LEI
Chinese
student
fitting
in
well
Six
months
ago
Xie
Lei
said
goodbye
to①
her
family
and
friends
in
China
and
boarded
a
plane
for
London.
It
was
the
first
time
she
had
ever
left
her
motherland.
“After
getting
my
visa(签证)
I
was
very
excited
because
I
had
dreamed
of
this
day
for
so
long.
But
I
was
also
very
nervous
as
I
didn't
know
what
to
expect②，”
Xie
Lei
told
me
when
I
saw
her
waiting
in
a
queue(排队)
at
the
student
cafeteria(自助餐厅)
between
lectures.
谢蕾，再接再厉
中国学生适应能力强
六个月之前谢蕾告别了她在中国的家人和朋友，登上了前往伦敦的飞机。这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。课间休息时，我看见她在学生自助餐厅排队，谢蕾告诉我说：“拿到我的签证后我很激动，因为很久以前我就梦想着能有这么一天。但是我又非常紧张，因为我不知道我所期望的是什么。”
[助读讲解] ①say
goodbye
to和……说再见。②what
to
expect在句中作know的宾语。
Xie
Lei,
who
is
21
years
old,
has
come
to
our
university
to
study
for
a
business
qualification.
She
is
halfway
through
the
preparation
year,
which
most
foreign
students
complete
before
applying
for③
a
degree
course④.
Xie
Lei
highly
recommends
it.
“The
preparation
course
is
most
beneficial(有益的)，”
she
said.
“Studying
here
is
quite
different
from
studying
in
China,
so
you
need
some
preparation
first.”
谢蕾，今年21岁，来我们大学学习，期望获得工商管理资格证书。大多数外籍学生在申请学位课程学习之前都要学一年预科，而谢蕾已经读完半年了。谢蕾极力推荐这门课程。她说：“预科课程非常有益。在这儿学习和在中国学习是非常不同的，因此你需要事前做些准备。”
[助读讲解] ③apply
for申请。④which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the
preparation
year。
“It's
not
just
study
that's
difficult⑥.
You
have
to
get
used
to
a
whole
new
way
of
life,
which
can
take
up⑦
all
your
concentration
in
the
beginning，”
explained
Xie
Lei,
who
had
lived
all
her
life
in
the
same
city
in
China.
She
told
me
that
she
had
had
to
learn
almost
everything
again.
“Sometimes
I
felt
like
a
child，”
she
said.
“I
had
to
learn
how
to
use
the
phone,
how
to
pay
bus
fare,
and
how
to
ask
a
shopkeeper(店主)
for
things
I
didn't
know
the
English
for.
When
I
got
lost
and
had
to
ask
a
passer?by
for
directions,
I
didn't
always
understand.
They
don't
talk
like⑧
they
do
on
our
listening
tapes，”
she
said,
laughing.
“困难不仅仅是在学习方面，你得适应一种全新的生活方式，在一开始的时候这就会占去你的全部精力，”谢蕾解释说。她在中国时一直居住在同一座城市。她告诉我，几乎每件事她都得重新学习。她说：“有时候我觉得像个小孩儿似的。我得学习如何使用电话，如何付公交车费，在商店买东西时，如果不知道商品的英文名字，要怎样问店主。当我迷路不得不向过路的行人问路时，时常听不懂他们说的话。他们说的话不像我们在听力磁带上听到的那样，”她笑着说。
[助读讲解] ⑥It's...that...是强调句，强调主语not
just
study。⑦take
up占用(时间、空间)，继续，开始做。⑧like用作连词，引导方式状语从句，相当于as。
Xie
Lei
lives
with
a
host
family
who
give
her
lots
of
good
advice.
Although
some
foreign
students
live
in
student
accommodation
or
apartments,
some
choose
to
board
with⑨
English
families.Living
with
host
families,
in
which
there
may
be
other
college
students⑩，
gives
her
the
chance
to
learn
more
about
the
new
culture.
“When
I
hear
an
idiom(习语)
that
I
don't
understand,
I
can
ask
my
host
family
for
help，”
explains
Xie
Lei.
“Also,
when
I
miss
my
family,
it's
a
great
comfort
to
have
a
substitute
family
to
be
with.”
谢蕾同房东一家人住在一起，他们给了她许多好的建议。虽然有些外国学生住学生宿舍或公寓房，但有些学生却选择寄宿在英国人家里。房东家也许会住着其他大学生，跟这样的家庭住在一起给她提供了机会更好地了解新文化。“当我听到一个我不理解的习语时，我就可以向我房东家里的人请教，”谢蕾解释说。“还有，当我想家时，还有一个像家一样的地方，和他们在一起给了我很大的安慰。”
[助读讲解] ⑨board
with和……搭伙。⑩动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，in
which引导非限制性定语从句可换成where。
Xie
Lei's
preparation
course
is
helping
her
to
get
used
to
the
academic(学术的)
requirements
of
a
Western
university.
“I
remember
the
first
essay(文章)
I
did
for
my
tutor(导师)，”
she
told
me.
“I
found
an
article
on
the
Internet
that
seemed
to
have
exactly
the
information
I
needed.
So
I
made
a
summary
of
the
article,
revised(修正)
my
draft(草稿)
and
handed
the
essay
in?.I
thought
I
would
get
a
really
good
mark
but
I
got
an
E.
I
was
numb(失去知觉的)
with
shock!
So
I
went
to
my
tutor
to
ask
the
reason
for
his
revision.
First
of
all,
he
told
me,
I
couldn't
write
what
other
people
had
said
without
acknowledging
them.
Besides,
as
far
as
he
was
concerned,
what
other
people
thought?
was
not
the
most
important
thing.
He
wanted
to
know
what
I
thought,
which
confused
me
because
I
thought
that
the
author
of
the
article
knew
far?
more
than
I
did.
My
tutor
explained
that
I
should
read
lots
of
different
texts
that
contain
different
opinions
and
analyse
what
I
read.
Then,
in
my
essay,
I
should
give
my
own
opinion
and
explain
it
by
referring
to
other
authors.
Finally
he
even
encouraged
me
to
contradict
the
authors
I'd
read!
At
first
I
lacked
confidence,
but
now
I'm
beginning
to
get
the
idea
and
my
marks
have
improved.
More
importantly,
I
am
now
a
more
autonomous(自主的)
learner.”
谢蕾的预科课程帮助她熟悉了西方大学在学术方面的要求。她告诉我说：“我记得我交给导师的第一篇论文。我在网上找到一篇文章，看起来正是我所需要的信息。于是我根据那篇文章写了一篇摘要，修改完我的草稿后，把这篇论文交了上去。我以为我会得到高分，结果只得了一个E。我惊呆了！于是我去找我的导师问他修改的原因。他告诉我，首先，我不能把别人的话写下来而不表示感谢。此外，他认为，别人的想法并不是最重要的事情。他想要知道我所想的是什么，这倒把我弄糊涂了，因为我认为该文章的作者所知道的比我多得多。我的导师给我解释说，我应该阅读大量的、有不同观点的文章，并对我所阅读的文章进行分析。然后，在我的论文中，我应该给出我自己的观点，并且引用别的作者的观点来解释它。最后，他甚至鼓励我驳斥我读过的作者！起初，我缺乏信心，而现在我开始懂得了这个道理，并且我的分数已经提高了。更重要的是，我现在是一个更自主的学习者。”
[助读讲解] ?hand
in上交。?what引导主语从句，作thought的宾语。?far为程度副词，表示“远远”，修饰形容词或副词的比较级。
Xie
Lei
told
me
that
she
feels
much
more
at
home?
in
England
now,
and
what
had
seemed
very
strange
before
now
appears
quite
normal?.
“I've
just
got
one
more
thing
to
achieve.
I
have
been
so
occupied
with
work
that
I
haven't
had
time
for
social
activities.
I
think
it's
important
to
have
a
balance
between
study
and
a
social
life,
so
I'm
going
to
join
a
few
clubs.
Hopefully
I'll
make
some
new
friends.”
We
will
follow
Xie
Lei's
progress
in
later
editions
of
this
newspaper
but
for
now,
we
wish
Xie
Lei
all
the
best?
in
her
new
enterprise(事业).
She
deserves
to
succeed.
谢蕾告诉我，现在她在英国感到自在多了，之前看似很奇怪的事，如今似乎变得相当正常了。“我还有一件事情要完成。我一直忙于学习，以至于没有时间去搞社交活动。我认为在学习与社会生活之间的平衡是很重要的，因此我打算加入一些俱乐部。希望我会交一些新朋友。”
关于谢蕾的进步，我们将在今后几期的报纸中做跟踪报道，但现在，我们衷心祝愿谢蕾学业有成。她是应该取得成功的。
[助读讲解] ?feel
at
home感觉自在，无拘束。?what引导主语从句，谓语是appears。appear在此处是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。?wish
sb.all
the
best祝某人一切顺利。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.速读P38－P39教材课文，选择最佳答案
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．It
talks
about
what
Xie
Lei
experiences
in
the
UK.
B．It
talks
about
why
Xie
Lei
goes
abroad.
C．It
talks
about
what
Chinese
students
can
learn
in
the
UK.
D．It
talks
about
why
Chinese
students
study
abroad.
[答案] A
Ⅱ.速读P38－P39教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．Xie
Lei
is
getting
used
to
the
Western
university's
way
of
learning.
2．Para.2
B．The
newspaper
will
follow
Xie
Lei's
progress
in
later
editions.
3．Para.3
C．The
general
introduction
to
Xie
Lei
and
her
study.
4．Para.4
D．The
advantages
of
living
with
a
host
family.
5．Para.5
E．Xie
Lei，a
Chinese
girl，is
studying
in
London.
6．Para.6
F．The
difficulties
Xie
Lei
met
while
living
in
London.
7．Para.7
G．Xie
Lei
feels
much
more
at
home
in
England
now
and
is
living
an
active
life.
[答案] 1－7 ECFDAGB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P38－P39教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Who
has
helped
Xie
Lei
most
since
she
came
to
England?
A．Her
classmates
and
her
tutor.
B．Her
tutor
and
her
family.
C．Her
host
family
and
her
family.
D．Her
tutor
and
her
host
family.
2．Xie
Lei's
tutor
seemed
dissatisfied
with
her
first
essay
because
．
A．there
were
too
many
mistakes
in
it
B．her
opinions
were
quite
different
from
her
tutor's
C．she
didn't
give
her
own
opinions
at
all
D．her
tutor
couldn't
understand
the
essay
3．How
does
Xie
Lei
try
to
adjust
to
the
new
life
in
England?
A．She
tries
to
avoid
a
feeling
of
homesick.
B．She
tries
to
join
in
a
few
university
clubs
to
share
more
social
activities
and
meet
some
people
she
has
much
in
common
with.
C．She
tries
to
put
her
heart
into
her
preparation
course.
D．She
tries
to
protect
herself
from
the
strange
environment
and
does
nothing
to
make
herself
familiar
with
the
culture.
4．According
to
the
text，we
can
know
that
．
A．idioms
are
not
so
difficult
to
understand
B．all
students
need
one
year
to
prepare
their
majors
C．foreign
tutors
admire
the
autonomous
learners
D．it
is
impossible
that
you
read
it
from
China
Daily
5．What
can
we
learn
from
Xie
Lei
according
to
the
text?
A．She
is
timid
(胆小的)．
B．She
is
brave.
C．She
is
determined.
D．She
is
honest.
[答案] 1－5 DCBCC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P38－P39教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Xie
Lei，a
Chinese
student
1.studying(study)
in
Britain，shared
her
progress
in
both
study
and
life.It
was
the
first
time
she
2.had
left
(leave)
her
motherland.For
study，she
3.highly
(high)
recommended
the
preparation
course
as
it
was
4.beneficial
(benefit)．She
could
remember
the
first
essay
for
5.which
she
got
an
E．When
she
asked
the
reason
for
the
tutor's
6.revision
(revise)，the
tutor
suggested
she
7.acknowledge
(acknowledge)
what
other
people
had
said
and
give
her
own
opinion.In
her
daily
life，living
with
a
host
family，8.in
which
there
may
be
other
college
students，9.gave
(give)
her
the
chance
to
learn
more
about
the
new
culture.Xie
Lei
also
thought
10.it
important
to
join
a
few
clubs.
PAGEUnit
5
Travelling
abroad
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Your
letter
was
a
great
comfort
(安慰)
to
me.
2．He
refused
to
acknowledge
(承认)
being
cheated.
3．He
often
drafts
(起草)
speeches
for
his
headmaster.
4．There
are
several
private
enterprises
(企业)
in
this
area.
5．Before
you
get
the
job，you
need
have
a
kind
of
qualification
(资格)．
6．Can
you
recommend
your
classmate
who
can
take
up
the
job?
7．If
you
can't
find
a
ladder，use
a
strong
chair
as
a
substitute.
8．To
meet
some
customers'
requirements，the
boss
had
to
change
his
plan.
9．He
usually
is
fully
occupied
with
business，so
he
has
little
time
to
play.
10．Professor
Smith
left
the
academic
world，and
has
taken
a
job
in
industry.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．prepare
v．准备→preparation
n．准备；预备
2．require
v．需要；要求→requirement
n．需要；要求
3．acknowledge
vt.承认；确认；答谢→acknowledgement
n．承认
4．occupy
vt.占用；占领；占据→occupation
n．占领；占据
5．qualification
n．资格；资历→qualified
adj.有资格的；合格的；胜任的→qualify
v．(使)具有资格
6．comfort
n．舒适；安慰
vt.安慰→comfortable
adj.舒适的；舒服的→comfortably
adv.舒适地；舒服地
v.＋?ation→名词
v.＋?ed→形容词
accommodation
住宿；调节adaptation
适应civilization
文明
delighted
高兴的；快乐的furnished
配备家具的
puzzled
迷惑的；困惑的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．adjust
to
适应
2．keep
it
up
保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
3．fit
in
相适应；相融和
4．make
preparations
for
为……做准备
5．as
far
as
one
is
concerned
就……而言
6．be
occupied
with
忙着做……；忙于某事物
7．apply
for
申请
8．get
used
to
习惯于……
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．He
doesn't
care
about
examinations
and
never
makes
preparations
for
them.
2．He
wanted
to
stay，but
felt
that
he
wouldn't
fit
in
with
his
workmates.
3．I
am
occupied
with
my
office
work
and
have
hardly
any
time
for
housework.
4．If
only
he
could
keep
it
up，he
would
break
the
world
record.
5．Learning
that
you
are
organizing
this
activity
to
share
books
worldwide，I
am
more
than
happy
to
apply
for
it.
v.＋to→动词短语
v.＋for→动词短语
adapt
to适应amount
to总共达到attend
to专心；照顾；护理
care
for
关怀；照管；愿意head
for
朝……方向走去long
for
渴望
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.It
was
the
first
time
she
had
ever
left
her
motherland.这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。
It's
the
first
time
(that)
...意为“第一次……”，从句用完成时态
It
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
spoken
in
public.这是我第一次在公共场合发言。
2.But
I
was
also
very
nervous
as
I
didn't
know
what
to
expect...但是我又非常紧张，因为我不知道我所期望的是什么……
“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语
Our
teacher
told
us
when
to
have/hold
a
party
hadn't
been
decided.老师告诉我们何时举行晚会还没有决定。
3.Besides，as
far
as
he
was
concerned，what
other
people
thought
was
not
the
most
important
thing.此外，他认为，别人的想法并不是最重要的事情。
as
far
as...be
concerned意为“就……而言”，在句中用作插入语
As
far
as
English
is
concerned，he
is
the
best
in
our
class.就英语来说，他是我们班最优秀的。
4.I
have
been
so
occupied
with
work
that
I
haven't
had
time
for
social
activities.我一直忙于学习，以至于没有时间去搞社交活动。
so...that...引导结果状语从句
The
new
library
is
so
well
equipped
that
many
citizens
can
go
there
to
read
and
borrow
books.新图书馆的设备如此完善，以至于许多市民都可以去那里借阅图书。
keep
it
up
保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
(教材P38)KEEP
IT
UP，XIE
LEI
谢蕾，再接再厉
keep
up
继续下去；坚持下去；(情况)持续；
保持
keep
up
with
跟上
keep
back
扣住；留下；隐瞒不讲
keep
out
挡住；使不进去
keep
to
信守；坚持；坚守；不违背(诺言、计
划等)
①Facing
difficulties，they
are
not
discouraged
but
keep
their
spirits
up.
面对困难，他们没有气馁，而是继续保持斗志。
②The
doctor
thought
the
girl's
illness
should
be
kept
back
from
her
because
it
was
cancer.
医生认为不能把病情告诉这个女孩，因为她得了癌症。
③Keep
it
up
and
you
will
succeed
in
time.
保持下去，最终你会成功的。
④We
can
keep
up
with
other
companies
if
we
keep
to
the
plan.
如果我们都能坚持计划，就能赶上其他公司。
[名师点津]
keep
it
up
中的it并不表示具体意义，只是用于构成固定短语。类似的短语还有：make
it(成功；到场；活下来)；get
it(明白；理解；罪有应得)；take
it
easy(别紧张)；as
sb.put
it(正如某人所说)等。
fit
in
相适应；相融合
(教材P38)Chinese
student
fitting
in
well
中国学生适应能力强
(1)fit
into
与……相适应；与……融为一体
fit
in
with
与……合得来；适应
(2)be
fit
for
胜任；适合(其中的fit为形容词)
be
fit
to
do
sth.
适合做某事
keep
fit
保持健康
①We
should
fit
in
with
the
times.＝
We
should
keep
up
with
the
times.
我们应该与时俱进。
②The
house
fits
into
the
scenery
so
well
that
you
can
hardly
see
it.
这个房子与这儿的风景浑然一体，几乎都看不出来。
③He's
never
done
this
type
of
work
before；I'm
not
sure
whether
he'll
fit
in．
他以前从未做过这种工作，我不知道他是否能配合好。
④She
seldom
communicates
with
others
so
she
doesn't
fit
in
with
the
class.
她很少与其他人交流，因此她没融入班级。
preparation
n．准备，预备
(教材P38)She
is
halfway
through
the
preparation
year，which
most
foreign
students
complete
before
applying
for
a
degree
course.
大多数外籍学生在申请学位课程学习之前都要学一年预科，而谢蕾已经读完半年了。
(1)make
preparations
for...
为……做准备(强调动作)
in
preparation
for
作为……的准备
(2)prepare
v.
准备
prepare
sth.
准备某事
prepare
for
sth.
为……做准备
be
prepared
for
sth.
为某事做好准备(表示状态)
①The
students
are
making
preparations
for
the
coming
examinations.
学生们正在为即将到来的考试做准备。
②They
are
practising
every
day
to
prepare
for/in
preparation
for
the
coming
lecture
competition.
为备战即将到来的演讲比赛，他们每天都在练习。
③With
everything
prepared
(prepare)
well,
he
believed
he
could
succeed.
一切都准备好了，他相信他会成功的。
[语境助记]
I
am
preparing
to
go
abroad
to
study,
so
I
am
attending
a
course
which
prepares
the
students
for
TOEFL.
To
tell
the
truth,
the
teacher
doesn't
make
good
preparations
for
his
lessons.
I
have
no
choice
but
to
prepare
for
the
test
by
myself.
我正在为出国留学做准备，所以我参加了一门课程，这门课程是为那些参加托福考试的学生而准备的。说实话，老师没有好好备课。我除了自己准备考试外别无选择。
recommend
vt.推荐；建议
(教材P38)Xie
Lei
highly
recommends
it.
谢蕾极力推荐这门课程。
(1)recommend
sb./sth.to
sb.＝recommend
sb.sth.
向某人推荐……
recommend
sb.for
推荐某人做(某职位)
recommend
sb.as
推荐某人为……
recommend
sb.to
do
sth.
建议某人做某事
recommend
doing
sth.
建议做某事
recommend
＋
that...
建议……(从句中谓语动词用
“(should＋)动词原形”)
(2)recommendation
n.
推荐；介绍信
①I
highly
recommended
her
as
your
secretary.＝
I
highly
recommended
her
to
you
for
the
position
of
secretary.
我强烈推荐她当你的秘书。
②I
recommend
you
to
think
(think)
very
carefully
before
you
do
anything
foolish.
我劝你在做出蠢事之前先仔细考虑一下。
③He
recommended
reading
(read)
the
book
before
seeing
the
movie.
他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。
④The
teacher
recommended
that
everyone
(should)
take
(take)
an
active
part
in
the
English
party.
老师建议每一个人都应积极参加英语晚会。
(教材P38)Also，when
I
miss
my
family，it's
a
great
comfort
to
have
a
substitute
family
to
be
with.
还有，当我想家时，还有一个像家一样的地方，和他们在一起给了我很大的安慰。
(1)comfort
n.
舒适；安慰vt.安慰
(1)in
comfort
舒适地；放松地
be
a
comfort
to
sb.
对某人来说是个安慰
It's
a
comfort
to
do
sth.
做……是令人安慰的事
(2)comfort
sb.＝give
comfort
to
sb.
安慰某人
(3)comfortable
adj.
舒服的；安逸的
(4)comfortably
adv.
舒适地
(5)uncomfortable
adj.
不舒适的
①He
had
to
save
enough
money
so
that
he
could
live
comfortably/in
comfort.
他得存足够的钱，以便能过上舒适的生活。
②My
mom
always
comforts
me
when
I
am
sick.＝
My
mom
always
gives
comfort
to
me
when
I
am
sick.
在我生病时，妈妈总是给我以安慰。
③It's
a
comfort
to
me
to
know
(know)
that
she
is
safe.
知道她安然无恙我感到宽慰。
④A
hot
cup
of
milk
on
a
cold
night
is
a
real
comfort.
在寒冷的夜晚喝杯热牛奶真舒服。
[名师点津]
comfort作“舒适；安慰”讲时，为不可数名词，但作“令人安慰的人或事物”讲时，则是可数名词，前面常出现不定冠词a。类似的还有：success，failure，surprise，joy等；但fun例外，虽然也可指具体的人或事，但它是不可数名词。
[语境助记]
To
live
a
comfortable
life，he
went
to
city
to
find
a
job.It
is
a
comfort
that
he
earned
a
lot
of
money
and
realized
his
dream.
为了过舒适的生活，他去城市找了份工作。令人欣慰的是，他挣了许多钱，实现了他的梦想。
(2)substitute
n．代替者；代用品
vt.用……代替……
vi.代替
(1)a
substitute
for
sth.
某物的代替者/替代品
as
a
substitute
作为代替者/替代品
(2)substitute
A
for
B＝substitute
B
with/by
A
用A代替B
substitute
for
代替……
⑤The
manager
has
to
find
a
substitute
for
Tim.
经理不得不找个人来代替蒂姆。
⑥The
mayor
was
unable
to
attend
the
meeting
but
he
sent
his
secretary
as
a
substitute.
市长不能出席会议，但他派了秘书来代替他。
⑦Nothing
can
substitute
for
the
advice
your
doctor
is
able
to
give
you.
你的医生所能给你的忠告是无可替代的。
⑧I
can
substitute
milk
for
cream.＝I
can
substitute
cream
with/by
milk.
我可以用牛奶代替奶油。
requirement
n．[C]需求；要求
(教材P38)Xie
Lei's
preparation
course
is
helping
her
to
get
used
to
the
academic
requirements
of
a
Western
university.
谢蕾的预科课程帮助她熟悉了西方大学在学术方面的要求。
(1)meet/satisfy
(one's)
requirements
满足(某人的)要求
(2)require
vt.
要求；请求；需要
require
sth.of
sb.
要求某人某事
require
sb.to
do
sth.
要求某人做某事
require
that
sb.(should)
do...
要求某人做某事
require
doing/to
be
done
需要……
①Pilots
and
their
aircrafts
must
meet
strict
safety
requirements.
飞行员和飞机必须符合严格的安全要求。
②Do
you
know
the
requirement
that
every
applicant
(should)
have
a
medical
examination?
你知道所有的申请者要进行体检这条规定吗？
③The
situation
required
us
to
make
(make)
an
immediate
decision.＝The
situation
required
that
we
(should)
make
(make)
an
immediate
decision.
这种情况需要我们立刻做出决定。
④These
trees
are
so
young
that
they
require
looking/to
be
looked
(look)
after
carefully.
这些树太小了，它们需要细心照料。
[名师点津]
(1)require作“需要”讲，且句子主语为物时，后可跟v.?ing的主动形式表示被动或用不定式的被动形式to
be
done，这类用法的动词还有：need，want，deserve等。
(2)require及requirement后所接的名词性从句中常用虚拟语气即“(should＋)动词原形”。
[语境助记]
The
organizer
required
that
we
should
try
hard
to
meet
the
requirements
made
by
the
organization.
组织者要求我们努力来满足组织制定的要求。
acknowledge
vt.
承认；确认；答谢
(教材P38)First
of
all，he
told
me，I
couldn't
write
what
other
people
had
said
without
acknowledging
them.
他告诉我，首先，我不能把别人的话写下来而不表示感谢。
(1)acknowledge
(doing/having
done)
sth.
承认(做了)某事
acknowledge
sb./sth.to
be/as
承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge
that...
承认……
It's
generally/universally
acknowledged
that...
大家公认……
(2)acknowledgement
n.
承认；感谢；谢礼
①She
is
acknowledged
as/to
be
one
of
the
best
singers
in
the
world.
她被认为是世界上最好的歌唱家之一。
②With
no
solid
evidence，he
refused
to
acknowledge
stealing/having
stolen
(steal)
the
lady's
purse.
没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱。
③People
widely
acknowledge
that
students
should
be
evaluated
in
terms
of
overall
quality.＝It
is
widely
acknowledged
(acknowledge)
that
students
should
be
evaluated
in
terms
of
overall
quality.
人们普遍认为应该依据整体素质来评价学生。
④We
send
them
some
money
in
acknowledgement(acknowledge)
of
their
timely
help.
我们送给他们一些钱来感谢他们及时的帮助。
[语境助记]
They
acknowledged
him
to
be
their
master，and
their
acknowledgement
made
him
happy.
他们承认他是他们的主人，他们的承认让他很高兴。
occupy
vt.
占用；占领；占据
(教材P39)I
have
been
so
occupied
with
work
that
I
haven't
had
time
for
social
activities.
我一直忙于学习，以至于没有时间去搞社交活动。
(1)be
occupied
in
doing
sth./with
sth.
忙于做某事
occupy
oneself
with
sth./in
doing
sth.
忙于某事；专心于某事
keep
sb.occupied
使某人忙碌
(2)occupation
n.
占用；职业
①Occupied
with
his
homework，he
can't
go
out
to
play
football.
忙于做作业，他不能出去踢足球。
②She
needs
things
to
keep
her
occupied
so
she
doesn't
get
into
trouble.
她需要事情来使她忙起来，这样她就不会陷入麻烦了。
③When
I
came
in，the
boy
was
occupied
(in)
doing
(do)
his
homework.＝When
I
came
in，the
boy
was
occupied
with
his
homework.
我进来时，那个男孩正忙着做作业。
[语境助记]
One
of
his
occupations
is
fishing，which
occupies
most
of
his
spare
time，and
his
wife
often
reminds
him
to
be
occupied
with
his
work.
他的业余活动之一是钓鱼，这占用了他大部分的业余时间，他的妻子经常提醒他要专注于他的工作。
(教材P38)It
was
the
first
time
she
had
ever
left
her
motherland.
这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。
【要点提炼】 本句使用了句型It/This/That
is/was＋序数词＋time
(that)．..“某人第……次做……”。若主句使用is，从句谓语动词要用现在完成时；若主句使用was，则从句谓语动词要用过去完成时。即：is与has/have
done对应；was与had
done对应。
(1)It's
time
for
sth.
该是(做)……的时候了
(2)It's
time
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
该是(某人)干……的时候了
(3)It's
(high/about)
time
(that)
sb.＋
did/should
do
sth.
该是干……的时候了
(4)It
was
a
time
when...
那是……的时期
(5)the
first/second/last
time＋从句
第一次/第二次/最后一次……(引导时
间状语从句)
①It's
(high/about)
time
that
we
did/should
do
something
to
stop
pollution.
是我们该做些什么制止污染的时候了。
②It
was
a
time
when
women
could
not
learn
medicine
and
work
as
a
doctor.
那个时期妇女不能学医，当医生。
③The
teacher
criticized
him，because
it
was
the
second
time
that
he
had
made
(make)
the
same
mistake.
老师批评了他，因为这是他第二次犯同样的错误。
④It
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
won
(win)
the
prize.
这是我第一次获奖。
⑤I
thought
her
nice
and
honest
the
first
time
I
saw
her.
我第一次见到她就认为她非常善良、诚实。
(教材P38)Besides，as
far
as
he
was
concerned，what
other
people
thought
was
not
the
most
important
thing.
此外，他认为，别人的想法并不是最重要的事情。
【要点提炼】 as
far
as
one
is
concerned意为“就某人而言；依某人看来”，在句中用作插入语。
其他类似的结构还有：
as
far
as
I
can
see
依我看
as
far
as
I
know
就我所知
as
far
as
the
eye
can
see
就视力所能及
as
far
as
one
can/could
尽……所能
①As
far
as
we're
concerned，you
can
go
whenever
you
want.
就我们而言，你们随时想走都可以走。
②I
do
not
mind
where
you
go，as
long
as
you
are
back
before
midnight.
只要你在午夜之前回来，你去哪儿都行。
③As
far
as
I
know，more
than
10
million
laid?off
workers
have
found
their
new
jobs.
就我所知，一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。
1．(教材P38)I
had
to
learn
how
to
use
the
phone，how
to
pay
bus
fare，and
how
to
ask
a
shopkeeper
for
things
I
didn't
know
the
English
for.
【分析】 主句的谓语动词learn后接了三个并列的“how＋不定式”结构作宾语；I
didn't
know
the
English
for为定语从句，修饰先行词things，省略了作宾语的关系代词that或which。
【翻译】 我得学习如何使用电话，如何付公交车费，在商店买东西时，如果不知道商品的英文名字，要怎样问店主。
2．(教材P38)Also，when
I
miss
my
family，it's
a
great
comfort
to
have
a
substitute
family
to
be
with.
【分析】 句中when引导的是一个时间状语从句；在主句中，it是形式主语，不定式短语to
have
a
substitute
family
to
be
with才是真正的主语，其中不定式短语to
be
with作定语，修饰a
substitute
family。
【翻译】 还有，当我想家时，还有一个像家一样的地方，和他们在一起给了我很大的安慰。
3．(教材P39)Xie
Lei
told
me
that
she
feels
much
more
at
home
in
England
now，and
what
had
seemed
very
strange
before
now
appears
quite
normal.
【分析】 句中主句谓语动词told后接了两个由and连接的宾语从句；第二个宾语从句中又包含一个what引导的主语从句，且what在主语从句中作主语。
【翻译】 谢蕾告诉我，现在她在英国感到自在多了，之前看似很奇怪的事，如今似乎变得相当正常了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Were
it
not
for
science，we
could
not
live
a
comfortable
(comfort)
life.
2．It
is
strongly
recommended
that
the
machine
(should)
be
checked
(check)
every
year.
3．Occupying
(occupy)
herself
with
routine
office
tasks，she
had
no
time
to
attend
to
her
children.
4．He
recommended
wearing
(wear)
safety
equipment
before
entering
the
room.
5．To
the
delight
of
the
headmaster，the
young
teacher
had
all
the
qualifications
(qualify)
she
hoped
for.
6．People
in
this
city
have
substituted
(substitute)
coal
with
gas
for
the
purpose
of
cooking
so
far.
7．His
brother
is
making
preparations
(prepare)
for
the
sports
meeting.
8．A
lot
of
our
new
students
have
a
hard
time
to
fit
in．
9．We
have
made
full
preparations
to
meet
the
requirements
(require)
of
our
clients.
10．It
was
the
second
time
that
he
had
denied
(deny)
that
he
knew
me.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．导游建议我们在这个景点再待一天好好游玩一下。
The
tourist
guide
recommended
that
we
(should)
stay
another
day
at
the
attraction
for
a
good
visit.(stay)
2．大家公认瑞士是个美丽的国家。
It
is
universally/generally
acknowledged
that
Switzerland
is
a
beautiful
country.(acknowledge)
3．那是他最后一次参加奥运会吗？
Was
it
the
last
time
that
he
had
taken
part
in
the
Olympic
Games？(take
part
in)
4．就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么。
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
you
can
do
what
you
like.(concern)
5．我一直如此忙于工作，以至于没有时间去参加社会活动。
I
have
been
so
occupied
with
work
that
I
haven't
had
time
for
social
activities.(occupy)
PAGEUnit
5
Travelling
abroad
非限制性定语从句
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.Xie
Lei，who
is
21
years
old，has
come
to
our
university
to
study
for
a
business
qualification.2.Living
with
host
families，in
which
there
may
be
other
college
students，gives
her
the
chance
to
learn
more
about
the
new
culture.3.She
is
halfway
through
the
preparation
year，which
most
foreign
students
complete
before
applying
for
a
degree
course.4.“You
have
to
get
used
to
a
whole
new
way
of
life，which
can
take
up
all
your
concentration
in
the
beginning，”
explained
Xie
Lei，who
had
lived
all
her
life
in
the
same
city
in
China.
1.所有例句中的黑体部分都是非限制性定语从句，其标志为从句与主句之间用逗号隔开。位置可以置于主句之中(如例句1、2)，也可以置于主句之后(如例句3、4)。2.例句1中先行词为Xie
Lei，指人，在从句中作主语，故用who引导。3.例句2中先行词为host
families，指物，在从句中作介词in
的宾语，故用in
which引导。4.例句3中先行词为the
preparation
year，指物，在从句中作动词complete的宾语，故用which引导。5.例句4中which指代整个主句的内容；who指代先行词Xie
Lei。
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
意义
起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整
仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整
结构要求
紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号
用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能
修饰先行词
修饰先行词或整个主句
引导词
所有的关系代词及副词
关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外
省略情况
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去
非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省去
译法
翻译成先行词的定语，“……的”
通常翻译成主句的并列句
We
visited
the
school
where
we
studied
two
years
ago.
(限制性定语从句，起限定作用)
我们参观了两年前在那儿上学的学校。
The
house，which
we
bought
last
month，lies
in
the
centre
of
the
city.
那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子)
The
house
which/that
we
bought
last
month
lies
in
the
centre
of
the
city.
我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心。(限制性定语从句，暗含“可能有若干套房子”之意)
[即时训练1] 用适当的关系词填空
①His
mother，who
loves
him
very
much，is
strict
with
him.
②Dorothy
was
always
speaking
highly
of
her
role
in
the
play，which，of
course，made
the
others
unhappy.
二、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题
1．非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
I
am
fond
of
the
novel，which
you
bought
for
me.
我喜欢那本小说，就是你给我买的那本。
2．非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for
which代替why。
I
have
told
him
the
reason，for
which
I
missed
the
early
bus.
我没能赶上早班车，我已经告诉了他原因。
3．非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He
is
shallow，which
is
known
to
us
all
in
our
company.(先行词为主句的内容)
他很肤浅，我们公司的人都知道。
[即时训练2] 用适当的关系词填空
①Wang
Fang
passed
her
exam，which
surprised
me
a
great
deal.
②The
reason，for
which
he
was
absent
from
the
meeting，wasn't
given.
三、as，which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
关系词
as
which
指代
指代整个主句所表达的内容
既可指代整个主句所表达的内容，又可指代主句的一部分
位置
可位于主句之前、之中或之后
引导的从句不能位于主句之前
意义
常用来表示说话人对于某事的态度、解释或评论等，含有“正如……”的意思
一般表示某事的状况或结果，含有“这，那”的意思
As
we
know，light
travels
faster
than
sound.
＝Light，as
we
know，travels
faster
than
sound.
＝Light
travels
faster
than
sound，as
we
know.
正如我们所知，光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快。
Smoking
is
harmful
to
one's
health，as
is
known
to
all.
吸烟有害健康，这一点是众所周知的。
My
parents
often
treat
me
as
a
baby，which
I
can't
bear.
父母常常把我当小孩看待，这是我难以忍受的。
[名师点津]
as常用在一些固定结构中。
as
is
said
above
如上所述
as
is
known
to
all
众所周知
as
has
been
said
before
如前所说
as
is
often
the
case
情况常常如此
as
has
been
pointed
out
正如已经指出的那样
as
often
happens
这种情况常常发生
as
is
already
mentioned
above
就跟上边所提到的那样
as
you
can
see
就跟你看到的那样
[即时训练3] 用适当的关系词填空
①There
is
no
simple
answer，as
is
often
the
case
in
science.
②Until
now，we
have
raised
50，000
pounds
for
the
poor
children，which
is
quite
unexpected.
四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不可以用that；关系代词在从句中作定语时用whose。from
where也可以引导定语从句。
He
came
to
a
farm，on
which
he
finally
settled.
他来到一个农场，最终在那里定居。
He
has
two
sons，both
of
whom
are
doctors.
他有两个儿子，都是医生。
The
family，at
whose
house
I
stayed，are
friends
of
my
father's.
那家人是我父亲的朋友，我在他们家住过。
We
stood
at
the
top
of
the
hill，from
where
we
can
see
the
whole
town.
我们站在山顶上，从那里可以看到整个城镇。
[名师点津]
介词的选择
(1)根据与从句中的动词、形容词或名词所构成的固定短语来确定。
(2)根据与先行词的搭配来确定。
(3)根据整个句意来确定。
[即时训练4] 用适当的关系词填空
①With
the
fast
development
of
agriculture，the
people，in
whose
village
she
taught
10
years
ago，have
lived
a
happy
life.
②The
police
arrived，after
which
the
situation
became
calmer.
③Soon
after
getting
off
his
horse，the
captain
appeared
at
the
second
storey
windows，from
where
he
could
see
nothing
but
trees.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As
is
known
to
everybody，the
moon
is
smaller
than
the
earth.
2．I
didn't
become
a
serious
climber
until
the
fifth
grade，when
I
went
up
to
rescue
a
kite
that
was
stuck
in
the
branches
of
a
tree.
3．He
was
eager
to
go
to
the
hospital
to
see
his
stepmother，whom
he
loved
and
respected
as
his
own
mother.
4．He
has
passed
the
college
entrance
examination，which
makes
his
parents
quite
happy.
5．The
glasses，without
which
he
was
like
a
blind
man，were
broken.
6．Mo
Yan，most
of
whose
novels
have
been
adapted
for
films，is
now
a
world?famous
writer.
7．The
living
standard
of
the
people
in
China，as
is
shown
in
the
report，has
improved
over
the
past
decades.
8．English
is
a
language
shared
by
several
diverse
cultures，each
of
which
uses
it
differently.
9．You
will
have
to
wait
for
one
more
week，when
the
manager
will
be
back
from
his
trip.
10．We
walked
down
the
village
street，where
people
were
having
a
market
day.
Ⅱ.用非限制性定语从句完成句子
1．众所周知，月亮每月绕地球转一周。
As
is
known
to
all/everybody，the
moon
travels
round
the
earth
once
every
month.(as)
2．昨天她买了些布，她打算用这些布做一件裙子。
She
bought
some
cloth
yesterday，with
which
she
was
going
to
make
a
dress.(with)
3．他们住在一个高楼里，在楼的前面矗立着一棵大树。
They
lived
in
a
tall
building，in
front
of
which
stood
a
big
tree.(stand)
4．让我们为我们的约会定个日期，届时我们将谈论这件事。
Let's
fix
the
date
for
our
appointment，when
we
will
discuss
the
matter.(discuss)
5．这群人共有60人，其中一半的人是工人。
There
are
60
people
in
the
group，half
of
whom
are
workers.(whom)
PAGEUnit
5
Travelling
abroad
(教师用书独具)
Peru
Peru
is
a
country
on
the
Pacific
coast
of①
South
America.
It
has
three
main
geographical[地理(学)的]
areas:
a
narrow
coastal
belt;
the
Andes
Mountains②
running
parallel(平行的)
to
the
coast;
and
high,
flat
plains
in
the
southeast.
In
the
high
plains
area
is
Lake
Titicaca,
the
highest
lake
in
the
world,
on
which
boats
can
travel.
Peru
has
abundant(丰富的)
plants
from
desert
grasses
to
vast
areas
of
jungle.
秘鲁
秘鲁是南美洲临太平洋海岸的一个国家。从地理上讲，它有三个主要地区：狭长的临海地带、与海岸平行的安第斯山脉；以及东南部地势高的平原地区。在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，在湖上可以行船。秘鲁有丰富的植被，从荒漠草原到广阔的丛林地区。
[助读讲解] ①on
the
coast
of在……海岸线上。②the
Andes
Mountains安第斯山脉。
Once
the
centre
of
the
powerful
and
extremely
wealthy
Inca
Empire,
much
of
South
America
was
governed
by
Spain
from
the
sixteenth
century
onwards.
Peru
finally
gained
its
independence
from
Spain
in
1821.
The
capital
of
Peru
is
Lima,
which
is
in
the
north
on
the
coast③.
The
ancient
Inca
capital,
Cuzco,
is
found
high
in
the
Andes.
It
is
a
popular
tourist
destination(目的地)
as
it
is
close
to
the
famous
Inca
ruins
of
the
city
of
Machu
Picchu.
Cuzco
is
a
lively
city
with
many
hotels
and
inns(客栈),
where
both
Indian
and
Spanish
culture
and
art
can
be
seen④.
秘鲁曾经是强大而极为富有的印加帝国的中心，从十六世纪起，南美洲的许多地区都是由西班牙统治的。秘鲁最终于1821年脱离西班牙获得独立。秘鲁的首都是利马，它位于北部的临海地区。古印加的首都，库斯科，位于安第斯的高山之上。它是一个受欢迎的旅游目的地，因为它离马丘比丘城著名的印加遗址很近。库斯科是一座富有活力的城市，有许多宾馆和小酒店，在那儿可以看到印度和西班牙的文化和艺术。
[助读讲解] ③which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Lima。④where引导定语从句，先行词是a
lively
city。
PERU
Peru
offers
a
variety
of⑤
experiences
from
ancient
ruins
and
centuries?old
Spanish
villages
to
thick
forests,
high
mountains
and
desert
coastline.
TRAVEL
PERU
offers
tours
for
all
ages
and
tastes⑥.
The
following
tours
are
based
at
Cuzco,
the
site
of
the
ancient
capital
of
the
Inca
civilization.
秘鲁
秘鲁提供各种各样的经历，从古代的遗址以及具有数百年历史的西班牙式的村庄，到茂密的森林、耸立的高山和临海的沙漠。秘鲁之旅为各种年龄和有品味的人提供旅游服务。下列旅游路线都是从库斯科出发的，库斯科是印加文明的古都所在地。
[助读讲解] ⑤a
variety
of各种各样的。⑥taste
n．口味，爱好，喜好。
Tour
1
Experience
the
jungle
and
its
diverse
wildlife
close
up⑦.
During
this
four?day
walking
tour,
you
will
be
amazed
by
mountain
scenery
and
the
ancient
ruins
we
pass
on
our
hike.
On
the
last
day,
we
arrive
at
the
ruins
of
Machu
Picchu
in
time
to
see⑧
the
sunrise
over
the
Andes.
Spend
the
day
visiting
the
ruins
of
this
ancient
Inca
city
before
catching
the
train
back
to
Cuzco.
Tour
2
A
full?day
trip
by
road
from
Cuzco
to
Puno
with
fantastic
views
of
the
highland
countryside.
From
Puno,
we
travel
by
boat
across
Lake
Titicaca,
stopping
on
the
way
at
the
floating
islands
of
the
Uros
people⑨.
These
floating
islands
and
the
Uros
Indian's
houses
are
made
of
the
water
plants
that
grow
in
the
lake.
A
full?day
stay
with
a
local
family
gives
you
an
opportunity
to
learn
more
about
their
life.
Return
to
Puno
on
the
fourth
day
for
your
flight
back
to
Lima.
旅游路线1
体验丛林及其多种野生动物聚集的生活。在这次四天的徒步旅行中，你将为山区的风景和我们沿途的古代遗址叹为观止。最后一天，我们到达马丘比丘遗址，还可以赶得上去安第斯山上观看日出。在乘火车返回库斯科之前，利用白天参观这座古印加城的遗址。
旅游路线2
全日乘车旅游，从库斯科到普诺，观赏高原上乡村的秀丽景色。我们从普诺乘船穿过的的喀喀湖，半途停歇在乌罗族人的浮岛上。这些浮岛和乌罗印第安人的房子都是用生长在湖里的水生植物建成的。用一整天的时间待在当地居民的家里，给你更多地了解他们的生活的机会。第四天返回普诺，再乘飞机返回利马。
[助读讲解] ⑦close
up靠近，接近。⑧in
time
to
do及时做……。⑨“stopping...”作状语，表示补充说明。
Tour
3
Spend
four
days
high
in
the
Andes
at
Cuzco.
Learn
about
its
history
and
visit
the
museums.
Admire
the
Spanish
architecture,
enjoy
some
excellent
Spanish
cuisine
and
take
some
time
to
bargain
for
some
souvenirs
at
the
colourful
markets.
Take
the
train
up
to
Machu
Picchu
for
a
guided⑩
tour
of
the
ruins
and
the
royal
tomb(坟墓)
of
the
Inca
king.
Tour
4
A
short
flight
from
Cuzco
takes
you
from
the
Andes
into
the
lowlands
of
the
Amazon
Jungle.
From
here
you'll
travel
by
boat
to
your
accommodation
in
a
forest
reserve?，
which
holds
the
record
for
the
most
bird
sightings
in
one
area.
From
the
guesthouse
you
can
explore
the
jungle
in
the
company
of
a
local
guide.,
旅游路线3
在库斯科的安第斯高山上度过四天。
了解它的历史，参观博物馆。欣赏西班牙式的建筑，品味一些杰出的西班牙风味，花一些时间逛逛五花八门的市场，讨价还价买一些纪念品。乘火车去马丘比丘，由导游陪同去参观遗址和印加国王的皇家墓地。
旅游路线4
从库斯科乘飞机作一次短途飞行，从安第斯山到亚马孙河丛林的低地。从这里你将乘船到保护林的接待站，这个保护林保持着观鸟纪录——在一个地区你可以看到最多的鸟类。你可以在一位当地导游的陪同下，从客房出发到丛林探险。
[助读讲解] ⑩guided
adj.有指导的，有向导的。?reserve
n．此处作“保护区”讲，还可作“保护，保留”讲。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.速读P43－P44教材课文，选择最佳答案
Why
did
the
writer
write
the
passage?
A．To
introduce
Peru
briefly
and
attract
readers
to
travel
there.
B．To
describe
Peru
in
detail.
C．To
show
the
beautiful
scenery
to
readers.
D．To
attract
readers
to
Spain.
[答案] A
Ⅱ.速读P43－P44教材课文，匹配旅游路线
1．Tour
1
A．Four
days
high
in
the
Andes
at
Cuzco：
museums，Spanish
cuisine
and
architecture，
and
Machu
Picchu.
2．Tour
2
B．The
jungle,
diverse
wildlife,
mountainscenery
and
the
ancient
ruins.
3．Tour
3
C．An
exploration
to
the
Amazon
Jungle.
4．Tour
4
D．The
views
of
the
highland
countryside，Lake
Titicaca,
and
the
Uros
Indian's
life.
[答案] 1－4 BDAC
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P43－P44教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Cuzco
is
popular
with
tourists
because
.
A．it
was
once
the
capital
of
Peru
B．it
is
close
to
the
famous
Inca
ruins
of
the
city
of
Machu
Picchu
C．it
is
in
the
high
mountains
D．it
is
near
the
high
mountains
2．
once
governed
much
of
South
America.
A．England
B．Spain C．India D．Germany
3．Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE?
A．Lake
Titicaca
is
not
the
highest
lake
in
the
world.
B．The
Uros
Indian's
houses
are
made
of
land
plants.
C．Tour
3
can
take
the
travelers
from
the
Andes
into
the
lowlands
of
the
Amazon
Jungle.
D．You
can
enjoy
the
sunrise
over
the
Andes
on
Tour
1.
4．On
which
Tours
can
you
visit
the
famous
Inca
ruins
of
the
city
of
Machu
Picchu?
A．Tour
1
and
Tour
2.
B．Tour
2
and
Tour
3.
C．Tour
1
and
Tour
3.
D．Tour
3
and
Tour
4.
5．If
you
want
to
get
an
opportunity
to
learn
about
the
Uros
Indian's
life，you
can
choose
．
A．Tour
1
B．Tour
2
C．Tour
3
D．Tour
4
[答案] 1－5 BBDCB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
阅读P43教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Peru
is
a
country
1.on
the
Pacific
coast
of
South
America.In
the
high
plains
area
2.is(be)
Lake
Titicaca，the
highest
lake
in
the
world.It
is
a
beautiful
lake，3.where
boats
can
travel.Peru
has
wide
4.varieties(variety)
of
plants.It
gained
its
5.independence(independent)
from
Spain
in
1821.The
capital
of
Peru
is
Lima，6.which
is
in
the
north
on
the
coast.The
ancient
Inca
capital，Cuzco，is
a
popular
tourist
destination.Cuzco
is
a
7.lively(live)
city
where
both
Indian
8.and
Spanish
culture
and
art
can
9.be
seen(see)．It
is
a
wonderful
place
for
you
10.to
visit(visit).
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The
country
is
abundant
(丰富的)
in
oil
and
coal.
2．One
can't
completely
govern
(支配)
one's
thoughts
at
all
times.
3．In
the
second
year
students
could
pick
from
a
series
of
optional
(可选择的)
courses.
4．My
morning
routine
includes
jogging
in
the
park
and
reading
newspapers
over
breakfast.
5．Sand，sun
and
fun
with
beer
make
Qingdao
one
of
the
most
popular
destinations
for
visitors
to
China.
6．The
road
and
the
railway
are
parallel
to
each
other.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．agent
n．代理人；经纪人→agency
n．代理机构
2.
apology
n．道歉；谢罪→apologize
vi.道歉；谢罪
3．abundant
adj.丰富的；充裕的→abundance
n．丰富
4．optional
adj.可选择的；随意的→option
n．选择；可选择的事物
5．govern
vt.&
vi.统治；支配；管理→government
n．政府→governor
n．统治者；主管；州长
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．day
in
and
day
out
日复一日
2．out
of
the
question
不可能的；不值得讨论的
3．settle
in
(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
4．make
an
apology
to
sb.
向某人道歉
5．run/be
parallel
to
与……平行
6．be
abundant
in
富有……
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．The
railway
lines
run/are
parallel
to
the
road，so
they
will
never
meet.
2．As
we
all
know，China
is
a
country
which
is
abundant
in
natural
resources.
3．Sally
found
that
there
was
still
so
much
work
waiting
for
her
and
a
holiday
abroad
was
out
of
the
question．
4．She
settled
in
a
foreign
country
and
had
a
happy
life
after
she
retired.
5．Day
in
and
day
out，no
matter
what
the
weather
is
like，he
walks
one
hour.
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.In
the
high
plains
area
is
Lake
Titicaca，the
highest
lake
in
the
world，on
which
boats
can
travel.在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，在湖上可以行船。
地点状语位于句首，句子使用完全倒装句式
In
the
center
of
the
city
is
the
biggest
mall
in
the
city.市中心有一座最大的购物中心。
2.From
here
you'll
travel
by
boat
to
your
accommodation
in
a
forest
reserve，which
holds
the
record
for
the
most
bird
sightings
in
one
area.从这里你将乘船到保护林的接待站，这个保护林保持鸟类纪录——在一个地区你可以看到最多的鸟类。
which引导非限制性定语从句
Much
to
my
delight，Michael
sang
high
praise
for
my
great
achievements
before
my
classmates，which
made
me
feel
proud
of
myself.令我高兴的是，迈克尔在同学面前高度赞扬了我，这让我为自己感到骄傲。
apology
n．道歉；谢罪
(教材P40)Sara
acknowledged
her
mistake
and
made
an
apology
immediately.
萨拉承认了她的错误并立刻道了歉。
(1)make/offer/demand/accept
an
apology
致歉/主动道歉/要求道歉/接受道歉
make/offer
an
apology
to
sb.for
(doing)
sth.
因(做)某事而向某人道歉
owe
sb.an
apology
应向某人道歉
(2)apologize
vi.
道歉
apologize
to
sb.for
(doing)
sth.
因(做)某事向某人道歉
①You
owe
him
an
apology
for
what
you
said.
你要为你所说的话向他道歉。
②Please
accept
our
apologies
for
any
inconvenience
we
have
caused.
若有不便，敬请谅解。
③I
made
an
apology
(apologize)
to
him
for
stepping
on
his
foot.＝
I
apologized
(apologize)
to
him
for
stepping
on
his
foot.
我因踩了他的脚而向他道歉。
[语境助记]
Yesterday，my
friend
Jack
broke
my
glasses
by
accident.Later，he
apologized
to
me
for
that
and
I
forgave
him
for
his
sincere
apology.昨天我的朋友杰克无意中弄坏了我的眼镜。后来他为此向我道歉，我也由于他真诚的道歉而原谅了他。
day
in
and
day
out
日复一日
(教材P40)Day
in
and
day
out
I
follow
almost
the
same
routine.
我几乎天天都是这样做的。
day
and
night
日日夜夜
day
by
day
一天一天地；逐日
day
after
day
日复一日；连续地
①He
carefully
attended
to
the
wounded
soldiers
day
and
night.他日夜仔细照料伤员。
②He
plays
tennis
day
in
and
day
out.
他日复一日地打网球。
③He
went
to
see
the
tree
he
planted
day
after
day
and
found
it
taller
and
taller
day
by
day.
他天天去看他栽的那棵树，发现它一天天长高了。
[名师点津]
day
after
day
强调动作的重复，而
day
by
day
则强调状态的变化。
abundant
adj.丰富的；充裕的
(教材P43)Peru
has
abundant
plants
from
desert
grasses
to
vast
areas
of
jungle.
秘鲁有丰富的植被，从荒漠草原到广阔的丛林地区。
(1)be
abundant
in
富有……；……很丰富
(2)abundance
n.
丰富；充裕
in
abundance
大量；充裕
an
abundance
of
大量的
①Last
year
there
was
a
great
abundance
of
rain
and
the
trees
were
abundant
in
fruits.
去年雨量充沛，果树果实累累。
②At
the
feast
there
was
an
abundance
(abundant)
of
food
and
drink.It's
obvious
that
people
live
in
abundance.
宴会上有丰盛的食品和饮料。显然人们过着丰衣足食的生活。
[名师点津]
be
abundant
in
(＝be
rich
in)……很丰富
(反)be
short
of短缺
be
high
in(＝be
rich
in)富含
(反)be
low
in
……含量低
out
of
the
question
不可能的；不值得讨论的
(教材P43)It's
out
of
the
question.
这是不可能的。
out
of
question
没有问题；毫无疑问
beyond/without
question
毫无疑问；肯定
in
question
正被讨论的；谈论中的
①It's
out
of/beyond
question
that
he
will
win
the
match.
毫无疑问他会赢得比赛。
②Out
of/Beyond/Without
question，it
is
his
handwriting.
毫无疑问，这是他的字迹。
③Without
your
help，finishing
the
task
ahead
of
time
would
be
out
of
the
question.
没有你的帮助提前完成任务是不可能的。
④The
lady
in
question
is
not
in
office
now.
所谈的那位女士现在没在办公室。
[名师点津]
(1)out
of
the
question和out
of
question这两个短语：有
the
就“不可能，不值得讨论”；无
the
就“一定，毫无疑问”。
(2)beyond
question
既可起形容词的作用，在句中用作表语，亦可起副词的作用，在句中作状语；without
question
一般起副词的作用，在句中作状语。
settle
in
(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
(教材P45)things
you
can
do
to
help
him/her
settle
in
你可以帮他/她安顿下来的事情
settle
into...
适应/习惯于(新居、新工作等)
settle
down
(使)安静下来；安顿下来；定居
settle
on/upon
决定；同意(某事)
settle
up
付清欠账；支付账单
settle
down
to
(doing)
sth.
安下心来做某事
①I
haven't
yet
settled
into
my
new
job.I
still
find
it
rather
strange.
我还没有习惯我的新工作，我仍然觉得它很陌生。
②We
must
settle
on/upon
a
place
to
meet
next
time.
我们必须把下次见面的地点定下来。
③He
was
so
upset
that
he
couldn't
settle
down
to
doing
(do)
his
research.
他那么烦躁，以至于无法静下心来进行研究工作。
④We
only
moved
house
last
week
and
we
haven't
settled
in
yet.
我们上星期才搬的家，还没安顿下来呢。
[名师点津]
(1)settle
in作“安顿下来；适应”讲时，in是副词，其后不能接宾语；如接宾语，应用介词into。
(2)settle作“定居”讲时，后可接介词in，表示“在某地定居”。
(教材P43)In
the
high
plains
area
is
Lake
Titicaca，the
highest
lake
in
the
world，on
which
boats
can
travel.
在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，在湖上可以行船。
【要点提炼】 句中画线部分为完全倒装句，正常语序为：Lake
Titicaca
is
in
the
high
plains
area。
完全倒装用法如下：
(1)当表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词为be，come，lie，sit，stand，walk等不及物动词时，句子的主谓要完全倒装。
(2)地点副词(here，there)，方位副词(out，in，up，down)及时间副词(now，then)等位于句首，且谓语动词为be，come，go等不及物动词时，句子的主谓要完全倒装。
(3)形容词短语/分词短语位于句首，句子的主谓要完全倒装。(注：如果主语是代词，而不是名词，句子不倒装)
①Around
the
lake
lie
sixteen
mountains，which
are
covered
with
snow
all
the
year
round.
围绕着这个湖泊的是十六座山峰，终年积雪。
②Out
rushed
the
boy
to
welcome
the
pop
star.
这个男孩冲出去欢迎这位流行歌星。
③Here
comes
(come)
a
good
chance
that
you
can
use
your
summer
vacation
to
go
on
study
tours.
现在有一个好机会，你可以利用暑假参加游学活动。
④I
have
been
told
that
present
at
the
meeting
are
(be)
students
from
our
school.
有人告诉我，出席会议的人是我们学校的学生。
单句语法填空
1.My
experience
in
this
matter
is
parallel
to
yours.
2．Mary
took
three
optional
(option)
courses
last
semester.
3．The
company
is
governed
(govern)
by
strict
environmental
regulations
now.
4．His
condition
improved
day
by
day.
5．He
apologized
(apology)
for
his
not
being
able
to
inform
me
of
the
change
in
the
plan.
6．Our
country
is
abundant
in
wildlife.
7．His
honesty
is
beyond
question；I
have
worked
with
him
for
many
years.
8．Later，he
began
to
settle
in
the
place
where
the
scenery
is
beautiful.
9．The
scientist
was
devoted
to
the
study
day
in
and
day
out
and
finally
he
achieved
great
success.
10．In
the
company
of
her
good
friend，she
has
been
to
many
places
of
interest.
PAGEUnit
5
Travelling
abroad
给笔友写一封信
本单元的写作任务要求学生以书信形式向笔友传递某种信息，表明一种态度或说明某件事情。书信内容涉及日常生活、学校生活、社会习俗、近期打算等，是高考中的常考类型。
一、基本结构
第一部分：呼应来信、介绍现状，引入话题。
第二部分：叙述经过或针对问题提出自己的看法。
第三部分：提出愿望或良好的祝福。
二、注意事项
1．在说理的过程中要尽量站在对方的角度客观地分析问题，努力做到逻辑分明、理由充分。
2．在提建议时，要注意选用合适的词汇或句型委婉地提出自己的建议让对方思考。
3．注意写信的格式，即开头(一般给出信的开头)和结尾。
1．常用的开头语
Thank
you
very
much
for
your
letter
and
the
gift
you
sent
me.
I
have
the
pleasure/honor
to
inform/tell
you
that...
I
must
apologize
for
not
writing
to
you
for
so
long.
I
am
writing
to
you...
I
am
excited/glad/happy
to
learn
that...
2．常用的正文
Although
I
don't
know
how
to
deal
with
the
trouble
you
have
mentioned，I
am
very
happy
because
I
have
a
chance
to...
I
would
like
to
be
a
volunteer，for
I
will
be
free
during...
That's
about
it.Let's
talk
about...now.
3．常用的结束语
I
look
forward
to
your
reply
at
your
earliest
convenience.
I
look
forward
to
seeing
you
soon/hearing
from
you.
Please
write
to
me
when
you
have
time.
With
best
regards
to
your
family.
Please
give
my
love/regards/best
wishes
to...
假如你是李华，你的笔友John来信想了解你的海外留学经历，请根据下面提示给他写一封词数100左右的回信。
注意：文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
John，
Thank
you
very
much
for
your
letter
and
the
gift
you
sent
me.
Looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours，
Li
Hua
体裁
书信
时态
以一般过去时为主
主题
介绍海外留学过程
人称
以第一人称为主
结构
第一段：介绍现状——秘鲁一所大学攻读学士学位第二段：叙述经过——签证、适应、学习等第三段：提出愿望(已给出)
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．requirement
n．
需要；要求
2．preparation
n.
准备；预备
3．recommend
vt.
推荐；建议
4．routine
n.
常规；日常事务
5．adjust
to
适应；调节
6．fit
in
相适应；相融合
7．bachelor's
degree
学士学位
8．be
occupied
with
忙着做……；忙于某事物
9．settle
in
(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
10．keep
it
up
保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)
完成句子
1．现在我在秘鲁的一所大学里为我的学士学位而学习。
Now
I'm
studying
in
a
university
in
Peru
for
my
bachelor's
degree．
2．离开我的祖国前，我花了大量时间排队得到我的签证。
Before
I
left
my
motherland，I
had
spent
much
time
queuing
to
get
my
visa．
3．虽然我为新生活做了充分的准备，但刚开始我还是不适应。
Although
I
had
made
full
preparations
for
my
new
life，I
didn't
adjust
to
it
at
first.
4．后来，我逐渐地适应了那里的日常生活。
Later，I
gradually
fit
in
with
the
routine
of
life
there.
5．为了提高学习，我的朋友建议我住在当地人家里。
To
improve
my
study，my
friend
recommended
me
to
live
in
a
local
family.
6．当我安顿好以后，我就忙于自己的学业功课。
After
I
settled
in，I
was
occupied
with
my
subject.
7．我的导师是一个很严格的教授，他提出很多要求。
My
tutor
is
a
strict
professor，and
he
put
forward
many
requirements．
8．现在我的功课很好，我会坚持下去。
Now
I
do
well
in
my
subject
and
I
will
keep
it
up．
(二)
句式升级
9．把句子2改写为简单句
Before
leaving
my
motherland，I
had
spent
much
time
queuing
to
get
my
visa.
10．用非谓语动词改写句子3
Having
made
full
preparations
for
my
new
life，I
didn't
adjust
to
it
at
first.
11．把句子5改写为复合句
To
improve
my
study，my
friend
recommended
that
I
(should)
live
in
a
local
family.
12．用非谓语动词作状语改写句子7
Being
a
strict
professor，my
tutor
put
forward
many
requirements.
【参考范文】
Dear
John，
Thank
you
very
much
for
your
letter
and
the
gift
you
sent
me.Now
I'm
studying
in
a
university
in
Peru
for
my
bachelor's
degree.
Before
leaving
my
motherland，I
had
spent
much
time
queuing
to
get
my
visa.Having
made
full
preparations
for
my
new
life，I
didn't
adjust
to
it
at
first.Later，I
gradually
fit
in
with
the
routine
of
life
there.To
improve
my
study，my
friend
recommended
me
to
live
in
a
local
family.In
this
way，I
can
improve
my
study.After
I
settled
in，I
was
occupied
with
my
subject.Being
a
strict
professor，my
tutor
put
forward
many
requirements.Now
I
do
well
in
my
subject
and
I
will
keep
it
up.
Looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours，
Li
Hua
PAGEUnit
5
Travelling
abroad
【导读】 《绿野仙踪》又名《OZ国经典童话》，是美国著名作家弗兰克·鲍姆(Frank
Baum)在1900—1920年期间陆续创作发表的奇幻冒险童话故事集，有“美国的《西游记》”之称。阅读下面选取的有关灾难来临的节选，对比中外文化中面临灾难时态度的异同。
The
Wonderful
Wizard
of
OZ
(excerpt)
The
cyclone
Dorothy
lived
in
the
midst
of
the
great
Kansas
prairies，with
Uncle
Henry，who
was
a
farmer，and
Aunt
Em，who
was
the
farmer's
wife.Their
house
was
small，for
the
lumber
to
build
it
had
to
be
carried
by
wagon
many
miles.There
were
four
walls，a
floor
and
a
roof，which
made
one
room；and
this
room
contained
a
rusty?looking
cookstove，a
cupboard
for
the
dishes，a
table，three
or
four
chairs，and
two
beds.Uncle
Henry
and
Aunt
Em
had
a
big
bed
in
one
corner，and
Dorothy
had
a
little
bed
in
another
corner.There
was
no
garret
at
all，and
no
cellar—except
a
small
hole
dug
in
the
ground，called
a
cyclone
cellar，where
the
family
could
go
in
case
one
of
those
great
whirlwinds
arose，mighty
enough
to
crush
any
building
in
its
path.It
was
reached
by
a
trap
door
in
the
middle
of
the
floor，from
which
a
ladder
led
down
into
the
small，dark
hole.
When
Dorothy
stood
in
the
doorway
and
looked
around，she
could
see
nothing
but
the
great
gray
prairie
on
every
side.Not
a
tree
nor
a
house
broke
the
broad
sweep
of
flat
country
that
reached
to
the
edge
of
the
sky
in
all
directions.The
sun
had
baked
the
plowed
land
into
a
gray
mass，with
little
cracks
running
through
it.Even
the
grass
was
not
green，for
the
sun
had
burned
the
tops
of
the
long
blades
until
they
were
the
same
gray
color
to
be
seen
everywhere.Once
the
house
had
been
painted，but
the
sun
blistered
the
paint
and
the
rains
washed
it
away，and
now
the
house
was
as
dull
and
gray
as
everything
else.
When
Aunt
Em
came
there
to
live
she
was
a
young，pretty
wife.The
sun
and
wind
had
changed
her，too.They
had
taken
the
sparkle
from
her
eyes
and
left
them
a
sober
gray；they
had
taken
the
red
from
her
cheeks
and
lips，and
they
were
gray
also.She
was
thin
and
gaunt，and
never
smiled
now.When
Dorothy，who
was
an
orphan，first
came
to
her，Aunt
Em
had
been
so
startled
by
the
child's
laughter
that
she
would
scream
and
press
her
hand
upon
her
heart
whenever
Dorothy's
merry
voice
reached
her
ears；and
she
still
looked
at
the
little
girl
with
wonder
that
she
could
find
anything
to
laugh
at.
Uncle
Henry
never
laughed.He
worked
hard
from
morning
till
night
and
did
not
know
what
joy
was.He
was
gray
also，from
his
long
beard
to
his
rough
boots，and
he
looked
stern
and
solemn，and
rarely
spoke.
It
was
Toto
that
made
Dorothy
laugh，and
saved
her
from
growing
as
gray
as
the
other
surroundings.Toto
was
not
gray；he
was
a
little
black
dog，with
long
silky
hair
and
small
black
eyes
that
twinkled
merrily
on
either
side
of
his
funny，wee
nose.Toto
played
all
day
long，and
Dorothy
played
with
him，and
loved
him
dearly.
Today，however，they
were
not
playing.Uncle
Henry
sat
upon
the
doorstep
and
looked
anxiously
at
the
sky，which
was
even
grayer
than
usual.Dorothy
stood
in
the
door
with
Toto
in
her
arms，and
looked
at
the
sky
too.Aunt
Em
was
washing
the
dishes.
From
the
far
north
they
heard
a
low
wail
of
the
wind，and
Uncle
Henry
and
Dorothy
could
see
where
the
long
grass
bowed
in
waves
before
the
coming
storm.There
now
came
a
sharp
whistling
in
the
air
from
the
south，and
as
they
turned
their
eyes
that
way
they
saw
ripples
in
the
grass
coming
from
that
direction
also.
Suddenly
Uncle
Henry
stood
up.
“There's
a
cyclone
coming，Em，”
he
called
to
his
wife.“I'll
go
and
look
after
the
stock.”
Then
he
ran
toward
the
sheds
where
the
cows
and
horses
were
kept.
Aunt
Em
dropped
her
work
and
came
to
the
door.One
glance
told
her
of
the
danger
close
at
hand.
“Quick，Dorothy！”
she
screamed.“Run
for
the
cellar！”
Toto
jumped
out
of
Dorothy's
arms
and
hid
under
the
bed，and
the
girl
started
to
get
him.Aunt
Em，badly
frightened，threw
open
the
trap
door
in
the
floor
and
climbed
down
the
ladder
into
the
small，dark
hole.Dorothy
caught
Toto
at
last
and
started
to
follow
her
aunt.When
she
was
halfway
across
the
room
there
came
a
great
shriek
from
the
wind，and
the
house
shook
so
hard
that
she
lost
her
footing
and
sat
down
suddenly
upon
the
floor.
Then
a
strange
thing
happened.
The
house
whirled
around
two
or
three
times
and
rose
slowly
through
the
air.Dorothy
felt
as
if
she
were
going
up
in
a
balloon.
《绿野仙踪》(节选)
旋风来了
多萝茜和亨利叔叔、爱姆婶婶住在堪萨斯州大草原的中部。叔叔是个农民，婶婶是他的妻子。因为建筑屋子的木材，要从好几里路之外用货车运过来，很不容易，所以他们住的一间屋子只是小小的、四垛板壁、一个屋顶和一堂地板构成的，屋子里有一个外面锈污了的烧饭用的炉灶，一口放盆碟的橱，一张桌子，三、四张椅子，还有两张床。亨利叔叔和爱姆婶婶睡的大床，放在角落里，多萝茜睡的小床，放在另外一个角落里。屋子里没有阁楼，也没有地下室——只有那么一个小洞，直掘到地面下，这洞叫作“旋风的地洞”。倘若大旋风刮来时，全家人可以躲进里面去，因为在旋风经过的途中，不论什么屋子它都能够吹倒。在地板的中央，装着一扇活动的木门，那里有一个梯子，走下去就到了那又小又黑的地洞里。
当多萝茜站在门口，向四周眺望时，除了四周都是灰色的大草原以外，什么也看不见。在那一片宽阔平坦的原野上没有一棵树，也没有一间小屋子。每一个方向，都一直伸展到天边。那太阳烤炙着这耕作过的田地，使它变成一片灰色的有许多裂缝的荒土。即使是草也不绿，因为太阳烤炙着它们的顶部长叶，使得它们不论从何处看起来，同样的都是灰色的。有一次，屋子刷了油漆，但是太阳把油漆晒起了泡，雨把它洗干净了，如今这屋子也像其他东西一样地暗淡。
爱姆婶婶初到这里来的时候，她年轻且漂亮。太阳和风也把她的样子改变了。它们从她的眼睛里，拿走了光辉，留下了一种沉重的灰色；从她的面颊上和嘴唇上，拿走了红润，也只剩灰色了。如今她消瘦而且憔悴，不再微笑。多萝茜是一个孤儿，当她第一次来到爱姆婶婶身边时，婶婶被这女孩子的笑声吓了一跳，无论何时，多萝茜快活的声音，传到婶婶的耳朵里，多萝茜总要尖声地叫喊起来，并且把她的手压在她的心头；她惊奇地看着这个小女孩——因为不论她在什么东西上，都能够找寻出笑料来。
亨利叔叔从来不大笑。他从早到晚地做工作，不知道快乐是什么东西。从他的长须直到他粗糙的鞋子，也全是灰色的，他显得稳重而且严肃，很少说话。
引得多萝茜好笑的是托托，在周围的一切事物都同样地逐渐变成灰色的环境中，托托不是灰色的；它是一只小黑狗，有着柔软滑润的长毛，一双黑色的小眼睛，在它那有趣的极小的鼻子两边，快乐地眨着。托托整天地玩着，多萝茜跟它在一块儿玩着，并且十分喜欢它。
可是，今天他们不玩耍了。亨利叔叔坐在门口的阶沿上，烦恼地望着比平时更加灰色的天空。多萝茜把托托抱在臂弯里，站在门口，也望着那天空。爱姆婶婶正在洗着一叠盘子。
他们从老远的北方那里，听到一种风的低低的哀叫声，亨利叔叔和多萝茜在风暴到来之前，看见那里的草，作着波浪形的起伏。现在，从南方的高空中，也传来了一种尖锐的呼啸声。他们的眼睛转向那里，只见在那个方向的草也掀起了波浪。
亨利叔叔突然站了起来。
“爱姆，旋风来了！”他对他的妻子说，“我要照料家畜去。”于是他跑向栏舍去，一些牛和羊都关在那里。
爱姆婶婶放下洗着的盆子，跑到门口去。看了一眼之后，心里明白，危险立刻就要来到了。
“多萝茜，快一点儿！”她尖声高叫着，“跑到地洞里去！”
托托从多萝茜的臂弯里跳出来，躲到床底下去，这个女孩子便跑过去捉它。爱姆婶婶十分害怕，打开地板上活动的门，爬下梯子，躲到那又小又黑的地洞里去。多萝茜最后捉到了托托，就跟着她的婶婶跑过去，当她奔到屋子的中央，传来了一阵极大的呼呼的风声，突然这屋子摇动得这么厉害，她一失足坐倒在地板上。
于是一件奇怪的事情发生了。
这屋子旋转了两三次，慢慢地升到天空中去。多萝茜觉得好像坐在一个气球里渐渐地上升。
The
north
and
south
winds
met
where
the
house
stood，and
made
it
the
exact
center
of
the
cyclone.In
the
middle
of
the
cyclone
the
air
is
generally
still，but
the
great
pressure
of
the
wind
on
every
side
of
the
house
raised
it
up
higher
and
higher，until
it
was
at
the
very
top
of
the
cyclone；and
there
it
remained
and
was
carried
miles
and
miles
away
as
easily
as
you
could
carry
a
feather.
It
was
very
dark，and
the
wind
howled
horribly
around
her，but
Dorothy
found
she
was
riding
quite
easily.After
the
first
few
whirls
around，and
one
other
time
when
the
house
tipped
badly，she
felt
as
if
she
were
being
rocked
gently，like
a
baby
in
a
cradle.
Toto
did
not
like
it.He
ran
about
the
room，now
here，now
there，barking
loudly；but
Dorothy
sat
quite
still
on
the
floor
and
waited
to
see
what
would
happen.
Once
Toto
got
too
near
the
open
trap
door，and
fell
in；and
at
first
the
little
girl
thought
she
had
lost
him.But
soon
she
saw
one
of
his
ears
sticking
up
through
the
hole，for
the
strong
pressure
of
the
air
was
keeping
him
up
so
that
he
could
not
fall.She
crept
to
the
hole，caught
Toto
by
the
ear，and
dragged
him
into
the
room
again，afterward
closing
the
trap
door
so
that
no
more
accidents
could
happen.
Hour
after
hour
passed
away，and
slowly
Dorothy
got
over
her
fright；but
she
felt
quite
lonely，and
the
wind
shrieked
so
loudly
all
about
her
that
she
nearly
became
deaf.At
first
she
had
wondered
if
she
would
be
dashed
to
pieces
when
the
house
fell
again；but
as
the
hours
passed
and
nothing
terrible
happened，she
stopped
worrying
and
resolved
to
wait
calmly
and
see
what
the
future
would
bring.At
last
she
crawled
over
the
swaying
floor
to
her
bed，and
lay
down
upon
it；and
Toto
followed
and
lay
down
beside
her.
In
spite
of
the
swaying
of
the
house
and
the
wailing
of
the
wind，Dorothy
soon
closed
her
eyes
and
fell
fast
asleep.
那北方的和南方的风，在屋子的地方会合着，形成了旋风的中心。在旋风的中央，那空气通常是平静的，但是四周的强大风力压迫着这屋子，使它上升地更高更高，直升到旋风的最高顶；屋子在空中被带走一连好几英里，轻得像你带走一根羽毛。
这时候，天空非常黑暗，风在她的四周可怕地怒吼着。但是多萝茜乘坐得十分舒服。在第一次稍微旋转以后，当那屋子剧烈地倾斜时，她似乎觉得自己被徐缓地摇荡着，像一个婴儿躺在一个摇篮里。
托托不喜欢这样子摇荡。它满屋子奔走着，一会儿这里，一会儿那里，大声地吠着；但是多萝茜在地板上坐得十分安静，等着看看有什么事情发生。
有一次，托托太靠近那打开着的活动地板的门，并且掉了下去；这小女孩子起初想它是掉下去了。但是过了一会儿，她看见了它的一只耳朵，在洞口竖起，强大的空气压力托住了它，使得它掉不下去。她就爬到洞口，捉住了托托的耳朵，再把它拉到屋子里来，关上了那活动的地板门，使得以后再不会发生意外的事情。
一小时又一小时地过去了，多萝茜渐渐地不害怕了，但是她觉得十分孤寂，并且风叫得这般响，使她几乎变成聋子。起初她担心着如果那屋子再掉下去时，她将被摔得粉碎，但是几小时过去了，没有什么可怕的事情发生，她停止了忧愁，心平气静地等待着，看看以后会发生什么。最后她从摇荡的地板上，爬到床上，躺了下去；托托跟着躺在她的旁边。
不管那屋子的摇荡和旋风的哀叫，多萝茜很快地闭上眼睛熟睡了。
[知识积累]
1．lumber
n．
木材，木料
2．garret
n.
顶楼；阁楼
3．blister
v.
(使)起疱，起泡
4．solemn
adj.
严肃的
5．shriek
n.
尖叫声
6．wailing
n.
哀号
[文化链接]
《绿野仙踪》之角色解读
多萝茜是一个善良的孤女，被一场龙卷风刮到了一个陌生而神奇的国度——奥芝国，并迷失了回家的路，在那里，她陆续认识了没脑子的稻草人，没心的铁皮人和一只胆小的狮子，他们为了实现各自的心愿，互相帮忙、携手并肩、历经艰险，最终，他们凭借自己非凡的智力和顽强的毅力，都如愿以偿地实现了自己的愿望。
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