2012届高三英语语法总复习三：冠词练习.rar

2012届高三英语语法总复习三：冠词练习
叶塘中学高三英语备课组编写组
(一)冠词概述
冠词是限定词的一种，自己不能单独使用，只能依附于一个名词帮助说明这个名词的含义。因此冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有三种形式：不定冠词a(an)，定冠词(the)和零冠词(即不使用冠词)。冠词用法每次中考都会出现，主要考查：(1)名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法；(2)固定搭配中的冠词用法。a，an的用法区别是常考内容。序数词前及形容词最高级前或姓氏前使用定冠词也是近年来中考的常考内容。广东高考每年在语法填空中出一题。
(二)基础知识梳理
1．不定冠词a／an的用法
不定冠词用来修饰单数可数名词，指人或物中的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。
如：A famous astronaut will give us a talk the week after next．a用在以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前，如：a university student，a European country；an用在以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词前，如：an honest girl，an underground train．
现将不定冠词的基本用法归纳如下：
1)首次提到某人某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。如：
Long long ago an old man lived in a small village．
2)表示“每一”的意思，常用于表示时间、速度的名词之前，相当于every。如：
ten metres a second，twice a week
3)也可用于不可数的物质名词和抽象名词之前，使其具体化。如：
1 would like a drink．
It’s a great joy to live in Shanghai．
4)某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。如：have a good time，in a hurry，have a break，for a while，a pair of，have a look，with a smile，take an active part in．
2．定冠词the的用法
1)指第二次提到的人或物。如：
I have a dog and a cat．The dog is brown and the cat is yellow．
2)特指某人或某物。如：
The old man with thick glasses is their history teacher．
3)指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：
Would you mind turning down the radio，Jim Your father is sleeping．
4)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：
The third truck is carrying the fewest apples of all．
5)用于指世界上独一无二的事物。如：
The moon is far smaller than the earth．
6)在江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Nile，the Pacific Ocean，the Alps，the Oriental Pearl
7)用于表示方位的名词前。如：
Shanghai is in the east of China．
8)用在乐器名称的前面。如：
I practise the piano every day after school．
9)在某些形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人。如：
The sick and the old should be taken good care of．
10)用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”。如：
The Wangs have worked in Pudong for almost ten years．
11)在某些固定短语中，需用定冠词。如：
In the morning，the day after tomorrow，listen to the radio，at the moment，go to the beach，by the way．
3．不用冠词的情况
1)在球类活动、学科名称前。如：
We have Chinese，maths，and English every day．
2)在节日、月份、四季、星期前。如：
June l is Children’s Day．
It’s Saturday today．
It’s late spring now．
3)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或数词等。如：
That handbag is in her car．
I have several questions to ask．
4)在物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。如：
Milk is white．(比较：The milk in the cup has gone bad．这里the表示特指。)
5)三餐名词前通常不用冠词，如：have supper，after breakfast，但三餐名词前如果有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词，如：a big supper，a quick breakfast等。
6)在称呼、头衔、职位前。。如
What can I do for you，sir.
7)在某些固定词组和习惯用语中。如：by motorcycle／air／train，at night，in trouble, go to church，put into jal等。
4．在某些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：
go t0 church (去做礼拜) go to the church (到那座教堂去) in class (在上课时) in the class (在班级中)
in charge of (负责) in the charge of (由…负责) in hospital (生病住院) in the hospital (在医院里工作或参观)
at table (在吃饭) at the table (在桌子旁) take place (发生) take the place (代替)
in front of (在……的前面) in the front of (在……前部) keep house (管理家务) keep the house (呆在家里)
【经典例题】
1. After supper，mother gave each of her daughters __________ orange．
A．the B．/ C．a D．an
2. I found __________　notebook on the floor．There　was __________ “f” on the cover of__________ notebook．
A．the．．．an．．．a B． a．．．a．．．a C． a．．．a．．．the D． a．．．an．．．the
3. Do you know __________ girl in a red coat.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
4.-----Have you got __________ E—mail address ------Oh，yes，mine is wjb80@．
A．the B．an C．a D．/
5. __________ India and China are in _________ same continent.
A. /．．．the B．The．．．the C．/ ... / D．/．．．the
6. ---Have you seen __________ pen I left it here this morning． ’
----Is it __________black one I think I saw it somewhere．
A．a．．．the B．a．．．a C．the．．．a D．the．．．the
7. We can’t see _________ sun in __________ sky at __________night．
A．the．．．the．．．the B．/．．．the．．．the C．the．．．the．．．/ D．the．．．/．．．/
8. As everyone knows, _________Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks in the world.
A．/ B．the C．a D．an
9. After school，I often play __________ violin while my elder brother prefers to play __________ basketball.
A．the．．．the．．．the B．the．．．/．．．the C．/．．． the．．．/ D．the．．．/．．．/
10. Jack is __________ most careful student，but he isn’t __________most careful student　in our class．
A．the．．．the B．the．．．a C．a．．．a D．a…the
11. Do you know__________ of the two girls
A．taller B．the taller C the tallest D．the tall
12. We made him __________ manager of our company．Look, __________ manager is coming．
A．the．．．the B．the．．．/ C．/．．．the D．/．．．/
13. David comes from __________ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
A．a B．the C．an D．/
【高考试题与冠词】
【2010年高考】
1.（北京卷35） First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second chance to make __ first impression.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a
2.（福建卷21）It’s_____good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai world expo that gives them ______pleasure.
A.不填，a B. a,不填 C. the ,a D. a, the
3. （江苏卷 21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.
A.不填; a B. 不填;the C. the; a D. the; the
4. ( 辽宁卷22) There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _____ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _____earth.
A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the
5. (山东卷22) If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the
6. (四川卷2) In ____most countries, a university degree can give you ____flying start in life.
A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a
7. (浙江卷2) Many lifestyle patterns do such _______great harm to health that they actually speed up_______weakening of the human body.
A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /
8.（重庆卷27） Everything comes with ____price; there is no such ______thing as free lunch in the world.
A. a, a B. the, / C. the, / D. a, /
9.（上海卷26）It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was ____journey.
A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours
【2007-2009年高考】
1. —Could you tell me the way to ______Johnsons, please
—Sorry, we don’t have ______ Johnson here in the village. （2007 全国卷II）
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
2. I looked under _____bed and found ______book I lost last week. （2007 北京卷）
A.the; a B. the: the C. 不填；the D. the:;不填
3. ________ walk is expected to last all day, so bring________packed lunch. （2007 山东卷）
A．A;a B．The; 不填 C．The ; a D．A ; 不填
4. —How about ______Christmas evening party （2007 福建卷）
—I should say it was ________success.
A.a; a B.The; a C.a;不填 D.the; 不填
5. Polar bears live mostly on______sea ice, which they use as ______platform for hunting seals.（2007 湖南卷）
A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填
6. We have every reason to believe that_____ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be_____ success.（2007 江苏卷）
A. / … a B. the … / C. the … a D. a … a
7. Many people have come to realize that they should go on ______balanced diet and make ______room in their day for exercise.（2007 江西卷）
A.a;/ B.the; a C.the;the D./;a
8. In ______ film Cast Away.Tom Hanks plays ______ man named Chuck Noland.（2007 陕西卷）
A.a; the B.the; a C.the; the D.a; a
9. How about taking ______ short break I want to make _______ call．（2007 四川卷）
A．the；a B．a；the C．the；the D．a；a
10. I wanted to catch ________early train, but couldn’t get ________ ride to the station. （2007 天津卷）
A. an, the B. /, the C. an, / D. the, a
11. I like _____ color of your skirt. It is _____ good match for your blouse. （2007 浙江卷）
A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
12. Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church. （2007 重庆卷）
A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a
13. （2007 辽宁卷）Chrismas is _____ special holiday when _______ whole family are supposed to get together.
A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the
14.（08湖南卷） Have you heard ______ news？The piece of _______ petrol is going up again!
A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填
15.（08江苏卷）We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.
A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
16.（08山东卷）Students should be encouraged to use ______ Internet as ______ resource.
A. 不填；a B. ,不填; the C. the; the D. the; a
17.（08江西卷） --- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
--- It is not your fault. With ______rush-hour traffic and ______ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a
18.（08辽宁卷）My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy.
A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填；the D. a; the
19. (08全国II)It’s not ______good idea to drive for four hours without ______break.
A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the
20. (08四川卷). In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to the areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found.
A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a
21.（08浙江卷）. ______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.
A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填
22.（08重庆卷）. In many places in China, ______ bicycle is still______popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the
23.（09安徽）1. We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. 21世纪教育网
A. a; a B. a; the 21世纪教育网 C. the; a D. the; the 21世纪教育网
24,（09北京）The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long----the height of ____ 9-story building.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a
25.（09江西）Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.
A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a 21世纪教育网
26.（09海南）Let’s go to______ cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for _______ while
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a
27.（09陕西）. What______ pity that you couldn’t be there to receive ______ prize!
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
28.（09四川）In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language. 21世纪教育网
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 21世纪教育网
29.（09浙江）I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan.
A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the
30.（09重庆）8, Washing machines made by China have won _______worldwide attention and Haier has become _______popular name.
A. a; the B. /; a 21世纪教育网 C. /; the D. the; a 21世纪教育网
31.（09全国2 ）9. What I need is ______ book that contains ______ABC of oil painting.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the 21世纪教育网
【记住一些固定的短语】
at play 在玩
at the play 在看戏
behind time 迟到
behind the times 落在时代后
by day 在白天
by the day 按日计算
by sea 乘船
by the sea 在海边
in front of 在……(外面的)前面
in the front of 在……(内部的前面)
in charge of 看护,负责
in the charge of 由……看护,由……负责
in secret 秘密地 (作状语)
in the secret 知道内情 (作表语)
in course of 在……过程中 (作表语后置定语)
in the course of 在……期间 (作状语)
in red 穿着红衣服
in the red 负债,赤字
of age 成年
of an age (岁数)同年
on fire 着火
on the fire 在考虑中
on occasion 不时地;必要时
on the occasion 在那时
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能
to death 十分
to the death 到最后
five of us 我们中的五人(部分)
the five of us 我们五个人(全部)
a yellow and white cat 一只黄白相间的猫
a yellow and a white cat 一只黄猫和一只白猫
in a faimly way 象一家人一样
in the family way 怀孕
die of cold 冻死
die of a cold 感冒而死
have words with 与……争吵
have a word with 与……略谈
keep house 管理家务
keep the house 守在家里
take rest 就寝
take a rest 休息一下
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
【冠词之差 意义有别】英语中有不少词组,从形式看好象只有冠词之差,而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。现采撷数例,以引起读者的注意：
1. in front of 在……(外)的前面 in the front of 在……(内)的前面
There’s a garden in front of the classroom.
There’s a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
2. in charge of 掌管；负责 in the charge of 在……负责之下
An experienced worker is in charge of the project.
The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.
3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时 at the table 在桌旁
He seldom talks at table.
They sat at the table, talking and laughing.
4. by day 白天；日间 by the day 按日计
He works in an office by day.
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.
5. take place 发生；举行 take the place 代替；接替
When did this conversation take place
Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England.
6. in words 用言语 in a word 总之
Please express your thought in words.
In a word, I don’t trust you.
7. at times 有时；不时 at a time 一次
I do feel a little nervous at times.
Pass me the bricks two at a time.
8. little 少；不多的 a little 一些；一点点
Hurry up, there’s little time left.
Don’t hurry, you still have a little time.
9. few 很少；几乎没有的 a few 有些；几个
He is a man of few words.
Only a few of the children can read.
10.a most interesting 非常有趣的 the most interesting 最有趣的(形容词的最高级)
This is a most interesting story.
This is the most interesting story of the three.
11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士
A doctor and nurse is standing there.
A doctor and a nurse are standing there.
12.A number of 许多；好些 the number of …(的)数目
A number of students are in the classroom.
The number of students in the classroom is forty.
冠词a/an的基本用法
1. 用 a还是 an：一般说来，辅音或半元音[j, w]开头的词要前用a。如：
He has a computer (watch). 他有一台电脑(一块手表)。
He’s a university student (European). 他是大学生(欧洲人)。
元音开头的词前要用 an。如：
This is an egg (honest boy). 这是一只鸡蛋(诚实的男孩)。
注意，有的字母(如 a, e, f, h, i等)或缩略词，若第一个音是元音也应用an。如：
He missed an “n” in the word. 他写的这个单词漏了一个 n。
2. 不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉必用的 a/an。如：
他父亲是著名诗人。误：His father is famous poet. 正：His father is a famous poet.
3. 用于转化为普通名词的专有名词前，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等。如：
A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位叫史密斯先生的人想见你。
He bought a complete Lu Hsun. 他买了一套鲁迅全集。
4. 用于转化为普通名词的物质名词前，表示相应的产品或种类，有时表示数量关系。如：
It’s a good wine. 这是(一种)好酒。
Two coffees and a tea, please. 请来两杯咖啡和一杯茶。
5. 用于具体化的抽象名词前，表示与该抽象名词意义相关的人或事等。如：
The party was a great success. 晚会开得非常成功。
It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件愉快的事。
6. 用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前，表示一次、一番等意义。如：
Let me have a look. 让我看看吧。 I’ll give the car a good wash. 我要把车好好洗一洗。
7. 用于序数词前表示数量或序数的增加。如：
He bought a second computer. 他又买了一台(即第二台)电脑。
Later she borne a third son. 后来她又生了第三个儿子。
8. 有的不可数名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )或本来应该带定冠词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )(the)的名词，由于受定语(尤其是形容词)的修饰，其前一般要用不定冠词或改用不定冠词，表示某种状态，此时的不定冠词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )通常含有 a kind of 的意思。如：
have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast 吃快餐
the world 世界→a world like ours 像我们这样的世界
注：有些不可数名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )即使受形容词的修饰也不能用不定冠词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )，容易弄错的有：news(消息)，advice(忠告)，luck(运气)，fortune(运气)，work(工作)，fun(娱乐，有趣的事)，weather(天气)，homework(家庭作业)，housework(家务活)，information(情报)，behavior(行为)，harm(伤害)，damage(损害)，progress(进步)，furniture (家具)，baggage(行李)，luggage(行李)，poetry(诗)，scenery(风景)等。
9. 两个单数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )可数名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )连用表示一个整体时，只用一个不定冠词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )。如：
He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老师又是诗人。 There’s a horse and cart on the road. 路上有一辆马车。
10. 不定冠词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )可用来表示“类属”，这是其基本用法，它表明的是某一类属中的每一个人和东西都能说明该类属的整体情况 (有类似汉语的“举一反三”或“以此类推”的含义)。此时也可用定冠词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )或名词复数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )形式来表示。如：
马是有用的动物。
正：A horse is a useful animal.正：The horse is a useful animal. 正：Horses are useful animals.
若不是说明每一个人和东西的情况，而是说整个类属，则不能用不定冠词，而要用定冠词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )：
The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎面临绝种的危险。
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大·格雷汉母·贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
2012届高三英语语法总复习：冠词练习过关题答案
冠词经典例题
答案解析
1 【解析】答案是D。“晚饭之后妈妈给了每个女儿一只橘子。”这里an相当于one，此外因为orange是以元音音素开头，所以只能用an。
2 【解析】答案是D。“我发现地板上有一个笔记本。这个笔记本的封面上有一个字母f。”这里notebook第一次出现时用“a”，而第二次提及时则用了“the”。另外f虽是辅音字母，但发音是[ef]以元音音素开头，所以用an。
注意以元音音素开头的字母除了a，e，i，o，u之外还有f，h，l，m，n，r，s，x。
3 【解析】答案是C。“你认识那个穿红外套的姑娘吗？”定冠词the可以用来表示某个或具有某些特定的人或东西，或是说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。故此处选the合乎题意。又如：Turn on the light，please.
Be careful when you cross the street．
这里的定冠词都是此意。
4 【解析】考查不定冠词表示泛指某一个，答案为B。此题反映了当前中考命题的一个特点：语言富有时代气息。
5 【解析】答案是A。国名前不需加冠词，但same前要用定冠词the。
6 【解析】答案为B。此题考查的是不定冠词的一般用法，但由于是在特定语境中考，难度就大大增加。不少考生看不出答语中I think和somewhere所表示的不确定语气，认为是特指，所以误选A。
7 【解析】答案是C。“晚上，我们在天上看不见太阳。”这里the sun，the sky为独一无二的东西，故选用定冠词。而at night“在夜晚”为习惯搭配，不用冠词。
8 【解析】答案是B。“众所周知，颐和园是世界上最美丽的公园之一。”summer Palace是由普通名词组成的专有名词，因此前面应该加定冠词the。
9 【解析】答案是C。“放学后，我经常拉小提琴，而我哥哥更喜欢打篮球。”在乐器名词前
必须加定冠词，常见的有play the violin，play the piano，play the guitar。而在球类名词前则不用冠词，如：play basketball，play volleyball，play table tennis，play golf等。after school是一个习惯短语，school前是零冠词。
10 【解析】答案是D。句意为“杰克是一个非常细心的学生，但并不是我们班最细心的。”在最高级前面通常要用定冠词修饰；用不定冠词则表示“非常，十分，很”的意思。
11 【解析】答案是B。“你认识两位女孩中较高的那个吗 ”在比较级前一般不用冠词，但
比较级前用定冠词则表示“两者中较……的那个”，一般后接“of the two”等。
12 【解析】表示头衔与职务的词语前通常不用冠词，但如果这个词语转化为指一个具体的
人，则要在其前加冠词。所以本道题的答案应是C。
13 【解析】表示国家的名称以单个的词语出现时，前面一般不要加任何冠词，但假如这个
词语以全称的形式出现时，则要在其前加定冠词。如 China的全称是the People’s Republic of China；America的全称是the United States of America。本题答案是B。
高考试题与冠词
2010年高考 1c 2b 3a 4b 5c 6d 7b 8d 9c
2007-2009年高考 1b 2b 3c 4b 5c 6c 7a 8b 9d 10d 11c 12c 13d 14c 15b 16d 17b 18d 19a 20a 21a 22c 23a 24d 25a 26b 27c 28c 29d 30b 31d
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