Unit
4
Astronomy：the
science
of
the
stars
课时作业16
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When
he
grows
up,
he
wants
to
be
a________
(物理学家)．
2．There
is
an
________
(氛围)
of
peace
and
calm
in
the
country,
quite
different
from
that
of
a
big
city.
3．Arrows
would
continue
to
fly
forward
forever
in
a
straight
line
if
it
were
not
for
________
(重力),
which
brings
them
down
to
earth.
4．Anne
told
him
how
she
feared
that
her
friend
would
________
(漂浮)
away
like
a
leaf.
5．If
the
sun's
rays
were
entirely
b________
out,
there
would
be
dramatic
changes
in
the
climate
on
the
earth,
and
the
result
could
be
disastrous
to
humans.
6．The
moon's
p________
affects
the
tide
on
the
earth.
7．She
is
very
g________
and
she
never
gets
angry.
8．I
don't
like
the
c________
here.
It's
very
cold.
答案
1．physicist 2.atmosphere 3.gravity 4.float 5.blocked
6．pull 7.gentle 8.climate
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．______________
(当心)
cars
when
you
cross
the
busy
street.
2．—My
goodness!
I
failed
again
in
the
computer
test.
—______________
(振作起来).
The
world
is
not
at
an
end.
3．When
I
arrived
there,
the
train
______________
(已经驶出)
the
station.
4．Whether
the
game
will
be
played
______________
(取决于)
the
weather.
5．He
has
spent
______________
(三倍)
more
money
than
he
did
last
month.
6．I
think
he
is
______________
(一样好的学生)
as
Tom.
7．______________
(既然)
you
have
grown
up,
you'd
better
depend
on
yourself.
8．After
ten
days'
training
the
workers
gradually
____________
(掌握)
the
skills
in
the
production
process.
答案
1．Watch
out
for 2.Cheer
up 3.had
pulled
out
of
4．depends
on 5.three
times 6.as
good
a
student
7．Now
that 8.got
the
hang
of
Ⅲ.句型训练
1．随着时间的推移，计算机变得越来越小，功能却更强。(as引导时间状语从句)
______________，
computers
became
smaller
and
more
powerful.
2．这条河流已经遭受如此严重的污染，现在清理可能为时太晚。(too...to...)
The
river
having
suffered
such
heavy
pollution
already,
it
may
now
be
______________.
3．当我更接近玛丽时，我发现她和她的姐姐一样是个漂亮的女孩。(get
close
to;
as＋adj.＋n.＋as)
When
I
______________
Mary,
I
found
she
was
______________
her
elder
sister.
4．在韩国举行的亚运会上，中国队获得的金牌数是日本的三倍多。(倍数的表达)
In
the
Asian
Games
held
in
Korea,
the
Chinese
team
won
______________
gold
medals
as
Japan.
5．如果我有幸加入你们的团队，我将与我的同事们团结协作履行好我的职责。(adj./adv.
enough
to
do)
If
I
am
______________
your
team,
I
will
work
together
with
my
fellows
to
perform
my
duty
well.
答案
1．As
time
went
by/on
2．too
late
to
clean
it
up
3．got
closer
to;
as
beautiful
a
girl
as
4．more
than
three
times
as
many
5．lucky
enough
to
join
Ⅳ.语法填空
In
China,
there
are
various
means
of
transport
for
day?to?day
living:
subways,
buses,
cars,
and
even
bikes...but
taxis
rank
high
on
the
list.
Taxis
are
certainly
the
most
convenient
means
of
transport,
as
__1__requires
little
effort
to
raise
your
arm
to
call
a
cab.
Besides,
fares
in
China
are
__2__
(afford).
They
start
in
daytime
hours
in
the
capital
at
RMB
13
yuan
for
__3__
first
3
kilometers,
after
which
you
pay
another
RMB
2.3
yuan
per
kilometer.
This
is
far
__4__
expensive
than
that
in
European
capitals.
In
London,
for
example,
two
kilometers'
ride
could
cost
you
about
RMB
63
yuan.
Taxicabs
as
we
know
them
today
first
__5__
(appear)
in
China
in
the
early
20th
century,
but
__6__
(be)
the
reserve
(特权)
of
the
rich
and
the
powerful.
Nowadays,
__7__
(take)
a
cab
is
commonplace
in
China.
Before
coming
to
China,
I
__8__
(warn)
that
there
were
drivers
who
would
make
long
detours
(绕行)
__9__
(get)
higher
fares.
However,
most
taxi
drivers
I
have
met
are
nice.
They
know
the
city
like
the
back
of
their
hands,
and
are
glad
to
be
__10__
some
help.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案与解析
1．it 考查代词。句意为：出租车绝对是最方便的交通工具，因为你只需要抬一下手臂就可以毫不费劲地打到一辆出租车。设空处为requires的主语，且应为第三人称单数，此处用it作形式主语，代替后面真正的主语动词不定式结构。故填it。
2．affordable 考查词性转换。句意为：此外，中国的出租车费用也是(人们)承担得起的。be动词后常用形容词作表语，结合语境可知，故填affordable。
3．the 考查冠词。句意为：在首都，白天时间出租车起步价是前3公里13元，之后每公里2.3元。first为序数词，常用定冠词the修饰。故填定冠词the。
4．less 考查比较等级。句意为：这比欧洲的首都城市便宜得多。根据than可判断此处应用比较级；再根据后文“比如在伦敦，两公里就要花费63元人民币”可知，设空处应表示“更少”，故填less。
5．appeared 考查动词的时态。句意为：我们如今所知道的出租车早在20世纪初期就首次出现在中国，但只是有钱有权人士的特权。根据时间状语in
the
early
20th
century“在20世纪初”可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填appeared。
6．were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。设空处be动词的主语为taxicabs，且时态为一般过去时，故填were。
7．taking/to
take 考查非谓语动词。句意为：现在，在中国乘出租车是很常见的了。________a
cab是句子的主语，应用动名词或动词不定式充当主语，故填taking或to
take。
8．was
warned/had
been
warned 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：在我来中国之前，就被提醒说有很多司机会(故意)绕行来获取更高的车费。根据前文作者来中国之前得到的提醒可知，设空处应使用过去时(一般过去时或过去完成时)，且是“被提醒”，应用被动语态，故填was
warned/had
been
warned。
9．to
get 考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。get
higher
fares
(收取更高的车费)是司机make
long
detours的目的，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to
get。
10．of 考查介词。句意为：他们对中国的城市了如指掌，并且很开心能帮得上忙。此处考查“be
of＋名词”结构，即be
of
help，相当于helpful。故填of。
Ⅰ.七选五
As
we
all
know,
friendship
is
of
great
importance
in
our
daily
life.
A
friend
can
give
us
help
and
share
our
difficulties
and
happiness.
But
how
to
make
friends
is
still
difficult
to
some
of
us.
__1__
1．Be
friendly
to
others.
__2__
You
should
try
to
make
a
stranger
feel
at
home
wherever
he
happens
to
be.
Think
more
of
others
than
of
yourself
and
never
judge
a
person
by
his
appearance
and
clothes.
2．Be
reliable.
If
you
and
your
friend
agree
to
meet
somewhere,
don't
be
late.
If
you're
not
going
to
make
it
on
time
or
make
it
at
all,
call
him
as
soon
as
you
realize
it.
__3__
Be
someone
that
people
know
they
can
depend
on.
3．__4__
Listen
carefully
to
what
people
say,
remember
important
details
about
them
(their
names,
their
likes
and
dislikes),
ask
questions
about
their
interests,
and
just
spend
the
time
in
learning
more
about
them.
4．Encourage
your
friends:
A
true
friend
always
gives
courage
to
his
friends.
__5__
Never
make
fun
of
or
laugh
at
your
friends
in
front
of
others.
You
should
come
to
support
them.
A．Be
a
good
listener.
B．When
you
say
you'll
do
something,
do
it.
C．A
friend
to
all
is
a
friend
to
none.
D．The
following
information
can
give
you
some
tips：
E．And
never
leave
your
friend
when
he
is
in
trouble.
F．Smile
at
others
and
you
are
sure
to
get
a
smile
in
return.
G．He
will
remain
with
them
in
both
good
and
bad
times.
答案
1．D 2.F 3.B 4.A 5.G
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假如你校团委为了提高中学生对太空科学的热爱，准备组织一个太空爱好者的夏令营活动，成员们可以相互交流，并允许去西昌一个发射塔(launching
tower)参观。假如你是高二·三班的学生李华，对此非常感兴趣，请你用英语写一封申请信。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
范文
Dear
Sir
or
Madame，
I
was
so
excited
to
hear
the
news
that
you
are
going
to
organize
a
summer
camp
for
space
lovers.
I'm
writing
to
let
you
know
that
I
would
like
to
become
a
member
of
it
very
much.
As
a
student
of
Class
3
Senior
2,
I'm
curious
about
space.
I
have
had
a
hobby
of
collecting
pictures
of
stars
since
primary
school.
I'd
like
to
communicate
with
other
space
lovers,
share
my
knowledge
of
space
with
them,
and
learn
from
them.
I'm
also
interested
in
visiting
the
launching
tower
in
Xichang.
I
know
it
will
be
very
interesting
and
rewarding.
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
take
my
application
into
consideration.
Yours，
Li
HuaUnit
4
Astronomy：the
science
of
the
stars
课时作业15
Ⅰ.阅读词汇检测
阅读下列句子，写出黑体词或词组的含义。
1．Anything
with
strong
gravity
attracts
other
things
to
it.
含义______________________
2．—Where
did
the
plane
crash
last
Sunday?
—In
the
Indian
Ocean.
含义______________________
3．After
finishing
the
work,
all
of
us
felt
exhausted.
含义______________________
4．If
you
keep
practicing,
you
will
get
the
hang
of
it.
含义______________________
5．This
fact
did
not
lessen
her
sense
of
achievement
(成就)．
含义______________________
答案
1．重力/万有引力 2.坠毁 3.筋疲力尽的
4．熟悉/掌握/理解 5.减少
Ⅱ.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
now
that,
break
out,
more
than,
watch
out,
block
out,
get
the
hang
of,
die
out,
make
up,
begin...with,
cheer
up
1．The
speaker
________
his
speech
________
his
self?introduction
yesterday.
2．________________
Bill
has
a
long
holiday,
he
can
go
abroad
to
have
a
trip.
3．You
look
sad.
________________！
Everything
will
be
all
right
soon.
4．That
guy
was
a
dangerous
person.
You
should
________________
for
him.
5．As
soon
as
the
professor
finished
his
lecture,
thunderous
applause
________________.
6．The
heavy
smoke
from
the
big
fire
is
rising
into
the
sky,
________________
the
sunlight.
7．Scientists
predict
about
two
thousand
species
will
probably
________________
in
a
century.
8．Press
the
button
when
the
light
goes
on—you
will
soon
________________
it.
9．The
farmers
from
villages
________________
about
15
percent
of
the
city's
total
population.
10．He
is
________________
a
good
teacher,
but
a
close
friend
to
us
all.
答案
1．began;
with 2.Now
that 3.Cheer
up 4.watch
out
5．broke
out 6.blocking
out 7.die
out 8.get
the
hang
of
9．make
up 10.more
than
Ⅲ.同义句改写
1．I
believe
that
all
the
people
in
the
world
want
a
peaceful
world.
________
________
________
is
that
all
the
people
in
the
world
want
a
peaceful
world.
2．I
have
explained
it
three
times,
but
he
is
too
stupid
to
understand
such
a
truth.
I
have
explained
it
three
times,
but
he
is
________
________
________
he
can't
understand
such
a
truth.
3．Since
you
have
got
such
a
good
chance,
you
should
make
full
use
of
it.
________
________
you
have
got
such
a
good
chance,
you
should
make
full
use
of
it.
4．This
week
it
is
your
turn
to
do
the
housework.
This
week
you
do
the
housework
________
________
________.
5．As
we
all
know,
smoking
does
harm
to
our
health.
As
we
all
know,
smoking
________
________
________
our
health.
答案
1．What
I
believe 2.so
stupid
that 3.Now
that
4．in
your
turn 5.is
harmful
to
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我把这个好消息告诉了她，想使她高兴起来。
I
tried
__________________________
by
telling
her
the
good
news.
2．有些叶子漂浮在水面上。
There
were
some
leaves
________________________.
3．到了接受教育的年龄了，她被送到了当地一所学校。
__________________________，
she
was
sent
to
a
local
school.
4．有一座难看的大楼把窗外的景色挡住了。
There
is
an
ugly
building
__________________________
the
view
outside
the
window.
5．在回家的路上他看见一辆汽车撞到了墙上。
On
the
way
home
he
__________________________.
6．狗拉雪橇在北极地区很常见。
Sleds
__________________________
are
in
common
use
in
the
Arctic.
7．被大火烧毁的房子被重建了。
The
house
__________________________
was
rebuilt.
8．既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。
You
ought
to
have
a
good
rest
________________________.
9．在密切注意那个戴黑帽子的高个子男人时，他发现了另外一个嫌疑犯。
While
__________________________
the
tall
man
in
a
black
hat,
he
found
another
suspect.
10．这两个国家之间的不同见解导致了战争的爆发。
The
disagreement
between
the
two
countries
led
to
_____________.
答案
1．to
cheer
her
up
2．floating/which
floated
on
the
water
3．Old
enough
to
receive
education
4．blocking
out/which
blocks
out
5．saw
a
car
crash
into
a
wall
6．pulled
by
dogs
7．(which
has
been)
pulled
down
by
fire
8．now
that
you've
finished
the
work
9．watching
out
for
10．the
war
breaking
out
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Astronauts
on
shorter
shuttle
missions
(太空飞行任务)
often
work
very
long
days.
Tasks
are
scheduled
so
tightly
that
break
time
is
often
used
to
finish
the
day's
work.
This
type
of
schedule
is
far
too
demanding
for
long
missions
on
the
International
Space
Station
(ISS).
ISS
crew
members
usually
live
in
space
for
at
least
a
quarter
of
a
year.
They
work
five
days
on
and
two
days
off
to
mimic
the
normal
way
they
do
things
on
the
earth
as
much
as
possible.
Weekends
give
the
crew
valuable
time
to
rest
and
do
a
few
hours
of
housework.
They
can
communicate
with
families
and
friends
by
e?mail,
Internet
phone
and
through
private
videoconferencing.
While
astronauts
cannot
go
to
a
baseball
game
or
a
movie
in
orbit,
there
are
many
familiar
activities
that
they
can
still
enjoy.
Before
a
mission,
the
family
and
friends
of
each
ISS
crew
member
put
together
a
collection
of
family
photos,
messages,
videos
and
reading
material
for
the
astronaut
to
look
at
when
he
will
be
floating
370
kilometres
above
the
earth.
During
their
mission,
astronauts
also
receive
care
packages
with
CDs,
books,
magazines,
photos
and
letters.
And
from
early
2010,
the
Internet
became
available
on
the
ISS,
giving
astronauts
the
chance
to
do
some
“web
surfing
(冲浪)”
in
their
personal
time.
Besides
relaxing
with
these
more
common
entertainments,
astronauts
can
simply
enjoy
the
experience
of
living
in
space.
Many
astronauts
say
that
one
of
the
most
relaxing
things
to
do
in
space
is
to
look
out
the
window
and
stare
at
the
universe
and
the
earth.
Both
the
shuttle
and
the
ISS
circle
the
planet
several
times
each
day,
and
every
moment
offers
a
new
view
of
the
earth's
vast
land
mass
and
oceans.
1．What
does
the
word
“mimic”
in
Paragraph
1
probably
mean?
A．Find. B．Copy. C．Change. D．Lose.
2．Which
of
the
following
best
describes
the
families
of
the
astronauts
on
the
ISS?
A．They
are
caring
and
thoughtful.
B．They
are
worried
and
upset.
C．They
are
impatient
and
annoyed.
D．They
are
excited
and
curious.
3．In
the
final
paragraph,
the
author
shows
that
astronauts
________.
A．get
more
pleasure
in
space
than
on
the
earth
B．find
living
in
space
a
bit
boring
and
tiring
C．regard
space
life
as
common
D．love
to
see
the
earth
from
space
4．The
passage
mainly
discusses
how
astronauts
________.
A．work
for
long
missions
in
space
B．connect
with
people
on
the
earth
C．observe
the
earth
from
space
D．spend
their
free
time
in
space
答案与解析
宇航员的生活往往是与众不同的，但是宇航员在国际空间站的生活可以跟他们在地球上的生活相似。他们可以与家人或者朋友联系，也可以进行一些日常活动。
1．B 词义猜测题。由第一段中的“They
work
five
days
on
and
two
days
off...”可知，他们在尽量模仿在地球上的生活习惯，因此答案为B。
2．A 推理判断题。由第二段可知在飞行前，这些宇航员的家人以及朋友为他们准备了照片、书籍等供他们消遣的东西，因此这些家人和朋友很体贴并且想法很周全。文章没有讲述宇航员的家人或者朋友对于这些宇航员工作的担心与心烦，或者不耐心与心烦，或者兴奋与好奇，因此可以排除B、C、D。
3．D 推理判断题。从最后一段可知，这些宇航员喜欢从窗口看宇宙和地球，并且地球在不同的时间呈现出不同的画面。
4．D 主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过闲暇时间的。B、C有一定的干扰性。文章提到了宇航员与地面上的家人和朋友联系，也提到了他们透过窗户看地球，但是这些都是细节，不是主题。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A
young
man,
while
traveling
through
a
desert,
came
across
a
spring
of
clear
water.
__1__
water
was
sweet.
He
filled
his
leather
container
so
that
he
could
bring
some
back
to
an
elder
__2__
had
been
his
teacher.
After
a
four?day
journey,
the
young
man
__3__
(present)
the
water
to
the
old
man.
His
teacher
took
a
deep
drink,
smile
__4__
(warm),
and
thanked
his
student
very
much
for
the
sweet
water.
The
young
man
went
home
__5__
a
happy
heart.
After
the
student
left,
the
teacher
let
__6__
student
taste
the
water.
He
spit
it
out,
__7__
(say)
it
was
awful.
Apparently,
it
was
no
longer
fresh
because
of
the
old
leather
container.
He
asked
his
teacher,
“Sir,
the
water
was
awful.
Why
did
you
pretend
to
like
__8__？”
The
teacher
replied,
“You
tasted
the
water.
I
tasted
the
gift.
The
water
was
simply
the
container
for
an
act
of
kindness
and
love.
Nothing
could
be
__9__
(sweet)．”
We
understand
this
lesson
best
__10__
we
receive
gifts
of
love
from
children.
Whether
it
is
a
cheap
pipe
or
a
diamond
necklace,
the
proper
response
is
appreciation.
We
love
the
idea
within
the
gift
rather
than
the
thing.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案与解析
本文通过一位学生向老师送水的故事说明，无论是便宜的烟斗，还是一条项链，我们都应该表示欣赏和感激，因为这份礼物包含深深的爱意。
1．The 特指前面提到的clear
water。
2．who 引导定语从句，指代先行词an
elder。
3．presented 据上下文语境可知使用一般过去式。
4．warmly 修饰动词使用副词。
5．with “带着”愉快的心情回家。
6．another 让“另外一名”学生尝一下。
7．saying 作伴随状语。
8．it 指代上文提到的water。
9．sweeter 否定词加形容词比较级表示最高级含义。
10．when 两句之间为表示时间的逻辑关系。Unit
4
Astronomy：the
science
of
the
stars
课时作业14
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．More
________
(violence)
scenes
in
the
film
were
cut
when
it
was
shown
on
television.
2．It
is
generally
accepted
that
smoking
is
________
(harm)
to
our
health.
3．Mary
was
reading
a
poem
with
a
________
(puzzle)
expression
on
her
face.
Its
deeper
meaning
remained
a
________
(puzzle)
for
her.
4．One
day
while
we
were
________
(lie)
in
the
bed,
my
son
________
(lie)
to
me
that
he
________
(lay)
the
eggs
that
the
hen
had
just
________
(lay)
on
the
table.
5．________
(like)
most
people
in
the
office
who
come
to
work
by
car,
I
usually
come
to
work
by
bus.
6．Some
understanding
of
grammar
is
fundamental
________
learning
a
language.
7．As
the
busiest
woman
in
Norton,
she
made
________
her
duty
to
look
after
all
the
other
people's
affairs
in
that
town.
8．Cindy
didn't
leave
the
office
last
night
________
she
finished
her
job.
9．The
customers
________
(multiply)
their
demands
on
this
kind
of
products
in
the
past
two
years.
10．While
we're
developing
agriculture
and
industry,
we
must
prevent
the
earth
from
________
(pollute)．
答案
1．violent 2.harmful 3.puzzled;
puzzle
4．lying;
lied;
laid;
laid 5.Unlike 6.to 7.it 8.until
9．have
multiplied 10.being
polluted
Ⅱ.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
do
harm
to,
give
birth
to,
lay
eggs,
in
time,
in
one's
turn,
prevent...from...
1．The
warm
weather
here
permits
the
birds
to
______________
all
year
round.
2．The
other
day
my
pet
cat
______________
a
new
little
cat.
3．There
exist
many
factories
along
the
river,
some
of
which
______________
the
environment.
4．We
suggest
that
they
provide
an
effective
warning
system
to
________
most
of
the
disasters
________
happening.
5．We
students
clean
the
classroom
every
day
____________.
6．Work
hard
at
your
lessons,
and
you
are
sure
to
make
progress
____________.
答案
1．lay
eggs 2.gave
birth
to 3.do
harm
to 4.prevent;
from
5．in
our
turn 6.in
time
Ⅰ.完形填空
Once
my
mother
told
me
a
story
that
in
Africa,
when
an
antelope
(羚羊)
wakes
up
every
morning,
the
first
thing
it
thinks
about
is,
“I
must
be
__1__
to
run
faster
than
the
fastest
lion,
or
I
will
be
killed.”
__2__，
a
lion
wakes
from
its
dream.
The
first
thing
the
lion
thinks
about
is,
“I
must
be
able
to
catch
the
__3__
antelope,
or
I
will
starve
to
__4__.”
So
almost
simultaneously
(同时地),
the
antelope
and
the
lion
get
up
and
start
running
towards
the
__5__
sun.
This
is
__6__：
full
of
chances
and
challenges.
Whether
you
are
an
antelope
or
a
lion,
you
must
go
__7__
when
the
sun
rises.
For
students,
it
is
just
the
same.
If
we
don't
study
hard,
sooner
or
later,
we
will
__8__
the
other
students.
At
first
I
didn't
know
what
the
word
“exam”
__9__.
Later,
I
knew
an
exam
was
a
kind
of
__10__.
In
competitions,
there
are
always
winners
and
__11__.
As
I
grew
up,
I
got
to
know
competition
well.
In
one's
life,
there
must
be
competitions,
so
people
can
__12__.
Each
time
I
saw
children
playing
games
and
heard
their
__13__，
I
wished
I
were
that
age
again.
__14__，
I
remembered
my
parents'
words:
you
must
work
very
hard
for
a
good
future.
So
I
__15__
my
pen
and
began
to
study
hard
again.
I
was
still
not
sure
what
competition
__16__
meant.
One
day,
I
was
__17__
in
an
English?speaking
competition.
When
I
went
to
the
stage,
I
saw
other
students
looking
at
me
kindly.
Suddenly
I
__18__
what
competition
was.
It
is
not
as
cruel
as
my
teachers
and
parents
told
me.
In
fact,
competition
is
the
__19__：
it
is
kind
and
necessary.
I
learned
a
lot
from
realizing
this
__20__.
Now
I
understand
better
about
the
world.
Competition
is
important
for
us
all.
1．A.able
B．willing
C．ready
D．eager
2．A.On
the
contrary
B．At
the
same
time
C．In
other
words
D．In
the
first
place
3．A.fastest
B．weakest
C．slowest
D．strongest
4．A.death
B．survival
C．disease
D．suffering
5．A.sinking
B．setting
C．shining
D．rising
6．A.rule
B．life
C．study
D．exam
7．A.over
B．through
C．ahead
D．beyond
8．A.fall
behind
B．pass
by
C．catch
up
D．hold
back
9．A.felt
B．meant
C．referred
D．doubted
10．A.victory
B．defeat
C．process
D．competition
11．A.competitor
B．players
C．losers
D．fighters
12．A.improve
B．conclude
C．acquire
D．handle
13．A.crying
B．laughter
C．whisper
D．delight
14．A.However
B．Therefore
C．Besides
D．Otherwise
15．A.put
up
B．brought
up
C．made
up
D．picked
up
16．A.commonly
B．simply
C．obviously
D．really
17．A.succeeding
B．participating
C．taking
D．getting
18．A.doubted
B．acknowledged
C．knew
D．admitted
19．A.tough
B．important
C．content
D．opposite
20．A.experience
B．knowledge
C．fact
D．consequence
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过狮子和羚羊的故事告诉我们：在生活中要勇敢面对挑战，努力为未来奋斗。同时还通过自己的经历解释了考试和竞争的意义。
1．A “我”一定要能够跑得比最快的狮子还要快。able有能力的；willing愿意的；ready有准备的；eager急切的。故选A。
2．B 同时狮子从梦中醒来。on
the
contrary相反；at
the
same
time同时；in
other
words换句话说；in
the
first
place首先。故选B。
3．C 狮子认为“我”一定要比跑得最慢的羚羊要快，否则就会被饿死。fastest最快的；weakest最弱的；slowest最慢的；strongest最强壮的。故选C。
4．A 狮子认为一定要比跑得最慢的羚羊要快，否则就会被饿死。death死亡；survival幸存；disease疾病；suffering苦难。故选A。
5．D 这里指狮子和羚羊都朝着升起的太阳奔跑。sink下沉；set落下；shine闪烁；rise升起。故选D。
6．B 本文用狮子和羚羊的故事来比喻生活中的竞争。rule规则；life生活；study学习；exam考试。故选B。
7．C 当太阳升起的时候，我们一定要奔跑起来。over在……之上；through通过；ahead提前；beyond超出。故选C。
8．A 如果我们不努力我们就会落后。fall
behind落后；pass
by经过；catch
up赶上；hold
back抑制。故选A。
9．B “我”不知道考试这个单词的真正意思。feel感觉；mean意思是；refer指，涉及；doubt怀疑。故选B。
10．D 考试是一种竞争。victory胜利；defeat击败；process过程；competition竞争。故选D。
11．C 既然是竞争，就会有胜利者和失败者。competitor竞争者；
player选手；
loser失败者；
fighter奋斗者，战士。故选C。
12．A 在我们的生活里，一定要有竞争，我们才能提高。improve提高；conclude结束；acquire获得；handle处理。故选A。
13．B 每次我看到孩子们玩游戏，听到他们的笑声，我就希望我能回到那个年龄。crying哭泣；laughter笑声；whisper低声说话；delight高兴。故选B。
14．A 然而，“我”记得父母的话：你必须要努力，以便有一个美好的未来。however然而；therefore所以；besides另外；otherwise否则。故选A。
15．D “我”就拿起了笔，继续学习。put
up留宿；bring
up抚养；make
up化妆；pick
up拿起。故选D。
16．D “我”并不确定竞争真正的意思是什么。commonly普通地；simply简单地；obviously明显地；really真正地。故选D。
17．B “我”在参加一个英语演讲比赛。succeed成功；participate参加；take拿；get获得。故选B。
18．C 就在这个时候“我”才知道竞争的意思。doubt怀疑；acknowledge承认；know知道；admit承认。故选C。
19．D 竞争的真正含义和父母、老师说的是不一样的。the
opposite相反的事物。tough难的；important重要的；content满意的；opposite相反的。故选D。
20．C “我”从这个事实中学会了很多的道理。experience经验；knowledge知识；fact事实；consequence结果。故选C。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Once
upon
a
time,
two
brothers
who
lived
on
neighbouring
farms
fell
into
conflict.
It
was
the
first
serious
disagreement
in
forty
years
of
farming
side
by
side,
sharing
machinery,
and
trading
labour
and
goods
as
needed
without
a
hitch.
Then
the
long
cooperation
fell_apart.
It
began
with
a
small
misunderstanding
and
then
grew
into
a
major
difference,
and
finally
it
exploded
into
an
exchange
of
bitter
words
followed
by
weeks
of
silence.
One
morning,
there
was
a
knock
on
John's
door.
He
opened
it
to
find
a
man
with
a
carpenter's
toolbox.
“I'm
looking
for
a
few
days'
work，”
he
said.
“Perhaps
you
have
a
few
jobs
here
and
there.
Could
I
help
you？”“Yes，”
said
John.
“I
do
have
a
job
for
you.
Look
across
the
small
creek
at
that
farm.
That's
my
neighbor.
In
fact,
it's
my
younger_brother.
Last
week
there
was
a
meadow
between
us
and
he
took
his
bulldozer
(推土机)
there
and
now
there
is
a
creek
between
us.
Well,
he
may
have
done
this
to
annoy
me
but
I'll
do
better.
See
that
pile
of
wood
by
the
barn
(谷仓)?
I
want
you
to
build
a
fence—an
8?foot?high
fence—so
I
won't
need
to
see
his
place
anymore.”
The
carpenter
said,
“I
think
I
understand
the
situation.
Show
me
the
nails
and
hole?digger
and
I'll
be
able
to
do
a
job
that
pleases
you.”
The
older
brother
had
to
go
to
the
town
for
supplies,
so
he
helped
the_carpenter
get
everything
ready
and
then
he
left.
The
carpenter
worked_hard
all
that
day
measuring,
sawing
and
nailing.
At
sunset
when
John
returned,
the
carpenter
had
just
finished
his
job.
John's
eyes
opened
wide,
his
jaw
dropped.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph
1：
There
was
no
fence
at
all.
It
was
a
bridge！____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2：
They
turned
to
see
the
carpenter
lift
the
toolbox
onto
his
shoulder.__
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
范文
Paragraph
1：
There
was
no
fence
at
all.
It
was
a
bridge!
A
bridge
stretched
from
one
side
of
the
creek
to
the
other!
John
was
about
to
complain
about
everything,
when
he
found
the
neighbor,_his
younger_brother,_was
coming
across
the
bridge,
his
hands
outstretched.
“You
are
quite
a
fellow
to
build
this
bridge
after
all
I
have
said
and
done，”
said
John's
brother.
The
two
brothers
met
in
the
middle,
taking
each
other's
hand
and
hugging
each
other.
Paragraph
2：
They
turned
to
see
the
carpenter
lift
the
toolbox
onto
his
shoulder.
“No,
wait!
Stay
a
few
more
days.
We
have
more
jobs
for
you，”
said
the
older
brother.
“I'd
love
to
stay
on，”
the_carpenter
said,
“but
I
have
many
more
bridges
to
build.”
Observing
the
carpenter
leaving,
the
two
brothers
waved
grateful
good
bye
to
him.
What
a
thought?provoking
story!
Every
day
we
have
the
choice
of
building
a
fence
or
a
bridge.
One
leads
to
separation
and
anger
while
the
other
leads
to
openness
and
friendship.Unit
4 Astronomy:
the
science
of
the
stars
课时作业13
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
预习Reading部分的词汇，完成下列小短文。写出画线部分的汉语意思。
Li
Hua
is
a
middle
school
student,
who
likes
astronomy
1.________.
He
knows
a
lot
about
solar
2.________
system.
The
boy
wants
to
be
an
astronomer
with
a
good
knowledge
of
space.
He
knows
knowledge
is
fundamental
3.________
to
his
dream.
Thus
4.________
he
is
working
hard
to
make
his
dream
come
true.
He
believes
he
will
be
famous
all
over
the
globe
5.________.
答案
1．天文学 2.太阳的 3.基本的/基础的 4.因此 5.地球
Ⅱ.浏览课文，完成下列练习
1．The
text
mainly
tells
us
the
________
of
the
earth
and
the
________
of
life
on
it.
2．Which
is
the
right
order
of
the
development
of
life?
A．Small
clever
animals→shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals.
B．Shellfish→dinosaurs→small
clever
animals→mammals.
C．Shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals→small
clever
animals.
D．Dinosaurs→shellfish→mammals→small
clever
animals.
答案
1．formation;
development 2.C
Ⅲ.阅读课文HOW
LIFE
BEGAN
ON
THE
EARTH并回答下列问题
1．What
is
the
right
order
according
to
the
text?
①Animals
appeared
and
spread.
②The
formation
of
the
earth.
③Plants
appeared.
④Difference
between
the
earth
and
other
planets.
A．②—③—④—①
B．②—④—③—①
C．③—④—①—②
D．②—①—④—③
2．Why
was
the
earth
different
from
other
planets?
A．It
produced
a
lot
of
heat.
B．Water
remained.
C．Water
disappeared.
D．It
was
the
oldest
planet.
3．What
is
the
main
cause
that
life
was
able
to
develop
on
the
earth
but
not
on
other
planets?
A．The
earth
had
a
solid
shape.
B．The
earth
did
not
have
harmful
gases
in
its
atmosphere.
C．Water
stayed
on
the
earth
but
not
on
other
planets.
D．The
earth
was
neither
too
hot
nor
too
cold.
4．Why
was
it
necessary
for
plants
to
grow
before
animals?
A．Animals
needed
plants
to
protect
them
from
the
sun.
B．Plants
provided
oxygen
for
animals
to
breathe.
C．Animals
could
hide
from
hunters
in
the
forest.
D．It
was
easier
for
plants
to
grow.
5．It
can
be
inferred
from
the
text
that
________.
A．after
the
“Big
Bang”，
what
the
dust
was
to
become
remained
a
mystery
B．plants
appeared
after
the
animals
C．the
plants
multiplied
and
filled
the
oceans
with
oxygen
D．plants
played
an
important
part
in
the
appearance
of
the
animals
答案
1．B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D
Ⅳ.根据课文HOW
LIFE
BEGAN
ON
THE
EARTH的内容填空
The
earth
was
just
a
cloud
of
1.________
after
the
“Big
Bang”.
The
earth
2.________
loudly
with
fire
and
rock.
They
were
in
3.________
to
produce
many
things,
which
were
to
make
the
earth's
atmosphere.
As
the
earth
cooled
down,
water
began
to
appear
on
its
surface.
It
allowed
the
earth
to
dissolve
4.________
gases.
Then
life
began
to
develop.
The
first
small
plants
5.________
and
filled
the
oceans
and
seas
with
oxygen.
This
encouraged
the
6.________
of
early
shellfish
and
fish.
Land
animals
such
as
insects,
reptiles
and
dinosaurs
and
so
on
appeared
after
green
plants
appeared.
Small
clever
animals
7.________
all
over
the
earth.
They
are
putting
too
8.________
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere,
which
9.________
heat
from
escaping
from
the
earth
into
space.
Whether
life
will
continue
on
the
earth
for
millions
of
years
to
come
will
10.________
on
whether
this
problem
can
be
solved.
答案
1．dust 2.exploded 3.time 4.harmful 5.multiplied
6．development 7.spread 8.much 9.prevents 10.depend
阅读理解
A
The
earth
is
the
only
planet
that
scientists
think
has
life.
Why
does
the
earth
have
life
while
other
planets
don't?
For
one
thing,
the
earth
has
just
the
right
temperature.
As
the_third_planet
from
the
sun,
the
earth
seems
to
be
just
the
right
distance
away.
The
planets
which
are
closer
to
the
sun
are
so
hot
that
their
surfaces
bake
in
the
sun.
The
farthest
planets
are
cold
balls.
When
the
earth
developed—which
scientists
believe
may
have
happened
about
four
billion
years
ago—many
gases
covered
the
earth.
The
gases
caused
the
earth
to
be
hot.
But
something
wonderful
happened.
The
temperature
was
just
right
for
thick
clouds
to
form.
It
rained
very
hard
for
a
very
long
time.
This
gave
the
earth
its
oceans.
Water
made
it
possible
for
plants
to
grow.
The
plants
created
oxygen
into
the
atmosphere.
Oxygen
is
the
gas
that
humans
and
animals
breathe.
Only
one
other
planet
in
the
solar
system
seems
to
be
something
like
the
earth.
That
planet
is
Mars
(火星).
Mars
is
smaller
than
the
earth,
and
it
is
quite
a
bit
cooler.
But
it
is
not
too
cold
for
humans.
On
some
days,
the
temperatures
are
as
low
as
a
winter
day
in
the
northern
United
States.
If
you
wore
a
special
spacesuit,
you
could
walk
around
on
Mars.
You
would
have
to
bring
your
own
air
to
breathe,
because
the
air
on
Mars
is
too
thin
to
breathe.
Mars
has
the
largest
volcano
(火山)
in
the
solar
system.
It
is
sixteen
miles
high.
The
highest
volcano
on
the
earth
is
five
miles
high.
The
most
unexpected
sight
on
Mars
is
dried?up
river
beds.
Scientists
believe
that
Mars
was
once
much
better
than
it
is
now.
Does
this
mean
there
could
have
been
living
things
on
Mars?
Scientists
are
not
sure,
but
there
has
been
no
sign
so
far.
1．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
the
reason
that
the
earth
has
life?
A．The
earth
has
just
the
right
temperature.
B．The
volcanos
on
the
earth
are
lower
than
those
on
Mars.
C．There
is
oxygen
in
the
atmosphere
of
the
earth.
D．The
earth
seems
to
be
just
the
right
distance
away
from
the
sun.
2．The
underlined
phrase
“the
third
planet”
in
the
first
paragraph
refers
to
“________”．
A．the
sun
B．the
moon
C．the
earth
D．Mars
3．Which
of
the
following
about
Mars
is
NOT
true?
A．There
could
have
been
living
things
on
Mars.
B．Mars
has
the
largest
volcano
in
the
solar
system.
C．There
is
almost
no
oxygen
in
the
air
on
Mars.
D．Mars
is
smaller
than
the
earth,
and
it
is
quite
a
bit
cooler.
答案与解析
本文主要讲述的是地球适合人类生存的原因以及科学家发现火星与地球相似，但还没有在火星上发现生命迹象。
1．B 细节理解题。结合文章第一、二段可知地球有生命存在的原因包括地球上合适的温度、与太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。火山与此无关。故选B项。
2．C 推理判断题。结合文章第一段的“As
the
third
planet
from
the
sun,
the
earth
seems
to
be
just
the
right
distance
away.”可知这里的the
third
planet指地球，故选C项。
3．A 细节理解题。文章最后一段提到火星上有干涸的河床的迹象，但这一点并不能证实火星上存在生命，故A项不正确。
B
Zero
gravity
looks
cool.
But
what
about
the
thing
no
one
likes
to
talk
about?
Yes,
that
is
right:
going
to
the
bathroom.
Zero
gravity
makes
this
everyday
task
quite
a
challenge.
Astronauts
have
to
be
toilet?trained
all
over
again.
The
Apollo
astronauts
raised
themselves
off
the
seat
of
their
chairs
and
stuck
a
clear
plastic
bag
to
their
back
sides
with
sticky
strips.
A
second
astronaut
watched
closely
to
be
sure
no
waste
matter
escaped
the
seal.
(You
would
not
want
that
stuff
floating
around
the
cabin！)
When
the
deed
was
done,
the
astronaut
cleaned
up
with
a
piece
of
plastic
attached
to
the
inside
of
the
bag,
removed
the
bag,
dropped
a
disinfectant
(消毒剂)
pill
in
with
the
waste
matter,
and
put
the
whole
thing,
sealed,
into
a
special
container.
Donald
W．Rethke,
an
engineer
for
Hamilton
Standard
Space
Systems,
developed
a
more
private
way
to
answer
nature's
call:
the
space
toilet.
It
is
somewhat
like
the
kind
of
toilet
one
would
find
on
commercial
airplanes—with
unique
adaptations
for
zero
gravity,
of
course.
For
instance,
it
has
thigh
bars
that
keep
the
astronaut
from
floating
off
the
seat.
The
astronaut
(male
or
female)
defecates
(排便)
in
a
bag
and
urinates
(排尿)
in
a
hose.
Solid
and
liquid
wastes
are
kept
separated
because
at
least
85%
of
the
urine
is
recycled
and,
yes,
after
careful
filtration
(过滤),
used
for
drinking
and
other
purposes.
(Water
is
always
in
demand
in
space.)
A
vacuum
facility
sucks
the
waste
materials
into
the
toilet,
where
the
waste
is
compacted
into
hamburger?like
patties
for
easy
storage.
Although
not
exactly
like
an
earthbound
visit
to
the
toilet,
it
is
at
the
very
least
much
more
private
than
in
the
early
days
of
space
travel.
4．According
to
the
first
paragraph,
the
lack
of
the
gravity
can
turn
something
as
simple
as
________
into
a
major
challenge.
A．eating
B．taking
baths
C．sleeping
D．going
to
the
restroom
5．How
did
astronauts
use
toilet
systems
in
the
Apollo
days?
A．None
of
the
wastes
were
separated
as
they
are
now.
B．Solid
wastes
were
compressed
(压缩)
and
stored
on
board.
C．The
toilet
units
used
water
to
remove
the
wastes
through
the
system.
D．The
astronauts
each
used
their
own
private
restroom.
6．To
ensure
the
user
remains
seated,
the
toilet
was
equipped
with
________.
A．a
plastic
bag
B．a
sticky
strip
C．a
wide
hose
D．thigh
bars
7．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
fact
that
most
of
the
astronauts'
urine
is
recycled?
A．The
recycled
water
tastes
better.
B．Water
is
limited
on
the
space
shuttle.
C．It
is
very
convenient
to
get
their
urine
recycled.
D．Space
science
includes
recycling
urine.
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在空间站是怎样上卫生间的。
4．D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Yes,
that
is
right:
going
to
the
bathroom.
Zero
gravity
makes
this
everyday
task
quite
a
challenge.”可知，在没有重力的情况下，去厕所都是一种挑战。故选D。
5．A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“...put
the
whole
thing,
sealed,
into
a
special
container.”可知，当时宇航员排出的所有废物都会被密封，放在一个特殊的容器里。由此推知，那个时候大小便是不分的，而现在是分开的，小便被循环利用。故选A。
6．D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“...it
has
thigh
bars
that
keep
the
astronaut
from
floating
off
the
seat.”可知，厕所安装了thigh
bars，故选D。
7．B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“...because
at
least
85%
of
the
urine
is
recycled
and,
yes,
after
careful
filtration
(过滤),
used
for
drinking
and
other
purposes.
(Water
is
always
in
demand
in
space.)”可知，至少85%的尿液被循环利用，经过仔细过滤之后，被用来饮用和其他用途(在太空水总是需要的)。由此推知，在航天飞机上水是有限的。故选B。
