Unit
4
Sharing
在一家收容所，作者尽全力帮助一位妇女获取GED文凭，并经常与那里的人交流。通过这项工作，她发现志愿工作非常有意义！
Through
my
work
at
a
shelter,
I
have
discovered
how
fulfilling
volunteer
work
can
be.
This
is
a
shelter
for
women
with
severe
problems.
Almost
all
of
the
residents
have
been
either
physically
or
mentally
abused.
The
shelter
provides
housing
for
up
to
twenty?nine
women.
As
a
volunteer,
I
spend
part
of
my
day
pricing
and
sorting
clothes
and
performing
a
variety
of
duties.
However,
the
true
challenge
of
my
days
is
Annie.
This
woman,
probably
in
her
late
fifties,
has
decided
that
she
wants
to
get
her
GED
(学历证书).
I
have
always
had
an
interest
in
teaching,
so
I
offer
to
work
with
her.
Annie
and
I
agree
that,
because
I
am
not
a
math
person,
we
would
focus
on
the
literature
and
the
arts
of
the
test.
She
has
some
serious
problems,
the
medications
she
takes
causes
her
to
have
difficulty
concentrating.
Her
inability
to
focus
contributes
to
my
frustrations,
but
Annie
is
determined
to
get
her
GED
and
she
is
so
sincerely
grateful
for
my
help.
Sometimes
it
occurs
to
me
that
I
may
not
really
be
the
teacher;
it
seems
as
though
I
learn
a
lot
from
my
“student”.
It
is
hard
to
watch
her
struggle
through
a
paragraph，but
I
can
only
help
her
to
a
certain
point.
She
has
problems
with
reading
and
comprehending.
Her
medication
also
causes
her
to
shake
so
that
her
handwriting
is
poor
and
she
must
translate
her
work
for
me.
Aside
from
helping
Annie
learn,
I
frequently
communicate
with
the
other
people
at
the
shelter.
Most
of
the
women
are
glad
to
have
someone
to
talk
to
and
I
like
talking
to
them,
too.
I
have
become
more
aware
of
the
comfortable
life
I
lead,
and
I
am
learning
to
look
at
things
from
another
person's
eyes,
understanding
how
to
appreciate
precious
things
I
take
for
granted.
[阅读障碍词]
1．medication
n．
药物
2．inability
n.
无能，无能为力
[诱思导读]
1．How
does
the
author
feel
about
this
volunteer
work?
A．Boring.
B．Frustrated.
C．Satisfying.
D．Stressful.
2．Do
you
think
the
author
would
continue
to
help
the
woman
to
get
her
GED?
Why?
[答案] 1.C
2．Yes，because
helping
others
has
taught
her
to
appreciate
what
she
has.
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.muddy
A．n.观念；概念
( )2.concept
B．adj.泥泞的；泥土般的
( )3.relevant
C．adj.遥远的；偏僻的
( )4.remote
D．adj.有关的；切题的
( )5.adjust
E．vi.参与；参加
( )6.participate
F．conj.否则；不然
adv.用别的方法；
其他方面
( )7.otherwise
G．vi.&
vt.调整；(使)适合
( )8.privilege
H．adj.&
adv.每周(的)
( )9.arrangement
I．n.安排；排列
( )10.weekly
J．n.特权；特别优待
[答案] 1－5 BADCG 6－10 EFJIH
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．极想；渴望 B．(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
C．(指河流、井等)干涸 D．接到……的信
E．不久前的一天 F．参加；参与
( )1.I
hear
from
my
cousin
every
two
months.
( )2.I
am
dying
to
know
where
you
are
from.
( )3.John
hung
up
his
washing
in
order
to
dry
out.
( )4.Helen
borrowed
my
book
the
other
day，saying
that
she
would
return
it
soon.
( )5.The
stream
dries
up
during
the
hot
summer.
( )6.You
will
find
that
it
is
good
for
you
to
participate
in
a
class
discussion.
[答案] 1－6 DABECF
A
LETTER
HOME
Dear
Rosemary，
Thanks
for
your
letter,
which
took
a
fortnight(两星期)
to
arrive①.It
was
wonderful
to
hear
from
you.
I
know
you're
dying
to
hear
all
about
my
life
here,
so
I've
included
some
photos
which
will
help
you
picture
the
places
I
talk
about②.
一封家书
亲爱的罗斯玛丽：
谢谢你的来信，这封信花费了两星期才到。接到你的信真是太高兴了。我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
[助读讲解] ①which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰your
letter。②which引导定语从句，修饰some
photos；其中还包含一个省略了that/which的定语从句I
talk
about；句中picture作动词，意为“想象”。
You
asked
about
my
high
school.
Well,
it's
a
bush
school
－
the
classrooms
are
made
of
bamboo
and
the
roofs(屋顶)
of
grass.
It
takes
me
only
a
few
minutes
to
walk③
to
school
down
a
muddy
track.When
I
reach
the
school
grounds
there
are
lots
of
“good
mornings”
for
me
from
the
boys.
Many
of
them
have
walked
a
long
way，sometimes
up
to④
two
hours,
to
get
to
school.
你问起我的中学情况。嗯，它是一所丛林学校——教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。我只要沿着一条泥泞的小路步行几分钟就到学校了。当我走到学校操场的时候，迎接我的是男孩子们一片“早上好”的声音。他们中许多人走了很长的路，有时候走多达两个小时才到学校。
[助读讲解] ③It
takes
sb.some
time
to
do
sth.做某事花费某人多少时间。④up
to多达，高达。
There's
no
electricity
or
water
and
even
no
textbooks
either!
I'm
still
trying
to
adapt
to
these
conditions
.
However,
one
thing
is
for
sure,
I've
become
more
imaginative
in
my
teaching.
Science
is
my
most
challenging⑤
subject
as
my
students
have
no
concept
of
doing
experiments⑥.
In
fact
there
is
no
equipment,
and
if
I
need
water
I
have
to
carry
it
from
my
house
in
a
bucket(水桶)!
The
other
day
I
was
showing
the
boys
the
weekly
chemistry
experiment
when，before
I
knew
it，the
mixture
was
bubbling(起泡)
over
everywhere!
The
boys
who
had
never
come
across
anything
like
this
before
started
jumping
out
of
the
windows.
Sometimes
I
wonder
how
relevant
chemistry
is
to
these
students,
most
of
whom
will
be
going
back
to
their
villages
after
Year
8
anyway.
To
be
honest,
I
doubt
whether
I'm
making
any
difference
to⑦
these
boys'
lives
at
all.
这儿没有电，也没有水，甚至连课本也没有！我还在努力适应这些情况。但是有一点是肯定的，我在教学中变得更加富有想象力了。理科对我来说是最富挑战性的课程，因为我的学生对做实验没有概念。实际上，根本没有设备。如果需要水，我还得从家里用水桶提过来！不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！那些从未见过这种情况的男孩子们吓得都往窗外跳去。有时候，我真想知道化学对这些学生究竟有多大的用处。反正他们中大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去。说实在的，我很怀疑我教的课是否会让这些男孩子的生活有所改变。
[助读讲解] ⑤challenging
adj.具有挑战性的。⑥as引导原因状语从句。⑦make
any
difference
to对……有作用/有影响。
You
asked
whether
I'm
getting
to
know
any
local
people.
Well,
that's
actually
quite
difficult
as
I
don't
speak
much
of
the
local
English
dialect
yet.
But
last
weekend
another
teacher,
Jenny,
and
I
did
visit
a
village
which
is
the
home
of
one
of
the
boys,
Tombe⑧.
It
was
my
first
visit
to
a
remote
village.
We
walked
for
two
and
a
half
hours
to
get
there
—
first
up
a
mountain
to
a
ridge(山脊)
from
where
we
had
fantastic
views
and
then
down
a
steep
path
to
the
valley
below.
When
we
arrived
at
the
village,
Tombe's
mother,
Kiak,
who
had
been
pulling
weeds(杂草)
in
her
garden,
started
crying
“ieee
ieee”.
We
shook
hands
with⑨
all
the
villagers.
Everyone
seemed
to
be
a
relative
of
Tombe's.
你问我是否了解当地的人。哦，那实在是太难了，因为我还说不了几句当地人说的英语。不过，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的老师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的一个学生汤贝的家。这是我第一次到遥远的村子里去。我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山爬到山脊，在那儿能看到奇丽的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。
当我们到达村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来是在园子里拔草，看到我们就开始“嗳矣，嗳矣”地叫了起来。我们同所有的村民都握了手。每个人看上去都像是汤贝的亲戚。
[助读讲解] ⑧which引导定语从句，修饰a
village。⑨shake
hands
with
sb.与某人握手。
Tombe's
father,
Mukap,
led
us
to
his
house,
a
low
bamboo
hut(小屋；棚屋)
with
grass
sticking
out⑩
of
the
roof
—
this
shows
it
is
a
man's
house.
The
huts
were
round,
not
rectangular(矩形的)
like
the
school
buildings.
There
were
no
windows
and
the
doorway
was
just
big
enough
to
get
through.
The
hut
was
dark
inside
so
it
took
time
for
our
eyes
to
adjust.
Fresh
grass
had
been
laid
on
the
floor
and
there
was
a
newly
made
platform(平台)
for
Jenny
and
me
to
sleep
on.
Usually
Kiak
would?
sleep
in
her
own
hut,
but
that
night
she
was
going
to
share
the
platform
with
us.
Mukap
and
Tombe
were
to
sleep
on
small
beds
in
another
part
of
the
hut.
There
was
a
fireplace
in
the
centre
of
the
hut
near
the
doorway.
The
only
possessions
I
could
see?
were
one
broom(扫帚),
a
few
tin(锡)
plates
and
cups
and
a
couple
of
jars(罐)．
汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，他把我们带进他的房子，这是一个低矮的顶上有草伸出来的小竹屋——这表示这间房子是男人住的。小屋是圆的，不像教学楼是矩形的。这里没有窗户，房门只够一个人进出。小屋内很黑，因此我们的眼睛要过好一阵子才能适应过来。地上摆放着一堆新鲜的草，还有一个新做的平台，是供珍妮和我睡觉用的。通常齐亚克是睡在她自己的小屋的，但是那天晚上她要同我们一起睡在平台上。莫卡普和汤贝则睡在小屋另一边的小床上。在小屋中间靠近房门的地方有一个火炉。我能看到的仅有的财产是一把扫帚、几个锡盘和锡杯，还有两个罐子。
[助读讲解] ⑩stick
out伸出，突出。?would在此处表示过去的一种习惯。?I
could
see是省略了that的定语从句，修饰possessions。
Outside
Mukap
was
building
a
fire?.
Once
the
fire
was
going,
he
laid
stones
on
it.
When
hot,
he
placed
them
in
an
empty
oil
drum
with
kau
kau
(sweet
potato),
corn
and
greens.
He
then
covered
the
vegetables
with
banana
leaves
and
left
them
to
steam.
I
sniffed(闻)
the
food;
it
smelled
delicious.
We
ate
inside
the
hut
sitting
round
the
fire?.
I
loved
listening
to
the
family
softly
talking
to
each
other
in
their
language,
even
though
I
could
not
participate
in
the
conversation.
Luckily,
Tombe
could
be
our
interpreter(作口译的人)．
莫卡普在屋子外边生火。火一旦着起来后，他往火里扔了几块石头。烧热之后，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考(甜的红薯)、玉米和青菜。然后他用香蕉叶子把这些蔬菜盖上，等着它们蒸熟。我闻着食物；它闻起来很美味。我们在小屋里围着火炉坐下来吃东西。
即使我不能参与到他们的交谈中去，我还是喜欢听他们家里人用自己的语言轻声细语地交谈。幸运的是，汤贝可以做我们的翻译。
[助读讲解] ?build
a
fire生火。?现在分词短语sitting
round
the
fire在句中作方式状语。
Later,
I
noticed
a
tin
can
standing
upside
down
on
the
grill(烤架)
over
the
fire.
After
a
short
time
Tombe
threw
it
out
of
the
doorway.
I
was
puzzled.
Tombe
told
me
that
the
can
was
heated
to
dry
out
the
leftover(剩饭)
food.
They
believe
that
any
leftovers
attract
evil(邪恶)
spirits
in
the
night,
so
the
food
is
dried
up
in
the
can
and
the
can
is
then
thrown
out
of
the
hut.
Otherwise
they
don't
waste
anything.
We
left
the
village
the
next
morning
after
many
goodbyes
and
firm
handshakes.
My
muscles
were
aching
and
my
knees
shaking?
as
we
climbed
down
the
mountain
towards
home.
That
evening
I
fell
happily
into
bed.
It
was
such
a
privilege
to
have
spent
a
day?
with
Tombe's
family.
It's
getting
late
and
I
have
to
prepare
tomorrow's
lessons
and
do
some
paperwork.
Please
write
soon.
Love，
Jo
后来，我注意到一个锡罐倒放在火炉的烤架上。过了一会儿，汤贝把它从门口扔了出去。我迷惑了。汤贝告诉我说，给罐子加热是为了把里面的剩余食物烧干。他们相信剩饭会在夜晚引来邪灵，所以要把食物放在罐里烧干，再把罐子扔到屋外去。除此以外，他们不会浪费任何东西。
第二天早晨，经过一番握手道别之后，我们就离开了村庄。我们下山回家的时候，我的肌肉发痛，膝盖发抖。那天晚上我感觉很开心，倒在床上就睡着了。跟汤贝一家度过一天真是一种殊荣。
天色很晚了，我必须得准备明天的课并且要做一些文书工作。请早日来信。
爱你的，
乔
[助读讲解] ?my
knees
shaking承接and前的分句，knees后省略了were。?It
was
a
privilege
to
do
sth.“做某事是一种殊荣”。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.速读P29－P30教材课文，选择最佳答案
What's
the
main
idea
of
the
letter?
A．Jo
told
Rosemary
what
she
had
done
and
seen
in
Papua
New
Guinea.
B．Jo
advised
us
to
come
to
Papua
New
Guinea.
C．Jo
encouraged
her
friend
to
live
in
Papua
New
Guinea.
D．Jo
introduced
the
local
people's
battle
against
their
enemies.
[答案]
A
Ⅱ.速读P29－P30教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Part
1
(Para.
1)
A．Jo
and
Jenny
visited
Tombe's
home
in
the
village.
2．Part
2
(Paras.
2～3)
B．Closing
of
the
letter.
3．Part
3
(Paras.
4～8)
C．The
school
where
Jo
worked
and
Jo's
work
at
school.
4．Part
4
(Para.
9)
D．Opening
of
the
letter
andintroduction
to
what
will
be
talked
about
in
the
passage.
[答案] 1－4 DCAB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P29－P30教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．In
a
chemistry
experiment
the
boys
jumped
out
of
the
windows
because
they
．
A．were
frightened
by
the
bubbling
mixture
B．couldn't
stand
the
terrible
smell
of
the
mixture
C．didn't
like
doing
chemistry
experiments
D．knew
chemistry
was
not
relevant
to
them
2．Which
of
the
following
descriptions
is
NOT
right
about
Tombe's
house?
A．It
was
a
low
bamboo
hut
with
grass
sticking
out
of
the
roof.
B．It
was
dark
and
there
was
a
fireplace
in
the
centre
of
it.
C．It
was
round?shaped，with
small
windows
and
a
narrow
doorway.
D．There
were
only
a
few
possessions
in
it.
3．The
purpose
that
the
author
wrote
the
letter
is
that
．
A．she
wanted
to
tell
Rosemary
her
teaching
life
in
the
high
school
B．she
wanted
to
tell
Rosemary
her
learning
life
in
the
high
school
C．she
wanted
to
tell
Rosemary
that
she
couldn't
get
any
money
by
teaching
the
poor
students
D．she
wanted
to
tell
Rosemary
how
happy
she
was
in
the
small
village
4．Why
does
Jo
wonder
how
relevant
chemistry
is
to
the
kids?
A．Because
she
thinks
chemistry
is
too
difficult
to
learn.
B．Because
she
thinks
chemistry
may
make
little
difference
to
the
kids'
life.
C．Because
the
kids
there
hardly
come
across
anything
of
chemistry.
D．Because
she
thinks
chemistry
useless.
[答案] 1－4 ACAB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P29－P30教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Jo
works
at
a
bush
school
whose
classrooms
1.are
(be)
made
of
bamboo
and
grass.There's
no
2.electricity(electric)
or
water
there.It
takes
many
of
the
students
about
two
hours
3.to
get
(get)
to
school.Jo
hopes
to
make
some
difference
to
the
children's
lives
by
teaching
them.The
other
day，Jo
and
Jenny
4.visited(visit)
Tombe's
home.When
they
arrived
5.at
the
village，Tombe's
mother
who
6.had
been
working
(work)
in
the
garden，started
crying
“ieee
ieee”．Tombe's
father
led
them
to
his
house，7.a
low
bamboo
hut
with
grass
8.sticking
(stick)
out
of
the
roof，9.where
she
could
only
see
one
broom，a
few
tin
plates
and
cups
and
a
couple
of
jars.That
night
Jo
and
Jenny
slept
on
a
10.newly
(new)
made
platform.They
left
the
village
the
next
morning
after
many
goodbyes
and
handshakes.
PAGEUnit
4
Sharing
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．It
was
a
privilege
(殊荣)
to
be
invited
here.
2．They
are
expected
to
participate
(参加)
in
the
concert.
3．The
concept
(概念)
of
learning
English
gave
me
much
help.
4．What
he
learned
at
university
is
not
relevant
(有关的)
to
his
job.
5．He
volunteered
to
teach
in
a
remote
(遥远的)
mountain
village.
6．He
tried
to
adjust
himself
to
the
new
living
environment.
7．The
rent
is
high，but
otherwise
the
house
is
satisfactory.
8．They
have
made
all
the
arrangements
for
the
conference.
9．I
visited
the
old
house
whose
roof
is
covered
with
grass
the
other
day.
10．You'd
better
not
walk
into
the
room
with
muddy
boots
on
your
feet.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．arrange
v．安排→arrangement
n．安排；排列
2．mud
n．泥；泥浆→muddy
adj.泥泞的；泥土般的
3．relevant
adj.有关的；切题的→relevance
n．关联
4．participate
vi.参与；参加→participation
n．参与；参加
5.
adjust
vi.&
vt.调整；(使)适合→adjustment
n．调整；调节；适应
6．rectangle
n．矩形；长方形→rectangular
adj.长方形的；矩形的
n.＋?y→adj.
n.＋?ar→adj.
cloudy
多云的；被云遮住的salty
含盐的；咸的funny
滑稽可笑的；有趣的
familiar
熟知的singular
单独的polar
南(北)极的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．hear
from
收到……的信
2．(be)
dying
to
极想；渴望
3．the
other
day
不久前的一天
4．up
to
多达
5．come
across
(偶然)遇见，碰见
6．to
be
honest
诚实地说
7．dry
out
(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
8．dry
up
(指河流、井等)干涸
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Hot
sun
and
cold
winds
can
soon
dry
out
your
skin.
2．During
the
drought，the
river
dried
up；as
a
result，many
fish
died.
3．I
heard
from
my
cousin
yesterday，saying
that
he
would
come
to
visit
us
the
next
week.
4．To
be
honest，I
am
still
expecting
more
from
me
as
well.But
believe
me，I
do
everything
I
can
do.
5．Don't
refer
to
a
dictionary
every
time
you
come
across
an
unknown
word.
v.＋from→动词短语
v.＋across→动词短语
result
from
是(由)……造成的depart
from
离开；起程；开出learn
from向……学习
put
across
解释清楚；做成(交易)cut
across
抄近路穿过get
across
使通过；使被理解
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.The
other
day
I
was
showing
the
boys
the
weekly
chemistry
experiment
when，before
I
knew
it，the
mixture
was
bubbling
over
everywhere！不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！
before引导时间状语从句
You
must
finish
your
homework
before
you
go
out
to
play
basketball.你必须完成你的家庭作业才能出去打篮球。
2.The
other
day
I
was
showing
the
boys
the
weekly
chemistry
experiment
when，before
I
knew
it，the
mixture
was
bubbling
over
everywhere！不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！
be
doing
...when
...意为“正在做……，就在这时……”；when为并列连词
I
was
walking
in
the
street
yesterday
afternoon
when
I
met
my
English
teacher.昨天下午我正在街上散步，这时我碰到了我的英语老师。
3.But
last
weekend
another
teacher，Jenny，and
I
did
visit
a
village
which
is
the
home
of
one
of
the
boys，Tombe.不过，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的老师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的一个学生汤贝的家。
助动词do/does/did放于谓语动词前，表示强调
He
did
realize
the
importance
of
English
after
he
went
abroad.出国后，他确实意识到了英语的重要性。
4.When
hot，he
placed
them
in
an
empty
oil
drum
with
kau
kau
(sweet
potato)，corn
and
greens.烧热之后，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考(甜的红薯)、玉米和青菜。
时间状语从句的省略
Please
speak
English
if
(it
is)
possible
and
use
Chinese
when
(it
is)
necessary.如果可能的话请说英语，如果必要的话用汉语。
hear
from
接到……的信、电话等
(教材P29)It
was
wonderful
to
hear
from
you.
接到你的信真是太高兴了。
hear
sb.doing/do...
听到某人在做/做了……
hear
about/of
听说过
hear
sb.out
听某人说完
①I
am
serious；hear
me
out，please.
我是认真的；请听我说完。
②Listen！Do
you
hear
someone
calling
for
help?
听！你听到有人在喊救命吗？
③I've
never
heard
of/about
anyone
doing
a
thing
like
that.
我从来没听说有人会做那种事。
④If
he
hasn't
heard
from
his
daughter
for
half
a
month，he
will
be
anxious
for
her.
如果半个月收不到女儿的信，他就会担心她。
[名师点津]
hear
from后面只能接表示人的名词或代词，不可接letter作它的宾语。hear
from
sb.相当于receive
sb.'s
letter“收到某人的来信”。
(be)
dying
to
极想；渴望
(教材P29)I
know
you're
dying
to
hear
all
about
my
life
here，so
I've
included
some
photos
which
will
help
you
picture
the
places
I
talk
about.
我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
(1)be
dying/anxious/eager/thirsty
for
sth.
渴望得到某物
(2)be
anxious/eager/keen
to
do
sth.
想要做某事；渴望做某事
(3)long
to
do
sth./for
sth.
想要……；渴望……
hope
to
do
sth./for
sth.
希望……
desire
to
do
sth./for
sth.
要求……
①She
was
dying/eager/thirsty
for
a
holiday
to
relax
herself.
她非常渴望一个假期来放松一下自己。
②Out
of
curiosity，I'm
dying/anxious/eager/keen
to
know(know)
the
truth.＝
Out
of
curiosity，I
long/desire/hope
for
the
truth.
出于好奇，我渴望知道事情真相。
③I
long/desire
to
go
(go)
to
London
with
my
family.
我很想和家人一起去伦敦。
the
other
day不久前的一天；那天
(教材P29)The
other
day
I
was
showing
the
boys
the
weekly
chemistry
experiment
when，before
I
knew
it，the
mixture
was
bubbling
over
everywhere!
不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示一个每周的化学实验，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！
the
other
day
“不久前的一天”，只用于一般过去时
one
day
“某一天”，既可用于一般过去时，
也可用于一般将来时
some
day
“将来某一天”，只用于一般将来时
another
day
既可表示近期将来的某一天，意为“改
天”，也可表示过去或状态延续的“又一天”
①Your
dream
will
come
true
some/one
day
in
the
future.
你的梦想会在将来的某天实现。
②I
came
across
my
college
teacher
in
the
Friendship
Department
Store
the
other
day.
不久前的一天我在友谊百货大楼偶然遇见了我的大学老师。
③One
day
I
met
a
friend
of
mine
in
the
street.He
told
me
he
would
come
to
see
me
another
day．So
I
have
been
expecting
him
day
after
day.
一天我在街上遇到了我的一个朋友，他告诉我改天再来看我。因此我就每天盼着他来。
relevant
adj.有关的；切题的；有意义的
(教材P29)Sometimes
I
wonder
how
relevant
chemistry
is
to
these
students，most
of
whom
will
be
going
back
to
their
villages
after
Year
8
anyway.
有时候，我真想知道化学对这些学生究竟有多大的用处。反正他们中大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去。
(1)be
relevant
to
与……有关
(2)relevantly
adv.
有关地；切题地
(3)relevance
n.
关联；贴切；中肯
have
(no)
relevance
to
和……(无)有关
①What
he
said
has
no
direct
relevance
to
the
matter
in
hand.他所说的话与眼下的事没有直接关系。
②His
nationality
is
not
relevant
to
whether
he
is
a
good
lawyer.
他的国籍与他是否是一位好律师无关。
[名师点津]
表示“和……有关”的表达：
①be
related
to... ②be
involved
in... ③be
relevant
to... ④be
linked
to/with... ⑤have
sth.to
do
with... ⑥be
connected/associated
with...
adjust
vi.&
vt.调整；(使)适合
(教材P30)The
hut
was
dark
inside
so
it
took
time
for
our
eyes
to
adjust.
小屋内很黑，因此我们的眼睛要过好一阵子才能适应过来。
(1)adjust
sth.to
sth.
调整……以适应……
adjust
to
(doing)
sth.
适应/习惯(做)某事
adjust
oneself
to...
使自己适应……
(2)adjustable
adj.
可调节的；可调整的
(3)adjustment
n.
调整；调节
make
adjustments
to
对……做出调整
①She
adjusted
the
seat
to
the
height
of
her
son.
她调整座椅到适合儿子的高度。
②It
took
her
a
while
to
adjust
to
living(live)
alone.
她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。
③We
must
make
some
adjustments(adjust)
to
our
original
plan
because
of
emergencies.
由于紧急情况，我们必须对我们最初的计划做一些调整。
④We
have
been
preparing
our
fighters
to
adjust
themselves(they)
to
the
coming
high
science
and
technology
war.
我们一直在培训我们的战士，以使他们适应未来的高科技战争。
[语境助记]
At
the
beginning
of
the
new
term,
our
teacher
told
us
that
our
learning
plans
should
be
adjusted
correctly
to
the
new
situation，and
that
all
of
us
should
adjust
ourselves
to
it.
We
all
accepted
our
teacher's
suggestion
and
made
adjustments.
Soon
we
got
used
to
the
new
situation
and
got
good
marks.
新学期开始时，老师告诉我们，我们应该恰当地调整学习计划以使其适应新情况，还有我们都应该使自己适应新情况。我们都接受了老师的建议，并作出了调整。很快我们就适应了新情况，并取得了好成绩。
participate
vi.
参加；参与
(教材P30)I
loved
listening
to
the
family
softly
talking
to
each
other
in
their
language，even
though
I
could
not
participate
in
the
conversation.
即使我不能参与到他们的交谈中去，我还是喜欢听他们家里人用自己的语言轻声细语地交谈。
(1)participate
in
(doing)
sth.with
sb.
与某人一起参加/参与做某事
participate
with
sb.in
sth.
与某人分担某事
(2)participation
n.
参加；参与
(3)participant
n.
参加者；参与者
①She
participated
with
her
friend
in
his
sufferings.
她分担朋友的痛苦。
②Everyone
in
the
class
is
expected
to
participate
actively
in
these
discussions.
全班同学都应该积极参与这些讨论。
③As
far
as
I
know，he
has
been
an
active
participant
(participate)
in
the
discussion.
据我所知，他一直积极参与这个讨论。
[名师点津]
participate
是不及物动词，常与in构成搭配，同义短语是join
in，take
part
in。
[语境助记]
Many
citizens
participated
in
the
anti?smoking
campaign
and
most
of
the
participants
said
their
participation
was
voluntary.
许多市民都参与了反对吸烟的运动，大多数参与者说他们的参与是自愿的。
dry
out
(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
(教材P30)Tombe
told
me
that
the
can
was
heated
to
dry
out
the
leftover
food.
汤贝告诉我说，给罐子加热是为了把里面的剩余食物烧干。
dry
up
(指河流、井等)干涸；使干/枯竭
dry
off
弄干
①The
clothes
soon
dried
off/out
in
the
sun.
衣服很快就在太阳光下晾干了。
②Reservoirs
are
drying
up
and
farmers
have
begun
to
leave
their
land
in
search
of
water.
水库正在干涸，农民开始离开田地去寻找水源。
otherwise
conj.否则；不然adv.用别的方法；其他方面
(教材P30)Otherwise
they
don't
waste
anything.
除此以外，他们不会浪费任何东西。
(1)otherwise
(conj.)＝or/or
else
(2)otherwise
(adv.)＝differently/in
another
way/in
a
different
way
①We
must
hurry,
otherwise
we'll
miss
the
train.
我们必须快点，不然就赶不上火车了。
②We'll
go
early，otherwise
we
may
not
get
a
seat.
我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。
③We
told
her
to
do
it
in
this
way
but
she
did
it
otherwise．
我们让她这样做，可她却用别的方法做。
privilege
n.
特权；特别优待
(教材P30)It
was
such
a
privilege
to
have
spent
a
day
with
Tombe's
family.
跟汤贝一家度过一天真是一种荣幸。
(1)It's
a
privilege
to
do
sth.
能做……真是一种荣幸
have
the
privilege
to
do/of
doing
有(做)……的特权/荣幸
(2)privileged
adj.
有特权的；受特别优待的
be
privileged
to
do
sth.
有幸做……
①I
hope
to
have
the
privilege
to
work
with
you.＝
I
hope
to
have
the
privilege
of
working
with
you.
我希望有幸与你合作。
②It
is
a
privilege
to
speak(speak)
to
you
today.
今天能跟你谈话真是三生有幸。
③We
are
privileged
(privilege)
to
have
a
distinguished
guest
with
us
tonight.
我们今晚有幸与一位贵宾在一起。
(教材P29)The
other
day
I
was
showing
the
boys
the
weekly
chemistry
experiment
when，before
I
knew
it，the
mixture
was
bubbling
over
everywhere！不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！
【要点提炼】 这是一个并列句。句中be
doing...when...意为“正在做……就在这时……”。when为并列连词，意为：就在这时。
be
about
to
do...when...
正要做……这时(突然)……
be
on
the
point
of
doing...when...
正要做……这时(突然)……
had
just
done...when...
刚做了……这时(突然)……
①We
were
discussing
the
problem
when
there
was
a
power
failure.
我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。
②I
was
about
to
give
up
when
my
father
came
and
encouraged
me
to
keep
going.
我正要放弃，这时爸爸过来鼓励我继续下去。
③I
had
just
finished
my
exam
paper
when
the
bell
rang.
我刚做完试卷，下课铃就响了。
[名师点津]
when作并列连词的用法是高考考查的热点，主要考查两方面的内容：①由when连接的两个并列分句的时态运用；②并列连词when的选用，注意不能误用为其他连词。
(教材P30)When
hot，he
placed
them
in
an
empty
oil
drum
with
kau
kau
(sweet
potato)，corn
and
greens.
烧热之后，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考(甜的红薯)、玉米和青菜。
【要点提炼】 when
hot为时间状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为：when
they
were
hot。
状语从句的省略
(1)在when，while，if，as
if，though，although，as，until，once，whether，unless等连词引导的时间、地点、条件、方式、让步或比较状语从句中，如果谓语动词为be，主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it时，则从句的主语或it和be动词可以省略。
(2)状语从句省略主语时，后面常用现在分词表示该动作与被省略的主语为主动关系；用过去分词表示该动作与被省略的主语为被动关系。
①If
(it
is)
true，this
will
cause
us
a
lot
of
trouble.
如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。
②When
(she
was)
very
young，she
began
to
learn
to
play
the
piano.
她很小的时候，就开始学习弹钢琴。
③While
building(build)
the
tunnel，the
workers
discovered
an
underground
lake.
当建隧道时，工人们发现了一个地下湖。
④If
accepted
(accept)
for
the
job，you'll
be
informed
soon.
如果你被接受做这项工作将很快得到通知。
[巧学妙记] 状语从句省略口诀
省略句，真容易，符合两条就可以；
从句谓语含有be，两句主语一样的；
从句若有it
be，照样省去不迟疑；
选择?ed或?ing，主动被动辨仔细。
1．(教材P29)Sometimes
I
wonder
how
relevant
chemistry
is
to
these
students，most
of
whom
will
be
going
back
to
their
villages
after
Year
8
anyway.
【分析】 句中how引导的从句作动词wonder的宾语；most
of
whom引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词these
students。
【翻译】 有时候，我真想知道化学对这些学生究竟有多大的用处。反正他们中大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去。
2．(教材P29)We
walked
for
two
and
a
half
hours
to
get
there—first
up
a
mountain
to
a
ridge
from
where
we
had
fantastic
views
and
then
down
a
steep
path
to
the
valley
below.
【分析】 句子的主干是We
walked
for
two
and
a
half
hours
to
get
there；破折号后的部分起进一步解释说明的作用；from
where引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a
ridge。
【翻译】 我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山爬到山脊，在那儿能看到奇丽的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。
3．(教材P29)Tombe's
father，Mukap，led
us
to
his
house，a
low
bamboo
hut
with
grass
sticking
out
of
the
roof—this
shows
it
is
a
man's
house.
【分析】 句中Mukap作Tombe's
father的同位语；a
low
bamboo
hut作his
house的同位语；with
grass
sticking
out
of
the
roof是介词with的复合结构作定语，修饰名词a
low
bamboo
hut；it
is
a
man's
house为省略that的宾语从句。
【翻译】 汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，他把我们带进他的房子，这是一个低矮的顶上有草伸出来的小竹屋——这表示这间房子是男人住的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Our
teacher
suggests
that
we
all
should
actively
participate
in
the
discussion.
2．Video
games
can
be
a
poor
influence
if
left(leave)
in
the
wrong
hands.
3．As
is
often
the
case，the
river
dries
up
in
the
season.
4．We
lost
our
way
in
that
small
village，otherwise
we
would
have
visited
(visit)
more
places
of
interest
yesterday.
5．The
weekly
(week)
meeting
usually
lasts
about
two
hours，which
makes
us
annoyed.
6．I
hear
from
my
cousin
every
two
weeks.
7．We're
trying
to
come
to
an
arrangement
(arrange)
about
who
should
pay
the
fee.
8．All
of
them
are
dying
to
watch
(watch)
the
football
match.
9．We
are
privileged
(privilege)
to
welcome
you
as
our
speakers
this
evening.
10．What
you
say
is
not
relevant
to
the
subject.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．前几天我在花园里清理杂草时，偶然发现了这株稀有植物。
While
(I
was)
removing
the
weeds
in
the
garden
the
other
day，I
came
across
the
rare
plant.(remove)
2．这些山区的孩子们渴求知识。
These
children
in
the
mountainous
area
are
dying
for
knowledge．(dying)
3．能和他交朋友真是荣幸之至。
It
is
a
privilege
to
make
friends
with
him.(privilege)
4．他说的话与他所做的事情没有关系。
What
he
said
was
not
relevant
to
what
he
had
done.(relevant)
5．我正在学习，这时我的电话响了。
I
was
studying
when
my
phone
rang.(study)
PAGEUnit
4
Sharing
限制性定语从句
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.I
know
you're
dying
to
hear
all
about
my
life
here，so
I've
included
some
photos
which
will
help
you
picture
the
places
I
talk
about.2.The
boys
who
had
never
come
across
anything
like
this
before
started
jumping
out
of
the
windows.3.We
walked
for
two
and
a
half
hours
to
get
there—first
up
a
mountain
to
a
ridge
from
where
we
had
fantastic
views
and
then
down
a
steep
path
to
the
valley
below.4.The
only
possessions
I
could
see
were
one
broom，a
few
tin
plates
and
cups
and
a
couple
of
jars.
1.所有例句中黑体部分都是限制性定语从句。2.例句1中黑体部分包括两个定语从句：which引导的定语从句修饰表物的先行词some
photos，在从句中作主语；I
talk
about是省略了关系代词
that/which(在从句中作宾语)的定语从句，修饰表物的先行词the
places。3.例句2中黑体部分为who引导的定语从句修饰表人的先行词The
boys，who在从句中作主语。4.例句3中黑体部分为from
where引导的定语从句修饰表物的先行词a
ridge。5.例句4中黑体部分为省略了关系代词that(在从句中作宾语)的定语从句，修饰表物的先行词The
only
possessions。
一、定语从句的相关概念
1．定语从句
在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2．先行词
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：
(1)连接定语从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
4．限制性定语从句
用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，它所修饰的先行词代表一个(些)或一类特指的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，则意思含混不清。
She
is
the
girl
that
you
want
to
know.(限制性定语从句)
她是你想认识的女孩。
He
seems
not
to
have
grasped
what
I
meant，which
greatly
upsets
me.(非限制性定语从句)他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我很心烦。
[即时训练1] 用适当的关系词填空
①The
exact
year
which/that
Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2017.
②The
little
girl
that/whom/who
I
spoke
to
just
now
is
my
sister.
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词
先行词
在从句中充当的成分
who
人
主语、宾语、表语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语、表语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
whose
人或物
定语
The
old
man
(who/whom/that)
we
visited
yesterday
is
a
famous
artist.
我们昨天拜访的那位老人是位著名的艺术家。
Miss
Wang
is
taking
care
of
the
child
whose
parents
have
gone
to
Beijing.
王小姐正在照顾一个父母去了北京的小孩。
This
is
the
textbook
(that
/which)
he
is
looking
for.
这就是他正在找的课本。
[名师点津]
定语从句中的主谓一致
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是“one
of＋复数名词”结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the
very，the
only，the
first，the
last，the
right等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。
This
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
questions
that
have
been
asked.
这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。
She
is
the
only
one
of
the
girls
who
studies
hard.
她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。
[即时训练2] 用适当的关系词填空
①I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
whose
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
②We'll
reach
the
sales
targets
in
a
month
which/that
we
set
at
the
beginning
of
the
year.
三、使用关系代词的注意事项
1．who可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语，也可省略。如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提前只能用whom。
This
is
the
pilot
(who/whom)
I
bought
a
camera
for.＝
This
is
the
pilot
for
whom
I
bought
a
camera.
这个就是我给他买照相机的飞行员。
2．whose既表示人又表示物，在从句中作定语，往往修饰名词，whose常表达“某人的、某物的”之意。whose表示物时，whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of
which。
Please
pass
me
the
book
whose
cover(＝the
cover
of
which)
is
green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3．指物时用that而不用which的情况
(1)当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，something，none，few，little，much等不定代词时。
All
(that)
the
graduate
lacks
is
practice.
那位毕业生缺少的只是实践。
(2)当先行词被very，both，the
only，all等修饰时。
This
is
the
only
coat
that
I
have.
这是我拥有的唯一的外套。
(3)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰或序数词修饰时。
This
is
the
most
attractive
match
that
I
have
watched.
这是我所看过的比赛中最吸引人的一场。
(4)当并列的两个先行词(分别表示人和物时)被同一个从句修饰时，关系代词用that。
She
took
photos
of
people
and
things
(that)
she
was
interested
in.
她给她所感兴趣的人和物拍照。
(5)主句是以who，which，what开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句一般用that引导，不用who或which。
Who
was
the
person
that
helped
the
girl
out?
帮助那个女孩摆脱困境的是谁？
(6)当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用that。
Your
disease
is
not
the
case
that
it
used
to
be.
你的病已经不是过去的情况了。
4．用as引导限制性定语从句的情况
(1)such＋名词＋as...“像……一样的……”
Do
you
have
such
books
as
we
like?
你有我们喜欢的那种书吗？
(2)the
same＋名词＋as...“和……同样……”
It's
the
same
person
as
we
wanted
to
find
yesterday.
他/她就是我们昨天要找的人。
(3)as＋形容词＋名词＋as...“像……一样的……”
She
will
marry
as
wealthy
a
man
as
she
can
find.
她将嫁给一个她能找到的有钱人。
5．用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的情况
有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构，关系代词可以用which，whose，whom，不可以用that。其选择依据如下：
(1)根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配。
I
bought
a
great
many
books
on
which
I
spent
all
my
money
that
I
saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。
(2)依据与先行词的搭配。
This
is
the
camera
with
which
he
often
takes
photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
(3)根据所表达的意义。
This
is
the
pilot
by
whom
my
son
was
saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
[即时训练3] 用适当的关系词填空
①Please
send
us
all
the
information
that
you
have
about
the
candidate
for
the
position.
②In
our
class
there
are
46
students，of
whom
half
wear
glasses.
③She
is
such
a
nice
girl
as
we
all
like.
四、关系副词的基本用法
关系副词when，why，where在定语从句中分别代替表示时间、原因、地点的先行词，并分别在从句中作时间、原因、地点状语。另外关系副词也可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。
关系副词
被代替的先行词
在从句中的作用
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
表示原因的名词(只用reason)
原因状语
We
don't
know
the
exact
time
when(＝at
which)
the
English
Evening
will
be
held.
我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。(时间状语)
Beijing
is
the
place
where(＝in
which)
I
was
born.
北京是我的出生地。(地点状语)
Is
this
the
reason
why(＝for
which)
he
refused
our
offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？(原因状语)
[名师点津]
先行词是time的情况
当先行词是time时，若time表示“次数”，应用that引导定语从句，并且that可以省略；若time表示“一段时间”讲，应用when或“at/during＋which”引导定语从句。
This
is
the
second
time
(that)
the
president
has
visited
the
country.
这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。
This
is
a
time
when/during
which
there
were
no
radios，no
telephones
or
no
TV
sets.
这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。
[即时训练4] 用适当的关系词填空
①The
next
day，my
brother
and
I
went
to
the
beach
where
we
watched
some
people
play
volleyball.
②I
am
looking
forward
to
the
day
when
my
daughter
can
read
this
book
and
know
my
feelings
for
her.
③We
don't
know
the
reason
why
they
didn't
keep
their
promise.
五、使用关系副词的注意事项
1．当先行词为表示方式的the
way时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或in
which，或省略不用。
We
admire
the
way
(that/in
which)
he
solved
the
problem.
我们敬佩他解决这一问题的方式。
2．表示抽象地点的名词(case，scene，situation，condition，life，point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
There
are
cases
where(＝in
which)
the
word
“mighty”
is
used
as
an
adverb.
在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。
3．occasion，period等作先行词时，且从句中缺少时间状语，常用关系副词when。
There
are
occasions
when(＝on
which)
one
must
yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。(时间状语)
[即时训练5] 用适当的关系词填空
①Today
we'll
discuss
some
cases
where
parents
have
difficulty
in
communicating
with
their
kids.
②The
way
that
he
looks
at
problems
is
wrong.
③Describe
an
occasion
when
you
had
to
give
a
presentation
to
an
audience.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．That
is
the
girl
to
whom
you
talked
just
now.
2．Do
you
know
the
name
of
that
girl
whose
brother
is
your
roommate?
3．Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
where
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth.
4．The
main
school
holidays
are
from
Mid?December
till
early
February
when
the
days
are
long
and
warm.
5．It
is
the
first
American
film
that
I've
ever
seen.
6．Happiness
and
success
often
come
to
those
who
are
good
at
recognizing
their
own
strengths.
7．She
has
a
gift
for
creating
an
atmosphere
for
her
students
which/that
allows
them
to
communicate
freely
with
each
other.
8．Nowadays
people
are
more
concerned
about
the
environment
where
they
live.
9．Do
you
know
the
reason
why
he
was
so
sorry?
10．The
English
play
in
which
my
students
acted
at
the
New
Year's
party
was
a
great
success.
Ⅱ.用限制性定语从句合并句子
1．I
invited
the
boys.Some
of
the
boys
didn't
come.
Some
of
the
boys
whom/who/that
I
invited
didn't
come./I
invited
the
boys，some
of
whom
didn't
come.
2．We
are
living
in
an
age.Many
things
are
done
on
computers
in
the
age.
We
are
living
in
an
age
when
many
things
are
done
on
computers.
3．A
modern
city
has
been
set
up
in
the
place.The
place
was
a
wasteland
ten
years
ago.
A
modern
city
has
been
set
up
in
the
place
which
was
a
wasteland
ten
years
ago.
4．Working
conditions
are
difficult
in
the
place.I'd
like
to
go
there.
I'd
like
to
go
to
the
place
where
working
conditions
are
difficult.
5．He
often
helps
the
students.He
thinks
they
are
not
quick
at
their
studies.
He
often
helps
the
students
who
he
thinks
are
not
quick
at
their
studies.
PAGEUnit
4
Sharing
(教师用书独具)
THE
WORLD'S
MOST
USEFUL
GIFT
CATALOGUE(目录)
Home
page
About
us
Gift
order
form
Contact
details
Would
you
like
to
donate(捐赠)
an
unusual
gift?
Then
this
is
the
catalogue
for
you.
The
gift
you
give
is
not
something
your
loved
one
keeps
but
a
voluntary(无偿的)
contribution
towards
the
lives
of
people
who
really
need
it①.
Choose
from
this
catalogue
a
really
useful
gift
for
some
of
the
world's
poorest
and
bring
hope
for
a
better
future
to
a
community
in
need.
When
you
purchase(购买)
an
item②，
we
will
send
you
an
attractive
card
for
you
to
send
to
your
special
person.
You
can
use
the
cards
for
any
special
occasion
—
weddings,
births,
birthdays,
Christmas
or
anniversaries(周年纪念),
etc.
世界上最有用的礼物目录
主页
关于我们
礼物订单表
联系详情
你想要捐赠一份特殊的礼物吗？那么这张目录供你参考吧。你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些的确有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
从这份目录中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上一些最穷苦的人，给急需帮助的社区带去对更好的未来的希望。
当你选购一份礼物时，我们会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给对你来说很特殊的人。这些卡片你可以用在任何一种特殊的场合——结婚、出生、生日、圣诞节或周年纪念等。
[助读讲解] ①本句中you
give，your
loved
one
keeps，who
really
need
it是三个定语从句，分别修饰the
gift，something和people。②item一项，条款。
Gifts
Cost
(AUD)
A 20
tree
seedlings(树苗)
$
5
B A
loan(贷款)
to
set
up
women's
self?help③
group
$
8
C Water
supply
for
one
person
$10
D Training
in
vegetable
gardening
$15
E Child
vaccinations(接种疫苗)
against
$
20
6
killer
diseases
F School
books
$
20
G Basic
adult
education
$
25
H Basic
health?care
services
$
30
I One
year
of
primary
schooling
$
35
J A
goat
for
a
poor
family
$
40
K A
family
toilet
$
50
L Water
for
a
family
$
65
M A
loan
to
set
up
a
small
business
$
85
N A
sewing
machine
$100
O Family
nutritional
supplements(补充)
$130
P Oxen(公牛)
for
ploughing(耕地)
$180
Q A
trunk
library
$
200
R Assistance
for
families
headed
by
children
$
300
S A
community
primary
school
$
500
T Village
tractor
$1，000
U A
well
and
water
pump
$1，350
礼物
价值(澳元)
A 20株树苗
$5
B 组建妇女自助会的贷款
$8
C 一个人的用水
$10
D 蔬菜园艺培训
$15
E 预防六种儿童致命疾病的疫苗
$20
F 学校用书
$20
G 成人基础教育
$25
H 基本保健服务
$30
I 小学一年的学费
$35
J 资助困难户一头羊
$40
K 家用厕具
$50
L 一个家庭的用水
$65
M 创办一家小型企业的贷款
$85
N 一台缝纫机
$100
O 家用营养补品
$130
P 耕牛
$180
Q 箱式图书馆
$200
R 对遗孤家庭的扶助金
$300
S 社区小学经费
$500
T 村庄拖拉机
$1
000
U 水井和水泵
$1
350
[助读讲解] ③self?help自助的。④families
headed
by
children遗孤家庭。
To...
To
let
you
know
that
I
am
thinking
of
you,
I
have
purchased
a
gift
from
the
World's
Most
Useful
Gift
Catalogue
for
you
to
give
to
some
of
the
world's
poorest.
This
gift
will
train
a
whole
village
of
around
40
families
in
India,
Kenya,
or
Bangladesh
in
new
agricultural
methods,
and
provide
seeds(种子)
and
simple
agricultural
equipment.
Just
20%
more
produce⑤
will
mean
the
difference
between
sickness
and
health,
between
families
going
hungry
and
families
providing
for
themselves⑥.
From...
给……
为了让你知道我在想着你，我已经从“世界上最有用的礼物目录”中为你购得一份礼物，请你转送给世界上一些最穷苦的人。
这份礼物将送给印度、肯尼亚或孟加拉国的整个村庄约40个家庭，对他们进行新的农业生产方法的培训并提供种子和简单的农业机械。仅仅提高20%的产量就意味着会对人的患病与健康、家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。
来自……
[助读讲解] ⑤produce
n．产品，农产品。⑥going
hungry，providing
for
themselves作后置定语，修饰families。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.速读P34教材课文，选择最佳答案
What
is
the
aim
of
the
passage?
A．To
sell
the
goods
of
the
poor
people.
B．To
help
people
to
pick
out
a
better
gift.
C．To
expect
more
people
to
raise
money
to
help
the
poor
people.
D．To
encourage
people
to
buy
things
for
the
poor
people.
[答案] D
Ⅱ.速读P34教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Part.1(Paras.1～3)
A．A
list
of
gifts
2．Part.2(Para.4)
B．Gift
card
3．Part.3(Paras.5～6)
C．A
brief
introduction
[答案] 1－3 CAB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P34教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What
is
the
most
expensive
gift
in
the
list?
A．A
well
and
water
pump.
B．20
tree
seedlings.
C．A
trunk
library.
D．School
books.
2．When
you
want
to
give
child
vaccinations
against
6
killer
diseases，you
must
send
．
A．$50
B．$20
C．$8
D．$85
3．The
purpose
of
the
Internet
Page
is
to
．
A．let
people
give
an
unusual
gift
to
the
poor
B．let
people
get
an
unusual
card
C．let
people
learn
something
useful
D．let
people
make
money
4．You
can
use
the
card
for
the
following
occasions
except
．
A．anniversaries
B．birthdays
C．burials
D．weddings
5．Where
can
you
probably
read
the
article?
A．In
the
newspaper.
B．In
the
magazine.
C．On
TV.
D．On
the
Internet.
[答案] 1－5 ABACD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
阅读P34教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Would
you
like
to
donate
1.an(a)
unusual
gift？The
gift
you
give
is
not
something
2.that
your
loved
one
keeps.It
is
a
contribution
3.towards/to
the
lives
of
people
who
really
need
it.Choose
a
really
4.useful(use)
gift
for
some
of
the
world's
poorest
and
bring
hope
for
a
better
future
to
a
community
5.in
need.This
gift
will
train
a
whole
village
in
new
6.agricultural(agriculture)
methods
and
provide
seeds
and
simple
agricultural
7.equipment(equip)．Just
20%
more
produce
will
mean
the
difference
between
8.sickness(sick)
and
health，between
families
9.going(go)
hungry
and
families
providing
10.for
themselves.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．They
began
to
regret
the
purchase
(购买)
of
the
car.
2．A
library
catalogue
(目录)
tells
us
the
names
of
all
the
books
in
the
library.
3．She
has
set
up
a
voluntary
(志愿的)
organization
providing
help
for
the
elderly.
4．How
did
you
celebrate
your
fifth
wedding
anniversary?
5．It
is
clear
that
the
new
machine
is
operating
smoothly.
6．We
need
some
people
to
distribute
brochures
for
our
products
to
the
passers?by.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．donate
vt.捐赠→donation
n．捐献；捐赠
2．political
adj.政治的；政党的→politics
n．政治
3．operate
vi.工作；运转
vt.操作→operation
n．操作；手术
4．voluntary
adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteer
n．志愿者
5．distribute
vt.分配；分发→distribution
n．分配；分发；分布状态
6．security
n．安全；保护；保障→secure
adj.安全的；可靠的vt.使安全→insecure
adj.不安全的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．in
need
在困难中；在危急中
2．set
up
建立；建造
3．as
well
as
和，也，又
4．turn
into
变成
5．add...to．..
把……加入到……
6．care
for
照顾，照料
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．He
is
ready
to
help
others，especially
those
in
need．
2．As
an
orphan，he
was
cared
for
by
the
local
government
in
his
childhood.
3．Many
new
businesses
are
set
up
with
the
development
of
technology.
4．Since
then，the
palace
has
often
been
added
to，rebuilt
and
repaired.
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.She
was
dying
to
see
him
again
but
what
if
he
didn't
want
to
see
her？她渴望再见他一面，但是如果他不想见她怎么办？
what
if...意为“倘若……将会怎样；
即使……又有什么关系”
What
if
we
can't
finish
the
work
tomorrow？要是我们明天完不成作业怎么办？
2.The
gift
you
give
is
not
something
your
loved
one
keeps
but
a
voluntary
contribution
towards
the
lives
of
people
who
really
need
it.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些的确有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
not
...but
...意为“不是……；而是……”，在句中连接两个相同的成分
I
found
that
high
school
life
is
not
so
boring，but
very
colorful.我发现高中生活并不是那么索然无味，而是多姿多彩。
3.They
are
easy
and
fun
for
children
to
care
for.孩子们照看它们既轻松又有趣。
“sb./sth.＋be＋adj./n.＋(for
sb.)＋to
do...”句型
The
water
is
not
fit
for
us
to
drink，so
hold
out
until
we
get
to
a
shop.这水我们不能喝，在我们找到商店之前要坚持住。
donate
vt.
捐赠
(教材P34)Would
you
like
to
donate
an
unusual
gift?
你想要捐赠一份特殊的礼物吗？
(1)donate...to...
把……捐赠给……
donate
blood/organs
献血/捐器官
(2)donation
n.
[C]捐赠物
[U]
捐赠；赠送
make
a
donation/donations
to...
向……捐赠
(3)donator
n.
捐赠者
①All
the
teachers
and
schoolmates
donate
blood
to
the
nation
annually.
全校师生每年都向国家献血。
②The
old
man
donated
a
lot
of
money
to
the
local
school.＝The
old
man
made
a
donation
(donate)
of
a
lot
of
money
to
the
local
school.
这位老人给当地学校捐了很多钱。
③Medical
science
has
proved
that
donating
(donate)
blood
is
good
for
donators
(donate)
both
physically
and
spiritually.
医疗科学证实：献血有益于献血者的身心健康。
[语境助记]
The
school
bus
was
donated
to
them
by
a
motor
company
and
they
received
donations
from
other
companies
as
well.
这辆校车是一家汽车公司捐给他们的，同时他们也收到了其他公司的捐赠。
in
need在困难中；在危急中
(教材P34)Choose
from
this
catalogue
a
really
useful
gift
for
some
of
the
world's
poorest
and
bring
hope
for
a
better
future
to
a
community
in
need.
从这份目录中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上一些最穷苦的人，给急需帮助的社区带去对更好的未来的希望。
(1)be
in
need
of
sth.
需要……
satisfy/meet
one's
needs
满足某人的需要
(2)There
is
no
need
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
(对某人来说)没必要做某事
①They
will
offer
more
books
to
satisfy/meet
the
students'
needs.
他们将提供更多的书来满足学生的需求。
②There
is
no
need
to
regret
(regret)
what
has
happened.
没必要为已经发生的事感到后悔。
③We
collected
money
for
those
people
in
need
in
earthquake?stricken
areas
who
were
in
need
of
lots
of
tents.
我们筹集资金帮助地震灾区的灾民，他们需要大量帐篷。
purchase
vt.&
n．买；购买
(教材P34)When
you
purchase
an
item，we
will
send
you
an
attractive
card
for
you
to
send
to
your
special
person.
当你选购一份礼物时，我们会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给对你来说很特殊的人。
(1)purchase
sth.for...
以……的价格购得某物
purchase
sth.from...
从……处购得某物
(2)make
a
purchase
采购
①Nowadays
people
are
used
to
making
a
purchase
online.
现如今人们习惯于网上购物。
②They
purchased
some
furniture
for
their
new
house.
他们为新房子买了一些家具。
③They
purchased
two
sheep
from
the
old
man.
他们从老人那里买了两只羊。
[名师点津]
purchase用作名词，作“购买”讲时，为不可数名词，作“购买物，购买量”讲时，为可数名词。
distribution
n.
分配；分发；分布状态
(教材P35)This
gift
covers
the
cost
of
production
and
distribution
of
seedlings，as
well
as
training
in
tree
care
for
the
local
villagers
who
are
working
hard
to
prevent
their
land
from
turning
into
desert.
这个礼物包括了树苗的培植和分配费用以及对当地村民进行树林保护的培训费用，村民们正在努力防止他们的土地变成沙漠。
(1)distribute
vt.
分配；分发
distribute
sth.to/among
把某物分配/发给……
distribute...into...
把……分成……
(2)distributor
n.
经销商
distributive
adj.
经销的，分销的
①The
foods
and
drinks
will
be
distributed
among
the
children.
食物和饮料将在这些孩子中发放。
②He
divided
the
watermelon
into
10
parts
and
distributed
them
to
10
children.
他把这个西瓜切成10份，并把它们分给了10个孩子。
[语境助记]
In
order
to
improve
the
efficiency
of
product
distribution,
the
distributors
adopted
a
new
distributive
strategy,
which
made
their
products
distributed
quickly.
为了提高产品分销效率，经销商采用了一个新的经销策略，这使得他们的产品得到了快速的分销。
operate
vi.
工作；运转；动手术
vt.操作；(被)使用；经营
(教材P35)This
gift
covers
the
cost
of
exercise
books
and
textbooks
for
community
primary
schools
that
operate
in
poor
or
remote
villages.
这份礼物包含了支付贫困或偏远村庄社区小学的练习本和课本的费用。
写出下列句子中operate的词性及含义
①The
doctor
had
to
operate
on
his
daughter
that
day.
vi.动手术
②The
machine
is
operating
continuously.
vi.运转
③The
old
man
operates
several
companies.
vt.经营；管理
④The
sleeping
pill
operated
at
once.
vi.起作用；奏效
(1)operate
on
给……动手术
(2)operator
n.
操作者；接线员；(外科)施行手术者
(3)operation
n.
运转；操作；手术
bring/put
sth.into
operation
实施；使生效，使运行
come/go
into
operation
开始运转；开始生效
⑤The
law
will
be
put
into
operation
next
month.
这部法律下个月开始生效。
⑥The
new
production
plant
came
into
operation
last
month.
新的制造厂上个月投入运转。
(教材P34)The
gift
you
give
is
not
something
your
loved
one
keeps
but
a
voluntary
contribution
towards
the
lives
of
people
who
really
need
it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些的确有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
【要点提炼】 not...but...“不是……而是……”，用于连接两个结构相似、语法功能相同的并列成分，如名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式、分句等。
(1)not...but...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定。
(2)连接并列主语时，采用“就近一致”原则的结构还有：...or...，not
only...but
(also)，either...or...，neither...nor...。
①It
is
not
how
much
you
read
but
what
you
read
that
matters.
重要的不是你读了多少而是你读的什么。
②What
I
care
about
is
not
what
he
can
learn
at
school
but
whether
he
can
build
up
his
confidence
in
the
new
environment.
我所关心的不是他在学校可以学到什么，而是在新的环境中他是否能树立自信心。
③Not
you
but
the
interpreter
is
(be)
to
answer
for
it.
对此负责的是口译人员而不是你。
④Not
only
the
doctor
but
also
the
nurses
are
(be)
very
kind
to
the
patients.
护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。
(教材P35)They
are
easy
and
fun
for
children
to
care
for.孩子们照看它们既轻松又有趣。
【要点提炼】 本句为简单句，属于“主语＋be＋adj.＋(for
sb.)
to
do”句型。
(1)该句型中，句子的主语与动词不定式之间是被动关系，这时不定式有两点需要注意：一是用主动形式表达被动意义；二是不定式的动词需为及物动词，若为不及物动词，应加相应的介词。
(2)用于该句型中的形容词常有：light(轻的)，heavy(重的)，easy(容易的)，difficult/hard(难的)，comfortable(舒适的)，unfit(不合适的)，fit(合适的)等。
①The
armchair
looks
rather
hard，but
in
fact
it
is
very
comfortable
to
sit
in.
这个扶手椅看起来很硬，但是坐上去很舒服。
②The
tractor
is
hard
for
me
to
handle(handle)
on
such
a
muddy
road.
在如此泥泞的道路上，拖拉机对我来说很难操作。
③These
questions
are
difficult
for
little
children
to
reply
(reply)
to.
这些问题对小孩子而言很难回答。
单句语法填空
1．They
carried
out
security(secure)
checks
at
the
airport.
2．As
the
Times
article
reported，his
membership
in
the
illegal
organization
was
not
voluntary
(volunteer)
but
compulsory.
3．This
is
a
new
machine
which
is
very
easy
to
operate
(operate)．
4．All
the
donated
(donate)
blood
must
be
tested
for
HIV
and
other
infections，which
is
important
for
patients.
5．The
strongest
people
are
not
always
the
people
who
win，but
the
people
who
don't
give
up
when
they
lose.
6．They
could
not
agree
about
the
distribution
(distribute)
of
the
profits.
7．He
said
he
just
helped
someone
in
need.
8．It
is
easy
for
him
to
adjust
(adjust)
to
the
new
surroundings.
9．The
sewing
(sew)
machine
bought
in
2010
is
in
poor
condition
now.
10．There
is
no
need
for
you
to
leave
(leave)
so
early，for
there
are
more
than
two
hours
left.
PAGEUnit
4
Sharing
如何进行概要写作
概要写作(summary
writing)是一种控制性的作文形式，要求学生“基于提供的一篇350词以内的短文，写出一篇60词左右的内容概要”。概要写作要求阅读者在忠实于原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精炼的语言来概括文章的主旨与主要内容。进行概要写作，学生必须具备以下六种能力：
1．提取段落主题句
2．提取关键信息
3．提炼、压缩段落主题句
4．整合、概括关键信息
5．改造、转换段落主题句
6．添加过渡词语，使行文衔接连贯
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
If
you
take
a
look
at
the
best?selling
books
in
the
UK
these
days，it
is
almost
certain
that
there
will
be
a
lot
of
autobiographies(自传)
in
that
list.Bill
Clinton，Nelson
Mandela
and
actor
Michael
J
Fox
have
all
written
them.An
autobiography
is
the
story
of
a
person's
life，written
by
that
person.It
is
usually
a
very
famous
person
who
might
tell
us
all
about
their
childhood，how
they
became
famous
and
any
other
interesting
things
that
have
happened
in
their
lives.
Traditionally，someone
would
write
an
autobiography
when
they
were
older
because
they
had
had
a
long，successful
life.However，these
days
there
are
many
magazines
with
stories
and
photos
of
the
stars
which
sell
very
well.Reality
TV
shows
are
extremely
popular
and
lots
of
people
become
famous
very
easily
just
from
being
on
the
TV
rather
than
being
able
to
sing
or
act
well.As
a
result，people
become
famous
very
quickly
and
as
soon
as
they
are
famous，a
lot
of
money
can
be
made
from
writing
an
autobiography，even
if
they
are
very
young.
So
now
you
can
find
an
autobiography
from
almost
everyone
who
is
in
the
public
eye.Even
though
we
can
follow
the
lives
of
the
stars
very
closely
on
TV
or
in
magazines
nowadays，we
maybe
don't
know
how
they
live
their
lives
from
day
to
day.Autobiographies
often
give
the
information
we
never
knew
about
the
stars.The
British
public
are
very
curious
to
find
out
more
so
they
are
very
eager
to
read
autobiographies.
Not
every
star
wants
to
write
though.Sometimes
stars
employ
writers
to
write
their
life
stories
for
them.The
writer
will
interview
the
stars，listen
to
everything
they
want
to
say，record
interviews
and
then
write
books
based
on
their
words.David
Beckham
did
this
with
his
book
My
Side.
Not
everyone
likes
to
read
books
regularly
but
they
might
like
to
read
about
the
lives
of
stars.Autobiographies
are
helping
to
get
more
British
people
reading
books.About
100
million
autobiographies
are
sold
in
Britain
every
year.More
stars
depend
on
them
for
extra
income
and
as
more
of
these
books
appear
in
the
shops，more
people
are
sure
to
keep
buying
them.
【参考范文】
Autobiographies，stories
written
by
famous
people
about
themselves，are
popular
in
the
UK.(要点1)But
unlike
traditional
ones，many
of
today's
autobiographies
are
about
young
stars
who
rise
to
fame
quickly.(要点2)As
they
often
contain
information
unknown
before，readers
are
keen
on
reading
them.(要点3)Not
fond
of
writing，however，some
celebrities
hire
writers
to
write
their
autobiographies.(要点4)Besides，due
to
autobiographies，more
British
people
are
involved
in
reading
now.(要点5)
PAGEUnit
4
Sharing
【导读】 《威廉·莎士比亚》是讲述莎士比亚生平故事的小说，是由他的好朋友托比叙述的。阅读下面选取的有关童年生活的节选，对比自己与莎翁童年生活的不同。
William
Shakespeare
(excerpt)
Toby
remembers
My
name
is
Toby.I'm
an
old
man，eighty?three
this
spring.My
house
is
right
in
the
middle
of
Stratford?upon?Avon，and
I
can
watch
the
street
market
from
my
window.But
I
live
very
quietly
now.
I'm
just
an
old
man，sitting
in
a
chair.I
once
knew
the
greatest
man
in
England.For
thirty
years
I
was
his
friend.I
worked
with
him
in
the
theatre，through
the
good
times
and
the
bad
times.He
was
a
good
friend
to
me.He
was
also
the
best
playwright，the
best
poet，that
ever
lived
in
England.
Will
Shakespeare
was
his
name.I
saw
all
his
plays
in
the
theatre.People
loved
them.They
shouted，laughed
and
cried，ate
oranges，and
called
for
more.All
kinds
of
people.Kings，Queens，Princes，great
lords
and
ladies，poor
people，the
boys
who
held
the
horses...everyone.Will
Shakespeare
could
please
them
all.
He
put
me
in
a
play
once.Well，he
used
my
name—Toby.Twelfth
Night
was
the
name
of
the
play，I
remember.Sir
Toby
Belch.He
was
a
big
fat
man，who
liked
drinking
too
much
and
having
a
good
time.
Queen
Elizabeth
the
First
watched
that
play—Twelfth
Night
on，the
6th
of
January，1601.She
liked
it，too.
Will's
dead
now，of
course.He's
been
dead
more
than
thirty
years，and
no
one
sees
his
plays
now.
The
Puritans
have
closed
all
the
theatres.There's
no
singing，no
dancing，no
plays.
It
wasn't
like
that
in
my
young
days.We
had
a
good
time
in
London，Will
and
I.
I've
no
teeth
now，and
my
hair
has
all
fallen
out，but
I
can
still
think—and
remember.I
remember
when
Will
and
I
were
young，just
boys
really...
It
was
a
sunny
day
in
October
1579
when
I
first
met
Will，just
outside
Stratford，near
a
big
field
of
apple
trees.I
saw
a
boy
up
in
one
of
the
trees.He
had
red
hair
and
looked
about
two
years
older
than
me.
What
are
you
doing
up
there？I
called.
Just
getting
a
few
apples，he
said，smiling.
Those
are
Farmer
Nash's
apples，I
said，and
he'll
send
his
dogs
after
you
if
he
sees
you.
Mr
Nash
has
gone
to
market，the
boy
said.Come
on！They're
good
apples.
The
next
minute
I
was
up
the
tree
with
him.
But
Will
was
wrong.Farmer
Nash
wasn't
at
the
market，and
a
few
minutes
later
we
saw
his
angry
red
face
above
the
wall
on
the
far
side
of
the
field.
Will
and
I
ran
like
the
wind
and
only
stopped
when
we
reached
the
river.We
sat
down
to
eat
our
apples.
Will
was
fifteen，and
lived
in
Henley
Street，he
told
me.His
father
was
John
Shakespeare，and
he
had
a
sister，Joan，and
two
younger
brothers，Gilbert
and
Richard.There
was
another
sister
who
died，I
learnt
later.
And
the
next
year
he
had
another
brother，little
Edmund—the
baby
of
the
family.
Now，what
about
you？he
asked.
There's
only
me
and
my
sister，I
said.My
parents
are
dead，and
we
live
with
my
mother's
brother：He's
a
shoe?maker
in
Ely
Street
and
I
work
for
him.
What
do
you
do?
I
go
to
Mr
Jenkins'
school
in
Church
Street，Will
said.Every
day，from
seven
o'clock
until
five
o'clock.Not
Sundays，of
course.
I
was
sorry
for
him.
Isn't
it
boring？I
asked.
Sometimes.Usually
it's
all
right.He
lay
back
and
put
his
hands
behind
his
head.But
we
have
to
read
and
learn
all
these
Latin
writers.I
want
to
read
modern
writers，and
English
writers，like
Geoffrey
Chaucer.
Can
you
read？he
asked.
Of
course
I
can
read！I
said.I
went
to
school.
Will
sat
up
and
began
to
eat
another
apple.I
want
to
be
a
writer，he
said.A
poet.I
want
that
more
than
anything
in
the
world.
We
were
friends
from
that
day，until
the
day
he
died.
We
met
nearly
every
day，and
he
taught
me
a
lot
about
books
and
poetry
and
writers.He
always
had
his
nose
in
a
book.
When
Will
left
school，he
worked
for
his
father
in
Henley
Street.John
Shakespeare
was
a
glove?maker，and
he
had
other
business
too，like
buying
and
selling
sheep.
《威廉·莎士比亚》(节选)
托比的回忆
我叫托比，一位年迈的老人，今年春天年过83岁。家住艾汶河畔斯特拉福镇中心，透过窗户，便可以望到街道的闹市。我的生活平和宁静。
毕竟我已是一位要在轮椅上安度晚年的老头子了。我曾认识英国的一位最伟大的人物。我与他相交30年，同在剧团工作，也共同度过人生中欢乐与艰辛的岁月。他是我的好友。也是英国有史以来最优秀的剧作家，最杰出的诗人。
他就是威尔·莎士比亚。我看过他所有上演的戏剧。这些戏剧颇受欢迎，也一度令观众狂喜大悲，不过他们都希望能看到他更多的戏剧。形形色色的人，上自国王、王后、王子和豪富名女，下至贫苦百姓和牵马的脚夫……所有的人，威尔·莎士比亚都能令他们开心欢娱。
他曾将我写进剧本，剧中用了我的原名——托比。我记得剧名为《第十二夜》，剧中的托比·培尔契爵士又大又胖而且喜欢酗酒行乐。
女王伊丽莎白一世于1601年1月6号观看了此剧——《第十二夜》，也很喜欢。
当然威尔现在已不在人世，他过世都30多年了，如今没有人能看到他的戏。
自从清教徒关闭了所有的剧院，就不再有歌声、舞蹈和戏剧了。
如今的情形同我年轻时与威尔在伦敦度过的快乐时光相比已经大不一样了。
我现在没有牙齿了，头发也掉光了，但我还能思考——还能回忆，我记得威尔和我年轻的时候，还是孩子的时候……
我第一次遇见威尔是在1579年10月的一天。那天，阳光明媚，就在斯特拉福镇外一座大苹果园附近，我看见有棵苹果树上坐着一位小男孩，长着红棕色头发，看模样大概大我两岁。
你在上边干什么？我叫道。
摘苹果。他笑着答道。
那可是纳什农场主的苹果，我说，如果他发现了，就要放狗咬你的。
纳什先生去集市了，男孩说道，来吧！苹果不错。
一会儿我也上了树。
但是威尔错了，纳什先生并没去集市，几分钟后我们看见果园那端墙头露出一张气得发红的脸。
威尔和我见势撒腿就跑，一口气跑到河边才坐下来吃苹果。
威尔告诉我，他15岁，住在亨里街。家中有父亲约翰·莎士比亚，妹妹琼和两个弟弟，吉尔伯特和理查。我后来听说他另有一位姐姐死了。
第二年他又添了一个弟弟——威尔家的赤子小埃德蒙。
那么你呢？他问道。
家里只有我和姐姐。我说，父母死后我们住在舅舅家。他是埃利街的一个鞋匠，我为他打工。
你现在干什么？
我在教堂街詹金斯先生的学校就读，威尔说，每天从上午7点到下午5点上学，当然不包括星期天。
我真为他难过。
这难道不乏味吗？我问道。
偶尔有这种感觉，不过通常觉得学校的生活也不错。他仰身躺下，双手枕着头，在学校，我们不得不学习所有那些拉丁作家的作品。可我只想阅读现代作家和英国作家的作品，比如杰弗利·乔叟。
你会看书吗？他问道。
当然会啦！我说，我上过学。
威尔坐起来又吃了一个苹果。我想成为作家，他继续说道，诗人。世上再没有比这更令我神往的。
自那天起我们就成了莫逆之交，直到他过世。
我们几乎每天见面，他教了我许多书本和文学上的知识。他总是埋头博览群书。
威尔离开学校后就在亨里街帮助父亲料理生意。约翰·莎士比亚是一位手套工匠，同时经营其他生意，如羊的买卖生意。
But
Will
wasn't
interested.
What
are
we
going
to
do，Toby？he
said
to
me
one
day.We
can't
spend
all
our
lives
making
shoes
and
gloves!
Well，I
said，we
could
run
away
to
sea
and
be
sailors.Sail
round
the
world，like
Francis
Drake.
Drake
sailed
back
to
Plymouth
in
1581，after
his
three?year
journey
round
the
world，but
we
were
still
in
Stratford.
We
made
lots
of
plans，but
nothing
ever
came
of
them.
Will
was
still
reading
a
lot
and
he
was
already
writing
poems
himself.He
sometimes
showed
them
to
me，and
I
said
they
were
very
good.I
didn't
really
know
anything
about
poetry
then，but
he
was
my
friend.Will
was
not
happy
with
his
writing.
I've
got
so
much
to
learn，Toby，he
said.So
much
to
learn.
Poor
Will.He
had
a
lot
to
learn
about
women，too.
One
day
in
October
1582
he
came
to
my
house
with
a
long
face.
I'll
never
leave
Stratford,
he
said.
Why
not？I
asked.We'll
get
away
one
day.You'll
see.
Perhaps
you
will，he
said，but
I'm
going
to
be
married
in
a
few
weeks'
time.To
Anne
Hathaway.
My
mouth
fell
open
and
stayed
open.Married！To
Anne
Hathaway？Is
that
the
Hathaways
over
at
Shottery?
Yes，Will
said.
I
was
working
on
some
shoes
on
the
table，and
Will
picked
one
up
and
looked
at
it.
Well，er，she's
a
fine
girl，of
course，I
said
uncomfortably.But...but，Will，she's
twenty?six
and
you're
only
eighteen!
I
know，Will
said.But
I've
got
to
marry
her.
Oh
no！I
said.You
mean，she's...
That's
right，said
Will.In
about
six
months'
time
I'm
going
to
be
a
father.
但威尔对做生意却不感兴趣。
托比，接下来你有何打算？有一天他问我。我们不能一辈子都做鞋和做手套吧！
对呀，我说，我们跑到海上当海员，像弗朗西斯·杜雷克一样环绕地球航行。
杜雷克在环绕地球航行三年后于1581年回到普利茅斯，可我们还是待在斯特拉福镇。
尽管也制定了种种计划，但始终未付诸行动。
这段时间威尔依然博览群书并开始自己写诗，偶尔给我看他写的诗。虽然嘴上我都说他的诗写得好，实际上我对诗歌是一窍不通。只不过他是我的好友我才这么说而已。威尔对自己的诗歌并不满意。
托比，我要学的东西太多了。他说，实在太多了。
可怜的威尔。他还得学会了解女人。
1582年10月的一天他来到我的住处，神情沉郁。
我永远不能离开斯特拉福镇了。他说。
为什么不能？我问道，总有一天我们会离开此地。你等着瞧。
或许你还行，他说，但过几个星期我就要结婚了。同安·哈瑟维结婚。
一听此言我张着嘴愣了好久。结婚！同安·哈瑟维结婚？你是说肖特雷邻乡哈瑟维家的女儿？
没错，威尔说。
当时我在做鞋，威尔拿起桌上一支鞋，看看。
当然，嗯，她是个好姑娘，我同情地说道，不过……不过，威尔，她已经26岁了，你才18岁呀！
我知道，威尔说，但是我非娶她不行。
哦，不可能这样吧！我说，你是说，她已经……
你猜对了，威尔说道，再过6个月我就要当爸爸了。
[知识积累]
1．playwright
n．
剧作家
2．Latin
adj.
拉丁的，拉丁语的
3．Plymouth
n.
普利茅斯(英国港市)
4．uncomfortably
adv.
不舒适地；不自在地；令人不快地
[文化链接]
清教徒
英国16世纪末和17世纪的基督教新教徒中的一派，认为伊丽莎白领导的宗教改革不彻底，寻求简化并规范化拜神形式。
PAGE
