Unit
3
Under
the
sea
虎鲸属于海豚科，它的英文名叫“Killer
Whale”，脾气火爆，攻击性强，除了捕鱼、捉海狮之外，它还会攻击其他的鲸类(连大白鲨都不放在眼里)，称霸海上！那虎鲸还有其他什么特点呢？让我们来一起认识一下虎鲸吧！
The
Killer
Whale
Because
of
its
large
size
and
amazing
jumping
abilities,
the
killer
whale
is
one
of
the
most
amazing
and
well?known
marine
mammals
in
history.
Although
these
marine
mammals
are
commonly
referred
to
as
“killer
whales”，
they
actually
belong
to
the
dolphin
family,
which
is
made
up
of
around
40
different
species
of
dolphins.
Killer
whales
are
the
largest
of
all
the
dolphin
species
and
they
are
as
big
as
some
whales.
They
are
also
one
of
the
most
amazing
hunters
of
all
the
marine
mammals.
In
one
strategy
a
group
of
killer
whales
may
circle
around
a
group
of
fish,
forcing
them
into
a
tight
ball
while
another
killer
whale
swims
underneath
them
to
push
them
towards
the
surface
of
the
water.
When
fully
grown,
the
killer
whale
can
reach
a
length
of
26ft
and
weigh
over
6，000
pounds.
However,
the
largest
measured
killer
whale
grew
to
around
32ft
long
and
weighed
around
10
tons!
The
killer
whale
can
often
be
seen
working
together
with
other
killer
whales
using
teamwork
to
catch
their
prey.In
addition
to
hunting
for
food
together,
killer
whales
also
make
use
of
echolocation(回声定位法).
This
allows
them
to
find
food
even
when
they
are
hunting
at
night.
Killer
whales
are
extremely
family
oriented(导向的)
and
as
many
as
four
generations
of
family
members
may
be
seen
travelling
together.
Killer
whales
are
extremely
intelligent
and
can
learn
complex
tasks
by
observing
and
practicing.
Killer
whales
have
been
observed
teaching
each
other
how
to
communicate,
how
to
hunt
and
how
to
survive
in
the
ocean.
Today
killer
whales
have
become
a
main
attraction
to
several
aquatic
theme
parks
showing
their
talents
to
thousands
of
people
each
year.
They
have
also
become
popular
in
movies
and
television
shows
where
they
are
described
as
friendly
and
intelligent
marine
mammals.
[阅读障碍词]
1．marine
adj.
海的，海产的
2．mammal
n.
哺乳动物
3．strategy
n.
策略，战略
4．prey
n.
猎物
5．aquatic
adj.
水生的，水上的
[诱思导读]
阅读上面短文，判断正误(T/F)。
1．Killer
whales
belong
to
the
dolphin
family.
(T)
2．The
largest
killer
whale
is
about
26ft
long.
(F)
3．Killer
whales
can
teach
each
other
how
to
survive
in
the
ocean.(T)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.annual
A．vt.当场见到；目击
n．目击者；
证人；证据
( )2.witness
B．adj.每年的；按年度计算的
n．年
刊；年鉴
( )3.accommodation
C．n.住所；住宿
( )4.opposite
D．vi.&
n．暂停；中止
( )5.pause
E．vt.拖；拉；扯
( )6.drag
F．prep.在……对面
adj.相对的；相
反的
( )7.depth
G．vt.催促；极力主张；驱策
( )8.urge
H．vi.逃避；逃跑
vt.逃离
( )9.abandon
I．n.深(度)；深处
( )10.flee
J．vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃
[答案] 1－5 BACFD 6－10 EIGJH
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．分类；整理 B．听说 C．帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难 D．瞄准 E．与此同时；在此期间 F．阻挡；延误
( )1.He
drew
his
gun
and
aimed
at
the
enemy
soldier.
( )2.We
don't
know
the
singer，but
we
have
heard
of
her.
( )3.Sort
out
things
you
want
to
keep
and
throw
everything
else
away.
( )4.The
flight
will
be
announced
soon.In
the
meantime，please
remain
seated.
( )5.Unfortunately，my
application
was
held
up
by
the
postal
strike.
( )6.They
promised
to
help
me
out
when
I
was
in
trouble.
[答案] 1－6 DBAEFC
Old
Tom
The
Killer
Whale
I
was
16
when
I
began
work
in
June
1902
at
the
whaling
station.
I
had
heard
of①
the
killers
that
every
year
helped
whalers
catch
huge
whales②.
I
thought,
at
the
time,
that
this
was
just
a
story
but
then
I
witnessed
it
with
my
own
eyes
many
times.
虎鲸老汤姆
1902年6月，我16岁的时候，就开始在捕鲸站工作了。在此之前我曾听说过虎鲸，它们每年帮助捕鲸人捕捉大鲸鱼。那时我以为这只是一个故事，但是后来我亲眼看见过许多次。
[助读讲解] ①hear
of听说(＝hear
about)。②that引导定语从句，修饰the
killers，that在定语从句中作主语。
On
the
afternoon
I
arrived
at
the
station,
as
I
was
sorting
out
my
accommodation,
I
heard
a
loud
noise
coming
from
the
bay.
We
ran
down
to
the
shore(岸)in
time③
to
see
an
enormous
animal
opposite
us
throwing
itself
out
of④
the
water
and
then
crashing
down
again.
It
was
black
and
white
and
fish?shaped.
But
I
knew
it
wasn't
a
fish.
“That's
Old
Tom,
the
killer，”
one
of
the
whalers,
George,
called
out
to
me.
“He's
telling
us
there's
a
whale
out
there
for
us.”
Another
whaler
yelled(呼喊)
out,
“Rush?oo
...
rush?oo.”
This
was
the
call
that
announced
there
was
about
to
be
a
whale
hunt⑤.
一天下午我来到捕鲸站，当我整理我的住处时，我听到从海湾方向传来了一阵巨大的喧闹声。我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。它黑白相间，形状像鱼。但是我知道它并不是鱼。
“那是老汤姆，是虎鲸。”一位叫乔治的捕鲸人高声对我说。“它是在告诉我们那边有头鲸，让我们去捕猎。”
另外一位捕鲸人大声喊：“快走啊……走啊。”这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
[助读讲解] ③in
time及时，迟早。④throw
oneself
out
of跃出。⑤that引导定语从句，修饰the
call；其中there
was
about
to
be...是announced的宾语从句。
“Come
on,
Clancy.
To
the
boat，”
George
said
as
he
ran
ahead
of
me.
I
had
already
heard
that
George
didn't
like
being
kept
waiting,
so
even
though
I
didn't
have
the
right
clothes
on,
I
raced
after
him.
Without
pausing
we
jumped
into
the
boat
with
the
other
whalers
and
headed⑥
out
into
the
bay.
I
looked
down
into
the
water
and
could
see
Old
Tom
swimming
by
the
boat,
showing
us
the
way⑦.
A
few
minutes
later,
there
was
no
Tom,
so
George
started
beating
the
water
with
his
oar
and
there
was
Tom,
circling
back
to
the
boat⑧，
leading
us
to
the
hunt
again.
“克兰西，快来。上船去。”乔治在我前面边跑边说。我以前就听说过乔治不喜欢等待，所以尽管我还没穿上合适的衣服，我还是跟在他后面跑了起来。
毫不迟疑地我们和其他捕鲸人都跳上船，朝海湾方向驶去。我向下朝水里望去，可以看到老汤姆就在船旁边游着，为我们指路。几分钟之后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用桨拍打水面，汤姆出现了，兜了个圈子转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。
[助读讲解] ⑥head
vi.朝……前进。⑦现在分词短语showing
us...在句中作伴随状语。⑧circling
back...在句中作状语。
Using
a
telescope(望远镜)
we
could
see
that
something
was
happening.
As
we
drew
closer,
I
could
see
a
whale
being
attacked
by
a
pack
of
about
six
other
killers.
“What're
they
doing？”
I
asked
George.
“Well,
it's
teamwork(协作)
—
the
killers
over
there
are
throwing
themselves
on
top
of
the
whale's
blow?hole
to
stop
it
breathing.
And
those
others
are
stopping
it
diving(潜水)
or
fleeing
out
to
sea，”George
told
me,
pointing
towards
the
hunt.
And
just
at
that
moment,
the
most
extraordinary
thing
happened.
The
killers
started
racing
between
our
boat
and
the
whale
just
like
a
pack
of
excited
dogs.
Then
the
harpoon(鱼叉)
was
ready
and
the
man
in
the
bow
of
the
boat
aimed
it
at
the
whale.
He
let
it
go
and
the
harpoon
hit
the
spot.
Being
badly
wounded⑨，
the
whale
soon
died.
Within
a
moment
or
two,
its
body
was
dragged
swiftly
by
the
killers
down
into
the
depths
of
the
sea.
The
men
started
turning
the
boat
around
to
go
home.
“What's
happened？”
I
asked.
“Have
we
lost
the
whale？”
“Oh
no，”
Jack
replied.
“We'll
return
tomorrow
to
bring
in⑩
the
body.
It
won't
float
up
to
the
surface
for
around
24
hours.”“In
the
meantime,
Old
Tom,
and
the
others
are
having
a
good
feed
on
its
lips
and
tongue，”
added
Red,
laughing?.
用望远镜我们可以看到有情况发生了。
当我们行驶到更近的地方时，我能看到一只鲸受到了大约六只其他虎鲸的攻击。
我问乔治：“它们在做什么？”
“啊，它们在协同作战呢——那些虎鲸正往鲸的出气孔上扑去，不让它呼吸。而其他那些虎鲸则阻止它潜水或逃进海里。”乔治一边指着捕猎的情景，一边告诉我。就在这时候，最惊奇的事情发生了。虎鲸们在我们的船和那只鲸之间开始追逐，就像一群兴奋的狗一样。
然后鱼叉准备好了，站在船头的那个人把鱼叉瞄准了那只鲸。他把叉扔了出去，恰好击中了要害。那只鲸受了重伤，没过多久就死了。过了片刻，那只鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速地拖到深海中去了。捕鲸人开始调转船头回家。
“怎么了？”我问道。
“我们失去了那只鲸了吗？”
“噢，不。”杰克回答说。“我们明天再回来运鲸鱼的尸体。它在大约24小时以内是不会浮出水面的。”瑞德笑着补充说：“在此期间，老汤姆和其他虎鲸会饱餐一顿鲸唇和鲸舌。”
[助读讲解] ⑨Being
badly
wounded在句中作原因状语。⑩bring
in带来，收获。?laughing在句中作伴随状语。
Although
Old
Tom
and
the
other
killers
were
fierce
hunters,
they
never
harmed
or
attacked
people.
In
fact,
they
protected
them.
There
was
one
day
when
we
were
out
in
the
bay
during
a
hunt?
and
James
was
washed
off
the
boat.
“Man
overboard!
Turn
the
boat
around！”
urged
George,
shouting
loudly.
The
sea
was
rough
that
day
and
it
was
difficult
to
handle
the
boat.
The
waves
were
carrying
James
further
and
further
away
from
us.
From
James's
face,
I
could
see
he
was
terrified
of
being
abandoned
by
us.
Then
suddenly
I
saw
a
shark(鲨鱼)．
“Look,
there's
a
shark
out
there，”
I
screamed.
“Don't
worry,
Old
Tom
won't
let
it
near，”Red
replied.
It
took
over
half
an
hour
to
get
the
boat
back
to
James,
and
when
we
approached
him,
I
saw
James
being
firmly
held
up?
in
the
water
by
Old
Tom.
I
couldn't
believe
my
eyes.
There
were
shouts
of
“Well
done，Old
Tom”
and
“Thank
God”
as
we
pulled
James
back
into
the
boat.
And
then
Old
Tom
was
off
and
back
to
the
hunt
where
the
other
killers
were
still
attacking
the
whale?.
虽然老汤姆和其他虎鲸都是凶猛的捕猎者，但是它们从来不伤害人，也不袭击人。事实上，它们保护着他们。有一天，我们出海捕鲸的时候，詹姆斯从船上掉下去被水冲走了。
乔治催促着并大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”
那天海上波涛汹涌，很难调转船头。海浪把詹姆斯冲得离我们越来越远。从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。随后我突然看到了一条鲨鱼。
我尖叫起来：“瞧，那边有一条鲨鱼。”
雷德回答说：“别着急，老汤姆不会让它靠近的。”
我们花了半个多小时才把船头调向詹姆斯，当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着他。我几乎不相信自己的眼睛。
当我们把詹姆斯拉上渔船的时候，大家都欢呼着“老汤姆，好样的”，“感谢上帝”。之后老汤姆离开了，回到捕猎的地方，跟其他虎鲸一起捕鲸去了。
[助读讲解] ?when引导定语从句，修饰one
day。?hold
up举起，阻止。?where引导定语从句，修饰地点the
hunt(捕猎的地方)。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.速读P20－P21教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
first
story?
A．A
hunting
experience
of
Old
Tom.
B．How
the
killer
whales
help
the
whalers
to
hunt
a
whale.
C．How
the
whalers
killed
Old
Tom.
D．How
the
killer
whales
killed
the
whalers.
2．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
second
story?
A．How
Old
Tom
protected
and
saved
James.
B．How
Old
Tom
killed
a
shark.
C．How
a
shark
attacked
James.
D．How
a
shark
killed
Old
Tom.
[答案] 1－2 BA
Ⅱ.速读P20－P21教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Part
1(Paras.1－5)
A．We
went
to
the
hunt
with
Tom.
2．Part
2(Para.6)
B．We
killed
the
whale
with
the
killer's
help.
3．Part
3(Paras.7－10)
C．We
went
back
after
the
hunt.
4．Part
4(Paras.11－12)
D．I
saw
Old
Tom
for
the
first
time.
[答案] 1－4 DABC
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P20－P21教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．The
killers
threw
themselves
on
top
of
the
huge
whale's
blow?hole
in
order
to
．
A．make
it
sink
B．play
with
it
C．stop
it
breathing
D．stop
it
diving
2．Why
did
the
men
start
turning
the
boat
around
to
go
home
after
the
whale
died?
A．Because
they
didn't
need
a
dead
whale.
B．Because
they
couldn't
find
the
whale's
body.
C．Because
they
knew
that
dead
whale
wouldn't
float
up
to
the
surface
for
around
24
hours.
D．Because
they
knew
the
killers
ate
the
whale's
body.
3．What
happened
to
James
after
he
was
washed
off
the
boat?
A．He
got
hurt
by
a
shark.
B．He
was
abandoned
by
the
other
whalers
and
felt
terrified.
C．He
dropped
his
hope
and
was
nearly
dying.
D．He
was
held
up
in
the
water
by
Old
Tom
and
rescued.
4．We
can
infer
from
the
text
that
．
A．the
killer
whales
may
be
trained
by
the
whalers
B．the
killer
whales
want
to
help
man
catch
the
whales
themselves
C．the
killer
whales
need
no
training
for
helping
the
whalers
D．the
killer
whales
want
to
eat
the
whales
after
killing
them
[答案] 1－4 CCDA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P20－P21教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I
was
16
when
I
began
work
at
the
whaling
station.I
had
been
told
1.that
every
year
the
killers
helped
whalers
catch
huge
whales.After
I
worked
there
I
2.witnessed(witness)
it
with
my
own
eyes
many
times.
One
afternoon
when
I
was
sorting
out
my
accommodation，I
heard
a
loud
noise
3.coming
(come)
from
the
bay.Then
I
experienced
how
the
killers，4.especially
(especial)
Old
Tom，helped
us
lead
the
way
and
catch
a
whale.Firstly，the
man
in
the
bow
of
the
boat
aimed
the
harpoon
at
the
whale，then
let
it
go
and
the
harpoon
hit
the
spot.Secondly，the
whale's
body
5.was
dragged
(drag)
swiftly
by
the
killers
down
into
the
6.depths
(deep)
of
the
sea
after
it
died
and
then
the
killers
had
a
good
feed
on
its
lips
and
tongue.7.Though/Although
the
killers
were
fierce
hunters，they
never
harmed
or
attacked
people.8.On
the
contrary，they
protected
people.For
example，one
day，the
sea
was
rough
and
it
was
difficult
9.to
handle
(handle)
the
boat.The
waves
were
carrying
James
further
away
from
us.James
was
terrified
of
10.being
abandoned
(abandon)
by
us.Just
then
a
shark
appeared
and
it
was
Old
Tom
that
saved
James.All
of
us
praised
Old
Tom
by
saying
“Well
done”．
PAGEUnit
3
Under
the
sea
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．There
stands
an
old
school
on
the
opposite
(在……对面)
side
of
the
river.
2．If
you
want
to
join
our
club，there's
an
annual
(按年度计算的)
membership
fee
of
$100.
3．The
elephant
yelled
(大叫)
to
show
its
anger
when
another
group
came
near.
4．She
dived
(跳水)
into
the
pool
gracefully
and
won
another
gold
medal
for
China.
5．He
paused
(暂停)
for
breath
and
then
continued
climbing.
6．After
the
earthquake，the
first
thing
the
local
government
did
was
to
provide
accommodation
for
the
homeless
families.
7．Lisa，though
abandoned
by
her
own
parents
three
decades
ago，badly
longed
to
know
where
they
were
at
present.
8．In
many
European
countries，for
example，the
relationship
between
teachers
and
students
is
quite
formal.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．accommodate
vt.提供住宿→accommodation
n．住所；住宿
2．flee
vi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃离→fled
(过去式)→fled
(过去分词)
3．depth
n．深(度)；深处→deep
adj.深的→deepen
v．加深
4．abandon
vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned
adj.被遗弃的；放纵的→abandonment
n．遗弃；抛弃
5．annual
adj.每年的；按年度计算的
n．年刊；年鉴→annually
adv.每年地；年度地
6．conservation
n．保存；保护→conserve
v．保存→conservative
adj.保守的；守旧的
v.＋?ion→名词
adj.＋?th→名词
liberation
解放operation
操作；手术pollution
污染
strength
强度；力量width
宽度
warmth
暖和；温暖
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．hear
of
听说
2．sort
out
分类；整理
3．in
time
及时；迟早
4．let
go
放开；松开；放手
5．in
the
meantime
与此同时；在此期间
6．help
out
帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
7．hold
up
举起；阻挡；延误
8．aim
at
瞄准
9．ahead
of
在……的前面
10．yell
out
大叫
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．She
yelled
out
for
help
in
the
river，but
no
one
came.
2．Have
you
heard
of
the
news
that
Mary
won
the
first
prize
in
the
contest?
3．The
maths
problem
is
too
difficult
for
me
to
solve.Please
help
me
out．
4．Let's
meet
for
lunch.I'll
call
you
ahead
of
time
to
fix
up
exactly
when
and
where.
5．Your
computer
won't
be
arriving
till
Thursday.In
the
meantime，you
can
use
Jude's.
v.＋of→动词短语
in＋the＋n.→介词短语
approve
of
赞成，赞同consist
of
由……构成dream
of
梦到；梦想
in
the
way
挡道；妨碍in
the
air
在空中；未定in
the
distance
在远处；远方的
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.It
was
a
time
when
the
killer
whales，or
“killers”
as
they
were
then
called，helped
the
whalers
catch
the
baleen
whales
that
were
on
their
annual
migration.那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
when引导定语从句
It
was
a
time
when
I
was
addicted
to
playing
computer
games；how
I
regret
now.我曾一度迷恋玩网络游戏，现在真是后悔。
2.This
was
the
call
that
announced
there
was
about
to
be
a
whale
hunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
be
about
to
do
sth.意为“正要做某事”
We
were
about
to
set
out
when
it
began
to
rain.我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨。
3.A
few
minutes
later，there
was
no
Tom，so
George
started
beating
the
water
with
his
oar
and
there
was
Tom，circling
back
to
the
boat，leading
us
to
the
hunt
again.几分钟之后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用桨拍打水面，汤姆出现了，兜了个圈子转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。
现在分词短语作状语
All
the
way
we
were
chatting，singing
and
laughing，enjoying
the
fresh
air
and
the
beautiful
scenery.一路上，我们聊天、唱歌、欢笑，尽情享受着清新的空气和美丽的风景。
witness
v．当场见到；目击；见证；为……的证据
n．目击者；证人；证据
(教材P20)I
thought，at
the
time，that
this
was
just
a
story
but
then
I
witnessed
it
with
my
own
eyes
many
times.那时我以为这只是一个故事，但是后来我亲眼看见过许多次。
(1)witness
sth.
目击了某事
witness
to
(doing)
sth.
证实；证明(做)某事
witness
for
为……作证
(2)be
a
witness
to
sth.
是……的证据/证人
bear/give
witness
to
做……的证人；为……作证
①The
driver
witnessed
to
having
seen
the
man
enter
the
building.
司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。
②His
good
health
is
a
witness
to
the
success
of
the
treatment.
他的健康身体证明这种疗法是成功的。
③The
witness
who
witnessed(witness)
the
incident
gave
witness
to
the
police
and
promised
to
be
a
witness.
这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应作证人。
[图形助记]
accommodation
n.住所；住宿；膳宿
(教材P20)On
the
afternoon
I
arrived
at
the
station，as
I
was
sorting
out
my
accommodation，I
heard
a
loud
noise
coming
from
the
bay.
一天下午我来到捕鲸站，当我整理我的住处时，我听到从海湾方向传来了一阵巨大的喧闹声。
(1)provide/make
accommodations
for
为……提供膳宿
(2)accommodate
v.
为……提供住宿/空间；适应；(房间、
建筑物等)容纳
accommodate...to...＝adapt...to...
使……适应……
accommodate
(oneself)
to
适应；顺应
accommodate
sb.with...＝supply
sb.with...
向某人提供……
①He
accompanied
us
to
the
place
of
interest
and
provided
accommodations
for
us.
他陪我们去了那个旅游景点，还给我们安排了膳宿。
②Everyone
will
have
to
accommodate
himself(he)
to
the
changed
situation.
每个人都必须使自己适应变化了的形势。
③The
eye
can
accommodate
itself
to
seeing(see)
objects
at
different
distances.
眼睛能自动调节以便观看远近不同的景物。
④The
manufacturer
offered
to
accommodate
us
with
a
computer
free
of
charge.
厂家主动提出免费给我们提供一台电脑。
[语境助记]
If
you
can't
find
any
accommodation
elsewhere，here
is
a
room
which
can
accommodate
up
to
five
people.
如果你在其他地方找不到住处，这里是一个最多容纳5人的房间。
opposite
prep.
在……对面
adj.相对的；相反的
adv.在对面
n．对立的人(或物)；对立面
(教材P20)We
ran
down
to
the
shore
in
time
to
see
an
enormous
animal
opposite
us
throwing
itself
out
of
the
water
and
then
crashing
down
again.
我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。
写出下列句中opposite的词性和含义
①It's
easy
to
find—there's
a
church
just
opposite
my
house.
prep.在……对面
②However，some
students
have
opposite
views
on
the
question.
adj.相反的
③Good
habits
always
lead
to
high
efficiency，while
bad
ones
lead
to
the
opposite.
n.对立物
④The
woman
sitting
opposite
is
a
detective.
adv.在对面
(1)be
opposite
to
在……对面；和……相反
just
the
opposite
恰恰相反
(2)opposition
n.
反对；反对派；在野党；敌对
oppose
vt.
反对
be
opposed
to
(doing)
sth.
反对(做)……
⑤She
didn't
make
a
mistake—just
the
opposite，what
she
did
was
right.
她没有犯错误，恰恰相反，她所做的是正确的。
⑥As
we
all
know，hot
and
cold
are
opposites.＝
As
we
all
know，hot
is
opposite
to
cold.
我们都知道，热与冷相对。
[语境助记]
My
opinion
is
opposite
to
yours－I
oppose
changing
the
rules.I
find
I
am
in
opposition
to
you
on
many
problems.
我的观点与你的相反，我反对改变这些规则。我发现我在许多问题上与你立场相反。
depth
n.
深；深度；深处
(教材P20)Within
a
moment
or
two，its
body
was
dragged
swiftly
by
the
killers
down
into
the
depths
of
the
sea.过了片刻，那只鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速地拖到深海中去了。
in
depth
全面；深入；详细
at
a
depth
of...
在……的深度
in
the
depths
of
在正中；在深处
①Plant
the
beans
at
a
depth
of
about
six
inches.
把豆子种在大约六英寸深的地方。
②This
is
a
new
subject
and
needs
to
be
explored
in
depth.
这是个新课题，需要深入的研究。
③When
her
son
got
injured
and
disabled
in
the
accident，she
was
in
the
depths
of
despair.
当她儿子在事故中受伤致残时，她陷入了绝望的深渊。
[名师点津]
adj.
deep
high
wide
long
strong
broad
n.
depth
height
width
length
strength
v.
deepen
heighten
widen
lengthen
strengthen
broaden
urge
vt.催促；极力主张；驱策n．强烈的愿望；要求
(教材P20)“Man
overboard！Turn
the
boat
around！”
urged
George，shouting
loudly.乔治催促着并大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”
(1)urge
sth./sb.on
催促某物/某人前进
urge
sb.to
do
sth.
催促某人做某事
urge
sb.into
doing
sth.
催促/力劝某人做某事
urge
that...(should)＋动词原形
催促；极力主张……
It
is
urged
that...
坚决要求……；极力主张……
(2)have
an
urge
to
do
sth.
有做某事的欲望/冲动
(3)urgent
adj.
紧急的；紧迫的
①The
vacation
is
coming
and
I
have
an
urge
to
travel.
假期快到了，我有去旅游的冲动。
②She
could
hear
him
urging
her
on
as
she
ran
past.
她跑过他面前的时候，听到他在为她加油。
③He
urged
her
to
reconsider(consider)
her
decision.＝
He
urged
her
into
reconsidering(consider)
her
decision.
他催促她重新考虑自己的决定。
abandon
vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃
n．狂热；放任
(教材P21)From
James's
face，I
could
see
he
was
terrified
of
being
abandoned
by
us.
从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。
(1)abandon
(doing)
sth.
放弃(做)某物
abandon
oneself
to
沉湎于……
(2)with
abandon
纵情地；恣意地
(3)abandoned
adj.
被遗弃的；恣意放荡的
be
abandoned
to
沉湎于……
①During
their
annual
celebration，they
sang
and
danced
with
abandon.
在他们年度庆祝期间，他们纵情地又唱又跳。
②By
no
means
shall
we
abandon
searching
(search)
for
the
missing
people.
我们绝不会放弃寻找失踪者。
③He
is
abandoned(abandon)
to
reading
all
kinds
of
books
in
his
spare
time.＝
He
abandons
himself
to
reading
all
kinds
of
books
in
his
spare
time.
闲暇之余，他沉湎于阅读各种书籍。
help
(...)
out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
(教材P21)What
evidence
was
there
that
Old
Tom
was
helping
the
whalers
out？有什么证据可以证明老汤姆正在帮助捕鲸人脱离困境？
help
sb.(to)
do
sth.
帮助某人做某事
help
sb.with
sth.
帮助某人做某事
can't
help
but
do
sth.
不得不做某事
can't
help
doing
sth.
忍不住做某事
cannot
help
(to)
do
sth.
不能帮忙做某事
help
oneself
to
sth.
随便取；随便用
①When
your
country
calls
you
for
help，you
can't
help
but
go.
当国家需要你支援时，你必须尽心为国家服务。
②I
can't
help
wondering
(wonder)
what
happened
to
that
little
girl.
我忍不住想知道那个小女孩出了什么事。
③In
China
people
often
ask
the
police
to
help
them
out
when
in
trouble.
在中国，人们遇到麻烦的时候经常找警察帮忙。
(教材P19)It
was
a
time
when
the
killer
whales，or“killers”
as
they
were
then
called，helped
the
whalers
catch
the
baleen
whales
that
were
on
their
annual
migration.那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
【要点提炼】 “It
was
a
time
when...”结构意为“曾经有一段时期……”，其中when引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a
time。
①It
is
a
time
when
you
can
receive
your
friend's
letter
in
a
few
seconds.
这是一个在几秒内你就可以收到朋友邮件的时期。
②There
was
once
a
time
when
women
had
no
right
to
vote.
曾经有一段时期妇女没有选举权。
(教材P20)This
was
the
call
that
announced
there
was
about
to
be
a
whale
hunt.
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
【要点提炼】 be
about
to后接动词原形，意为“正要做某事；即将做某事”，习惯上不与具体的时间状语连用。
(1)be
about
to
do...when...
正要做……，这时……
(2)be
going
to
do...
多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要
做某事或根据某种迹象要发生某事
be
to
do
注定要发生……；表示预先安排好的
计划或约定；应该……
①The
exhibition
is
to
start
in
a
week's
time
as
planned.按计划，展览会将在一周后开幕。
②I'm
going
to
write
to
Henry
this
evening
telling
him
the
good
news.
我今天晚上打算给亨利写信，告诉他这个好消息。
③Don't
go
out
now；we
are
about
to
have(have)
lunch.
不要出去了，马上我们就要吃午饭了。
④She
was
about
to
watch
TV
when
the
electricity
was
cut
off.
她刚要看电视，这时停电了。
1．(教材P19)It
was
a
time
when
the
killer
whales，or
“killers”
as
they
were
then
called，helped
the
whalers
catch
the
baleen
whales
that
were
on
their
annual
migration.
【分析】 句中when引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a
time；as
they
were
then
called也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词killers；that
were
on
their
annual
migration是第三个定语从句，修饰先行词the
baleen
whales。
【翻译】 那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
2．(教材P20)On
the
afternoon
I
arrived
at
the
station，as
I
was
sorting
out
my
accommodation，I
heard
a
loud
noise
coming
from
the
bay.
【分析】 句中I
arrived
at
the
station是定语从句，修饰先行词the
afternoon；as引导的是一个时间状语从句；coming
from
the
bay为现在分词短语作谓语动词heard的宾语补足语。
【翻译】 一天下午我来到捕鲸站，当我整理我的住处时，我听到从海湾方向传来了一阵巨大的喧闹声。
3．(教材P21)It
took
over
half
an
hour
to
get
the
boat
back
to
James，and
when
we
approached
him，I
saw
James
being
firmly
held
up
in
the
water
by
Old
Tom.
【分析】 句中and连接两个并列分句；第一个分句属于It
takes/took
some
time
to
do
sth.句型，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语；在第二个并列分句中when引导的是时间状语从句；being
firmly
held
up为现在分词短语作谓语动词saw的宾语补足语。
【翻译】 我们花了半个多小时才把船头调向詹姆斯，当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着他。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It
is
not
difficult
to
sort
out
the
materials
as
long
as
time
permits.
2．He
came
in
and
took
a
seat
opposite
to
me.
3．What's
the
depth
(deep)
of
the
lake?
4．The
junior
clerk
was
alarmed
when
he
witnessed
(witness)
the
robbery
in
his
office.
5．After
the
civil
war
broke
out，what
should
be
immediately
done
is
to
provide
accommodations
(accommodate)
for
those
who
fled
out
of
their
hometown.
6．Nobody
helped
me
out
when
I
lost
my
job.
7．During
the
civil
war，thousands
of
people
fled
(flee)
the
country.
8．I
was
about
to
ring
him
up
when
he
dropped
in.
9．My
dad
abandoned
smoking
(smoke)
because
of
his
poor
health.
10．I
got
a
note
from
Mary
urging
me
to
get
(get)
in
touch.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．那是一个很多年轻人到农村去锻炼的时代。
It
was
a
time
when
many
young
people
went
to
the
countryside
to
get
some
training.(time)
2．他正要开始时来了一位不速之客。
He
was
about
to
begin
when
an
unexpected
visitor
came.(about)
3．他们强烈主张科学博物馆应在假期开放。
They
urged
that
the
Science
Museum
be
kept
open
during
the
vacation.(open)
4．过去的十年目睹了中国的巨大变化。
The
past
ten
years
has
witnessed
the
great
changes
in
China.(witness)
5．他总是急人之难。
He's
always
willing
to
help
out．(help)
PAGEUnit
3
Under
the
sea
动词?ing的被动语态
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.I
had
already
heard
that
George
didn't
like
being
kept
waiting，so
even
though
I
didn't
have
the
right
clothes
on，I
raced
after
him.2.As
we
drew
closer，I
could
see
a
whale
being
attacked
by
a
pack
of
about
six
other
killers.3.Being
badly
wounded，the
whale
soon
died.4.From
James's
face，I
could
see
he
was
terrified
of
being
abandoned
by
us.5....when
we
approached
him，I
saw
James
being
firmly
held
in
the
water
by
Old
Tom.
1.所有例句中的黑体部分都是动词?ing的被动形式，其构成是being＋done。2.例句1中的黑体部分作动词like的宾语。3.例句2、5中的黑体部分作动词see的宾语补足语。4.例句3中的黑体部分作原因状语。5.例句4中的黑体部分作介词of的宾语。
动词?ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时，要用动词?ing的被动形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。
一、动词?ing被动形式的构成
形式
用法
一般式
being
done
被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
完成式
having
been
done
被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
The
building
being
built
will
be
our
school
library.
正在建造的那座大楼将是我们学校的图书馆。
Having
been
invited，Mr.Li
went
there
to
give
a
speech
though
he
was
busy.
李先生受邀去那儿作演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Having
been
warned
(warn)
about
typhoon，the
fishermen
sailed
for
the
nearest
harbor.
②The
question
being
discussed
(discuss)
now
has
something
to
do
with
nature.
二、动词?ing被动形式的用法
动词?ing的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语。
She
insisted
on
being
given
the
hardest
work.(作宾语)
她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。
You'll
find
the
topic
being
discussed
everywhere.(作宾语补足语)
你会听到到处都在讨论这个话题。
Being
selected
Chairman
of
the
students'
union
made
him
feel
proud.(作主语)
被选为学生会主席，他很自豪。
Not
being
allowed
to
go
out
makes
him
very
angry.(作主语)
他不被允许出去，这让他很生气。
[名师点津]
在动词?ing被动式前加否定副词not便可构成其否定形式。
What
made
his
parents
happy
was
his
being
admitted
to
a
famous
university.(作表语)
让他父母高兴的是他被一所名牌大学录取了。
The
museum
being
repaired
will
be
reopened
to
visitors
next
year.(作定语)
正在维修的博物馆将从明年开始接待客人。
[名师点津]
being
done，to
be
done
与done作定语的区别
to
be
done作定语一般表示未来动作；done表示被动完成的动作；being
done
表示被动的、正在进行的动作。
The
problem
to
be
discussed(＝which
will
be
discussed)
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。
The
problem
discussed
(＝which
was
discussed)
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
会上讨论过的问题非常重要。
The
problem
being
discussed(＝which
is
being
discussed)
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①I
still
remember
being
taken
(take)
to
the
Great
Wall
and
what
I
saw
there.
②Having
been
told
(tell)
many
times，he
still
repeated
the
same
mistake.
③I
heard
this
song
being
sung
(sing)
in
English
then.
三、几种特殊用法
1．在deserve，need，require，want等词之后，总是用动词?ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于“to
be＋过去分词”。
The
blackboard
needs
cleaning.＝The
blackboard
needs
to
be
cleaned.
黑板需要擦干净。
The
broken
window
wants
repairing.＝The
broken
window
wants
to
be
repaired.
那个破窗户需要修理。
2．be
worth后也常跟动词?ing的主动形式表达被动意义。
The
book
is
worth
reading
again.＝The
book
is
worthy
of
being
read
again.＝The
book
is
worthy
to
be
read
again.
这本书值得再读一遍。
3．动词?ing被动式的复合结构
当动词?ing被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词?ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)。
I
am
very
pleased
at
you/your
having
been
honored
with
a
medal.
很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。
The
decision
having
been
made，the
next
problem
was
how
to
make
a
good
plan.
决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①The
road
is
covered
with
some
fallen
trees
and
they
require
removing/to
be
removed
(remove)
immediately.
②The
country
has
already
sent
up
three
unmanned
spacecraft，the
most
recent
one
having
been
launched(launch)
at
the
end
of
last
year.
③If
a
thing
is
worthy
of
being
done(do)，it
is
worth
doing(do)
well.
单句语法填空
1．As
we
approached
the
village，we
saw
new
houses
being
built(build)．
2．I
appreciated
having
been
given
(give)
the
chance
to
study
abroad
two
years
ago.
3．He
narrowly
escaped
being
run
(run)
over.
4．The
flowers
smelling
(smell)
sweet
in
the
botanic
garden
attract
the
visitors
to
the
beauty
of
nature.
5．Not
having
been
told
(tell)
when
the
play
started，he
came
late
to
the
theatre
and
missed
the
first
scene.
6．Afraid
of
being
attacked
(attack)
by
sharks，people
dare
not
go
swimming
in
the
sea.
7．Being
admitted(admit)
to
her
dream
university
was
a
great
thrill
for
Anne.
8．Being
hunted(hunt)
by
the
fierce
tiger，the
deer
had
nowhere
to
hide
itself.
9．Having
been
used
(use)
for
only
half
a
year，the
computer
looks
almost
new.
10．Being
exposed
(expose)
to
sunlight
for
too
much
time
will
do
harm
to
one's
skin.
PAGEUnit
3
Under
the
sea
(教师用书独具)
A
NEW
DIMENSION(方面；维(数))
OF
LIFE
19th
January
I'm
sitting
in
the
warm
night
air
with
a
cold
drink
in
my
hand
and
reflecting(思考)
on
the
day－
a
day
of
pure(纯粹的)
magic!
I
went
snorkelling①
on
the
reef
offshore
this
morning
and
it
was
the
most
fantastic
thing
I
have
ever
done.
Seeing
such
extraordinary
beauty②，
I
think
every
cell(细胞)
in
my
body
woke
up.
It
was
like
discovering
a
whole
new
dimension
of
life.
崭新的生活空间
1月19日
我正坐在温暖的夜空下，手捧一杯冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是纯粹的神奇的一天！这天上午，我戴着呼吸器在近海的珊瑚礁潜泳，这是我曾有过的最好的经历。看到这样奇特的美景，我觉得周身的每个细胞都苏醒了。就像发现了一个崭新的生活空间似的。
[助读讲解] ①go
snorkelling带潜水管潜泳。②seeing
such...为现在分词短语作时间状语。
The
first
thing
I
became
aware
of③
was
all
the
vivid(鲜艳的)
colours
surrounding④
me
—
purples,
reds,
oranges,
yellows,
blues
and
greens.
The
corals
were
fantastic—they
were
shaped
like
fans,
plates,
brains,
lace,
mushrooms,
the
branches
of
trees
and
the
horns
of
deer.
And
all
kinds
of
small,
neat
and
elegant
fish
were
swimming
in
and
around
the
corals.
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。那些珊瑚都是稀奇古怪的——它们的形状像扇子、盘子、大脑、彩条、蘑菇、树枝和鹿角。还有各种各样小的、灵巧的和优美的鱼穿行在珊瑚丛中或环游于珊瑚的周围。
[助读讲解] ③I
became
aware
of为定语从句，修饰the
first
thing。④surround围绕、环绕。
The
fish
didn't
seem
to
mind
me
swimming
among
them.
I
especially
loved
the
little
orange
and
white
fish
that
hid
in
the
waving
long
thin
seaweed(海草).
And
I
also
loved
the
small
fish
that
clean
the
bodies
of
larger
fish⑤
—
I
even
saw
them
get
inside
their
mouths
and
clean
their
teeth!
It
seemed
there
was
a
surprise
waiting
for
me
around
every
corner
as⑥
I
explored
small
caves,
shelves
and
narrow(狭窄的)
passages
with
my
underwater
flashlight(手电筒):
the
yellow
and
green
parrotfish
was
hanging
upside
down,
and
sucking(吮吸)
tiny
plants
off
the
coral
with
its
hard
bird?like
mouth;
a
yellow?spotted
red
sea?slug
was
sliding
by
a
blue
sea?star;
a
large
wise?looking
turtle
was
passing
so
close
to
me
that
I
could
have
touched
it.
我在这些鱼群中游泳，它们似乎并不在乎。我特别喜欢那些橘黄色和白色相间的小鱼，它们藏在摇动着的又长又细的海草里。我也喜欢那些为大鱼清洁身体的小鱼——我甚至还看到它们游进大鱼的嘴里去帮它们清洁牙齿！
当我用水下探照灯在小石洞、暗礁和狭窄通道之间探索时，似乎每个角落都有令我惊奇的东西等待着我：黄绿相间的鹦嘴鱼倒挂着，用鸟儿一样的硬嘴去吸吮珊瑚上的微小植物；一条带着黄斑点的红色海蛞蝓从一个蓝色的海星旁边滑行过去；一只长相聪慧的大海龟紧贴着我的身旁而过，伸手便可触及。
[助读讲解] ⑤that
hid...和that
clean...均是that引导的定语从句，均修饰fish。⑥waiting
for
me...为定语，修饰a
surprise。a
surprise在此处是抽象名词具体化的用法。
There
were
other
creatures
that
I
didn't
want
to
get
too
close
to⑦
—
an
eel
with
its
strong
sharp
teeth,
with
only
its
head
showing
from
a
hole,
watching
for
a
tasty
fish
(or
my
tasty
toe！);
and
the
giant
clam
half
buried
in
some
coral
waiting
for
something
to
swim
in
between⑧
its
thick
green
lips.
Then
there
were
two
grey
reef
sharks,
each
about
one
and
a
half
metres
long,
which
suddenly
appeared
from
behind
some
coral⑨.
I
told
myself
they
weren't
dangerous
but
that
didn't
stop
me
from
feeling
scared
to
death
for
a
moment！
还有一些其他的动物，我不想太靠近它们——一条带有利齿的海鳗，从洞穴里探出头来，望着可作美餐的鱼过来(或者在等着我的美味脚趾伸过去！)；一个巨大的蛤蜊半掩在珊瑚礁中，等待着有什么东西游过来，游到它宽厚的绿嘴唇中去，然后还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长，突然从某些珊瑚后边游了出来。我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点也不能抑制我一时怕得要死的心情！
[助读讲解] ⑦get
close
to靠近。⑧in
between在……之间。⑨which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代reef
sharks。
The
water
was
quite
shallow(浅的)
but
where
the
reef
ended,
there
was
a
steep(陡峭的)
drop
to
the
sandy
ocean
floor.
It
marked
a
boundary(分界线)
and
I
thought
I
was
very
brave
when
I
swam
over
the
edge
of
the
reef
and
hung
there
looking
down
into
the
depths
of
the
ocean⑩.
My
heart
was
beating
wildly
—
I
felt
very
exposed
in
such
deep
clear
water.
What
a
wonderful,
limitless
world
it
was
down
there!
And
what
a
tiny
spot
I
was
in
this
enormous
world！?
水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。这标志着一个分界线，我游过珊瑚礁的边缘，浮在上面往下看海底深处的时候，我认为我还是非常勇敢的。我的心急剧地跳动着——在这样深邃而清澈的海水中，我感觉我是彻底地暴露了。
这个海底世界是多么美妙，多么漫无边际啊！而我在这个极大的世界中又是多么渺小！
[助读讲解] ⑩looking
down...作伴随状语。?两个what引起感叹句用于加强感彩。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
Ⅰ.速读P24教材课文，选择最佳答案
In
the
diary，the
author
mainly
wants
to
tell
us
．
A．what
he
saw
in
the
sea
B．how
the
fish
eat
in
the
sea
C．the
vivid
colours
in
the
sea
D．all
the
plants
in
the
sea
are
poisonous
[答案] A
Ⅱ.速读P24教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．colours
and
shapes
2．Para.2
B．dangers
3．Para.3
C．reflecting
4．Para.4
D．the
reef's
edge
5．Para.5
E．a
final
thought
6．Para.6
F．some
sea
creatures
[答案] 1－6 CAFBDE
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P24教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．The
writer
first
became
aware
of
．
A．all
the
animals
that
he
saw
B．all
the
vivid
colours
surrounding
him
C．all
the
pictures
he
took
D．all
the
flowers
in
the
park
2．What
was
hanging
upside
down
in
the
sea
according
to
the
text?
A．The
orange
and
white
fish.
B．The
yellow?spotted
red
sea?slug.
C．The
yellow
and
green
parrotfish.
D．The
orange
and
blue?striped
angelfish.
3．What
astonished
the
writer
was
that
the
small
fish
．
A．could
eat
sharks
B．dared
to
get
inside
the
mouths
of
larger
fish
to
clean
their
teeth
C．feared
no
animals
in
the
sea
D．were
friendly
to
large
fish
4．From
the
whole
text
we
know
that
the
author
felt
that
．
A．he
was
a
tiny
spot
compared
with
the
sea
world
B．the
ocean
was
a
tiny
spot
compared
with
the
whole
world
C．there
was
no
danger
in
the
sea
except
sharks
D．all
kinds
of
fish
were
waiting
for
something
for
food
[答案] 1－4 BCBA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P24教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
I'm
sitting
in
the
warm
night
air
with
a
cold
drink
in
my
hand
and
1.reflecting(reflect)
on
the
day.It
is
a
day
of
pure
magic！I
went
2.snorkelling(snorkel)
on
the
reef
offshore
this
morning.Seeing
3.such
extraordinary
beauty，I
think
every
cell
in
my
body
woke
up.It
was
like
4.discovering(discover)
a
whole
new
dimension
of
life.The
first
thing
I
became
aware
5.of
was
all
the
vivid
colours
6.surrounding(surround)
me.And
the
fish
didn't
seem
to
mind
7.me(my)
swimming
among
them.However，there
were
other
8.creatures(creature)
that
I
didn't
want
to
get
9.too
close
to.10.What
a
tiny
spot
I
was
in
this
enormous
world！
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．He
folded
his
clothes
in
a
neat
(整齐的)
pile
on
the
chair.
2．If
you
want
to
shoot
the
target
(靶)，you
must
aim
at
it
a
little
bit
higher.
3．Some
flowers
are
reflected
(映射)
in
the
river
which
are
very
beautiful.
4．The
street
is
so
narrow
that
only
one
can
pass.
5．The
fans
gave
a
vivid
description
of
the
first
match
of
the
World
Cup
as
if
they
were
footballers.
6．Be
careful
with
this
sharp
knife，or
you
will
hurt
yourself.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．scare
vt.恐吓
vi.受惊吓→scared
adj.恐惧的；害怕的
2．aware
adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness
n．意识；觉悟
3.
reflect
vi.思考
vt.映射；反射；思考→reflection
n．反射；反映
4．tasty
adj.好吃的；可口的→taste
v．品尝；有……味道
n．味道；喜好
5．sharp
adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen
vt.&
vi.削尖；磨快；尖锐；变锋利
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be
aware
of
对……知道、明白；意识到……
2．upside
down
上下翻转
3．(be)
scared
to
death
吓死了
4．all
kinds
of
各种各样的
5．get
close
to
靠近，接近
6．stop
sb.from
doing
sth.
阻止某人干某事
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．You'll
be
aware
of
the
mistakes
you've
made
sooner
or
later.
2．Suddenly
I
found
a
stranger
getting
close
to
me，which
made
me
a
little
nervous.
3．These
are
boxes
containing
glass.So
make
sure
they
mustn't
be
placed
upside
down．
4．I
was
scared
to
death
when
I
saw
someone
walking
slowly
towards
me
in
the
dark.
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.I'm
sitting
in
the
warm
night
air
with
a
cold
drink
in
my
hand
and
reflecting
on
the
day—a
day
of
pure
magic！我坐在温暖的夜空下，手捧一杯冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是纯粹的神奇的一天！
with复合结构作状语
We
are
sure
that
everything
will
be
better
with
time
going
by.随着时间的推移，我们确信一切都会好起来的。
2.Then
there
were
two
grey
reef
sharks，each
about
one
and
a
half
metres
long...然后，还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长……
独立主格结构作状语
The
meeting
over，we
all
went
home.会议结束后，我们都回家了。
3.The
water
was
quite
shallow
but
where
the
reef
ended，there
was
a
steep...水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡……
where...，there
be...意为“在……的地方，有……”
As
the
saying
goes，where
there
is
a
will，there
is
a
way.常言道，有志者事竟成。
target
n．目标；靶；受批评的对象
(教材P23)First，not
only
target
fish
are
caught
in
the
net，but
many
other
sea
animals
are
found
hanging
there.首先，不仅仅要捕的鱼被困在网内，许多别的海洋动物也被发现挂在网上。
(1)set
a
target
设定目标
aim
at
the
target
瞄准目标
hit/miss
the
target
中/脱靶
(2)target
vt.
把……当作批评对象；以……为攻击
目标；把……对准
target
sth.on/at
把……对准
be
targeted
on/at
以……为目标；把……对准；旨在
①Set
yourself
targets
that
you
can
reasonably
hope
to
achieve.给自己制定有望达到的指标。
②This
TV
show
is
mainly
targeted
at/on
the
young.
这个电视节目主要是针对青年人的。
reflect
vt.
映射；反射；思考
vi.思考
(教材P24)I'm
sitting
in
the
warm
night
air
with
a
cold
drink
in
my
hand
and
reflecting
on
the
day—a
day
of
pure
magic!
我正坐在温暖的夜空下，手捧一杯冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是纯粹的神奇的一天！
(1)reflect
sb./sth.in
sth.
(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像
reflect
sth.from
sth.
从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
reflect
on/upon
sth.
思考某事
(2)reflection
n.
反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思；深思
be
lost
in
reflection
陷入沉思中
①He
stared
at
his
own
image
reflected
in
the
water.
他凝视着自己在水中的倒影。
②I'm
sitting
in
the
small
yard，reflecting
on
the
plan.
我坐在小院子里，想着这个计划。
[语境助记]
The
reason
why
he
is
lost
in
reflection
is
that
he
is
reflecting
on
the
problem，which
is
reflected
in
the
list.
他陷入沉思中的原因是他正在思考在列表中反映出来的问题。
[图形助记]
be/become
aware
of
对……知道；明白；意识到
(教材P24)The
first
thing
I
became
aware
of
was
all
the
vivid
colours
surrounding
me—purples，reds，oranges，yellows，blues
and
greens.
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。
(1)be/become
aware
that...
知道/体会到……
as/so
far
as
I
am
aware
据我所知
make
sb.aware
of...
使某人意识到……
(2)awareness
n.
意识；知道
(3)unaware
adj.
未意识到的；不知道的
①The
failure
made
me
aware
of
my
own
shortcomings.
这次失败使我意识到了我自己的缺点。
②As
far
as
I'm
aware，nobody
has
done
anything
about
it.
据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。
③In
conclusion，people
around
the
world
should
be
well
aware
of
the
real
situation
of
water
shortage.
总之，全世界的人们都应该清楚地知道水资源短缺的真实情况。
④She
was
not
aware
of
having
done
wrong.＝
She
was
not
aware
that
she
had
done
wrong.＝She
was
not
aware
of
what
she
had
done
was
wrong.
她还没意识到她做错了。
[名师点津]
(1)aware后跟名词性从句时，一般从句前不能用of，但在what从句前必须用of。
(2)修饰aware可用well，much，very
much，fully，但不用very。
(3)be
aware后一般不接不定式。
[语境助记]
In
order
to
raise
people's
awareness
of
protecting
our
environment，we
must
make
people
around
us
aware
of
the
importance
of
it
first.
为了增强人们的环境保护意识，我们必须首先让周围的人意识到环保的重要性。
scare
vt.恐吓
vi.受惊吓
n．惊恐
(教材P24)I
told
myself
they
weren't
dangerous
but
that
didn't
stop
me
from
feeling
scared
to
death
for
a
moment!
我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点也不能抑制我一时怕得要死的恐惧心理！
(1)scare
sb.into/out
of
doing
sth.
恐吓某人做某事/吓得某人不敢做某事
scare
sb.away/off
把某人吓跑
(2)scared
adj.
害怕的；被吓呆了的
be/feel
scared
to
death
吓得要死
be
scared
of
sb./sth.(＝be
afraid
of
sb./sth.)
害怕某人/某事
be
scared
to
do
sth.(＝be
afraid
to
do
sth.)
害怕做某事
(3)scaring
adj.
令人害怕的；吓人的
①Some
parents
try
to
scare
their
children
into
behaving
well.
有些父母试图用吓唬的法子使孩子守规矩。
②They
lighted
a
fire
to
scare
away/off
the
wolves.
他们点起火堆，把狼群吓跑。
③Rock
climbing
was
fun
but
I
was
scared(scare)
to
death
from
the
start.
攀岩很有趣，但从一开始时我就吓得要死。
④The
little
girl
is
scared
to
sleep
(sleep)
in
the
bedroom
alone.
这个小女孩害怕单独睡在卧室里。
(教材P24)Then
there
were
two
grey
reef
sharks，each
about
one
and
a
half
metres
long，which
suddenly
appeared
from
behind
some
coral.
然后还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长，突然从某些珊瑚后边游了出来。
【要点提炼】 句中each
about
one
and
a
half
metres
long为独立主格结构，在此句中作状语。
(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。其构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式。
(2)独立主格结构一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
①The
new
teacher
came
in，with
a
smile
on
her
face.＝The
new
teacher
came
in，a
smile
on
her
face.(名词＋介词短语)
新老师面带微笑走了进来。
②With
the
guide
leading
the
way，we
had
no
trouble
getting
out
of
the
forest.＝The
guide
leading
the
way，we
had
no
trouble
getting
out
of
the
forest.(名词＋现在分词)
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
③Such
an
able
man
to
help(help)
you，you
will
surely
succeed
sooner
or
later.
有这么能干的人来帮你，你迟早会成功的。
④Her
glasses
broken(break)，she
couldn't
see
the
words
on
the
blackboard.
她的眼镜坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。
[名师点津]
实际上，独立主格结构和with复合结构的构成相似，with复合结构中去掉with，一般情况下就成了独立主格结构。
(教材P24)The
water
was
quite
shallow
but
where
the
reef
ended，there
was
a
steep
drop
to
the
sandy
ocean
floor．
水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
【要点提炼】 where...，there
be...意为“在……的地方，有……”，where引导地点状语从句。
where
引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：
(1)where引导定语从句时，是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，前面有表示地点的先行词。
(2)where引导状语从句时，是从属连词，所引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。
(3)有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面，而where引导的定语从句则不能。
①It
is
well
known
that
the
panda
lives
where
there
is
plenty
of
bamboo.＝
It
is
well
known
that
the
panda
lives
in
the
place
where
there
is
plenty
of
bamboo.
众所周知，熊猫生活在有大量竹子的地方。
②Where
there
is
sunshine，there
is
life.
有阳光的地方就有生命。
③As
young
men，we
should
learn
to
stand
up
where
we
fall．
作为年轻人，我们应该学会在我们跌倒的地方站起来。
单句语法填空
1.This
college
organizes
annual
visits
to
China
by
groups
of
students
in
order
to
raise
their
awareness
(aware)of
the
importance
and
benefits
of
learning
Chinese.
2．Hearing
the
sudden
shot，the
little
boy
was
almost
scared
to
death.
3．The
final
score
of
the
basketball
match
was
93：94.We
were
narrowly
(narrow)
beaten.
4．I
reflected
on
possible
reasons
for
my
failure.
5．The
boys
turned
the
room
upside
down．
6．The
programme
is
targeted
at
improving
(improve)
the
health
of
women
of
all
ages.
7．The
book
written
(write)
in
simple
English，beginners
were
able
to
read
it.
8．Where
there
is
love，there
is
hope.
9．The
program
will
give
young
athletes
the
chance
to
sharpen(sharp)
their
skills.
10．These
cookies
are
very
tasty
(taste)
and
I
have
a
lot.
PAGEUnit
3
Under
the
sea
如何进行人物肖像描写
肖像描写即描绘人物的面部特征，它包括人物的身材、容貌、服饰、打扮及表情、仪态、风度、习惯性特点等。肖像描写是对人物外貌的一种静态描写，其目的是以“形”传神，刻画人物的性格特征，反映人物的内心世界。
肖像描写一般可以细化为对人物的衣着打扮、体型及五官的描写。在进行肖像描写时，可根据人物性别和年龄差异抓住“五官”特点，写出人物面部特征或根据人物性别或年龄差异运用恰当的比喻、夸张、联想等修辞手法。例如：
1．抓住老人的特点
The
old
man
was
thin
and
gaunt
with
deep
wrinkles
in
the
back
of
his
neck.
老人消瘦而憔悴，脖颈上有些很深的皱纹。
2．抓住男人的特点
My
father
is
strong
and
tall，which
brings
our
family
a
sense
of
safety.
我的爸爸魁梧高大，给我们一家带来安全感。
3．抓住女人的特点
She
is
medium
height，very
slim，but
her
skin
is
as
white
as
snow.
她中等身高，非常瘦弱，但她的皮肤洁白如雪。
4．抓住儿童的特点
The
girl
had
black
hair，white
skin，and
little
red
cheeks.
这个女孩头发乌黑，皮肤白皙，还有红扑扑的小脸蛋。
1．a
graceful
figure
优美的身段
2．a
slim
figure
细长的身体
3．have
a
good
figure
(人)体形很好
4．a
well?built
man
身材魁梧的人
5．an
average
build
中等身材
6．an
old
man
with
white
beard
一位白胡子老人
7．a
gaunt，stooping
old
man
一位枯瘦、驼背的老人
8．wear
round
glasses
戴着圆框眼镜
1．He
had
a
wide
mouth
and
humorous
gray
eyes.
他有一张大嘴和幽默的灰色眼睛。
2．Two
spots
of
color
brightened/lighted
up
her
cheeks.
两朵红霞晕染了她的脸颊。
3．He
has
two
big
dark
eyes
under
a
pair
of
thick
eyebrows.
在一对浓密的眉毛下是他大而黑的眼睛。
4．I'd
noticed
that
his
eyes
were
black—coal
black.
我注意到他的眼睛是黑色的——炭黑色的。
5．She
was
fair?skinned，having
reddish
hair
and
long
fingers.
她皮肤白皙，有着红发和修长的手。
6．His
strongly?built
body
and
sun?tanned
skin
make
him
look
like
a
sportsman.
他强壮的身体和黝黑的皮肤使他看起来像一个运动员。
7．He
has
fine
lines
around
his
eyes.
他的眼睛周围有细细的皱纹。
8．She
is
neither
tall
nor
short，with
a
round
face，and
a
pair
of
sharp
eyes，looking
very
amiable.
她不高不矮，一张圆脸，一双锐利的眼睛，看起来很和蔼可亲。
9．The
young
woman
was
tall
and
elegant.She
had
a
great
amount
of
dark
hair
that
shown
in
the
sunlight，and
a
face
more
beautiful
than
any
other，with
dark，mysterious
eyes.She
was
polite
and
well?mannered，with
a
tender
look.
这个年轻的女人很高，且很优雅。她有一头乌黑的头发，在阳光下显得十分美丽，她的脸比任何其他人都漂亮，她有一双神秘的黑色眼睛。她彬彬有礼，举止得体，目光温柔。
10．He
has
sparking
blue
green
eyes，thinning
silver
hair
that
spills
onto
his
forehead，big
ears，a
triangular
nose，and
tufts
of
graying
eyebrow.
他的眼睛闪烁着蓝绿色光芒，稀疏的银发散落在前额、大耳朵、三角形的鼻子和灰白的眉毛上。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
My
grandparents
taught
me
many
things
on
my
visits
to
their
Missouri
farm，but
no
lesson
was
more
important
than
the
one
they
taught
by
example.Their
marriage
was
a
strong
marriage.While
they
may
have
suffered
hardships
and
losses，they
remained
undefeated
in
marriage.
Grandpa's
dream
was
to
be
an
engineer，and
he
was
well
on
his
way
to
becoming
one
when
the
family
funds
were
lost
in
a
bank
failure
during
the
Great
Depression.He
reluctantly
came
home
from
college
and
found
work
on
a
river
crew.
After
they
married，my
grandparents
began
farming
on
ground
near
the
city
of
Glasgow
using
horse–drawn
equipment.The
story
goes
that
Grandma
would
walk
to
the
field
with
dinner
and
take
up
the
lines，continuing
to
drive
while
Grandpa
ate.When
Grandpa
was
full
and
rested，he
would
go
back
to
farming，while
Grandma
collected
the
dishes
and
walked
home.
The
land
they
farmed
was
good
fertile
ground
but，being
bottom
land，it
was
susceptible
to
flooding.They
lost
more
than
their
crops
and
were
occasionally
forced
to
leave
their
house
when
the
river
made
an
opening
in
the
bank.Once，the
water
rose
so
fast
Grandpa
had
to
use
a
rowboat
to
collect
the
family
through
a
second–floor
window
and
moved
into
a
house
owned
by
my
great–grandma.Later
they
saved
enough
to
buy
a
small
farm.
Machinery
gradually
replaced
their
horse–drawn
tools，and
while
the
advance
was
welcome，it
was
not
without
a
setback:
Grandpa
lost
three
fingers
of
his
left
hand
to
a
corn
picker.My
grandparents
suffered
all
these
losses，but
no
one
ever
heard
them
complain.Grandpa
always
owed
his
misfortunes
to
what
he
called
“Crumbaugh
luck”．It
interested
me
that
he
always
smiled
when
he
spoke
of
it.To
me，it
sure
seemed
that
having
Crumbaugh
luck
was
nothing
to
smile
or
be
happy
about.
My
grandparents
were
more
people
of
action
than
of
words.Not
that
they
didn't
have
much
to
say;
they
just
chose
their
words
well
and
needed
only
a
few
to
convey
much.Their
longest
conversations
took
place
during
breakfast，which
they
ate
around
4：30
a．m.
Paragraph
1：
I
knew
about
some
of
their
early–morning
conversations
because，whenever
we
visited，I
bedded
down
in
a
sleeping
bag
on
their
living
room
floor.
Paragraph
2：
I
really
didn't
think
too
much
about
my
grandpa's
gentle
and
mild
manner
and
I
just
knew
I
liked
listening
to
their
conversations
and
appreciated
how
Grandpa
talked
to
Grandma.I
realize
now
that
【参考范文】
Paragraph
1：
I
knew
about
some
of
their
early–morning
conversations
because，whenever
we
visited，I
bedded
down
in
a
sleeping
bag
on
their
living
room
floor.
Their
activity
would
wake
me，and，since
I
knew
Grandma
would
make
a
second
breakfast
at
a
more
reasonable
hour，I
would
just
lie
comfortably
in
my
warm
sleeping
bag，listening
to
their
discussing
their
plans
for
the
day
and
exchanging
news
and
thoughts
about
local
happenings.Grandpa
was
a
big
man
with
a
deep
voice
that
demanded
attention
and
respect，but
in
those
early–morning
conversations
with
Grandma
his
voice
demanded
nothing.He
spoke
in
a
gentle
and
mild
manner
I
never
heard
in
any
other
setting.
Paragraph
2：
I
really
didn't
think
too
much
about
my
grandpa's
gentle
and
mild
manner
and
I
just
knew
I
liked
listening
to
their
conversations
and
appreciated
how
Grandpa
talked
to
Grandma.I
realize
now
that
what
I
was
listening
to
were
conversations
between
a
man
and
woman
who
had
truly
become
one.Grandpa
respected
and
attended
to
Grandma's
every
need，and
she
willingly
gave
back
all
that
she
received.They
were
happy
no
matter
what
life
brought
them.Their
strong
marriage
is
of
great
help
in
defeating
all
the
hardships.Thank
my
grandparents
for
setting
a
good
example
for
us
to
follow.
PAGEUnit
3
Under
the
sea
【导读】 《白鲸》(Moby
Dick)是19世纪美国最著名的小说家之一赫尔曼·梅尔维尔于1851年发表的一篇海洋题材的小说，小说描写了亚哈船长为了追逐并杀死白鲸莫比·迪克，最终与白鲸同归于尽的故事。阅读下面选取的有关捕鲸的节选，对比中外文化中对鲸鱼态度的异同。
Moby
Dick
(excerpt)
Pitchpoling
To
make
them
run
easily
and
swiftly，the
axles
of
carriages
are
anointed；and
for
much
the
same
purpose，some
whalers
perform
a
similar
operation
upon
their
boat；they
grease
the
bottom.Nor
is
it
to
be
doubted
that
as
such
a
procedure
can
do
no
harm，it
may
possibly
be
of
no
contemptible
advantage；considering
that
oil
and
water
are
hostile；that
oil
is
a
sliding
thing，and
that
the
object
in
view
is
to
make
the
boat
slide
bravely.Queequeg
believed
strongly
in
anointing
his
boat，and
one
morning
not
long
after
the
German
ship
Jungfrau
disappeared，took
more
than
customary
pains
in
that
occupation；crawling
under
its
bottom，where
it
hung
over
the
side，and
rubbing
as
though
diligently
seeking
to
insure
a
crop
of
hair
from
the
craft's
bald
keel.
He
seemed
to
be
working
in
obedience
to
some
particular
presentiment.Nor
did
it
remain
unwarranted
by
the
event.
Towards
noon
whales
were
raised；but
so
soon
as
the
ship
sailed
down
to
them，they
turned
and
fled
swiftly.
Nevertheless，the
boats
pursued，and
Stubb's
was
foremost.By
great
effort，Tashtego
at
last
succeeded
in
planting
one
iron；but
the
stricken
whale，without
at
all
sounding，still
continued
his
horizontal
flight，with
added
speed.Such
unintermitted
strainings
upon
the
planted
iron
must
sooner
or
later
inevitably
extract
it.It
became
imperative
to
lance
the
flying
whale，or
be
content
to
lose
him.But
to
haul
the
boat
up
to
his
flank
was
impossible，he
swam
so
fast
and
furious.What
then
remained?
Of
all
the
wondrous
devices
and
dexterities，the
sleights
of
hand
and
countless
subtleties，to
which
the
veteran
whaleman
is
so
often
forced，none
exceed
that
fine
manoeuvre
with
the
lance
called
pitchpoling.Small
sword，or
broad
sword，in
all
its
exercises
boasts
nothing
like
it.It
is
only
indispensable
with
an
inveterate
running
whale；its
grand
fact
and
feature
is
the
wonderful
distance
to
which
the
long
lance
is
accurately
darted
from
a
violently
rocking，jerking
boat，under
extreme
headway.
Steel
and
wood
included，the
entire
spear
is
some
ten
or
twelve
feet
in
length；the
staff
is
much
slighter
than
that
of
the
harpoon，and
also
of
a
lighter
material—pine.It
is
furnished
with
a
small
rope
called
a
warp，of
considerable
length，by
which
it
can
be
hauled
back
to
the
hand
after
darting.
But
before
going
further，it
is
important
to
mention
here，that
though
the
harpoon
may
be
pitchpoled
in
the
same
way
with
the
lance，yet
it
is
seldom
done；and
when
done，is
still
less
frequently
successful，on
account
of
the
greater
weight
and
inferior
length
of
the
harpoon
as
compared
with
the
lance，which
in
effect
become
serious
drawbacks.As
a
general
thing，therefore，you
must
first
get
fast
to
a
whale，before
any
pitchpoling
comes
into
play.
Look
now
at
Stubb；a
man
who
from
his
humorous，deliberate
coolness
and
equanimity
in
the
direst
emergencies，was
specially
qualified
to
excel
in
pitchpoling.Look
at
him；he
stands
upright
in
the
tossed
bow
of
the
flying
boat；wrapt
in
fleecy
foam，the
towing
whale
is
forty
feet
ahead.Handling
the
long
lance
lightly，glancing
twice
or
thrice
along
its
length
to
see
if
it
be
exactly
straight，Stubb
whistlingly
gathers
up
the
coil
of
the
warp
in
one
hand，so
as
to
secure
its
free
end
in
his
grasp，leaving
the
rest
unobstructed.
Then
holding
the
lance
full
before
his
waistband's
middle，he
levels
it
at
the
whale；when，covering
him
with
it，he
steadily
depresses
the
butt?end
in
his
hand，thereby
elevating
the
point
till
the
weapon
stands
fairly
balanced
upon
his
palm，fifteen
feet
in
the
air.He
minds
you
somewhat
of
a
juggler，balancing
a
long
staff
on
his
chin.Next
moment
with
a
rapid，nameless
impulse，in
a
superb
lofty
arch
the
bright
steel
spans
the
foaming
distance，and
quivers
in
the
life
spot
of
the
whale.Instead
of
sparkling
water，he
now
spouts
red
blood.
That
drove
the
spigot
out
of
him！cried
Stubb.“It's
July's
immortal
Fourth；all
fountains
must
run
wine
today！Would
now，it
were
old
Orleans
whiskey，or
old
Ohio！Then，Tashtego，lad，I'd
have
ye
hold
a
can
to
the
jet，and
we'd
drink
round
it！”
Again
and
again
to
such
gamesome
talk，the
dexterous
dart
is
repeated，the
spear
returning
to
its
master
like
a
greyhound
held
in
skilful
leash.The
agonized
whale
goes
into
his
flurry；the
tow?line
is
slackened，and
the
pitchpoler
dropping
astern，folds
his
hands，and
mutely
watches
the
monster
die.
《白鲸》(节选)
投杆
为了使车轴转得又滑又快，就得给车厢的车轴加油；有些捕鲸人为了一样的目的，也对他们的小艇使用类似的办法；他们给艇底擦油。这种操作，毋庸置疑，是有益无损，而且还可以说是毫无害处的；因为油与水本来就是不能相容的；油是滑溜溜的东西，这种做法的目的是要使得小艇航驶如飞。魁魁格就非常相信给他的小艇擦油这事情。那艘德国船“处女号”消失后不多久，有一天早晨，他比平常更为用劲地给小艇擦油，那只小艇吊在舷侧，他爬在艇底下，拼命擦呀擦的，仿佛在想方设法保证这只小艇的光秃秃的龙骨，长出一簇头发来。
他好像是听凭一阵预感的支配在擦着，而且预感就是事实那样。
将近午刻时分，又发现大鲸了。可是，船一驶过去，它们却又掉了头，迅速逃走了。
然而，几只小艇还是继续追逐下去，由斯塔布的小艇打前锋。费了很大的劲，塔斯蒂哥终于击中了一枪，可是，那条被击中的鲸，却不完全沉下去，还继续横游过去，只是速度加快了一点。这样连续不断的狂奔，那支插在它身上的枪头，一定迟早会给挤出来。于是，只好对这条如飞的大鲸再补上一枪，否则只好听它逃脱。可是，又无法把小艇划到它身边去，它游得那么快那么急。那么，该怎么办呢？
在老捕鲸手往往不得不使用的一切奇计妙策、娴熟的手法与无数灵巧的办法中，莫过于巧妙地使用那种叫作投杆的捕鲸枪了。小剑或者大剑，使用起来总不及这种东西。对付一只使人又气又恨的拼命狂奔的鲸，非得仰仗它不可，它的主要特色，就是能够从一只高速前进的，急腾急跳的小艇上，在极远的距离内一枪中的。
这东西是用钢和木头做成的，整支枪约有十英尺或者十二英尺长，捏柄比标枪的柄子轻一点，也是用较轻的木料——松木做成的。它系有一根叫作纤的细绳子，相当长，有了这样的绳子，枪投出去后，又能收得回来。
在这里，得先说明一下后，再说下去，那就是，标枪虽然也可以像捕鲸枪一样投出去，然而，人们却不大使用它，即使偶尔使用了，也还是不大会一枪中的，因为跟捕鲸枪比起来，标枪很重，又不够长，实际上反而会成为严重的阻碍。因此，一般说来，一定要先拴住一条鲸，这才可以投出捕鲸枪。
现在请瞧斯塔布吧，像他这样在最危急关头而能诙谐百出、胸有成竹、泰然镇定的人，是特别适宜于投杆而胜人一筹的。瞧他！他站在那只如飞的小艇的摇摆不定的船头上，腰板笔直，四下尽是毛绒似的泡沫，那条拖着绳索的鲸就在前面四十英尺的地方。他轻轻地抓起那支长长的捕鲸枪，眼睛瞥了枪身两三下，看它是否笔直，飒飒地把一卷纤子收拢在手里，以便抓住纤头，不跟整条纤子缠在一起。
于是，他把那支长长的捕鲸枪拎在他的腰际，瞄向大鲸，等到完全把它瞄准了，他便从容地压着他手里的长柄，使那枪头翘起，翘得那支武器简直是竖托在他掌心上有十五英尺高。他叫人想起一个变戏法的人，把一根长棒托在下巴上。不一会，快得无法形容地一推，那支灿亮的铁器就高高地弓成拱形，射到那泡沫四起的远方，刹地击中了大鲸的要害。它现在喷出来的已经不是闪亮起泡的水，而是鲜红的血了。
把它身子的塞子拔开啦！斯塔布叫道。“这是不朽的七月四日；今天所有的喷泉一定都流出酒来了！现在如果这就是奥尔良的陈年威士忌，或者是陈年的俄亥俄酒！那么，塔斯蒂哥，老弟，我可要你捧一只小罐凑到喷水孔那边去，让咱们在它旁边喝个痛快啦！”
一面不断地大开这种玩笑，一面就这么反复而熟练地戳着，枪头像是一只被缚在巧妙的皮带里的狼狗一样，一下子就可拉回来，那条吓昏了的鲸越来越慌张了，纤绳一松，投杆人就跳到艇梢，叉起双手，不声不响地瞅着那只巨兽完蛋。
[知识积累]
1．anoint
v．
涂油，抹油
2．keel
n.
(船的)龙骨
3．presentiment
n.
(对不祥事物的)预感
4．unintermitted
adj.
不间断的；连续的
5．imperative
adj.
至关重要的，至关紧要的
6．dexterity
n.
灵巧；熟练
7．equanimity
n.
平和，镇静，泰然
8．dexterous
adj.
敏捷的，灵巧的
[文化链接]
《白鲸》之角色解读
白鲸莫比·迪克充当着自然界的酋长，自命为自然的守护神，因而船长亚哈和白鲸的冲突不可避免。最终亚哈和莫比·迪克同归于尽了。人类和自然谁也征服不了谁，他们就像是地球的两个极一样，互为依靠，互为补充，维持着世界的运转。人类如何面对自然，是人类所永久面临的一个话题，是人类能否保持自身的一个关键。
PAGE
