Module
1
Deep
South
被称为“最后的大陆”的南极洲还是世界上最后的净土吗？读读下面的文章你会有所感触的！
Ship
tourism
to
Antarctica
is
on
the
rise.More
than
35，000
tourists
are
expected
to
visit
Antarctica
this
summer.In
1992－1993，6，750
tourists
visited
Antarctica，according
to
the
Antarctica
Treaty.All
of
this
tourism，however，is
putting
both
tourists
and
the
environment
in
great
danger.
Among
the
tourist
ships
that
visit
the
continent，the
Explorer，a
Canadian
ship，was
one
of
the
first.Put
to
use
in
1969，it
was
built
to
carry
tourists
to
Antarctica.Last
week，however，it
became
the
first
commercial
passenger
ship
to
sink
beneath
the
waters.Fortunately，all
of
the
passengers
and
crew
members
were
rescued
from
the
ship.However，the
sunken
ship
endangered
the
Antarctic's
fragile
environment.The
ship
was
estimated
to
be
holding
48，000
gallons
of
fuel.
As
a
natural
frontier，Antarctica
is
in
a
messy
legal
situation.There
are
no
obvious
answers
as
to
who
is
responsible
for
dealing
with
the
threat
that
tourist
may
cause
to
human
life
and
the
environment.
There
is
no
coast
guard
for
Antarctica.Do
we
want
it
to
become
Disneyland，or
do
we
need
some
controls?
[阅读障碍词]
1．commercial
adj.商业的
2．sink
v．下沉；沉没
3．fragile
adj.脆弱的
4．responsible
adj.有责任的
[诱思导读]
根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Tourism
to
Antarctica
is
putting
both
tourists
and
the
environment
in
great
danger.
(T)
2．The
Explorer，a
Canadian
ship,
was
one
of
the
first
ships
to
carry
tourists
to
Antarctica.
(F)
3．As
a
natural
frontier,
Antarctica
is
in
a
messy
legal
situation.
(T)
Section
Ⅰ Reading(Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.explorer
A．v.促进，增进
( )2.annual
B．n.探险者
( )3.balance
C．v.储存，留存
( )4.extreme
D．n.深度
( )5.trap
E．adj.商业的
( )6.promote
F．n.块，堆，团
( )7.state
G．n.状态；状况
( )8.mass
H．adj.每年的
( )9.commercial
I．v.使平衡
( )10.depth
J．adj.极端的，极度的
[答案] 1－5 BHIJC 6－10 AGFED
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．踏上 B．平均 C．尤其 D．显眼 E．由……组成F．适应 G．接近 H．以……的形式
( )1.Her
red
hair
made
her
quite
stand
out
in
the
crowd.
( )2.The
new
students
are
very
slow
to
adapt
to
the
rules.
( )3.They
work
10
hours
a
day
on
average.
( )4.No
man
has
ever
set
foot
on
that
rocky
island.
( )5.What
places
do
you
want
to
see
in
particular?
( )6.There
is
a
bus
stop
close
to
our
school.
( )7.He
made
the
suggestion
in
the
form
of
a
question.
( )8.Our
class
is
made
up
of
six
groups.
[答案] 1－5 DFBAC 6－8 GHE
Antarctica:
the
Last
Continent
Antarctica
is
the
coldest
place
on
Earth.It's
also
the
driest.With
annual
rainfall
close
to
zero①，
Antarctica
is
technically
a
desert.Covering
about
14
million
square
kilometres
around
the
South
Pole②，
it
is
the
fifth
largest
continent
in
the
world.A
high
mountain
range,
the
Trans?Antarctic
range,
runs
from
east
to
west,
cutting
the
continent
in
two③.There
are
volcanoes
too,
but
they
are
not
very
active.Antarctica
holds
90%
of
the
world's
ice,
and
most
of
its
fresh
water
(70%)
is
in
a
frozen
state,
of
course.98%
of
the
surface
is
covered
permanently
in
the
ice
cap.On
average
it
is
two
kilometres
thick,
but
in
some
places
it
reaches
a
depth
of
five
kilometres.Strong
winds
driven
by
gravity(重力)④
blow
from
the
pole
to
the
coastline,
while
other
winds
blow
round
the
coast.It
is
difficult
to
imagine
a
more
inhospitable
place.
南极洲：最后(一块被发现)的大陆
南极洲是地球上最冷的地方，同时也是最干燥的地方。南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。南极洲覆盖了南极圈周围约1
400万平方公里的面积，是世界第五大洲。一座高耸的山脉横穿南极洲，从东到西将南极洲分成两半。南极洲也有火山，但不活跃。世界上90%的冰都在南极洲，当然南极洲的大部分(70%)淡水也都处于一种冰冻状态。南极洲98%的地表永久地被冰覆盖。冰层平均厚度为2
000米，但某些地方厚度可达5
000米。受地球重力影响，会有暴风从极地吹向海岸，同时也有其他方向吹来的风。很难想象地球上还有比南极洲条件更为恶劣的地方了。
[助读讲解] ①With
annual
rainfall
close
to
zero为“with＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”构成的with复合结构，在此处作原因状语。②Covering
about
...the
South
Pole为现在分词短语作状语。③cutting
the
continent
in
two为现在分词短语作结果状语。④driven
by
gravity为过去分词短语作后置定语。
Yet
Antarctica
is
full
of
wildlife,
which
has
adapted
to
its
extreme
conditions⑤.There
are
different
types
of
penguins,
flying
birds,
seals,
and
whales.But
the
long
Antarctic
winter
night,
which
lasts
for
182
days
(the
longest
period
of
continuous
darkness
on
earth),
as
well
as
the
extreme
cold
and
lack
of
rainfall,
means
that
few
types
of
plants
can
survive
there.Only
two
types
of
flowering
plants
are
found,
while⑥there
are
no
trees
on
the
large
continent.The
rest
of
the
plants
are
made
up
of
mosses(苔藓),
algae(藻类)
and
lichen(地衣)．Some
forms
of
algae
have
adapted(适应)
to
grow
on
ice.
但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。这里有不同种类的企鹅、飞禽、海豹以及鲸鱼。但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在那里生存。这里仅发现了两种开花类植物，而这片大陆上什么树都没有。其他的植物也就是一些苔藓、藻类以及地衣。有些藻类已经适应了在冰上生长。
[助读讲解] ⑤此处which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词wildlife。⑥此处while意为“而，然而”，作并列连词，表示对比。
Most
of
the
ice
has
been
there
for
thousands
of
years.As
a
result,
it
has
become
a
window
on
the
past,
and
can
give
researchers
lots
of
useful
information.Gases
and
minerals,
in
the
form
of
volcanic
dust
trapped
in
the
ice⑦，
can
tell
us
a
lot
about
what
the
world's
climate
was
like
in
past
ages⑧.Antarctic
rocks
are
also
very
important
for
research.Most
of
them
are
meteorites(陨石)
from
outer
space.One
rock,
known
as
the
“Alien”
rock⑨，
may
contain
evidence
of
extra?terrestrial(地球外的)
life.Since
most
Antarctic
rocks
are
dark
in
colour⑩，
they
stand
out
against
the
white
background
and
are
easy
to
identify
and
collect.
南极洲大部分的冰已经有几千年历史了。因此，它已经变成人们了解过去的窗口，可为研究者提供大量有用的信息。这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。南极洲的岩石对于研究来说也很重要。它们大部分是来自外太空的陨石。其中有一块叫作“外星”的岩石，或许能够证明地球以外生命的存在。南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。
[助读讲解] ⑦trapped
in
the
ice为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个限制性定语从句。⑧此处what引导的宾语从句作介词about的宾语。⑨known
as
the
“Alien”
rock为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。⑩此处since引导原因状语从句。
Antarctica
was
the
last
continent
to
be
discovered?.But
more
than
two
thousand
years
ago
Greek
geographers
believed
that
there
was
a
large
land
mass
in
the
south
which
balanced
the
land
in
the
north?.They
called
it
Anti?Arktikos,
or
Antarctica:
the
opposite
of
Arctic.When
Europeans
discovered
the
continent
of
America
in
the
15th
century,
the
great
age
of
exploration(勘查)
began.However,
progress
to
the
South
Pole
was
slow.Not
until
the
late
18th
century
did
the
British
explorer
James
Cook
cross
the
Antarctic
Circle,
but
he
never
saw
land.Then
in
1895,
a
Norwegian
called
Carstens
Borchgrevink?
became
the
first
man
to
set
foot
on
the
Antarctic
mainland.The
race
to
the
pole
had
begun.It
was
finally
reached
on
11th
December,
1911
by
the
Norwegian
Roald
Amundsen.
南极洲是最后一个被发现的大陆。但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就相信地球南边会有一大块陆地来与北边的陆地保持平衡。他们称之为Anti?Arktikos或者Antarctica，意为“与北极相反的”。在15世纪欧洲人发现了美洲以后，大探险时代也随之开始了。然而，到达南极洲的步伐却始终非常慢。直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。奔赴南极点的竞赛开始了。最终一名挪威人罗尔德·阿蒙森于1911年12月11日到达南极。
[助读讲解] ?to
be
discovered为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰the
last
continent。?此处that引导宾语从句，作believed的宾语；其中包含一个which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词land
mass。?called
Carstens
Borchgrevink为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Norwegian。
Today
scientists
from
many
countries
travel
to
Antarctica
to
study
its
resources.A
spirit
of
international
friendship
has
replaced
the
rivalry(竞争)
that
existed
between
many
of
the
earlier
explorers?.In
1961,
a
treaty(条约)
signed
by
12
countries?，
including
Britain,
France,
and
the
USA,
made
Antarctica
the
world's
biggest
nature
reserve.The
aim
of
the
treaty
is
to
prevent
the
commercial(商业的)
and
military
use
of
the
continent?.In
particular,
it
aims
to
keep
Antarctica
free
from
nuclear(核的)
tests
and
radioactive(放射性的)
waste;
to
promote(促进)
international
scientific
projects;
and
to
end
arguments
about
who
owns
the
land?.Today
countries
representing
80%
of
the
world's
population?
have
signed
the
treaty.
Antarctica
has
become
perhaps
the
most
successful
symbol
of
man's
efforts
to
work
together
for
progress
and
peace.
当今，来自许多国家的科学家到南极洲去研究其资源。一种国际友谊已经代替了一些早期探险家之间的互相竞争。1961年，包括英国、法国和美国在内的12个国家签署了一份条约，使南极洲成为世界上最大的自然保护区。条约的目的在于防止那些将南极洲用于商业以及军事方面。该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。今天代表世界人口80%的国家已经签署了这份条约。南极洲或许已经成为人类为了发展与和平而共同努力的最成功的标志。
[助读讲解] ?此处that引导定语从句，修饰先行词rivalry。?signed
by
12
countries为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰treaty。?to
prevent
...为不定式短语作表语。?此处三个并列的不定式短语to
keep
...，to
promote
...，to
end
...作aims的宾语。?representing
...为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰countries。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P2－3教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．The
Antarctica
mainland.
2．Para.2
B．The
Antarctic
Treaty.
3．Para.3
C．Plants
and
animals
living
on
Antarctica.
4．Para.4
D．The
discovery
of
Antarctica.
5．Para.5
E．A
great
place
for
scientific
study.
[答案] 1－5 ACEDB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P2－3教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．How
much
of
the
surface
is
covered
permanently
in
the
ice
cap?
A．90%. B．70%. C．98%. D．80%.
2．How
long
does
the
long
Antarctic
winter
night
last?
A．12
centuries.
B．15
days.
C．11
centuries.
D．182
days.
3．Why
are
the
Antarctic
rocks
easy
to
see?
A．Because
they
are
white
while
the
background
is
black.
B．Because
they
are
black
while
the
background
is
white.
C．Because
they
are
useful
while
the
background
is
useless.
D．Because
they
are
useless
while
the
background
is
useful.
4．Who
was
the
first
to
land
on
the
Antarctic
mainland?
A．James
Cook.
B．Roald
Amundsen.
C．Greek
geographers.
D．Carstens
Borchgrevink.
5．What
is
the
aim
of
the
treaty
signed
in
1961?
A．To
prevent
the
commercial
and
military
use
of
the
continent.
B．To
prevent
the
research
in
the
Antarctic.
C．To
keep
the
hunters
from
killing
the
penguins.
D．To
avoid
the
war
between
the
advanced
countries.
[答案] 1－5 CDBDA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P2－3教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Antarctica,
the
coldest
place
on
Earth,
is
the
fifth
1.largest
(large)
continent
in
the
world.The
2.conditions(condition)
there
are
quite
extreme
with
3.nearly
(near)
no
rainfall.98%
of
the
surface
is
covered
permanently
by
ice
and
strong
winds
4.driven
(drive)
by
gravity
blow
from
the
pole
to
the
coastline.However,
it
is
full
of
wildlife
like
the
famous
penguins,
5.which
can
adapt
to
its
hard
conditions.The
ice
there
6.has
become
(become)
a
window
on
the
past
with
gases
and
minerals
7.trapped(trap)
in
it.It
was
not
until
1895
8.that
the
Norwegian
explorer
called
Carstens
Borchgrevink
set
foot
9.on
the
Antarctic
mainland.In
1961,
12
countries
signed
a
treaty
to
make
it
the
world's
biggest
nature
reserve.Today
scientists
from
all
over
the
world
go
there
10.to
study(study)
its
resources
and
to
work
together
for
progress
and
peace.
PAGEModule
1
Deep
South
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——主语和动词
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
主语
①Antarctica
is
the
coldest
place
on
Earth.②They
called
it
Anti?Arktikos,
or
Antarctica.③98%
of
the
surface
is
covered
permanently
in
the
ice
cap.④To
learn
a
foreign
language
well
is
not
easy.⑤Swimming
is
a
good
exercise.⑥Whether
he
will
come
is
doubtful.
1.①～⑥句中的黑体部分在句中均作主语。2.由④⑤⑥句可知，不定式、动名词、从句作主语时谓语动词通常要用单数形式。
动词
⑦I
hope
to
see
you
soon.⑧He
came
in
and
sat
down.⑨The
student
went
pale
when
he
saw
the
teacher.⑩I
can
easily
tell
my
father's
step.?We
hadn't
walked
far
when
we
lost
our
way.
3.由⑦～?可知，黑体部分均为动词，⑦⑧句中的黑体部分可直接作谓语，而⑨⑩?句中黑体部分不能单独作谓语。
考点一 主语
主语是一句话的中心。主语通常由名词、the＋形容词、代词、数词或者相当于名词的不定式、动名词或从句充当。
词类
例句
名词
The
news
is
exciting.
the＋形容词
The
disabled
are
well
cared
for
in
our
country.
代词
None
of
us
believed
what
he
said.
数词
One?third
of
the
work
has
been
finished.
不定式
To
decide
is
to
act.(决定即行动。)
动名词
Watching
a
film
is
a
pleasure；making
one
is
hard
work.
从句
Whether
he
will
come
is
unknown.
[名师点津]
不定式、动名词和主语从句作主语时，习惯用it充当形式主语，把真正的主语置于句末。
It's
a
pity
that
you
should
have
to
leave.
你非走不可真是一件遗憾的事。
It
is
an
honour
to
be
here
with
you.
能与你一起在这儿很荣幸。
[即时演练1] 画出下面句子中的主语
①It
takes
us
hours
to
do
our
homework
every
day.
②One
must
admire
him
for
his
willingness.
③“How
do
you
do？”is
a
greeting.
④There
is
a
chemical
works
over
there.
⑤Learning
how
to
raise
the
sails，of
course，is
an
important
part
of
a
sailor's
training.
考点二 动词
动词按照在句中的功能可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。实义动词、系动词等都可在句中作谓语。谓语动词除了在人称和数上与主语保持一致外，还有各种时态和语态的变化。
1．动词的分类
动词的分类
用法
实义动词
及物动词
一般情况下，其后要跟宾语，意思才完整，如teach，do，expect，hear，learn等；pass，buy，offer，hand等跟双宾语；make，find，think，consider等跟复合宾语
不及物动词
动词之后不能跟宾语，如arrive，come，die，rise，get，happen，exist，talk，work，swim等
系动词
通常要加上表语，否则意义不完整，如be，become，keep，remain，stay，lie，stand，seem，appear，look，feel，smell，taste，sound，grow，turn，get，go等
情态动词
后接动词原形，与其一起构成谓语，本身具有词义，如can/could，will/would，shall/should，may/might，need，dare，must等
助动词
用来构成各种时态和语态，本身无具体词义，如do，have，be，shall，will，would等
2.动词的时态(以动词ask为例)
时态种类
构成
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般时
asksask
asked
shall/will＋ask
should/would＋ask
进行时
am/is/are＋asking
was/were＋asking
shall/will＋be＋asking
should/would＋be＋asking
完成时
have/has＋asked
had＋asked
shall/will＋have＋asked
should/would＋have＋asked
完成进行时
have/has＋been＋asking
had＋been＋asking
3.常用时态的被动语态的结构
时态
被动语态
一般现在时
am/is/are＋过去分词
一般过去时
was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时
will/shall＋be＋过去分词
过去将来时
would/should＋be＋过去分词或was/were
going
to
be＋过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/are
being＋过去分词
过去进行时
was/were
being＋过去分词
现在完成时
has/have
been＋过去分词
过去完成时
had
been＋过去分词
[即时演练2] 单句改错
①We
must
found
ways
to
protect
the
environment.found→find
②A
woman
saw
him
crying
and
telling
him
to
wait
outside
the
shop.telling→told
③We
can
lie
on
the
grass
for
a
rest,
or
sit
by
the
lake
listening
music.listening后加to
④In
my
opinion,
cheating
in
exams
are
wrong.are→is
⑤She
had
taught
us
English
when
I
attended
training
courses
two
years
ago.去掉had
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．His
family
are
watching(watch)
TV
now.
2．I
met(meet)
Lucy
on
the
street
the
other
day.
3．Great
changes
have
taken(take)
place
in
our
school
in
the
past
five
years.
4．A
position
was
offered(offer)
to
him
then.
5．Five
cars
have
been
repaired(repair)
so
far.
6．Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
is(be)
often
acceptable.
7．If
you
come
to
visit
China，you
will
experience(experience)
a
culture
of
amazing
depth
and
variety.
8．It
is
no
use
telling
him
not
to
worry.
9．Between
the
two
windows
hangs(hang)
a
picture.
10．Where
to
hold(hold)
the
meeting
hasn't
been
decided.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．We
can
chose
between
staying
at
home
and
taking
a
trip.chose→choose
2．I
know
the
girl
who
invited
to
the
party
by
the
boy
last
night.who后加was
3．At
that
time，we
often
spend
time
together.spend→spent
4．He
said
that
it
was
the
best
gift
he
has
ever
had.has→had
5．He
ordered
that
everything
should
put
in
order.should后加be
6．The
oranges
were
tasted
sweet.去掉were
PAGEModule
1
Deep
South
Section
Ⅴ Guided
Writing——如何介绍旅游景点
介绍一个旅游景点，就是对其大致状况进行描述，向人们展示该地方的地貌特征、风土人情、历史文化等。写此类文章应注意以下几点：
1．内容一般包括该地方的位置、面积、人口、历史、气候、特产等。也可以适当地融入人文风貌，简单介绍当地的文化遗址、民间风俗及有趣的生活方式等。但是一定要抓住该地方的主要特色，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。
2．要遵循一定的写作顺序。描述该地方的位置时，首先要找好中心点，再由近及远，也可以先整体后局部，或按照一定时间层次或空间层次。描述时可以适当使用过渡性连接词。
3．可以适当运用比喻句式。形象的比喻可以给读者展示一幅生动的画面。
1．be
located/situated
in；lie
in...；be
surrounded
by...；be
bordered
on；the
north
by；to
the
east
of
2．It
covers
an
area
of
about/over...square
kilometres；Its
area
is...square
kilometres.
3．It
has
a
population
of
about/over...；Its
population
is...
4．It
has
a
history
of
about...years.
5．The
climate
is
pleasant.The
average
temperature
is...；The
coldest
months
are...
6．be
famous/well?known
as/for...；be
rich
in(mineral
resources
including...)
假设某英语报社正在举办以“地球母亲大家说”为主题的征文比赛。请你根据以下要点，写一篇介绍南极洲的英语短文，向该报社投稿。内容包括：
1．位于地球的最南端，面积约1
400万平方公里，几乎占地球陆地面积的1/10；
2．它是世界上最寒冷的地方，常年有冰雪覆盖；
3．冬天很长，从四月持续到十月；
4．植物很少，但有许多有名的动物像企鹅、鲸等。
5．它的自然资源很丰富，有铁、煤等；
6．目前只有一些科学工作者居住在那里。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
体裁
说明文
时态
一般现在时
主题
介绍南极洲
人称
第三人称
结构
第一段：介绍南极洲的地理位置和面积第二段：介绍南极洲的气候、生物、自然资源以及利用情况
Ⅰ.对接模块词汇
1．Antarctica
n．
南极洲
2．extreme
adj.
极端的，极度的
3．adapt
to
适应
4．make
up
形成；组成
Ⅱ.巧用模块句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．南极洲是位于地球最南端的一个洲。
Antarctica
is
a
continent
in
the
extreme
south
of
the
earth.
2．它占地面积约1
400万平方公里，几乎占地球陆地面积的1/10。
It
covers
an
area
of
about
14
million
square
kilometers
and
makes
up
almost
one
tenth
of
the
world's
total
land
area.
3．它是世界上最寒冷的地方，常年有冰雪覆盖。
Antarctica
is
the
coldest
continent
on
earth
and
is
covered
with
ice
and
snow
all
the
year
round．
4．它太寒冷了，很少有植物生长。
It's
so
cold
that
very
few
plants
can
grow
there.
5．它有许多有名的动物像企鹅、鲸等，它们已经适应了极端状况。
It
has
many
well
known
animals
such
as
penguins,
whales,
which
have
adapted
to
its
extreme
conditions．
6．它的自然资源很丰富，有铁、煤等。
It
is
rich
in
mineral
resources
including
iron,
coal
and
so
on.
(二)句式升级
1．用现在分词短语作状语改写2句
It
covers
an
area
of
about
14
million
square
kilometers,
making
up
almost
one
tenth
of
the
world's
total
land
area.
2．用含有定语从句的复合句改写3句
Antarctica
is
the
coldest
continent
on
earth,
which
is
covered
with
ice
and
snow
all
the
year
round.
【参考范文】
Antarctica
is
a
continent
in
the
extreme
south
of
the
earth.It
covers
an
area
of
about
14
million
square
kilometers,
making
up
almost
one
tenth
of
the
world's
total
land
area.
Antarctica
is
the
coldest
continent
on
earth,
which
is
covered
with
ice
and
snow
all
the
year
round.Its
winter
is
very
long,
which
lasts
from
April
to
October.It's
so
cold
that
very
few
plants
can
grow
there.But
it
has
many
well
known
animals
such
as
penguins,
whales,
which
have
adapted
to
its
extreme
conditions.What's
more,
it
is
rich
in
mineral
resources
including
iron,
coal
and
so
on.
Up
to
now
only
some
visiting
scientists
live
there.Maybe
one
day
lots
of
households
will
live
there.
PAGEModule
1
Deep
South
【导读】 你曾长期独处过吗？你能够孤身一人在荒岛上生活多年吗？你能够给自己建造房屋，学会种植谷物并制作面包，学会用动物的皮为自己缝制衣服吗？阅读下列节选内容，了解一下《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的孤岛生活吧！
Robinson
Crusoe(excerpt)
When
day
came，the
sea
was
quiet
again.I
looked
for
our
ship
and，to
my
surprise，it
was
still
there
and
still
in
one
piece.“I
think
I
can
swim
to
it，”I
said
to
myself.So
I
walked
down
to
the
sea
and
before
long，I
was
at
the
ship
and
was
swimming
round
it.But
how
could
I
get
on
to
it？In
the
end，I
got
in
through
a
hole
in
the
side，but
it
wasn't
easy.
There
was
a
lot
of
water
in
the
ship，but
the
sand
under
the
sea
was
still
holding
the
ship
in
one
place.The
back
of
the
ship
was
high
out
of
the
water，and
I
was
very
thankful
for
this
because
all
the
ship's
food
was
there.I
was
very
hungry
so
I
began
to
eat
something
at
once.Then
I
decided
to
take
some
of
it
back
to
the
shore
with
me.But
how
could
I
get
it
there?
I
looked
around
the
ship，and
after
a
few
minutes，I
found
some
long
pieces
of
wood.I
tied
them
together
with
rope.Then
I
got
the
things
that
I
wanted
from
the
ship.There
was
a
big
box
of
food—rice，and
salted
meat，and
hard
ship's
bread.I
also
took
many
strong
knives
and
other
tools，the
ship's
sails
and
ropes，paper，pens，books，and
seven
guns.Now
I
needed
a
little
sail
from
the
ship，and
then
I
was
ready.Slowly
and
carefully，I
went
back
to
the
shore.It
was
difficult
to
stop
my
things
from
falling
into
the
sea，but
in
the
end
I
got
everything
on
to
the
shore.
Now
I
needed
somewhere
to
keep
my
things.
There
were
some
hills
around
me，so
I
decided
to
build
myself
a
little
house
on
one
of
them.I
walked
to
the
top
of
the
highest
hill
and
looked
down，I
was
very
unhappy，because
I
saw
then
that
I
was
on
an
island.There
were
two
smaller
islands
a
few
miles
away，and
after
that，only
the
sea.Just
the
sea，for
mile
after
mile
after
mile.
After
a
time，I
found
a
little
cave
in
the
side
of
a
hill.In
front
of
it，there
was
a
good
place
to
make
a
home.So，I
used
the
ship's
sails，ropes，and
pieces
of
wood，and
after
a
lot
of
hard
work
I
had
a
very
fine
tent.The
cave
at
the
back
of
my
tent
was
a
good
place
to
keep
my
food，and
so
I
called
it
my“kitchen”．That
night，I
went
to
sleep
in
my
new
home.
The
next
day
I
thought
about
the
possible
dangers
on
the
island.Were
there
wild
animals，and
perhaps
wild
people
too，on
my
island？I
didn't
know，but
I
was
very
afraid.So
I
decided
to
build
a
very
strong
fence.I
cut
down
young
trees
and
put
them
in
the
ground，in
a
half?circle
around
the
front
of
my
tent.I
used
many
of
the
ship's
ropes
too，and
in
the
end
my
fence
was
as
strong
as
a
stone
wall.Nobody
could
get
over
it，through
it，or
round
it.
Making
tents
and
building
fences
is
hard
work.I
needed
many
tools
to
help
me.So
I
decided
to
go
back
to
the
ship
again，and
get
some
more
things.
I
went
back
twelve
times，but
soon
after
my
twelfth
visit
there
was
another
terrible
storm.The
next
morning，when
I
looked
out
to
sea，there
was
no
ship.
When
I
saw
that，I
was
very
unhappy.“Why
am
I
alive，and
why
are
all
my
friends
dead？”I
asked
myself.“What
will
happen
to
me
now，alone
on
this
island
without
friends？How
can
I
ever
escape
from
it？”
Then
I
told
myself
that
I
was
lucky—lucky
to
be
alive，lucky
to
have
food
and
tools，lucky
to
be
young
and
strong.But
I
knew
that
my
island
was
somewhere
off
the
coast
of
South
America.Ships
did
not
often
come
down
this
coast，and
I
said
to
myself，“I'm
going
to
be
on
this
island
for
a
long
time.”So，on
a
long
piece
of
wood，I
cut
these
words：
I
came
here
on
30th
September
1659.After
that，I
decided
to
make
a
cut
for
each
day.
《鲁滨逊漂流记》节选
当白天到来时，大海又恢复了平静。我寻找我们的船，令我惊诧的是它依然在那儿并且没有破碎。“我想我能够游到那儿，”我自言自语。于是，我朝大海里走去，不一会儿，我靠近了船绕着它游。只是，我怎样才可以上去呢？最后，我从船舷一侧的一个洞里钻了进去，但却很不容易。
船里积了很多水，但海底的沙使船固定在了一个地方。船的尾部翘出了水面，这让我非常庆幸，因为船上全部的食物都储存在那儿。我已经很饥饿，所以我马上开始吃东西。然后决定带一些食物回到岸上。可是我又怎样才能做到呢？
我察看了这只船的四周，几分钟后，我找到了几块长条的木板。我用绳子把它们紧扎在一起。然后我便搬上我想从船上带走的东西。那儿有一大箱食品——米、咸肉和硬面包。我还拿了很多坚固的小刀及其他工具，船帆、绳子、纸、钢笔、书及7枝枪。现在我需要在船上找一个小帆，不一会儿，我就找好了。我慢慢地、小心翼翼地向岸边划，要使我的东西不掉到海里是挺困难的，但终于我把每一件东西都弄上了岸。
现在，我需要地方来存放我的东西。
在我的周围有些小山丘，于是我决定在其中的一个小山上给自己建一座小屋。我走到最高的小山的山顶往下看。我非常沮丧，因为那时我才明白我是在一个孤岛上。几英里外有两个更小的岛，更远的地方，只剩下了大海，绵延数英里的大海。
过了不久，我在小山的一侧找到了一个小洞穴。在它前面，是一个安家的好地方。于是，我用那些船的帆，绳子及木板经过很艰苦的劳作，我有了一个非常好的帐篷。帐篷后面的洞穴是存放食物的好地方，所以我称之为我的“厨房”。那天晚上，我便在我的新家睡觉。
第二天，我仔细设想了岛上可能存在的危险。在我的岛上，会不会有野兽，也许还会存在野人？虽然我不知道，但却很害怕。于是我决定建一个坚固的栅栏。我砍倒了一些小树，插入到地上，在我的帐篷前围成个半圆。我还用了很多船上的绳子，最后我的栅栏就像一堵坚固的石墙。没有人可以翻进来，钻进来或者绕过来。
建造帐篷和修建栅栏篱笆是一项艰苦的工作。我需要很多工具来帮我。所以，我打算再次回到船上，去拿更多的东西。
我回去了12次，但就在我第12次回来之后不久又来了一场暴风雨。第二天一早我朝外瞧向大海时，船不见了。
目睹了这一切，我非常悲伤。“为什么我活着，而我所有的朋友们却都死了？”我问自己。“现在对于我又会有什么事情发生呢？没有朋友独自生活在岛上，我怎么才能够逃离这儿？”
但随即我告诉自己我是幸运的——能够幸运地活下来，幸运有食物、有工具，幸运自己还年轻力壮。但我知道我的小岛在远离南美海岸的某个地方。船只不太经常沿着这个海岸航行，我对自己说，“我会在这个岛上待很长时间。”于是，在一长条的木牌上，我刻下了这些话：
我于1659年9月30日来到此岛以后，我决定每天都刻上一个记号。
[知识积累]
1．be
thankful
for
为……感谢
2．half?circle
n.
半圆
3．fence
n.
篱笆，栅栏
4．tool
n.
工具
5．escape
from
从……中逃出
[文化链接]
《鲁滨逊漂流记》之主题解读
笛福创作的长篇虚构小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》主要讲一个叫鲁滨逊的航海家在航海途中遇到大风，漂流到一个荒无人烟的小岛上，在岛上生活了28年之久。中间遇到许多困难，靠自己的聪明才智解决了问题，最后回到英国的故事。这部小说告诉我们在面对恶劣环境挑战时，不要绝望和妥协，而要勇敢地面对现实。
PAGEModule
1
Deep
South
Section
Ⅳ Language
Points(Ⅱ)(Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner)
Part
1
阅读P7教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Shackleton
had
planned
that
the
journey
to
the
South
Pole
would
last
6
months
but
they
spent
around
a
year
reaching
there
at
last.(F)
2．Shackleton
and
his
men
stayed
on
the
ship
named
Endurance，then
on
the
lifeboat，on
a
sheet
of
ice，on
Elephant
Island
and
last
on
South
Georgia.
(F)
3．Shackleton
was
a
brave，kind
and
wise
man.(T)
Part
2
Ⅰ.速读P11教材课文，写出文章的主题
The
text
mainly
gives
us
some
tips
for
a
visit
to
the
South
Poles．
Ⅱ.细读P11教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．If
you
are
on
the
South
Poles,
be
sure
to
protect
yourself
from
the
strong
sunlight.(T)
2．The
air
there
is
pure
because
of
much
snow.(F)
3．Life
there
can
be
normal
as
we
do
on
the
earth.(F)
4．Conventional
equipment
can
work
well
as
it
should
do.(F)
Ⅲ.根据P11教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
There
are
three
South
Poles：a
ceremonial
Pole,
1.which
is
on
the
moving
glacier，a
geographical
or
true
Pole，and
a
magnetic
Pole
which
changes
its
position
according
to
the
2.movement(move)
of
the
Earth.Because
the
South
Pole
is
a
high
altitude
site,
3.the
glare
of
the
sunlight
is
very
intense.Also
it
4.is
reflected(reflect)
by
the
snow.If
you
don't
wear
sunglasses，there
is
a
severe
risk
that
you
5.will
damage(damage)
your
eyesight
or
get
6.badly(bad)
sunburnt.You
must
be
very
careful
out
7.in
the
open
air
because
it
is
so
cold
that
you
can
become
numb
without
8.realising(realise)．But
the
air
is
very
pure
there.Remember
that
the
ecology
of
Antarctica
is
very
delicate.So
be
careful
9.to
leave(leave)
nothing
but
10.footprints(footprint)．
Part
3
阅读P13教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The
book
about
Marco
Polo's
travels
was
written
by
Marco
Polo.(F)
2．As
soon
as
Marco
began
his
journey，he
became
very
famous.(F)
3．When
the
book
was
published,
people
all
believed
it
deeply.(F)
4．Only
people
who
know
China
very
much
can
understand
those
obscure
names
and
facts.(T)
5．The
book
described
the
amazing
things
in
China
such
as
paper
money
and
coal.(T)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Who
will
take
the
place
of
Mr.Smith
during
his
absence(缺席)?
2．Although
he
has
achieved
a
lot,
he
remains
modest(谦虚的)．
3．It
was
a
privilege(荣幸)
to
work
with
him.
4．She
has
the
ability
to
keep
calm
in
an
emergency．
5．Don't
lie
in
the
sun
for
too
long，otherwise
you
will
get
sunburnt．
6．Don't
let
one
failure
discourage
you.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．normal
adj.正常的→abnormal
adj.不正常的，反常的
2．absence
n．缺乏；没有；缺席→absent
adj.缺席的
3．discourage
v．阻止；打消……的念头→discouraging
adj.令人沮丧的→discouraged
adj.沮丧的→discouragement
n．泄气；使人泄气的人(事)
4．trick
n．诡计v.戏弄；欺骗→tricky
adj.困难的，棘手的
5．inspire
v．鼓舞；激励→inspiring
adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的→inspiration
n．鼓舞；启示；灵感
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．reply
to
回答
2．come
into
sight
进入视野，看得见
3．break
up
碎开，粉碎
4．come
up
with
想出
5．take
a
risk
冒险
6．be
fond
of
喜欢
7．in
case
of
如果；假使
8．set
off
出发，动身
9．in
detail
详细地
10．leave
behind
遗留，留下
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Lucy
came
up
with
a
new
idea
for
increasing
sales.
2．When
a
village
came
into
sight
at
last，everyone
took
a
long
and
deep
breath.
3．When
he
got
to
the
station，the
train
had
already
set
off．
4．The
policeman
asked
me
to
describe
the
accident
in
detail．
5．The
family，who
are
fond
of
music，go
to
the
concert
once
a
month.
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.If
you
don't,
there's
a
severe
risk
that
you'll
damage
your
eyesight
or
get
badly
sunburnt.如果你不这样做，你会冒很大的险，(强烈的光线)会损坏你的视力或者使你严重晒伤。
that引导同位语从句。
现代科学已经给出明显的证据，吸烟会导致很多疾病。Modern
science
has
given
clear
evidence
that
smoking
can
lead
to
many
diseases.
2.While
on
their
journey
buying
and
selling
spices,
silks
and
jewels,
they
befriend
one
of
the
most
powerful
men
on
Earth,
Kubla
Khan.在旅途中他们买卖香料、丝绸和珠宝，并与世界上最有影响力的人物中的一位——忽必烈汗结为朋友。
状语从句的省略。
这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大约1
000个买家。Although
small,
the
company
has
about
1，000
buyers
in
over
30
countries.
come
into
sight
进入视野
(教材P7)But
when
land
came
into
sight，the
Endurance
became
trapped
in
the
ice
and
began
to
break
up.
但当人们看见陆地的时候，“耐力”号却陷在冰块里并开始解体。
(1)catch
sight
of
突然看到(注意到)
lose
sight
of
看不见；忽略，失去……的音信
(2)at
first
sight
初见，乍一看
in/within
sight
在视野内，看得见
out
of
sight
在视野外，看不见
at
the
sight
of
一看见……就……
(3)Out
of
sight，out
of
mind.
眼不见，心不烦。
①The
house
was
out
of
sight
behind
a
wall.
房子被墙遮住，看不见了。
②She
let
out
a
cry
of
surprise
at
the
sight
of
the
snake.
她一见到蛇，就发出惊异的叫喊声。
③She
lost
sight
of
the
path
as
the
trees
around
her
became
thicker.
随着周围的树木变得稠密，她看不见小路了。
come
up
with(针对问题等)想出；提供
(教材P7)When
they
reached
the
island，Shackleton
came
up
with
an
idea—it
was
a
risk
but
he
would
have
to
take
it.他们抵达小岛后，沙克尔顿想出个主意——这是一场冒险，但他却不得不试一试。
come
about
发生，造成
come
across
偶然遇到
come
up
走近；被提出
come
on
快点；得了吧
come
out
出现；出版
come
to
总计，达到；谈到
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Researchers
from
Georgia
Tech
say
that
they
have
come
up
with
a
low?cost
device
that
gets
around
this
problem：a
smart
keyboard.
佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说他们想出要研发能解决这个问题的一种装置：智能键盘。
②How
did
it
come
about
that
he
knew
where
we
were？
他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？
③Everyone
hopes
that
the
question
will
come
up
at
the
meeting.
每个人都希望这个问题在会上被提出来。
[名师点津]
由“动词＋up
with”构成的短语还有：
①catch
up
with
追上，赶上
②keep
up
with
跟上
③put
up
with
容忍，忍受
absence
n．[U]缺乏；没有[C，U]不在，缺席
(教材P11)Sunrise
and
sunset
come
once
every
six
months，and
in
the
winter
the
total
absence
of
daylight
can
be
tiresome，and
for
some，depressing.
日出和日落每6个月才有一次，在冬天完全没有白天让人非常厌烦，对有些人来说很压抑。
(1)absence
from
缺席
in
the
absence
of
缺乏
in
one's
absence
某人不在时
absence
of
mind
心不在焉，魂不守舍
(2)absent
adj.
缺席的；不在场的
be
absent
from...
不参加……，缺少……
①In
the
absence
of
Mr.Jackson，we
held
a
meeting.
在杰克逊先生不在时，我们开了会。
②He
made
a
lot
of
spelling
mistakes
because
of
his
absence(absent)
of
mind.
因为心不在焉，他犯了许多拼写错误。
③He
was
absent
from
the
meeting
for
one
reason
or
another.他因为某种原因而没有出席会议。
discourage
vt.使某人失去信心；使某人泄气；设法阻止；打消……的念头
(教材P11)We
discourage
you
from
smoking
except
in
specific
areas.
除了在某些特别的地方，我们不鼓励你吸烟。
(1)discouraged
adj.
感到泄气的
(2)discouraging
adj.
令人泄气的
(3)discourage
sb.from
doing
sth.
劝阻某人做某事
(4)encourage
vt.
鼓励
encourage
sb.to
do
sth.
鼓励某人做某事
①We
should
discourage
children
from
smoking.
我们应该劝孩子们不要吸烟。
②Don't
criticize
a
student
much
too
often，otherwise
he
would
soon
get
discouraged(discourage)．不要过于频繁地批评一个学生，要不然他很快就会灰心的。
③The
doctor
has
discouraged
him
from
smoking.
在医生的劝阻下，他戒烟了。
in
case
of
以防(表示目的)；如果；假使(表示条件)
(教材P11)Medical
assistance
is
available
in
case
of
an
emergency.
如有紧急情况会有医疗援助。
(1)in
case(＋从句)
假使；以防(万一)
in
any
case
在任何情况下
in
no
case
在任何情况下都不(置于句首时，句
子用部分倒装)
(2)as
is
often
the
case
情况总是这样
①It
was
considerate
of
Michael
to
inform
us
of
his
delay
in
case
we
got
worried.迈克尔通知我们他的延误以防我们担心，他真是考虑周全。
②In
no
case
should
I
give
up.
在任何情况下我都不应该放弃。
③As
is
often
the
case，we
found
that
the
solution
was
in
great
detail.
我们发现解决方案非常详细，这是常有的情况。
privilege
n．荣幸；特权；优惠待遇
(教材P11)It's
a
privilege,
not
a
right
to
come
to
this
extraordinary
place.
来这种特别的地方是一种荣幸而不是一种权利。
have
the
privilege
of
doing/to
do
sth.
有幸做某事
It's
a
privilege
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
(对某人来说)做某事是一种荣幸。
①Education
should
be
a
universal
right
and
not
a
privilege.
教育应当是全民的权利而非部分人的特权。
②I
hope
to
have
the
privilege
to
work(work)
with
him
again.
我希望有幸能与他再度合作。
③It's
a
privilege
for
me
to
say
a
few
words
on
this
special
occasion.
我很荣幸能在这个特殊的场合说几句话。
(教材P13)While
on
their
journey
buying
and
selling
spices，silks
and
jewels，they
befriend
one
of
the
most
powerful
men
on
Earth，Kubla
Khan.在旅途中他们买卖香料、丝绸和珠宝，并与世界上最有影响力的人物中的一位——忽必烈汗结为朋友。
【要点提炼】 While
on
their
journey是状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式是While
they
are
on
their
journey。如果状语从句的主语是it或与主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词，那么可以将从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。
①If
(it
is)
necessary，you
can
turn
to
your
teacher
for
help.如果有必要你可以向你的老师求助。
②We
should
keep
the
earth
healthy
while
using
(use)
its
supply
of
natural
resources.
当我们利用地球提供的自然资源的时候，我们应该保持地球的健康。
③Don't
come
in
until
asked(ask)
to.不叫你请不要进来。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I'll
be
out
for
some
time.In
case
anything
important
happens，call
me
up
immediately.
2．They
were
walking
along
the
river
when
a
flower
came
into
sight.
3．They
befriended(befriend)
me
when
I
first
arrived
in
London
as
a
student.
4．The
students
can
be
discouraged(discourage)
if
the
exam
is
too
difficult.
5．Tom
will
be
in
charge
during
my
absence(absent)．
6．We
must
adjust
ourselves
to
the
changing
society
unless
we
want
to
be
left
behind．
7．Parking
can
be
tricky(trick)
in
the
town
centre.
8．Many
poets
and
artists
have
drawn
their
inspiration(inspire)
from
nature.
9．You
have
no
right
to
take
risks(risk)
with
other
people's
lives.
10．The
drought
has
severely(severe)
affected
agricultural
production.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．Break
the
glass
and
press
the
button
in
case
emergency.在case后加of
2．He
will
come
to
the
party
if
inviting.inviting→invited
3．The
children
thrilled
with
joy
at
sight
of
the
Christmas
tree.在sight前加the
4．He
felt
discouraging
because
of
the
criticism
he
had
received.discouraging→discouraged
5．It
is
said
that
his
new
novel
will
be
come
out
next
month.去掉be
PAGEModule
1
Deep
South
Section
Ⅱ Language
Points(Ⅰ)(Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The
two
continents
were
connected
by
a
mass(块)
of
land
at
one
time.
2．The
rainfall(降水量)
averages
36
inches
a
year.
3．When
you
left
our
space，you
weren't
in
a
fit
state(状态)．
4．The
manager
failed
to
see
the
commercial(商业的)
value
of
his
discovery.
5．Several
factors
had
combined
to
ruin
his
company.Then
he
fell
into
extreme(极度的)
difficulties.
6．They
discussed
how
to
promote
cooperation
between
the
two
countries.
7．Nobody
knows
what
the
depth
of
the
lake
is.
8．Christopher
Columbus
is
one
of
the
most
famous
explorer
in
history.
9．How
long
can
you
balance
on
one
leg?
10．Christmas
is
an
annual
festival
for
most
of
the
western
countries.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．explore
v．探险；勘探→explorer
n．探险者→exploration
n．探险；勘探
2．deep
adj.深的→depth
n．深度→deepen
v．加深；深化
3．extreme
adj.极端的，极度的→extremely
adv.极端地
4．balance
vt.使平衡→balanced
adj.平衡的
5．promote
vt.促进，增进→promotion
n．晋级，增进
adj.＋?(e)n→v.
v.＋?(t)ion→n.
wide→widen拓宽quick→quicken加快dark→darken变暗
pollute→pollution污染collect→collection收藏operate→operation操作，手术
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．close
to
靠近；接近；几乎
2．on
average
平均
3．adapt
to
(使)适应
4．be
made
up
of
由……组成
5．stand
out
引人注目；突出；显眼
6．set
foot
on
进入，到达；踏上
7．in
particular
尤其
8．in
a(n)．..state
处于……状态
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．When
we
moved
to
France，the
children
adapted
to
the
change
very
quickly.
2．Who
was
the
first
person
to
set
foot
on
the
moon?
3．The
star
received
more
than
100
letters
per
week
on
average．
4．She
loves
outdoor
activities
in
particular，so
she
goes
hiking
every
summer.
5．Yao
Ming
is
very
tall，so
he
stands
out
in
the
crowd.
“由……组成”短语一览
“on＋n.”短语集锦
be
made
up
ofbe
composed
ofconsist
of
on
average
平均on
purpose
故意on
duty
值日，值班
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.With
annual
rainfall
close
to
zero,
Antarctica
is
technically
a
desert.南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。
with复合结构。
因为没有东西长在这片土地上，它最终成了一片沙漠。With
nothing
growing
on
the
land,
it
finally
became
a
desert.
2.Not
until
the
late
18th
century
did
the
British
explorer
James
Cook
cross
the
Antarctic
Circle,
but
he
never
saw
land.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。
not
until置于句首引起的部分倒装。
直到他女儿给他打电话，史密斯先生才相信那个消息是真的。Not
until
his
daughter
called
him
did
Mr.Smith
believe
that
the
news
was
true.
adapt
to
(使)适应
(教材P2)Yet
Antarctica
is
full
of
wildlife，which
has
adapted
to
its
extreme
conditions.
但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。
(1)adapt
v．
(使)适应；改编；改写
adapt
oneself
to
sth.
使某人自己适应某事
adapt
...for
...
把……改编为……
adapt
...from
...
根据……改编/改写……
(2)adaption
n.
适应；改写本
adaptable
adj.
能适应的；可修改的
①She
adapted
herself
quickly
to
the
new
climate.
她很快地适应了这种新气候。
②This
film
was
adapted
(adapt)
from
a
novel
written
by
a
famous
writer.
这部电影是根据一位著名作家写的一部小说改编的。
③The
author
is
going
to
adapt
his
play
for
television.
作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。
[名师点津]
adopt与adapt形似，但adopt意为“采纳，采用；收养”。
trap
vt.储存，留存；使陷入困境；设圈套
n．圈套；陷阱；困境
(教材P2)Gases
and
minerals，in
the
form
of
volcanic
dust
trapped
in
the
ice，can
tell
us
a
lot
about
what
the
world's
climate
was
like
in
past
ages.
这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。
(1)lay/set
a
trap 设圈套
fall
into
a
trap
落入圈套
(2)be
trapped
in
陷入(困境)
(3)trap
sb.into(doing)
sth.
设圈套诱使某人做某事
①She
was
trapped
in
the
burning
house.
她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
②The
two
men
trapped
(trap)
in
the
burning
car
were
in
danger.
被困在着火的车里的那两个人有危险。
③I
was
trapped
into
telling(tell)
the
police
all
I
knew.
我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警察。
mass
n．块，堆，团；大量
adj.大量的，大规模的
(经典例句)Then
it
cooled
and
turned
into
a
solid
mass.
然后，它冷却下来，变成一团固体。
mass
media/production
大众媒体/大规模生产
a
mass
of/masses
of
许多的，大量的
the
masses
群众；大众
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In
addition，most
newspapers
had
little
in
them
that
would
appeal
to
a
mass
audience.
此外，大多数报纸上也几乎没有吸引大众读者的东西。
②Setting
to
work,
I
buried
myself
under
a
mass
of
papers.
我着手工作，埋头于一大堆文件之中。
③Divided
from
the
masses(mass),
you
are
sure
to
fail.
脱离群众，你肯定要失败。
[名师点津]
a
mass
of/masses
of后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，且谓语动词与该名词的单复数保持一致。
④There
were
a
mass
of/masses
of
people
in
the
shop
yesterday.
昨天这个商店里人如潮涌。
balance
vt.使平衡；权衡
n．天平；平衡
(教材P3)But
more
than
two
thousand
years
ago
Greek
geographers
believed
that
there
was
a
large
land
mass
in
the
south
which
balanced
the
land
in
the
north.
但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就相信地球南边会存在一大块陆地来与北边的陆地保持平衡。
(1)keep
nature's
balance
保持自然界的平衡
keep
one's
balance
保持平衡
lose
one's
balance
失去平衡
(2)balance
against...
与……进行权衡
balance
sth.on
sth.
通过某物使某物保持平衡
(3)balanced
adj.
平稳的，安定的，和谐的
keep
a
balanced
diet
保持均衡的饮食
①The
girl
lost
her
balance
and
fell
off
the
balance
beam.小女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔了下来。
②We
should
have
a
healthy
and
balanced(balance)
diet.
我们应该有健康和均衡的饮食。
③You
have
to
balance
the
advantages
of
living
in
a
big
city
against
the
disadvantages.
你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。
set
foot
on进入，到达
(教材P3)Then
in
1895，a
Norwegian
called
Carstens
Borchgrevink
became
the
first
man
to
set
foot
on
the
Antarctic
mainland.
后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。
set
foot
in
进入
on
foot
步行
stand
on
one's
own
feet
自立；独立自主
rise
to
one's
feet
站起身
struggle
to
one's
feet
挣扎着站起来
①From
the
second
I
set
foot
in
the
office
I
knew
I
wanted
to
work
there.
从我迈入办公室的那一刻开始，我就知道自己想在那里工作。
②Though
he
was
badly
wounded，he
struggled
to
his
feet
and
went
on
running.
虽然他伤得很重，但他挣扎着站起来继续往前跑。
③His
parents
wished
him
to
stand
on
his
own
two
feet(foot)．
他父母希望他能够独立。
promote
vt.促进，增进；促销，推销；提升，晋升
(教材P3)In
particular，it
aims
to
keep
Antarctica
free
from
nuclear
tests
and
radioactive
waste；to
promote
international
scientific
projects；and
to
end
arguments
about
who
owns
the
land.
该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。
写出下列句中promote的含义
①He
worked
hard
and
soon
was
promoted.提升，晋升
②Advertising
companies
are
always
having
to
think
up
new
ways
to
promote
products.促销，推销
③As
is
known
to
us
all，milk
promotes
health.促进，增进
(1)promote
sb.to...
提升某人为……
be
promoted
to...
被提升为……
(2)promotion
n.
提升；促进；晋升；促销
get
promotion
晋升
④The
young
army
officer
was
promoted
to
the
rank
of
captain.
这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。
⑤If
you
are
successful,
you
can
expect
promotion(promote)．
如果你成功了，你可以期望得到晋升。
(教材P2)With
annual
rainfall
close
to
zero，Antarctica
is
technically
a
desert.南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。
【要点提炼】 句中With
annual
rainfall
close
to
zero为“with＋宾语＋形容词短语”构成的复合结构，在句中作状语。
with复合结构常见的形式有：
with＋宾语＋
①The
children
were
skating
with
their
faces
red
with
cold.孩子们在滑冰，他们的脸都冻红了。
②With
so
much
work
to
do(do)，we
can't
play
outside
any
longer.
有这么多工作要做，我们不能再在外面玩了。
③The
old
man
fell
asleep
with
his
radio
still
working(work)．
这个老人睡着了，他的收音机还响着。
④With
all
the
problems
solved(solve)，we
felt
very
happy.由于所有的问题都解决了，我们感到很高兴。
But
the
long
Antarctic
winter
night，which
lasts
for
182
days
(the
longest
period
of
continuous
darkness
on
earth)，as
well
as
the
extreme
cold
and
lack
of
rainfall，means
that
few
types
of
plants
can
survive
there.
【分析】 which
lasts
for
182
days(the
longest
period
of
continuous
darkness
on
earth)为非限制性定语从句；主句的主语为the
long
Antarctic
winter
night；主句的谓语动词为means；that
few
types
of
plants
can
survive
there为宾语从句；as
well
as
the
extreme
cold
and
lack
of
rainfall为主句主语的附属成分。
【翻译】 但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在那里生存。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Some
students
have
difficulty
in
adapting
to
the
social
life
after
graduating
from
university.
2．They
were
determined
to
start
a
campaign
to
promote(promote)
awareness
of
environment
issues.
3．Soon
afterwards，he
made
his
first
public
statement(state)
about
the
affair
to
clear
others'
misunderstanding
of
him.
4．According
to
the
history
book，the
Vikings
were
the
first
Europeans
to
reach(reach)
America.
5．There
are
a
lot
of
computers
in
the
lab，and
they
need
professional
maintenance
to
make
sure
they
can
be
in
a
good
state.
6．Trapped(trap)
in
the
burning
building，many
people
could
do
nothing
but
wait.
7．The
scientists
plan
to
return
to
the
same
three
spots
annually(annual)
for
the
next
six
years.
8．A
balanced(balance)
diet
and
regular
exercise
are
both
important
for
your
health.
9．Not
until
the
teacher
came
in
did
the
students
stop
talking.
10．I
found
an
old
man
fell
into
a
pool,
but
quickly
he
struggled
to
his
feet(foot)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．在中国，每年有许多毕业生出国深造。
In
China,
a
mass/masses
of
graduates
go
abroad
to
have
a
further
study
every
year.
2．直到他醒来他才意识到发生了什么。
Not
until
he
woke
up
did
he
realize
what
had
happened.
3．踏上这个岛，他声称他是第一个拥有一个岛屿的人。
Setting
foot
on
the
island，he
claimed
that
he
was
the
first
man
to
own
an
island．
4．他开车太粗心了，导致了严重的事故。
He
drove
his
car
too
carelessly，causing
a
serious
accident．
5．由于考试临近，复习你的课堂笔记是个好主意。
With
exams
approaching，it's
a
good
idea
to
review
your
class
notes.
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