人教版初中英语中考专区二轮专题-------状语从句专题讲练(解析版)

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名称 人教版初中英语中考专区二轮专题-------状语从句专题讲练(解析版)
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更新时间 2020-12-21 17:25:18

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状语从句
知识集结
知识元
原因状语从句
知识讲解
1.原因状语从句
1.
概念:
句子在复合句中作原因状语,叫做原因状语从句.
2.
结构和用法:
1)because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句的后面,because从句位于句首时要用逗号分开,放在句末
时,可不用逗号分开.because表示直接原因,
语气最强,
最适合回答why引导的疑问句.
例如:
I
do
it
because
I
like
it.
我做这件事是因为我喜欢.
You
can
trust
those
products
because
the
quality
never
varies.
你可以信赖那些产品,因为它们的质量从来不变.
注意:
"not
…because"结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句,
例如:
误:The
country
is
not
strong
because
it
is
large.
正:The
country
is
strong
not
just
because
it
is
large.
I
didn't
help
him,not
because
I
was
unwilling,but
because
I
was
unable
to
do
it.
我没有帮助他,不是因为我不愿意,而是因为我力不从心.
2)since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、
显然的理由(通常被翻译成"既然"),
较为正式,
语气比because弱.
例如:
Since
you
are
free
today,
you
had
better
help
me
with
my
mathematics.
既然今天你休息,
你最好帮我补习数学.
Since
you
don't
trust
him,you
should
not
employ
him.
你既然不信任他,你就不该雇用他.
注意:
seeing
(that),
now
(that),
considering
(that),
in
that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近,
都表示"既然".
例如:
Seeing
(that)
he
refused
to
help
us,
there's
no
reason
that
we
should
now
help
him.
他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们,
我们没有理由要来帮助他.
Now
(that)
you
are
grown
up,
you
should
not
rely
on
your
parents.
既然你长大了,
就不应该依靠你的父母了.
Considering
(that)
everybody
is
here,
let's
begin
our
discussion.
既然大家都到了,
我们就开始讨论吧.
In
that
he
is
ill,
he
feels
unable
to
do
it.
因为他生病了,他觉得做不了那件事.
3)as
引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的"双方已知的原因",
语气比since弱,
较为正式,
位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前).
例如:
As
it
is
raining,
you'd
better
take
a
taxi.
既然在下雨,
你最好乘出租汽车.
As
you
are
tired,
you
had
better
rest.
既然累了,
你最好休息一下.
I
went
to
bed
early,
as
I
was
exhausted.
我睡得早,
因为我已筋疲力尽了.
4)for引导的是并列句表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,
只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,
for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开.
例如:
He
could
not
have
seen
me,
for
I
was
not
there.
他不可能见过我,
因为我不在那里.
He
seldom
goes
out
now,for
he
is
very
old.
他难得出门了,因为他年事已高.
5)在"主语(人)+
be
+
形容词
+
that
…"结构中,
that从句作"be
+
形容词"的原因状语.
以下这些that从句,在意思上确实表达了形容词的"原因".根据语义,最好看作原因状语从句,这些形容词往往表示人的"情绪变化",如:glad,
happy,
pleased,
sad,
sorry,
proud,
angry
等.
He
was
pleased
that
at
last
he
was
extricated.
?他很高兴他终于获得了解脱.
I'm
sorry
that
your
husband
lost
his
job.
你丈夫把工作丢了,我很惋惜.
He's
very
glad
that
you've
come
to
see
him.
你来看他,他非常高兴.
They
are
proud
that
she
is
doing
well
at
school.
他们为她出色的学习成绩感到骄傲.
Father
was
angry
that
Tom
had
broken
the
glass.
汤姆把杯子摔破了,父亲很生气.
3.
易混淆点:
1)because不能与so连用
汉语习惯上说"因为…所以…",但英语习惯上却不能将
so与because
连用:
因为下雨,所以我们得呆在家里.
正:Because
it
was
raining,
we
stayed
at
home.
/
It
was
raining,
so
we
stayed
at
home.
误:Because
it
was
raining,
so
we
stayed
at
home.
2)because从句与
because
of短语的转换
Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because
of
短语转换:
He
can't
come
because
he
is
ill.
/
He
can't
come
because
of
his
illness.
他因病不能来.
4.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
高考命题中注意连词的选择问题:
1)He
found
it
increasingly
difficult
to
read,
____
his
eyesight
was
beginning
to
fail.
(2006北京)
A.and
B.
for
C.
but
D.
Or
答案:B,解析:"his
eyesight
was
beginning
to
fail"是"he
found
it
increasingly
difficult
to
read"的原因,
因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句.
2)A
man
cannot
smile
like
a
child,
____
a
child
smiles
with
his
eyes,
while
a
man
smiles
with
his
lips
alone.
(2006湖南)A.
so
B.
but
C.
and
D.
For
答案:
D,解析:下划线处之后的句子补充说明"a
man
cannot
smile
like
a
child"的原因,
应选用for表原因.
?
例题精讲
原因状语从句
例1.
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
根据句意及句间的逻辑关系可知,前后存在因果关系,You
are
wasting
your
time
trying
to
persuade
him为结果,而he'll
never
believe
us则为原因;所以使用连词because来引导;故选C.so多引导结果状语从句,而so
that引导目的和结果状语从句;as
long
as引导条件状语从句.
例2.
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
D。
本题考查连词.although虽然;尽管;even
if即使;unless除非;as因为;根据句意"父母和老师都应该为孩子树立好榜样,因为他们是孩子的榜样",可知,前后为因果关系,所以用as引导原因状语从句;
例3.
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
D。
He
is
so
happy的原因就是his
father
has
promised
to
buy
him
an
MP5player,前后存在因果关系,所以用because引导原因状语从句;
例4.
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
C。
当as引导让步状语从句时,必须使用倒装结构,倒装的成分可以是表语或者是谓语的一部分;本句中sound为联系动词,reasonable为形容词作表语,需要谓语句首引起倒装;
例5.
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
B。
leave
the
cooking
to
my
wife,和she's
a
better
cook
than
me之间存在着因果关系,所以用as来引导原因状语从句;
条件状语从句
知识讲解
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句.非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况,故采用虚拟语气.
例如:
If
he
doesn't
hurry
up,he
will
miss
the
bus.如果他不快点,他将错过巴士.(
真实)
If
he
is
free,he
will
ask
me
to
tell
stories.如果他有空,他会要求我讲故事.(真实)
If
I
were
you,I
would
go
at
once.如果我是你,我马上就会去.(我不可能是你.非真实,虚拟语气,与现在事实相反)
If
there
were
no
air,people
would
die.如果没有空气,人就会死亡.(不可能没有空气.非真实,虚拟语气,与现在事实相反)
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句:
??If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:
??主语+
should/would/might/could+do:
If
I
were
you,I
would
take
an
umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实:我不可能是你)
If
I
knew
his
telephone
number,I
would
tell
you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实:不知道)
If
there
were
no
air
or
water,there
would
be
no
living
things
on
the
earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物.(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
If
I
had
any
money
with
me,I
could
lend
you
some.
如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些.(事实:没有带钱)
If
he
studied
harder,he
might
pass
the
exam.
如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了.(事实:没有努力)
If
I
were
you,
I'd
wear
a
shirt
and
tie.
如果我是你,我就会穿衬衫和领带.(事实:我并不是你)
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:
??If+主语+had+done
主句:
?主语+should/would/might/could+have
done
eg:
If
I
had
got
there
earlier,I
should/would
have
met
her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她.(事实:去晚了)
If
he
had
taken
my
advice,he
would
not
have
made
such
a
mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实:没有听我的话)
3、表示与将来事实相反
从句:①if+主语+were
to
do
②if+主语+should+do
③if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do
eg:
If
he
should
come
here
tomorrow,I
would
talk
to
him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈.(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
If
there
were
a
heavy
snow
next
Sunday,we
would
go
skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰.(事实:下雪可能性很小,不可能)
If
she
were
to
be
here
next
Monday,I
would
tell
her
about
the
matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末.(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
4、
有时,虚拟条件句中,如果主句和从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整.这种条件句叫错综条件句.
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符.
eg:
If
I
had
worked
hard
at
school,I
would
be
an
engineer
now.
如果我当时在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在就是一个工程师了
If
they
had
informed
us,we
would
not
come
here
now.
如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了.
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符.
如:
If
he
were
free
today,we
would
have
sent
him
to
Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话,我们就已经派他去北京了.
If
he
knew
her,he
would
have
greeted
her.
要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了.
5、
当从句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语.eg:
Should
he
agree
to
go
there,we
would
send
him
there.
要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去了.
Were
she
here,she
would
agree
with
us.
如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的.
Had
he
learnt
about
computers,we
would
have
hired
him
to
work
here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了.
【注】
①若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had
等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首.
②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:
Had
I
time,I
would
come.
假若我有时间,我会来的.(=If
I
had
time…)
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but
for…(要不是因为…)等
eg:
But
for
his
help,we
would
be
working
now.
要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢.
Without
your
instruction,I
would
not
have
made
such
great
progress.
要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步.
We
didn't
know
his
telephone
number,otherwise
we
would
have
telephoned
him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话.
7、
有时,虚拟条件语气的从句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情.
①省略从句
He
would
have
finished
it.
他本该完成了.
You
could
have
passed
this
exam.
你本能通过这次考试的.
②省略主句
If
I
were
at
home
now.
要是我现
在在家里该多好啊.
If
only
I
had
got
it.
我要是得到它了该多好啊.
8.注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was.
If
I
were
you,I
would
go
to
look
for
him.
如果我是你,就会去找他.
9.省略条件从句
这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略条件从句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的:
I
might
see
her
personally.
It
would
be
better.
我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些.
(=If
I
saw
her
personally,it
would
be
better.)
情况一
?条件暗含在短语中
如:
We
didn't
know
his
telephone
number;
otherwise
we
would
have
telephoned
him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话.(暗含条件是otherwise)
Without
your
help,we
wouldn't
have
achieved
so
much.
没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得这么大的成绩.(暗含条件是介词短语without
your
help)
But
for
your
help,I
would
not
have
succeeded
in
the
experiment.
如果没有你的帮助,我的实验就不会成功.(暗含条件是but
for
your
help)
It
would
cause
great
trouble
not
to
lubricate
the
bearing
immediately.
不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障.(暗含条件是not
to
lubricate
the
bearing
immediately)
情况二
?条件暗含在上下文中
如:
I
would
not
have
done
it
that
way.我是不会那么做的.(可能暗含if
I
were
you)
I
was
busy
that
day.
Otherwise
I
would
have
come
to
help
you.
我那天很忙.否则我会来帮你的.(可能暗含if
I
hadn't
been
so
busy.)
You
might
come
to
join
us
in
the
discussion.你可以参加我们的讨论.(可能暗含if
you
wanted
to)
I
would
have
bought
the
DVD
player.我是会买下那台影碟机的.(可能暗含if
I
had
the
money)
But
for
the
storm,we
should
have
arrived
earlier.
要不是碰到暴雨,我们还会早些到.(可能暗含if
it
had
not
been
for
the
storm).
误区
1.混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化;
2.省略if时,句子调整不正确;
3.不会去找意思中的"应该"含义;
4.陷在虚拟中出不来,把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句.
?
例题精讲
条件状语从句
例1.
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
考查条件状语从句.
because因为;when当---时候;unless除非;until直到---为止.根据句意,C项正确。
例2.
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
考查定语从句.分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句,先行词learning
center在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where.D项正确。
例3.
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
考查原因状语从句.When当……时候;Where在哪里;Now
that既然;由于,因为;Although虽然;尽管.根据句意,C项正确。
例4.
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
考查条件状语从句.when当……时候;since既然;unless除非;as
soon
as一……就.根据句意,C项正确。
例5.
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查条件状语从句.根据句意可知用it
is
convenient
for
you,而且if条件句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
时间状语从句
知识讲解
时间状语从句
1.
概念:
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句.
2.
结构和用法:
?1)when,while,as显然都可以引导时间状语从句,但用法区别非常大.
(1)when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while和as只能和延续性动词连用.
①Why
do
you
want
a
new
job
when
youve
got
such
a
good
one
already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
②The
students
took
notes
as
they
listened.(listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记.
?(2)when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生.
1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用
when.
①When
he
had
finished
his
homework,he
took
a
short
rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿.
②When
I
got
to
the
airport,the
guests
had
left.(got
to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了.
?(3)从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as都可使用.
①When
/While
/As
we
were
dancing,a
stranger
came
in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来.
②When
/While
/As
she
was
making
a
phonecall,I
was
writing
a
letter.(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信.
?(4)当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用
as.这时,as常表示"随着……";"一边……,一边……"之意.
①As
the
time
went
on,the
weather
got
worse.(as表示"随着……"之意)
②The
atmosphere
gets
thinner
and
thinner
as
the
height
increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄.
③he
sad
mother
sat
on
the
roadside,shouting
as
she
was
crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫.
④The
little
girls
sang
as
they
went.小姑娘们一边走,一边唱.
(5)when用于表示"一……就……"的句型中(指过去的事情).
sb.had
hardly(scarcely)
done
sth.when…=Hardly
/
Scarcely
had
sb.done
sth.when…
①I
had
hardly
/scarcely
closed
my
eyes
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.
=Hardly
/
Scarcely
had
I
closed
my
eyes
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了.
②I
had
hardly
/scarcely
entered
my
room
when
the
telephone
rang.
=Hardly
/Scarcely
had
I
entered
my
room
when
the
telephone
rang.我刚一走进房门,电话就响了.
2)before"在……之前",引导时间状语从句时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前.如:
Close
the
door
before
you
leave
the
room.离开房间前关上门.
3)after"在……之后",引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后.如:
?I
went
to
school
after
I
finished
my
breakfast.吃完早饭后我就去上学了.
4)until,
till"直到",引导时间状语从句.当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,主句要用否定形式,即"not…until/till…"意为"直到……才……".如:
I'll
wait
here
until/till
the
rain
stops.我将在这里等着,直到雨停.
You
can't
go
home
until/till
you
finish
your
work.直到你完成你的工作,你才能回家.
until和till意义相同,肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的.否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事".动词为延续性或非延续性都可以,但until可
?用于句首,而till通常不用于句首.
5)since引导的时间状语从句.
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.但在It
is
+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时.
I
have
been
in
Beijing
since
you
left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了.
Where
have
you
been
since
I
last
saw
you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
It
is
four
years
since
my
sister
lived
in
Beijing.
我妹妹不在北京住有四年了.
It
is
five
months
since
our
boss
was
in
Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了.
6)as
soon
as,
immediately,
directly,
instantly,
the
moment,
the
instant,
the
minute,
等引导的时间状语从句.这些连词都表示"一……就".
I
will
go
there
directly
I
have
finished
my
breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去.
The
moment
I
heard
the
news,
I
hastened
to
the
spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点.
As
soon
as
I
reach
Canada,
I
will
ring
you
up.
我一到加拿大,就给你来电话.
注意:hardly(scarcely,
rarely)…when
/
before,
no
sooner…than相当于as
soon
as之意.主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时.当hardly,
scarcely,
rarely和no
sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序.
He
had
no
sooner
arrived
home
than
he
was
asked
to
start
on
another
journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程.
No
sooner
had
the
sun
shown
itself
above
the
horizon
than
he
got
out
of
bed
to
commence
work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了.
Hardly
had
I
sat
down
when
he
stepped
in.我刚坐下,他就进来了.
He
had
hardly
fallen
asleep
when
he
felt
a
soft
touch
on
his
shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触.
7)由by
the
time引导的时间状语从句.注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时.如:
By
the
time
you
came
back,
I
had
finished
this
book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了.
By
the
time
you
come
here
tomorrow,
I
will
have
finished
this
work.
你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了.
8)由each
time,
every
time和whenever引导的时间状语从句.
Each
time
he
came
to
Harbin,
he
would
call
on
me.
他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我.
Whenever
that
man
says"To
tell
the
truth",
I
suspect
that
he's
about
to
tell
a
lie.每当那个人说"说实在话"的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了.
You
grow
younger
every
time
I
see
you.
每次遇到你,见你更年轻了.
9)由as
long
as和so
long
as引导的时间状语从句.这两个连词表示"有多久……就多久".
You
can
go
where
you
like
as
long
as
you
get
back
before
dark.
你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行.
I
will
fight
against
these
conditions
as
long
as
there
is
a
breath
in
my
body只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况.
3.
易混淆点:
when
??while
??as
当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用
as.这时,as常表示"随着……";"一边……,一边……"之意.
①As
the
time
went
on,the
weather
got
worse.
(as表示"随着……"之意)
②The
sad
mother
sat
on
the
roadside,shouting
as
she
was
crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫.
?4.
?解题方法点拨:
1)时态呼应
一般来讲,复合句都要遵循主、从句时态呼应规律,状语从句也不例外.即主句用现在时,从句也用现在时;主句用过去时,从句也用过去的某种时态.如:
Be
careful
when
you
cross
the
road.
过马路时要小心.
You
must
see
the
doctor
if
you
are
ill.
如果你生病了,你必须去看医生.
主句是一般过去时,从句也要用一般过去时.如:
When
he
was
seven
years
old,
he
could
swim.
当他七岁时就会游泳.
She
turned
off
the
light
before
she
left
the
office.
她离开办公室前就关了灯.
2)主从句的位置
大多数情况下,从句可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后.不过从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开.如:
Please
tell
me
when
he
comes
back.

When
he
comes
back,
please
tell
me.
5.
高考命题方向:
一些连词的用法和固定句型:
1.He
was
about
to
tell
me
the
secret
______
someone
patted
him
on
the
shoulder.
A.
as
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????B.
until
C.
when
??????????????????????????????????????????????????D.
while
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选.
【分析】最佳答案选
C.when
意为"这时(突然)",主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时.此时的
when
可以连用副词
suddenly,也可以不连用它,但值得注意的是,同学们不能单独用
suddenly
来代替
when,
2.
The
fire
went
on
for
quite
some
time
_______
it
was
brought
under
control.
A.
when
??????????????????????????????????????????????????B.
since
C.
after
???????????????????????????????????????????????????D.
before
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选.
【分析】最佳答案选
D.before
意为"在……之前",句意是"大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间".
3.
"When
did
he
leave
the
classroom?"
"He
left
_______
you
turned
back
to
write
on
the
blackboard."
A.
the
time
??????????????????????????????????????????????B.
the
moment
C.
until
???????????????????????????????????????????????????D.
since
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选.
【分析】最佳答案选
B.the
moment
用作连词,意为"一……就……",相当于
as
soon
as.类似地,the
minute,
the
instant
也可用作连词,表示"一……就……"的意思.
?
例题精讲
时间状语从句
例1.
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
考查时间状语从句.before在……之前;when当……时候;that不引导时间状语从句;Until直到
…时候才
…根据句意,B项正确。
例2.
【答案】A
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查连词辨析.根据句意可知这里表示转折关系,when"尽管,虽然",while表示"尽管"的时候需要放在句首,if如果;as正如,因为。
例3.
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查连词辨析.every/each
time是连词短语"每次",后面接从句,不需要that,when,也不需要介词。
例4.
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查连词辨析.根据句意和句型It
will
be+一段时间+before+从句,这里对一段时间提问,用how
long。
例5.
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查连词辨析.for因为;since自从;from来自;about关于.根据句意和结构可知用since引导时间状语从句。
地点状语从句
知识讲解
地点状语从句
1.
概念:
地点状语从句表示地点、
方位.
2.
结构:
这类从句通常由where(﹣﹣的地方)和wherever(无论什么样的地方)引导.
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
有志者,
事竟成.
They
will
go
wherever
they
are
happy.
他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去.
3.
用法:
1)where(﹣﹣的地方)
He
lives
where
there
are
a
lot
of
sheep.他住在一个有好多羊的地方.
I
should
put
the
book
where
I
can
see
it.我应该把书放到我能看到的地方.
Make
a
mark
where
you
have
any
question.在你有问题的地方做一个记号.
I
found
my
wallet
where
I
fell
down
yesterday.
我在昨天摔倒的地方找到了钱包
Where
there
is
a
river,
there
is
a
city.
有河流的地方就有城市.
2)wherever(无论什么样的地方)
Wherever
you
go,
I
will
follow
you.无论你去哪,我都跟着你.
?But
wherever
I
go,
there
you
are.
My
luck,
my
fate,
my
fortune.
Chanel
NO.5,
Inevitable.
但是无论我去哪,都有你,我的幸运,我的命运,我的未来,香奈儿5号,无可取代.(香奈儿五号的一个广告语)
In
peace,
too,
the
Red
Cross
is
expected
to
send
help
wherever?there
is
human
suffering.
(2006江西)
4.
易混淆点:
地点状语从句与定语从句的区别

在于分句在句中作什么成分.作状语,则是状语从句;作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句
where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词.
如:
Go
back
where
you
came
from.(where引导地点状语从句)
你从何处来到何处去.
Go
back
to
the
village
where
you
came.(where引导定语从句,修饰village)
回到你来的那个村子里去.
判断:
①We
went
home,
where
we
had
dinner.此句是where引导的"非限制性"定语从句,这里"where"=
at
home(先行词是home)从句还原"
we
had
dinner
at
home"全句译:我们回到家,在家里吃了顿饭.
②I
walk
into
the
canteen
where
students
are
eating此句也是where
引导的定语从句,与上句不同之处在于此句是一个"限制性"定语从句.全句译:我走进了这个同学们都在吃饭的食堂.(限定说明了是一个什么样的食堂)
③地点状语从句与定语从句其本身属性就不同:地点状语从句相当于大的副词;定语从句相当于大的形容词,副词是用来修饰动词的,
例:
you
can
go
where
you
want
to
go

你可以去你想去的地方.
5.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
地点状语从句的用法
  例如:
[考题1]

Mom,
what
did
the
doctor
say?
  ﹣
He
advised
me
to
live
____
the
air
is
fresher.
(2006四川)
A.
in
where
B.
in
which
C.
the
place
where
D.
where
[答案]
D
[解析]
where引导修饰谓语live的地点状语从句.
[考题2]
In
peace,
too,
the
Red
Cross
is
expected
to
send
help
____
there
is
human
suffering.
(2006江西)
A.
whoever
B.
however
C.
whatever
D.
wherever
[答案]
D
[解析]
where引导修饰谓语send的地点状语从句.
?
例题精讲
地点状语从句
例1.
【答案】A
【解析】
题干解析:
A
根据句式可知,happen是不及物动词,所以其后的句子应该是状语从句,再
结合句意可知,where引导一个地点状语从句,意思是在…地方,
例2.
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
D。
分析句子的结构可知,本句考查where引导的地点状语从句,实际上也是一个常用句型where
there
is…,there
is…有…的地方,就有….
例3.
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
C。
从语境可知此处是表示抽象的地点状语从句,指"在哪方面",所以用where来引导一个地点状语从句;
例4.
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:

例5.
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
B。
分析句子的意思可知,本句强调的是酒店建设的地点,所以用where来引导一个地点状语从句;故选B.which指代范围,in
which多用来引导定语从句,what指的是内容,用在本句中多余,不能做任何成分,不符合它的用法特征.
结果状语从句
知识讲解
结果状语从句
1.
概念:
结果状语从句的从句是用来补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,一般位于主句之后.
常用来连接结果状语从句的连接词有:so
that、so…that…、such…that…等.
2.
结构和用法:
1)so…that…表示"如此…,以至于…",so后面接形容词或副词.
(1)so+形容词+that
He
was
so
ill
that
two
nurses
attended
on
him.
(他病得那样重,有两个护士照顾他.

The
room
was
so
hot
that
she
felt
dizzy.
(房间里如此之热,以至于她觉得头晕目眩.)
(2)so+副词+that
He
spoke
so
clearly
that
I
could
hear
every
word.
(他讲得非常清楚,每个字我都听得见.)
They
sat
so
close
that
their
heads
nearly
touched.
(他们坐得那么近,头都差不多碰到一起了.)
2)such…that…
表示"如此…,以至于…",与so…that…不同的是,such…that…中的such后接的是名词.其常见的结构用法有:
(1)such+不定冠词+形容词+单数可数名词+that
He's
such
a
good
swimmer
that
he
makes
me
look
sick.
(他游得这么好,真叫我相形见绌.)
Her
husband
is
such
a
bear
that
nobody
likes
him.
(她丈夫很粗暴,没人喜欢他.)
此时,such…that…可以用so…that…来替换,其结构为:so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that.如以上第一句话就可以改为:
He's
so
good
a
swimmer
that
he
makes
me
look
sick.
但是,如果该名词没有被形容词修饰,则不可以改为so…that…如上面的第二句就不可以改.以下第2和第3种情况也不能改为so…that…的用法.
(2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+that
He
told
us
such
funny
stories
that
we
all
laughed.
(他对我们讲了那么些有趣的故事,我们全都哈哈大笑.)
(3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that
It
is
such
terrible
weather
that
it
is
absurd
to
go
out.
(在这么恶劣的天气里出去太荒唐.)
so
many/much/few/little…that…
3)so与表示数量的代词many、
few、much、little等连用是常见固定搭配,
不能换用such的对应结构.
(1)so+many/few(+复数名词)+that
many/few有时作定语,后接复数名词,但有时直接用作表语,后面不再接其他成分.如:
They
asked
so
many
questions
that
they
confused
me.
(他们问了许许多多问题,把我弄糊涂了.)
The
butterflies
are
so
many
that
they
often
cover
entire
trees

(蝴蝶数量多的时候,它们经常会遍布整片树林.)
He
has
so
few
friends
that
his
life
is
lonely.
(他的朋友很少,因此他的生活非常孤单.)
The
members
are
so
few
that
we
can't
start
the
project.
(成员太少,因此我们无法启动该计划.)
(2)so+much/little(+不可数名词)+that
与many/few一样,much/little有时作定语,后接不可数名词,但有时直接用作表语,后面不再接其他成分.如:
She
wore
so
much
jewellery
that
she
seemed
to
be
covered
in
gold.
(她戴了那么多首饰,看上去象是包在金子里似的.)
He
talk
so
much
that
no
one
else
can
get
a
word
in
edgeways.
(他讲得滔滔不绝,别人都无法插嘴.)
There
is
so
little
time
left
that
I
don't
think
I
can
finish
it
as
scheduled.
(剩下这么少的时间,我想我不能按时完成.)
The
box
costs
so
little
that
I
can
afford
it.
(这个箱子很便宜,我买得起.)
3.
易混淆点:
1)so
that既可以引导目的状语从句(表示"为了,以便"),
也可以引导结果状语从句(表示"因此,以至于").
当连接目的状语从句时,一般that从句中会含有情态动词,而当引导结果状语从句时,大多不用情态动词.如:
目的状语从句:I
always
get
up
early
so
that
I
can
catch
the
first
bus.
(我总是早起,以便能够赶上首班车.)
结果状语从句:I
got
up
early,
so
that
I
caught
the
first
bus.
(我早早就起床了,结果赶上了首班车.)
2)从句与不定式结构的转换
如果结果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,
可用"so+(形容词或副词)as
to
do"取代该结果状语从句.如:
The
weather
was
so
bad
that
it
made
it
hard
to
take
a
good
photo.
(天气恶劣,
以致难以拍出来好照片.)
上面句子中的主句和从句的主语都是the
weather,所以可以改为:
The
weather
was
bad,
so
as
to
make
it
hard
to
take
a
good
photo.
3)结果状语从句的倒装
为了强调形容词或副词,so/such…that…引导的结果状语从句,可把so/such部分置于句首,采用倒装结构.如:
So
tired
was
I
that
I
lost
myself
during
marching.
(我太累了,甚至在行进中睡着了.)
Such
a
good
student
is
he
that
we
all
like
him.
(他是个这么好的学生,所以我们都喜欢他.)
4.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
[考题1]
Pop
music
is
such
an
important
part
of
society
____
it
has
even
influence
our
language.
(2007上海)
A.
as
???B.
That
???C.
which
???D.
where
[答案]
B
[解析]
下划线处之后表示结果,
应选用与前面的such连用引导结果状语从句的that.
[考题2]
We
were
in
____
when
we
left
that
we
forgot
the
airline
tickets.
(2003上海)
A.
a
rush
so
anxious
??????B.
a
such
anxious
rush
C.
so
an
anxious
rush
?????D.
such
an
anxious
rush
[答案]
D
[解析]
表示"如此匆忙"可以用"in
so
anxious
a
rush"或者"in
such
an
anxious
rush".
?
例题精讲
让步状语从句
知识讲解
让步状语从句
1.
概念
让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种,其本身也是状语从句.一般翻译为"尽管……"或"即使……".
2.
结构和用法:
1)although
/while/though/
as
均可词示"尽管;虽然",引导让步状语从句.although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句.它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:
?(1)状语从句由although,
though,while
或as引导,主句之前不可有but,
and,
so,
however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词.While
,although与though常可互换.例如:?
Although/Though/while
he
believes
it,
yet
he
will
not
act.
他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动.
?(2)as表示"尽管;虽然",只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前.though也可这么用.例如:?
Young
as/though
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.
他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多.
注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a.例如:
Child
as/though
he
is,
he
can
speak
two
foreign
languages.
虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语.
(3)though还可以作副词,放在句末,表示"但是",although却不能.例如:?
They
said
they
would
come;
they
did
not,
though.
他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来.
2)even
if,
even
though
表示"即使……","纵使……"之意,含有一种假设.
We'll
make
a
trip
even
if/though
the
weather
is
bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行.
3)whether…or…表示"不论是否……","不管是……还是……"之意.
  由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果.
?You'll
have
to
attend
the
ceremony
whether
you're
free
or
busy.
不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个

礼.
Whether
you
believe
it
or
not,
it's
true.无论你是否相信,这都是真的.
5)"no
matter+疑问词"或"疑问词﹣ever"的含义为"……都……;不管……都……"它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换.
?No
matter
what
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
=Whatever
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的.
No
matter
who
you
are,
you
must
keep
the
law.=Whoever
you
are,
you
must
keep
the
law.
不管你是谁,你都要遵纪守法.
3.
易混淆点:
1)no
matter
what(who,which,when,etc.)与whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc.)的区别:
  当引导让步状语从句时,两者相同,可以互换,但当引导名词性从句(主语从句,宾语
从句,表语从句和同位语从句)时则只能用whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc). 下面句子不能用no
matter结构(no
matter不能引导名词性从句):
Whoever
comes
back
first
is
supposed
to
win
the
prize.(主语从句)
I
am
ready
to
do
whatever
you
want
me
to.(宾语从句)
2)用though/although,
as
引导让步状语从句时,句中不能用but表示转折语气.
不能说:Though
he
looks
weak,
but
he
is
healthy.
而要说:Though
he
looks
weak,
he
is
healthy.
4.
解题方法点拨:
学习让步状语从句的关键是关联词的选用;其次,要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序.
5.
高考命题方向:
关联词的选择和as是常考点:
[考题1]
We
had
to
wait
half
an
hour
____
we
had
already
booked
a
table.
(2007辽宁)
A.
since
B.
although
C.
until
D.
before
[答案]
B
[解析]
下划线处之后所述的"我们已经预订了一桌"与前面所述的"我们已经不得不等了半个小时"之间语意相反,
四个选项中although表示"即便……",
引导让步状语从句最为合适.
[考题2]
Although
he
is
considered
a
great
writer,
____.
A.
his
works
are
not
widely
read
B.
but
his
works
are
not
widely
read
C.
however
his
works
are
not
widely
read
D.
still
his
works
are
not
widely
read
[答案]
A
[解析]
英语不允许在连词although、
though引导的让步状语从句之后的主句句首重复使用连词,
如果要在复合句中强调某种特别的意义,
可以在主句的句首加上yet、
still等副词.例如:
Although
she
has
a
lot
of
money,
(yet/still)
she
is
not
happy.
虽然她很有钱,
但是她并不快乐.
  本题题干中没有通过特定的语境暗示需要对主句进行特别强调,
因此只需用although引导让步状语从句即可,
不必在主句的句首加副词(更不能在主句的句首加连词).注意:
本题中的works指"作品、
著作",
例如表达"莎士比亚的作品"可以用"the
works
of
Shakespeare".
[考题3]
____,
he
talks
a
lot
about
his
favorite
singers
after
class.
(2005重庆)
A.
A
quiet
student
as
he
may
be
B.
Quiet
student
as
he
may
be
C.
Be
a
quiet
student
as
he
may
D.
Quiet
as
he
may
be
a
student
[答案]
B
[解析]
as引导让步状语从句应该倒装,
本题中需要放在as之前的部分应该是整个表语部分并且要省略student前的不定冠词(若要保留该不定冠词,
则应将其置于quiet与student之间).
?
例题精讲
目的状语从句
知识讲解
目的状语从句
1.
概念:
目的状语从句是指从句部分用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有
that,in
order
that(为了),
so
that(因而),
in
case(以防万一),
for
fear(以防万一),lest(唯恐)等.
2.
结构和用法:
1)目的状语从句通常用in
order
that和so
that来引导,此时的从句中往往含有情态动词.例如:
It's
best
to
be
as
short,clear
and
factual
as
possible,in
order
that
there
may
be
no
misunderstanding.为了避免出现误解,最好尽可能的简短、清晰和实事求是.
She
said
she
wanted
tea
ready
at
six
so
that
she
could
be
out
by
eight.
她说为了八点钟出门,她想让茶点在六点钟准备好.
注:so
that也可引导结果状语从句,此时后面的从句不存在情态动词;另外,分开写时的
so…that…也表示…结果.
例如:
He
is
so
selfish
that
his
teachers
and
classmates
dislike
him
intensely.
他很自私,老师和同学都极不喜欢他.
注:目的状语还可以用不定式短语,如in
order
to
do或so
as
to
do来引导(仅是不定式短语,非从句形式).
例如:
They
had
to
take
some
of
his
land
in
order
to
extend
the
churchyard.
为了扩大教堂墓地,他们必须占用他的一些土地.
They
were
shoving
each
other
out
of
the
way
so
as
to
get
to
the
front.
为了挤到前面,他们彼此不断相互推搡.
They
have
tried
to
limit
such
imports
in
order
to
protect
their
members
jobs.
为了保护他们成员的工作,他们一直努力限制这些物品的进口.
注:表示否定的目的状语时,以用in
order
not
to
do或so
as
not
to
do.
例如:
Rose
trod
with
care
in
order
not
to
spread
the
dirt.
为了不把泥土弄得到处都是,Rose走路时小心翼翼.
We
keep
the
window
shut
in
order
nof
to
let
the
flies
in.
为了不让苍蝇飞进来,我们一直关着窗户.
2)in
case
that、for
fear
that和lest都表示以防之意,表示一种否定性的目的.
例如:
The
foreign
teacher
spoke
slowly
in
case
(that)we
misunderstood
him.
这位外籍教师讲话很慢,以防我们误解他的意思.
Sam
had
consented
to
take
an
overcoat
in
case
(that)the
wind
rose.
由于担心起风,Sam同意带一件外套.
The
parents
crept
down
the
stairs
for
fear
that
they
should
awaken
the
sleeping
baby.
这对父母蹑手蹑脚地下了楼,以防惊醒睡觉的孩子.
He
jotted
down
his
client's
address
lest
he
should
forget
it.
他快速记下了客户的地址,以防遗忘.
3.
易混淆点:
1)so
that既可以引导目的状语从句(表示"为了,以便"),
也可以引导结果状语从句(表示"因此,以至于").
当连接目的状语从句时,一般that从句中会含有情态动词,而当引导结果状语从句时,大多不用情态动词.如:
目的状语从句:I
always
get
up
early
so
that
I
can
catch
the
first
bus.
(我总是早起,以便能够赶上首班车.)
结果状语从句:I
got
up
early,
so
that
I
caught
the
first
bus.
(我早早就起床了,结果赶上了首班车.)
2)in
case既可引导目的状语从句,也可引导条件状语从句,主要视句意而定:
In
case
he
comes,
let
me
know.
如果他来,告诉我一声.
Tell
me
in
case
you
get
into
difficulty.
遇到困难请告诉我.
【注】in
case引导目的状语从句,从句有时可用"should+动词原形"这样的形式:
Take
your
coat
in
case
it
rains
(should
rain).
带着雨衣以防下雨.
4.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
[考题1]
I'd
like
to
arrive
20
minutes
early
____
I
can
have
time
for
a
cup
of
tea.
(2005北京)
A.
as
soon
as
B.
as
a
result
C.
in
case
D.
so
that
[答案]
D
[解析]
so
that表示希望实现的目的.
[考题2]
Roses
need
special
care
____
they
can
live
through
winter.
(2004)
A.
because
B.
so
that
C.
even
if
D.
as
[答案]
B
[解析]
so
that表示希望实现的目的.
[考题3]
Leave
your
key
with
a
neighbor
____
you
lock
yourself
out
one
day.
(2007北京)
A.
ever
since
B.
even
if
C.
soon
after
D.
in
case
[答案]
D
[解析]
"you
lock
yourself
out
one
day"是应该避免出现的结果,
下划线处应选用in
case,
引导目的状语从句,
表示"以免……".
[考题4]
I
shall
stay
in
the
hotel
all
day
____
there
is
news
of
the
missing
child.(2000上海春)
A.in
case
B.no
matter
C.in
any
case
D.ever
since
[答案]
A
[解析]
题干意为:
我将整天在旅店里呆着,
以防有丢失孩子的消息.本题应选in
case引导目的状语从句表示"以防……".
?
例题精讲
当堂练习
单选题
练习1.
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查让步状语从句.however引导让步状语从句,however+形容词+主语+谓语。
练习2.
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
B.考查连词.根据题干句意可知,后半句表示目的,因此B项正确.as
if
好像;so
that
以便,为的是;even
if
即使;
in
case以防万一;
练习3.
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查连词辨析.even
if即使;if
only但愿;in
case以防;so
that为了.根据句意和上下文可知这里是目的状语。
练习4.
【答案】A
【解析】
题干解析:
B项"倘若";C项"惟恐";D项"只要";A项"so
that"意为"以便于;以致于";根据句子的逻辑关系"请把你的电话号码留下来,以便有紧急情况的时候我们可以联系你."可知,此处是由"so
that"引导的目的状语从句,因此A项符合语境,
练习5.
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查目的状语从句.in
order
that为了,后面接从句,表示目的,in
order
to和so
as
to后面接动词原形,as
long
as只要。
练习6.
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
根据前面两句话的语义关系可知,两者之间存在着一种目的关系,即早些着手工作是为了能够在开会前把报告完成,应该是目的状语从句.such和that一般不直接连在一起使用,only
if表示"只要";now
that表示"因为,既然";均不符合句意。
练习7.
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
考查目的状语从句.as
if好像;so
that以至于;while当……时候;although虽然,尽管.根据句意,B项正确。
练习8.
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
B.because引导原因状语从句,so
that引导目的状语从句,even
if引导让步状语从句,as引导方式状语从句或原因状语从句,根据句意,玫瑰需要照顾,目的是为了能够过冬,此处的so
that可以换为in
order
that,引导目的状语从句.所以本题选择B。
练习9.
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
B。
分析句子内容可知,不工作的目的在于在家照顾孩子,所以后面为一目的状语从句,应该用so
that来引导;so
that引导目的状语从句时,从句中一般含有情态动词can,could,may,might等;even
if引导让步状语从句;unless引导条件状语从句;while也可引导条件状语从句;
练习10.
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
C考查目的状语从句,根据句意,是为了…to
do可做目的状语。状语从句
知识集结
知识元
原因状语从句
知识讲解
1.原因状语从句
1.
概念:
句子在复合句中作原因状语,叫做原因状语从句.
2.
结构和用法:
1)because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句的后面,because从句位于句首时要用逗号分开,放在句末
时,可不用逗号分开.because表示直接原因,
语气最强,
最适合回答why引导的疑问句.
例如:
I
do
it
because
I
like
it.
我做这件事是因为我喜欢.
You
can
trust
those
products
because
the
quality
never
varies.
你可以信赖那些产品,因为它们的质量从来不变.
注意:
"not
…because"结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句,
例如:
误:The
country
is
not
strong
because
it
is
large.
正:The
country
is
strong
not
just
because
it
is
large.
I
didn't
help
him,not
because
I
was
unwilling,but
because
I
was
unable
to
do
it.
我没有帮助他,不是因为我不愿意,而是因为我力不从心.
2)since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、
显然的理由(通常被翻译成"既然"),
较为正式,
语气比because弱.
例如:
Since
you
are
free
today,
you
had
better
help
me
with
my
mathematics.
既然今天你休息,
你最好帮我补习数学.
Since
you
don't
trust
him,you
should
not
employ
him.
你既然不信任他,你就不该雇用他.
注意:
seeing
(that),
now
(that),
considering
(that),
in
that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近,
都表示"既然".
例如:
Seeing
(that)
he
refused
to
help
us,
there's
no
reason
that
we
should
now
help
him.
他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们,
我们没有理由要来帮助他.
Now
(that)
you
are
grown
up,
you
should
not
rely
on
your
parents.
既然你长大了,
就不应该依靠你的父母了.
Considering
(that)
everybody
is
here,
let's
begin
our
discussion.
既然大家都到了,
我们就开始讨论吧.
In
that
he
is
ill,
he
feels
unable
to
do
it.
因为他生病了,他觉得做不了那件事.
3)as
引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的"双方已知的原因",
语气比since弱,
较为正式,
位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前).
例如:
As
it
is
raining,
you'd
better
take
a
taxi.
既然在下雨,
你最好乘出租汽车.
As
you
are
tired,
you
had
better
rest.
既然累了,
你最好休息一下.
I
went
to
bed
early,
as
I
was
exhausted.
我睡得早,
因为我已筋疲力尽了.
4)for引导的是并列句表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,
只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,
for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开.
例如:
He
could
not
have
seen
me,
for
I
was
not
there.
他不可能见过我,
因为我不在那里.
He
seldom
goes
out
now,for
he
is
very
old.
他难得出门了,因为他年事已高.
5)在"主语(人)+
be
+
形容词
+
that
…"结构中,
that从句作"be
+
形容词"的原因状语.
以下这些that从句,在意思上确实表达了形容词的"原因".根据语义,最好看作原因状语从句,这些形容词往往表示人的"情绪变化",如:glad,
happy,
pleased,
sad,
sorry,
proud,
angry
等.
He
was
pleased
that
at
last
he
was
extricated.
?他很高兴他终于获得了解脱.
I'm
sorry
that
your
husband
lost
his
job.
你丈夫把工作丢了,我很惋惜.
He's
very
glad
that
you've
come
to
see
him.
你来看他,他非常高兴.
They
are
proud
that
she
is
doing
well
at
school.
他们为她出色的学习成绩感到骄傲.
Father
was
angry
that
Tom
had
broken
the
glass.
汤姆把杯子摔破了,父亲很生气.
3.
易混淆点:
1)because不能与so连用
汉语习惯上说"因为…所以…",但英语习惯上却不能将
so与because
连用:
因为下雨,所以我们得呆在家里.
正:Because
it
was
raining,
we
stayed
at
home.
/
It
was
raining,
so
we
stayed
at
home.
误:Because
it
was
raining,
so
we
stayed
at
home.
2)because从句与
because
of短语的转换
Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because
of
短语转换:
He
can't
come
because
he
is
ill.
/
He
can't
come
because
of
his
illness.
他因病不能来.
4.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
高考命题中注意连词的选择问题:
1)He
found
it
increasingly
difficult
to
read,
____
his
eyesight
was
beginning
to
fail.
(2006北京)
A.and
B.
for
C.
but
D.
Or
答案:B,解析:"his
eyesight
was
beginning
to
fail"是"he
found
it
increasingly
difficult
to
read"的原因,
因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句.
2)A
man
cannot
smile
like
a
child,
____
a
child
smiles
with
his
eyes,
while
a
man
smiles
with
his
lips
alone.
(2006湖南)A.
so
B.
but
C.
and
D.
For
答案:
D,解析:下划线处之后的句子补充说明"a
man
cannot
smile
like
a
child"的原因,
应选用for表原因.
?
例题精讲
原因状语从句
例1.
You
are
wasting
your
time
trying
to
persuade
him_____he'll
never
believe
us.(  )
A.so
B.so
that
C.because
D.as
long
as
例2.
In
my
opinion,parents
and
teachers
are
supposed
to
set
an
example
of
good
behavior
to
children
_____
they
are
role
models
to
them.(  )
A.although
B.even
if
C.unless
D.as
例3.
He
is
so
happy
_________
his
father
has
promised
to
buy
him
an
MP5player(  )
A.that
B.while
C.which
D.because
例4.
______,the
mayor's
health
care
reform
hasn't
been
accepted
by
all
the
people
in
the
city
yet.(  )
A.As
reasonable
it
may
sound
B.As
it
may
sound
reasonable
C.Reasonable
as
it
may
sound
D.Reasonable
as
may
it
sound
例5.
I
usually
do
the
washing
up
and
leave
the
cooking
to
my
wife,____she's
a
better
cook
than
me.(  )
A.unless
B.as
C.even
though
D.in
case
条件状语从句
知识讲解
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句.非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况,故采用虚拟语气.
例如:
If
he
doesn't
hurry
up,he
will
miss
the
bus.如果他不快点,他将错过巴士.(
真实)
If
he
is
free,he
will
ask
me
to
tell
stories.如果他有空,他会要求我讲故事.(真实)
If
I
were
you,I
would
go
at
once.如果我是你,我马上就会去.(我不可能是你.非真实,虚拟语气,与现在事实相反)
If
there
were
no
air,people
would
die.如果没有空气,人就会死亡.(不可能没有空气.非真实,虚拟语气,与现在事实相反)
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句:
??If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:
??主语+
should/would/might/could+do:
If
I
were
you,I
would
take
an
umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实:我不可能是你)
If
I
knew
his
telephone
number,I
would
tell
you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实:不知道)
If
there
were
no
air
or
water,there
would
be
no
living
things
on
the
earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物.(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
If
I
had
any
money
with
me,I
could
lend
you
some.
如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些.(事实:没有带钱)
If
he
studied
harder,he
might
pass
the
exam.
如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了.(事实:没有努力)
If
I
were
you,
I'd
wear
a
shirt
and
tie.
如果我是你,我就会穿衬衫和领带.(事实:我并不是你)
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:
??If+主语+had+done
主句:
?主语+should/would/might/could+have
done
eg:
If
I
had
got
there
earlier,I
should/would
have
met
her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她.(事实:去晚了)
If
he
had
taken
my
advice,he
would
not
have
made
such
a
mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实:没有听我的话)
3、表示与将来事实相反
从句:①if+主语+were
to
do
②if+主语+should+do
③if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do
eg:
If
he
should
come
here
tomorrow,I
would
talk
to
him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈.(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
If
there
were
a
heavy
snow
next
Sunday,we
would
go
skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰.(事实:下雪可能性很小,不可能)
If
she
were
to
be
here
next
Monday,I
would
tell
her
about
the
matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末.(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
4、
有时,虚拟条件句中,如果主句和从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整.这种条件句叫错综条件句.
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符.
eg:
If
I
had
worked
hard
at
school,I
would
be
an
engineer
now.
如果我当时在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在就是一个工程师了
If
they
had
informed
us,we
would
not
come
here
now.
如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了.
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符.
如:
If
he
were
free
today,we
would
have
sent
him
to
Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话,我们就已经派他去北京了.
If
he
knew
her,he
would
have
greeted
her.
要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了.
5、
当从句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语.eg:
Should
he
agree
to
go
there,we
would
send
him
there.
要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去了.
Were
she
here,she
would
agree
with
us.
如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的.
Had
he
learnt
about
computers,we
would
have
hired
him
to
work
here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了.
【注】
①若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had
等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首.
②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:
Had
I
time,I
would
come.
假若我有时间,我会来的.(=If
I
had
time…)
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but
for…(要不是因为…)等
eg:
But
for
his
help,we
would
be
working
now.
要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢.
Without
your
instruction,I
would
not
have
made
such
great
progress.
要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步.
We
didn't
know
his
telephone
number,otherwise
we
would
have
telephoned
him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话.
7、
有时,虚拟条件语气的从句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情.
①省略从句
He
would
have
finished
it.
他本该完成了.
You
could
have
passed
this
exam.
你本能通过这次考试的.
②省略主句
If
I
were
at
home
now.
要是我现
在在家里该多好啊.
If
only
I
had
got
it.
我要是得到它了该多好啊.
8.注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was.
If
I
were
you,I
would
go
to
look
for
him.
如果我是你,就会去找他.
9.省略条件从句
这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略条件从句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的:
I
might
see
her
personally.
It
would
be
better.
我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些.
(=If
I
saw
her
personally,it
would
be
better.)
情况一
?条件暗含在短语中
如:
We
didn't
know
his
telephone
number;
otherwise
we
would
have
telephoned
him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话.(暗含条件是otherwise)
Without
your
help,we
wouldn't
have
achieved
so
much.
没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得这么大的成绩.(暗含条件是介词短语without
your
help)
But
for
your
help,I
would
not
have
succeeded
in
the
experiment.
如果没有你的帮助,我的实验就不会成功.(暗含条件是but
for
your
help)
It
would
cause
great
trouble
not
to
lubricate
the
bearing
immediately.
不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障.(暗含条件是not
to
lubricate
the
bearing
immediately)
情况二
?条件暗含在上下文中
如:
I
would
not
have
done
it
that
way.我是不会那么做的.(可能暗含if
I
were
you)
I
was
busy
that
day.
Otherwise
I
would
have
come
to
help
you.
我那天很忙.否则我会来帮你的.(可能暗含if
I
hadn't
been
so
busy.)
You
might
come
to
join
us
in
the
discussion.你可以参加我们的讨论.(可能暗含if
you
wanted
to)
I
would
have
bought
the
DVD
player.我是会买下那台影碟机的.(可能暗含if
I
had
the
money)
But
for
the
storm,we
should
have
arrived
earlier.
要不是碰到暴雨,我们还会早些到.(可能暗含if
it
had
not
been
for
the
storm).
误区
1.混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化;
2.省略if时,句子调整不正确;
3.不会去找意思中的"应该"含义;
4.陷在虚拟中出不来,把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句.
?
例题精讲
条件状语从句
例1.
Going
camping
in
the
desert
will
not
be
enjoyable
_____you
have
prepared
well.(  )
A.because
B.when
C.unless
D.until
例2.
We
have
a
learning
center________
kids
do
self-learning
activities.(  )
A.which
B.when
C.whose
D.where
例3.
___________
you
have
known
the
truth,
it
isn't
necessary
for
me
to
hide
it.(  )
A.When
B.Where
C.Now
that
D.Although
例4.
-
Shall
Mary
come
to
the
party
and
dance
with
us?
-
No,
_______
she
has
finished
her
homework.(  )
A.when
B.since
C.unless
D.as
soon
as
例5.
If
________,
we
can
met
at
half
past
seven
tomorrow
evening
to
discuss
the
matter.(  )
A.you
are
convenient
B.you
will
be
convenient
C.it
is
convenient
for
you
D.it
will
be
convenient
for
you
时间状语从句
知识讲解
时间状语从句
1.
概念:
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句.
2.
结构和用法:
?1)when,while,as显然都可以引导时间状语从句,但用法区别非常大.
(1)when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while和as只能和延续性动词连用.
①Why
do
you
want
a
new
job
when
youve
got
such
a
good
one
already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
②The
students
took
notes
as
they
listened.(listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记.
?(2)when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生.
1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用
when.
①When
he
had
finished
his
homework,he
took
a
short
rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿.
②When
I
got
to
the
airport,the
guests
had
left.(got
to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了.
?(3)从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as都可使用.
①When
/While
/As
we
were
dancing,a
stranger
came
in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来.
②When
/While
/As
she
was
making
a
phonecall,I
was
writing
a
letter.(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信.
?(4)当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用
as.这时,as常表示"随着……";"一边……,一边……"之意.
①As
the
time
went
on,the
weather
got
worse.(as表示"随着……"之意)
②The
atmosphere
gets
thinner
and
thinner
as
the
height
increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄.
③he
sad
mother
sat
on
the
roadside,shouting
as
she
was
crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫.
④The
little
girls
sang
as
they
went.小姑娘们一边走,一边唱.
(5)when用于表示"一……就……"的句型中(指过去的事情).
sb.had
hardly(scarcely)
done
sth.when…=Hardly
/
Scarcely
had
sb.done
sth.when…
①I
had
hardly
/scarcely
closed
my
eyes
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.
=Hardly
/
Scarcely
had
I
closed
my
eyes
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了.
②I
had
hardly
/scarcely
entered
my
room
when
the
telephone
rang.
=Hardly
/Scarcely
had
I
entered
my
room
when
the
telephone
rang.我刚一走进房门,电话就响了.
2)before"在……之前",引导时间状语从句时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前.如:
Close
the
door
before
you
leave
the
room.离开房间前关上门.
3)after"在……之后",引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后.如:
?I
went
to
school
after
I
finished
my
breakfast.吃完早饭后我就去上学了.
4)until,
till"直到",引导时间状语从句.当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,主句要用否定形式,即"not…until/till…"意为"直到……才……".如:
I'll
wait
here
until/till
the
rain
stops.我将在这里等着,直到雨停.
You
can't
go
home
until/till
you
finish
your
work.直到你完成你的工作,你才能回家.
until和till意义相同,肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的.否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事".动词为延续性或非延续性都可以,但until可
?用于句首,而till通常不用于句首.
5)since引导的时间状语从句.
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.但在It
is
+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时.
I
have
been
in
Beijing
since
you
left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了.
Where
have
you
been
since
I
last
saw
you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
It
is
four
years
since
my
sister
lived
in
Beijing.
我妹妹不在北京住有四年了.
It
is
five
months
since
our
boss
was
in
Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了.
6)as
soon
as,
immediately,
directly,
instantly,
the
moment,
the
instant,
the
minute,
等引导的时间状语从句.这些连词都表示"一……就".
I
will
go
there
directly
I
have
finished
my
breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去.
The
moment
I
heard
the
news,
I
hastened
to
the
spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点.
As
soon
as
I
reach
Canada,
I
will
ring
you
up.
我一到加拿大,就给你来电话.
注意:hardly(scarcely,
rarely)…when
/
before,
no
sooner…than相当于as
soon
as之意.主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时.当hardly,
scarcely,
rarely和no
sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序.
He
had
no
sooner
arrived
home
than
he
was
asked
to
start
on
another
journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程.
No
sooner
had
the
sun
shown
itself
above
the
horizon
than
he
got
out
of
bed
to
commence
work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了.
Hardly
had
I
sat
down
when
he
stepped
in.我刚坐下,他就进来了.
He
had
hardly
fallen
asleep
when
he
felt
a
soft
touch
on
his
shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触.
7)由by
the
time引导的时间状语从句.注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时.如:
By
the
time
you
came
back,
I
had
finished
this
book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了.
By
the
time
you
come
here
tomorrow,
I
will
have
finished
this
work.
你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了.
8)由each
time,
every
time和whenever引导的时间状语从句.
Each
time
he
came
to
Harbin,
he
would
call
on
me.
他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我.
Whenever
that
man
says"To
tell
the
truth",
I
suspect
that
he's
about
to
tell
a
lie.每当那个人说"说实在话"的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了.
You
grow
younger
every
time
I
see
you.
每次遇到你,见你更年轻了.
9)由as
long
as和so
long
as引导的时间状语从句.这两个连词表示"有多久……就多久".
You
can
go
where
you
like
as
long
as
you
get
back
before
dark.
你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行.
I
will
fight
against
these
conditions
as
long
as
there
is
a
breath
in
my
body只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况.
3.
易混淆点:
when
??while
??as
当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用
as.这时,as常表示"随着……";"一边……,一边……"之意.
①As
the
time
went
on,the
weather
got
worse.
(as表示"随着……"之意)
②The
sad
mother
sat
on
the
roadside,shouting
as
she
was
crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫.
?4.
?解题方法点拨:
1)时态呼应
一般来讲,复合句都要遵循主、从句时态呼应规律,状语从句也不例外.即主句用现在时,从句也用现在时;主句用过去时,从句也用过去的某种时态.如:
Be
careful
when
you
cross
the
road.
过马路时要小心.
You
must
see
the
doctor
if
you
are
ill.
如果你生病了,你必须去看医生.
主句是一般过去时,从句也要用一般过去时.如:
When
he
was
seven
years
old,
he
could
swim.
当他七岁时就会游泳.
She
turned
off
the
light
before
she
left
the
office.
她离开办公室前就关了灯.
2)主从句的位置
大多数情况下,从句可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后.不过从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开.如:
Please
tell
me
when
he
comes
back.

When
he
comes
back,
please
tell
me.
5.
高考命题方向:
一些连词的用法和固定句型:
1.He
was
about
to
tell
me
the
secret
______
someone
patted
him
on
the
shoulder.
A.
as
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????B.
until
C.
when
??????????????????????????????????????????????????D.
while
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选.
【分析】最佳答案选
C.when
意为"这时(突然)",主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时.此时的
when
可以连用副词
suddenly,也可以不连用它,但值得注意的是,同学们不能单独用
suddenly
来代替
when,
2.
The
fire
went
on
for
quite
some
time
_______
it
was
brought
under
control.
A.
when
??????????????????????????????????????????????????B.
since
C.
after
???????????????????????????????????????????????????D.
before
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选.
【分析】最佳答案选
D.before
意为"在……之前",句意是"大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间".
3.
"When
did
he
leave
the
classroom?"
"He
left
_______
you
turned
back
to
write
on
the
blackboard."
A.
the
time
??????????????????????????????????????????????B.
the
moment
C.
until
???????????????????????????????????????????????????D.
since
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选.
【分析】最佳答案选
B.the
moment
用作连词,意为"一……就……",相当于
as
soon
as.类似地,the
minute,
the
instant
也可用作连词,表示"一……就……"的意思.
?
例题精讲
时间状语从句
例1.
Linda
couldn't
have
broken
into
the
teacher's
office
at
midnight,
for
it
was
only
nine
o'clock
______she
returned
to
the
dormitory
and
had
a
sound
sleep.(  )
A.before
B.when
C.that
D.until
例2.
---I
don't
understand
why
Catherine
stopped
short
_____
she
ought
to
have
continued.
---It's
obvious
that
she
lacked
self-confidence.(  )
A.when
B.while
C.if
D.as
例3.
She
always
says
things
like
this
_______
we
get
together.(  )
A.every
time
that
B.every
time
C.every
time
when
D.at
each
time
例4.
How
long
do
you
think
it
will
be
________
China
sends
another
manned
spaceship?
(  )
A.that
B.before
C.since
D.when
例5.
I
have
studied
English
_____
I
was
ten
years
old.(  )
A.for
B.since
C.from
D.about
地点状语从句
知识讲解
地点状语从句
1.
概念:
地点状语从句表示地点、
方位.
2.
结构:
这类从句通常由where(﹣﹣的地方)和wherever(无论什么样的地方)引导.
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
有志者,
事竟成.
They
will
go
wherever
they
are
happy.
他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去.
3.
用法:
1)where(﹣﹣的地方)
He
lives
where
there
are
a
lot
of
sheep.他住在一个有好多羊的地方.
I
should
put
the
book
where
I
can
see
it.我应该把书放到我能看到的地方.
Make
a
mark
where
you
have
any
question.在你有问题的地方做一个记号.
I
found
my
wallet
where
I
fell
down
yesterday.
我在昨天摔倒的地方找到了钱包
Where
there
is
a
river,
there
is
a
city.
有河流的地方就有城市.
2)wherever(无论什么样的地方)
Wherever
you
go,
I
will
follow
you.无论你去哪,我都跟着你.
?But
wherever
I
go,
there
you
are.
My
luck,
my
fate,
my
fortune.
Chanel
NO.5,
Inevitable.
但是无论我去哪,都有你,我的幸运,我的命运,我的未来,香奈儿5号,无可取代.(香奈儿五号的一个广告语)
In
peace,
too,
the
Red
Cross
is
expected
to
send
help
wherever?there
is
human
suffering.
(2006江西)
4.
易混淆点:
地点状语从句与定语从句的区别

在于分句在句中作什么成分.作状语,则是状语从句;作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句
where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词.
如:
Go
back
where
you
came
from.(where引导地点状语从句)
你从何处来到何处去.
Go
back
to
the
village
where
you
came.(where引导定语从句,修饰village)
回到你来的那个村子里去.
判断:
①We
went
home,
where
we
had
dinner.此句是where引导的"非限制性"定语从句,这里"where"=
at
home(先行词是home)从句还原"
we
had
dinner
at
home"全句译:我们回到家,在家里吃了顿饭.
②I
walk
into
the
canteen
where
students
are
eating此句也是where
引导的定语从句,与上句不同之处在于此句是一个"限制性"定语从句.全句译:我走进了这个同学们都在吃饭的食堂.(限定说明了是一个什么样的食堂)
③地点状语从句与定语从句其本身属性就不同:地点状语从句相当于大的副词;定语从句相当于大的形容词,副词是用来修饰动词的,
例:
you
can
go
where
you
want
to
go

你可以去你想去的地方.
5.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
地点状语从句的用法
  例如:
[考题1]

Mom,
what
did
the
doctor
say?
  ﹣
He
advised
me
to
live
____
the
air
is
fresher.
(2006四川)
A.
in
where
B.
in
which
C.
the
place
where
D.
where
[答案]
D
[解析]
where引导修饰谓语live的地点状语从句.
[考题2]
In
peace,
too,
the
Red
Cross
is
expected
to
send
help
____
there
is
human
suffering.
(2006江西)
A.
whoever
B.
however
C.
whatever
D.
wherever
[答案]
D
[解析]
where引导修饰谓语send的地点状语从句.
?
例题精讲
地点状语从句
例1.
-What
a
terrible
accident!
-Yes.It
happened
_____
the
four
roads
meet.(  )
A.where
B.that
C.when
D.as
例2.
As
is
joked
by
some
people,_______
there
is
a
square,there
is
square
dancing.(  )
A.because
B.when
C.since
D.where
例3.
-Don't
look
down
upon
Bob.He
has
his
own
advantages.
-Oh,yes._____others
are
weak,he
is
strong.(  )
A.Before
B.When
C.Where
D.Though
例4.
Do
you
know
the
wasteland
_____
they
used
to
play
has
been
transformed
into
a
theme
park?(  )
A.that
B.which
C.there
D.where
例5.
The
new
hotel
is
reported
to
be
built
______
it
used
to
be
a
wasteland.(  )
A.which
B.where
C.inwhich
D.what
结果状语从句
知识讲解
结果状语从句
1.
概念:
结果状语从句的从句是用来补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,一般位于主句之后.
常用来连接结果状语从句的连接词有:so
that、so…that…、such…that…等.
2.
结构和用法:
1)so…that…表示"如此…,以至于…",so后面接形容词或副词.
(1)so+形容词+that
He
was
so
ill
that
two
nurses
attended
on
him.
(他病得那样重,有两个护士照顾他.

The
room
was
so
hot
that
she
felt
dizzy.
(房间里如此之热,以至于她觉得头晕目眩.)
(2)so+副词+that
He
spoke
so
clearly
that
I
could
hear
every
word.
(他讲得非常清楚,每个字我都听得见.)
They
sat
so
close
that
their
heads
nearly
touched.
(他们坐得那么近,头都差不多碰到一起了.)
2)such…that…
表示"如此…,以至于…",与so…that…不同的是,such…that…中的such后接的是名词.其常见的结构用法有:
(1)such+不定冠词+形容词+单数可数名词+that
He's
such
a
good
swimmer
that
he
makes
me
look
sick.
(他游得这么好,真叫我相形见绌.)
Her
husband
is
such
a
bear
that
nobody
likes
him.
(她丈夫很粗暴,没人喜欢他.)
此时,such…that…可以用so…that…来替换,其结构为:so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that.如以上第一句话就可以改为:
He's
so
good
a
swimmer
that
he
makes
me
look
sick.
但是,如果该名词没有被形容词修饰,则不可以改为so…that…如上面的第二句就不可以改.以下第2和第3种情况也不能改为so…that…的用法.
(2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+that
He
told
us
such
funny
stories
that
we
all
laughed.
(他对我们讲了那么些有趣的故事,我们全都哈哈大笑.)
(3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that
It
is
such
terrible
weather
that
it
is
absurd
to
go
out.
(在这么恶劣的天气里出去太荒唐.)
so
many/much/few/little…that…
3)so与表示数量的代词many、
few、much、little等连用是常见固定搭配,
不能换用such的对应结构.
(1)so+many/few(+复数名词)+that
many/few有时作定语,后接复数名词,但有时直接用作表语,后面不再接其他成分.如:
They
asked
so
many
questions
that
they
confused
me.
(他们问了许许多多问题,把我弄糊涂了.)
The
butterflies
are
so
many
that
they
often
cover
entire
trees

(蝴蝶数量多的时候,它们经常会遍布整片树林.)
He
has
so
few
friends
that
his
life
is
lonely.
(他的朋友很少,因此他的生活非常孤单.)
The
members
are
so
few
that
we
can't
start
the
project.
(成员太少,因此我们无法启动该计划.)
(2)so+much/little(+不可数名词)+that
与many/few一样,much/little有时作定语,后接不可数名词,但有时直接用作表语,后面不再接其他成分.如:
She
wore
so
much
jewellery
that
she
seemed
to
be
covered
in
gold.
(她戴了那么多首饰,看上去象是包在金子里似的.)
He
talk
so
much
that
no
one
else
can
get
a
word
in
edgeways.
(他讲得滔滔不绝,别人都无法插嘴.)
There
is
so
little
time
left
that
I
don't
think
I
can
finish
it
as
scheduled.
(剩下这么少的时间,我想我不能按时完成.)
The
box
costs
so
little
that
I
can
afford
it.
(这个箱子很便宜,我买得起.)
3.
易混淆点:
1)so
that既可以引导目的状语从句(表示"为了,以便"),
也可以引导结果状语从句(表示"因此,以至于").
当连接目的状语从句时,一般that从句中会含有情态动词,而当引导结果状语从句时,大多不用情态动词.如:
目的状语从句:I
always
get
up
early
so
that
I
can
catch
the
first
bus.
(我总是早起,以便能够赶上首班车.)
结果状语从句:I
got
up
early,
so
that
I
caught
the
first
bus.
(我早早就起床了,结果赶上了首班车.)
2)从句与不定式结构的转换
如果结果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,
可用"so+(形容词或副词)as
to
do"取代该结果状语从句.如:
The
weather
was
so
bad
that
it
made
it
hard
to
take
a
good
photo.
(天气恶劣,
以致难以拍出来好照片.)
上面句子中的主句和从句的主语都是the
weather,所以可以改为:
The
weather
was
bad,
so
as
to
make
it
hard
to
take
a
good
photo.
3)结果状语从句的倒装
为了强调形容词或副词,so/such…that…引导的结果状语从句,可把so/such部分置于句首,采用倒装结构.如:
So
tired
was
I
that
I
lost
myself
during
marching.
(我太累了,甚至在行进中睡着了.)
Such
a
good
student
is
he
that
we
all
like
him.
(他是个这么好的学生,所以我们都喜欢他.)
4.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
[考题1]
Pop
music
is
such
an
important
part
of
society
____
it
has
even
influence
our
language.
(2007上海)
A.
as
???B.
That
???C.
which
???D.
where
[答案]
B
[解析]
下划线处之后表示结果,
应选用与前面的such连用引导结果状语从句的that.
[考题2]
We
were
in
____
when
we
left
that
we
forgot
the
airline
tickets.
(2003上海)
A.
a
rush
so
anxious
??????B.
a
such
anxious
rush
C.
so
an
anxious
rush
?????D.
such
an
anxious
rush
[答案]
D
[解析]
表示"如此匆忙"可以用"in
so
anxious
a
rush"或者"in
such
an
anxious
rush".
?
例题精讲
让步状语从句
知识讲解
让步状语从句
1.
概念
让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种,其本身也是状语从句.一般翻译为"尽管……"或"即使……".
2.
结构和用法:
1)although
/while/though/
as
均可词示"尽管;虽然",引导让步状语从句.although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句.它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:
?(1)状语从句由although,
though,while
或as引导,主句之前不可有but,
and,
so,
however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词.While
,although与though常可互换.例如:?
Although/Though/while
he
believes
it,
yet
he
will
not
act.
他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动.
?(2)as表示"尽管;虽然",只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前.though也可这么用.例如:?
Young
as/though
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.
他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多.
注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a.例如:
Child
as/though
he
is,
he
can
speak
two
foreign
languages.
虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语.
(3)though还可以作副词,放在句末,表示"但是",although却不能.例如:?
They
said
they
would
come;
they
did
not,
though.
他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来.
2)even
if,
even
though
表示"即使……","纵使……"之意,含有一种假设.
We'll
make
a
trip
even
if/though
the
weather
is
bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行.
3)whether…or…表示"不论是否……","不管是……还是……"之意.
  由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果.
?You'll
have
to
attend
the
ceremony
whether
you're
free
or
busy.
不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个

礼.
Whether
you
believe
it
or
not,
it's
true.无论你是否相信,这都是真的.
5)"no
matter+疑问词"或"疑问词﹣ever"的含义为"……都……;不管……都……"它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换.
?No
matter
what
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
=Whatever
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的.
No
matter
who
you
are,
you
must
keep
the
law.=Whoever
you
are,
you
must
keep
the
law.
不管你是谁,你都要遵纪守法.
3.
易混淆点:
1)no
matter
what(who,which,when,etc.)与whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc.)的区别:
  当引导让步状语从句时,两者相同,可以互换,但当引导名词性从句(主语从句,宾语
从句,表语从句和同位语从句)时则只能用whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc). 下面句子不能用no
matter结构(no
matter不能引导名词性从句):
Whoever
comes
back
first
is
supposed
to
win
the
prize.(主语从句)
I
am
ready
to
do
whatever
you
want
me
to.(宾语从句)
2)用though/although,
as
引导让步状语从句时,句中不能用but表示转折语气.
不能说:Though
he
looks
weak,
but
he
is
healthy.
而要说:Though
he
looks
weak,
he
is
healthy.
4.
解题方法点拨:
学习让步状语从句的关键是关联词的选用;其次,要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序.
5.
高考命题方向:
关联词的选择和as是常考点:
[考题1]
We
had
to
wait
half
an
hour
____
we
had
already
booked
a
table.
(2007辽宁)
A.
since
B.
although
C.
until
D.
before
[答案]
B
[解析]
下划线处之后所述的"我们已经预订了一桌"与前面所述的"我们已经不得不等了半个小时"之间语意相反,
四个选项中although表示"即便……",
引导让步状语从句最为合适.
[考题2]
Although
he
is
considered
a
great
writer,
____.
A.
his
works
are
not
widely
read
B.
but
his
works
are
not
widely
read
C.
however
his
works
are
not
widely
read
D.
still
his
works
are
not
widely
read
[答案]
A
[解析]
英语不允许在连词although、
though引导的让步状语从句之后的主句句首重复使用连词,
如果要在复合句中强调某种特别的意义,
可以在主句的句首加上yet、
still等副词.例如:
Although
she
has
a
lot
of
money,
(yet/still)
she
is
not
happy.
虽然她很有钱,
但是她并不快乐.
  本题题干中没有通过特定的语境暗示需要对主句进行特别强调,
因此只需用although引导让步状语从句即可,
不必在主句的句首加副词(更不能在主句的句首加连词).注意:
本题中的works指"作品、
著作",
例如表达"莎士比亚的作品"可以用"the
works
of
Shakespeare".
[考题3]
____,
he
talks
a
lot
about
his
favorite
singers
after
class.
(2005重庆)
A.
A
quiet
student
as
he
may
be
B.
Quiet
student
as
he
may
be
C.
Be
a
quiet
student
as
he
may
D.
Quiet
as
he
may
be
a
student
[答案]
B
[解析]
as引导让步状语从句应该倒装,
本题中需要放在as之前的部分应该是整个表语部分并且要省略student前的不定冠词(若要保留该不定冠词,
则应将其置于quiet与student之间).
?
例题精讲
目的状语从句
知识讲解
目的状语从句
1.
概念:
目的状语从句是指从句部分用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有
that,in
order
that(为了),
so
that(因而),
in
case(以防万一),
for
fear(以防万一),lest(唯恐)等.
2.
结构和用法:
1)目的状语从句通常用in
order
that和so
that来引导,此时的从句中往往含有情态动词.例如:
It's
best
to
be
as
short,clear
and
factual
as
possible,in
order
that
there
may
be
no
misunderstanding.为了避免出现误解,最好尽可能的简短、清晰和实事求是.
She
said
she
wanted
tea
ready
at
six
so
that
she
could
be
out
by
eight.
她说为了八点钟出门,她想让茶点在六点钟准备好.
注:so
that也可引导结果状语从句,此时后面的从句不存在情态动词;另外,分开写时的
so…that…也表示…结果.
例如:
He
is
so
selfish
that
his
teachers
and
classmates
dislike
him
intensely.
他很自私,老师和同学都极不喜欢他.
注:目的状语还可以用不定式短语,如in
order
to
do或so
as
to
do来引导(仅是不定式短语,非从句形式).
例如:
They
had
to
take
some
of
his
land
in
order
to
extend
the
churchyard.
为了扩大教堂墓地,他们必须占用他的一些土地.
They
were
shoving
each
other
out
of
the
way
so
as
to
get
to
the
front.
为了挤到前面,他们彼此不断相互推搡.
They
have
tried
to
limit
such
imports
in
order
to
protect
their
members
jobs.
为了保护他们成员的工作,他们一直努力限制这些物品的进口.
注:表示否定的目的状语时,以用in
order
not
to
do或so
as
not
to
do.
例如:
Rose
trod
with
care
in
order
not
to
spread
the
dirt.
为了不把泥土弄得到处都是,Rose走路时小心翼翼.
We
keep
the
window
shut
in
order
nof
to
let
the
flies
in.
为了不让苍蝇飞进来,我们一直关着窗户.
2)in
case
that、for
fear
that和lest都表示以防之意,表示一种否定性的目的.
例如:
The
foreign
teacher
spoke
slowly
in
case
(that)we
misunderstood
him.
这位外籍教师讲话很慢,以防我们误解他的意思.
Sam
had
consented
to
take
an
overcoat
in
case
(that)the
wind
rose.
由于担心起风,Sam同意带一件外套.
The
parents
crept
down
the
stairs
for
fear
that
they
should
awaken
the
sleeping
baby.
这对父母蹑手蹑脚地下了楼,以防惊醒睡觉的孩子.
He
jotted
down
his
client's
address
lest
he
should
forget
it.
他快速记下了客户的地址,以防遗忘.
3.
易混淆点:
1)so
that既可以引导目的状语从句(表示"为了,以便"),
也可以引导结果状语从句(表示"因此,以至于").
当连接目的状语从句时,一般that从句中会含有情态动词,而当引导结果状语从句时,大多不用情态动词.如:
目的状语从句:I
always
get
up
early
so
that
I
can
catch
the
first
bus.
(我总是早起,以便能够赶上首班车.)
结果状语从句:I
got
up
early,
so
that
I
caught
the
first
bus.
(我早早就起床了,结果赶上了首班车.)
2)in
case既可引导目的状语从句,也可引导条件状语从句,主要视句意而定:
In
case
he
comes,
let
me
know.
如果他来,告诉我一声.
Tell
me
in
case
you
get
into
difficulty.
遇到困难请告诉我.
【注】in
case引导目的状语从句,从句有时可用"should+动词原形"这样的形式:
Take
your
coat
in
case
it
rains
(should
rain).
带着雨衣以防下雨.
4.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
[考题1]
I'd
like
to
arrive
20
minutes
early
____
I
can
have
time
for
a
cup
of
tea.
(2005北京)
A.
as
soon
as
B.
as
a
result
C.
in
case
D.
so
that
[答案]
D
[解析]
so
that表示希望实现的目的.
[考题2]
Roses
need
special
care
____
they
can
live
through
winter.
(2004)
A.
because
B.
so
that
C.
even
if
D.
as
[答案]
B
[解析]
so
that表示希望实现的目的.
[考题3]
Leave
your
key
with
a
neighbor
____
you
lock
yourself
out
one
day.
(2007北京)
A.
ever
since
B.
even
if
C.
soon
after
D.
in
case
[答案]
D
[解析]
"you
lock
yourself
out
one
day"是应该避免出现的结果,
下划线处应选用in
case,
引导目的状语从句,
表示"以免……".
[考题4]
I
shall
stay
in
the
hotel
all
day
____
there
is
news
of
the
missing
child.(2000上海春)
A.in
case
B.no
matter
C.in
any
case
D.ever
since
[答案]
A
[解析]
题干意为:
我将整天在旅店里呆着,
以防有丢失孩子的消息.本题应选in
case引导目的状语从句表示"以防……".
?
例题精讲
当堂练习
单选题
练习1.
________,I
have
to
put
it
away
and
focus
my
attention
on
study
this
week.(  )
A.However
the
story
is
amusing
B.No
matter
amusing
the
story
is
C.However
amusing
the
story
is
D.No
matter
how
the
story
is
amusing
练习2.
We
should
protect
our
environment
from
being
polluted
________
our
next
generation
will
enjoy
a
blue
sky
and
live
a
healthy
life.(  )
A.as
if
B.so
that
C.even
if
D.in
case
练习3.
He
held
his
mobile
phone
in
hand
_____________
he
could
answer
it
the
moment
it
rang.(  )
A.even
if
B.if
only
C.in
case
D.so
that
练习4.
Please
leave
your
phone
number
_________
we
can
get
in
touch
with
you
in
case
of
emergency.(  )
A.so
that
B.on
condition
that
C.for
fear
that
D.so
long
as
练习5.
He ;studies ;English ;very ;hard ;_______ ;he ;might ;be ;selected ;as ;one ;of ;the ;volunteer ;interpreters ;for ;the ;Olympics.(  )
A.in?;order?;to
B.so?;as?;to
C.in?;order?;that
D.as?;long?;as
练习6.
I
need
to
get
to
work
early
______
I
can
finish
the
report
before
the
meeting.(  )
A.such
that
B.only
if
C.now
that
D.so
that
练习7.
You
should
keep
the
milk
in
the
refrigerator,________
it
doesn't
go
bad.(  )
A.as
if
B.so
that
C.while
D.although
练习8.
Roses
need
special
care
________they
can
live
through
winter.(  )
A.because
B.so
that
C.even
if
D.as
练习9.
Cathy
stopped
working
when
her
son
was
born
__________
she
could
stay
home
and
take
care
of
him.(  )
A.even
if
B.so
that
C.unless
D.while
练习10.
Aren't
the
fans
crazy
to
have
waited
outside
in
the
rain
for
more
than
three
hours
just________
a
look
at
their
favorite
singers?(  )
A.had
B.having
C.to
have
D.have状语从句
知识集结
知识元
原因状语从句
知识讲解
1.原因状语从句
1.
概念:
句子在复合句中作原因状语,叫做原因状语从句.
2.
结构和用法:
1)because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句的后面,because从句位于句首时要用逗号分开,放在句末
时,可不用逗号分开.because表示直接原因,
语气最强,
最适合回答why引导的疑问句.
例如:
I
do
it
because
I
like
it.
我做这件事是因为我喜欢.
You
can
trust
those
products
because
the
quality
never
varies.
你可以信赖那些产品,因为它们的质量从来不变.
注意:
"not
…because"结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句,
例如:
误:The
country
is
not
strong
because
it
is
large.
正:The
country
is
strong
not
just
because
it
is
large.
I
didn't
help
him,not
because
I
was
unwilling,but
because
I
was
unable
to
do
it.
我没有帮助他,不是因为我不愿意,而是因为我力不从心.
2)since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、
显然的理由(通常被翻译成"既然"),
较为正式,
语气比because弱.
例如:
Since
you
are
free
today,
you
had
better
help
me
with
my
mathematics.
既然今天你休息,
你最好帮我补习数学.
Since
you
don't
trust
him,you
should
not
employ
him.
你既然不信任他,你就不该雇用他.
注意:
seeing
(that),
now
(that),
considering
(that),
in
that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近,
都表示"既然".
例如:
Seeing
(that)
he
refused
to
help
us,
there's
no
reason
that
we
should
now
help
him.
他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们,
我们没有理由要来帮助他.
Now
(that)
you
are
grown
up,
you
should
not
rely
on
your
parents.
既然你长大了,
就不应该依靠你的父母了.
Considering
(that)
everybody
is
here,
let's
begin
our
discussion.
既然大家都到了,
我们就开始讨论吧.
In
that
he
is
ill,
he
feels
unable
to
do
it.
因为他生病了,他觉得做不了那件事.
3)as
引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的"双方已知的原因",
语气比since弱,
较为正式,
位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前).
例如:
As
it
is
raining,
you'd
better
take
a
taxi.
既然在下雨,
你最好乘出租汽车.
As
you
are
tired,
you
had
better
rest.
既然累了,
你最好休息一下.
I
went
to
bed
early,
as
I
was
exhausted.
我睡得早,
因为我已筋疲力尽了.
4)for引导的是并列句表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,
只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,
for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开.
例如:
He
could
not
have
seen
me,
for
I
was
not
there.
他不可能见过我,
因为我不在那里.
He
seldom
goes
out
now,for
he
is
very
old.
他难得出门了,因为他年事已高.
5)在"主语(人)+
be
+
形容词
+
that
…"结构中,
that从句作"be
+
形容词"的原因状语.
以下这些that从句,在意思上确实表达了形容词的"原因".根据语义,最好看作原因状语从句,这些形容词往往表示人的"情绪变化",如:glad,
happy,
pleased,
sad,
sorry,
proud,
angry
等.
He
was
pleased
that
at
last
he
was
extricated.
?他很高兴他终于获得了解脱.
I'm
sorry
that
your
husband
lost
his
job.
你丈夫把工作丢了,我很惋惜.
He's
very
glad
that
you've
come
to
see
him.
你来看他,他非常高兴.
They
are
proud
that
she
is
doing
well
at
school.
他们为她出色的学习成绩感到骄傲.
Father
was
angry
that
Tom
had
broken
the
glass.
汤姆把杯子摔破了,父亲很生气.
3.
易混淆点:
1)because不能与so连用
汉语习惯上说"因为…所以…",但英语习惯上却不能将
so与because
连用:
因为下雨,所以我们得呆在家里.
正:Because
it
was
raining,
we
stayed
at
home.
/
It
was
raining,
so
we
stayed
at
home.
误:Because
it
was
raining,
so
we
stayed
at
home.
2)because从句与
because
of短语的转换
Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because
of
短语转换:
He
can't
come
because
he
is
ill.
/
He
can't
come
because
of
his
illness.
他因病不能来.
4.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
高考命题中注意连词的选择问题:
1)He
found
it
increasingly
difficult
to
read,
____
his
eyesight
was
beginning
to
fail.
(2006北京)
A.and
B.
for
C.
but
D.
Or
答案:B,解析:"his
eyesight
was
beginning
to
fail"是"he
found
it
increasingly
difficult
to
read"的原因,
因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句.
2)A
man
cannot
smile
like
a
child,
____
a
child
smiles
with
his
eyes,
while
a
man
smiles
with
his
lips
alone.
(2006湖南)A.
so
B.
but
C.
and
D.
For
答案:
D,解析:下划线处之后的句子补充说明"a
man
cannot
smile
like
a
child"的原因,
应选用for表原因.
?
例题精讲
原因状语从句
例1.
You
are
wasting
your
time
trying
to
persuade
him_____he'll
never
believe
us.(  )
A.so
B.so
that
C.because
D.as
long
as
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
根据句意及句间的逻辑关系可知,前后存在因果关系,You
are
wasting
your
time
trying
to
persuade
him为结果,而he'll
never
believe
us则为原因;所以使用连词because来引导;故选C.so多引导结果状语从句,而so
that引导目的和结果状语从句;as
long
as引导条件状语从句.
例2.
In
my
opinion,parents
and
teachers
are
supposed
to
set
an
example
of
good
behavior
to
children
_____
they
are
role
models
to
them.(  )
A.although
B.even
if
C.unless
D.as
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
D。
本题考查连词.although虽然;尽管;even
if即使;unless除非;as因为;根据句意"父母和老师都应该为孩子树立好榜样,因为他们是孩子的榜样",可知,前后为因果关系,所以用as引导原因状语从句;
例3.
He
is
so
happy
_________
his
father
has
promised
to
buy
him
an
MP5player(  )
A.that
B.while
C.which
D.because
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
D。
He
is
so
happy的原因就是his
father
has
promised
to
buy
him
an
MP5player,前后存在因果关系,所以用because引导原因状语从句;
例4.
______,the
mayor's
health
care
reform
hasn't
been
accepted
by
all
the
people
in
the
city
yet.(  )
A.As
reasonable
it
may
sound
B.As
it
may
sound
reasonable
C.Reasonable
as
it
may
sound
D.Reasonable
as
may
it
sound
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
C。
当as引导让步状语从句时,必须使用倒装结构,倒装的成分可以是表语或者是谓语的一部分;本句中sound为联系动词,reasonable为形容词作表语,需要谓语句首引起倒装;
例5.
I
usually
do
the
washing
up
and
leave
the
cooking
to
my
wife,____she's
a
better
cook
than
me.(  )
A.unless
B.as
C.even
though
D.in
case
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
B。
leave
the
cooking
to
my
wife,和she's
a
better
cook
than
me之间存在着因果关系,所以用as来引导原因状语从句;
条件状语从句
知识讲解
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句.非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况,故采用虚拟语气.
例如:
If
he
doesn't
hurry
up,he
will
miss
the
bus.如果他不快点,他将错过巴士.(
真实)
If
he
is
free,he
will
ask
me
to
tell
stories.如果他有空,他会要求我讲故事.(真实)
If
I
were
you,I
would
go
at
once.如果我是你,我马上就会去.(我不可能是你.非真实,虚拟语气,与现在事实相反)
If
there
were
no
air,people
would
die.如果没有空气,人就会死亡.(不可能没有空气.非真实,虚拟语气,与现在事实相反)
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句:
??If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:
??主语+
should/would/might/could+do:
If
I
were
you,I
would
take
an
umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实:我不可能是你)
If
I
knew
his
telephone
number,I
would
tell
you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实:不知道)
If
there
were
no
air
or
water,there
would
be
no
living
things
on
the
earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物.(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
If
I
had
any
money
with
me,I
could
lend
you
some.
如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些.(事实:没有带钱)
If
he
studied
harder,he
might
pass
the
exam.
如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了.(事实:没有努力)
If
I
were
you,
I'd
wear
a
shirt
and
tie.
如果我是你,我就会穿衬衫和领带.(事实:我并不是你)
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:
??If+主语+had+done
主句:
?主语+should/would/might/could+have
done
eg:
If
I
had
got
there
earlier,I
should/would
have
met
her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她.(事实:去晚了)
If
he
had
taken
my
advice,he
would
not
have
made
such
a
mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实:没有听我的话)
3、表示与将来事实相反
从句:①if+主语+were
to
do
②if+主语+should+do
③if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do
eg:
If
he
should
come
here
tomorrow,I
would
talk
to
him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈.(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
If
there
were
a
heavy
snow
next
Sunday,we
would
go
skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰.(事实:下雪可能性很小,不可能)
If
she
were
to
be
here
next
Monday,I
would
tell
her
about
the
matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末.(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
4、
有时,虚拟条件句中,如果主句和从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整.这种条件句叫错综条件句.
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符.
eg:
If
I
had
worked
hard
at
school,I
would
be
an
engineer
now.
如果我当时在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在就是一个工程师了
If
they
had
informed
us,we
would
not
come
here
now.
如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了.
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符.
如:
If
he
were
free
today,we
would
have
sent
him
to
Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话,我们就已经派他去北京了.
If
he
knew
her,he
would
have
greeted
her.
要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了.
5、
当从句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语.eg:
Should
he
agree
to
go
there,we
would
send
him
there.
要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去了.
Were
she
here,she
would
agree
with
us.
如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的.
Had
he
learnt
about
computers,we
would
have
hired
him
to
work
here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了.
【注】
①若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had
等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首.
②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:
Had
I
time,I
would
come.
假若我有时间,我会来的.(=If
I
had
time…)
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but
for…(要不是因为…)等
eg:
But
for
his
help,we
would
be
working
now.
要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢.
Without
your
instruction,I
would
not
have
made
such
great
progress.
要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步.
We
didn't
know
his
telephone
number,otherwise
we
would
have
telephoned
him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话.
7、
有时,虚拟条件语气的从句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情.
①省略从句
He
would
have
finished
it.
他本该完成了.
You
could
have
passed
this
exam.
你本能通过这次考试的.
②省略主句
If
I
were
at
home
now.
要是我现
在在家里该多好啊.
If
only
I
had
got
it.
我要是得到它了该多好啊.
8.注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was.
If
I
were
you,I
would
go
to
look
for
him.
如果我是你,就会去找他.
9.省略条件从句
这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略条件从句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的:
I
might
see
her
personally.
It
would
be
better.
我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些.
(=If
I
saw
her
personally,it
would
be
better.)
情况一
?条件暗含在短语中
如:
We
didn't
know
his
telephone
number;
otherwise
we
would
have
telephoned
him.
我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话.(暗含条件是otherwise)
Without
your
help,we
wouldn't
have
achieved
so
much.
没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得这么大的成绩.(暗含条件是介词短语without
your
help)
But
for
your
help,I
would
not
have
succeeded
in
the
experiment.
如果没有你的帮助,我的实验就不会成功.(暗含条件是but
for
your
help)
It
would
cause
great
trouble
not
to
lubricate
the
bearing
immediately.
不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障.(暗含条件是not
to
lubricate
the
bearing
immediately)
情况二
?条件暗含在上下文中
如:
I
would
not
have
done
it
that
way.我是不会那么做的.(可能暗含if
I
were
you)
I
was
busy
that
day.
Otherwise
I
would
have
come
to
help
you.
我那天很忙.否则我会来帮你的.(可能暗含if
I
hadn't
been
so
busy.)
You
might
come
to
join
us
in
the
discussion.你可以参加我们的讨论.(可能暗含if
you
wanted
to)
I
would
have
bought
the
DVD
player.我是会买下那台影碟机的.(可能暗含if
I
had
the
money)
But
for
the
storm,we
should
have
arrived
earlier.
要不是碰到暴雨,我们还会早些到.(可能暗含if
it
had
not
been
for
the
storm).
误区
1.混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化;
2.省略if时,句子调整不正确;
3.不会去找意思中的"应该"含义;
4.陷在虚拟中出不来,把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句.
?
例题精讲
条件状语从句
例1.
Going
camping
in
the
desert
will
not
be
enjoyable
_____you
have
prepared
well.(  )
A.because
B.when
C.unless
D.until
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
考查条件状语从句.
because因为;when当---时候;unless除非;until直到---为止.根据句意,C项正确。
例2.
We
have
a
learning
center________
kids
do
self-learning
activities.(  )
A.which
B.when
C.whose
D.where
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
考查定语从句.分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句,先行词learning
center在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where.D项正确。
例3.
___________
you
have
known
the
truth,
it
isn't
necessary
for
me
to
hide
it.(  )
A.When
B.Where
C.Now
that
D.Although
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
考查原因状语从句.When当……时候;Where在哪里;Now
that既然;由于,因为;Although虽然;尽管.根据句意,C项正确。
例4.
-
Shall
Mary
come
to
the
party
and
dance
with
us?
-
No,
_______
she
has
finished
her
homework.(  )
A.when
B.since
C.unless
D.as
soon
as
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
考查条件状语从句.when当……时候;since既然;unless除非;as
soon
as一……就.根据句意,C项正确。
例5.
If
________,
we
can
met
at
half
past
seven
tomorrow
evening
to
discuss
the
matter.(  )
A.you
are
convenient
B.you
will
be
convenient
C.it
is
convenient
for
you
D.it
will
be
convenient
for
you
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查条件状语从句.根据句意可知用it
is
convenient
for
you,而且if条件句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
时间状语从句
知识讲解
时间状语从句
1.
概念:
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句.
2.
结构和用法:
?1)when,while,as显然都可以引导时间状语从句,但用法区别非常大.
(1)when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while和as只能和延续性动词连用.
①Why
do
you
want
a
new
job
when
youve
got
such
a
good
one
already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
②The
students
took
notes
as
they
listened.(listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记.
?(2)when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生.
1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用
when.
①When
he
had
finished
his
homework,he
took
a
short
rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿.
②When
I
got
to
the
airport,the
guests
had
left.(got
to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了.
?(3)从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as都可使用.
①When
/While
/As
we
were
dancing,a
stranger
came
in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来.
②When
/While
/As
she
was
making
a
phonecall,I
was
writing
a
letter.(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信.
?(4)当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用
as.这时,as常表示"随着……";"一边……,一边……"之意.
①As
the
time
went
on,the
weather
got
worse.(as表示"随着……"之意)
②The
atmosphere
gets
thinner
and
thinner
as
the
height
increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄.
③he
sad
mother
sat
on
the
roadside,shouting
as
she
was
crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫.
④The
little
girls
sang
as
they
went.小姑娘们一边走,一边唱.
(5)when用于表示"一……就……"的句型中(指过去的事情).
sb.had
hardly(scarcely)
done
sth.when…=Hardly
/
Scarcely
had
sb.done
sth.when…
①I
had
hardly
/scarcely
closed
my
eyes
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.
=Hardly
/
Scarcely
had
I
closed
my
eyes
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了.
②I
had
hardly
/scarcely
entered
my
room
when
the
telephone
rang.
=Hardly
/Scarcely
had
I
entered
my
room
when
the
telephone
rang.我刚一走进房门,电话就响了.
2)before"在……之前",引导时间状语从句时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前.如:
Close
the
door
before
you
leave
the
room.离开房间前关上门.
3)after"在……之后",引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后.如:
?I
went
to
school
after
I
finished
my
breakfast.吃完早饭后我就去上学了.
4)until,
till"直到",引导时间状语从句.当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,主句要用否定形式,即"not…until/till…"意为"直到……才……".如:
I'll
wait
here
until/till
the
rain
stops.我将在这里等着,直到雨停.
You
can't
go
home
until/till
you
finish
your
work.直到你完成你的工作,你才能回家.
until和till意义相同,肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的.否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事".动词为延续性或非延续性都可以,但until可
?用于句首,而till通常不用于句首.
5)since引导的时间状语从句.
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词.一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.但在It
is
+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时.
I
have
been
in
Beijing
since
you
left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了.
Where
have
you
been
since
I
last
saw
you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
It
is
four
years
since
my
sister
lived
in
Beijing.
我妹妹不在北京住有四年了.
It
is
five
months
since
our
boss
was
in
Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了.
6)as
soon
as,
immediately,
directly,
instantly,
the
moment,
the
instant,
the
minute,
等引导的时间状语从句.这些连词都表示"一……就".
I
will
go
there
directly
I
have
finished
my
breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去.
The
moment
I
heard
the
news,
I
hastened
to
the
spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点.
As
soon
as
I
reach
Canada,
I
will
ring
you
up.
我一到加拿大,就给你来电话.
注意:hardly(scarcely,
rarely)…when
/
before,
no
sooner…than相当于as
soon
as之意.主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时.当hardly,
scarcely,
rarely和no
sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序.
He
had
no
sooner
arrived
home
than
he
was
asked
to
start
on
another
journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程.
No
sooner
had
the
sun
shown
itself
above
the
horizon
than
he
got
out
of
bed
to
commence
work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了.
Hardly
had
I
sat
down
when
he
stepped
in.我刚坐下,他就进来了.
He
had
hardly
fallen
asleep
when
he
felt
a
soft
touch
on
his
shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触.
7)由by
the
time引导的时间状语从句.注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时.如:
By
the
time
you
came
back,
I
had
finished
this
book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了.
By
the
time
you
come
here
tomorrow,
I
will
have
finished
this
work.
你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了.
8)由each
time,
every
time和whenever引导的时间状语从句.
Each
time
he
came
to
Harbin,
he
would
call
on
me.
他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我.
Whenever
that
man
says"To
tell
the
truth",
I
suspect
that
he's
about
to
tell
a
lie.每当那个人说"说实在话"的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了.
You
grow
younger
every
time
I
see
you.
每次遇到你,见你更年轻了.
9)由as
long
as和so
long
as引导的时间状语从句.这两个连词表示"有多久……就多久".
You
can
go
where
you
like
as
long
as
you
get
back
before
dark.
你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行.
I
will
fight
against
these
conditions
as
long
as
there
is
a
breath
in
my
body只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况.
3.
易混淆点:
when
??while
??as
当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用
as.这时,as常表示"随着……";"一边……,一边……"之意.
①As
the
time
went
on,the
weather
got
worse.
(as表示"随着……"之意)
②The
sad
mother
sat
on
the
roadside,shouting
as
she
was
crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫.
?4.
?解题方法点拨:
1)时态呼应
一般来讲,复合句都要遵循主、从句时态呼应规律,状语从句也不例外.即主句用现在时,从句也用现在时;主句用过去时,从句也用过去的某种时态.如:
Be
careful
when
you
cross
the
road.
过马路时要小心.
You
must
see
the
doctor
if
you
are
ill.
如果你生病了,你必须去看医生.
主句是一般过去时,从句也要用一般过去时.如:
When
he
was
seven
years
old,
he
could
swim.
当他七岁时就会游泳.
She
turned
off
the
light
before
she
left
the
office.
她离开办公室前就关了灯.
2)主从句的位置
大多数情况下,从句可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后.不过从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开.如:
Please
tell
me
when
he
comes
back.

When
he
comes
back,
please
tell
me.
5.
高考命题方向:
一些连词的用法和固定句型:
1.He
was
about
to
tell
me
the
secret
______
someone
patted
him
on
the
shoulder.
A.
as
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????B.
until
C.
when
??????????????????????????????????????????????????D.
while
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选.
【分析】最佳答案选
C.when
意为"这时(突然)",主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时.此时的
when
可以连用副词
suddenly,也可以不连用它,但值得注意的是,同学们不能单独用
suddenly
来代替
when,
2.
The
fire
went
on
for
quite
some
time
_______
it
was
brought
under
control.
A.
when
??????????????????????????????????????????????????B.
since
C.
after
???????????????????????????????????????????????????D.
before
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选.
【分析】最佳答案选
D.before
意为"在……之前",句意是"大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间".
3.
"When
did
he
leave
the
classroom?"
"He
left
_______
you
turned
back
to
write
on
the
blackboard."
A.
the
time
??????????????????????????????????????????????B.
the
moment
C.
until
???????????????????????????????????????????????????D.
since
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选.
【分析】最佳答案选
B.the
moment
用作连词,意为"一……就……",相当于
as
soon
as.类似地,the
minute,
the
instant
也可用作连词,表示"一……就……"的意思.
?
例题精讲
时间状语从句
例1.
Linda
couldn't
have
broken
into
the
teacher's
office
at
midnight,
for
it
was
only
nine
o'clock
______she
returned
to
the
dormitory
and
had
a
sound
sleep.(  )
A.before
B.when
C.that
D.until
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
考查时间状语从句.before在……之前;when当……时候;that不引导时间状语从句;Until直到
…时候才
…根据句意,B项正确。
例2.
---I
don't
understand
why
Catherine
stopped
short
_____
she
ought
to
have
continued.
---It's
obvious
that
she
lacked
self-confidence.(  )
A.when
B.while
C.if
D.as
【答案】A
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查连词辨析.根据句意可知这里表示转折关系,when"尽管,虽然",while表示"尽管"的时候需要放在句首,if如果;as正如,因为。
例3.
She
always
says
things
like
this
_______
we
get
together.(  )
A.every
time
that
B.every
time
C.every
time
when
D.at
each
time
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查连词辨析.every/each
time是连词短语"每次",后面接从句,不需要that,when,也不需要介词。
例4.
How
long
do
you
think
it
will
be
________
China
sends
another
manned
spaceship?
(  )
A.that
B.before
C.since
D.when
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查连词辨析.根据句意和句型It
will
be+一段时间+before+从句,这里对一段时间提问,用how
long。
例5.
I
have
studied
English
_____
I
was
ten
years
old.(  )
A.for
B.since
C.from
D.about
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查连词辨析.for因为;since自从;from来自;about关于.根据句意和结构可知用since引导时间状语从句。
地点状语从句
知识讲解
地点状语从句
1.
概念:
地点状语从句表示地点、
方位.
2.
结构:
这类从句通常由where(﹣﹣的地方)和wherever(无论什么样的地方)引导.
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
有志者,
事竟成.
They
will
go
wherever
they
are
happy.
他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去.
3.
用法:
1)where(﹣﹣的地方)
He
lives
where
there
are
a
lot
of
sheep.他住在一个有好多羊的地方.
I
should
put
the
book
where
I
can
see
it.我应该把书放到我能看到的地方.
Make
a
mark
where
you
have
any
question.在你有问题的地方做一个记号.
I
found
my
wallet
where
I
fell
down
yesterday.
我在昨天摔倒的地方找到了钱包
Where
there
is
a
river,
there
is
a
city.
有河流的地方就有城市.
2)wherever(无论什么样的地方)
Wherever
you
go,
I
will
follow
you.无论你去哪,我都跟着你.
?But
wherever
I
go,
there
you
are.
My
luck,
my
fate,
my
fortune.
Chanel
NO.5,
Inevitable.
但是无论我去哪,都有你,我的幸运,我的命运,我的未来,香奈儿5号,无可取代.(香奈儿五号的一个广告语)
In
peace,
too,
the
Red
Cross
is
expected
to
send
help
wherever?there
is
human
suffering.
(2006江西)
4.
易混淆点:
地点状语从句与定语从句的区别

在于分句在句中作什么成分.作状语,则是状语从句;作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句
where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词.
如:
Go
back
where
you
came
from.(where引导地点状语从句)
你从何处来到何处去.
Go
back
to
the
village
where
you
came.(where引导定语从句,修饰village)
回到你来的那个村子里去.
判断:
①We
went
home,
where
we
had
dinner.此句是where引导的"非限制性"定语从句,这里"where"=
at
home(先行词是home)从句还原"
we
had
dinner
at
home"全句译:我们回到家,在家里吃了顿饭.
②I
walk
into
the
canteen
where
students
are
eating此句也是where
引导的定语从句,与上句不同之处在于此句是一个"限制性"定语从句.全句译:我走进了这个同学们都在吃饭的食堂.(限定说明了是一个什么样的食堂)
③地点状语从句与定语从句其本身属性就不同:地点状语从句相当于大的副词;定语从句相当于大的形容词,副词是用来修饰动词的,
例:
you
can
go
where
you
want
to
go

你可以去你想去的地方.
5.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
地点状语从句的用法
  例如:
[考题1]

Mom,
what
did
the
doctor
say?
  ﹣
He
advised
me
to
live
____
the
air
is
fresher.
(2006四川)
A.
in
where
B.
in
which
C.
the
place
where
D.
where
[答案]
D
[解析]
where引导修饰谓语live的地点状语从句.
[考题2]
In
peace,
too,
the
Red
Cross
is
expected
to
send
help
____
there
is
human
suffering.
(2006江西)
A.
whoever
B.
however
C.
whatever
D.
wherever
[答案]
D
[解析]
where引导修饰谓语send的地点状语从句.
?
例题精讲
地点状语从句
例1.
-What
a
terrible
accident!
-Yes.It
happened
_____
the
four
roads
meet.(  )
A.where
B.that
C.when
D.as
【答案】A
【解析】
题干解析:
A
根据句式可知,happen是不及物动词,所以其后的句子应该是状语从句,再
结合句意可知,where引导一个地点状语从句,意思是在…地方,
例2.
As
is
joked
by
some
people,_______
there
is
a
square,there
is
square
dancing.(  )
A.because
B.when
C.since
D.where
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
D。
分析句子的结构可知,本句考查where引导的地点状语从句,实际上也是一个常用句型where
there
is…,there
is…有…的地方,就有….
例3.
-Don't
look
down
upon
Bob.He
has
his
own
advantages.
-Oh,yes._____others
are
weak,he
is
strong.(  )
A.Before
B.When
C.Where
D.Though
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
C。
从语境可知此处是表示抽象的地点状语从句,指"在哪方面",所以用where来引导一个地点状语从句;
例4.
Do
you
know
the
wasteland
_____
they
used
to
play
has
been
transformed
into
a
theme
park?(  )
A.that
B.which
C.there
D.where
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:

例5.
The
new
hotel
is
reported
to
be
built
______
it
used
to
be
a
wasteland.(  )
A.which
B.where
C.inwhich
D.what
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
B。
分析句子的意思可知,本句强调的是酒店建设的地点,所以用where来引导一个地点状语从句;故选B.which指代范围,in
which多用来引导定语从句,what指的是内容,用在本句中多余,不能做任何成分,不符合它的用法特征.
结果状语从句
知识讲解
结果状语从句
1.
概念:
结果状语从句的从句是用来补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,一般位于主句之后.
常用来连接结果状语从句的连接词有:so
that、so…that…、such…that…等.
2.
结构和用法:
1)so…that…表示"如此…,以至于…",so后面接形容词或副词.
(1)so+形容词+that
He
was
so
ill
that
two
nurses
attended
on
him.
(他病得那样重,有两个护士照顾他.

The
room
was
so
hot
that
she
felt
dizzy.
(房间里如此之热,以至于她觉得头晕目眩.)
(2)so+副词+that
He
spoke
so
clearly
that
I
could
hear
every
word.
(他讲得非常清楚,每个字我都听得见.)
They
sat
so
close
that
their
heads
nearly
touched.
(他们坐得那么近,头都差不多碰到一起了.)
2)such…that…
表示"如此…,以至于…",与so…that…不同的是,such…that…中的such后接的是名词.其常见的结构用法有:
(1)such+不定冠词+形容词+单数可数名词+that
He's
such
a
good
swimmer
that
he
makes
me
look
sick.
(他游得这么好,真叫我相形见绌.)
Her
husband
is
such
a
bear
that
nobody
likes
him.
(她丈夫很粗暴,没人喜欢他.)
此时,such…that…可以用so…that…来替换,其结构为:so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that.如以上第一句话就可以改为:
He's
so
good
a
swimmer
that
he
makes
me
look
sick.
但是,如果该名词没有被形容词修饰,则不可以改为so…that…如上面的第二句就不可以改.以下第2和第3种情况也不能改为so…that…的用法.
(2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+that
He
told
us
such
funny
stories
that
we
all
laughed.
(他对我们讲了那么些有趣的故事,我们全都哈哈大笑.)
(3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that
It
is
such
terrible
weather
that
it
is
absurd
to
go
out.
(在这么恶劣的天气里出去太荒唐.)
so
many/much/few/little…that…
3)so与表示数量的代词many、
few、much、little等连用是常见固定搭配,
不能换用such的对应结构.
(1)so+many/few(+复数名词)+that
many/few有时作定语,后接复数名词,但有时直接用作表语,后面不再接其他成分.如:
They
asked
so
many
questions
that
they
confused
me.
(他们问了许许多多问题,把我弄糊涂了.)
The
butterflies
are
so
many
that
they
often
cover
entire
trees

(蝴蝶数量多的时候,它们经常会遍布整片树林.)
He
has
so
few
friends
that
his
life
is
lonely.
(他的朋友很少,因此他的生活非常孤单.)
The
members
are
so
few
that
we
can't
start
the
project.
(成员太少,因此我们无法启动该计划.)
(2)so+much/little(+不可数名词)+that
与many/few一样,much/little有时作定语,后接不可数名词,但有时直接用作表语,后面不再接其他成分.如:
She
wore
so
much
jewellery
that
she
seemed
to
be
covered
in
gold.
(她戴了那么多首饰,看上去象是包在金子里似的.)
He
talk
so
much
that
no
one
else
can
get
a
word
in
edgeways.
(他讲得滔滔不绝,别人都无法插嘴.)
There
is
so
little
time
left
that
I
don't
think
I
can
finish
it
as
scheduled.
(剩下这么少的时间,我想我不能按时完成.)
The
box
costs
so
little
that
I
can
afford
it.
(这个箱子很便宜,我买得起.)
3.
易混淆点:
1)so
that既可以引导目的状语从句(表示"为了,以便"),
也可以引导结果状语从句(表示"因此,以至于").
当连接目的状语从句时,一般that从句中会含有情态动词,而当引导结果状语从句时,大多不用情态动词.如:
目的状语从句:I
always
get
up
early
so
that
I
can
catch
the
first
bus.
(我总是早起,以便能够赶上首班车.)
结果状语从句:I
got
up
early,
so
that
I
caught
the
first
bus.
(我早早就起床了,结果赶上了首班车.)
2)从句与不定式结构的转换
如果结果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,
可用"so+(形容词或副词)as
to
do"取代该结果状语从句.如:
The
weather
was
so
bad
that
it
made
it
hard
to
take
a
good
photo.
(天气恶劣,
以致难以拍出来好照片.)
上面句子中的主句和从句的主语都是the
weather,所以可以改为:
The
weather
was
bad,
so
as
to
make
it
hard
to
take
a
good
photo.
3)结果状语从句的倒装
为了强调形容词或副词,so/such…that…引导的结果状语从句,可把so/such部分置于句首,采用倒装结构.如:
So
tired
was
I
that
I
lost
myself
during
marching.
(我太累了,甚至在行进中睡着了.)
Such
a
good
student
is
he
that
we
all
like
him.
(他是个这么好的学生,所以我们都喜欢他.)
4.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
[考题1]
Pop
music
is
such
an
important
part
of
society
____
it
has
even
influence
our
language.
(2007上海)
A.
as
???B.
That
???C.
which
???D.
where
[答案]
B
[解析]
下划线处之后表示结果,
应选用与前面的such连用引导结果状语从句的that.
[考题2]
We
were
in
____
when
we
left
that
we
forgot
the
airline
tickets.
(2003上海)
A.
a
rush
so
anxious
??????B.
a
such
anxious
rush
C.
so
an
anxious
rush
?????D.
such
an
anxious
rush
[答案]
D
[解析]
表示"如此匆忙"可以用"in
so
anxious
a
rush"或者"in
such
an
anxious
rush".
?
例题精讲
让步状语从句
知识讲解
让步状语从句
1.
概念
让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种,其本身也是状语从句.一般翻译为"尽管……"或"即使……".
2.
结构和用法:
1)although
/while/though/
as
均可词示"尽管;虽然",引导让步状语从句.although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句.它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:
?(1)状语从句由although,
though,while
或as引导,主句之前不可有but,
and,
so,
however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词.While
,although与though常可互换.例如:?
Although/Though/while
he
believes
it,
yet
he
will
not
act.
他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动.
?(2)as表示"尽管;虽然",只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前.though也可这么用.例如:?
Young
as/though
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.
他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多.
注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a.例如:
Child
as/though
he
is,
he
can
speak
two
foreign
languages.
虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语.
(3)though还可以作副词,放在句末,表示"但是",although却不能.例如:?
They
said
they
would
come;
they
did
not,
though.
他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来.
2)even
if,
even
though
表示"即使……","纵使……"之意,含有一种假设.
We'll
make
a
trip
even
if/though
the
weather
is
bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行.
3)whether…or…表示"不论是否……","不管是……还是……"之意.
  由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果.
?You'll
have
to
attend
the
ceremony
whether
you're
free
or
busy.
不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个

礼.
Whether
you
believe
it
or
not,
it's
true.无论你是否相信,这都是真的.
5)"no
matter+疑问词"或"疑问词﹣ever"的含义为"……都……;不管……都……"它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换.
?No
matter
what
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
=Whatever
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的.
No
matter
who
you
are,
you
must
keep
the
law.=Whoever
you
are,
you
must
keep
the
law.
不管你是谁,你都要遵纪守法.
3.
易混淆点:
1)no
matter
what(who,which,when,etc.)与whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc.)的区别:
  当引导让步状语从句时,两者相同,可以互换,但当引导名词性从句(主语从句,宾语
从句,表语从句和同位语从句)时则只能用whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc). 下面句子不能用no
matter结构(no
matter不能引导名词性从句):
Whoever
comes
back
first
is
supposed
to
win
the
prize.(主语从句)
I
am
ready
to
do
whatever
you
want
me
to.(宾语从句)
2)用though/although,
as
引导让步状语从句时,句中不能用but表示转折语气.
不能说:Though
he
looks
weak,
but
he
is
healthy.
而要说:Though
he
looks
weak,
he
is
healthy.
4.
解题方法点拨:
学习让步状语从句的关键是关联词的选用;其次,要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序.
5.
高考命题方向:
关联词的选择和as是常考点:
[考题1]
We
had
to
wait
half
an
hour
____
we
had
already
booked
a
table.
(2007辽宁)
A.
since
B.
although
C.
until
D.
before
[答案]
B
[解析]
下划线处之后所述的"我们已经预订了一桌"与前面所述的"我们已经不得不等了半个小时"之间语意相反,
四个选项中although表示"即便……",
引导让步状语从句最为合适.
[考题2]
Although
he
is
considered
a
great
writer,
____.
A.
his
works
are
not
widely
read
B.
but
his
works
are
not
widely
read
C.
however
his
works
are
not
widely
read
D.
still
his
works
are
not
widely
read
[答案]
A
[解析]
英语不允许在连词although、
though引导的让步状语从句之后的主句句首重复使用连词,
如果要在复合句中强调某种特别的意义,
可以在主句的句首加上yet、
still等副词.例如:
Although
she
has
a
lot
of
money,
(yet/still)
she
is
not
happy.
虽然她很有钱,
但是她并不快乐.
  本题题干中没有通过特定的语境暗示需要对主句进行特别强调,
因此只需用although引导让步状语从句即可,
不必在主句的句首加副词(更不能在主句的句首加连词).注意:
本题中的works指"作品、
著作",
例如表达"莎士比亚的作品"可以用"the
works
of
Shakespeare".
[考题3]
____,
he
talks
a
lot
about
his
favorite
singers
after
class.
(2005重庆)
A.
A
quiet
student
as
he
may
be
B.
Quiet
student
as
he
may
be
C.
Be
a
quiet
student
as
he
may
D.
Quiet
as
he
may
be
a
student
[答案]
B
[解析]
as引导让步状语从句应该倒装,
本题中需要放在as之前的部分应该是整个表语部分并且要省略student前的不定冠词(若要保留该不定冠词,
则应将其置于quiet与student之间).
?
例题精讲
目的状语从句
知识讲解
目的状语从句
1.
概念:
目的状语从句是指从句部分用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有
that,in
order
that(为了),
so
that(因而),
in
case(以防万一),
for
fear(以防万一),lest(唯恐)等.
2.
结构和用法:
1)目的状语从句通常用in
order
that和so
that来引导,此时的从句中往往含有情态动词.例如:
It's
best
to
be
as
short,clear
and
factual
as
possible,in
order
that
there
may
be
no
misunderstanding.为了避免出现误解,最好尽可能的简短、清晰和实事求是.
She
said
she
wanted
tea
ready
at
six
so
that
she
could
be
out
by
eight.
她说为了八点钟出门,她想让茶点在六点钟准备好.
注:so
that也可引导结果状语从句,此时后面的从句不存在情态动词;另外,分开写时的
so…that…也表示…结果.
例如:
He
is
so
selfish
that
his
teachers
and
classmates
dislike
him
intensely.
他很自私,老师和同学都极不喜欢他.
注:目的状语还可以用不定式短语,如in
order
to
do或so
as
to
do来引导(仅是不定式短语,非从句形式).
例如:
They
had
to
take
some
of
his
land
in
order
to
extend
the
churchyard.
为了扩大教堂墓地,他们必须占用他的一些土地.
They
were
shoving
each
other
out
of
the
way
so
as
to
get
to
the
front.
为了挤到前面,他们彼此不断相互推搡.
They
have
tried
to
limit
such
imports
in
order
to
protect
their
members
jobs.
为了保护他们成员的工作,他们一直努力限制这些物品的进口.
注:表示否定的目的状语时,以用in
order
not
to
do或so
as
not
to
do.
例如:
Rose
trod
with
care
in
order
not
to
spread
the
dirt.
为了不把泥土弄得到处都是,Rose走路时小心翼翼.
We
keep
the
window
shut
in
order
nof
to
let
the
flies
in.
为了不让苍蝇飞进来,我们一直关着窗户.
2)in
case
that、for
fear
that和lest都表示以防之意,表示一种否定性的目的.
例如:
The
foreign
teacher
spoke
slowly
in
case
(that)we
misunderstood
him.
这位外籍教师讲话很慢,以防我们误解他的意思.
Sam
had
consented
to
take
an
overcoat
in
case
(that)the
wind
rose.
由于担心起风,Sam同意带一件外套.
The
parents
crept
down
the
stairs
for
fear
that
they
should
awaken
the
sleeping
baby.
这对父母蹑手蹑脚地下了楼,以防惊醒睡觉的孩子.
He
jotted
down
his
client's
address
lest
he
should
forget
it.
他快速记下了客户的地址,以防遗忘.
3.
易混淆点:
1)so
that既可以引导目的状语从句(表示"为了,以便"),
也可以引导结果状语从句(表示"因此,以至于").
当连接目的状语从句时,一般that从句中会含有情态动词,而当引导结果状语从句时,大多不用情态动词.如:
目的状语从句:I
always
get
up
early
so
that
I
can
catch
the
first
bus.
(我总是早起,以便能够赶上首班车.)
结果状语从句:I
got
up
early,
so
that
I
caught
the
first
bus.
(我早早就起床了,结果赶上了首班车.)
2)in
case既可引导目的状语从句,也可引导条件状语从句,主要视句意而定:
In
case
he
comes,
let
me
know.
如果他来,告诉我一声.
Tell
me
in
case
you
get
into
difficulty.
遇到困难请告诉我.
【注】in
case引导目的状语从句,从句有时可用"should+动词原形"这样的形式:
Take
your
coat
in
case
it
rains
(should
rain).
带着雨衣以防下雨.
4.
高考命题方向和解题方法点拨:
[考题1]
I'd
like
to
arrive
20
minutes
early
____
I
can
have
time
for
a
cup
of
tea.
(2005北京)
A.
as
soon
as
B.
as
a
result
C.
in
case
D.
so
that
[答案]
D
[解析]
so
that表示希望实现的目的.
[考题2]
Roses
need
special
care
____
they
can
live
through
winter.
(2004)
A.
because
B.
so
that
C.
even
if
D.
as
[答案]
B
[解析]
so
that表示希望实现的目的.
[考题3]
Leave
your
key
with
a
neighbor
____
you
lock
yourself
out
one
day.
(2007北京)
A.
ever
since
B.
even
if
C.
soon
after
D.
in
case
[答案]
D
[解析]
"you
lock
yourself
out
one
day"是应该避免出现的结果,
下划线处应选用in
case,
引导目的状语从句,
表示"以免……".
[考题4]
I
shall
stay
in
the
hotel
all
day
____
there
is
news
of
the
missing
child.(2000上海春)
A.in
case
B.no
matter
C.in
any
case
D.ever
since
[答案]
A
[解析]
题干意为:
我将整天在旅店里呆着,
以防有丢失孩子的消息.本题应选in
case引导目的状语从句表示"以防……".
?
例题精讲
当堂练习
单选题
练习1.
________,I
have
to
put
it
away
and
focus
my
attention
on
study
this
week.(  )
A.However
the
story
is
amusing
B.No
matter
amusing
the
story
is
C.However
amusing
the
story
is
D.No
matter
how
the
story
is
amusing
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查让步状语从句.however引导让步状语从句,however+形容词+主语+谓语。
练习2.
We
should
protect
our
environment
from
being
polluted
________
our
next
generation
will
enjoy
a
blue
sky
and
live
a
healthy
life.(  )
A.as
if
B.so
that
C.even
if
D.in
case
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
B.考查连词.根据题干句意可知,后半句表示目的,因此B项正确.as
if
好像;so
that
以便,为的是;even
if
即使;
in
case以防万一;
练习3.
He
held
his
mobile
phone
in
hand
_____________
he
could
answer
it
the
moment
it
rang.(  )
A.even
if
B.if
only
C.in
case
D.so
that
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查连词辨析.even
if即使;if
only但愿;in
case以防;so
that为了.根据句意和上下文可知这里是目的状语。
练习4.
Please
leave
your
phone
number
_________
we
can
get
in
touch
with
you
in
case
of
emergency.(  )
A.so
that
B.on
condition
that
C.for
fear
that
D.so
long
as
【答案】A
【解析】
题干解析:
B项"倘若";C项"惟恐";D项"只要";A项"so
that"意为"以便于;以致于";根据句子的逻辑关系"请把你的电话号码留下来,以便有紧急情况的时候我们可以联系你."可知,此处是由"so
that"引导的目的状语从句,因此A项符合语境,
练习5.
He ;studies ;English ;very ;hard ;_______ ;he ;might ;be ;selected ;as ;one ;of ;the ;volunteer ;interpreters ;for ;the ;Olympics.(  )
A.in?;order?;to
B.so?;as?;to
C.in?;order?;that
D.as?;long?;as
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
本题考查目的状语从句.in
order
that为了,后面接从句,表示目的,in
order
to和so
as
to后面接动词原形,as
long
as只要。
练习6.
I
need
to
get
to
work
early
______
I
can
finish
the
report
before
the
meeting.(  )
A.such
that
B.only
if
C.now
that
D.so
that
【答案】D
【解析】
题干解析:
根据前面两句话的语义关系可知,两者之间存在着一种目的关系,即早些着手工作是为了能够在开会前把报告完成,应该是目的状语从句.such和that一般不直接连在一起使用,only
if表示"只要";now
that表示"因为,既然";均不符合句意。
练习7.
You
should
keep
the
milk
in
the
refrigerator,________
it
doesn't
go
bad.(  )
A.as
if
B.so
that
C.while
D.although
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
考查目的状语从句.as
if好像;so
that以至于;while当……时候;although虽然,尽管.根据句意,B项正确。
练习8.
Roses
need
special
care
________they
can
live
through
winter.(  )
A.because
B.so
that
C.even
if
D.as
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
B.because引导原因状语从句,so
that引导目的状语从句,even
if引导让步状语从句,as引导方式状语从句或原因状语从句,根据句意,玫瑰需要照顾,目的是为了能够过冬,此处的so
that可以换为in
order
that,引导目的状语从句.所以本题选择B。
练习9.
Cathy
stopped
working
when
her
son
was
born
__________
she
could
stay
home
and
take
care
of
him.(  )
A.even
if
B.so
that
C.unless
D.while
【答案】B
【解析】
题干解析:
B。
分析句子内容可知,不工作的目的在于在家照顾孩子,所以后面为一目的状语从句,应该用so
that来引导;so
that引导目的状语从句时,从句中一般含有情态动词can,could,may,might等;even
if引导让步状语从句;unless引导条件状语从句;while也可引导条件状语从句;
练习10.
Aren't
the
fans
crazy
to
have
waited
outside
in
the
rain
for
more
than
three
hours
just________
a
look
at
their
favorite
singers?(  )
A.had
B.having
C.to
have
D.have
【答案】C
【解析】
题干解析:
C考查目的状语从句,根据句意,是为了…to
do可做目的状语。